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GENERAL REGULATIONS
FOR
THE ARMY.
Sect. 14 And be it further enacted, That the system of " General Regulations for the Army," compiled by Major General Scott, shall be, and the same is hereby approved and adopted for the government of the army of the United Siates; and of the militia, when in the ser- vice of the United States.
Extract. — Act of Congress, March 2, 1821.
-&£/
GENERAL REGULATIONS
TOR
ft TOTOftt W *
or,
MILITARY INSTITUTES.
"Good order and subordination, so useful in all places, are no " where so necessary as in an army. The government should precisely « determine the functions, duties, and rights, of all military men — '• soldiers, officers, chiefs of corps, generals. — The Swiss were the first " modern nation who restored military discipline to its ancient vigour. "It was this, joined to the valour of a free people, which produced, " in the infancy of that republic, those brilliant exploits which aston- "ished all Europe." — Vattel.
" Good order and discipline render an army a walking battery— a " moving fortress." — Frederick the Great.
" In respect to details, it ought to be acknowledged, that there are " many of them which are generally known, and which, at first sight, " may appear trivial. But ought they, on this account, to be suppress- " ed ? Certainly not ; since they are liable to be daily forgotten or " neglected." — Thiebault.
PHILADELPHIA:
M. CAREY AND SONS— CHESNUT STREET.
1821.
War Department, July ', 1821. ORDERS.
The following General Regulations for the Army, having been formally approved by Con- gress, with the exception of those numbered 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, and 79, which have received the sanction of the President, he commands that they be published, for the government of all concerned, and that they be strictly observed. Nothing contrary to the tenor and spirit of the said Regulations will be enjoined on any portion of the United States' forces, by any commander.
J. C. CALHOUN.
TABLE OF ARTICLES.
SECTION I.
RANK AND COMMAND.
Page
Article 1. Rank of corps and regiments, - 13
2. Base of discipline, - - - 13
3. Principles governing the rank of officers, 15
4. Succession in rank, - - - 16
5. command, - - 16
6. Relative rank and precedence of land and
sea officers, - - - - 17
SECTION II.
MILITARY COMPLIMENTS, OR HONOURS.
Article 7. Compliments: — by individuals as such, 18
8. guards and sentinels, 19
9. troops under review, 21
10. the line, - - 25
1 1 . troops in passing each
other, - - 25
12. posts, as such, - 26
13. to the national anniversary, 27
14. Honours to the dead, 27
15. Miscellaneous, - - - . 29
Table of Articles. SECTION III.
INTERIOR ECONOMY OF REGIMENTS AND COMPANIES.
Page
Article 16. Unanimity, or V esprit de corps, - 30
17. Instruction, - - - - 31
18. System of responsibility, - - 31
19. Appointment of certain commissioned
staff officers; appointment and degra- dation of non-commissioned officers, 33
20. System for encouraging good conduct,
by the appointment of lance-corporals, 34
21. Selection of pioneers, 35
22. Selections for flank companies, - 35 53. Emplotjment of soldiers, as clerks, me- chanics, and waiters, - - 36
24. Designation and consolidation of com-
panies, - - - - - 37
25. Base of interior police and service, - 38
26. Arrests: coiifinements, 43
27. Messing, ----- 44
28. Dress: personal cleanliness and neatness, 47
29. Roster; or details of service, (See
Art. 49, page 100.)
30. Accoutrements, - - - 48
31. Preservation of arms, 50
32. Knapsacks and havresacks, - - 52
33. Colours; drums, - - - 53
34. Ammunition, 54
35. Marking of public property, and ofin-
dividnals* necessaries, 54
36. Injunctions in respect to standing inte-
rior regulations or orders, - - 55
37. Books, - - - - - 55
Table of Articles. SECTION IV.
ECONOMY OF DEPARTMENTS AND POSTS.
Page
Article 38. Organization of departments, - 60
39. Form and course of inspections, SfC. - 64
40. Troops in quarters, 68
41. Sutlers — council of administration, - 70
42. Assembly: inspection and parade of guards, 75
43. Service of guards in their jiosts, - 78
SECTION V.
ECONOMY OF AN ARMY IN CAMPAIGN.
Article 44. Organization and composition, - 85
45. Theory of the staff : summary of its duties, 89
46. Necessaries of officers: baggage train, 90
47. Camps and cantonments, - - 92
48. Orders: mode of publication, 96
49. The Roster : or details of service, - 100
50. Police guard, - - - - 109
51. The piquet, - - - - 111
52. Grand guards and other out-posts, - 113
53. Marches, 120
54. Battles : general dispositions, - 124
55. Field hospitals, - - - - 129
56. Convoys and their escorts, - - 130
57. Baggage train, - - - - 133
58. General police, - 135
59. Sutlers in the field, - - - 138
60. Prisoners of war, - - - 139
61. Distributions, - - - - 141
62. Sieges, 143
63. Defence of places, - - - 147
[2]
Table of Articles. SECTION VI.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Page
Article 64. Troops on board of transports, - 149
65. Uniforms, - - - - 154
66. Adjutant general's department, or mili-
tary correspondence, - - 162
67. Engineer department, - - 165
68. Ordnance department, - - 170
69. Quartermaster's department, - 178
70. Purchasing department, - - 237
71. Fay department, - 244
72. Subsistence department, - - 258
73. Medical department, ... 269
74. Recruiting, - - - _ 310
75. Transfers, - 322
76. Leaves of absence: furloughs, - 322
77. Inspector's department, - - 325
78. Military Academy, - 325
79. Miscellaneous, - - - - 351
INDEX.
Note. — In the references, c. is used for article,- p. for paragraph. the title of each, see Table of Articles.
For
Abattis, a. 17, p. 1. a. 38, p. 11.
Absent officers, a. 49, p. 13.
Abusive or unbecoming language, a. 2, p. 9.
Accoutrements, a. 17, p. 1. «. 28, p 11. a. 30, p. 1, &c. a. 35, p. 4. See Ordnance stores, a. 68, p. 28, &c.
Adjutant general's department, — Channels of communication, a. 66, p. 3. 5, 6. Communications, or- ders, &c. a. 66, p. 15, 16. Duties of, a. 66, p. 17. Estimates and requisitions for, a. 74, p. 3. In- spection returns to, a. 66, p. 10, 11. Monthly returns, o. 66, p. 7, 8, 9. 11. a. 74, p. 6, 7. Officers to report to, a. 79, p. 7. Orders of, a. 66 p. 1, 2. — Proceedings of courts transmitted, a. 66, p. 12, 13, 14. Stated reports and re turns, a. 66, p. 4. a. 74, p. .17.
Adjutant, — Responsibility of, a. 18, p. 8. Selection and appointment of, a. 19, p. 1. a. 79, p. 2, 3. See Staff officers.
Adjutant of the day, a. 42, p. 5. See Staff officers.
Administration, — Definition, a. 38, p. 13. Duties of, a. 38, p. 4.
Advanced guard, o. 53, p. 3. a. 54, p. 2, 3, 4. 7.
Advanced posts, a. 52, p. 12. 14, 15, 16.
Aides-de-camp, — Appointment of, a. 79, p. 1, 2. See Staff officers.
Alarm, (sounding,) a. 53, p. 4.
Allowances, — Regular and incident- al, a. 69, p. 2. 48. 99, &c. Ammunition, a. 17, p. 1. a. 34, p. 1.
4. a. 56, p 4. 18, 19. a. 64, p. 6. Apothecary's department, a. 73, p.
13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Armourer, «. 31, p. 2. Arm-racks, a. 25, p. 26. a. 64, p. 4. Arms, — Arrangement of, a. 25, p. 26.
a 40, p. 4. a. 43, p. 40. Care of, a. 17, p. 1. a. 26, p. 8. a. 28, p. 11. Damaged, a. 68, p. 33, 34, 35. How cleaned, a. 31, p. 3, 4, 5, 6, &c. Lock cover, or case for, a. 31, p. 9. Marks on, a. 35, p. 1. a. 40, p. 3.
5, 6, 7, 8. Preservation of, a. 31, p. 1, 2, 3, &c. Reports and esti- mates of, a. 68, p. 28. See Ord- nance stores, a. 68, p. 28 to 35.
Army corps, (or corps cV arm^e,J a. 44, p. 1, 2. Command of, a. 3. p. 1. a. 44, p. 2. Staff of, a. 44, p. 4. 14. Support of, a. 54, p. 15. How de- signated, a. 44, p. 6.
Arrest, — Applications for, a. 26, p. 2. a. 66, p. 3, 4. 6. Arms of persons under, a. 26, p. 8. Au- thority to order an, a. 26, p. 1. Limits of, a. 26, p. 4. Mode of ordering, a. 26, p. 3. On a march, a. 26, p. 7. Release from, a. 26, p. 6 Restrictions under, a. 26, p. 9. To be reported, a. 26, p. 1.5.
Artillery, — Attack of, a. 54, p. 10. Commanding officers of, a. 44, p.
14, 15. a. 62, p. 5. «. 77, p. 3. De- fence of, a- 54, p. 10. Divisions and subdivisions of, a. 68, p. 4, 5,
Index.
6, 7. (Foot,) rank of, a. 1, p. 1.
For field service, a. 68, p. 4, 5, 6,
7, 8. (Heavy,) a. 68, p. 7 (Light, or horse,) rank of, a l.p.l. Siege and garrison, a. 68, p. 8.
Assembly, (beaten,) a. 5<J, p. 11. a. 53, /». 5.
Assimilated rank, a. 2, p 4, 5, 6.
Assistant commissaries of subsist ence, a. 72, p. 3 to 9. o. 79, p. 2, 3 Abstracts of, a. 72, p 29. Ac- counts current of, a 72, p. 30 Acting-, a. 72, p. 10 47 Certifi- cate of, a 72, p 46. Doing duty in the quanermasier's depart- ment, a 69, p. 47, a. 72, p 40 43 Extra pay to, a 72, p. 43, 44, 45 Forms to be observed by, a 72, p 49. Issues of, a. 72, p- 13 to 22 Liable to other duty, a. 72, p. 4U to 42. Miscellaneous in tlie de- partment of, a. 72, p 35 to 38 Monthly returns of, a. 72, p. 28 Non-commissioned officers or sol- diers on duty with, a. 72, p. 38 48. Stationed with their compa- nies, a. 72, p. 39.
B.
Baggage, — Allowance of, a. 46, p. 3 to 8. Excess of, to be rejected, a. 46, p. 2. Limited, a. 46, p 1. a. 57, p. 1. 5. Marked, a. 35, p. 7 a. 46, p. 7. Requisites of, a. 46, p. 8.
Baggage train, — Conductors of, a. 57, p- 2, 3, 4. Brigade, a. 57, p. 2, 3. Division, a. 57, p. 2, 3. Duties appertaining to, a. 57, p. 2, 3, 4 &c Guard, a. 57, p. 6, 7, 8. Or- der of, o. 57, p. 9, 10. Regimental, a. 57, p- 2, 3.
Baking, a. 27, p. 1 to 7. 13. 18.
Barracks and quarters, a. 69, p. IS 19, 20. Troops in, «. 40, p. 1, 2 &.c. a. 47, p. 1
Battalion,— Review of, a. 9, p. 1, 2, &c.
Batteries at a siege, a. 62, p. 3. 23 a. 68, p. 8. See Heavy, and Siege and Garrison, artillery
Attack in, a. 54, p. 11. 13, 14. Ca- valry in, a. 54, p. 9 Defensive in, a. 54, />. 12, 13. Dispositions for, a 54, p. 1, 2, 3, &c. a. 55, p. 1.3. 6. Duty after, a. 54, p. 20. Good con- duct in, a. 54, p. 21, 22, 23. Lines of, a. 54. p. 5, 6 Litters in, a. 55, p 5 Order of, a. 44, p. 7, 11 12, 13. a 54, p. 14. Pursuit in, r. 54, p. 16. Reserve in, a 54, p. 8. Staff officers in, a. 54, p. 18. Stea- diness in, a. 54, p. 19. Support in, a 54, p 15. Wounded in, a. 55, p. 1. 4, 5, 6. Bell-tents, a. 25, p. 26. Belts, — How cleaned, a. 30, p. 1. Biscuits, n. 27, p. 7- Bivouac, — Of piquet, a. 51, p. 11. Of
troops, a 47, p. 1 20. Blacking. — Recipe for, a. 30, p. 3, 4. Boards for conferring rank of lance
corporal, a. 20, p. 1. 5. Boards of survey, (subsistence,) a. 72, p 11,12. (Ordnance,) a. 68, p. 13. Books, — Number and description of,
a. 37 Bread, — Arrangement of, a. 40, p. 8. Instruction in making, rz. 17, p. 1. a. 27, p. 1, 2, 3. 4, &c. Quality of, a. 27, p. 5, 6. 8. Quartermaster, in respect to, a. 27, p. 3. Brevet rank, a. 3, p. 2- Brigade, — Command of, a. 44, p. 2. How designated, a. 44, p 6. In- spection of, a 44, p. 22. Parade of, a. 49, p. 23. Regiments in, a. 44, p. 2, 3. Review of, a. 9, p. 11 to 21. a. 44, p 22. Brigadier general, — Rank of, a. 2,
p 2. Bunks, a. 40, p. 3. 5. 10. Buttons, — How cleaned, a. 28, />. 8.
C.
Cadets, — Classification of, a. 78, p.
51,52. Examination of, a. 78, p.
53 to 55. Rank of, a. 2, p. 2.
Subject to martial law, a. 78, p. 1,
2. See Military Academy. Calls of ceremony, a. 7, p- 9.
Battle, — Advanced guard in, a. 54, Call, — Adjutant's, a. 25, p. 13. Fa- p. 3, 4. Artillery in, a. 54, p. 10.| tigue, a, 25, p. 10. Stable, «. 25,
Index.
p. 11. 27. Surgeon's, a. 25, p. 8. See Roll-calU. Camp,— Choice of, a 47, p. 4. Ks- tablishment in, a. 47, p 1, &c. Re- connoitred, «. 47, p. 2, 3. 21. See Encampment. Camp colours, a. 9, p- 5. 21. Camp equipage, a. 57, p. 1. «• 69, />. 89, &.c. To be marked, a. 35, p. 3 Camp ovens, a. 17, p. 1. Camp kettles, o. 32, p. 6. Camp kitchens, a. 47, p 11. Camping parties, a 47, p. 2. Escort of, a. 47, p. 2. a. 50, p. 11, 12. ^ Canteens or water-flasks, a. 35, p 3- Baggage, a 35, p. 7- a. 4G, p. 6. Cantonments, «. 47, p- 1. Capricious or tyrannical conduct
prohibited, a. 2, p. 9. Captain, — Rank of, a. 2, p. 2. Re- sponsibility of, a. 18, p. 3. Captains, or companies, — Position of, in order of battle, a. 18, p. 4 a. 24, p. 2. Captured property, a. 60, p. 4. a. 62,
p. 34. Carriages, — Marked, a. 35, p. 2. Cartels, a 60, p. 5. Cartouch boxes, a. 30, />. 2, &c. To
be inspected, a. 34, p. 1. Cartridges, a. 17, p. 1. Cavalry, — Dismounted, a. 49, p. 18. a. 62, p. 27. Guards, a. 52, p. 28. Part in battle, a. 54, p. 9- Rank of regular, a. 1. p. 1. Certificates to army followers, a. 58,
p. 2, 3, 4. a. 59,' p. 2. Chamber model, a. 40, p. 9. Chambers, — Numbered, a. 40, p. 2. Changes in habitual order of battle,
a. 44, p. 11, &c. Chaplain at funerals, a. 14, p. 13. Chief justice U. S. a. 15, p. 1. Chiefs of executive departments, a.
15, p. 1 Citadels, — Defence of, a. 63, p. 6. Cleanliness enjoined, a. 28, p. 2. 11.
a. 40, p. 10. a. 64, p. 15, &c Clerks, a. 23, p. 1, 2, 3 10. Selec- tion of, a. 23, p. 1, &c. Clothing, — Cleaning and preserving, a. 17, p. 1. a- 28, p. 3, &c. Rates and allowance of. See Purchasing department.
Colonel, — Inspections by, a. 44, p. 22. Rank of, a 2, p. 2. Responsibility of, a. 18, p. 1, 2, &c. Colours, — Cased, a. 33, p. 1. In camp, a. 62, p. 12. Sentinel plac- ed over, a. 33, p. 2. To be guard- ed, a. 43, p. 16. a. 53, p. 4. When furled, a 33, p. 1 a. 62, p. 12. When lodged, a 33, p. 2. When planted, «. 33, p 5 a. 47, p. 11- When unfurled, a. 33. />• 1. Command, Sec. I. generally. Prede- cessor in, a. 5, p. 1. Separate, a 3, p- 5. Successor in, a. 5, p. 1. o. 66, p. 16. Superseding in, a. 5, p 1, 2- Vacancies in, a. 44, p. 5.
Commanders of departments,
Compliments to, a. 15, p 3. Commanding officers, a. 79, p. 14, 15.
Inspections by, a. 39, p. 23. Commissary general of purchases, —
2. p. 6. a. 70, p. 1, &c. Commissarv general of subsistence, a. 61, p. '4. a. 72, p. 1, 2. a. 79, p. 23. Communications between posts, a.
p 6. Companies, — Designation of, a. 24, p. 1, 2. Inspection of, n. 25, p. 12. a. 44, p. 22, 23. Minimum strength of, a. 24, p. 3, 4, 5. Or captains, position of, in order of battle, a. 18, p. 4. a. 24, p. 2. Review of, a. 9, p 22. Squads of, «. 18, p. 4. Transfer of, a. 24, p. 3, 4. Compliments, Sec. 11. generally. By posts as such, a. 12, p. 1,2, Si &c. By troops passing each other, a. 11, p. 1,2. By squads, a. 39, p. 18. See Salute. Consolidation of regiments, a. 44, p. 8, 9, 10.
Contingent accounts, Settlement
of, a. 79, P 13. Convicts, — Quarterly reports of, a. 79, p. 9. Term of sentence of, a. 79, p. 9. Convoy, — Carriages of, a. 56, p. 12, 13, 15, 18. Commandant of, a. 56, p. 4. 6. 15, &c. Defence of, a. 56, p. 8, 9, 10, &c. Escort of, a. 56, p. 1. a. 57, p 8. a. 62, p. 28. In- structions for, a. 56, p. 3. Of powder, a. 56, p. 1. 4. Order of
Index.
march, a. 56, p. 5. Parking' of, a. 56, p. 14, 15. Pioneers, or fa- tigue parties to, a. 56, p. 2. Pro tection of, a. 56, p. 7, 8, &c.
Cornet, — Rank of, a. 2, p. 2.
Corporal, — Appointment of, a. 20, p. 4. Of the guard, a. 43, p. 32, Sac. 36. 45, 46. Hank of, a. 2, p. 2.
Council of administration, — Duties and powers of, a. 41, p. 8, 9, 10, &c. How constituted, a. 41, p. 6,7.
Countersign, — How given, a. 43, p. 24. Limited, a. 43, p. 24. Nature of, a. 48, /;. 6. 18. Objects of, a 48, p. 17. To be required, a. 43, p. 25 To be sealed, a. 48, p. 20 When changed, a. 48,/».20. When issued, a. 48, p. 17, a. 52, p. 10.
Courtesy enjoined, a. 7, p. 1.
Courts of inquiry, a. 49, p. 6. a. 63, p. 9. Recorder to, a. 69, p. 103
Courts martial, &c. — Adjournment of, to be reported, a. 49, p. 8 Compensation to citizens attend- ing, a. 69, p. 101. Compensation to members of, a. 69, p. 100. 102. Members of, when liable to other duty, «. 49, p. 7. See General courts martial.
Cultivation, for supply of the troops, a. 72, p. 32, &c. a. 69, />. 66. 68 a. 79, p. 22, 23.
D.
Defence, — Council of, a. 63, p. 5. In battles, a. 54, p. 12, 13. Of for- tresses, &c. a. 63, p. 1. Plans of, a. 63, p. 1.
Departrnents.-Commanders of, a. 38, p. 2, &c. Head quarters of, a. 38, p. 16. Organization of, a. 38, p. l.&c.
Deportment of officers, a. 16, p. 1
Deserters, — Arms, &c. of, a. 58, p. 7, a. 69, p. 96, 97. Forfeiture of, o. 71, p. 12. a. 74, p. 21. From the enemy, a. 52, /». 29, &c. 39. a. 58, />. 6, &c. Rewards for ap- prehension of, a. 69, p. 104. a. 71, p. 10. 12. a. 74, /». 9. a. 79, p. 10.
Despatches, — Time of, noted, a. 44, p. 21.
Detachment, — Command, a. 3, p. 3- Officers on, a. 44, p. 17. Recon- noitring, foraging, &.c. a. 49, /». 6. Intrenched, a. 52, p. 13.
Details, — Course of, a. 49, p. 23. For trenches, a. 62, p. 8. In the field, a. 49, p. 23. Of cavalry, a. 49, p. 18. Order of, a. 49, ft. 3, &c. 10, &c. 13, 19, &c. Special exemp- tion from, a. 49, p. 20. Temporary exemption from, a. 49, p. 19.
Discharges, — Form, &c. of, a. 71, p. 9. a. 79, p. 11, 12. 19.
Discipline, — Definition, a 38, p. 4. 9. Knforcement of, a. 44, />. 22-
Distributions, — Hours and places of, a. 48, p. 7. a. 61, p. 5, 6, 7, 12. la advance, a. 61, p. 10. Order and proportions of, a. 61, />. 13, &c. Superintendence of, o. 61, p. 5. 9. To companies and squads, a. 16, />. 12, &c
Dispositions of troops in march and battle, a. 44, p. 11, 12, 13. o. 54, p 1, &c. 14, &c.
Divisions, — Command of, a. 44, />. 2. How designated, a. 44, /». 6. In- spection of, a. 44, p. 22, 23. Or- ganization of, a. 44, /» 1, 2. Re- view of, «. 44, p 22, 23. Staff of, a. 44, p. 4. Support of, a. 54, />. 15.
Draft cattle, a. 35, p. 2. a. 69, p. 11. 66. 112, 113.
Dress, — Fatigue, or police, a. 28, p. 9. Neatness, care, &c. of, a. 28, p. 3. 11. Regulations as to, a. 28, p. 11.
Drum,— Beat of, a. 8, p. 9. When cased, a. 33, />. 3. When piled, a. 10, p. 1. a. 33, p. 5.
Drum major, a. 2, p. 3.
Drummers, a. 33, p. 4. a. 65, p. 26.
Duties, — Staff, active and sedenta- tary, a. 45, p. 4, &c.
E.
Efficiency, a. 17, p. 1. a. 18. p. 1.
a. 38, p. 8. Encampment.— Description of, a. 47,
p. 15, &c. See Camp. Engineer department, — Accounts of
disbursements of, a. 67, p. 16. 19.
Index.
Agents of, a. 67, p. 7, &c. Allow- ances of, a. 67, p. 25. Contracts of, a. 67, p- 6. Duties of, a. 67, p. 1, 2, &.c. Estimates of, a. 67, p 15,19. Inspections of, a. 67, p. 5. 19, 20. Officers of, a. 67, p. 3, 14, 17, 18, 24. Officers of the, not liable to other duties, a. 38, p. 2. a 67, p. 21. Officers of the, on duiy at posts, &c. a. 67, p. 22. Plans of, a. 67, p. 4 19. Reports to the, a. 67, p. 19. Returns to the, a. 67, p. 24.
Engineers, corps of, a. 67, p. 1.
Engineers in the field, a. 44, p. 14, &c. a. 62, p. 4, &c. 29.
Enlisted soldiers, — Treatment of, a 2, p. 1.
Escort, — Commandant of, a. 56, p. 4. 6, 8, &.c. Conduct of, a. 56, p. 16, 17. 20. Of camping party, a. 47, p. 2. a. 50, p. 11, &c. Of convoy, n. 56, p.l. a. 57, p- 8. a 62, p. 28. Of fatigue party, a. 49, />. 12. Of prisoners, a. 50, p. 12. See Con voy.
Exercises, — Military, a. 17, />. 1.
Extra duty, — Troops employed on, a. 69, p. 105, &c.
Fascines, o. 17, p. 1. a. 38, p. 11. Fatigue,— Daily, a. 25, .p. 10. Ge
neral, a. 25, p. 6. a. 28,p. 11. a. 38,
/». 8. Parties, a. 28, /». 9. a. 49,
/>. 5. 12. 17. a. 56, />. 2. a. 61, p
7, &c. Field officer of the dav, a. 49, p. 20.
a. 52, p. 5. 9. 10. 14. "l6, 17. 29. 32 Flags of truce, a. 52, p. 31, 32, 39. Flags, — When displayed, a. 12, p. 8. Flank companies, — Designation of,
a. 24, p. 1. Selection of, a. 22,
p. 1, &c. Strength of, a. 22, p. 2, 3. Flints, — How fixed, a. 31, A 10, &c Forage, — Allowance of, a. 69, p 62,
&c. Resources of, a. 38, p. 6. Forces, — How drawn up, a. 1, p. 1.
Regular, a. 2, p. 8. Foreign officers, — Compliments to,
a. 15, p. 3. a. 61, p. 8. Fortresses, — Capitulation of, a. 63,
p. 8. Commanders of, a. 63, p. 1.
&c. Courts of inquiry, on loss of, a. 63, p. 9. Defence of, c. 63, p.
1, 8tc.
Frontier defences,— Report on, a. 38, p. 6.
Funeral escorts, a. 14, p. 2, &c.
Funeral honours, a. 14, /!>. 5, &c.
Fuel, — Allowance of, a. 69, p. 49, &c.
Furloughs, or leaves of absence, a. 76, p. 1. Cadets, a. 78, p. 79. Form of, a. 76, p. 4. Rules to be observed during, a. 76, p. 5. To be reported, a. 69, p. 37. a. 76, p.
2, 3. 5. When and how granted, a. 76, p. 2, 3. 6.
Furniture for offices and quarters, a. 23, p. 7.
G.
Gabions, a. 17, p. 1. a. 38, />. 11.
Gambling prohibited, a. 78, />. 98. a. 79, p. 24.
Garrison courts martial, a. 49, p. 6.
Garrison equipage, a. 69, p. 89, &c.
General courts martial, a. 49, />. 6. Orders for, a. 79, p. 8.
General staff, officers of, — Rank of, a. 2, p. 4, &c.
Generate, — When sounded, a. 55, p. 5.
Geographical departments, a. 3, p. 3. a. 38, p. 1, 8cc.
Governors of states and territories, a. 15, p. 1.
Grand guards, — At new posts, a. 52, p. 9. Cavalry attached to, a. 52, p. 3- Commanders of, a. 52, p. 14. &c. Composition of, a. 52, p. 4. How posted, a. 52, p. 11, Sec. Instructions for, a. 52, p. 15. 17, 18. 29. 34. 37. Intrenched, a. 52, p. 13. Nature of, a. 52, p. 1, 2. Precautions of, a. 52, p. 27, 28, 29. 42. Sentinels of, a. 52, p. 8. 18, &c. 29. 42. To assemble without noise, a. 52, p. 8. Tour of, a. 49, p. 6. See Guards.
Grand rounds, — Duties incident to, a. 43, p. 26, &c. a. 48, p. 17.
Great coats, a. 32, p. 6.
Guards, — Arms of, a. 43, p. 41. At- tack and defence of, a. 52, p. 33, 34. Cavalry, a. 52, p. 12. Com-
Index.
manders of, a. 25, p. 6. a. 43, p. 6 20. 23. 29, 3<J, &c Detachments composing, u. 42, p. 3. Dismissed, a. 43, p. 39. a. 53, />. 4. Inst rue tions for, a. 43, p. 42. a. 47, p. 5, 6. a. 50, p. 2, &c Interior, a. 49, p. 6. Messes of, a. 27, /»• 16. Of honour, a. 8, /;. 4. a. 49, />. 6. Pa- rade of, a. 42, //. 1, 4, &.c. Person- al, a. 49, />- 6. Believed daily, a. 43, /'• 2. Report, a. 50, p. 13, 14. Roll-call of, a. 43, p. 7- Salute of, see Salutes. To be inspected, a. 42, p. 2. a. 43, p. 7. a. 50. p. 9. When turned off, a. 42, p. 1. o. 49, /;. 23. See Guards, and Police guard. Guides, — Employment of, a. 47, p- 3
H.
Havresacks, a. 32, p. 7. How mark- ed, a. 35, p. 3. To be inspected, a. 32, /». 2. a. 53, p. 9.
Head quarters, — Reports made to, a. 50, p. 14. Staff attached to, a. 44, ^>. 14.
Health, — Preservation of, a. 27, p. 8. a. 28, p. 2.
Honours to the dead, a. 14, /». 1, &c.
Horse (see Light) artillery.
Horses, — Captured, a. 60,/>.4. How marked, a. 35, p. 2. a. 58, p. 7- Injunctions regarding, a. 58, p. 16.
Hospital — Attendants, allowance to, a. 73, p. 70 ; how appointed, a. 73, p. 69. Field, how organized, a. 55, p. 1, &.c. General, surgeon attending a, a.73, p. 18, &c. Ge- neral, assistant to, a. 73, p. 29, &c. Inspection of, a. 39, p. 16, &.c. Necessaries of, a. 55, p. 5. a. 79, p. 22. Station of field, a. 55, p. 3. Steward, allowance to, a.73,p.70; duties of, a. 73, p. 35, &c; how appointed, a. 73, p. 54. 69. Ward master, allowance to, a. 73, p. 70; duties of, a. 73, p. 37, &c; how- appointed, a. 73, p. 54. 69.
I.
Individuals' necessaries, — Marks on,
a. 35, p. 6, 7. Infantry, — Rank of, a. 1, p. 1-
Inferiors, — Duty of, a. 7, />• 1> 2. Protection, &C. of, a. 2, p. 1.
Inspection, u. 38, />. 3,4. a. 39, gene- rally; a. 44, />. 22, &c. n. 68, /». 21. a. 69, p. 32. a.72, p. 22,27- a-77, p. 1, &c. a. 74, /;. 19. Form and course of, a. 38, />. 11. fl. 39, p. 1, &c. a. 79, p. 27- Objects of, a. 38, p. 4, &c. Of quarters, a. 39, /». 15, &c. Reports of, a. 38, p. 5. 14, 15. a. 39, />. 22. a. 44, p. 23. a. 77, p. 1, &c Returns, a. 66, p. 10, 11. To be minute, a. 38, />. 11. Weekly, a. 39, p. 24.
Inspectors general, — Duties of, a.77, p. 1. 4. a. 79, p. 22. 27.
Instruction, — Definition, a. 38, />. 10, 11. How enforced, a. 44, p. 22. Prescribed, a. 17, p. 1.
Issues, — How made, a. 72, p. 13. Regularity of, a. 38, p. 13. Wast- age on, a. 72, p. 25, 26, 27.
J.
Jalons, — Office of, a. 53, p. 8. Judge advocate, a. 2, p. 6. a. 44, p. 14. a. 66, p. 12. a. 69, p. 103.
K.
Kitchens, a. 17, />. 1. a. 38, p. 11.
Knapsacks, — Contents of, a. 32, />. 2, Sec. How arranged, a. 40, p. 5, 6. How marked, «. 35, /». 3. Instruc- tion in packing, a. 17, p. 1- c. 32, /». 5. To be inspected, a. 32, p. 2. a. 53, p. 9. When worn, a. 32, p. I.
Lance-corporal, a. 18, p. 5. 7- a. 20,
p. 1, &c. Land troops, serving as marines, a.
6, p. 3. Laundresses, — Certificate of, a. 58,
p. 4. Employment of, a. 28, j>. 10.
How paid, a. 28, p. 10. Leaves of absence. See Furloughs. Letters, — Private, when prohibited,
a. 54. p. 24. Lieutenant colonel, — Rank of, a. 2,
p. 2- Responsibility of, a. 18, p. 3.
Station of, a. 18, p. 3. Lieutenants,— Rank of, a. 2, p. 2.
Index.
Light dragoons, — Rank of, a. l,p.l Light infantry, — Employment of, a.
53, p. 3. Qualifications of, a. 22,
p. 1. Selection of, a. 22, p. 2, 3-
See Light troops. Light (or#Horse) artillery, — Rank
of, a. 1, p. 1. Light troops, — Employment of, a.
53, p 3. In battle, a. 54, p 16
See Light infantry, Marksmen,
and Tirailleurs. Luxury prohibited, a. 46, p. 1.
M.
Magazines of provisions, a. 61, p. 2
Major,— Rank of, a. 2, p. 2. Re- sponsibility of, a. 18, p. 3.
Major general, — Hank of, o. 2, p. 2.
Marauding prohibited, a. 53, p. 9 11
March, — Diminishing of front on, a 53, p. 13. Halts on, a. 53, p. 12, &c 20, &c Horses on, a. 53, p. 15. In the interior, a. 53, £ 18 27. Ja Ions, a. 53, p. 8. Knapsacks, &c. on, a. 32, p. 1, 2. 6. a. 53, p. 9. Leading alternately on, a. 53, p 19. Night,' a. 53, p. 8. 'Order of, a. 53, p. 1, 2, &c. Passing defiles on, a. 53, /». 13. Precautions on, a. 53, p. 26, 27. Routes of, a. 53, p. 27. Sick on, a 53, p. 24, 25. Strag- glers on, a. 53, p. 10, 11. 20. 22. Supplies on, a. 53, p. 27.
Marines, a. I, p. 1. a. 3, p. 1. a. 38, p. 2.
Marks of sutlers, a. 59, />. 4.
Marks on public property, a. 35, generally; a. 58, p. 7. o. 60, p-. 4. a. 68, p. 10. 13.
Marksmen, (or skirmishers,) a. 54, p. 2, 3, 4. 7. 11. 16. a. 56, />. 7. 16 a. 62, /». 26. See Tirailleurs.
Meat, — How preserved, a. 27, p. 9, 10. a. 40, />. 8.
Mechanics, — Employment of, a. 23, p. 1. 4, &c. o. 41, />. 19. a. 79, A 17.
Medical department, — Duties of, a. 73, p. 1, &c. General rules, a. 73, p. 68, &c. Apothecary's depart-
[2*]
ment, a. 68, p. 13. Medical di- rector, a. 55, p. 4. a. 73, p. 8, &c. Reports, requisitions, returns, &c. a. 73, p 55, &c. See Quarter- master's department, o. 69, p. 34, &c.
Medical officers in the field, a. 55, p. 1, &c
Messes, — How prepared, a. 27, p. 15.
Messing, — Inspection and superin- tendence of, a. 25, p. 9. a. 27, /». 1. a. 64, p. 21.
Midsummer, a. 25, p. 29, 30.
Military academy — Admission into, a. 78,' p. 76, 77, 78. Cadets, o. 78. p. 1. Course of studies and in- struction, a. 78, p. 30 to 32, 8cc. General instructions, a.78,p. 59, 60, 61, &c. Instructors of, a. 78, p. 1. Organization, a. 78, p. 3 to 8, &c. Period of instruction, a. 78, p. 43 to 45, &c. Police and discipline, a. 78. p. 86 to 88, &c. Rolls of merit, a. 78, p. 56 to 58.
Military storekeepers. See Store- keepers.
Militia, Rank of, a. 1, p. 1. a. 2,
/». 8.
Model, — Camp, a. 47, p. 16. Cham- ber, «. 40, p 9.
Musicians, Band of, a. 18, />. 6.
Uniform of, o. 65, p. 26.
Mustering for payment, a. 39, />. 14.
N.
National anniversary, a. 13, p. 1, 2.
Naval officers, a. 6, generally; a. 12, />. 4. o. 15, />. 2 a. 64, /». 1.
Necessaries, — How packed, a. 32, p. 3, 4, 5. To be marked, a. 35, p. 6, 7.
Non-commissioned officers, Ap- pointment and selection of, a. 19, p. 5. 7, 8. a. 74, p. 20. Certifi- cates of, a. 19, p. 6. How re- duced, a. 19, p. 7. a. 20, p. 3. Number of, limited, a. 19, p 9. Responsibility of, a. 18, p. 4 8.
Non-commissioned staff, — Rank of, a. 2, p. 3. Selection of, a. 19, p. 5. See Non-commissioned officers.
Index:
o.
Obedience prescribed, a. 2, p. 9. Officer of the day, — Duties of, a. 8,
p. 3, 4. a. 25, p 1. 3. 9. a. 26, p. 6
a. 42, p. 6. 12, &c. a. 43, p. 1. 24.
27, &c. n. 49, p. 7. a. 50, p. 3. 8.
13, &c. a. 51, p. 5. 7, &c. a. 64,
A 8. 21.23.28. Officers, military, — Relative rank of,
a. 2, p. 8. Order of army corps, a. 44, p. 11. Order of battle, a. 1, p. 1. a. 9, p. 1,
2. a. 18, p. 3. a. 44, p. 7. 11, &c Order of brigades and divisions, a
44. p. 11. Order of regiments, a.l. p. 2. o. 44,
P U.
Orderlies, a. 44, p. 18, &c. a. 48, p
1. 7. Service of, a 49, p 6. 9. Orderly hour. a. 48, p. 9 12. Orders
subsequent to, a. 48, p. 10. Orders,— Channel of communication,
a 45, p. 1. a. 48, p. 1, 2 fl. 66, p.
1, &c. Correctness of, a. 48, p. 14.
Dispositions to be added to, a. 48,
a. 68, p. 18. 20. Reports and esti- mates of, a. 68, p. 28. Requisi- tions for, a. 68, p. 16, &c. Sales of, a. 68, p. 13, &c. (Small-arms, &c.) distribution and accountabi- lity, «. 68, p. 28, &c. #See Artil- lery.
Ordnance captured, a. 60, p. 4. a. 62, p. 34.
Ordnance department, — Duties, a. 68, p. 1, &c. a. 69, p. 8, 9.
Ordnance duty, a. 38, p. 2. a. 68, p. 21, &c.
Organization of corps, a. 44, p. 1, &c.
Outposts, (or grand guards,) — Com- mandant of, a. 52, p. 10, &c. When doubled, a. 52, p. 7-
Parades, a. 25, p. 12, &c. a. 42, p. 7, &c. a. 49, p. 23. a. 50, p. 2.
Parole, a. 43, p. 27. o. 48, p. 6. 17, 18. 20. a. 52, p. 10. Of prisoners of war, a. 60, p. 7, 8.
Passive obedience, a. 2, p. 9.
p. 8. Exhortations, notices, and Patroles, a. 38, p 8. a. 43, p. 3. 22 thanks in, a. 48, p. 7. Form of, a. 50, p. 8. a. 52, p. 22, &c. 39
a. 48, p. 2.5. General, a. 48, p. 7. Monthly extracts, a. 48, p. 16 Not to be contrary to law or reason, a. 2, p. 9. Numbered, a. 48, p. 4. Obedience to, o. 2, p. 9. Publication of, a. 48, p. 1, &c. 11, &c. Reading and explain ing, a. 25, p. 21, &c. a. 48, p. 13, &c. Relating to engineers and artillery, a. 44, p. 15. Special, a 48, p. 6. Standing, a. 5, p. 1. a 36, 6. 1, 2. Verbal, a. 48, p. 1. Written, to be sealed, a. 48, p. 1. Ordnance and ordnance stores, a. 68, /». 2, &c. Charge and custody of, a. 68, p. 19. 24. Depots of, a. 68, p. 26. Disbursements for, o. 68, p. 27- Embezzlement prohibited, a. 68, p. 10, 11. Field and heavy, a. 68, p. 4 to 8 ; to be charged, a. 68, p. 13, &c; to be marked, a. 68, p. 10 ; to be of the same pattern, a. 68, p. 8, 9. How issued, a. 68, p. 14, 15. How provided, a. 68, p. 3. Quarterly accounts of,
Cavalry, a. 52, p. 3. 12. 22, 23. 39, &c. Night, a 50, p. 8.
Paymasters, a. 2, p. 6. a. 18, p. 8. Appointment of, a. 19, p. 2. Du- ties of, a. 71, p. 1, &c. Reports to, a. 79, p. 2. To pay sutlers, &c a. 41, p. 18, &c. To settle amounts due for clothing, a. 71, p. 11.
Payments, — When and how made, a. 38, p. 13. a. 71, p. 1, &c.
Pioneers, a. 21, p. 1. a. 53, p. 6. a. 56, p. 2.
Piquet, a. 49, p. 6. a. 51, p. 1, &c.
Police, interior and exterior, o. 25, p. 1. a. 38, p. 4. 7, &c. a. 40, p. 1, &c. a. 44, p. 22.
Police guard, a. 25, p. 1, &c. a. 26, p. 7. a. 33, p. 2. a. 38, p. 8. a. 49, p. 6. a. 50, p. 2, &c. a. 53, p. 4. Of a camp, a. 26, p. 7. a. 33, p. 2. a. 47, p. 6. 13. Salute of, see Salutes. To be inspected, a. 42, p. 2. a. 43, p. 7. a. 50, p. 9. Sec Guards.
Post command, a. 3, p. 4.
Index.
Post corporal, a. 43, p. 18, 19. 32, 33. Post fund, a. 41, p. 11. Objects of,
a. 41, p. 14. 25, 26, &c. Post school, a. 41, p. 14. Posts, — Commanders of, a. 39, p. 23,
a. 52, p. 35, &c. Defence of, a. 52,
/». 33. 35. 40, 41. Instructions for,
a. 52, p. 34. 37. Intrenchment of,
a. 52, p. 35, &c. Powder, — Convoy of, a. 56, p. 1. 4
18, &c. Predecessor in command, a. 5, p. 1,
a. 79, p. 20. 23. President of the Senate pro.tem. a
15, p. 1. President of the U. S. commander in
chief, a. 2, p. 2. Compliments to,
a. 9, p. 6. a. 10, p. 1. a. 12, p. 1 Prisoners, a. 25, p. 3. a. 26, p. 7.
a. 27, p. 17. a. 43, p. 18. 34. a. 50,
p. 4. 11. 13. a. 53, p. 4. See Po
lice guard, and Provost guard. Prisoners of war, — Arms, &c. of, a
60, p. 4. Cartels of, a. 60, p. 5.
Depots of, a. 60, p. 6. Officers,
parole of, a. 60, p. 7, 8. Reports
and returns of, a. 60, p. 2. Sick
and wounded, a. 60, p. 3. Treat
ment of, a. 60, p. 1, 8cc. Private servants, a. 58, p. 3. Promotions, a. 4, p. 1, &c. a. 78, p.
80, &c. See Vacancies. Provision return, a. 72, p. 49. Provost guard, a. 58, p. 1, &c. See
Prisoners. Publications, when prohibited, a.
54, p. 24. a. 79, p. 21. Public property, — Receipts for, a. 5,
p. 3. a. 79, p. 20. To be marked,
a. 35, p. 2, kc. Punishments, a. 2, p. 1. a. 38, p. 9. Purchasing department, a. 70, p. 1,
&c.
Q.
Quarterly, accounts to be settled,
a. 79, p. 26. Quartermasters, a. 18, p. 8. a. 19,
p. I. a. 53, p. 27. a. 61, p. 9. a. 79,
p. 2, &c. Quartermaster's department, a. 64,
p. 1. a. 69, p. 1, &c. Allowances,
regular and incidental, a. 69, p, 2. 48. Forms of estimates, returns, reports, and statements required, with forms of vouchers for dis- bursements and the issue of sup- plies, a. 69, p. 2 General instruc- tions, a. 69, p. 2, 3, &c. Returns, statements, estimates, and reports required, a. 69, p. 2. 107.
Quartermaster sergeant, a. 2, p. 3. a. 18, p. 8. a. 27, />• 2, &c. a. 57, p. 3. a. 61, p. 7.
Quarters, a. 69, p. 49. 55 to 57, 60, 61. a. 73, p. 1.
R.
Rank, — Assimilated, a. 2, p. 4, &c. Brevet, a. 3, p. 2. a. 71, p. 18. Of corps and regiments, a. 1, p. 1, &c. Of officers, a. 3. p. 1. Rela- tive, a. 3, p. 1. a. 6, p. 1, &c, a. 15, p. 2, &c.
Rations, a. 61, p. 1. 3. 4. 6. 9. 10, 11, &c. a. 62, p. 31. Component parts, of, a. 72, p. 31. Double, a. 71. p. 19. See Distributions.
Rear guard, a. 53, p. 3. 11.
Reconnoitring, a. 47, p. 2, 3. 21. a. 52, p. 9. 23. 26.
Recruiting parties, a. 24, p. 3, &c. Subsistence of, a. 72, p. 21, 22.
Recruiting service,— Duties of, a. 74, p. 1, 2, &c. Estimates and vouch- ers for, a. 74, p. 11. Requisitions for, a. 68, p. 18. a. 69, p. 38. a. 74, p. 3. Supplies for, a. 69, p. 95, 96. 98. n. 72, p. 21, &c. a. 74, p. 3. 10, &c.
Redress, — Application for, a. 26, p. 2. a. 66, p. 6.
Regimental courts martial, a. 49, p. 6.
Regimental fund, a. 41, p. 11. 14, 28.
Regimental staff, a. 19, p. 1, &c.
Regiments, — Consolidation of, a. 44, p. 8, &c. Rank among, a. 1. p. 2.
Regular forces, — Rank of, a. 1, p. 1. a. 2, p. 8.
Regulations, to be read, a. 79, p. 28.
Relief corporal, a. 43, p. 8. 14. 26. 25. 43. 44, &c.
Index.
Reliefs, a. 43, p. 2, 3, 4. 6, 7. 21. 35. a. 50, p. 3.
Relieved officer, a. 5, p. 3. o. 79, p 20. 23. 25.
Relieving guard, a. 43, /». 2. 29, 30, &c.
Relieving in command, a. 5, p. 1, &c a. 66, J>. 16. a. 79, /». 20. 23. 25.
Repairs to be noted, a. 38, p. 6. a. 44, />. 22.
Reports, — Battle, a. 54, p. 21, &c. Guard, a. 50, />. 13, 14. Inspec tion and review, a. 38, p. 14, &.c. a. 39, p. 22. a. 44, p. 22, 23. Morn ing, a. 25, /». 7. a 44, p. 23. Of officers, at head quarters, a. 7, p- 8. a. 79, />. 6, 7. Sick, a. 25, p. 8. a. 73, /». 42. 53. 55, &c. Stated and special, a. 66, />. 4.
Reserve, a. 54, /». 8.
Responsibility, a. 18, /». 1. 3. 4. 8 a. 38, p. 13.
Retreat, (beating,) a 25, /». 14, 15. a- 50, /». 9. Precautions on a, « 54, p. 14.
Returns, a. 44, /» 23. a. 66, p. 4.7, &c. o. 68, /;. 29. a. 69, p. Ill, &c a. 72, p 28. a. 73, p. 55, &c. In- spection, a. 66, p. 10, &.c.
Reveille, a. 25, /». 5. 29.
Review, a.9,p. 1, 8tc. a. 44. p. 22, 23
Riflemen, a. I. p. 1. Qualifications of, a. 22, /». 1. Selection of, a. 22, p. 2, 3 See Tirailleurs.
Roll-calls, (stated,) a. 25, p. 4, 5. 9. 12. 19. 28. a. 50, p. 9.
Roster, a. 49, p. 1, &c. a. 50, />. 6. a. 52, />. 6. a. 56, p. 3. a. 58, p. 2.
S.
Safeguards, a. 58, p 9, &c.
Salute, — Colour, a. 9, /». 6. 18, 19 o. 10, p. 1. a. 11, />. 1, 2. Guard, o. 8, p. 1, &c. Individual, a. 7, p. 1, &c. o. 8, p. 8. a. 11, p. 1, 2. Of the line, a. 10, p. 1.
Scarcity, — Resources in time of, a 27, p. 1.
School, post, a. 41, />. 14.
Secretary of boards, a. 20, p. 1.
Secretary of council of administra- tion, a. 41, p. 6.
Secretary of war, a. 64, /». 3, 4. a. 69, />. 8. 12. 16. 18, 19. 25. 47. Com- pliments to, a. 9, p. 6. a. 10, p. 1- a. 12, j&. 1.
Seniority of rank, a. 2, p. 7- a. 4, p. 1.
Sentinels, — Duties of, a. 43. />• 1, &c a. 50, p. 4, &c. Over colours, a. 33, />. 2. On board of transports, a. 64, /> 9, 10.
Sergeant major, — Rank of, a. 2, p. 3. Responsibility of, a. 18, p. 8.
Sergeant, — Kank of, a. 2, /». 2.
Service, a. 38, /». 4. 12. Armed, a. 49, />. 5, &c.
Sick and wounded, a. 55, p. 1, &c. a. 60, p. 3. a. 69, />. 79. a. 79, />. 17. See Sick reports, Hospital, and Medical department.
Sieges, a. 27, p. 1. a. 62, p. 1, &c. Artillery at, a. 68, p. 8. Assaults, a. 63, p. 6, 7. Requisitions of ord- nance at, a 62, p- 15. Sappers and miners at, «. 62, p. 18. Sorties, a. 62, p. 12. 21, &c.
Signals, a. 25, p. 3. a. 52, />. 19, 20.
Soldiers, — Deceased, a. 73, p. 74. a. 79, p. 18. Occasionally employed by officers, a. 23, p. 6. Wounded or disabled, a. 79, p. 19.
Soups, a. 17, p- 1 a. 27, p. 1 9, &.c.
Speaker of House of Representatives of the U. States, a. 15, p. 1.
Squads, a. 18, p. 4, &.c. a. 25, p. 26. a. 27, p. 16. a. 28, p. 11. a. 40, />. 10.
Staffofficers, a. 2, /> 4, &c. a. 3, p. 2. a. 44, p. 14. 16, 17. a 45, p. 1, &c. a. 79, p. 3 Acting, a. 19, p. 4. Liable to lineal duties, a. 19, p. 3. a. 44, p. 16.
Standingorders, a. 5, p. 1. a. 36, p. 1,2.
Stationery, — Issues and allowances of, a. 69, p. 39. 45. 67, &c.
Storekeepers, military, a. 68, p. 14. 24. 33, 34. a. 69, p. 10. 26. 41. a. 70, />. 8. a. 78, />. 20. «. 79, p. 4, 5.
Straw,— Allowance of, a. 69, p. 85, &c. a. 73, /a 1.
Subordination prescribed, a. 2, />. 1. a. 38, p. 9.
Subsistence department, a. 72, p. 1, &.c. Cultivation, a. 72, />. 32, &c.
Index,
a. 79, p. 23. Resources, reports of, a. 38, p. 6. Supplies to officers, a. 72, p. 23, 24. 32, &c.
Succession and superseding in com- mand, a. 5, p. 1, 2. a. 66, p. 16 a. 79, p. 20. 23.
Summer, a. 25, p. 29, 30.
Superiors, — Duty of, a. 7, p- 1, 2. a. 16, /». 1. Respect to, a. 2, p. 9. a. 7, p. 1, &c.
Supernumerary officers, a. 44, p. 9. 16.
Surgeon, a. %p. 6. a. 18, />. 8. a. 25, />. 8. a. 27, />• 14. a. 39, />. 16, 17 a. 73, />. 18, 8tc. 40 to 47. 51 to 53 55 to 91. a. 74, p. 1. 5. 12. a. 79, /». 18, 19. See Medical depart ment.
Surgeon, assistant, a. 18, p. 8. a. 73, />. 29, &c. 48, &c. 55, &.C a. 74, p. 1. 5, 12. a. 79, p. 18, 19. See Medical department.
Surgeon general, a. 2, p- 6. a. 73, />. 1, &c.
Surgeons, citizen,--When employed, a. 73, p. 79, 80, &c. a. 79, p. 16. See Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon, Hospital, and Medical depart ment.
Sutlers, a. 41. p. 1, &.c. Fines, a. 41, p. 4. Inspection of, a. 39, p. 15 a. 41, p. 10. a. 59, p. 5. In the field, a. 59, />. 1, Sec. Marks of, a. 59, p. 4. Prices limited, a. 41, p. 10. 15. Weights and measures, a. 41, />. 10.
T.
Target, a. 34, /<. 2, &c.
Tattoo, a. 25, p. 28, &c. a. 50, p. 8. a. 64, /». 23, 24.
Tents, a. 17, p. I. a. 35, />. 3. a. 38, />. 11. a.47,/>. 10. a. 69, /». 89, 90 o. 70, />. 1.
Tirailleurs, a. 54, /». 2, 3, 4. 7. 11. 16. a. 56, />. 7- 16. a. 62, /». 26. See Light infantry, Light troops, and Marksmen.
Tools, a. 62, p. 14. a. 69, p. 89, &c.
Topographical engineers, a. 38, p. 2- a. 67, p. 1. 23, &c.
Tours of service, a. 49, p. 5, 6. 9. 12, 14, &c. a. 50, p. 13.
Transfer, — Of companies, a. 24, p.
3, 4. Officers, a. 69, />. 81. a. 75. p. 1. Soldiers, a. 75, p. 2.
Transportation, a. 6, p. 3. a. 38, p. 6. a. 64, /». 1, &c. Allowance of, a. 69, p. 70, &c.
Transports, a. 64, />. 1, &c. Ammu- nition on board of, a. 64, p. 6. Arm-racks to, o. 64. p. 4. Arms, accoutrements, 8cc. on board of, a. 64, p. 4. 27. Bedding, &c. a. 64, p. 18. 23. Births, a. 64,/>. 1.
4, 5. 18, 19. Call to quarters, a. 64, p. 12. 26. Cleanliness, a. 64, />. 13. 15 to 19. Duties on board of, a. 64, p. 4. 7, 8. Exercise, o. 64, p. 14. 31, 32. Fumigation, a. 64, />. 28. Guards, a. 64, /». 9. Hospital, a. 64, />. 34, 35. Inspec- tions, a. 64, /». 2, 3. 13. 33. Lights, a. 64, /». 24, 25. Messing, a. 64, /». 21, 22. Officer of the day, a. 64, p. 8. 20, 21. 23, 24. Police, a. 64, p. 8. 37. Precautions on board of, a. 64, p. 22. 25. 30. Sen- tinels, a. 72, p. 10. Watches, a. 64, p.7. 11.19. Windsails.a. 64.J&.29.
Trenches, a. 17, p. 1. a. 38, p. 11. Alarm posts, a. 62, p. 20. Articles for the, a. 62, />. 14. Cavalry, a. 62, />. 27. Details of the, a. 62, p. 8, 9. 25, 26. Earth-sacks, a. 62, p. 19. Engineers, a. 62, /». 4, 5, 6. 29. Ge- neral of the, a. 62, p. 1, 2, 3, 6. 15. Precautions, a. 62, />. 11. Rations, a. 62,p.31. Relieving at the, a. 62, p. 13. Service of, a. 62, p. 1, &c. Visits to, a. 62, /». 10.
Troops, — In quarters, a. 40, p. 1, &c. On board of armed vessels, a. 6, p. 3. Organization, a. 44, p.l, 2, &c,
Trumpet major, a. 2, p. 3.
Tyrannical conduct prohibited, a. 2, /».9.
U.
Unanimity, a. 16, p. 1. a. 79, p. 21.
Unbecoming language prohibited, a. 2, p. 9.
Uniform, — National, a. 65, p. 1, &c. Of cadets, a. 78, p. 116.
Uniformity in quarters, a. 40, p. 9.
Utensils, a. 27, p. 15. a. 40, p.7-
Index.
v.
Vacancies, — In promotion, a. 4, p. 1.
In command, a. 44, p. 5. Valises, a. 32, p. 2. a. 53, p. 9. Varnish, a. 30, p. 3, 4. Vessels of war, — Compliments to,
a. 12, p. 3, 4, &c. Troops on board
of, a. 6, p. 3. Vice-President of the U. S. — Com- pliments to, a. 9, p. 6. a. 10, />. 1.
a. 12, />. 1. Vinegar, a. 27, />. 14. a. 72, />. 31. Visits, — Of inspection, a. 38, p. 8. a.
39, p. 15, &c. 25. Of respect, a.
7, />• 9. To g-uards and sentinels,
a. 43, p. 1. 22. Volunteer corps, a. 1, />. 1.
W.
Wagon masters, a. 46, /». 2. 7. a. 53>
/>. 15, a. 57. p. 2, 3. 8. Waiters, a. 23, p. 8. 10. Watches, — Men divided into, a. 64,
p. 7. 11, 19. Time by, corrected
and propagated, a. 48, p. 15. Watchword, a. 48, p. 7. 17, 18, &c.
a. 52, />. 10. Weights and measures, a. 41, p. 10
a. 69, />. 45. Windsails, a. 64, p. 29. Winter, a. 25, />. 29, 30. Witnesses, a. 69, p 100, &c. Woollen cloth, a. 28, />. 3, &c. Wounded, see Sick, &c.
ERRATA.
In Art. 69, par. 49, (table of Quarters and Fuel,) immediately after 'Brigadier generals," insert Surgeon general, the same allowances. In Art. 41, par. 19, last line, strike out "25," and insert 23. For other Errata, see page 355.
GENERAL REGULATIONS
FOR
THE ARMY.
SECTION I. RANK AND COMMAND.
ARTICLE 1.
Rank of Corps and Regiments.
1. The rank of corps shall be as follows : 1st. The light or horse artillery ; 2d. The light dragoons ; 3d. Other regular cavalry; 4th. The foot artillery; 5th. The infan- try; 6th. Detachments of the United States' marine corps, serving on land ; 7th. The riflemen ; 8th. Volunteer corps; 9th. Militia drafts. — In operations near an enemy, the forces will, nevertheless, be drawn up according to the orders of the general, or other commanding officer.
2. In any particular corps, regiments will take rank among themselves according to numerical order.
ARTICLE 2.
Base of Discipline.
1. It is the intention of the government, that there be established in every regiment or corps, and throughout the army, as one corps, a gradual and universal subordi- nation or authority, which, without loss of force, shall be even, mild, and paternal ; and which, founded in justice and firmness, shall maintain all subordinates in the strict- est observance of duty. It requires that enlisted* soldiers
• Enlisted soldiers — all persons under the rank of cadet, whether in corps of regulars, volunteers, or militia drafts.
[3]
14 Base of Discipline, Art. 2.
shall be treated with particular kindness and humanity ; that punishments, sometimes unavoidable, shall be strictly conformable to martial law; and, that all in commission shall conduct, direct, and protect, inferiors of every rank, with the cares due to men from whose patriotism, valour, and obedience, they are to expect a part of their own re- putation and glory.
2. Under the President of the United States, as com- mander in chief, the following are the grades of army- rank : 1st. Major general ; 2d. Brigadier general ; 3d. Colonel; 4th. Lieutenant colonel ; 5th. Major; 6th. Cap- tain ; 7th. First lieutenant ; 8th. Second lieutenant ; 9th. Third lieutenant ; 10th. Cornet or ensign ; 11th. Cadet; 12th. Sergeant; 13th. Corporal; and the latter shall be superior to all private soldiers, including, under that de- nomination, private musicians, artificers, and the like.
3. The non-commissioned staff of regiments or batta- lions shall take rank as follows : 1st. Sergeant majors next immediately after cadets ; 2d. Quartermaster ser- geants, trumpetmajors, and drum majors, next imme- diately after sergeant majors.
4. The officers of the general staff, clothed with rank assimilated to lineal rank, as those of the adjutant gene- ral's department, and several others, will be considered, in respect to rank, on the same footing as if their rank was lineal.
5. In other departments of the general staff, which give not rank assimilated to that of the line, as in the surgeon general's, &c. &c. subordination shall have place in each department, according to pay proper; the higher the an- nual or monthly pay of any officer therein, the higher his rank in his own particular department. And all persons subject to martial law, and not commissioned, shall be sub- ordinate to any commissioned officer in the service, whe- ther the officer be, or not, clothed with lineal rank, or rank assimilated thereto.
6. No officer of the staff, not having lineal rank, or rank assimilated thereto, shall command any officer whatever having such rank ; but, on the other hand, the former shall be subordinate to the latter, under the following re- strictions: 1st. The commissary general of purchases, the surgeon general, the paymaster general, and the apothe-
Base of Discipline, Principles, $c. Arts. 2, 3. 15
cary general, to general officers only. 2d. An assistant surgeon general, and a deputy commissary of purchases, to any officer not under the rank of colonel. 3d. A judge advocate, a chaplain, and a regimental or hattalion pay- master, to any officer not under the rank of major, unless, (in the case of the paymaster) it be the commandant of his regiment or battalion ; 4th. An assistant commissary of issues, and a regimental full surgeon, to the orders of any officer not under the rank of captain ; 5th. A post surgeon, to any officer not under the rank of first lieute- nant, unless it be the commandant of his particular post.
7. When several commissioned or non-commissioned officers of the same grade find themselves on duty toge- ther, the senior, in either case, shall be the superior.
8. An officer holding a commission from the United States, will command all officers of the same grade, in the service of the United States, who hold commissions from the particular states, without reference to the dates of commissions : and no such state or militia officer, not ac- tually called into the service of the United States, shall command any part of the United States' forces. See 98th article of the rules and articles of war.
9. In all that concerns the good of the service, the go- vernment requires that the superior shall always find in the inferior a passive obedience ; and that all orders given, shall be executed with alacrity and good faith : but, in pre- scribing this kind of obedience, it is understood that or- ders shall not be manifestly against law or reason ; and every superior is strictly enjoined not to injure those un-
Juh\ —der him, by abusive or unbecoming language, or by capri- cious or tyrannical conduct,
• «• • • •
ARTICLE 3-
Principles governing the rank of officers.
1. Questions respecting the rank of officers, arising from the sameness of dates in commissions of the same grade, shall be decided : — 1st. By reference to the relative rank of the parties in the regular forces, (including the United States' marine corps,) at the time the present ap- pointments or promotions were made ; 2d. By reference
16 Principles, 8fc. Succession, Sfc. Arts. 3, 4, 5.
to former rank therein, taken away by derangement, or disbandment ; 3d. By reference to former rank therein, given up by resignation ; 4tb. By lottery.
2. Brevet rank shall take command or effect only in the following cases: 1st. When it renders an officer, pre- sent on duty, with a separate command, comprising troops of different corps, the superior thereof; 2d. In the person of every brevet officer on courts composed of officers of different corps ; 3d. By special assignment made by either the President of the United States, or the general-in-chief of a particular army in the field — whereby a brevet officer may be invested with a separate command comprising troops of different corps, although not previously on duty with it.
3. By the terms « separate command," shall be under- stood : 1st. The army, or a particular army in the field ; that is, an army, the chief of which is in correspondence with the Executive ; 2d. A detachment for temporary or occasional service; that is, a detachment marched beyond the chain of sentinels; 3d. A geographical division or department ; 4th. A particular post.
article 4.
Succession in rank,
1. The Executive will fill original vacancies, when cre- ated, by selection : accidental vacancies, below the rank of brigadier general, by promotion, and according to senior- ity, except in extraordinary cases. <*n. j^irr-i<i
2. Promotions to commissions in the line, below a wp-T* / ^jtti'Hey, will be made by regiments ; to commissions be- tween those of^frpot liomtoncwt and brigadier general, by
^orps ; and no officer shall succeed to a higher rank, until notified of his advancement thereto by the proper autho- rity.
ARTICLE 5.
Succession in command.
1. An officer who supersedes, or succeeds to another, in any command whatever, will consider himself precisely in the situation of the predecessor, in respect to previous
Succession, SfC. Relative rank, <J*c. Arts. 5, 6. 17
orders or instructions (not abrogated) relative to the par- ticular command ; and the successor, although of an infe- rior- rank, shall be authorized to demand to be put in pos- session of such orders and instructions, if they exist in writing, or to be informed of their nature and import, if they exist in memory only.
2. A superior officer, marching or passing by or through the command of another, or temporarily halting or so- journing within the limits of the latter, will not supersede him, or interfere with his duties, except on urgent consi- derations, founded on the good of the service — for the suf- ficiency of which he will hold himself responsible to the next common commander ', and in the case of not assum- ing the command, the superior, whilst in the limits of the particular commander, will give to his police regulations, as in the instance of a post, camp, or cantonment, all due respect and support.
3. An officer relieved in a command, although junior to his successor, shall have the right to demand of the latter, written duplicate receipts (setting forth the state and condition) of every article of public property (for which the relieved officer was personally responsible) turned over with the command. One of those receipts will be remitted to the proper administrative department, and the other retained in the possession of the officer.
ARTICLE 6.
Relative Rank and Precedence of Land and Sea Officers.
1. The military officers of the land and sea services of the United States shall rank together as follows: 1st. A lieutenant of the navy with captains of the army ; 2d. A master commandant with majors ; 3d. A captain of the navy, from the date of his commission, with lieutenant colonels ; 4th. five years thereafter, with colonels ; 5th. ten years thereafter, with brigadier generals ; and 6th. fifteen years after the date of his commission, with major generals. But, should there be created in the navy the rank of rear admiral, then such rank only shall be consi- dered equal to that of major general.
1 8 Relative rank, $'C. Compliments, SfC. Arts. 6, 7.
2. Nothing in the preceding paragraph shall authorize a land officer to command any United States' vessel, or navy yard, nor any sea officer to command any part ot the army on land ; neither shall an officer of the one ser- vice have a right to demand any compliment, on the score of rank, from an officer of the other service. See par. 2. Art. 15.
3. Land troops serving on board a United States' ves- sel, as marines, shall be subject to the orders of the sea officer in command thereof. Other land troops embarked on board such vessels, for transportation merely, will be considered, in respect to the naval commanders, as pas- sengers; subject, nevertheless, to the internal regulations of the vessels.
SECTION II. .MILITARY COMPLIMENTS, OR HOXOURS.
ARTICLE 7.
Compliments : — by individuals as such.
1. Courtesy, among military men, is indispensable to discipline. The good or the brave officer or soldier is always respectful towards superiors. He feels that, in honouring them, he does honour to the service and him- self. His respect will not then be confined simply to martial obedience, but will be extended to other occasions. Thus it is always the duty of the inferior to accost, or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior, to return such complimentary notice.
2. The salutation, among officers in uniform, will be made by touching the cap or hat- with the right hand, without inclination of the head or body ; out of uniform, by uncovering the head. In this case, the inferior would be the last to re-cover the head.
3. The non-commissioned staff and sergeants, when in uniform, will, without halting, salute officers as above; — out of uniform, they would take off the hat, or police cap,
Compliments, Sfc. Arts. 7,8. I 9
and hold it down by the right side until the officer passes or is passed.
4. Every corporal or private soldier will, in general, salute officers in like manner; but, if the officer be a gene- ral, the colonel or other commander of the regiment or post, and the corporal or soldier be in uniform, he would halt, face to, and salute such officer by touching the cap as above, and then remain as under arms for a moment, or until passed. By this form, at the same time the com- pliment is rendered, the individual submits his person to an inspection.
5. Every non-commissioned officer or soldier will, if out of uniform, uncover the head on speaking to or being ad- dressed, individually, by an officer. If in uniform, the cap would be touched, as above, under the same circum- stances.
6. A non-commissioned officer or soldier, being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the ap- proach of an officer, and make the customary salutation. If standing, it would be proper to turn towards the officer for the same purpose.
7. If the parties remain in the same place, or on the same ground, such compliments would not, in general, be repeated.
8. The foregoing cases suppose the inferior to be with- out arms, or with side-arms only. With arms in hand, the inferior would, in reporting, or on receiving orders addressed to him, individually, bring the sword or firelock to a recover.
9. It is required that an officer who calls at head-quar- ters, officially, or calls to make a visit of respect to a su- perior, shall present himself in uniform, unless the latter has been dispensed with by the chief or superior. If not, an apology or explanation will always be tendered by the inferior who makes such call out of uniform.
ARTICLE 8.
Compliments — by guards and sentinels.
1. A sentinel will carry arms to all officers, whether in uniform or not, and present .arms to his particular officer
20 Compliments, Sfc. Art. 8.
of the day, and to any other officer wearing two epaulettes and a sword. The latter compliment shall he paid to any armed body of men passing near a sentinel.
2. A sentinel, seeing himself approached, will halt, face to his proper front, and bring his firelock to a support. From this position he will salute the officer or armed body of men passing near him, if in a direction to be seen with- out turning the head. A guard shall take the same posi- tion, and observe the same rule, when approached by an officer or armed body of men entitled to a salute.
3. All guards, except the personal guards of general officers, turn out and present arms to the particular officer of the day, or to any general officer with sword and epau- lettes, once. On subsequent visits from the same officer, a guard will turn out and stand by its arms.
4. The personal guard of a general will observe a like courtesy towards the general, or any superior general ; and as often as visited or passed by an inferior general officer, or the officer of the day, it will turn out, and stand by its arms.
5. Police guards, and others interior to them, will com- pliment the commandant of the regiment or post respec- tively, in the manner prescribed in paragraph above.
6. A guard will turn out, and present arms to a new guard, or any armed body of men passing in front of itj and if the armed body is marching to music, the drums of the guard will join in the same air.
7. No compliment will be paid by a guard or sentinel between sunset and sunrise ; but, during the same period, guards will turn out, and stand at shouldered arms, on an official visit from the officer of the day, a general, or staff officer.
8. The courtesy of the service requires that officers shall acknowledge, in a suitable manner, all compliments paid to them, whether by individuals, guards, or corps.
9. When a guard presents arms, if it be to the Presi- dent or Vice President of the United States, the drums shall play a march ; if to the Secretary of War, or a ma- jor general, the drums shall beat two ruffles; if to a bri- gadier general, one ruffle.
Compliments, $c. Art. 9. 21
ARTICLE 9.
Compliments — by troops under review,
1. A battalion being in the order of battle, the com- mander will give the caution — The battalion will prepare for review; when the ranks will be opened in the manner prescribed in the Regulations for the exercise and ma- noeuvres of infantry.
2. At the word march, the field and staff officers dis- mount ; all the company officers, the colours, and the ser- geant between them, will advance four paces to the front of the first rank, and place themselves opposite their re- spective positions in the order of battle ; the surgeons' mates, the surgeon, paymaster, quartermaster, and adju- tant, will place themselves on the right of the rank of company officers, in the order in which they are her* mentioned, at intervals of a pace from each other; the ad- jutant, who is on the light, will dress this entire rank ; at the same time, the band (if there be one) will advance through the centre, and place itself in one rank midway between the colours and the line ; the colour guard will re- place the colours, and the quartermaster sergeant and ser- geant major, in the order of their rank, will place them- selves on the right of the front rank of the battalion.
3. The field officers shall superintend the execution of these movements, and, on giving the word front, the co- lonel will place himself eight paces, the lieutenant colonel and majors six paces each, in front of the first rank, op- posite their respective places in the order of battle.
4. With a view to an increased front, when the batta- lion is to be reviewed singly, the division of drummers, with the drum major on its right, may be formed on the right of the battalion ; next, the division of pioneers, with the corporal on its right ; and, lastly, the quartermaster sergeant and sergeant major on the right of the whole.
5. In this parade order, the battalion will await the ap- proach of the personage who is to review it, for whose guide, a camp colour will have been placed some 80 paces in front of the colours, according to the extent of the line, and the plain in front of it.
[4]
22 Compliments, &{C. Art. 9.
6. When the reviewing personage is midway between the camp colour and the colonel, the latter will face about, and command, battalion, -present — arms ; resuming imme- diately his proper front, when the whole will salute, the last motion of the sword to correspond with the last mo- tion of the firelock. The drums or band will beat or play, according to the rank of the reviewing personage ; if it be the President or Vice President of the United States, a march ; if the Secretary of War, or a major general, two ruffles : if a brigadier general, one ruffle. The regi- mental colour alone will be dropped to a brigadier gene- ral; both colours to the Secretary of War or a major ge- neral ; and all colours and standards to the President or Vice President of the United States.
7. If the reviewing officer be under the rank of briga- dier general, no compliment will be paid by either the co- lours or music ; neither will arms be presented to him, if he is inferior in rank to the commandant of the parade. In the latter case, he will be received with arms carried.
8. When the reviewing personage, who has halted till the proper compliments arc paid, advances, the colonel will bring his sword to a carry, face to the line, and or- der, battalion, shoulder — arms; when the whole will remain perfectly steady, except the colonel, who resumes his pro- per front.
9. The reviewing personage now turns off to the right of the battalion, passes thence, in front of all the officers to the left, around the left, and behind the rank of file closers, to the right again. Whilst he is passing around the battalion, no matter what his rank, the drums or band will play, and when he turns off to take his station near the camp colour, the music will cease.
10. When the music ceases, the colonel will face about, and command, battalion, rear ranks, close order — march. At the third word, all persons, except the colonel, who are in advance of their proper places, in the order of bat- tle, will face about, and at the word march, the whole battalion will return to that order, the proper officers re- mounting.
11. If a brigade is to be reviewed standing, the batta- lions composing it will, from the order of battle, assume the parade order, as above. The brigadier and his staff,
Compliments, $*c. Art. 9. 25
on foot, will place themselves as follows : — The first, two paces in front of the rank of colonels, opposite the centre of the brigade, his aid on his right, one pace retired ; other brigade staff officers, if field officers in rank, will place themselves in the rank of lieutenant colonels and majors, behind the brigadier ,• if below that rank, behind him in the rank of company officers. If there are bands of music witli the brigade, they will be united with the drums, and formed in the intervals between the two bat- talions. If there be more than two battalions, and no in- terval in the line behind the brigadier, the music may be placed in any other situation that he may designate.
12. A brigade, thus formed, will receive the reviewing personage in the same manner that he would be received by a single battalion, with a slight difference in the words of command, and the repetition of them, which need not be here noticed.
13. If several brigades are to be reviewed together, or in one line, this further difference will be observed : the reviewing personage, joined by the general of the divi- sion, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line, parallel to its front, and when near the brigadiers respectively, will be saluted by their brigades in succes- sion. The music of each, after the prescribed salute, will play whilst the reviewing personage is in front or in rear of it, and only then.
14. The reviewing personage having taken a position near the camp colour, previously placed at a proper dis- tance, the colonel, or other commander of the line, will cause the battalion or line to pass in review, as is partial- ly prescribed at the end of Sec. V. of the Regulations for the field exercise and manoeuvres of infantry, to which the following paragraphs will be in the way of addition or ex- planation.
15. The column will first pass in common time, and af- terwards, if required, in quick time, in both instances with closed ranks; but, in passing in quick time, no par- ticular salute or compliment will be paid.
16. The line, if consisting of one or more battalions, will break into column of companies, each battalion co- lumn having its music, headed by the drum-major, six paces in front of the colonel, the pioneers, with the cor-
24 Compliments, Sfc. Art. 9.
poral at their bead, four paces in front of the drum major; the quartermaster sergeant in a line with the pioneers, two paces from the then reverse flank, and the quarter- master, paymaster, surgeon, and surgeon's mates, in one rank, four paces behind the file closers of the rearmost company.
17. When within six paces of the reviewing personage, the adjutant will be dressed in a line with the second di- vision of the battalion column, and the sergeant major with the last but one, each six paces from the (then) re- verse flank.
18. Passing in common time, the colours remaining in the ranks, will, at the distance of six paces, again salute the reviewing personage, according to his rank, and the music will cease playing for the drums to give the pre- scribed number of rolls or ruffles, when the same march or air will be resumed or continued, as is directed in the regulations above cited. At the same distance, the officers will salute as they successively come up. The commander of the coluMin, having saluted, will place himself near the reviewing personage, and remain there until the rear lias passed.
19. If the reviewing officer is inferior in rank to the commander of the column, the ruffles or rolls, and the co- lour and sword salutes will be omitted in the passing, as has been directed for the standing review, but the troops would march past — arms carried.
20. When the column has passed, it will return to its original ground, and be wheeled up into line. From this position, such further exercises and manoeuvres will be performed as may be required by the reviewing person- age, and according to a card which he will have handed to the commander of the battalion or line.
21. In performing the required manoeuvres, the camp colour, previously placed in front of the parade, shall be the point on, and from which, they are to be made, al- though the reviewing personage should be occasionally absent from that point.
22. A number of companies, less than a regiment, would be reviewed as a regiment or battalion, and a single com- pany would be reviewed, the captain, &c. in the same po- sitions both in the standing and passing salutes, as if the
Compliments, <§*c. Arts. 9, 10, 11. 25
company were with the battalion. But the company would pass in column of platoons or sections, according to the order of the reviewing personage.
article 10.
Compliments — by the line.
1. The line will turn out in the order of review, the whole on foot, in uniform, and with side arms only, when- ever the President or Vice President of the United States, the Secretary of War, or a general in chief, (having un- der him more than a division of troops,) passes along the front of the camp, previous notice being given. Tiie co- lours, the staff resting on the ground, will be unfurled, each colour bearer holding the staff of his colour with the right hand. The drums will be piled up behind the co- lours. The whole, without paying any particular com- pliment, will remain steady until the personage lias pass- ed down to the left of the line, when it will be dismissed.
ARTICLE 11.
Compliments — by troops in passing each other.
1. Columns meeting in route will each incline to its left, and will pass as in review, each paying to the other the highest compliments. The colours of the one will only salute the colours of the other. Officers will salute as they successively come up with the commander of the other column.
£. If there be not space for them to pass each other, the column commanded by the inferior officer will be wheeled up into line on its own side of the way, and in that order will reciprocate the highest salutes, colours only saluting colours, and the officers of the passing column saluting as they successively come up with the colours of the stand- ing line. In the face of the enemy the above compliments will, of course, be dispensed with. Under the latter cir- cumstance, corps will take particular care not to cut each other in their movements.
26 Compliments, #*c. Art. 12.
ARTICLE 12.
Compliments — by posts, as such.
1. A salute shall be fired by any military separate post, garnished with long pieces of ordnance, from such ordnance, on a visit from either the President or Vice President of the United States, the Secretary of War, or a general officer in command, as follows : — if the visitor be the President or Vice President, the national salute will be fired ; if the Secretary of War; a major general in the command of a particular army in the field ; or a geo- graphical division or department, the salute will consist of fifteen guns ; if a brigadier, in either of those com- mands, the salute will consist of eleven guns ; due notice being given of the intended visit in all cases.
2. In respect to general officers, these further limita- tions will be observed : they will be saluted as above only whilst making the tour of their respective commands, and the same general not oftener than twice a year by the same post.
3. Posts, within gun shot of water, will reciprocate similar salutes, gun for gun, with a ship of war not under the rate of a frigate, in passing, or as soon thereafter as may be agreed upon, but in no case shall the compliment exceed the national salute.
4. If the squadron or ship be American, the inferior, in relative rank, of the two land and sea officers, in the re- spective commands, will fire first the salute agreed upon.
5. If there be several such posts in sight of, or within six miles of each other, the principal only shall recipro- cate compliments with ships passing.
6. The national salute shall be conformable to the num- ber of states composing the Union, one gun for each state.
7. Salutes shall not be fired from calibres exceeding twelve pounders, if it can be avoided, and an interval of from seven to ten seconds will be observed between the guns.
8. The flag of the post, or fort, that fires a salute, and others in sight, will be displayed whilst the salute is firing, and all guards will turn out under arms.
Compliments, $c. Honours, $*c. Arts. 13, 14. 27
ARTICLE 13.
Compliments — to the national anniversary.
1. On every fourth of July, at one o'clock, P. M. a na- tional salute will be fired at every separate camp and post provided with long guns, when, also, if the weather per- mits, the troops will be under arms.
2. If there be several camps or posts so near each other that the firing at the one would be confounded with the firing at another, the salutes will be fired successively, ob- serving an interval of ten minutes between them, and be- ginning at the principal camp or post.
ARTICLE 14.
Honours — to the Head.
1. The commander of any camp or post, on receiving certain intelligence of the death of the President of the United States, shall, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half hour, beginning at sunrise, and ending at sunset. If two or more camps or posts be so situated that the firing at the one would be confounded with the firing at another, that which is commanded by the superior officer will alone fire.
2. Funeral escorts will be composed as follows : for a major general's funeral, a battalion, a squadron, and two pieces of artillery ; for a brigadier's, a battalion and one troop ; for a colonel's, a battalion ; for a lieutenant colo- nel's, six companies ; for a major's, four companies ; for a captain's, two companies ; for a subaltern's, one com- pany ; for a sergeant's, twenty men ; for a corporal's, twelve men ; and for a private's, eight men, with a suita- ble allowance of music in each case — the whole escort on foot.
3. The funeral escorts of staff officers not having rank assimilated to lineal rank, will be regulated according to the qualified assimilation contained in par. 6. Art. 2.
4. A funeral escort will be commanded by an officer or non-commissioned officer of the grade of the deceased, or that next below or above such grade, according to the
28 Honours, $c. Art. 14.
rank of the persons present., but in the case of a deceased private, a corporal will command the escort.
5. The pall bearers, six in number, will be detailed from the grade of the deceased, or from the grade or grades next above or below it.
6. At the funeral of an officer, as many in commission, of the army, division, brigade, or regiment, according to the rank of the deceased, as can conveniently be spared from other duties, will join in procession in uniform and with side arms. The funeral of a non-commissioned offi- cer or private will be attended, in like manner, by the non-commissioned officers or privates of the regiment or company, according to the rank of the deceased, with side arms only.
7. The escort, at shouldered arms, bayonets unfixed, being in line opposite the tent or quarters of the deceased, will receive the coffin with the highest salute. When it has cleared the right of the escort, the latter will break into open column, left in front, and in that order precede the deceased to the grave. Artillery and cavalry, if a part of the escort, will be preceded by the infantry.
8. Before putting the column in march, the commander will cause arms to be reversed, which will be executed by bringing the firelock under the left arm, the butt to the front, the barrel downwards, the muzzle within inches of the ground, the left hand sustaining the lock, and the right steadying the firelock behind the back ; swords are reversed in a similar manner under the right arm.
9. Persons joining in the procession, follow the coffin in the inverse order of their rank, side arms by their sides.
10. The column will be marched to solemn music, and with its pivot flank next to the grave ; when opposite, the commander will cause arms to be shouldered, and the line to be formed.
11. When the coffin is brought along the front, the es- cort will salute it, as before ; and again shoulder arms when it reaches the grave; when, the commander will give orders to prime and load.
12. As the coffin is let down, the escort, including th« artillery, will fire the first round ; and a third, or last, at the moment the interment is ended. The column will be
Honours, $-c. Miscellaneous, Arts. 14, 15. 29
re-formed, right in front, and marched off to music in quick time ; the music not to begin until clear of the en- closure.
13. If there be a chaplain to perform divine service, the escort, after saluting at the grave, will rest on arms, which is done by placing the muzzle on the left foot, bothJiands on the butt, the head on the hands, and the right knee a little bent. In this case, the three rounds will be fired after the interment is ended.
14. On the day on which the general-in-chief of an ar- my in the field is interred, a gun will be fired at every half hour, beginning at sunrise, and ending when the procession moves ; and the whole line present will be un- der arms from the commencement of the procession until the interment is ended.
1 5. When the commander of a regiment falls under its colours, the regimental colour will be faced with black crape four inches in width, and so remain for the space of two months.
16. Officers in funeral processions will wear black crape attached to the hilts of their swords. As family mourn- ing, crape will be only worn by officers (when in uniform) around the left arm.
17. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with black crape or thin black serge.
article 15.
Miscellaneous.
1. Similar compliments to those which are due to a major general, from guards, troops under review, or posts, as such, may be paid to either of the following personages, present by invitation from the commanding officer, to wit : — the chiefs of the Executive Department of the Unit- ed States' government, not before mentioned ; the Presi- dent pro tem. of the United States' Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, the Chief Justice of the United States, and the Governors of states and territories, within their respective geographical limits.
[5]
30 Miscellaneous. Unanimity, Arts. 15, 16.
2. Any compliment or honour due to officers of the land forces may be paid to naval officers, according to relative rank, by order of the commanding officer.
3. Foreign officers, present by invitation from the ge- neral of an army in the field, or the commander of a geo- graphical division or department, may also be compli- mented, according to relative rank, by guards, troops un- der review, or posts, by order of such commander.
SECTION III.
INTERIOR ECONOMY OF REGIMENTS AND COMPANIES.
ARTICLE 16.
Unanimity, or V esprit de corps.
1. A spirit of good will, and even of brotherhood, par- ticularly among the members of the same regiment, are essential to the good of the service, and to establish which the colonel will use the legal power and moral influence belonging to his rank and station. Timely interference to prevent disputes among officers, or to heal them, if they should unfortunately arise ; advice to the young and the inexperienced ; parental reprehensions (in private) of the disorderly, and prompt arrests of the disobedient, are among his surest means of accomplishing those highly important ends, and towards the attainment of which he cannot fail to receive the support of every well disposed officer. — The general deportment of officers towards ju- niors, or inferiors, will also be carefully watched and re- gulated. If this be cold or harsh on the. one hand, or grossly familiar on the other, the harmony and discipline of the corps cannot be maintained. The examples are numerous and brilliant in which the most conciliatory manners have been found perfectly compatible with the exercise of the strictest command ; and the officer who
Unanimity. Instruction. System, $*c. Arts. 16, 17, 18. 31
does not unite a high degree of moral vigour, with that civility which springs from the heart, cannot too soon choose another profession, in which imbecility would be less conspicuous, and harshness less wounding and op- pressive.
ARTICLE 17.
Instruction.
1. The colonel will exert himself to the utmost in the instruction of the entire regiment under him ; he will cause it to execute, frequently, the exercises and movements prescribed for the arm of service to which he belongs, and, more particularly, those which are most likely to be ne- cessary in the presence of an enemy ; he will, at those ex- ercises, direct the field officers and captains, successively, to give, in his presence, the words of command, and su- perintend their execution ; he will march the regiment, successively, two, three, four, and five miles, in hot wea- ther, without halting, to accustom it to service under that circumstance : he will establish athletic, and encourage all manly exercises (including swimming) among both offi- cers and men ; he will cause the latter to be instructed how to clean and preserve their arms, accoutrements, and clothing ; to preserve their ammunition ; to make car- tridges, gabions, and fascines; to form trenches and abat- tis ; to pitch and strike tents ; to pack knapsacks ,• to con- struct camp ovens and kitchens ; to make bread and soups ; and, in general, to do every thing necessary to the health, pride, and efficiency, of the regiment, with a view to a vigorous campaign,
article 18. System of responsibility.
1. The colonel will be responsible to his immediate commander for the good order and efficiency of the regi- ment, and will himself conform to, and cause to be exe- cuted, the military laws, regulations and orders applica- ble to bis command.
System of responsibility, Art. 18.
2. In campaign, when the regiment is divided, he will remain with that part, the position of which lie may judge to he the most important, unless otherwise ordered hy his immediate commander.
3. The organization of a regiment in the order of battlr will be taken as the basis of its division, with a view to interior police or economy. The lieutenant colonel will be charged with the care of the right wing, and the major of the left, under the supervision of the colonel ; and the captains will be immediately responsible to the field offi- cers of their respective wings.
4. Every company will be divided into four squads, and numbered, beginning on the right of the company in the order of battle, and ending on the left, with a non-com- missioned officer at the head of each, who will be imme- diately responsible to one of the lieutenants, among whom the squads will be distributed, as the latter will be to the captain.
5. If there be not a sufficient number of non-commis- sioned officers with the company to take charge of the squads, exclusive of the first sergeant, (who is never to he put on that duty, nor on any other which takes him from the company) privates, the best qualified, will be substituted as lance-corporals.
6. The band will form a separate squad, under its pro- per chief, who will be immediately responsible to the ad- jutant ; or the musicians will fall into the squads of their respective companies, at the discretion of the colonel.
7. As far as practicable, squads will be kept separate, whether in tents or quarters ; and the men of each will be numbered according to their qualifications, in order that the highest in number present, may, as lance-corporal, command the squad in the absence of non-commissioned officers and lance-corporals — and the inexperienced sol- diers will be mixed with the old.
8. The adjutant, assisted by the sergeant major; the quartermaster, assisted by the quartermaster sergeant; the paymaster, assisted by a non-commissioned officer; and the surgeon, assisted by his mates, will be immedi- ately responsible to the colonel in their respective depart- ments of duty. The surgeon will also be responsible to the field officers of the respective wings, that the sick, in
System, <$*c. Appointments, Arts. 18, 19. 33
tents or quarters, do not suffer for the want of medical as- sistance.
article 19.
Appointment of certain commissioned staff officers ; appoint- ment and degradation of non-commissioned officers.
1. Adjutants, quartermasters, and conductors of artil- lery, will be selected by the commander of the regiment or battalion^ and announced in orders. These staff ap- pointments will be held during the pleasure of the colonel or other permanent chief, and cannot be vacated at the pleasure of a temporary commander.
2. The appointment of paymasters is reserved to the executive.
3. It is at all times competent for the commander, when he shall judge that the good of the service requires it, to put an individual of his staff temporarily on lineal duties — that is, when the individual holds rank in the line.
4. In the absence of the permanent staff at head quar ters, a temporary staff may be appointed to act as such. So, if two or more companies be serving together with- out a permanent staff, the commander of the detachment may appoint an acting staff.
5. The non-commissioned staff will be selected by the colonel ; the non-commissioned officers of companies will also be appointed by him, but, on recommendations made by the respective captains, where no strong objection ex- ists to the individuals nominated. In the latter case, other individuals will be offered to the colonel.
6. Every non-commissioned officer will be furnished with a certificate of his rank, signed by the colonel and countersigned by the adjutant, — assimilated, as near as may be, to the commission of an officer.
7. The appointment of every non-commissioned officer will be announced in regimental orders ; after which, he cannot be degraded, except for incapacity, or misconduct proven before a court, and if found guilty of a slight of- fence, the punishment shall not exceed reduction to the ranks.
34 Appointments. Arts. 19, 29.
8. As far as practicable, the selection of company ser- geants shall be made from the corporals. Appointments to the rank of corporal, or promotions to that of sergeant, may be made from one company into another company of the same regiment, having the approbation of the captain into whose company such transfer is made.
9. No appointment or promotion to the rank of non- commissioned officer shall be made in any company which has, at the time, its full proportion of non-commissioned officers, according to the number of privates therein, with reference to the legal establishment.
article £0.
System for encouraging good conduct by the appointment of lance-corporals.
1. The three officers highest in rank present with the regiment, assisted by the adjutant as secretary, will hold a board on the first day of every other month in the year, for the purpose of considering the pretensions of such privates as may offer themselves in person, or may send in their names for the rank and distinction of lance-cor- poral, which shall be accorded to every private, on satis- factory proof that he has been active in the performance of his duties, and exemplary in his general deportment during the preceding six months.
2. This distinction will not change the pay of the indi- vidual, nor exempt him from the duties of a private sol- dier, under which character he will still be borne on all reports and muster rolls ; but it shall give him the com- mand of squads or detachments consisting of privates on- ly, or other lance-corporals, his juniors.
3. A lance-corporal thus appointed will be announced in orders, and shall wear a distinctive badge, after which other privates or lance-corporals, his juniors, shall treat him with the respect due to a corporal, (that is, when he is in command as such,) nor shall he be deprived of his badge, except by the judgment of a court, and if found guilty of a slight offence, the punishment shall not exceed such deprivation.
Appointments. Selections. Arts. 20, 21, 22. 35
4. As far as practicable, the selection of corporals will be made from lance-corporals.
5. Companies stationed at a distance from head quar- ters may, by permission of the colonel, hold boards con- sisting of three officers for the purpose of conferring the rank of lance-corporal as above, or the names of appli- cants may be sent to the regimental board.
ARTICLE 21.
Selection of pioneers.
1. Intrepidity, strength, and activity, are the qualifica* tions which will be considered the most necessary for pioneers, who will be nominated and put in orders, in the manner prescribed for company non-commissioned offi- cers. The colonel will select one of the corporals of the regiment to command them when embodied.
ARTICLE 22.
Selections for flank companies.
1. Activity, lightness, hardihood, and a spirit of enter- prise, are the qualifications to be sought for by the colo- nel in the selection of light infantry and rifle officers and men from the mass of the regiment.
2. On a war establishment, the flank companies will be kept as nearly complete as practicable. Under the other circumstance, selections will be made to keep them up to the average of the battalion companies present with the colours.
3. In time of peace, the colonel, to avoid jealousies, will, as often as practicable, rather fill the ranks of flank, companies by selections from the mass of recruits brought to head quarters, than by selections from the ranks of the battalion companies.
36 Employment of soldiers, <$fc. Art. fl
ARTICXB 23.
Employment of soldiers, as clerks, mechanics, and waiters.
1. As these occupations impair, or derogate from the mi- litary character, they are to be strictly limited and watch- ed; and the designation or employment of men, not non- effective, in the ranks, as standing or permanent clerks ; or the designation of men as permanent mechanics, in cases not expressly provided for, is positively prohibited.
2. If a soldier be required to assist his first sergeant in the clerical business of the company, to excuse him from a tour of military duty, the captain will previously ob- tain the sanction of his own commander (if he has one present) and, whether there be a superior present or not, the captain will be responsible that the man so employed does not miss two successive tours of guard duty by rea- son of such employment.
3. A clerk, required by a staff officer, for occasional office business, will be selected, as far as practicable, with the approbation of his captain ; or, if required by a gene- ral staff officer, with the approbation, in like manner, of the commander next above the captain present.
4. Mechanics may be relieved from ordinary military duty, to make, to alter, or to mend, soldiers' necessaries ; but no soldier shall be so relieved to work for the private benefit of an officer.
5. Captains will cause the men for whose benefit the mechanics have done work, to pay for the same at the next pay day, at the rate previously fixed by the council of administration. See par. 6 and 19. Art. 41.
6. Work done by soldiers, in the intervals of duty, for the private benefit of officers, will be paid for as soon as finished, at the rate previously and voluntarily agreed upon ; and an officer known to have employed a soldier on such work, will be liable to arrest and punishment, as in the case of breach of orders, if he cannot produce a written receipt in full of such payment.
7. Work done by soldiers on necessary furniture for offices and quarters, will not be considered for the private benefit of the officers who use the furniture, if it be report- ed and registered as the property of the United States.
Employment, Sfc. Designation, 8fc. Arts. 23, 24. 37
8. Each company officer, whilst actually with his com- pany, will be allowed to take therefrom one private soldier as a waiter, with the voluntary consent of the latter; and, in the case of a subaltern, with the approbation also of the captain as to the particular man selected. No other officer will be allowed to take a waiter from the line.
9. Occasional voluntary services, rendered by private soldiers, as waiters, in the ordinary intervals of duty, will not be considered as falling under or violating the 6th and 8th paragraphs of this article.
10. Waiters will be exempted from all ordinary duties, excepting one tour of guard duty per month ; but their employers will be responsible that they, and also company clerks, fall into their respective companies at all drills, (when not expressly excused by the commanding officer,) at all reviews, musters and inspections, and as often as a meeting with the enemy is expected.
ARTICLE 24.
Designation and consolidation of companies,
1. At the first organization of a regiment or indepen- dent battalion, the companies will be designated by letters of the alphabet, giving tbe first letters to the flank com- panies, according to the rank of the. respective captains, or, if the rank be not settled, by lottery — and the next highest letters of the alphabet to the remaining companies, on the same principle.
2. Designations so given will be as permanent as the regiment or independent battalion. A change in the rela- tive rank of the captains will of course change the posi- tions of the companies in the habitual order of battle, whether the captains be present or not, but will not change the letters of the companies.
3. When any company, serving with the colours, cannot be kept up to the number of twenty-eight privates, the com- mander will designate a recruiting party, and transfer the remainder of the company to the other companies present. In this case, the captain and the party designated and sent on the recruiting service, would retain the letter of the company, and the books and papers belonging to it—
f6]
38 Designation, %c. Interior Police, dfc. Arts. 24, 25.
excepting such papers as ought necessarily to go with tho men transferred.
4. On the return to the regiment of a company sent on the recruiting service, the colonel will, if he thinks it ex- pedient, re-transfer to it a part of the old soldiers in lieu of as many recruits.
5. In war, the minimum strength of companies, as fixed ahove, may he changed, in any particular army in the field, hy the commander thereof.
ARTICLE 25.
Base of interior police and service.
1. A captain or subaltern, (according to the strength present) will he detailed daily as officer of the day, to watch over the execution of the police of the regiment, whose duties, nevertheless, will not dispense other officers from their habitual attention to similar objects, each within his sphere.
2. A police guard will be detailed daily, having a trum- peter or drummer attached to it, to sound the signals hereinafter prescribed, and such others as may be parti- cularly ordered. See Art. 50.
3. The commandant of the guard will be immediately responsible to the officer of the day, for the security of the prisoners in its charge ; for the tranquillity of the tents or quarters of the regiment; for their safety from fire; and for the due execution of the signals, &c. &c.
4. There will be daily five stated roll-calls. The result of each, except that made at retreat parade, will be ver- bally and promptly reported by the first sergeants to their respective captains, and, by the latter, in case of absence without leave, or desertion, to the adjutant, for the infor- mation of the colonel.
5. At the dawn of day, a signal or call will be made for the music to repair to the regimental parade, and five minutes after the call, the whole will commence the reveille, when both officers and men will rise. As soon as the mu- sic ceases, the first sergeants will call their rolls in front (when the weather will permit) of the tents or quarters of the respective companies, each company being in the ha-
Base of interior police and service, Art. 25. 39
bitual order of formation. In bad weather, permission may be given to make the call in tents or quarters, by the chiefs of squads.
6. The rolls being called, the chiefs of squads will im- mediately cause the men to put their tents or quarters in order ; to sweep the space in front of them, (when the weather will permit) and, in camp, that between the tents and kitchens ; — to water and feed horses ; to dress them ; and to clean the stables or ground on which the horses are picketted. At the same time, the commandant of the guard will cause the tents or quarters of the guard to be put in order, and the space around him to be swept, em- ploying for these purposes the prisoners in preference to the guard. The duties mentioned in this paragraph shall be termed the general fatigue.
7. The result of this roll-call having been reported, verbally, in the first instance, will afterwards constitute the foundation of the written morning reports of- compa- nies, to be handed in to the adjutant before eight o'clock A. M. after being verified by the signatures of the respec- tive first sergeants and captains. The reports will be consolidated in the next hour by the adjutant, for the in- formation of the colonel ; and if the consolidation is to be sent to a higher commander, it will be signed by the ad- jutant and colonel.
8. Fifteen minutes after eight o'clock A. M. the sur- geon's call will be given, when each first sergeant will conduct to the dispensary the sick of the tents or quarters who are able to go thither without prejudice, and, at the same time, hand in to the surgeon a report of all the sick of the company other than those in hospital. The patients who cannot attend at the dispensary, will be, immediately after, if not before, visited by the surgeon.
9. The second stated roll-call will be at nine o'clock A. M. and the third at three o'clock P. M. the former immediately preceding breakfast, the latter immediately preceding dinner. For these purposes, the police drum, or trumpet, will sound appropriate signals, which will be immediately answered by the music of the several compa- nies, by peas on the trencher for breakfast, and roast beef for dinner. At both meals, the roll of each company will be called, before commencing, by the first sergeant, if the
40 Base of interior police and service, Art. L25.
company messes together, otherwise hy the non-commis- sioned officers of the respective squads, and the result, in case of absentees, promptly reported to the first sergeant. The officer of the day will, as often as practicable, make a visit of inspection to the mess-rooms at meal hours.
10. Thirty minutes after peas on the trencher, a call will be sounded for the fatigue party daily detailed for that purpose — (that is, when the number of prisoners confined in the police guard shall be insufficient) to turn out and sweep the regimental parade, and such other parts of the camp or place as were not swept or cleaned after the reveille. This party shall be termed the daily fatigue.
11. In cavalry corps, there shall be a stable-call, forty minutes before noon, for watering, feeding, and dressing horses.
12. For the fourth roll-call or dress parade, a signal will be sounded, thirty minutes before sunset, for the music to assemble on the regimental parade. At the same time, each company will turn out under arms, for inspec- tion by its officers, on its own parade.
13. Ten minutes after that signal, the adjutant's call will be given by the assembled musicians, at which each company will be marched to the regimental parade, and formed in its relative position, ranks opened, arms ordered,. and slanding-at-ease ; the company officers will, at the same time, march out six paces to the front, face about to the line, each opposite to his place therein. The parade will be commanded by a field officer, or the senior officer present, who will take post at a suitable distance in front, opposite the centre, and facing the line.
14. The music will be formed in two ranks, on the right of the line, and from the adjutant's call to the retreat, the band, if there be one, will play.
15. Ten minutes before the setting of the sun, the adju- tant will order the music to beat off, when the whole will commence on the right, beat to the left, and back again to their former position, marching along the front in both instances. The retreat will he concluded by three rolls, at the first of which, the adjutant and company officers will draw swords, and at the last, the company officers will face about from the line.
16. When the music ceases, the adjutant, being on the
Base of interior police and service, Art. 25. 41
right, will command ; — 1st. Attention. 2d. Shoulder — arms. 3d. Right — dress. When he sees all the ranks well aligned, lie will add, 4th. Front, and march along the front to the centre, face to the right, and pass the line of company officers eight or ten paces, come to the right about, and again command — Present — arms.
17. Seeing this executed, he will face about to the com- mander, salute and report, "Sir, the parade is formed." The adjutant will then, on an intimation to that effect, take his station on the left of the commander, a pace re- tired, and put up sword.
18. The commander will draw sword, after acknow- ledging the salute of the line, and command, 1st. Shoulder — arms, 2d. Eyes — right, 3d. Eyes — left, 4th. Front; and such other exercises as he may think proper, con- cluding with order — arms; stand-at-vxsE.
19. On an intimation to call rolls, the adjutant will draw sword, advance upon the line, halt at a proper dis- tance, and order, 1st. First sergeants, to the front, 2d. March. At the first word, they will advance arms ; at the second, march four paces to the front, and halt; when the adjutant will add, 3d. Call — rolls ; at this word, the captains and first sergeants will face to the right about, and the latter execute the command, each under the in- spection of his captain. Both captains and sergeants will then resume their proper fronts.
20. The adjutant will continue, 1st. First sergeants, inwards — face : 2d. To the centre — march. When they meet and close on the centre, (halting as they close) he adds, 3d. Front — face : 4th. Report. At the last word, each in succession, beginning at the right, will bring his firelock to a recover, and report distinctly, " all present or accounted for," " one absent," or the like, according to the fact.
21. The adjutant again: 1st. First sergeants, 2d. Out- wards — face. 3d. To your posts — march. At this word, each will resume his place, and order arms. The adju- tant will now face to the commander, salute and report the result of the roll-call; then, on an intimation to that effect, face about to the line, and read such orders as he may have for the purpose, after the caution — attention to orders; when he will put up sword.
42 Base of interior police and service, Art. "2.5.
22. The reading ended, the adjutant again draws sword, faces to the commander, salutes and reports ; when, on an intimation from the commander, he will face again to the line, ami announce — " The parade is dismissed.'* At this, all the officers put up swords ; the first sergeants will close ranks, and march off their respective companies; the adjutant places himself in the centre, in the rank of company officers ,• the latter face inwards, and close on the adjutant, when the senior captain orders : 1st. Front — face : 2d. Forward — march. When within six or eight paces of the commander, they salute him with the hat and disperse.
23. When the extent of the line renders it difficult for the flanks to hear the orders read at the centre, the com- mander may cause the ranks to he closed, and one or two companies on each flank to he thrown forward, before the caution " attention to orders." In this case, the whole will be thrown hack into line, before the annunciation " the parade is dismissed."
24. All company officers will be present at evening pa- rade, unless specially excused, or on some duty incompa- tible with such attendance.
25. The parade itself may be dispensed with for some special reason, as on account of the weather, or on account of fatigue consequent on a march, or resulting from some particular service.
26. After retreat, when the regiment is in quarters, the chiefs of squads will cause the arms to be placed in the arm-racks, with the accoutrements attached to them. At the same hour, when in camp, the arms will be lodged in the bell-tents or bells-of-arms, if the companies are pro- vided with such tents ; otherwise, the arms will be secured under the same cover that shelters the men. In camp, when the weather will permit, the arms will be stacked after the general fatigue that follows the reveille, and sen- tinels placed over them, to be furnished by the police guard.
27. Ten minutes after retreat, or evening parade, a stable call will be sounded for watering, dressing and securing horses, and for spreading litter.
28. At a signal given, the music will again be assem- bled for tattoo: after which the rolls will be called the fifth
Interior Police, <$-c. Arrests, Sfc. Arts. 25, 26. 43
time, as at the reveille. As soon as dismissed, the chiefs of squads will cause the lights to be extinguished, when the men will retire to rest, and remain perfectly quiet.
29. The signal for tattoo will be sounded at eight o'clock in summer, and at nine o'clock in winter, except for mid- summer, when it shall not be given sooner than thirty minutes after the evening parade is dismissed. During the latter period, the signal for the reveille shall be made at sunrise.
30. In these regulations, the summer will be understood to commence on the 20th of March, and the winter on the 20th of September, each period embracing six months; and midsummer will be understood to embrace that period when the sun is above the horizon at seven o'clock P. M.
ARTICLE 26.
Arrests — confinements.
1. At the head quarters of the regiment, the commander alone will have the power to order an officer into a state of arrest, except for mutiny, or wilful disobedience of or- ders, or for some other offence expressly designated, as in the 27th article of the rules and articles of war. Such arrests will be promptly reported to the commander for his approbation.
2. An application for the arrest of an officer, however formal, is not obligatory on the commander. He will ex- ercise a sound discretion on the subject. But, in all appli- cations for redress of grievances inflicted by a superior, it shall be the duty of a commanding officer, in case he shall not deem it proper to order a court-martial, to give, on a request from the party aggrieved, his reasons, in writing, for such refusal.
3. In ordinary cases, an officer above the rank of cap- tain will be placed in arrest by sealed instructions to that effect, addressed to him. If under the rank of major, he may be placed in arrest by a verbal order, in any case. The sword of an officer in arrest need not be taken from his tent or quarters, under ordinary circumstances. The arrest itself will sufficiently deprive him of the nse of it.
44 Arrests, 6fc. Messing, Arts. 2G, 27.
4. An arrested officer may have larger limits than his tent or quarters assigned him, on written application to that effect, addressed to the commander, at the discretion of the latter.
5. The arrest of an officer or man, serving immediately under another officer, will be promptly reported, or noti- fied, to the latter, by the authority ordering the arrest.
6. Individuals placed in arrest may be released there- from — 1st. By the commander of the regiment, unless the arrest was ordered by higher authority. 2d. By the com- mander of the company, under the same restriction j and further, unless the individual be under guard, in which case the sanction of the authority that detailed the guard would be necessary. 3d. By the officer of the day, imme- diately after guard mounting, in the case of prisoners not confined by virtue of a written charge or accusation, sign- ed by competent authority; the intention of this regulation being, that no individual shall be confined under guard longer than twenty-four hours at the same time, without such charge or accusation. 4th. By due course of trial.
7. On a march, company officers and non-commissioned officers in a state of arrest will follow in the rear of their respective companies, unless otherwise particularly order- ed. Field officers and commissioned and non-commission- ed staff officers, under the same circumstances, will follow in the rear of their respective regiments. Other persons in arrest will be escorted by the police guard, or a detach- ment from it.
8. The arms, &c. of non-commissioned officers and pri- vates in arrest, will be deposited with the first sergeant of the company. On a march, they may be transported with the baggage of the company.
9. An officer under arrest will not make a visit of eti- quette or courtesy to a superior, without express invita- tion ; and in case of business, he would make known his wants by communication in writing.
ARTICLE 27.
Messing.
1. Bread and soup are the great items of a soldier's diet in every situation: to make them well is, therefore, an
Messing, Art. 9.7. 45
essential part of his instruction. Those great scourges of a camp life, the scurvy and diarrhcea, more frequently result from a want of skill in cooking, than from the bad- ness of the ration, or from any other cause whatever. Oihcers in command, and more immediately regimental officers, will therefore give a strict attention to this vital branch of interior economy, with a view to which, as well as to multiply their resources in time of siege or scarcity, they will do well to read the articles "Baking," and "Bread," in the different Encyclopedias.
2. The colonel will frequently cause the quartermaster or quartermaster sergeant to visit the bakery, and to in- spect all the materials of which the soldiers' bread is made. It is also prudent to send occasionally a well qualified man to watch over the process of kneading, to guard against the mixing of cheap but deleterious substances with the dough, as damaged flour, &c
3. No quartermaster or quartermaster sergeant can be deemed instructed in his duties, until he has followed up, once at least, the whole process of converting a barrel of flour into good bread.
4. A barrel, or 196 pounds of flour, when in dough, holds about 1 1 gallons, or 90 pounds of water, 2 gallons yeast, and 3 pounds salt, making a mass of 305 pounds, which evaporates in kneading, baking and cooling, about 40 pounds, leaving in bread weighed, when stale, about 265 pounds.
5. The weight and quality of bread will be frequently and carefully verified. Its quality will be judged by co- lour, smell, and still more, by taste.
6. Bread ought not to be burnt, but baked to an equal brown colour. The crust ought not to be detached from the crum. On opening it, when fresh, one ought to smell a sweet and balsamic odour.
7. In making biscuits or hard brcadj the evaporation >4~£&E £y is about fifty imm pounds, so that the barrel of flour yields ' but one hundred and eighty-two pounds of biscuits. Don- - / ble baked bread loses, in like manner, about nhnntijjfi in r*¥4T r*\ pounds, and keeps much longer than that which is singly / "^ j baked.
8. The troops ought not to be allowed to eat soft bread fresh from the oven, without first toasting it. This pro-
P3
4(3 Messing, Art. 27.
cess renders it nearly as wholesome and nutritious as stale bread.
9. Fresh meat ought not to be cooked before it has had time to bleed and to cool ; and meats will generally be boiled, with a view to soup ; sometimes roasted or baked, but never fried.
10. Fresh meat issued to the soldiers in advance, in hot weather, may be preserved by half boiling it; or, if there be not time for that operation, the meat may be kept some twenty-four hours, by previously exposing it, for a few minutes, to a very thick smoke.
1 1. To make soup, put into the vessel at the rate of five pints of water to a pound of fresh meat; apply a quick heat, to make it boil promptly ; skim oft* the foam, and then moderate the fire ; salt is then put in, according to the palate. Add the vegetables of the season one or two hours, and sliced bread some minutes before the simmer- ing is ended. When the broth is sensibly reduced in quantity, that is, after five or six hours' cooking, the pro- cess will be complete.
12. If a part of the meat is to be withdrawn before the soup is fully made, the quantity of water will be propor- tionably less. Hard or dry vegetables will be put in ear- lier than is above indicated.
13. The choice of water for bread, soup, or for boiling vegetables, is essential. As far as practicable, limpid water, without scent or peculiar taste, and which dissolves soap freely, only will be used. River or rain water is preferable to that of springs, wells or ponds. Hard or dry vegetables, as pulse and rice, cannot be well cooked in water that rests on, or passes over, calcareous earths.
14. Vinegar, particularly in hot weather, is essential to the soldier's mess. Great care will be taken to procure that which is of a good quality; and the surgeons will frequently be consulted on the subject of this article, as on every other interesting to the health jrf.thje»t*»oops.
15. Messes will be prepared by privates of squads, in- y *- -^li4vW5«FU"ivate musicians, each taking his tour; and the
• - greatest care will be observed in scouring and washing the utensils employed in cooking. Those made of brass or copper will not be used, unless, in the case of copper, the vessel be well lined with tin.
w*
\>
Messing. Dress, Sfc. Arts. 27, 28. 4:
16. The chiefs of squads, after yeas on the trencher, will cause the messes of their respective men on guard to he set apart for them, until they arc relieved, and send by the cooks the soup, &c. which may be due them after roast beef. These attentions will never be omitted in cases not provided for in par. 3, Art. 50, and par. 4, Art. 52.
17. The messes of prisoners will be sent to them in a manner similar to the above.
18. The difference between bread and flour being about 33^ per centum on flour, the troops will bake their own bread as often as practicable, and the saving operated thereby carried to the debit of the post or regimental fund. See par. 11 and 14 inclusive, Art. 41.
article 28.
Dress — personal cleanliness and neatness.
1. The uniform of regiments is prescribed in Art. 65.
2. It is essential to cleanliness and health, that the sol- diers should change their linen at least thrice a week in midsummer, and twice a week, (on Sundays and Thurs- days) during the remainder of the year. See par. 30, Art. 25.
3. All the parts of the dress will be kept in a state of the greatest neatness possible. Those which are of woollen cloth will not be washed.
4. White woollen clothes will be cleaned in the follow- ing manner : — extend the garment on a table ; sprinkle it with bran very dry, mixed with a little Spanish whiting ; rub them in well, and beat the garment with a smooth roll or mallet until the dust disappears, then brush it.
5. Spots of dirt and grease, or stains, will be taken out by the application of pipe clay moistened with saliva from an empty stomach. Scratch the place lightly, when it is dry, and then beat it. If the spot remains, moisten it with a little soap and water, and then wash out the soap.
6. To take out spots of tar, dissolve the tar with fresh butter, and then proceed as in par. 5.
7. Spots on scarlet cloth are removed by the application of lemon juice or vinegar.
48 Dress, fyc. Roster, $c. Accoutrements, Arts. 28, 29, 30.
8. Buttons will be cleaned with chalk or Spanish whit- ing, moistened. To protect the cloth during the opera- tion, the buttons will be separated from it by means of a thin board, having a long slit to receive the eyes, termi- nating in a circular aperture, through which the buttons arc passed. Every squad will be provided with such boards.
9. When on fatigue or police parties, the soldiers will not be permitted to wear their parade dress.
10. Laundresses employed to wash soldiers' clothes will be paid by the piece, according to a rate previously fixed by the council of administration. See par. 6 and 19, Art. 41.
11. Non-commissioned officers, in command of squads, will be held more immediately responsible tbat their men strictly observe what is prescribed above ; (par. 2 and 9 inclusive ;) that they wash their hands and faces daily — habitually, immediately after the general fatigue ; that they, at the same time, shave themselves (if necessary,) and brush or comb their heads; that, afterwards, those who are to go on duty, put their arms, accoutrements, dress, &c. in the best order, and that such as have per- mission to pass the chain of sentinels, arc in the dress that may be ordered.
article 29.
Roster ; or details of service.
See Article 49.
ARTICLE 30.
Accoutrements,
1. Buff or white leather will be cleaned as follows: First method. Take several handfuls of bran, and boil it in water, which afterwards draw off clear ; make a paste of pipe clay with this water, and, when cold, apply it to the buff. Second. Take pipe clay and steep it a quarter of an hour in pure water ; change the water, and dissolve
Accoutrements, Art. 50. 49
a sufficient quantity of soap in it. This mixture is recom- mended for the cleaning of buft' or white leather. Third. Clean the buff with a brush dipped in clear water ; leave it to dry in the shade; take white lead, steeped at least twenty-four hours in pure water, (several times changed, to deprive the lead of its corrosive quality,) and, by means of a brush, put on as many coats of this whiting as may be necessary, taking care to let each coat dry in the shade before another is added. The whiting should be temper- ed with water so as not to be too liquid or too thick.
2. Cartouch boxes will be kept polished with varnish, or blacking. The former is preferable, as the polish it gives will last several years, if protected by a cover, or case, and occasionally aided by the application of a little oil to the inside of the leather.
5. To make blacking, melt a pound of white bees' wax, and add to it about an ounce of gum arabic ; pour a part of the wax on an ounce of ivory black, and mix them well together; place the whole on the fire; stir the composition gently until it simmers, then strain and mould it.
4. If white wax cannot be had, yellow may be substi- tuted ; but in this case the quantity of gum arabic will be nearly doubled ; that is, something less than two ounces will be necessary. When ivory black cannot be had, that procured from grape vines may be substituted.
5. If the cartouch box is new, the entire surface will be scraped, and afterwards rubbed smooth with pumice stone, to receive the blacking, which will be laid on strongly and equally, exposing each coat to a light blaze from a few very dry straws, before another is applied, taking (are to warm the wax, and not the leather. Each coat of blacking will be rubbed in with a polished bone, or some other hard smooth substance, and when the last coat is quite even, polish it with a piece of fine, smooth cork ; then, when cold, wipe the surface with linen, or fine cloth ; and finally, rub it lightly with the palm of the hand, to make it shine.
6. Old boxes, which are greasy, or which. refuse a po- lish, will be scraped with a knife, after exposing them to a blaze, as above, when they will be polished anew.
50 Preservation of Arms, Art. 31.
ARTICLE 31.
Preservation of Arms,
1. Fire arras arc xevy liable to be damaged*, or render- ed unfit for service, under the operations of dismounting, cleaning and remounting ; to guard against which, with the exception of the flint-screw, not a screw nor a pipe will he moved by the soldier, without express permission from the proper authority ; and the non-commissioned officers of squads will be habitually charged with the care of the screw-drivers, ball-screw, and other similar imple- ments appertaining to the respective squads.
2. If there he an armourer present, he alone will be en- trusted to dismount, or take to pieces the lock, or to re- mount it. A hand-vice will be necessary in this opera- tion, and great care required in the compression of the springs.
3. Anvil dust well sifted through an old stocking, and moistened witli sweet oil, or emery, will be employed to remove rust, and very soft wood for rubbing or polishing. In cases of necessity, brick dust, sifted and moistened with oil, may be suhstitutcd for emery or anvil dust.
4. When the barrels of the arms are not brown, great care will be taken, in rubbing them, to prevent bruising or bending. The barrels ought never to be rubbed Jength- wise, particularly without being laid flat on a board or table.
5. Brass mountings will be cleaned with fine brick dust moistened with vinegar, and all the parts of the firelock will be carefully wiped after cleaning.
6. The bore of the firelock will, at all times, except in exercise, be secured against the weather by means of a tompion. After firings, it will be necessary to wasb it out, to wipe it dry, and then to pass a bit of cloth, slightly greased, to the bottom.
7. In these operations, a rod of wood, with a loop in one end, is to be preferred. The ramrod is never to be employed if it can possibly be avoided.
8. The soldier, to secure his firelock against approach- ing dew or rain, will carefully oil the metallic parts, wip-
Preservation of Arms, Art. 31. 51
ing the oil off when the weather brightens. A rind of fresh pork, without salt, may he well substituted in this opera- tion for a cloth steeped in oil. See par. 26, Art. 25.
9. Under the same circumstances, he will place the lock cover or case, (made of leather) as a particular se- curity for the lock.
10. With a view to action, it is important that the fix- ture of the flints should be carefully examined. They will he fixed with a view to effect, more than to uniformity ; thus, it may be frequently necessary to place the flat side up, on account of the relative height of the cock and hammer.
11. The thick end of the flint will always he enveloped in a bit of sheet lead, (or a bullet hammered out,) cut to a shape corresponding with the part of the cock which re- ceives it. After being closely screwed, the cock ought to be let down gently, to ascertain whether the edge of the flint strikes fully and equally the surface of the hammer. The lock will never be snapped without express permission. The flint ought to strike at the distance of about a third of the length of the hammer from the top.
12. In firings, the soldier will frequently cast his eye on the flint, and promptly correct any derangement which may take place in its fixture.
13. For exercise, each soldier will keep himself pro- vided with a bit of wood as a substitute for a flint.
14. The following vicious practices, connected with the substance of this article, are not to be permitted or tole- rated : — using the ramrod to turn the flint-screw ; heat- ing the ramrod, under the pretence of enlarging its canal in the lower part of the stock ; cutting or filing any part of the stock, under the pretence of making the firelock tell or resound in exercise; putting oil on screws which let into wood, instead of tallow ; displacing the butt-plate and the trigger-guard, — they ought to be cleaned on the stock ; polishing the barrel with the ramrod ; sticking the bayonet, fixed or unfixed, into the ground ; and finally, all other similar practices which go to injure the firelock or any of its parts.
5-2 Knapsacks and liavrcsacks, Art. 32.
ARTICLE 32.
Knapsacks and havresacks.
1. If these be too heavy, the soldier will be fatigued in marching, and encumbered in exercise or action. If they are taken oiF on approaching the enemy, the loss of them is almost certain, whether he pursues or is pursued. They therefore will be worn on such occasions, unless the con- trary be expressly ordered by the highest in rank in the field ; and to remedy the other evils or inconveniences, those equipments ought to be light, of a convenient form, and so adapted to the body as to give the least possible fatigue or constraint.
2. Knapsacks, valises, &c. will be carefully and fre- quently inspected, and if found on a inarch to contain any thing beyond the necessaries hereinafter mentioned, such excess will be thrown away.
3. The necessaries which will be allowed to each knap- sack are as follows : — two shirts, a pair of socks or stock- ings, a handkerchief, a pair of shoes, a blanket, a forage cap, a fatigue apron, a spoon, some blacking, some whit- ing, a bit of greased cloth, and, in latitudes or seasons in which linen pantaloons are worn, one pair of pantaloons.
4. There will be allowed, in addition, per squad, four brushes, a shaving case, a flask of oil, two button-boards, some cork, and a polisher, (for cartouch-boxes,) and four ball-screws, to be distributed among the knapsacks of the squad. Knives, combs and screw-drivers, may be car- ried in knapsacks, but, near the enemy, the screw-drivers ought to be more at hand.
5. The necessaries will be put into the knapsack in such manner that those most in use, or first wanted, may be most at hand. Each garment will be rolled or folded, and compressed into the smallest space. The blanket will be folded to a size corresponding with the flap, and placed between it and the knapsack.
6. Great coats, allowed the troops in certain latitudes, will, when not actually worn, be neatly rolled, (beginning at the collar,) strapped, and buckled on the knapsack, in an uniform manner. Small tin kettles, or stew pans, will,
Knapsacks, <$*c. Colours, Sfc. Arts. 32, 33. &3
also, be buckled on the knapsacks on a march. Those of a larger size will be carried in the hand by the privates (in rotation) to prevent injury to the dress or appoint- ments.
7. Havresacks will be strictly confined to their proper destination, to wit : — the reception of provisions issued in advance. To prevent blood or grease from injuring the dress through the havresack, the soldier will wrap his meat in cloth, paper, or leaves, and place his bread on the inner side. Havresacks will be frequently washed.
ARTICLE 33.
Colours — Drums.
1. In the night, the colours or standards will always be kept furled, and cased in oil-cloth, and also during the day, except when approaching the enemy, at reviews, in- spections, and on other occasions of show.
2. In barracks and cantonments, they will be lodged in the quarters of the commandant. At all other times, when not carried, a sentinel will be placed over them, with strict instructions to prevent removal, handling, or injury. This sentinel will be furnished by the police guard.
3. Drums, when not slung for beating, will be cased, and at all times protected against the weather as far as practicable. At the same time their cords will be slack- ened.
4. The drummers will be furnished with a piece of sheep-skin, dressed with the wool on ; (the colour of the wool to correspond, as nearly as may be, with that of the pantaloons) as a guard to the left thigh, and fastened around the waist, and at the knee, by means of straps and buckles.
5. When in camp, the colours will be planted ten paces in front of the centre of the regiment, and the drums piled up behind them. See par. 11, Art. 47.
[8]
54 Ammunition. Marking, Sfc. Ai-ts. 34, 35.
ARTICLE 34.
Ammunition.
1. Service ammunition, issued to the troops, will be charged against them, and, to prevent waste or injury, the boxes will be inspected twice a day, and particularly at evening roll-call. Each man will be made to pay for the rounds expended without orders, or not in the way of duty, or which may be damaged by his neglect. Ammu- nition will frequently be sunned.
2. After guard dismounting, the arms will be discharged at a target erected for the purpose, and if thefe be not one, the charges will be drawn, and the powder and ball de- livered over to the quartermaster by the non-commission- ed officers of the squads or guards.
3. At no time, and under no pretence, are the arms to be left charged when the men are off duty, or not in ex- pectation of an attack, as the most fatal effects would fre- quently follow a neglect of this injunction.
4. Ammunition issued for exercise will be carefully in- spected, to guard against accidents. This security will be much aided by making up blank cartridges in paper of a colour different from that used for service ammunition.
ARTICLE 35.
Marking of public property, and of individuals9 necessaries.
1. Arms numbered by the manufacturer may be suffi- ciently designated by such number, without other marks.
2. United States' horses and draft cattle, in the use of a regiment, or of individual officers, will each be brand- ed with the letters « U. S." on some conspicuous part The same letters will be placed on public carriages of every description, and on these the number of the regi- ment will be added to the letters " U. S."
3. Knapsacks, havresacks, water flasks, (or canteens,) tents, and other camp equipage, will be conspicuously marked with the number of the regiment, the letter of the company, and a running number for each description of
Marking, $c. Injunctions, $c. Books, Arts. 35, 36, 37. 55
article. The tents of the field and staff officers will each be similarly marked, with the rank of the occupant.
4. The same marks as in the case of knapsacks will be placed on the inside of accoutrements.
5. In charging the foregoing articles of property, or of equipment, in the proper books, the marks will be noted.
6. All soldiers* necessaries will be durably marked, as far as practicable, with the number of the regiment, the letter of the company, and the names of the individuals to whom they appertain.
7. Officers' trunks, cases, portmanteaux, and the like, will also be particularly designated by the names and ad- ditions of their owners.
article 36.
Injunctions in respect to standing interior regulations, or orders.
1. No officer in the temporary command of a regiment (or garrison) shall make any interior regulation, or stand- ing order, for the government of it, which shall contradict those established by the colonel, (or, in the case of a gar- rison, the permanent commander) without the express approbation of the general, or other officer next in com- mand.
2. The same principle will be applied to companies.
article 37.
BOOKS. 1. Subdivision.
Besides the roster of officers and companies, the adju- tant, under the direction of the colonel, and assisted by the sergeant major, will be charged with the keeping of the following books, viz.
1. General order book. This will contain the entry of all orders, circular letters, &c. from any authority exte- rior to the regiment. A proper number of pages at the end of the book will be appropriated to an index, showing
56 Books, Art. 37.
the date and purport of each entry ; hy whom or what de- partment issued; date of reception, and page of entry.
2. Regimental order book, for the entry of regimental orders, with an index.
3. Description and succession of officers. This hook will contain the names, hy rank, of the officers, showing the dates of appointments or promotions ; dates and places of birth; dates of first commissions in the army; and to whose vacancy each has succeeded. It will be kept in a regular form, with a column for remarks, to show how the officers cease to he members of the regiment. A part of the book will be appropriated to the registry of the non- commissioned officers, according to rank ; and an alpha- betical index of the names of the whole will be given at the end of the volume.
4. Description of enlisted soldiers. This volume will, ac- cording to a regular form, embrace the names of all per- sons in the regiment, other than officers, following the order of enlistments, with the dates and terms of enlist- ments ; from what corps received ; ages ; descriptions of persons ; places of birth ; and former trades or occupa- tions. In a column for remarks will be noted promotions, internal transfers, and how each man ceases to be a mem- ber of the regiment. Index as in number 3.
5. Letter book, which will contain entries of all official letters, written by the commanding officer, or by his or- ders, relative to the matters of this subdivision. Index at the end.
6. Return book. This will contain exact copies of all monthly returns, made up at the beginning of each month, for the preceding month, and according to the prescribed form. The book will be printed in blank.
7. Morning reports. Apply what is said under No. 6 to this book, substituting morning reports for « monthly re- turns."
8. Registry of furloughs .-—that is, of all furloughs. One part of the book to be appropriated to the officers, and the other part to enlisted soldiers. The entries to give the name of each person to whom leave of absence is granted ; by whom ; for what period; and the place at which orders may find him; — to which will afterwards be added, the date of his return to the regiment or duty.
Books, Art. 37. 57
9. Description of deserters; to be printed in blank, ac- cording to a prescribed form.
10. Court martial book; to contain a correct entry of the proceedings of every regimental court martial, to be signed by the president thereof, and countersigned by the commander of the regiment, as approved, with a copious index at the end.
11. Registry of deceased soldiers. To ensure accuracy and fidelity in the settlements with their relatives, a book of this denomination will be kept, into which will be in- serted the name of the soldier; the place, date, and cause of his decease ; the amount of his private effects, and the sums due him at the time of decease, in pay proper, and extra pay for public work done according to regulations.
12. Record book will state the period and circumstances of the original formation of the regiment; means by which it has been, from time to time, recruited ; stations at which it has been employed; periods of arrival at, and departure from, such stations ; the battles, or other military opera- tions, in which it has been engaged, together with any particular achievement ; names of officers killed, and the name of any individual, without regard to rank, who may have, in a peculiar manner, distinguished himself on such occasions: the badges, or devices which the regiment may be permitted to bear; any particular alteration in clothing, arms, accoutrements, colours, horse-furniture, and the like, with dates ; the alterations which may be made in its composition, as the introduction or suppression of flank companies, and the like, and its establishment in respect to legal complement. With a view to historical accuracy, all those entries will be made under the eye of the com- mander, and, from time to time, attested by him.
13. Description of horses. This book will contain a re- gistry of the age, height, colour, &c. of the United States* horses in the use of the regiment; the names and residence of the persons of whom purchased : or, if received from other regiments, or some branch of the staff, the fact will be specified, together with date of reception. In a column for remarks, will be shown how each horse is lost, or dis- posed of. This book will not be necessary in foot regi- ments. The few public horses, &c. employed by them, occasionally, will be registered by the quartermaster.
58
Books, Art. 3t.
These thirteen books will be of two widths, or 12 inches for the larger size, and about 8£ for the smaller ; and of two lengths, or \7\ inches for the first, and 13 inches for the other. Each book will contain a quantity of paper,
according to destination.
For security, and the convenience of portage, the thir- teen volumes will be put up in a strong case, of suitable dimensions, with spare spaces, and of the following form :
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The door will be made to turn on hinges at the bottom, and thus serve as a portable desk.
The placing of the figures in the above form, shows the length of the books, represented by those figures.
2. Subdivision,
In a similar manner, the quartermaster will be charged with the keeping of the books described in this subdivision.
1. An account of clothing; 2. An account of accoutrements, firms-, and ammunition; 3. An account of fuel, forage, and contingent disbursements; 4. Account current book, showing,
Books, Art. 37. 59
in detail, the distribution of all articles of supply, made by the quartermaster, to the several companies. 5. Letter book — No. 2, will be kept in the artillery, by the conduct- ors of artillery. Those books will show how each article is distributed or expended, and the last book will contain entries of all letters written by the commanding officer, or by his orders, relative to those matters.
3. Subdivision.
The books to be kept by the paymaster are as follows : 1. Account book; showing the receipt and expenditure of all public money confided to his care; 2. Letter book; to contain entries of all official letters written by the com- manding officer, or by his orders, relative to the business of the pay-office.
4. Subdivision.
For the books to be kept by the surgeon, see Art. 73.
5. Subdivision.
The following books will be kept by every commander of a company in the service. 1. Memorandum book; in which each soldier will be debited with the issues made to him ; that is, with such articles as he is to account for, by exhibition, under the penalty of paying for them, and such as he is, as a matter of course, to pay for, by stoppage from his pay. 2. The ledger; to be made up in the form of debtor and creditor, at the end of every second month in the year; that is, just before every pay day, with a view to a general settlement. All the entries made in the memorandum book will be fully posted in this, which will oe kept in two parts ; the first appropriated to such issues as the soldier is to pay for, as a matter of course; and the second to those for which he is liable to account, in the case of loss or injury by reason of neglect or misconduct. On ascertaining, by the sentence of a court martial, or the admission of the soldier, such loss or injury, the amount, in dollars and cents, will be carried over to the debtor side of the first part, which will also embrace all other
60 Books. Organization, $c. Arts. 37, 38.
sums the soldier may be so sentenced to pay or refund. Each issue, and each settlement, will be signed by the sol- dier, as an acknowledgment of its correctness. 3. Order book; this will contain entries of all orders required to be read to the men ; also, an account of the men furnish- ed for duty, by detail. 4. Description book, to corre- spond, in respect to the company, with No. 4, first sub- division. 5. Captain's book; this will exhibit the supplies of every kind which are received, from time to time, by the commander on account of the company — balanced as often, by abstracts of issues or expenditures taken from the ledger. 6. Description of horses ; for troops or compa- nies furnished with horses. This book will correspond, in respect to the company, with No. 13, I. Subdivision.
SECTION IV. ECONOMY OF DEPARTMENTS AND POSTS.
ARTICLE 38.
Organization of Departme?its.
1. In order to embrace the regular and militia forces of the United States, in the service and pay of the general government, and with a view to the national defence, the President of the United States will, from time to time, ar- range or designate the limits of geographical commands or departments, to correspond with the several military frontiers and the distribution of the troops.
2. Besides the troops of the line serving therein, there will be assigned to each commander of a department a number of general staff officers, proportioned to circum- stances ; but the officers of the corps of engineers, of the ordnance, and of the topographical engineers, who may be serving within such department, (and also detachments of the United States' marines,) and not assigned as above, shall not be diverted from their ordinary or peculiar du-
Organization of Departments, Art. 38. 61
ties, except in some unforeseen case of public exigency. See par. 2. Art. 5.
3. The commandant of each department shall, if prac- ticable, (which practicability will always be presumed, unless otherwise specially decided by superior authority) make two circuits of inspection and review yearly, em- bracing all the posts within his command, unless specially permitted by the said authority to substitute, in respect to some of the posts, the inspector general, or some other well qualified officer, having at least the rank of major.
4. The first of these circuits will be made during the three spring months, and the second during the three months of autumn, the objects of which will be : to ascer- tain, critically, the state of the several bodies of troops under the heads of discipline, police, instruction, service and administration, within the command ; to ascertain whether the several branches of the administrative depart- ments of the staff, under his command, be well executed ; to point out, on the spot, all defects or irregularities under either of the above heads, and, in case the inspecting offi- cer be superior in rank to the delinquent, to cause him to be arrested, or (according to the nature of the case) to give such other orders as may b& necessary to correct, promptly, the defect or neglect observed.
5. If the inspecting officer be junior to the commander of the post or corps, where the delinquency, in any of the foregoing cases, occurs, the commandant of the de- partment will apply the proper remedy on receiving the report of the particular inspection.
6. Other objects of these tours of inspection Mill be, to make the commander of the department and the govern- ment, well acquainted with the frontier defences of the command ; with the repairs which these may, from time to time, require ; the new works or posts which may be necessary under probable contingencies ; the resources of the neighbouring country in subsistence, forage, means of transportation, &c. &c. ; and finally, with the communica- tions and distances between proximate posts by land and water.
7. The terms police, discipline, instruction, service, and administration, will be understood, technically, as fol- lows : —
[9]
62 Organization of Departments, Art. 38.
8. Police, interior and exterior. 1st. Interior police : system of prevention, to assure the presence, comfort, healthiness, and efficiency of the troops or corps. Guards, patrols, fatigues, roll-calls, visits, inspections — are its means; and the following may be enumerated more in de- tail among its objects: — the preparation of the men's messes; the condition of camps, quarters, camp equipage, arms, ammunition, equipments, clothing, and other neces- saries in use ; the condition or keeping of military horses, &c. their equipments, harness, stables and forage ; the condition of all carriages in the use of the army ; the or- der or condition of hospitals, prisons, arsenals, magazines, store-houses, and sutlers' shops or stalls; and finally, the condition of the books or papers (which each corps and company ought to possess) containing the regulations, or- ders, &c. for the government of the troops or army. 2d. Exterior police presupposes a state of war, and regards the tranquillity of the camp or post against false alarms; the exclusion of improper persons, as spies ; the conduct of suspicious persons, as deserters, the bearers of flags of truce, &c. ; and, finally, it regards the safety of the camp or post against surprises.
9. Discipline. Correction, or the enforcement of sub- ordination ; the award and infliction of punishment con- sequent on a breach of that subordination, that is, conse- quent on a neglect or breach of some duty. This strict sense is employed in contradistinction to the general or popular one which makes discipline include also police and instruction.
10. Instruction. This is divided into theoretical and practical. 1st. By theoretical instruction will here be understood, more particularly, the study or knowledge of the laws, regulations and orders for the government of the army, and the regulations of exercise for the different arms of service, as the cavalry, infantry, &c. The scien- tific instruction and general attainments of the superior officers, engineers and others, however indispensable or useful, are not within the immediate contemplation of these regulations. 2d. Practical instruction ; mode of, and dexterity in, executing the several objects of theoretical instruction.
Organization of Departments, Art. 58. 63
11. The theoretical and practical instruction of both officers and troops will be exemplified to the inspecting officer, in many particulars, by the prescribed reviews and inspections, (see Art. 9 and 39,) and he may further require the performance of any of the duties mentioned in par. 1, Art. 17, and in fact, will generally require such performance in respect to field trenches, abattis, gabions, fascines, ovens and kitchens, (specimens of each may be prepared before the arrival of the inspecting officer, per company) and also in respect to tents. Theoretical in- struction, understood as above, and which cannot be prac- tically exemplified, as in the case of abattis, tents, &c. with convenience, may be put to the test by questions raised for the purpose, touching any prescribed duty un- der the laws, regulations, &c. for the government of the army or some particular corps thereof; as thus: — What is the first duty of an officer commanding a grand guard after taking up his post ? (See par. 14. Art. 52.) — Com- manding the escort of a convoy, and being attacked, — what would be your dispositions for defence ? (See Art. 56.) Who are to be considered prisoners of war ? (See par. 5. Art. 60.) &c. &c. Indeed it is only by questions of this kind, put to the younger officers promiscuously, that one can be assured, in time of peace, that they have studied those regulations, &c. which are peculiarly applicable to a state of war. But no superior officer shall thus be in- terrogated by any junior, although the latter may be the particular inspecting officer.
12. Service. By this term will be understood ; 1st. The distribution of duty among the integral parts, or among the individuals of the same army or corps, as by the roster, including the execution of the duty ; 2d. The assignment of duty according to its nature, as among the several branches of the staff, or among the several arms of service, including its execution.
13. Administration, in its comprehensive sense, will be understood to mean, the just direction and economical application or expenditure of the several sums of money appropriated by Congress for the army, or military de- fence of the country on land. These objects are enforced by a good system of responsibility for the several paying
64 Organization, <$*c. Inspections, Sfc. Arts. 38, 39.
or administrative departments, or officers, securing alike fidelity to the troops and to the government. See Art. 69, 70, &c. &c. Interior administration of corps — a branch of the above is here more immediately under contemplation. Thus limited, it particularly regards the regularity of payments made to the troops j regularity in issues or sup- plies of subsistence, clothing, and all other allowances ac- corded to the troops ; and finally, the quality of those ar- ticles.
14. A detailed report of each circuit of inspection and review will be made to the adjutant general of the army, including all the posts or bodies of troops, under the se- veral heads of police, discipline, instruction, service, and administration : — also including every thing new or im- portant relative to the objects mentioned in par. 6, above.
15. The report of the first circuit will be despatched in time to reach the War Department by the 15th day of the succeeding July, and that of the second circuit by the 15th day of the succeeding January.
16. The customary place for the head quarters of each department will be designated by the major general, with the assent of the War Department, and, previous to a tour of review and inspection, the commandant will report to him the time at which he expects to commence the tour ; the order in which he proposes to visit the posts ; and the probable time of arrival, and detention at each. He will also take such measures, or leave behind him such instructions, that extraordinary communications may reach him with the least delay practicable, whilst absent from his habitual head quarters.
article 39. Form and course of Inspections, 8[c.
1. The inspection of the troops will generally be pre- ceded by a review, the form of which has been prescrib- ed under Art. 9. The present example embraces a regi- ment of infantry. The inspecting officer, and the field and staff officers, will be on foot.
Form and course of Inspections, Sfc. Art. 39. 65
2. The battalion being in the order of battle, and all the men of each company standing contiguous to each other, — on an intimation from the inspector, the colonel will cause the regiment to break into open column of companies, the right in front, each company entire. He will next order the ranks to be opened, at which the co- lours and colour guard will, under the conduct of the ad- jutant, be placed ten paces ahead of the column.
3. The colonel, seeing the ranks aligned, will add : Officers and non-commissioned officers, to the front of your companies — march ; on which the officers will form them- selves in one rank eight paces, and the non-commissioned officers in one rank six paces, in advance, along the fronts of their respective companies, in the order of rank, the highest on the right, and the lowest on the left ; the pio- neer and music of each company at the same time take post two paces behind the non-commissioned officers.
4. Seeing the last order in a train of execution, the colonel will command — Field and staff, to the front — march. The commissioned officers thus designated will form themselves in one rank six paces in front of the co- lours, and in the following order, beginning on the right: — Lieutenant colonel, major, adjutant, quartermaster, paymaster, surgeon, surgeon's mates. The non-com- missioned staff form themselves in a similar manner, two paces in the rear of the preceding rank. The band, if there be one, will be formed in one rank ten paces in the rear of the column, the chief musician four paces in its front.
5. The colonel will now take post on the right of the lieutenant colonel ; but such of the field officers as may be superior in rank to the inspector, will not take post as above.
6. The inspection will commence in front. After in- specting the dress and general appearance of the field and commissioned staff under arms, accompanied by these officers, the inspector will pass down the open column, looking at every rank in front and in rear with a view to the same objects, viz— dress and general appearance un- der arms.
7. The colonel will now command : order — arms ; stand- at— ease : — for the whole column j when the inspector
66 Form and course of Inspections, $c. Art. 39.
will proceed to make a minute inspection of the several ranks or divisions in succession, commencing in front.
8. On approaching the non-commissioned staff and the band, the adjutant will give the necessary orders for the inspection of knapsacks. In like manner, in the case of the colour guard, &c. he will give the orders for aims, boxes and knapsacks. To enable the colour bearers to display their knapsacks, after bringing the colours to an order, (as arms are brought to an order after inspection) they will be planted firm in the ground. This division being inspected, the adjutant may direct the arms to be piled, and the non-commissioned officers to disperse, until the colours are to be escorted back to the place from which they were taken. The non-commissioned staff may be dismissed as soon as inspected.
9. As the inspector successively approaches the com- panies, each captain will command : — attention, Spring — ramrods ; Shoulder — arms ; Open — pans ; when the in- spector will commence with those of the non-commissioned officers, and go through with the whole company. The captain will then add, open — boxes; See "inspection of arms," Field exercise, Sfc. of Infantry.
10. The boxes having been inspected, the captain will next command: — attention, shoulder — arms; front rank, right about, — face ; rear rank, close order — march ; trail — arms ; pile — arms ; front rank, right about, — face ; rear rank, open order — march ; unsling — knapsacks ; stand-at — ease.
11. The knapsacks will be placed at the feet of the men, the flaps from them, with the great coats on the flaps, and the knapsacks leaning forward on the great coats. In this position, the inspector will examine the contents of the whole, or of as many as he may think ne- cessary, beginning again with the non-commissioned offi- cers, noticing, in passing, the tools, &c. of the pioneers, and the drums of the musicians.
12. As the inspector passes the companies, they will, successively, under the orders of the respective captains, re-pack and re-sling knapsacks, resume their arms, and file off to their tents or quarters, excepting the company that is to re-escort the colours, which will await the fur- ther orders of the colonel.
Form and course of Inspections, Sfc. Art. 39. 67
13. In an extensive column, some of the rearmost di- visions might, after the inspection of dress and general appearance, be permitted to pile arms, awaiting the ap- proach of the inspector. In this case, such divisions would resume the position above supposed, before the mi- nute inspection.
14. If the troops are to be mustered with a view to pay- ment, it will be done after the inspection, when the in- junction contained in the latter part of par. 23. Art. 44, will be strictly observed. The original or proof roll of each company by which the muster is made, with the re- marks and verifications in the hand writing of the inspec- tor, will be the check on the duplicates or triplicates to be made out by the captains for the signature of the muster- ing officer.
15. The inspection of the troops ended, the field and staff will next accompany the inspector to the hospital, magazine, arsenal, quarters, sutler's shop, &c. &c. The captains and subalterns will precede him in his visits to their companies and sections respectively.
16. The hospital is at all times an object of the most particular interest. No neglect or defect, under this head, will be overlooked or tolerated.
17. The surgeon will show the inspector the wards, the patients, bunks, dispensary, kitchen, &c. &c. The whole will be carefully inspected.
18. On entering the company-quarters, the inspector will be received by the men arranged around their cham- bers, standing. At the word — attention, given by the non-cornmissioned officer of the squad, the men, if in uni- form, will compliment the inspector by the hand salute ; if not in uniform, by taking off forage caps.
19. The inspector will examine the general arrange- ment of the interior ; the bunks and bedding ; cooking and table utensils, &c. &c. ; and afterwards the exterior neat- ness of the quarters.
20. The adjutant will cause the sergeant major to ex- hibit to the inspector the regimental office, or books and papers. In like manner, each captain will cause those of the company to be exhibited to the inspector whilst he is making the tour of the quarters.
21. In the inspection of the quarters, &c. as well as in
68 Inspections, Sfc. Troops in quarters. Arts. 39, 40.
that of the troops under arms, the inspector will make written memoranda, on the spot, or cause one of his staff to do so, of every defect or neglect observed, together with any particular excellence that may strike his attention.
22. On these memoranda will be founded the censure or commendation which may afterwards be given in or- ders ; and also the semi-annual confidential report made to the War Department.
23. The commander of every regiment or post, will make similar inspections of hospitals, magazines, quarters, &c. &c. ; also of arms, clothing, &c. monthly, and as much oftener as may be deemed necessary.
24. Captains will do the like on every Sunday morning, and the lieutenants of sections on every Thursday morn- ing, each in regard to his company or section respective- ly; and the surgeon will make a thorough inspection of his hospital, &c. every Sunday morning.
25. Besides those inspections, daily visits will be made to the quarters of their men, or patients, by the officers mentioned in the preceding paragraph respectively ; and the colonel, or other commander, will make frequent ge- neral visits, in the course of the month, to the men's quar- ters, the hospital, guard-house, &c. &c.
ARTICLE 40.
Troops in quarters.
1. The interior police, service, &c. of regiments and companies, have been prescribed in Sec. III. which will apply, as far as it goes, (with a few obvious exceptions,) to garrisons, or other troops in quarters. Under this ar- ticle will be noticed some circumstances peculiar to the latter ; that is, to troops in barracks, or cantonments.
2. The chambers in the same building, or set of build- ings, will be numbered in the same series, and the num- bers inscribed on the outer doors.
3. The name of each soldier will be labelled on his bunk, in the place the most apparent, and the number which he bears in his squad, (see par. 7, Art. 18,) placed against his firelock and accoutrements. The arms and accoutre-
Troops in quarters, Art. 40. 69
ments of non-commissioned officers will, in like manner, be designated by the rank and name of each.
4. Fire arms will be habitually placed, (the cock let down, and the bayonet in its scabbard) in the arm-racks; the accoutrements suspended over the firelocks ; swords hung by the belts, on pegs.
5. The knapsack of each man will be placed on the lower shelf, at the foot of his bunk, ready to be slung and charged with his effects, excepting such as are habitually in use. The latter will he arranged and placed as fol- lows : The great coat, rolled and strapped, on the same shelf; the coat and vest folded, inside out, under the knapsack ; the cap in its labelled case, on the second or upper shelf; shoes, after being well cleaned and tied to- gether, soles out, hung on a peg over the bolster.
6. Dirty linen, &c. will generally be kept in an appro- priate part of the knapsacfe^the men not to be allowed to put any article whatever under the bedding.
7. Cooking and table utensils, after being well cleaned, will be arranged in closets or recesses. Blacking, whit- ing, and brushes, will be placed as much out of sight as practicable ; the whiting pot well covered. When there is a necessity of keeping a supply of fuel in the chambers, it will be put in boxes near the lire places.
8. Bread will be placed on shelves prepared for the pur- pose. Fresh meat hung out at the back windows on hooks — but not in the sun.
9. When circumstances do not permit a strict observance of the foregoing dispositions, the spirit of them will be ad- hered to, in order to establish a convenient uniformity in all the chambers, — uniformity which facilitates inspec- tions; favours neatness and comfort; and enables the men to find promptly all their equipments and effects. Accord- ingly, as often as the troops change quarters, a chamber will be established as a model for the others.
10. Unless under special circumstances, Saturdays will be more particularly appropriated to police. The chiefs of squads will cause bunks and bedding to be over-haled ; floors to be washed, sanded, or scoured, according to or- ders ; tables and benches to be scoured ; arms to be clean- ed ; accoutrements to be whitened and polished ; and every
[10]
?u Troops tu quarters. Sutlers, fyc. Art. 40, 41.
tiling else to be put into the most exact state of order and neatness.
ARTICLE 41.
Sutlers — Council of administration.
1. The comfort or well-being of the troops, particular- ly of those at remote stations, require that the business of sutling should receive a character of permanency, fair- ness, and respectability, which heretofore it has not al- ways possessed. In this view it is proper to give to sut- lers a definite and respectable rank, and to subject their business to lixed and uniform regulations; in order to se- cure competent supplies of necessaries for botli officers and men; fairness of dealing with the latter; a moderate but certain profit to the sutler, «fd a freedom from imputed secret interest on the part of those who supervise this im- portant branch of interior economy.
2. Accordingly, there shall be one sutler for every mili- tary post, who shall have the exclusive privilege of sut- ling with the troops thereof, and (to cause him to be re- spected by the enlisted soldiers) a rank assimilated to that of cadet, — but the said rank not to entitle him to pay or emolument in any shape as cadet, nor to subject him to be commanded beyond the immediate line of his duties, nor to entitle him to command except in defence of his person or property.
3. The appointment of sutlers will be made by the Se- cretary of War, on such recommendations as he may deem sufficient; but in case of non-appointment, accidental va- cancy, or suspension, the commanding officer of the post may appoint. — Such appointment to be immediately re- ported to the Secretary of War, and to remain valid until his pleasure be made known thereupon.
4. Every sutler shall hold his appointment during the pleasure of the Secretary of War, for the time being; hut besides his amenability to a general court martial, for capital offences, he may be suspended or wholly dismiss- ed from the privilege of sutling, by the sentence of a gar- rison or regimental court martial, duly approved by the
Sutlers — Council of administration, Art. 41. 71
officer ordering the court, — on proof of a violation of any of the provisions contained in this article, or other conduct prejudicial to the troops, or to good order and military discipline ; — the punishment to he, suspension or dismis- sion, according to the nature and degree of the offence : to which may be superadded, in the case of conviction for conduct highly prejudicial to the troops, a fine not ex- ceeding twenty-five cents, for every enlisted soldier at the post, and imprisonment until the fine he paid.
5. For the exclusive privilege accorded to the sutler above, he shall be assessed, and held to pay at the end of every two months, or oftener, as may he determined by the council of administration hereinafter mentioned, at the rate of not less than ten cents and not more than fifteen cents per month for every officer and enlisted soldier- serving at the post : — the monthly average number of such persons to be determined, equitably, by the said council.
6. For the purpose of carrying the provisions of this article into effect, and such others as may be prescribed, the commander of the post shall, from time to time, but at least once in every two months, call a. council of ad- ministration, to consist of the three individuals next in rank to himself, and a fourth to act as secretary; — which council shall cause its secretary to minute in a book to be kept for the purpose, its proceedings and transactions — to be submitted to the commanding officer for his approval or disapproval, and orders or remarks thereupon.
7. If there be not a sufficient number of officers, under the commander, to constitute the council, senior non-com- missioned officers may be substituted to make up the de- ficiency.
8. If the commanding officer approves the acts and de- cisions of the council, the general result will be publish- ed in orders for the government of all persons concern- ed. If he disapproves, and sends back the proceedings, and the council, after giving due weight to his objections, shall unanimously adhere to the first decision or decisions, the same shall be considered as final, and be published in orders, as in the case of approval by the commanding officer.
72 Sutlers — Council of administration, Art. 41.
9. The secretary of each meeting, after entering the whole proceedings of the council, in the council book, to- gether with the final order of the commanding officer thereupon, will deposit the book with the latter. The pro- ceedings, he. will be authenticated by the signature of the president and secretary of the council. In like manner, the approval, or objections of the commanding officer, en- tered in the book, will be signed by his own hand.
10. The council shall have power, from time to time, to prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing, small equip- ments, or soldiers' necessaries, groceries, &c. &e. which the sutler may be held bound to keep on hand, to supply the probable wants of the officers and men at the post ; — to examine the sutler's books and papers, and, on actual inspection, to fix the tariff, or prices of the said goods, or commodities ; — to inspect the sutler's weights, mea- sures, &c. &c.
11. The assessments and fines imposed on, and collect- ed of, the sutler, under par. 4 and 5 above, shall consti- tute the basis of what shall be called the post fund, which fund shall be under the exclusive administration of the council.
12. The money will be collected by, and held in the hands of, a treasurer, who shall be the paymaster, if there be one at the post — otherwise, some discreet officer, to be appointed by the commander.
13. The treasurer shall open an account with the fund, subject to the inspections of the commander and the conn cil, and make payments, or purchases, on the warrants of the commander; which warrants shall only be drawn in pursuance to specific resolves or decisions of the council.
14. The following are the objects to which the fund will be more immediately held pledged, and in the order in which they are mentioned. 1st. Immediate or temporary relief to indigent widows and orphans of officers or sol- diers. 2d. Immediate or temporary relief to deranged or decayed officers, or to infirm or disabled soldiers, dis- charged under circumstances which may not entitle them to pensions from the government. 3d.* The education of soldiers' children at the post school. 4th. The purchase of books, &c. for a library, one section of which, to be
Sutlers — Council of administration, Art. 41. 73
adapted to the wants of the enlisted men. 5th. The main- tenance of a post hand, &c. &c.
15. The tariff fixed, as above, shall he hung up in some conspicuous place, in the sutler's shop or stall, for the in- formation of all concerned. The prices, so limited, shall not be exceeded : neither shall the sutler make any differ- ence, as to price, between the officers and enlisted men, either on cash or credit sales.
16. The sutler shall not credit any enlisted soldier, with- in the same month, (as January, February, &c.) to an amount exceeding one half of his monthly pay, without the express sanction, in writing, of the man's company commander; neither shall he sell, or give, to any enlisted soldier, even the smallest quantity of distilled, vinous, or fermented liquor, without such sanction.
17. The consideration payable under par. 6, being a highly valuable one, the commanding officer will lend his authority, as often as may be necessary, to protect, with- in his local command, the exclusive privilege so purchased by the sutler; and no further tax or burden, in any shape, beyond what is herein authorized, will be imposed on him. Accordingly, if there be a suitable spare building at the post, it shall be freely accorded to the sutler. If there be no such house, he will be freely allowed to erect one suit- able to his purposes.
1 8. In consideration of the premises, it is also proper that every facility should be afforded to the sutler, in the collection of the just debts contracted to him, within the limitations of this article. Accordingly, the paymaster, when about to make payments to the troops, will always notify the sutler, in order that he may take his place at the pay -table with his books or accounts ; and, at least one officer per company will be held bound to attend the pay -table, if practicable, on a like notice from the pay- master.
19. If the soldier admits the amount demanded by the sutler to be just, it will be handed to the latter as a mat^ ter of course by the paymaster, and deducted from the pay of the soldier. If the account be disputed, the sutler «hall be required to produce the due bill, or written ac- knowledgment of the soldier, duly attested, which shall be sufficient, as to the then settlement But the company offi*
74 Sutlers — Council of administration, Art. 41.
cer and paymaster will be required to see that the stop- pages on account of government be first made ; next, the just accounts of laundresses presented and resting on equal evidence to that required in the case of the sutler, (see par. 10, Art. 28.) The accounts of tailors, &c. (see par. 5, Art. 2?,) would follow those of the sutler.
20. The foregoing stoppages, except those on account of government, need not be noted on the pay and receipt rolls; it will be sufficient that the soldier gives to the pay- master a receipt in full ; that his creditors, abovemention- ed, be satisfied ; that he receives a proper acquittance on account of those payments, and that he receives the ba- lance, if any, of his pay : the whole settlement being made openly andunder the guardianship of his officer.
21. If the troops be removed, or a part of them detach- ed from the post, leaving unsatisfied debts due to the sut- ler, he, or his agent, shall, on demand, be admitted to the pay-table at the next settlement with all such men, and with the same rights, &c. as in par. 18 and 19.
22. If an individual leaves the post on furlough or on command, the commanding officer of his company will note on the descriptive roll the amount demanded by, and which may appear to be due to, the sutler, in order that the same may be stopped by the paymaster making the next payment, in case the soldier should be settled with whilst absent from the post. In such case the paymaster shall make the stoppage and transmit the amount to the sutler.
23. In the case of the death or desertion of any enlist- ed soldier, at the time a debtor to the sutler, the latter would submit his demand to the council of administra- tion ; — whose duty it shall be, in every such case, to re- ceive and audit the account, and if satisfied, on unequi- vocal evidence, that the debt was justly due, at the time of the death, or desertion, the said council shall certify accordingly.
24. Such accounts, so certified, and made out by com- pany, and transmitted by the sutler to the paymaster ge- neral, shall entitle him to receive from the latter the amount ascertained, out of any arrears due to the de- ceased or the deserters, at the time of decease or deser-
Sutlers, Sfc. Assembly, Sfc. Arts. 41, 42. 75
tion, without waiting, in the case of deceased soldiers, for the ordinary process of administration in a civil court.
25. If the troops at the post consist of detached com- panies, and the companies are about to be separated, that is, one or more to be removed to another post and one or more to remain, it shall be the duty of the com- mander, previously, to call a council of administration, to make an equitable distribution of the post fund re- maining unexpended. In this case, he would detail senior officers to compose the council, so that its members might fairly represent the whole.
26. If all the companies are to be detached, and to dif- ferent posts, a similar course would be pursued, not only in respect to the post fund unexpended, but also as to the objects purchased out of the fund ; as the library, instru- ments of music, and the like.
27. In this article mention has heretofore only been made, of the connexion between sutlers and troops serv- ing at posts, whether in regiment, detached companies, or parts of companies. But it is also necessary to provide for the connexion of a sutler with a regiment, whilst the latter is on marches in the interior, or during a campaign, or whilst on board transports.
28. Accordingly, a sutler appointed to a regiment would be permitted to follow its head quarters, generally, under any of the circumstances above supposed ; to all of which the provisions of this article would be extended, substi- tuting regiment (or regimentalj for the word " post," as often as the latter occurs, except in par. 26 and 2# which are not intended to apply to a regiment, under any cir- cumstances. See Art. 59.
ARTICLE 42.
Assembly — inspection and parade of guards.
1. All guards will be turned off at noon, except when a different how- is appointed by the commander of the army, troops, or post, on account of the heat of the weather, or some other special reason.
2. Thirty minutes before that hour a signal will be made for the details to turn out, when the men from each com-
T6 Assembly — inspection, §c. Art. 4:2.
pany will be inspected by the first sergeant, under the su- perintendence of an officer of the company.
3. Ten minutes after the preceding signal, a second will be sounded, at which the first sergeants will conduct the company details to the regimental parade, each detach- ment for the same guard taking post on the left of that which preceded it, (under the direction of the adjutant,) in open order, arms shouldered and bayonets fixed. The adjutant, as he successively accepts the detachments, will dismiss the supernumerary men under the conduct of the respective first sergeants.
4. The guards are either organized on the regimental (or garrison) parade, or, according to the nature of the case, partly on that, and partly on the grand parade. In the latter case, the senior officer of the details, or guards furnished by each regiment, and intended for the grand parade, will conduct them /rom the regimental parade. On arriving at the grand parade, each detachment will take post in the order above prescribed, under the direction of the staff officer from head quarters, or his assistant, the adjutant of the day.
5. The adjutant of the day will accompany the details of his regiment to the grand parade, and will be replaced on his own parade by the second officer of the new police guard, if there be two ; by the commander, if there be but one ; and if there be no officer of that guard, by the ser- geant major. The regiment that furnishes the adjutant of the day will also furnish the music for the grand parade.
6. TTte officer of the day will always be present at guard mounting ; no other, except a general officer, will interfere with, or give any order on the parade, to ;he staff officer on duty there. The commander of the troops (or garrison) though under the rank of general, is, of course, an excep- tion to this rule.
7. The following form regards, more particularly, the grand parade. With a few obvious variations, it will equal- ly apply to the regimental parade.
8. When the detachments, or guards, open ranks, the officers of them take post twelve paces in front of the cen- tre, in one rank, in the order of seniority, and with swords drawn ; the sergeants in one rank, four paces in the rear
assembly — inspection, fyc. Art. 42. 77
of the officers ; the corporals in another rank, four paces in the rear of the sergeants.
9. The adjutant of the day will dress the line, count the files, verify the details by reference to the written orders, and tell ofT the guards, whilst the other staff officer appoints the officers and non-commissioned officers to the several guards, and designates the posts which they are to occupy. The larger guards, if necessary, may be told off into pla- toons.
10. The staff officer will next command: officers and non-commissioned officers, outwards — face: inspect your guards — march. The two highest in rank of each guard will divide the ranks between them, accompanied by the other officers, &c. The commander of each guard will give the necessary words of command for the inspection of arms and boxes. See par. 9, Art. 39.
11. The inspection ended, the officers and non-commis- sioned officers take post, considering each guard as a company of a battalion, in open order, under review.
12. The staff officer will now command : the troop — 1 beat off; when the music will pass down the line to the left, and back to the right ; it will then cease to play, and resume its position. The last command will be the signal at which the new officer of the day will take up his posi- tion, at a suitable distance in the front of the parade, hav- ing the old officer of the day on his right, or reverse side, a pace retired.
13. The staff officer will continue — attention; shoulder — arms : rear ranks, close order — march : present — arms j at which word he will face to the new officer of the day, drop sword and report, " Sir, the guards are ready to re- ceive your orders." The new officer of the day, after ac- knowledging the salute, will direct the staff officer what is next to be done. But, if the staff officer should be se- nior to the officer of the day, he would report without sa- luting with sword, and immediately retire. In this case, the adjutant of the day would be instructed to give the or- ders contained in the following paragraph, or the officer of the day would give them himself.
14. The guards having performed such exercises as were required by the officer of the day. the staff officer will again command : guards, (or platoons J right wheel—*
[11]
•
78 Assembly, $*c. Service, §'C. Arts. <*~,
march : column, support — arms : forward, guide to the right — march ; when the whole will pass the officer of the day in the manner prescribed for passing in review, in common time, (par. 18, Art. 9,) the staff officer, (if still present on duty) marching on the (then) reverse flank of the first division, and the adjutant of the day on that of the last division, or, in the absence of the staff officer, the adjutant of the day would be dressed on the first division.
15. When the column has passed, the guards break off under their respective commanders, and take the route to the several posts assigned them ; at the same time, the two staff officers break off, or the remaining one breaks off; the music ceases, and the old officer of the day salutes and gives the old, or standing instructions, to him who relieves him. See par. 1, Art. 5.
16. Guards which are assigned to new posts will be conducted to, and established in them by the officer of the day, and the staff officer or officers detached from head quarters for the purpose.
17. In bad weather, the ceremony of turning off guards on the usual parades may be dispensed with by the officer of the day, and the inspection be made under shelter. Also, in the case of guards which may have to mount in the night, or at the close of the day, after fatiguing marches, the ceremony of turning off will be dispensed with, but that of inspection never.
ARTICLE 43.
Service of guards in their posts.
l. Every guard will be superintended by the officer of the day under whom it mounts, who will visit the guard and its sentinels once before sunset, and again between midnight and day-break, and as much oftener as may be necessary, or may be required. With a view to this su- perintendance, the officer of the day will always call at the proper head quarters for new instructions immediately before guard mounting, and he will give particular instruc- tions to the commanders of the guards under him, where he may probably be found at any time during the twentv- four hours.
Service of guards in their posts, Art. 43. 79
2. Habitually, guards will be relieved daily, and senti- nels every two hours. Each guard will be divided into three or more reliefs, according to its strength, or the number of sentinels to be furnished ; and the service equal- ized among the reliefs according to the principle, the long- est off post, the Jirst on.
3. In freezing weather, and also near the enemy, sen- tinels may be relieved hourly, or oftener. Frequent re- liefs will serve the purpose of patrols, and also to keep the men more on their feet, and on the alert, when near the enemy.
4. The commander of the guard, as soon after arriving at his post as practicable, will cause a roll to be made of the guard, by reliefs, and, in detaching a relief, will de- signate the post that each sentinel is to occupy, which posts will be numbered. The most steady and experienced will be placed over the arms, (that is, at the body of the guard) and at the remote points ; the others in the inter- mediate or neighbouring posts, so that they may be more under the instructions of the officers, &c.
5. No sentinel will be posted so distant as not to leave the guard the power of hearing him, either directly, or through the intermediate sentinels.
6. Before a relief marches, it will be presented to the commander of the guard, who Mill assure himself that the arms are well loaded and primed, and the flints well fixed. These precautions will be particularly attended to during the night, and, if near the enemy, in the day time also.
7. A guard will turn out under arms for inspection and roll-call as often as a relief is detached, and remain form- ed until the old relief returns.
8. The relief corporal will, on returning to the guard, present the old sentinels to the commander, and render an account of every thing material that has occurred during the relief. A similar course will be observed by the com- mander of a patrol.
9. A sentinel on post will always keep himself very much on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within the reach of his sight or hearing. He will never quit his arms, but move about briskly on the walk assign- ed him, and occupy himself solely with his duties, without noise, and without speaking, except when necessary.
80 Service of guards in their posts, Art. 43.
10. He will habitually carry his firelock supported, the bayonet fixed. In wet weather, if there be no sentry box, he will secure Jirelock.
11. He will not suffer himself to be relieved except by the relief corporal, or some other superior of his guard, or by some officer of the army whom he well knows to be such.
12. If a quarrel or other disorder happens near him, he will call out, the guard! which being repeated up to the guard by the intermediate sentinels, the commander will send a non-commissioned officer with several men to en- force order. If a fire breaks out, he will cry Jire!
13. If, in either of the foregoing cases, the disorder or danger is great, and the sentinel is remote from the guard, he will first discharge his firelock in the air, and then call out as above.
14. A sentinel who, under some urgent necessity, wish- es to be relieved for a few minutes, or before the regular hour, will call out, relief corporal ! when the latter, with a sentinel, will be sent to relieve him.
15. The sentinel placed over the arms, that is, at the body of the guard, when he sees a guard or other detach- ment, a general or other officer entitled to a complimentary notice, approaching, will call, turn out the guard! For the compliments to be paid by guards, see Art. 8.
16. A sentinel placed over the colours will suffer no person whatever, under the rank of officer, to touch them, unless it be the colour-bearers of the regiment, or a non- commissioned officer of the sentinel's guard.
17. If placed over a stack of arms, he will suffer no person to touch them, except by order of some officer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. '
18. If placed over prisoners, he will suffer no person whatever, under the rank of officer, to communicate with them, unless it be a non-commissioned officer of the guard; nor will he suffer the prisoners to leave their place of con- finement. If necessary, he will in either case call out, post corporal!
19. Placed over a magazine or arsenal, or over supplies of any kind, he will call for the post corporal, if any per- son under the rank of officer wishes to enter the former, or to touch the latter.
Service of guards in their posts, Art. 43. 81
20. The commander of the guard will not suffer his men to take off their accoutrements, or wander more than twenty paces from the post. Water and other necessaries will be sent for by a non-commissioned officer and some men, with arras if near the enemy.
21. During the day, the reliefs off post may be permit- ted to rest themselves as much as may consist with safety, but during the night no individual will be suffered to lie down or to sleep, on any account, if near the enemy, nor at any other time, unless it be expressly permitted by the officer of the day.
22. The commander of the guard will, in person, occa- sionally visit his sentinels during the twenty-four hours, and between the reliefs they will generally be visited by a patrol, consisting of an officer, if there be two on the guard, otherwise a non-commissioned officer; and, in ei- ther case, a file of men ; to make the sentinels repeat their instructions ; to correct the instructions, if they be defec- tive ; to inform the sentinels under what circumstances and at what signals they are to retire on the guard ; and finally, to place or displace them, as may be decided by the commander of the guard.
23. Immediately after retreat, the commander of the guard will give out the countersign, &c. to the sentinels on post; and if there be some smaller guard detached from, or dependent on, his own, he will send the counter- sign, &c. to it a few minutes earlier.
24. The officer of the day will be responsible that the guards under him receive the parole, countersign, &c. be- fore retreat. The interior guards, that is, guards inside the chain of sentinels around the camp, or inside a for- tress, need not receive a countersign, unless it be so or- dered expressly by the commander of the troops or gar- rison.
25. The sentinels commence challenging immediately after receiving the countersign. No sentinel will suffer any person to approach nearer than the point of his bay- onet until he has received the countersign, placing himself in the position of charge bayonet for that purpose.
26. A sentinel will be instructed to challenge by calling out, Who comes there? If he is answered, Friend, with the countersign, and the sentinel is instructed to pass persons
82 Service of guards in their posts, Art. 43.
with the countersign, he will reply, Advance friend with the countersign; if the challenge is answered, Relief patrol, rounds, or grand rounds, he will reply, Stand! Advance corporal, (or sergeant) and give the countersign; and sa- tisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to he. If the sentinel is answered in the first manner, and has no authority to permit a person to pass him even with the countersign, or if he is answered in any manner other than is above prescribed, he will call out, the guard! in order that the relief corporal may be sent to decide on the case. So would he call out, the guard! if the countersign given should be wrong, in either of the other cases sup- posed above.
27. When the officer of the day wishes to make his grand rounds, he will repair to the body of the guard, give the parole to the officer commanding it, assure him- self of the presence and condition of the men, and demand an escort proportioned to circumstances ; — generally, a non-commissioned officer and a file of men.
28. Grand rounds will also be made by general officers and officers commanding corps or garrisons, when they shall judge proper, or a staff" officer may be detached from head quarters for that purpose ; but such persons will be careful to notify the officer of the day of all material in- structions which they may find it necessary to give to a guard whilst going the grand rounds. In like manner, all material instructions given to sentinels on post by per- sons entitled to make grand rounds, ought to be promptly notified to the commander of the guard.
29. On the approach of the new guard, the old will take a position the most convenient for the ceremony of reliev- ing. Guards under twelve men, or six files, will be form- ed in one rank ; of or above that number, in two ranks.
30. The new guard will take the position in relieving which may be designated by the senior of the two com- manders ; but, near the enemy, such position shall not place the two guards front to front, nor the rear of either towards the enemy. For the compliments to be paid on this occasion, see par. 6, Art. 8.
31. The new guard having taken its position near the old one, and both standing at shouldered arms, the officers and non-commissioned officers will advance to meet each
Service of guards in their posts, Art. 43. 83
other respectively, when the new will take the instructions of the old. See par. 1, Art. 5.
32. The commander of the new guard will designate a corporal or sergeant, to be termed post corjwral or post sergeant, to take possession of the guard-house or tent, and its furniture, also, other articles (or prisoners, as in the case of a police guard) in the charge of the guard.
33. The new post corporal, (accompanied by the old) will note any new injury which may have been commit- ted, and point it out to the new commander, on whose re- port the relieved commander will be held responsible.
34. The commander of the old guard will have prepared for the signature of the commander who relieves him, an inventory of the property or articles in the charge of the guard, also a roll of the prisoners in its custody.
35. The first relief having been designated, the com- mander of the new guard will order it two paces to the front, wrhen the new relief corporal will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels in the order hereinafter prescribed, accompanied by the relief corporal of the old guard, who will take command of the old sentinels when the whole are relieved.
36. A corporal commanding a small guard may call to his aid, in performing the foregoing duties, a lance-cor- poral, if there be one under him, or an old soldier; and any commander of a guard may, when the sentinels are numerous, designate more than one relief corporal, or or- der a sergeant to take charge of a relief. .
37. During the time of relieving sentinels, and of call- ing in the small posts, the commandants of the two guards will, near the enemy, visit together the avenues leading to the post, the old commander giving to the new all the in- formation he may possess relative thereto, or relative to the enemy.
38. The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having rejoined it, it will take up its march, the drums, &c. of both guards beating a march, unless music be pro- hibited at the outposts, on account of the nearness of the enemy.
39. On arriving at the camp or post, the commander of the old guard will, if it consists of several detachments, break it up accordingly, and send each to its regiment or
84 Service of guards in their posts, Art 43.
company, under an officer or non-commissioned officer- See par. 2, Ait 34.
40. On rejoining their companies, the chiefs of squads will examine the arms and other appointments of their men returning from duty, and cause the whole to be put away in the accustomed good order.
41. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the commander of the new will cause his guard to face about, to recover arms, and to place them in the arm-racks, or on a traverse, that is, a pole supported by two forks. If there be neither convenience at the post, the arms will he stacked.
42. The commander will immediately after read over the general and particular instructions for his post, if there be such in writing; next visit his sentinels to ascer- tain, and (if necessary) to correct, the instructions they have received; and question, in a similar manner, the officers and non-commissioned officers under him, relative to the instructions they may respectively have received from the corresponding persons of the old guard.
43. A relief, with arms supported, and formed in two ranks, will march to a flank, headed by the corporal ; but, if of twelve or more sentinels, the relief will be formed in two sections.
44. The sentinel at the body of the guard will be first relieved and left behind; the one most distant will be next relieved, and the