{"language": "en", "segments": [{"text": " [...]", "start": 0.0, "stop": 29.88, "id": 0}, {"text": " There was nothing particularly unusual about that 730th, 1945.", "start": 31.76, "stop": 38.48, "id": 1}, {"text": " Subways, railroad terminals, and ferry boats disbar office-bound millions.", "start": 39.74, "stop": 44.24, "id": 2}, {"text": " Women went about their housework and later their day's shopping.", "start": 45.56, "stop": 48.86, "id": 3}, {"text": " Part of this normal life was newspapers, taken as a matter of course by everyone.", "start": 50.34, "stop": 56.02, "id": 4}, {"text": " So regular and complete a part of normal everyday living that finding newspapers", "start": 56.34, "stop": 62.9, "id": 5}, {"text": " on the newsstands, buying them morning and night, was", "start": 62.9, "stop": 67.02, "id": 6}, {"text": " taken pretty much for granted.", "start": 67.02, "stop": 68.6, "id": 7}, {"text": " Never a thought of the rumbling presses that produced them.", "start": 69.98, "stop": 73.52, "id": 8}, {"text": " Completely oblivious to the vast transportation system that placed them so", "start": 74.2, "stop": 79.7, "id": 9}, {"text": " conveniently on 14,000 strategically located newsstands throughout the city.", "start": 79.7, "stop": 85.5, "id": 10}, {"text": " No reason to contemplate what life without newspapers would mean until suddenly", "start": 86.52, "stop": 93.44, "id": 11}, {"text": " and with little warning, strike. 1700 delivery men ceased work.", "start": 93.44, "stop": 100.12, "id": 12}, {"text": " Newspaper trucks stopped rolling.", "start": 101.06, "stop": 102.68, "id": 13}, {"text": " Newsstands formally piled high with eight daily New York newspapers were devoid", "start": 103.84, "stop": 109.4, "id": 14}, {"text": " of newspapers, devoid of customers, barren as a desert waste.", "start": 109.4, "stop": 114.34, "id": 15}, {"text": " With the lone exception of PM, newsstands were as bare as mother Hubbard's", "start": 115.28, "stop": 121.12, "id": 16}, {"text": " covers. 13 million metropolitan New Yorkers deprived of", "start": 121.12, "stop": 126.24, "id": 17}, {"text": " their daily newspaper fare.", "start": 126.24, "stop": 127.76, "id": 18}, {"text": " And this at a time when great events were in the making the world over.", "start": 128.5, "stop": 132.46, "id": 19}, {"text": " President Truman was on his way to a meeting of the big three.", "start": 133.46, "stop": 136.5, "id": 20}, {"text": " Japanese cities were being laid waste by B-29.", "start": 137.1, "stop": 140.66, "id": 21}, {"text": " Thousands of American boys were returning home from European battlefields.", "start": 142.08, "stop": 147.18, "id": 22}, {"text": " Now newspapers were more than a habit, more than a convenience.", "start": 147.44, "stop": 151.76, "id": 23}, {"text": " They were a necessity.", "start": 152.72, "stop": 153.82, "id": 24}, {"text": " Here then was the time of all times for radio, the psychological moment.", "start": 155.06, "stop": 160.92, "id": 25}, {"text": " For years the point has been argued discussion has raged pro and con.", "start": 161.4, "stop": 166.88, "id": 26}, {"text": " Will radio eventually supplant newspapers?", "start": 167.78, "stop": 170.56, "id": 27}, {"text": " Isn't it easier to turn a switch than to read an editorial?", "start": 171.44, "stop": 175.26, "id": 28}, {"text": " Yes, for radio, here was a heaven-sent opportunity.", "start": 176.76, "stop": 181.46, "id": 29}, {"text": " Reluctant to profit by adversity, hesitant to capitalize misfortune, radio", "start": 182.38, "stop": 188.5, "id": 30}, {"text": " nevertheless had a job to do.", "start": 188.5, "stop": 190.74, "id": 31}, {"text": " A public service to perform.", "start": 190.76, "stop": 193.36, "id": 32}, {"text": " And radio rose nobly to the occasion.", "start": 194.22, "stop": 196.74, "id": 33}, {"text": " Newscasters and commentators labored long and hard.", "start": 197.98, "stop": 201.26, "id": 34}, {"text": " Radio news programs were substantially increased.", "start": 202.18, "stop": 205.0, "id": 35}, {"text": " Many newspapers either started or increased their regular news radio round-ups.", "start": 206.04, "stop": 210.62, "id": 36}, {"text": " The Times was on the air every hour on the hour.", "start": 211.54, "stop": 214.54, "id": 37}, {"text": " The Herald Tribune had a regular news period.", "start": 215.12, "stop": 217.56, "id": 38}, {"text": " The news doubled its schedule, went on the air 48 times a day.", "start": 217.66, "stop": 222.12, "id": 39}, {"text": " At almost any hour, day or night, the public could flip a", "start": 222.92, "stop": 227.18, "id": 40}, {"text": " dial and hear a newscast.", "start": 227.18, "stop": 228.92, "id": 41}, {"text": " Certainly if news by radio could satisfy the news-hungry public,", "start": 229.9, "stop": 235.7, "id": 42}, {"text": " radio was giving it every chance.", "start": 236.8, "stop": 239.2, "id": 43}, {"text": " But something was lacking.", "start": 240.4, "stop": 241.72, "id": 44}, {"text": " An appetizer is a poor substitute for a full meal.", "start": 242.58, "stop": 246.02, "id": 45}, {"text": " A starving man languishes on a Hollywood diet.", "start": 246.34, "stop": 250.2, "id": 46}, {"text": " Radio was apparently not the right answer.", "start": 251.4, "stop": 253.82, "id": 47}, {"text": " Newspaper readers telephoned in and discovered that despite tickets, newspapers", "start": 255.16, "stop": 260.6, "id": 48}, {"text": " were still being published every day.", "start": 260.6, "stop": 263.02, "id": 49}, {"text": " Learned they could obtain copies by going directly to the newspaper plant.", "start": 263.8, "stop": 268.2, "id": 50}, {"text": " Here is the Herald Tribune plant on the first day of the strike, showing the", "start": 269.68, "stop": 275.06, "id": 51}, {"text": " truck loading platform used to sell papers in the emergency.", "start": 275.06, "stop": 278.56, "id": 52}, {"text": " The first day of the strike, Herald Tribune circulation plummeted to 15,000.", "start": 279.74, "stop": 284.92, "id": 53}, {"text": " But as more and more loyal Tribune readers learned they could buy the paper at", "start": 286.0, "stop": 290.72, "id": 54}, {"text": " the plant, they went to the Herald Tribune in ever-increasing numbers.", "start": 290.72, "stop": 295.36, "id": 55}, {"text": " On the last day of the strike, the Herald Tribune sold 65,000 copies.", "start": 295.96, "stop": 302.56, "id": 56}, {"text": " By far the greater portion of them in direct over-the-counter sales to Tribune", "start": 303.34, "stop": 308.62, "id": 57}, {"text": " readers who had taken the time and trouble to come far out of their way to get a", "start": 308.62, "stop": 314.24, "id": 58}, {"text": " copy of their favorite morning newspaper.", "start": 314.24, "stop": 316.34, "id": 59}, {"text": " This represents a surprisingly high percentage of Tribune circulation achieved", "start": 317.48, "stop": 322.48, "id": 60}, {"text": " under extremely difficult conditions.", "start": 322.48, "stop": 325.18, "id": 61}, {"text": " Meanwhile, a flood of Tribune readers phoned the paper.", "start": 327.34, "stop": 329.96, "id": 62}, {"text": " Please give me more information on the change in red point value.", "start": 331.0, "stop": 334.62, "id": 63}, {"text": " Is it true that President Truman is out of the country?", "start": 335.36, "stop": 337.64, "id": 64}, {"text": " On what troop ship is my husband returning home?", "start": 337.96, "stop": 340.0, "id": 65}, {"text": " Now let's move to the Journal American.", "start": 340.66, "stop": 342.98, "id": 66}, {"text": " Here is a newspaper plant so disadvantageously located for the general public", "start": 343.82, "stop": 348.66, "id": 67}, {"text": " that the paper maintains frequent bus service for its own employees to a", "start": 348.66, "stop": 354.32, "id": 68}, {"text": " nearby transportation center.", "start": 354.32, "stop": 355.84, "id": 69}, {"text": " The sirens of East River shipping convoys provide a musical", "start": 356.64, "stop": 360.1, "id": 70}, {"text": " background for the roar of the presses.", "start": 360.1, "stop": 361.96, "id": 71}, {"text": " Despite its inaccessible location, Journal American readers traveled to the plant", "start": 363.08, "stop": 367.7, "id": 72}, {"text": " on South Street in droves.", "start": 367.7, "stop": 369.54, "id": 73}, {"text": " Circulation on the first day of the strike dropped to 4,000, but by the end of", "start": 370.48, "stop": 375.42, "id": 74}, {"text": " the strike, daily sales figures climbed to 25,000.", "start": 375.42, "stop": 379.48, "id": 75}, {"text": " Mirror fans lined up at the mirror plant in Mounting Crescendo.", "start": 380.62, "stop": 385.3, "id": 76}, {"text": " Daily sales figures are unavailable, but through teeming rain and blazing heat,", "start": 385.96, "stop": 391.34, "id": 77}, {"text": " mirror readers made the trip to the plant, stood in line, made their purchase.", "start": 392.0, "stop": 396.88, "id": 78}, {"text": " The New York Sun.", "start": 397.82, "stop": 398.66, "id": 79}, {"text": " Here was New York's longest picket line.", "start": 399.64, "stop": 402.42, "id": 80}, {"text": " It is impossible to show the full effect of the Sun readership line because the", "start": 403.32, "stop": 407.9, "id": 81}, {"text": " paper was sold inside the building.", "start": 407.9, "stop": 410.24, "id": 82}, {"text": " Sun readers entered the marble lobby of the building shown in the center, made", "start": 411.94, "stop": 416.4, "id": 83}, {"text": " their purchase inside, and emerged through the door at the left.", "start": 416.4, "stop": 420.18, "id": 84}, {"text": " When sales got too heavy for the emergency office, boxes were set up in the", "start": 421.14, "stop": 426.82, "id": 85}, {"text": " marble foyer to serve as temporary newsstand.", "start": 426.82, "stop": 429.68, "id": 86}, {"text": " During rush hours, the place looked like grand station.", "start": 430.7, "stop": 433.96, "id": 87}, {"text": " Circulation climbed from a low of 23,000 on the first day of the strike to a high", "start": 435.08, "stop": 441.12, "id": 88}, {"text": " of 78,000 on the last day.", "start": 441.12, "stop": 443.82, "id": 89}, {"text": " The New York World Telegram.", "start": 444.8, "stop": 446.64, "id": 90}, {"text": " This plant is located downtown near the New Jersey commuting terminal.", "start": 448.1, "stop": 452.36, "id": 91}, {"text": " The entrance where papers were sold is situated on a narrow side street, in deep", "start": 453.34, "stop": 459.4, "id": 92}, {"text": " shadow untouched by the rays of the afternoon sun.", "start": 459.4, "stop": 462.62, "id": 93}, {"text": " This made it impossible to take color pictures.", "start": 463.64, "stop": 466.72, "id": 94}, {"text": " There was nothing shadowy, however, about the long lines of World Telegram", "start": 467.26, "stop": 472.68, "id": 95}, {"text": " readers who came from near and far.", "start": 472.68, "stop": 475.4, "id": 96}, {"text": " Readers made the trip to the World Telegram plant all the way from New Haven,", "start": 476.32, "stop": 480.38, "id": 97}, {"text": " Connecticut, from the far corner of Long Island.", "start": 480.56, "stop": 483.8, "id": 98}, {"text": " Lines five blocks long where a daily occurrence.", "start": 485.16, "stop": 487.78, "id": 99}, {"text": " Thousands filed slowly into the Telegram building and emerged triumphantly with", "start": 488.92, "stop": 494.3, "id": 100}, {"text": " their favorite afternoon newspapers.", "start": 494.3, "stop": 496.24, "id": 101}, {"text": " Circulation rose from 15,000 on the first day of the strike to 50", "start": 497.52, "stop": 503.24, "id": 102}, {"text": ",000 on the last day.", "start": 503.24, "stop": 504.86, "id": 103}, {"text": " The New York Times.", "start": 505.56, "stop": 506.5, "id": 104}, {"text": " Because of its Times Square location and because it is a morning newspaper, the", "start": 508.2, "stop": 513.92, "id": 105}, {"text": " largest Times crowd during weekdays occurred at night and are not shown here.", "start": 513.92, "stop": 519.72, "id": 106}, {"text": " Blacks adjacent to the Times were frequently choked with readers for a couple of", "start": 520.26, "stop": 525.28, "id": 107}, {"text": " hours around theater closing time.", "start": 525.28, "stop": 527.66, "id": 108}, {"text": " A New Jersey resident bought five copies of the paper to auction", "start": 528.34, "stop": 532.38, "id": 109}, {"text": " off at a Red Cross meeting.", "start": 532.38, "stop": 533.98, "id": 110}, {"text": " When copies of the Times got as far as Asbury Park, New Jersey, although well", "start": 534.94, "stop": 540.1, "id": 111}, {"text": " read by trained passengers, they were sold for a dollar a copy if current,", "start": 540.1, "stop": 544.4, "id": 112}, {"text": " 50 cents if a day old.", "start": 545.36, "stop": 546.96, "id": 113}, {"text": " A newsstand manager at Little Silver, New Jersey was offered a dollar for a day", "start": 547.14, "stop": 552.2, "id": 114}, {"text": " old Times but refused to sell because he wanted to read it himself.", "start": 552.2, "stop": 556.88, "id": 115}, {"text": " Times daily circulation rose from 38,000 on the first day of the strike to 210", "start": 559.34, "stop": 565.8, "id": 116}, {"text": ",000 the final day.", "start": 565.8, "stop": 568.28, "id": 117}, {"text": " The New York News.", "start": 569.98, "stop": 571.0, "id": 118}, {"text": " For 22 hours out of every 24, news readers poured in and out of the news building", "start": 572.3, "stop": 579.08, "id": 119}, {"text": " two to four abreast from 6 o'clock in the morning to 4 the next morning.", "start": 579.08, "stop": 584.38, "id": 120}, {"text": " Lines began forming in the afternoon about 5 o'clock, stood for three hours to", "start": 585.68, "stop": 591.0, "id": 121}, {"text": " await the first edition at 8.15 p.m.", "start": 591.0, "stop": 594.5, "id": 122}, {"text": " The longest line occurred on a Saturday night to buy the Sunday news.", "start": 595.86, "stop": 600.0, "id": 123}, {"text": " This line's 17 blocks long snaked its way along 3rd Avenue back and forth on", "start": 601.12, "stop": 606.8, "id": 124}, {"text": " Cross Streets to 32nd Street.", "start": 606.8, "stop": 608.68, "id": 125}, {"text": " City police went through the subways at 34th Street warning passengers bound for", "start": 610.04, "stop": 615.02, "id": 126}, {"text": " the news building to get off there to join the line instead of going", "start": 615.02, "stop": 619.44, "id": 127}, {"text": " on up to 42nd Street.", "start": 619.44, "stop": 621.22, "id": 128}, {"text": " Assistant Chief Inspector John D. Martino of the New York City Police Department", "start": 622.08, "stop": 627.32, "id": 129}, {"text": " said, This was the biggest line-up crowd in my experience. It", "start": 627.32, "stop": 631.34, "id": 130}, {"text": " averaged 30,000 for hours.", "start": 631.34, "stop": 633.1, "id": 131}, {"text": " People stood in line for two hours before reaching the counter. 42nd Street grew", "start": 634.52, "stop": 639.94, "id": 132}, {"text": " accustomed to a daily ritual.", "start": 639.94, "stop": 641.66, "id": 133}, {"text": " Passing trolley cars were parked while motormen and passengers", "start": 642.62, "stop": 645.78, "id": 134}, {"text": " got off to buy the paper.", "start": 645.78, "stop": 647.3, "id": 135}, {"text": " Taxis, private cars, the street and adjacent blocks were packed throughout each", "start": 648.1, "stop": 653.26, "id": 136}, {"text": " evening with vehicles while passengers and drivers bought the news.", "start": 653.26, "stop": 657.18, "id": 137}, {"text": " One of the picketers, after shedding his sign, nightly went", "start": 658.52, "stop": 662.68, "id": 138}, {"text": " inside to buy his paper.", "start": 662.68, "stop": 664.74, "id": 139}, {"text": " From 37,000 over-the-counter sales on the first day of the strike, sales zoomed", "start": 666.26, "stop": 672.9, "id": 140}, {"text": " to 915,000 on the last day.", "start": 672.9, "stop": 676.76, "id": 141}, {"text": " Of which 584,000 sales were made over-the-counter to individuals", "start": 677.3, "stop": 683.92, "id": 142}, {"text": " in the lines you see.", "start": 683.92, "stop": 685.94, "id": 143}, {"text": " Happily, however, even labor strike has its lighter moment.", "start": 687.62, "stop": 692.48, "id": 144}, {"text": " By courtesy of Movietone News, Mayor F.H. LaGuardia reads the comics.", "start": 693.7, "stop": 699.54, "id": 145}, {"text": " Ah, here's the tracy.", "start": 708.3, "stop": 710.18, "id": 146}, {"text": " Now here, the first picture is the laundry wagon. It's a yellow laundry wagon.", "start": 711.2, "stop": 715.08, "id": 147}, {"text": " And wet wash, that's the driver, you know.", "start": 716.0, "stop": 718.16, "id": 148}, {"text": " He's very calmly sitting down with his back toward the back of the", "start": 718.78, "stop": 724.82, "id": 149}, {"text": " wagon eating his lunch.", "start": 724.82, "stop": 726.48, "id": 150}, {"text": " Our little friend, Dee Dee Huff, funny [...] and he might get it in a minute,", "start": 727.22, "stop": 731.6, "id": 151}, {"text": " and she's inside with the money.", "start": 731.96, "stop": 733.62, "id": 152}, {"text": " And she says, when are you going to let me out of here?", "start": 734.08, "stop": 738.02, "id": 153}, {"text": " He says, wet wash says, easy sister, easy.", "start": 738.7, "stop": 742.18, "id": 154}, {"text": " And then the next picture, and we hear the sound from inside the wagon.", "start": 743.26, "stop": 750.0, "id": 155}, {"text": " Oh, fellow wet wash says, I'll let you out when you decided to give me a better", "start": 751.14, "stop": 756.96, "id": 156}, {"text": " cut of that dough from the inside.", "start": 756.96, "stop": 761.6, "id": 157}, {"text": " And we see the inside now. I offered you a thousand dollars. What do you think I", "start": 761.6, "stop": 765.88, "id": 158}, {"text": " am? This is my money.", "start": 765.88, "stop": 767.68, "id": 159}, {"text": " And if you remember, she starts stripping and tearing up the laundry, and she has", "start": 768.22, "stop": 772.66, "id": 160}, {"text": " all of the money in bills in the pillow set.", "start": 772.66, "stop": 775.7, "id": 161}, {"text": " And we hear wet wash. Listen, baby, I know you're a maid at Van Gozins.", "start": 776.54, "stop": 782.22, "id": 162}, {"text": " I saw you there last week.", "start": 782.7, "stop": 784.58, "id": 163}, {"text": " And I know there's something phony about that dough. Now, when we get it, it's", "start": 785.06, "stop": 790.62, "id": 164}, {"text": " going to be scepter, scepter.", "start": 790.62, "stop": 792.6, "id": 165}, {"text": " Okay, then maybe you'd like some more of your laundry torn to fish.", "start": 793.82, "stop": 799.42, "id": 166}, {"text": " She's ripping her laundry there, and that little delicate piece of", "start": 799.72, "stop": 804.18, "id": 167}, {"text": " lingerie. And he looks in.", "start": 804.18, "stop": 806.04, "id": 168}, {"text": " Ye gods, I lose my job over there. Stop, you win. I'll settle for five grand.", "start": 807.06, "stop": 812.82, "id": 169}, {"text": " Now, get this picture. Here is wet wash. The", "start": 813.38, "stop": 818.8, "id": 170}, {"text": " doors of the laundry wagon are open.", "start": 818.8, "stop": 820.42, "id": 171}, {"text": " He's leaning with his back toward the old wagon, and he's counting his money.", "start": 821.38, "stop": 827.0, "id": 172}, {"text": " Two, three, four thousand.", "start": 827.8, "stop": 830.56, "id": 173}, {"text": " Now he's getting into the hundreds. Six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred.", "start": 830.92, "stop": 835.78, "id": 174}, {"text": " And the picture shows a hand of B etless stretching out.", "start": 836.24, "stop": 842.66, "id": 175}, {"text": " She's got holes of that iron part. Remember the iron part she took from the Van", "start": 843.64, "stop": 847.64, "id": 176}, {"text": " Gozins gardeners flat to put the money in.", "start": 847.64, "stop": 851.98, "id": 177}, {"text": " And crash! She crashes it on his head. Knocked out.", "start": 852.76, "stop": 857.82, "id": 178}, {"text": " Hey, children, what does it all mean? It means that dirty money", "start": 858.84, "stop": 865.2, "id": 179}, {"text": " never brings any luck.", "start": 865.2, "stop": 867.3, "id": 180}, {"text": " Thus, New York learned that if the newspapers could not go to the public, the", "start": 869.56, "stop": 874.36, "id": 181}, {"text": " public would come to the papers.", "start": 874.36, "stop": 875.98, "id": 182}, {"text": " During the seventeen days of the strike, the public came to the various plants,", "start": 876.98, "stop": 881.44, "id": 183}, {"text": " bought a total of ten million six hundred and twenty eight thousand newspapers.", "start": 882.02, "stop": 886.28, "id": 184}, {"text": " Trouble, inconvenience, this was the price paid each day for New York newspapers", "start": 887.08, "stop": 892.94, "id": 185}, {"text": " by long lines of people in rain and sun.", "start": 892.94, "stop": 896.66, "id": 186}, {"text": " Standing for hours on hard concrete, risking bodily harm by cutting through", "start": 897.76, "stop": 903.2, "id": 187}, {"text": " picket lines, impervious to shouted warnings of pickets in", "start": 903.2, "stop": 907.06, "id": 188}, {"text": " a city heavily unionized.", "start": 907.06, "stop": 908.58, "id": 189}, {"text": " Men, women and children in all walks of life, giving up a summer evening of", "start": 909.0, "stop": 914.7, "id": 190}, {"text": " pleasure or relaxation, going without lunch or postponing dinner for hours,", "start": 914.7, "stop": 920.06, "id": 191}, {"text": " coming for miles in oven-worm subways to stand for long periods in halting", "start": 920.9, "stop": 926.8, "id": 192}, {"text": " or slow-moving files.", "start": 926.8, "stop": 928.36, "id": 193}, {"text": " Patient, perspiring, persistent, all for a few penny purchase. Such is the", "start": 928.86, "stop": 935.8, "id": 194}, {"text": " miracle of journalism, and such is the significance of", "start": 935.8, "stop": 939.58, "id": 195}, {"text": " newspapers to their readers.", "start": 939.58, "stop": 941.16, "id": 196}, {"text": " Newspapers which can be read and reread. Newspapers in which the public can read", "start": 942.16, "stop": 948.3, "id": 197}, {"text": " all about it in their own time at their own convenience.", "start": 948.3, "stop": 952.98, "id": 198}, {"text": " And thus was New York's sigh of relief when the strike finally was ended, when", "start": 953.92, "stop": 960.5, "id": 199}, {"text": " within the hour the trucks were rolling and New York life returned to normal.", "start": 960.5, "stop": 965.66, "id": 200}, {"text": " Once again, dramatic proof has been given that no other medium can take the place", "start": 966.86, "stop": 972.2, "id": 201}, {"text": " of newspapers in the lives of the people.", "start": 972.2, "stop": 974.66, "id": 202}, {"text": " And the fundamental reason why newspapers are held in such high regard by the", "start": 974.96, "stop": 980.5, "id": 203}, {"text": " American public lies in that long cherished bulwark of", "start": 980.5, "stop": 985.02, "id": 204}, {"text": " liberty, freedom of the press.", "start": 985.02, "stop": 987.54, "id": 205}]}