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)
TREATISE
ON
THE LAW
OF
Public Offices and Officers
BY
FLOYD R. MEQPEM
Axfiaom ov **▲ TasAxiu ok m XiA.w or Asamct^
CHICAGO CALLAOHAN AND COMPAKT
1 890
totwad aoeoffdiiig to Act of Oongmg, l^thiBjmt 18BQ. kr
FLOYD R. MBOHEM IB the ofltoeof the Ubmrlan of OongreM, «( WMhlni^toa
LfBRAHY OF THE
lEUKD STANFORD. JR., UNI^ERUTT
LAW DEFAli'fi^i^^^T.
THIRD UIPaPSSION.
Storoolf pad and Printed bj Tbe Deirott Ffte Prav PrintiDg Oompamr
TO THE
How. FRANK A. HOOKER
JUDOS OF THE FIFTH JUDICIAL OXBCUIT
or MioHiaAii
▲N ABUB JUDGE, AN HONEST MAN AND A
VALUED FBIEND
THIS VOLUME 18 RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
not alone as a token of his great pubUo worth, but also in grateful remembranoe of his . continued kJndnees, enoourage- ment and friendship to the writer
"\5Co^V
PREFACE.
Tke exceedingly kind reception given to the writer's previoua work upon tho law^ of Agency has encouraged him to offer also the following, which is, in Bome respects, a companion volaine to the other.
While engaged npon the other work, the writer was constantly impressed with the great number of important qnestions, similar to those he was then considering, bnt relating to the law of pub- lic agents or officers, and which had never been fully treated. A few of them had, it is true, been made the subject of special treatises, such as the subjects of elections, sheriff, official bonds, and the application of extraordinary remedies like mandamus, qob warranto and injunction. A few others had been incident- ally considered in relation to other subjects. There was still, how- ever, a large class of important questions which had never been specially considered in any treatise, and no attempt had ever been made by any author, English or American, so far as the writer is awafe, to give a connected and continuous discussion of the whole subject. There seemed to him, therefore, to be a real need for such a book, and he has attempted to supply it.
He has endeavored to begin at the beginning, showing what are public offices and who are public officers, and to give in con- secutive chapters a view of the whole field, showing who are eligible to public office ; how they may be elected or appointed, and qualified ; how they may surrender, abandon or forfeit their rights and authorities ; what authority they possess ; how they should execute it ; what liabilities attach to their acts ; what rights they possess and what rights are possessed by the public ; and finally by what remedies their duties and liabilities may be
enforo^d*
The work is divided into five parts or books, and each book is subdivided into consecutive chapters. The arrangement adopted
r.v]
Tl PBEFAOB.
may not be the best possible, bat it seemed to the writer to be oonvenient and reasonably adapted to the purpose in view. No little difficnity has been experienced in determining the proper limits to be fixed to the work, and it may be that others would not agree with those upon which the writer has finally deter- mined.
In a few cases the subject has run so closely parallel to that of agency, that the writer has reproduced a few sections from his work upon that subject, while the chapters upon the liability of public officers to private actions are an enlargement of the sec- tions devoted to that subject in the former work. With these exceptions, the contents of this work are entirely new.
In this work the writer has pursued the plan, which has been generally approved in the other, of giving in the text or notes quite full illustrations and quotations from leading and charao- teristic cases upon the subject. He has also added parallel ref- erences to the American Decisions, American Reports, and American State Eeports, as well as to the various Reporters. Particular attention has been given to the latest cases, and these, it is believed, have been quite fully cited.
In treating certain of the special questions, the writer has derived much assistance from the previous labors of those who have devoted treatises to what he has been compelled to com- press into chapters, and to such treatises the reader must be referred for fuller discussions. These are particularly Judge MoOrabt's standard work upon Elections, Mr. High's excellent treatise upon Extraordinary Legal Remedies, and Judge Coo- lby's valuable work on Torts.
The writer desires also to acknowledge his indebtedness to his publishers, Messrs. Callaghan & Go., of Chicago, who, in this instance as in the former, have spared no pains that the book might not fail for want of proper mechanical execution, and who have treated the writer with uniform courtesy and consideration.
Hoping, therefore, that this volume may be found not less worthy than the other of the generous judgment of the profes- sion, the writer submits it to their consideration.
FLOYD R MBCHBM. DETBorr, December 1, 1889.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Beferenoes are to SeotionB.
BOOK L
01 THB OFBIOB ANT) THE OFFICER; HOW OFFICER CHOBBN
AND QUALIFIED.
OHAPTSR t-DEFlNlTlONS AND DIVISIOKS.^
Public office and officer deflaed. .•• • •... 1-
How office differs from employment 2^
Office differs from a contract 8
Office involves delegation of sovereign functions 4
Office la created by law and not by contract. 6
Oath a nsoal bat not a necessary criterion 6
Salary or fees not a necessary criterion 7
Ihiration or continuance as criterion 8
Scope of duties as a criterion 9
Designation of place as " office" as a criterion 1(>
▲othority to appoint to office constitutes a public officer If
▲othentication by chief executive not necessary 19*
Locrativa office— Office of profit. • \tp
Office coupled with an interest « 1#
Honorary office 19
Office of trost. 16
Place of trustor profit 17
XzecatiTe officers 18
Logisladve officers 19
Judicial officers 20
lOidsterial officers. 21
UUtaiy officers 22
Naval officers. 23
CSvU officers 24
iMcetd$Jwr$. 25
iMcad^faeto. 26
CHAPTER IL— WHO ARE PUBLIC OPPICBRa '
Pttrposeof this chapter : 27
28
[yii]
VUl TABLK OF OONTSNIH.
BofbronoM aie to SeottaiUL
Attoraeyi at law.. ••..•••• •.....•• •• • M
Altendanta upon courts W
GlergTmeii • ••.•..•• ^^
Olerks W
Oollecton W
College professors W
Commisrioners ^
Contractors. •••••• ^
Court crier. ••••••••• ^
Deputies ^
Health officers ^
Judges and Justices • ^^
Mail carriers • ^^
Medical superintendent. •• • ^
Members of municipal boards and bodies ^
Messengers ^
Mercliant appraisers • ^
Nary officers T?
Notary public • ^ ^
Pension agents • .^
«»«"• • : M
Postmaster • .j
Public printer • ^
• •
Receivers. • -- ^
Referees ^
Representatives in legislatures •• 55
School officers 50
Selectmen • 57
Special commissioners. •••• »•*'*" q8
State and other treasurers - ««***" 59
Surgeons • ' * '*^ 60
Superintendents of canals « • * * ''^ 61
Trustees of state institutions «***' . (A
^ ei
Watchmen of public buildings « * * '
CHAPTER IIL— WHO MAY BE PUBLIC OPFICER^-
Purpose of this chapter « ''
L Ov BuaiBiLiTT IN Gbkibral. . ^
Not a natural right ^ ' "'. 65
May be controlled by constitution « • ^*\ ^
In other cases legislature may prescribe • * * ''^ 07
Right usually coeztensiye with that of suffrage
, • - *
n. Cadubs ov Disqualification. In general, with subdiyisions «••• « ^
TABLK OF 00NTSNT8. IX
B#flirMioes are to Beafionii
MnUtU iMopa^tf.
Idiot iadlglbto eo
▲bOitj to read and write may be required 70
8. IntuffioietU Age
What oflloee may be held by infants 71
GoDatitational limitations as to age 73
8. Btz.
generally not eligible 78
4. Lack nf Oitiseruhip,
san not bold offloe 74
Restriction to "inhabitant" or "Yoter.** 75
a. EokUng Prior Office.
Coa<ititatiottal prohibitions 76
6. OrinUnal Praetic^^.
By engaging in duel • 77
By bribery or fraod 78
By being a defaulter 70
By engaging in rebellion. 80
7. Prapertif QttamUatior.$.
Property qnalliications may be required. . . . ." 81
8. InaufflcUiU Retidtnee.
Period of reridenoe usually required • 88
9. Wani itf lYqfeuional AUainmenU,
Neoesaary profeaslonal attainments may be required 83
10. Pr^erenu to Veteran Soldier*.
Bodi preference may be enforced 84
But not where it conflicts with constitutional powers 85
11. (XM Service Examination.
Statntoiy provisions for examination 86
Oan not defeat constitutional discretion 87
Statute prescribing qualification, is directory 88
III. RmCOYAL OV DiBABTLlTT.
SIEect of remoral of disability before term begins 89
fiame subject—Wisconsin cases • 90
Bame subject— Kansas cases 91
fisme subject — Other similar considerations. 92
Same subject— The contrary view 98
Disability arii^g after election 94
IV. CH.UIQB8 HT QUALIFtCATlOXB.
State vs. FederaL 98
X TABLE or OONTBNTS.
Beferenoes are to Seotions.
P6wer of leglslatare to affect constitutional qualifications 06
Where no constitutional prohibition, legislature may cbaDge qualifica- tions 97
Tj^islature cannot make political opinions a qualification 98
Sot can religious opinions be made a test 99
CHAPTER IV.— OP APPOINTMENT TO OFFICE.
Necessity of appointment or election lOO
Purpose of this chapter 101
What is meant by appointment 102
Where power of appointment lies 103
Appointment to office is an executive act 104
Exceptions to the rule 106
What power of appointment may be exercised by the legislature 106^
Same subject — Power to prescribe manner of appointment not equiva- lent to power to appoint 107
Authority of executive to appoint must be conferred by sovereign power lOS
Power which created authority can take it away • 109
Power may be absolute or conditional 110^
At what time the power may be exercised Ill
Can not appoint himself to an office 112
Power once exercised is exhausted till vacancy occurs 113
What constitutes appointment. . » 114
Necessity of written appointment 1 15
Same subject — The contrary view 116
Commission is evidence merely 117
When commission issues 1 18
Commission may be revoked if improperly issued 119
Appointment in other cases is irrevocable 120
Under what circumstances appointing power may be exercised 121
I. Original Appointments.
More frequently exercised under national than state governments 122
Local offices can not be permanently filled by legislative appointment. . 123
Discretion of appointing power 124
IL Appointmbnts to Fill Vacancies.
Power may exist in two classes of cases 12$
What constitutes a vacancy 126
Classification of vacancies • 127
Whether office filled by prior incumbent holding over is vacnnt 12S
Whether failure to elect leaves office vacant 129
Whether failure to qualify causes vacancy 180
Whether election of unqualified person causes vacancy ISl
Whether newly-created office is vacant 182
When vacancies anticipated may be filled 188
TABLB OF 00NTENT8. Xl
Belbrenoes are to Seotioiifl,
AppotntmeiitB "bj and with the consent of theaenate" 184
Appointments to flli Tacancies occurring in offices originally flUed by
senate 185
Appointments to flli Tacancles oocnrring during session, bat left unfilled 186
Same subject— Rule in United States courts 187
Same subject— Rule in New Jersey • 188
Same subject— Appointee holds only untU close of next session ..••••••• lH
CHAPTBR T.— OP BLEOTION TO OFFICE.
Wliat is meant by election 140
Must be exercised in the legitimate mode 141
Can be held only I7 legal authori^ 143
Primary eleodons and nominations may be regulated by law 143
SubdiTision of the snl^ect 144
L YOTEBS AKD THBIR QUALIFICATIONS.
1. The Bower I0 preteribe Qualifleaiioru.
Right to TOte is neither natural, absolute nor vested 145
State may prescribe qualiflcations 146
In the territories congress prescribes qualiflcatioDs 147
d. OtnutituHofuU Limiiatum$ upon the Powr,
State legislature cannot alter or augment qualiflcations prescribed by
state constitution ••••••• * 148
8. The Bequiremenis of Begiitration,
Validity of registration laws I49
Same subject — Supplying omissions 150
Same subject— Relations must be reasonable 151
Same subject— Increasing period of residence or other qualificatioas. ... 163
Requirements as to time, place and manner must be observed 153
Effect of failure to register 154
Effect where no opportunity for registration is provided 155
Effect of defective discharge of duty by registering officers 156
4. The QualiflcaUons Beguired,
Uiraal qualiflcations required I57
1. Cftizeoship— how " citizen " compares with "inhabitant" and "resi- dent* 158
3. Residence 15^
a Age 160
4. Kalesonly may vote 161
5. Payment of a tax 162
6L Ownership of land 168
7. Mental capacity 164
%Xl TABLE OF QQlilTJIirni^
HfiforeBOM uo to ffaiolifwii
State may prescribe forfeitore of f raBohise as pttalahneBt for ciMn#. . • . IW
This is not a "crael or UDUSual punishment*' 166
Evidence reqaired— conyictioB—due proeeas of law 167
Disability may be removed by pardon • 168
IL Thb Elbctiok.
In general •• 160
1. AtahorUff for Balding the EUetion,
Election must be autiioHEed by law 170
Same subject — Contingent elections. 171
8. Notice pf the maeHon.
Kecessity of not ice .•••••• • 17%
Oeneral elections^Time and place fixed by law— Provisions directory. . 176
Bame subject— Filling Yacancies required to be filled at ''next general
election 174
Same subject— Vacancies not required to be so filled 175
Special election— Notice requisite 176
8. TivM of BMing ths EUeUon.
Time must be fixed by law 177
Election must be held at time fixed. . • 178
Same subject— Holding of election prevented by aiet of God 179
Same subject— The rules deduced 180
4. IKaee of Balding (As EUeHon.
Place must be fixed 181
What deviation invalidates , 182
5. JNecHon Board» and Qfficer$.
Blection must be held by proper officers ^ 188
Regulations are directory and not mandatory 184
Same subject — Depositing ballot in wrong box 186
6. The Method of Voting.
State may make reasonable regulations 186
Yoter must vote In person 187
Voter must vote but once 188
Voter need not vote the whole ticket 189
Usually required to vote by ballot 190
What constitutes ballot 191
Ballot implies secrecy 193
Statutes protecting the secrecy of the ballot 193
Statute requiring distinctive mark is unconstitutional 194
"Written" ballot includes printed one 195
Ballot must contain but one name for each office 106
Same subject — Written evidence supersedes printed 197
Same subject— Effect to be given to *'slip'* or '^paster" 198
TABLB OF OOMTEMTB. llti
Belbrenoes are to Seotions.
^J^miut be clearly expressed 10»
j^timgularlties do not vitiate. 900
J^^lot must be reasonably certain ..••••. 201
]^^l bsliot is oonclosive eridenoe of yoter*8 intention 20!^
^^^ eTldttDoe to explain ballot BOa
7. Whai OmMuim an SU^Uon.
frailty of votea sufflctent for a choice • 204
lHoX neoeasary that a majority of YOters should vote 205
Ififfec^ of ineligibility of candidate receiving majority of votes • 20ft
8. ThB Oafvum and Seturm.
CaDvaaabg the vote 207
doties are ministerial merely.. ..r 20&
boards bound by the retnms • •• 201^
Otf^vaaaers may be compelled to act by mandamus 210
can set bat once 211
findings not conclusive •.•••..•• 212
0. CtnUsiUd EleeUont,
'^^ rigiit to contest 218:
TtetTiiHuua 214
^^ procedaTa--Statatory remedies • 215
^'^^'Ave no statatory method, quo warranto \b the remedy 216
^bndamos not the reniedy 217
^eenbjeci— The rule stated . 21&
^v^nimption of regularity 210'
^Tdmof proof is upoa'contestant. . • • • 82(y
^Ntomption of legularlty may be overthrown 221
DlitinoUon between defcellve elections and defective returns 22!^
In^lsriMes not alfeotiag fwult may be ignored 23^
Oostenaat must show that irregularities affected result 8M
Miodstory provisioas must be observed 22(V
Meet of intimidation or violence 225
Inpesching the rei urns 227
/ Correcting the returns 225
^ Hm bsUots as evidence 229
/ PoQ-books and tally-sheets 88 evidence • 280
Mdenoe of election officers • 281
Mdence of thevotan 252
Same sabject— Legal voter not compelled to stale how he voted 283
Same sul^ect— Toter may disclose volimtarily 284
08liie iul^ect'Illegal voter may be compelled to disclose • 2SS
flame anl^ectr-Bvldence of voter's statements as to his vote tB5
Toter not voting not permitted to state how he would hate voted 257
IVhen all evidence MU election must be tn aside 955
\
I
ZIV TABLE OB CONTENTS.
Befbrenoes are to SeotionB.
CHAPTER VL-OP ACCEPTANCE OP OFFICE.
In general.. ••.•• 289
L Duty to Aogkpt Oppicb.
.Citizen is under a social obligation to accept office 940
Common law also imposed the obligation 341
Duty imposed by statute in some states 243
Acceptance compelled by mandamus • • 248
Refusal to accept indictable at common law 344
Not compelled to serve without compensation 346
Kot compelled to accept second or disqualifying office 346
Acceptance necessary to full possession of the office 247
When acceptance maybe given. 348
11. What Constitutbs ajt Acceptancb.
Seeking the office or coaaeatiag to be appointed or elected is not an
acceptance. •• • 849
Qualification the best evidence of acceptance • • 250
Effect of failure to qualify 251
Acceptance presumed from exercise of offloe 353
CHAPTER VII.— OP QUALIFYING FOR THE OFFICE.
In general <..... 858
What constitutes qualiflcation 354
I. The Oath op OpprcB.
Oath not indispensable 355
What oath is to be taken 350
Exemption from taking oath 357
Form prescribed must be substantially followed 358
Requirement of oath cannot vary constitutional rights. 259
Nor disqualify for act not a crime when committed 260
Oath need not be in writing unless law requires it 261
Effect of not taking oath 263
II. Oppicial Bond&
In general ••• 368
Are required by law 364
1. When to be Given.
Statutes usually directory and not mandatory 865
Failure to give within time prescribed does not work forfeiture 366
3. Farm qf Bonde.
Terms prescribed by statute • 367
Statutes are usually directory • 368
Informalities which do not invalidate— Instances ••«.••••••••, 369
Same subject— Failure to approve or file ... • » ••••••.••••• 370
TABLE OF CONTBNT6. XY
BeferenooB are to Seotioiu.
When defecUre statotory bond good as common law obligation 871
Vdantuy bond In place of statutory bond 278
Pardy Tolmitary bond not enforced 278
Bond with ezcesslTe condition extorted void 274
Bond of de fado officer is valid 275
Bond of deputy valid 276
Effect of blanks left unfilled r 277
8. UabUUy of Sttretie$.
a. Bond executed in Blank.
Whensure^bound by filling of blanks ...«. 278
b. Conditional Delivery of Bonds.
Where surety bound by delivery contrary to condition 279
fiame subject — ^Forgery of other surety's signature. 280
Same subject— Erasure of name of one sure^ 281
e. Liability of Sureties for Default of Principal.
Surety's liability is ttricH$$itnijuri» 282
Extends to official acts only ... 283
Same subject— Distinction between acts done colore ojhiitind virtute officii 284
Same subject — Sureties for one office not liable for default in another.. . . 285
Sureties bound for defaults occurring during term only 286
Same subject— Sureties for second term 287
Same subject— How when time of default can not be ascertained 288
Same subject— How far officer's accounts are conclusive upon sureties. . 280 Same subject— How far Judgment against principal is conclusive upon
fureties 200
Same subject— Appropriation of payments 201
Same subject— The contrary view 202
When official bonds are cumulative 203
When special bond supersedes general 204
Liability of sureties for funds illegally received 205
Sureties estopped to deny official character of principal 206
Liability of sureties for loss of funds 207
Same subject— One view. 208
Same subject— A second view.. 200
Same sub ject— A third view 800
Same subject— A fourth view... 801
Same snbjeet- Illustrations of the stricter rules 802
Same sul^eet— Ulustrations of the more liberal rules 808
d Belease of Sureties.
Sureties released by material alteration of contract 804
By what law their contract interpreted 805
8sme subject— Effect of increasing duties or changing character of office. 806
Hotnleaeedbj extension of time for accounting 807
Sureties not released by laches of government •• 808
IVi tABLB OF CX>NTEinB.
Bdftrenoes an to Beotioiifl.
Bitteties not Mieised by eoBOMlment of previous defaalt •••.. M^
Bome BubJeci^Duty of nolifying saretles of subeequeut default , . SlO
4. Approval cf Bondt.
Necessity of approval •• .« 811
Bxaminatlon and approval apablicduty.... 8111
Failure to approve or defects In approval do not release sureties. 818
Whether approval is a ministerial or judicial act • « 814
CHAPTER VIIL— OF OFFICERS DE FACTO.
Purpose of chapter ..•••»•••• 815
OOcer de jure defined 81^
OfSLcer de faeto defined .,.. 817
Same subject— Chief Justice Butler's deflnilf on 818
Bame subject— Color of right necessary •••••• 811^
SMne subject— Illustrations 880
Usurper and intruder defined 881
Officer de facto and officer dejure can not both hold at same time. • . . • • 822
Two officers de facto cannot hold at same time 828
Cannot be officer de facto where there is no office 834
Office de faeto cannot exist under constitutional government 825'
Office created by unconstitutional statute not de faeto 828
But officer may be de faeto though chosen under unconstitutional statute. 827
Acts of officer de faeto valid as to public 828-
Same subject— Illustrations 821^
Title of officer do faeto cannot be questioned collaterally • . « 880
Officer de faeto cannot recover compensation 881
Bat if payment is made to officer de faeto, officer de Jure cannot reoover
it ftom government 883
i^ Jttfv officer may recover salary paid {{« /a6<0 officer • . 888
De jure officer cannot recover on bond of de faeto officer 884
Public cannot recover salary voluntarily paid to officer de faeto 885
Officer de faeto liable for malfeasance 886-
May be punished for embezzlement 887
Must respond for his negligence • 838
Maybe required to act by mandamus 889
But incurs no liability by ceasing to acL 840-
Is liable upon his bond 841
When he sues or defends in his own right must show valid title 842
His title can not be tried collaterally 848
Quo warranto is the remedy 844
Injunction will not lie to prevent his acting. 845
Mandamus will not lie to install officer dejure 845
CHAPTER IX.— OF THE VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS CONCBRN-
INQ OFFICES AND OFFICERS.
Purpose Of this chapter 8f7
The doctrine of pnbilo policy M5
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XVIX
Beferonoea are to SeotionB.
Oontncta opposed to public policy are yoid • . • • • 849
I C0NT&A.0TB TO SacoBB Affointmbnts OB Elbgtion to Offiob.
Agreemeata to appoint one to office are void ..« 85G
Contncts to procure appointments to office are void • . . 851
Same rule applies to priTate offices and employments 852
Contracts for procuring or improperly influencing elections are void . • • • 858
Same sabjeol — What serrices are legitimate 854
GoQtracis diminishing competition for offices are Toid 855
IL Contracts for the 8alr of Offices.
Contracts for the sale of public offices are void ••••• 856
Contracts to resign office in another's favor are void 857
Contracts for exchange of offices are void 858
IIL Oohtraots for iNFLinENomo Opfioebs and Official Action.
Contracts for improperly influencing official action are void 859
Contract to improperly influence legislative action are void. ..,• 860
Bame subject— Legitimate services 861
Procnring contracts from government or heads of departments 86S
Bame sul^ect— Illustrations. 863
Contracts to procure allowance of claims 864
Contracts to procure compromise of crime or discontinuance of criminal
proceedings 865
Contracts for procuring pardons • 866
Bame subject— How where conviction illegsl 867
Contracts leading to violation of duty are void 868
Contracts imposing restraints upon performance of duty are void 869
lY. COBrTRACTS RBSFEOTING THE EMOLUMENTS OF PCBLIC OFFICERS.
Contract that stranger shall receive all of the emoluments is void. • . . • • 870
Contract that stranger shall receive part of the emoluments is void 871
Contract to surrender all or part of emoluments to the public is void. • • • 872
An election procured by such contract is void. • 878
Contracts to pay additional compensation for performance of duty are
void.... ••••• 874
Contract to pay for services in independent employment is valid 875
Contract to pay reward for performance of official duty not valid 876
Contract to accept less than legal compensation is not binding 877
Contract to waive legal means for -collecting compensation is void 878
y. Contracts respectino Division of Fees with Defuties.
'Wliere all fees belong to principal he may contract for portion of those
earned bydepn^.... •• 879
Bat contract to pay principal a fixed sum at all events is void 880
Where fees legally belong to deputy, contract to divide these is void. ... 881
u
XVIU TABLE OF CX}NT££]TB.
References are to Seotiona. BOOK IL
OF TEE TERMINATION' OF THE 0FFI0EIC8 AUTHORITY.
CHAPTER L— IN GENERAL.
Purpose of Book II 882
Variety of methods .* 888
CHAPTER IL— BY THE EXPIRATION OP HIS TERM.
In general 884
What is meant by term • 885
Whenterm begins ; 886
Legislature can not change term fixed by the constitutiou 887
In other cases legislature may prescribe 888
Legislature may change term 889
Construction of laws fixing term 890
Subsequent terms presumed to be of same length as first 891
Presumption from order of appointment 892
Presumption from times for appointment 893
Incumbent estopped by his own interpretation 394
Governor can not enlarge term by the commission 895
L Whbrb Duration of Tbbm ib Fixed.
Expiration of term dissolves officer's authority 896
How when authorized to hold over 897
Officer who has held for full constitutional period can not hold over. . . . 898
When officer holds over notwithstanding resignation 899
Provisions for holding over do not apply to office declared forfeited. • . • 400
Right to hold over does not revive on death of successor 401
Officers filling vacancies in elective offices hold only till next election . . 403
What is meant by '* next regular election " 403
Right to hold over applies to officers elected by legislature 404
II. Where Duration op Term is Uncertain.
Office created for performance of a single act terminates upon its per- formance 406
Officer holding during pleasure of appointing power removable at will. . 406
Office vacated by abolishment of appointing power 407
Office vacated by repeal of law creating it 408
CHAPTER III.— BY RESIGNATION OP THE OFFICE.
In general— Officers may resign 409
Cannot resign until elected and qualified 410
What constitutes a resignation 411
In what form made. 413
TABLE OF OOMTENTS. Zljr
Bef^renoes are to SeoUona*
To whom nfltgiiation is to b« made 418
Besignatlon not complete unless it is accepted 414
What amounts to ao acceptance 415
When officer holds antU successor is chosen, notwithstanding acceptance
of his resignation 415
Wi thdnwal of resignation 417
Besignation while insane 418
CHAPTER IV.— BY ACCEPTANCE OP ANOTHER OFFICE.
IngenenU 419
L Bt AcoEPrANCB OF Incompatiblb Office.
Aoeeptance of second office incompatible with first vacates first 420
Same subject— Exception 421
What constitutes incompatibility 422
Xllnstratlons of incompatible offices 423
Illustrations of offices not incompatible 424
No proceeding necessary to enforce vacation 425
Acceptance of second office is conclusive of officer's election to hold
that one 426
U Bt the Accbftancb of a Forbidden Office.
lo geoeral 427
Dbtinction between eligibility to election and power to hold • 428
Aoccptanoe of forbidden office vacates first 429
Same subject— Not when first office held under different government. . 480
Bame subject— Illustration of the rule 481
CHAPTER v.— BY ABANDONMENT OF OFFICE.
In general— What included in this chapter 482
L Bt RBFUBiNa ob NBGLBoriMa to Qualift.
Here delay in qualifying no abandonment 488
Refusal or neglect to qualify at all vacates office 484
n. Bt Rbfuscno ob Nbglboteno to Perform DuTiBa
Oontinaed refusal or neglect to perform duties constitutes abandonment 435
Judgment of ouster necessary 486
m Bt Rbxoyal from the District.
Officer nsoally required to reside in district for which he was elected . . . 487
Permanent removal from district operates as abandonment 488
Bame sabject — Illustrations 489
Office onoe abandoned cannot be resumed 440
IV. Bt Bnoaoiho in Rbbbujoh.
Officer who febela against government forfeits office.. 441
ZX TABLE OF (X>NTBNT8.
Befbrenoes are to SeotloiiA.
V. By Death.
Death of single officer creates Tacanoy •*••; 4i8
Surrivor of two or more officersmay execute office • 448
CHAPTER VL— BY REMOVAL PROM OPPIOB.
In general • .- • 444
Power of removal incident to power of appointment when tenure of
office not fixed by law 445
Power to remove municipal officers 446
Power of removal in other cases may be conferred by law 447
Power conferred may be absolute or conditional ; • » . 44&
Consent of senate or other body may be required 44^
May be restricted to removal for cause 450
Removals for political reasons may be prohibited ■ 451
Power of removal must be exercised within the limits fixed 452
Power to remove does not include power to suspend. 453
Necessity of notice and hearing before removal 454
Proceedings for removal are Judicial in their nature • • . • 455
Right of courts to review the proceedings • 456
For what conduct removed 467
Same subject— Illustrations • • • 458
What constitutes a removal— Implied removal • • . 469
Notice of removal must be given to the officer 460
Removal not effected by revoking appointment 461
But governor may revoke commission issued by mistake 462
CHAPTER VII —BY LEGISLATIVE ACTION.
An office is not a contract 468
An office is not property 464
Statutory offices may be altered or abolished by legislature 465
Municipal offices may be abolished • 460
Constitutional offices cannot be impaired 467
CHAPTER VIII.— BY IMPEACHMENT.
Purpose of this chapter 468
I. The Authobitt to Impbach.
Dedared by the constitution 40(^
. II. Tbb Tribunal.
Impeachments originate in the house, but are tried by the senate 470
III. What Offigbrs Mat bb Impbaohbd.
Usually civil officers only ••••.• 471
IV. For What Act Officers Mat bb Ihpkachbd.
Conflict of views upon the subject 472
TABLE OF OOIfTSNTS. XXI
Befldrenoes axe to Seottons.
Y. Thb JuDCHCBiirr toat Mat bb Rbndbbbd.
BsmoTal from office and disqualifloation 478
Whether officer may be suspended during proceedings 474
Impeachment does not prevent other punishraent 475
CHAPTER IX. -OF THB REMEDY BY QUO WARRANTO.
In general • • • 476
Kature of the remedy 477
In what cases applied. • 478
WIU not lie where position is not a public office 479
Bame subJeot^What are offices within tliis rule 480
Same sul^eot— What are not offices 481
Possession and user of the office must be shown 482
IsaclTil proceeding 488
Isa discretionary remedy '• 484
EUTectof acquiescence • 486
Will not lie where there is other plain and adequate remedy.. 486
Is saperseded by special statutoiy remedy 487
I^roceeedings usually conducted in name of the public 488
Practioe in instituting the proceedings 489
Intereet of relator , 490
The requisites of the ioformation. • • 491
The defendant's pleadiogs 49d
The replication 498
The burden of proof 494
Trial by Jury 495
The Judgment 496
Effect of the Judgment 497
Damages for usurpation 498
Costs 499
BOOK III.
OF TEE AVTHORITT OF OFFICERS, AND THE MANNER OF ITS
EXECUTION.
CHAPTER L— OF THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE
AUTHORITY. Purpose of this chapter. 500
L Of thb Sourob of thb Axtthoritt.
Authority Is created by law 501
Bame subject — Statutory and common law offices. 602
Authori^ may be changed by law • 008
Same tobject— Authority of constitutional office can not be affected by
legislature 604
XXll TABLB OF CONTfilVTS.
Beferenoee aie to Seotioni.
IL Of thb Natubb of thx Authobitt.
Authority varies with nature of office tM
Authority of public officer must be ascertained 506
What constitutes authority w ^07
Authority oonflned to territorial limits 608
Authority limited to official term S09
Same subject— exceptions— completing service, correcting record 610
Qrants of power strictly construed .^. . • 611
Same subject— How differs from private agency 613
Same sabject— Limits to discretion 618
Judicial power limited to Jurisdiction conferred 614
Judicial power can be conferred only on judicial offices 616
Same subject — General and special jurisdiction 616
Disqualification of judge from acting— 1. By interest. . • 617
Same subject— 2. By relationship or affinity 618
Same subject— 8. By friendly or hostile relations 619
Same subject— 4. By having been counsel for either party 520
Legislative power limited by the constitution 521
Ministerial powers limited to those expressly granted or necessarily im- plied 623
Ministerial officer can not question validity of law requiring his action. . 523
Ministerial officer can not act in his own behalf. 624
Presumption of authority 625
IIL Authority by Ratification.
1. In General,
Authority may be conferred by ratification 626
WhtX is meant by ratification 627
2. What Acts may be Saiiflsd.
In general 528
The general rule ; 529
Torts may be ratified 530
Void acts can not be ratified— Voidable acts may be 681
Illegal acts can not be ratified 682
8. Who may Ratify,
In general 533
Corporations, private and municipal, may ratify 634
State may ratify 535
When officer may ratify 536
4. Conditions of Bat(fication,
In general 537
1. Principal must have been identified 588
2. Principal must have been in existence 5;39
3. Principal must have present ability 54^
4. Act must have been done as agent 541
TABLB OF 0ONTBNT8. XXUl
Befereno38 are to Sections.
(k Knowledge of material facts. 543
d. No raUflcation of part of act 543
7. Rig^ta of other party must be prejudiced ^ 544
5. What amowUt to a JSatification, Written or unwritten — express or implied. 545
a. Express Ratification.
General rule 540
b. Implied Ratification.
In general— Yariety of methods 647
By aooeptlng benefits 548
By bringing suit based on agent's act 549
Ratification by acquiescence, rflence 550
Same subject— Election 551
Same subject — Must elect within a reasonable time 552
Same rule applies to private corporations 553
And to municipal and i^eMM^municipal corporations 554
How in case of a State 555
6. The ResuUi of Batiflcation, What for this subdivision 556
1. In GeneraL
EquiTslent to precedent authority 557
Exception, intervening rights can not be defeated 558
Ratification irrevocable 559
8. As between Principal and Officer. Ratification releases officer from liability to principal 560
8. As between Principal and other Party.
a. Other party against principal 561
h. Prmcipal against the other party 562
4. As between Officer and other Party.
Ratification releases officer on contract 563
Otherwise in tort 564
CHAPTER IL— OP THE EXECUTION OP THE AUTHORITY. Purpose of this chapter 565
L Thb Nboessitt of Personal Bxbcution.
An office can not be held in trust 566
Judgment and discretion can not be delegated 567
Ifechanioal or ministerial duties may be delegated 568
Authority to appoint deputies 569
Authority of deputies 570
XXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
BeferenceB are to Seotionfl*
n. Of the Exbcution of a. Joint Authobitt.
Priyate trust or agency must be executed by all 671
Publio trust or agency may be executed by a majority, thougii all mu:it
meet and confer 572
Same subject— Presumption that all acted 573
Same subject— Where no majority possible all must act 674
Same subject— Full board must be in existence 575
Same subject— Not required to meet in any particular ofQce 675
Same subject— PreTioos agreement as to Joint action void 577
Same subject— Ail may ratify act of part 578
Presumption of due execution 579
Same subject — Presumption not indulged in to show other officer in
default 580
Same subject — Exceptions— Presumption not indulged to support pro
coedings in intUum 581
ni. In Whose Name Authobitt Should bb Exbboisbd.
Public officer acts in name of publio 583
Should not make contracts or transact busiaeis for public in bis own
name 583
In whose name deputy should act 584
BOOK IV.
OF THE RIQHTa, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES GROWING OUT OF
THE RELATION
CHAPTER I— OP THE DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OP PUBLIO
OFFICERS TO INDIVIDUALS-IN GENERAL
WITH SUBDIVISIONS.
Purpose of Book IV 585
What necessary to be considered 586
How officers classified for this purpose 587
How subject dlTided 588
CHAPTER XL— OF DUTIES AND LIABILITIES IN GENERAL. Purpose of this chapter 589
I. Of Dutibb in Gbnbbal.
Classification— Duties to public; duties to individiinls 590
1. Of duties to the public 591
8. Of duties to individuals 593
When authority to act implies the duty to do so— •• May" construed to
mean "shall" 593
TABLB OF OONTENTS. JXV
Befbrenoes are to Sections.
Pert oimance of dntieB resting in discretion 694
Sffect of increasing duties without increasing compensation 595
How when no oompensation attached to office 596
IL Ov Liability in Gbnbbal.
Liability follows duty 597
'No right of action by an indiTidual for a breach of duty owing solely to
the pnbUc 598
Bame subject — ^Injury alone does not confer right of action •*.... 599
Individual suing must show special injury to himself 600
CHAPTER m.— OP THE LIABILITY OP GOVERNMENTAL OPFI-
CER8 TO PRIVATE ACTION.
Purpose of this chapter 601
Each branch of the gOTemment independent 602
Gk>Temmental duties are owing to the public 603
Governmental powers are confided to the discretion of the officer 604
Governmental officers not liable to private action 605
Upon what officers this power is conferred 606
L •BxBCunvB OFncEBS of the Goyernbcent.
President of the United States 607
Cabinet officers and heads of departments 608
Governors of states 609
Same subject— How in case of ministerial duties 610
Other state officers 611
IL PuBLio Boards, Commtssioneks and Tbustbbs.
Ingeneral 612
Xnjoy immunity as state agencies 618
Individual members liable when 614
How when trustees, Ac. are incorporated 615
CHAPTER IV.— OP THE LIABILITY OP JUDICIAL OPPICERS TO
PRIVATE ACTION.
Purpose of this chapter 616
Wlio meant by Judicial officer 617
Same subject— Jndicisl officer— Qua«t judicial officer 618
I. Judicial Officsrs.
Judicial offioer not liable for private action for Judicial act within his
Jurisdiction. 619
Same subject— Other reasons 620
This immunity from liability is not affected by motive 621
TUs immunity extends to Judicial officers of all grades 623
Officermnst have acted officially 623
Jurisdiction essential to this immunity 634
ZXVl TABLE OF 00NTKNT8.
Beferenoea are to Sectioxuu
Jurisdlotlon deflned^Jurisdiction of the person, of the eabject-matter
of the res 885
Act must be confined within his Jurisdiction 896
Same sabject— -When Jurisdiction presumed — Superior and inferior
courts. 827
Same subject — Judge of superior court liable only where there is a clear
absence of all Jurisdiction 829
Same subject — Distinction between absence and excess of Jurisdiction. • 829 Same subject — Judge of inferior court liable where he acts without or
in excess of his jurisdiction 830
Same subject — Liability for acting under void statute 881
Same subject — Limitations on liability of inferior officer for error in
assuming doubtful Jurisdiction 882
Same sabject— Reasons assigned for this distinction 838
Same subject — Officer not liable when Jurisdiction is assumed through
mistake of fact 834
Judicial officer is liable when he acts ministerially 835
II Quasi- Judicial Officers.
In general 885
Quan-jndiclBX functions defined 837
Qtioai- Judicial officer exempt from civil liability for his official action. . 888
Same subject — To what officers this rule applies 689
Same subject — Whether liability affected by motive 840
Same subject — Officer must keep within his Jurisdiction 841
Same subject — Quom- judicial officer liable who Invades rights of pro- perty. 642
Same subject — Liable where he acts ministerially 843
•
CHAPTER v.— OP THE LIABILITY OP LEGISLATIVE OFFICERS
TO PRIVATE ACTION.
Legislative officers not liable to civil action for legislative acts 844
Same subject — ^Motive alleged is immaterial 645
Same subject — Immunity extends to all grades of legislative action 846
Same subject — Officer liable when he acts ministerially 847
Constitutional privileges — Freedom from arrest or suit while on duty 648
Same subject — Freedom of speech and action while on duty 849
Samesubject — Scopeof the privilege 650
Same subject — ^House must be in session^ Acts in committee or Joint con- vention 651
Same subject— Illustrations — Slander and libel — Imprisonment for con- tempt 653
Same sabject— Privilege confined to member 858
TABLB OF OONTBirrS. XXVll
BeferenooB are to SeotioziB.
CHAPTBR VL— OP THE LIABILITY OF MINISTERIAL OFFICERS
TO PRIVATE ACTION.
In general 654
How here designated— Ministerial officers • 655
How fabject divided 656
A. LIABILITY FOR HIS OWN DEFAULTS.
L Ih Gbhbral of the Dutt and thb Liabilitt.
Ministerial fanctions and officers defined 657
Same snbject — ^Determination of occasion or conditions not excluded. . 658
Same sabject — ^Tested by mandamus 659
Same subject — Judicial officer may act ministerially 660
Ministerial officer acting with due care according to law incurs no lia- bility 661
Unconstitutional law affords no protection. 663
Officer must lueep within authority conferred by law 663
Ministerial officer who fails to act or who acts improperly liable to party
specially injured 664
Same subject— What this rule includes 665
Duty most be one which officer may lawfully perform 666
Duty of officer must be absolute 667
Duty of officer must he personal 668
Officer must have legal authority and ability to perform 669
Mistake or good faith no excuse 670
That Tiolation is punishable no defence 671
No excuse that duty was owing primarily to public if individual has
special interest 672
But no liability where duty owing solely to the public 673
Party suing must show injury from breach of duty owing to himself. . . 674
Only proximate damages can be recovered 675
De facto officer liable for negligence 676
Presamption of due performance 677
Subordinate officers are liable for their own defaults 678
Liability of deputies 679
Effect of contributory negligence 680
Liability where serrices are gratuitous 681
Liability of officer upon his bond 683
XL Liability of Pabticulab Officbbs.
In general ^83
1. A»9ignee in Bankruptcy,
Liable for neglect of prescribed duties 684
2. Canal OontraetOT$, Aie liable for injuries from defaults 685
XXVIU TABLB OF OONTEMTB.
Beliarenoes are to Seotioxis.
a Qerki ef OourU.
Are liable for mlDisterial defaults 086
Daty to allow inspection of records 687
Duty to furnish copies of records 688
4. CbUeetor of Taxes.
Must act by warrant 689
Protected by prooesi fair on its face 690
Effect of extrintlo knowledge of defects 691
Collector not protected if warrant not fair on its face. 692
Collector liable if he exceeds or abuses his authority. 698
Liability for money received on void process 694
6. EUcUon Officers,
Inspectors. 695
Registration officers 696
Canvassers. 697
Inducting officers 698
6. Highway Officers.
Not liable for lawf ui acts within their jurisdiction 699
Distinction between Judicial and ministerial acts by such officers 700
Liable for neglect to repair where charged with duty and provided with
fonds. 701
. 7. Inspectors of Provisions,
Liable for negligence. 702
8. Notaries PiOUe.
In general 708
Liable for negligence in presenting or protesting negotiable paper 704
Same subject — What will excuse notary 705
Liability for defaults in taking acknowledgments 706
Same subject— 1. For knowingly making a false certificate 707
Same subject— 9. For mistakes in identity of parties 708
fktme subject*-8. For defective cerUflcate 709
Same subject — Default of notary must be proximate cause of injury. . . . 710
Same subject— The measure of damages 711
Same subject— Mitigation of damages 712
9. PostofflccrM.
Sach liable for his own defaults only 718
10. Public School and CMlege Officers and Teachers.
DisUnttion to be made between public and private schools .... 714
a. Officers.
Have power to enact reasonable rules and regulations 715
What this role includes 716
Rules need not be formal or of record 717
School officers not liable for errors in judgment 718
TABLB 09 OONTXNTB. XZIZ
Beftrenoes ate to Seotioiuk
▲le liable only when actuated by malice • 711^
Question of reasonableness of regulations is for the court 730
What roles and r^^lations are Talid— Instances 721
What rules and regulations are not reasonable— Instances 729
B^gulaiions must be enforoed in reasonable manner 728
Uabilityfor notrepalring 724
' Utility for not performing ministerial duty — Requiring bond from con- tractors 72(^
b, Teacheri.
Are to some extent public officers 729>
Are subject to rules prescribed by board 727
Where board has prescribed no rules teacher may do so • . 729
Rules prescribed by teacher must be reasonable 729
Authority of teacher not confined to school-room 780
Right to inflict corporal punishment 79%
Teaeher not liable to parent for refusing to receive child as pupil 782
11. Beeirden cf DeetU.
Duties are chiefly owing to indiTiduals 78a
Duty to record proper instruments 784
Must not deliver deed before recording it 735
Liable for making an imperfect record 786
Liable for not making index as required 787
Duty to allow inspection of records. 788
Duty of permitting strangers to make abstracts of title 789
Daty in furnishing copies of records 740
LSabili^ for negligence in making searches or abstracto or title 741
12. Sherffi, MarthaU, Cbronen and OorutaUti.
Duties and liabilities are similar 742
What parties are interested 74&
A To the Plaintiff in the Process.
Duty to execute lawful process 744
Most serve irregular or Toidable process 745
Need not serve void process 74d
Right to demand prepayment of his fees 747
Right to demand indemnity 74&
If no indemnity demanded, officer is bound toserve 749
When promise of indemnity will be implied 750
Officer liable for loss resulting from neglecting instructions 751
Officer bound for reasonable skill and diligence 752
Liable for negligence in serving process for appearance 758
Liable for negligence in searching for property 754
Liable for negligence in making an insufficient levy 755
Liable for surrendering property without cause 756
Liable for negligent delay in making levy 757
Liable for neglect to levy at all 75^
XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Beferenoes are to Seotiona.
Liability for escapes 789
Liability for neglect la keeping property seized 760
Same subject — Delivery bonds — Receiptors 761
Liability for accepting insufficient bonds 763
Liability in making sales j, 763
Liability for not making return and for a false return 764
Liability for money received 765
Tlie measure of damages ' 766
h. To the Defendant in the writ
In genend 767
No liability arises from proper service of valid process 768
Same subject — What is meant by process 769
Liability for illegal arrest 770
Liability for refusing bail or other abuses 771
Liability for levy under void, paid, expired or superseded process 773
Liability for excessive levy 773
Liability for disregarding exemptions. . . • : 774
Liability for neglect in caring for property 775
Liability for taking insufficient security 776
Liability for misconduct in making sale 777
Liability for other abuse of process 778
Liability for unlawfully breaking into the dwelling-house 779
0. To Strangers to the Writ.
In general 780
Liability for arrest upon warrant against another 781
Liability for taking goods of one person on writ against another 782
Liability for levy on mortgaged property ^ 783
18. Taa Qffle&r$.
Liability for not levying tax ^ 784
Same subject— The measure of damages 785
Same subject— Action may be brought in foreign state 786
Liability forfalse return 787
B. FOR DEFAULTS OF HIS OFFICIAL SUBORDINATES.
In general 788
L Public Offiobbs of Goybrkicbnt.
Public officers of government not liable for acts of his official subordi- nates 789
Same subject— Exceptions to this rule 790
This rule applies— 1. To postofflcers 791
2. To mail contractors 793
8. To collectors of customs ; 798
4. To captain of ship of war 794
5. To confederate district commissary 795
TABLE OF 0ONTSNT8. XXX 1
Beferenoes are to Seotions.
II. PuBLio Tbubtsbs akd Coscscissionbrs.
Not liable for ncgiigenoe of subordinates 796
III. M1KI8TBRIAL Officebs.
Liable for defaults of their deputies 797
This rule applies— 1. To sheriffs 798
8. To recorders of deeds. 7J*9
S. To clerks of courts 800
4, To other officers 801
C. FOR DBPAULTS OP HIS PRIVATE SERVANT OR AGENT,
lilable for torts of private servant or agent 803
CHAPTER VIL— OP THE LIABILITY OP PUBLIC OPFICERS ON
CONTRACTS.
L In Gbnbral.
GoYemment can act only through its officers or agents 808
Officer or agent should act only in name of the government 804
PabUc agents are presamed not to be personally liable 805
Will not be held liable except where intent is clear to make them so. . . . 806
To what contracts this rule extends 807
But where intent is clear, they will be personally charged 808
Pnblic officer not ordinarily held to an implied warranty of authority. . 809
But officer may be bound by express representation as to his authority. . 810
Or where he is guilty of fraud or misrepresentation 811
Officer may be liable where knowing he has no authority, he makes con- tract implying its existence 819
Officer liable who disavows his offlclfd character 818
Officer liable who conceals fact of his agency' 814
Officer may be liable where there is no responsible priDcipal 815
When officer is liable on the contract made without authority 816
How liability enforced in other cases 817
How when, though authorized, he fails to bind the public 818
IL Upon Contracts not Nbootiablb.
Illustrations of rule holding officer not liable 819
Cases holding officer liable 820
in. Ufon Nbootiablb Instkuubnts.
In general 82 1
Cases applying rule applicable to private agency 822
Cases distinguistiing public officers b23
Admissibility of parol evidence to show intent 824
The tme rules 825
XXZll TABLB OF OONTSl^TB.
Befbrenoes are to Seotioiuk
CHAPTER VHL— OP THE LIABILITY OP THE PUBLIC POR THB ACTS AND CONTRACTS OP ITS 0FPICBR3 AND AGBNTB.
Parpose of this chapter. 8S6
How subject diTided 837
I. Upon Contba.cts made bt Officer.
Authority Is created by law 8S8
Persons dealing with officer must ascertain his authority 829
Authority will be strictly construed 880
Contract must be in form prescribed by law 831
Limits fixed by law must not be exceeded 838
Conditions precedent must be complied with 888
Public only bound while officer keeps within his authority 884
Contract authorized and duly executed is binding. 835
State liable for breach of binding contract — Prospective profits ' 888
Sstoppel of government to deny officer's authority 637
Ratification of unauthorized acts and contracts 888
Officer can not deal with himself without principal's knowledge and con- sent 888
To what officers this rule applies. 84(^
II. PoR THE Acts, Declarations and Admissions of the Offigbb.
Stricter rule prevails than in private agency. • 841
Acts within the scope of his authority bind the public 848
When bound by his declarations and admissions • • • • 848
III. By Notice to the Officer.
In private agencies, notice to agent is notice to principal 644
Same rule applies to private corporations 845^
Notice to the officer, when notice to the public 848
IV. For the Torts of its Officers.
In general 847
1. Th6 Liability of the United States.
United States government not liable for torts of its officers and agents. . 84b-
2. TlU lAobiUI^ ef 8ta(e$.
State not liable for torts of its officers and agents 849
8. The LiabiUty pf Municipal OorporaUtmi,
Municipal corporation not liable for torts of its public officers 660>
Same subject— Illustrations of this rule 851
Municipal corporations not liable for acts done uUra viree 852^
Municipal corporation is liable for torts of its servants and agents com- mitted in execution of its powers 868-
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXXIU
BeferenooB are to Seotions.
CHAFrER IX.— OP THE RIGHTS OF THE OFFICER AGAINST
THE PUBLIC.
In general 854
L Thb Right to Compenbation.
Right to compenaatloQ is created by law, not by contract 855
No compenaatioQ can be recovered unless provided by law 856
In absence of constitational prohibition, compensation may be altered,
decreased or discontinued 857
OonsUtutional provisions prohibiting increase or decrease during term. . 858
When officer may recover compensation of two offices 859
Fbrfeito salary of first office by accepting incompatible office 860
Officer may not recover reward offered by public for act within the
scope of his duty 861
pan not recover extra compensation for added or incidental services. . • . 862
. Bat may recover for services in independent employment 863
Officer not entitled to salary during lawful suspension from office 864
But may recover for period of unlawful removal 865
Not deprived of salary by sickness 866
Can only recover when lawfully elected and qualified 867
Same Subject — Compensation when continued for second term 868
Same Subject — Compensation while holding over 869
Forfeits right of compensation with the office 870
When payment to officer ds facto bars claim of officer de jur$ 871
When officer recovers, his x^co very not diminished by other earnings. . • 872
When officer may retain salary from fees collected 878
Assignment of unearned compensation opposed to public policy 874
Public may not be garnished for compensation of its officers 875
Public officer cannot be charged as garnishee 876
IL Right to Rbikbubsbment and iNOEHNrrr.
Right to reinbursement 877
Highi to indemnity 878
Public has power to indemnify officer 879
CHAPTER X.— OF THE RIGHTS OF THE OF^CER AGAINST
THIRD PERSONS.
PurpoMof this chapter 880
L His Right to Compensation.
Officer can not recover fmm third person where his compensation is paid
by the public 881
When payment of fees is regulated by law, officer can not recover
otherwise ••• 888
Oflloer making void contract for fees can not recover quantum meruit » . 888
Fees unlawfuUy exacted may be recovered or set off 884
Officer oan not recover reward for act within line of duty 885
•• •
Ul
XXX17 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Referenoes are to Seotions.
When Qo fees are fixed ministerial officer may recover reasonable Taliie 886
Officer may demand prepayment of his fees 887
Officer may retain papers on which he has expended labor until paid. .. 888
II. His Right to REncBunsBMBiiT and iNDSMNXtT.
Right to reimbursement 889
Indemnity to officer 890
III. Right of Action for Tobtb.
May recover for injury to property in his possession 891
When officer must sue in name of his office 892
IV. — Right of Action Upon Bonds, Contracts. &o.
Have implied right to bring necessary actions 898
Right to sue in his own name on bonds 894
Same subject—Officer suing should sue by his official title 895
Officer can not sue in his own name on simple contracts made in behalf
of public 89<(
CHAPTER XL— OP THE LIABILITY OP THE PARTY WHO SETS
THE OFPICER IN MOTION.
Purpose of this chapter 897
I. In Cabs of Jodicial Officers.
In general 898
Not liable for Judicial action of court of general jurisdiction 899
Liable for setting inferior magistrates in motion without jurisdiction. . . 900
Liability for causing proceedings under uncoDstitutional statute 901
Liable for setting magistrate in motion for false (hewing. 002
Liable for malicious prosecution 908
II, In Casb of Ministerial Officers.
No liability for employing officer to do lawful act 904
Bat party is liable who authorizes, directs or participates in an unlawful
act 905
Same subject — Liability for false imprisonment 906
Same subject— Effect of ratification 907
CHAPTER Xn.— OP THE RIGHTS OP THE PUBLIC AGAINST
THE OFFICER
In general 908
I. Duty to account for Public Funds.
In general 909
At what time officer should account 910
When officer chargeable with interest 911
Extent of liability under statutes and bonds, and excuses for defaults. . . 913
Same subject — Legislature may relieve officer from his liability 913
When action may be begun 914
Can not set up illegality of transaction to defeat right to an accounting. 915
TABLE OF OONTESm. XXXV
BefiMrenoea are to Seotionfl.
n. DuTT TO Aooouirr fob Public Pbofbbtt.
Nature and extent of the duty 016
CHAPTER XIIL— OF THE RIGHTS OP THE PUBLIC AGAINST
THIRD PERSONS.
Pnrpoee of thia chapter 917
Public may enforce contracta made with its officers and agents 918
Same subject — Undisclosed principal 919
Public may recover value of goods sold by its agents 920
Public may recover money wrongfully paid out 921
Same subject— How far public may follow its funds 929
Public ma7 recover property wrongfully disposed of 928
State not estopped by unauthorised acts of its officers 924
State entitled to priority of payment 925
BOOK V. OF SPECIAL BBMBDIES AND PROOEEDINGa.
CHAPTER L— OP MANDAMUS TO PUBLIC OPFICERa ^
Purpose of this chapter 926
L Thb Gbnbbal Natobb of the Remedy.
Antiqui^ of the writ 927
Originally a prerogative writ 028
The modem writ defined 929
Authoritj to issue, how conferred 930
la an original writ 931
Not a prerogative writ in the United States 982
Is a writ of right 938
Is a civil proceeding 984
la not a creative remedy. 985
How compares with injunction 988
n. Undsb WHA.T Conditions Issued.
Ues only to enforce existing specific duty 937
Does not lie to enforce doubtful right 988
Must be officer having power and duty to act — da faoto officers 939
Same anbject— Bflfect of termination of term — Abatement of i>ending
proceedings 940
Does not lie where there is other adqeuate remedy 941
Doea not lie to compel performance of useless, impossible or unlawful
acta ^ 942
May be denied in exercise of legal discretion 948
lias only to compel performance of official duty, not contracts 944
ZXZVl TABLE OF 0OKTENT8.
References are to Seotiona*
Does not lie to oontiol discretion •• N5
But officer yetted with discretion may be compelled to take aoiien 940
Ministerial officer may be compelled to perform his duty 947
Upon whose application writ will be issued 94B
Necessity of demand before iasae ••••. 949
Writ not granted till officer in default 96^
in. Mahdahub to particular Obticbbi.
Id general ••••. 9ffl
1. To Officert of ihe United States.
1. To president WSi
9. Toheads of departments •• 968^
2. To State Offlcen.
1. Governor.
Does not lie to control his official discretion 954
How in case of ministerial acts — Authorities against its use 956
Same subject— Authorities permitting its use 955
2. Other State Officers.
Lies to enforce ministerial but not discretionary duties 957
1. Tosecretary of state ••••• U58
8. Testate treasurer ' 05^
8. To state auditor 960
4. To attorney-general 961
5. To commissioner of insurance 96'i
8. 7\> Oouniy OJteen.
In general ••• 968
1. To county treasurer 964
2. To county clerk 965
8. To recorders of deeds 966
4. TosherifEs 967
4. 7b Oouni^ and other Boardi and Bodiee,
Granted to require performance of ministerial duties, but not to control
discretion • 068
5. To Municipal Qffhers^
In general 96^
Granted to enforce ministerial duty, but not to control diseretlon 970
6. lb Taxing Offleen.
Lies to compel levy of tax to pay established claim 971
7. To School Qffleere,
Lies to compel performance of duty 97!^
• •
TABLS OF OOirrSNTS. XXXVll
Befbrenoes are to 8eotioii&
8. 7b EUoHan Cfficen.
lAmto OQnip«l perf oimanoe of ministerial daties 079
9. To Judicial Qffietn.
Jttdloial diflcretioii not interfered with 974
Judicial officer may be compelled to act 975
Jadiciai officer may be compelled to perform ministerial acts 976
10. 2b LegitlaUw Qffloen.
Does not lie to control legislative action 977
11. To trp TOU to Office.
Does not Ua to try title 978
Lies to instate one whose title is clear 979
Lies to restore officer wrongfully removed 980
Ues to restore inngnia of office 981
Id. 7b OompA Delivery of Booke and Plap&re.
Lies to compel officer to deliver books and papers to his successor 982
CHAFTSR n-OF INJUNCTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICERS.
Purpose of tfaii chapter. 968
L Of thb Natubb of thb Rbmbdt.
In general 984
Does not lie where there is an adequate remedy at law 986
n. AOAIHST WHAT OfFICBBS ORAimED.
Does not lie against the president 988
Nor ^g^^w*^ executive officers of government 987
Whether Ues against governor and other state officers ; 988
Does not lie against Judges 989
III Iir WHAT Casbs Apfligablb.
Does not lie to prevent officer from exercising Ids legal authority 990
Does not lie to interfere with official discretion 991
WUl not lie to restrain criminal proceedings or enforcement of ordi- nances ' 99a
Does not lie to restrain passage or signing of ordinances 998
Does not lie to try title to office * 094
Writ granted to restrain illegal action affecting private rights 995
Writ lies to prevent illegal expenditure or appropriation of public funds 996
Litea to preren t violation of duty. 997
Lies to prevent removal of office 998
OHAPTER ra— OF CERTIORARI TO PUBLIC OFFICERS.
Purpose of this chapter 099
ZZXVm TABLB OF OONTBNTS.
Befsrenoes are to Seotdons.
I. OV THB NaTUBB of THB Rb1£BDT.
Definition of the writ : 1000
Lies only to reyiew judicial action 1001
Is not a writ of right 1008
Does not lie where other remedy exists lOOS
Not granted where party has been guilty of laches 1004
Does not lie to review discretion 1005
Party applying for writ should have special interest 1006
IL To WHAT Officers Warr is issued.
Issued only to Judicial and not to ministerial, executiye or legislative
officers 1007
Illustrations of application of the writ lOOB
IIL What Questions abb open to Reyiew.
Presumption that proceedings are regular. 1009
How when writ addressed to inferior courts or tribunals 1010
How where writ addressed to gtMU^ judicial officer 1011
CHAPTER IV.— OF THB WRIT OP PROHIBITION.
Purpose of this chapter 1012
Definition of writ 1018
Lies only to prevent excess of Jurisdiction 1014
In not a writ of right. 1016
Writ not granted when other remedy exists 1016
Not issued when act already done 1017
Party must have objected to jurisdiction 1018
Lies only to restrain Judicial action 1019
Does not lie to restrain executive or ministerial action 1020
CHAPTER v.— OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AQAINST PUBLIC
OFFICERS.
Purpose of this chapter 1021
Disregard of duty punishable as a crime 1022
What officers not indictable 1088
OBicer def ado liable 1024
Liability for particular ofFenses 1026
TABLE OF CASES CITED.
Boforences are to Sections
Abbe*. Rood (6 McLean, 106).. Abbey t. Chase (6 Gush.) 56. . .. AbboU «. Gllleepy (75 Ala. 180),
712, «. Holland (20 Ga. 598). . . .'
e. Jacobs (49 Me. 810)
«. EimbaU (10 Vt 651).. 775.
904
9. Yost (2 Denio, 86). . .600*,
Abrama «. Eryin (9 Iowa, 87),
607, 568, Acheson v. Miller (2 Ohio St.
208).
Achley*8 Case (4 Abb. Pr. 85).
104, 114, Ackerley v. Parkinson (8 M. & 8.
411) 619.
Ackerman e. Desha County (27
Ark. 457)
Adairv. McDanield Bai.L. 158). Adams e. Adams (13 Pick. 884),
776, f. Freeman (9 Johns. 118). . f. Harrington (114 Ind. 66), «. Jeffries (12 Ohio, 258). . .
«. Lane (88 Vt. 640)
«. Nichols (19 Pick. 275). . . e. Richardson (48 N.H.212),
689, 640,
V. Sayre (70 Ala. 818)
e. Spangler (17 Fed. Rep.
188)
«. Tator (42 Hun. 384)
e. TertenanU (Holt, 179). . .
e. Turrentine (8 Ired.L. 147),
Adamson v. Hartman (40 Ark.
58)
9. Janris (4 Bing. 66)
Adams Bank v. Anthony (18
Pick. 288)
Adams County v. Hunter (—
Iowa, — ) 874,
Adams Express Co. v. Trego (85
Md.47) 542.
Adkins e. Brewer (8 Cow. 206),
619,
552 816
766 759 751
907 768
570
890
120
680
942
748
778 907 985 516 876 298
641 839
756
320
1022
759
278 878
810
863
888
632
Adkins e. Doolen (28 Elans. 659), Adsit 9. Brady (4 Hill, 630).., dO,
664, 665, 669, Adye e. Hanna (47 Iowa, 264). . JBtna Ins. Co. e. N. W. Iron Co.
(21 Wis. 468)
V, Sabine (6 McLean, 393). . Agawam National Bk. v. South
Hadley (128 Mass. 507). Agent e. Rikeman (1 Denio, 279),
Akers e. State (8 Ind. 481)
Alabama R. R. Co. v. Christian
(82 Ala. 807)
Alba V Moriarity (36 La. Am.
680)
Albee v. Ward (8 Mass. 79).. 745.
758, Albertson v. Fellows ( — N. J.
-).
Alderson e. Commissioners ( — ^f|f^ Ya. )
Aldred e. Constable (6 A &K
870)
Aldrich v. Aldrich (8 Mete. 102),
690,
•.Tripp (11 R.L 141)
Alexander e. Hoyt (7 Wend. 89),
690,
e. Jones (64 Iowa 207)
e. McEenzie (2 S. C. 81). . .
V. State (42 Ark. 41)
e. Walter (8 Gill. 239)
Alger e. Easton (119 Mass. 77). .
e. Sea vers (138 Mass. 831). .
Alingham v. Flower (2 B. & P.
246)
Alloc V. Reece (39 Fed. Rep. 34), Allen e. Archer (49 Me. 346),
886,
e. Bruce (12 N. H. 418)
V. Crary (10 Wend. 840). 774,
782,
V, Hazen (26 Mich. 142)
V. Mamey (65 Ind. 401). . . .
e. Martin (10 Wend. 800). ..
e. Merchants' Bank (22
Wend. 215)
948
701 377
542 660
912 895 126
1008
868
769
889
210
777
768
858
768 562
867 747 435 851 941
769 621
676 517
905 584 279
77l>
704
[xxxix]
TABLE OF OASES CITED.
Befbrenoes are to Seotions.
Allen f . Scott (18 HI. 80) . . . 690, 768 f. State (6 Blackf 252)..800, 012
«. State (31 Ga. 217) 117
«. Trimble (4 Bibb. 81) 510
AJlison 9. Rheam (8 8. ft R 180), 006 Allor V, Wayne County Audi- ton (48 Mich. 76). .502,
508. 615
Allred v. Bray X41 Mo. 484) 541
Alter f. Simpson (46 Mich. 188). 214 Alvord f. Collin (20 Pick. 428).. 878 Ambler v. Auditor General (88
Mich. 746) -919
«. Church (1 Root. 21 1) 619. 685 American Asylum v. Phoenix
Bank (4 Conn. 172) 941
American Ins. Co. v. Canter (1
Pet.511). 147
«. Stratton (59 Iowa, 696)
822,824, 825 American Steamship Co. ^. Young (89 Penn. St.
186) 884
Amea v. Kansas (111 U. S. 449), 483 f. Log Driving Co (11 Mich.
189) 100
«. St. Paul R. R. Co. (12
Minn.418y. 918
Amherst Bank v. Root (2 Mete.
542) 286
V. Root (2 Mete. 586) 806
Amperse v. Winslow (75 Mich.
284).. 689. 640,645.646, 647 Amy V, Superrisors (11 Wall. 186). .664, 665, 670, 784,
787, 971 «.Watertown(184n.S.801) 416 Anderson o. Baker (23 Md. 581),
146. 165. 689 695 V. Brown (9 Ohio. 151). .'. . . 684 «. Dunn (6 Wheat. 204) . 652, 658
V. Farns (7 Blackf. 848) 890
9. Johett (14 La. Ann. 614),
296, 686 «. Millikin (9 Ohio St. 568).
689, 965
V. State (72 Ala. 187) 77
*». Wlnfreft (— Ky. — )165. 202 Andrews v, .£tua L. Ids. Co.
(92 N. Y. 596) 551
fi Keep (88 Ala. 815) 752
V. Portland (79 Me. 484).
332, 865, 871
«, Pratt (44 Cal. 809) 1011
0. United States (2 Story
202) 595,862,877. 881
Anglo-Californian Bank v. Min- ing Co. (5 Sawy. 255),
530, 838
Anglo-Californian Bank t. Min- ing Co. (104 U. S. 192)
586, 888
Anonymous (6 Mod. 96) 1022
(Lofft 185) 1022
Annan v. Baker (49 N. H. 161).. 58L Ansonia Brass Co. v. Babbett (74
N. Y. 895)..751. 752,755, 758 Anthony v, Adams (1 Met. 284),
511, 884
V. Slaid (11 Mete. 290) 674
Appleby V, Mayor (15 How. Pr.
42p) 511, 834
Applegate v, Eagan (74 Mo. 258), 200
Appo «. People (20 N. Y. 581). . 1013 Arberiy v. Beavers (6 Tex. 467),
657, 982, 988. 973 Arbuckle o. Cowtan (8 B. & P.
828) 874
Archer e. Noble (8 Greenl. 418), 284 Arlington v. Hinds (1 D. Chip.
481) 918
0. Pierce (122 Mass. 270). . . 584
Armine o. Spencer (4 Wend. 406) 894 Armistead «. Harramond (4
Hawk8841) 290
V. Marks (1 Wash. 825) 679
Armitage v. Widoe (86 Mich. 124)
529, 581 Armstrong v. United States
(Gilp. 889) 46
Arnold «. Commonwealth (8 B
Mon. Ill) 766
«. Scott (89 Tex. 878) 584
V. Shields ^5 Dana 21) .... 1018 Arrapahoe County «. Crotty (9
Col. 818), 945 968
Arrington v. Sneed (18 Tex. 185). 865
Arris V. Stukeley, (2 Mod. 260). 888 Ashburg etc. Co. v, Riche (L R.
7H. L. 653) 554
Ashby «. White (3 L. Ray. 938)
639, 664 787
Ashkum v. Lake (12 Dl. opp. 25) 270 Astrom v. Hammond (3 McLean
107) 681, 662
Atcheson o.Mallon (48 K Y. 147) 860
Atchison o. Lucas (83 Ey. 451) . . 78
Atkins V. Baily (9 Yerg. 111).. 290
V. Einnan (20 Wend. 241).. 581
Atkinson v. Gatcher (28 Ark. 101) 774
V, Heer (44 Ark. 174) 764
Atkyns v. Clare (1 Vent. 400). . . 460 Atlantic Bank v. Savery (18
Hun.41) 845
9. Savery (82 N. Y. 291). . . 845 Atlantic Cotton Mills v. Indian OrchardMills (147MaBS.
268) 844, 845
TABLB OF CASES OTTEO.
xU
Baferenoes are to Seotions.
Itlaniic National Bank e. Harris
(118 Mass. 147) 844
Atlantic etc. Telem^pb Co «.
Bame8(G4N.T.885)809, 810 liUiB Bank v. Brownell (9 R. I.
leS) 3«)9, 810
Atlee V. Bartholomew (69 Wis.
43) 662
Attaway v. Oartersvllle (68 Ga.
740) 861
Attorney «. Cartersville (68 GhL
740)... 861
Attomey-Qenerai. in re (14 Fla.
277) 266
9. Amos (60 Mich. 872) 478
«. Barstow (4 Wis. 667), 208,
212,408,488,496, 497 9. Birmingham Ry. (4 DeG.
& 8.490 950
e. Boston (128 Ma6S.460) 949, 960 «. Canyassers (64 Mich. — ) 210 V. CTommon Council (68 Mich.
^18) 98. 99. 601
•. Davis (44 Mo. 181) 864
•. Dnvy (2 Atk. 212) 672
9. Det roit (29 Mich. 110), 128 946 •.Ely (4 Wis. 420),. ..196,
199.208.212, 229 e. Holiban r29 Mich. 116). . 478 e. Iron County Canvassers,
(64Mich. 607) 609
e. Lock (8 Atk. 166) 693
9. Lothrop (24 Mich. 286). . 128 e. Love (10 yroom.476), 886. 461
T. Lum (2 Wis. S&7) 965
9. Marr (66 Mich. 445).887, 924 «. McDonald (3 Wis. 806). . 616 9. Mclvor (58 Mich. 616). . . 49*2 9. Megin (63 N H. 879). . . 494 9. Northampton (148 Mass.
689) 1001,1007. 1008
9. Petersburg K. R. Co. (6
lied. 456) 493
9. Railroad Co. ^ N. J. L.
282) 489
0. Simonds (111 Mass. 266). 478
V. Squires (14 Cal. 13) 465
9, Supervisors (SO Micb.388)
565. 924 Auditor-General v. Supervisors
(24Mich. 287) >... 968
Attorneys, In re (20 Johns. 492)
1. 8 Auburn Bank v. Leonard (40
Barb. 119) 825
Audeoried o. Betteley (6 AUen
883) 485
Auditor Curie's Case (1 1 Rep. 2). 574 Auditor «. Woodruff (2 Ark. Td) 2;o
Auditors o.6enoit(20Mich. 176)
882, 498. 864. 871 Auffmordt v, Hedden (30 Fed.
Rep. 360) 45
Augusta V. Sweeney (44 Ga. 468)
466,503, 857 Augustin 9. Egcrleston (12 La.
Ann. 866) 205. 226
Auld 9. Walton (12 La. Ann. 129) 149 Aurora Agrl. Soc. 9. Paddock
(80 111.268) 648
Austin 9, Helms (65 N. C. 660). 672
9, Redster (4 Mich. 728). . . 784
Austin's Case (5 Rawle, 191) 29
Averill 9. Williams (lDenio.601) 904
9 Williams (4 Denio, 295. . 904
Avery «. Halsey (14 Pick. 174). . 878 9. Seely (8 Watts & Serg.
494) 608
Azt 9. Jackson School Tp. (90
Ind. 101) 829
Ayer v. Hutchins (4 Mass. 870)
868. 890
Ayers, In re (128 U. S. 443). . . 886 9. Auditors (42 Mich. 422)
941. 960
«. Russell (8 N.Y.Supp. 888) 621
B
Babbitt «. Savoy (3 Cush. 580). . 879
9. Young (51 N. Y. 280. . . . 825
Babcock 9, (fiflord (29 Hun . 186) 701
V. Goodrich (47 Cal. 608. ... 941
«. Hanselman (66 Mich. 27). 488
9, Lamb (1 Cow. 288) 6TZ
Bachman 9. Fenstermacher (112
Penn. St. 881) T64
Backman 9. Charlestown (42 N.
H. 125) 664
Backwell's Case (1 Yern. 153). . 698
Bacon 9, Benchley (2 Cush. 100) 695
9. Cobb (45 111. 47) 298
V. Johnson (56 Mich. 182). . 648
9. Malzacher (102 111. 663). . 224
9. York Co. (26 Me. 491). ... 209 Badeau 9 United States (130 U.
S. 439) 886
Badger v. United States (93 U. 8.
699) 396,398,399, 416
Badlam v. Tucker (1 Pick. 389), 891
Bagby «. Baker (18 Ala. 653). . . 894 Bagg's Case (11 Coke, 09), 454,
455, 456
Bailey o. Ewart (62 Iowa. lU), 945 9, Mpyor (3 Hill, 631). 664,
665.796, 853 «. Railroad Co. (22 Wall
604) 690, 768
zlii
TABLB OF CA8E8 CITED.
Beferenoes are to Seotions.
Bailey «. Wiggins (6 Harr. 462),
619, 632
Bain v. Brown (56 N. T. 285). . . 839 Bainbridge v. Downie (6 Mass.
258) 806, 918
Baker v. Ghambles (4 Greene,
428) 822.823, 825
V. Cotter (45 Me. 236) 534
V. Johnson (41 Me. 15) 964
0. Kirk (83 Ind. 517), 129,
397,610.954, 956 V, New York Bank (100 N.
Y. 31) 922
V. Preston (1 Gilm. 235). ... 289
V. Sheehan (29 Minn. 235). . 745
V. State (27 Ind. 485) 644
9. Whiting (8 Sumner. 476). 839 Balcombe v. Northrup (9 Minn.
172) 896
Baldwin «. Burrows (47 N. Y.
212) 542
«. Eouns (8 1 Ala. 272) 882
V. McArthur (17 Barb. 414), 517
V. Potter (46 Vt. 402) 915
V. Weed (17 Wend. 224). ... 771
Ball «. Badger (6 N. H. 403), 749, 751 V. Chancellor (47 N. J. L.
125). 290
«. Lappins (3 Oreg. 55) 942
•. Loomis (29 N. Y. 412) ... 907
Ballantine v. Irwin (Fort. 368) . . 379 Ballingall v. Carpenter (5 111.
306) 271
Ballston Spa Bank e. Marine
Bink (16 Wis. 129). 536. 888 Baltimore v. Escbbacb (18 Md.
282) 880. 834. 887
V, Reynolds (20 Md. 1), 880,
884, 837
V. Root (8 Md. 95) 875
9. State (15 Md. 876) 98
Baltimore County v. Baker (44
Md. 1)./. 665
Baltimore Turnpike, Case of (5
Blnn. 481) 572
Baltzen v. Nicolay (53 N. Y. 467).
817 818 Bancroft v. Lynnfleld (18 Pick!
566) 879
Bangor Boom Co. «. Whiting
(29 Me. 128) 584
Bangs V. Dunn (66 Cal. 74) 874
Bank «. Davis (2 Hill, 451) 845
V, Dunn (6 Pet. 51) 843
V. Smith (0 Allen, 415) 269
Bank Lick Tpk. Co. e. Phelps
(81 Ky. 618) 1014
Bank of Augusta «. Conrey (28
Miss. 667) 549
Bank of Beloit «. Beale (84 N.
Y. 478) 549
Bank of Hamburg «. Wray (4
Strob. 87) 810. 811
Bank of Mobile v. Marston (7
Ala.108) 704
Bank of Pituburgh «. White- head (10 Walls. 897). ... 845 Bank of Rome «. Mott (17 Wend.
554) 674, 787
Bank of Owensboro v. Western
Bank (18 Buf^h 526).
542.. 560. 83a Bank of St. Mary's v. Calder (8
Strob. 408) 560
Bank of Tennessee v. Beatty (3
Sneed, 806) 510
Bank 9f United States «. Dan-
dridge (12 Wheat. 64-
70) 117, 525, 579
Banks, ez parte (28 Ala. 28) 947
«. Judah (8 Conn. 145). ... eS» Bannon v. Warfleld (42 Md. 22). 542 Barbour v. United States (17 Ct
v/l. 1.4W). •••«......*•• 4U»
Barhydt v. Clark (12 111. App.
646) 548, 88S
V. Valk (12 Wend. 145) .... 7m Barhyte v. Shepherd (85 N. Y.
238-242) ...621, 689
Barkeloo v. Randall (4 Blackf.
476) 619, 900
Barker «. People (3 Cow. 686),
64. 77. 148, 165, 166, 476 V. People (20 Johns. 457),
77, 165, 166
«. Pittsburg (4 Barr. 51). ... 465
V. Stetson (7 Gray, 58) 901
Barksdale v. Cobb (16 Ga. 18). . 947
Barnard v. Bartlett (10 Cush. ) 501 779 Barnardiston v. Soame ( 1 East.
566n.) 621
Barnes «. Brookman (107 111. 817) 171
V. Supervisors (51 Miss. 305) 224 €. Thompson (2 Swan, 813),
758, 754
Bamett v. Earl ham (73 Iowa. 1 34) 941
Barnum v . Gilman (27 Minn. 476) 488
v. Gilpin (27 Minn. 466). ... 206
Barrett «. White (8 N. H. 210),
775. 778
Barron v. Tucker (53 Vt. 888). . . 865
Barry v. Lauck (5 Cold. 588) 171
Barry County v. {Supervisors (88
Mich. 497) 968
Bartholomew v. Leech (7 Watts,
472) 889
Bartlett v. Board of Education
(59 111. 364) 278
1
TABLE OF OA6E8 CITBD.
xliii
References are to Seotions.
Bartlett v.Crozier (17 John8.449),
508 701
«. OoTernor (2 Bibb. 586). ! 806
fi State (18 Kans. 99) 488
9. Tacker (104 Mass. 886). . . 810
a Willis (8 Mass. 86) 769
Barton «. Moae (83 111. 60) 889
V. Swepaton (44 Ark. ). . 829
Barwick v. Read (1 H. Bl. 627). . 874
Barziza «. Story (89 Tex. 854). . 839 Bassett o. Bowmar (8 B. Men.
825) 764
«. Denn (17 N. J. L. 482). . . 258 Bassett e. Fish (75 N. Y. 808),
614, 615, 724
•.Fish as Hun, 209)... 664, 665 «. School Directors (9 La.
Ann. 518) 941. 942
Basten e. Carew (8 B. & O. 652), 619 Bates C!oiinty v. Winters (97 U.
B.W 884
Bates 9. Porter (74 Cal. 224) 942
Bath e. Metcalf (145 Mass. 274). 770 Bath Oounty e. Amy (18 Wall.
24^ 980
Batman e.M^wan(YMeteV588') 214
Batte e. Chandler (58 Tex. 613). 754
Bauer o. Clay (8 Kans. 580) 900
Bansemer e. Mace (18 Ind. 27). . 570
Baxter e. Brooks (29 Ark. 178). . 1011 Bay City e. State Treasurer (28
'Mich.499) 959
Bay County e. Brock (44 Mich.
45) 269, 814
Bayha •. Webster County 18
Neb. 181). 874, 862
Bay ley v. Bates (8 Johns. 185). . 758 e. Onondaga Mut. Ina Co.
(6HiIl, 476) 918
Bayliss e. Pearson (15 Iowa, 279)
806.808, 822
Beach e. Branch (57 Ga. 862) .. . 889 e. Furman (9 Johns. 228),
690, 768
Beaird e. Foreman (Breese, 808) 778
Beal «. Beck (8 Har. & M.242). . 290
e. McEieroan (6 La. 407). . . 839
«. Morton (18 Ind. 846) 117
«. Polhemus (67 Mich. 130), 362
«. Ray (17 Ind. 650) 174
Beall V. January (62 Mo. 434). . . 559 Beam e. Froneberger (75 N. C.
540) 922
Bean e. 0>unty Court (38 Mo.
App. 635) 172
«. Hubbard (4 Cush. 85) 774
«. Parker (17 Mass. 603) ... 279
•. People (7 Col. 202). .687, 739
«. Quimby (6 N. H. 98) 518
Bean e. Thompson (9 N. H. 290), 844 Bearce e. Fossett (84 Me. 575),
886, 676 Beardstown v. Virginia (81 111.
541) 236
Beasley v. Beckley (28 W. Ya.
81) 1008
Beattie «. Lord Ebury (7 Ch.
App. 777) 810
Beaubien o. Poupard (Harr. Ch.
206) 889
Beaumont v.Rarrett (1 Moo. P.
C.59) 662
Beaurain e. Scott (3 Camp. 388) 630
Beck e. Jackson (48 Mo. 117). . . 314 Becker v. Ten Eyck (6 Paige, 68)
856, 380
Bedford e. Bice (58 N. H. 446) . . 33& Beebe e. Robinson (62 Ala 66),
251, 252. 266, 994 Beekman's Petition (31 How. Pr.
17) 572
Beers e. Dalles City (— Greg. — ) 837 Beidman v. Goodell (56 Iowa,
592) 549
Belcher «. Treat (61 Me. 577). . . 943
Belden e. State (103 N. Y. 1). . . 921
Belisle e. Clark (49 Ala. 98) 810
Belknap e. Belknap (2> Johns.
Ch. 463) 996
V. Reinhart (2 Wend. 375). .
806, 809
Bell V. Clapp (10 Johns. 268). . . 77» V. Commonwealth (1 J. J.
Marsh, 551) 754
e. Cunningham (8 Pet. 69)..
542, 660
«. Hogan (1 Stew. 586) .... 782
e. Josselyn (3 Gray, 309). . . 665
9. McEinney (68 Miss. 187), 61»
V. Pierce (48 Barb. 51) 639
Bellemire v. Bank (4 Whart. 105) 704
Belles V. Burr (—Mich. — ) 161
Bellows e. Elliott (12 Yt. 569). . 681 Bells Gap R. R Co. v. Christv
(79 Penn. St. 54) \ SS»
Benden e. Nashua (17 N. H. 477) 642 Bennecke v. Ins. Co. (105 U. S.
365) 542
Bennet e. Fuller (4 Johns 486). 524
Bennett Ex parte (10 Yes. Jr 384) 840
e. Austin (81 N. Y. 808). . . 889
e. Burch (1 Denio, 141) . 690. 768
«. Fulmer (49 Penn. St. 157)
640. 787 e. McCaffery (28 Mo. App.
220) 976
V. Whitney (94 N. Y. 302) .
664. 66^
j[liv
TABLE OF CA8ES CITED.
fieferences are to Sections.
^nnett v. Toung (18 Penn. St.
263) 704
Bensel «. Lynch (44 N. Y. 162). 745 Benson v. Liggett (78 Ind. 462). 540 Bentley o. Phelps (27 Barb. 524) 840 Benton t. Taylor (46 Ala. 388).. 1005 Bergen v, PoweU (04 N. Y. 501) 405 Bernal v. Hovious (17 Cal. 547). 782 Bernard v. Torrance (6 G. & J.
383) 806
Bernier f>. Russell (80 111. 60). . .
640, 605 Berrien Co. Treasurer v. Bun- bury (45 Mich. 70). 268,
808, 805 Berrier v. Moorhead (22 Neb.
687) 771
Berry «. Lowe (10 Mich. 0) 1011
Bessingerv. Dickerson (20 Iowa,
260) 286
Best 9. Polk (18 Wall. 112) 886
Bethel v. Mason (55 Me. 501). . .
600, 768 Betts V. Dimon (3 Conn. 107). .. 658
«. Norris (15 Me. 468) 752
Bevans v. Uoiied States (18
Wall 56) 012
Bevaxd «. Hoffman (18 Md. 470)
630,640,605, 787 Beveridge «. Rawson (51 111. 504)
541, 007 Bevin v. Ck)nn. Mut. L. Ins. Co.
(23 Conn. 244) 642
Bickerton v. Burrell (5 M. <fe S.
883) 018
Biddle «. Willard (10 Ind. 63)
133,411, 417 Biencourt «. Parker (27 Tez.
562) 420
Bier v. Gorrell (30 W. Va. 05). . 883 Blgelow 9. Bridge (8 Mass. 275). 286 V. Stearns (10 Johns. 30). . . 630 Billings V, Lafferty (31 111. 318)
640. 686
V. Morrow (7 Cal. 171) 542
V, Prlnn (2 Bl. 1017) 572
V. Russell (23 Penn. St. 180)
600, 768 Billingsley «. State (14 Md. 360)
336, 676 Billingsly v. Raokin (2 Swan,
82) 755
Bird «. Breedlove (24 Ga. 623). . 366
V. Brown (4 Ex. 786) 531
V. Perkins (33 Mich. 28). 600
601, 768 Birdsall v. Clark (73 N. Y. 73). . 567 Bishop e. Schneider (46 Mo. 477)
734, 737
Bishop «. Williamson (11 Me. 405)
678, 718, 700, 701 Bissell V. Gold (1 Wend. 210). .. 610
V. Kip (5 Johns. 80) 750
V. Saxton (66 K. Y. 55).287, 280 0. Spencer (0 Conn. 267). . . 804 Blackburn, BBf)arte{6 Pike, 22) 1013 Blacket «. Blizard (0 B. & C.
851) 672
Blair v. Barrett (1 Barb. 808). . . 227 9. Ridgely (41 Mo. 63). 145, 146 Blake v. Johnson (1 N. H. 01). . 603 V. United States (14 Ct. CI.
462) 418
Blakely v, Bennecke (50 Mo.
103) 816
Blanchard v. Goss (2 N. H. 401)
600 768 V. Stearns (5 Mete. 208) . 68o! 696 Blanding v. Rogers (2 Brey. 804) 750 Bledsoe «. International R R.
Co. (40 Tex. 537) 957
Blevins 9. Baker (11 Ired. 201). 782
Blin 9. Hay (2 Tyler, 804) 671
Bliss 9. Clark (16 Gray, 60) 654
9. Day (68 Me. 201) 828
9. Lawrence (58 N. Y.
442) 874
Blodgett 9. Brattleboro (80 Yt
570) 766
Bloom 9. Burdick (1 HUl, 180). .
616, 627 Bloomer 9. Todd (10 Pac. Rep.
135) 161
Bloomington v. Blodgett (24 HL
App. 650) 085
Bloomington School Tp. 9. Nat. School Pur. Co. (107
Ind. 43) 829
Blue 9. Peter (40 Kans. 701) 227
BluDt 9. Sbeppard (1 Mo. 210). . 708 Blythe 9. Thompkins (2 Abb.
Pr. 468) 619. 624
Board 9. Judice (30 La. Ann. 806) 260 9. Quick (00 N. Y. 138). . . . 806 9. Sackrider (35 N. Y. 154)
572, 578 Board of Education 9. Fonda
(77N. Y. 350) 260. 287
9. McLandsborough(360hio
St.a27) 018
Board of Justices 9. Fennimore
(Coxe, 242). ... 800, Oil, 913 Board of Liquidation 9. McComb
(02U. S.531)..662. 886, 007 Boardman r. Halliday (10 Paige,
232) 822. 828
9. Hayne (29 Iowa, 846). . . 680 0. Thompson (25 Iowa, 487) 877
TABLE OF OASES OITED.
xlv
Beferences are to Sections.
Bobbeti t. State (10 Kans. 9). . . 948 Bocock e.Oochran (83 Hun, 521)
619, 682 Boehmer «. Schuylkill County
(46Penii. St. 452).. .. 295
BoggB 0. State (46 Tex. 10) 300
«. Vandyke (8 Harr. 228) ... 779 Bohart 9. Oberne (86 Eans. 284)
542, 548 Bohlman «. Railway Go. (40
Wis.' 167) 268
Bolan «. Williamaon (1 BreT.
181) 38.718,787, 791
Bolaod CL People (25 Hun, 428). 207 Bolding 9. State (23 Tex. App.
172) 780
Bollman «. Loomis (41 Ckmn,
581) 852
Bolton 0. Cummings (25 Conn.
410) 759
V. Good (N. J. L. 296) 174
Bonar e. McDonald (3 H. L. Cas.
226) 804
Bonafous o. Walker (2 T. R
126) 759
Bond «. Ward (7 Mass. 128),
748.749, 782 Bonds 9. Stote (1 Mart. & Yerg.
143) 569
Bondnrant «. Lane (9 Port. 484), 766 Bonesteel «. Bonesteel (28 Wis.
245) 905
V. Bonesteel (80 Wis. 511). 905 Bonnerv. State (7 Ga. 478). .217, 478 Bonnell t . Bowman (58 111. 460),
752. 758, 754, 75S. 766 Bonnel v, Dunn (28 N. J. L. 1 58), 774 fit Dunn (29 N. J. L. 845). 774 Bonsall 9. Comly (44 Penn. St.
442) 774
Bonta 0. Mercer County Court
(7Bu8b576) 269
Boodyv. United States (IWoodb.
&M.150) 292
Boom V. Utica.. 884
Boone County «. Jones (64 Iowa
699) 270, 289
«. Keck (81 Ark. 885) 875
Booth V.Lloyd (88 Fed. Rep. 598) 789
V. Wiley (102 111. 84) 532
Booze 9. Humbird (37 Md. 4). . . 948
Borden 9. Fitch (15 Johns. 121), 630
9, Houston (2 Tex. 594), 836. 676
9. State (11 Ark. 519) 619
Boring 9. Williams (17 Ala. 510),
26o 269 Boeseaa 9. O'Brien (4 Biss. 895),' 642 Boston Hat Manufactoiy 9, Mes-
singer (2 Pick. 228). . . . 804
Bouanchaud «. De Hebert (21
La. Ann. 188) 76-
Boucher o. Wiseman (Cro. Ells.
440) ^ 4S0'
Bowen «. Hixon (45 Mo! SAO). '. .' 212 9. Morris (2 Taunt 874). .. . 568
806. 91» Bowerbank «. Morris (J. B. Wall.
119) ..459. 460
Bowler o. Drain Commissioner
(47Mich. 154) 268
BowUng 9. Arthur (84 Miss. 41), 704 Bowmaker «. Moore (7 Price
228) 806
Bowman «. Officer (58 Iowa, 640). 889 Boyd 9. Chesapeake Canal Co.
(17Md. 195) 846
9. Ferris (10 Humph. 406). . 685 Boyden e. Burke (14 How. 575),
688.788, 740 9. United States (18 Wall.
17) 298, 800, 912
Boykin «. Edwards (21 Ala. 261), 624
9. State (50 Miss. 875) 268
Boylan 9. Warren (39 Eans. 80),
687,738,739, 966 Boyland «. Mayor and Aldermen of N. Y. (1 Sand. 27),
511, 884 Boynton 9. Willard (10 Pick.
166) 758
Boyter «. Dodsworth (6 T. R
681) 838
Brackenridge 9, State (*— Tex.
— ) 458
Brackett 9. Blake (7 Mete. 835), 874' 9. Yining (49 Me. 356), 665, 698 Braconier 9, Packard (186 Mass.
50) 970
Bradford 0. Justices (83 Ga. 332).
10, 12 Bradley's Case (7 Wall. 864). ... 29* Bradley «. Fisher (18 Wall. 385).
619.621.628.629, 640* 9. Richmond (6 Yt. 121). ... 876 Bradwell v. Illinois (16 Wall.
180) 78
Brady 9, Howe (50 Miss. 607)
79 478'
9. Mayor (16 How. Pr. 432)1 529
9. Mayor (20 N. Y. 812), 511, 884
«. Sweetland (13 Eans. 41), 994
Brainerd 9. Dunning (30 N. Y.
211) 541
9. Head (15 La. Ann. 489),
690.768, 769- Branch «• Wiseman (51 Ind. 8), 782 Branham e. Long (78 Ya. 862). . 262 Brass v. Worth (40 Barb. 648), 642
xlvi
TABLE OF CA8B8 CITSD.
Beferences are to Sections.
Brasyer v. Maclean (L. R 6 P.
C.C.898) 764
Braudlacht, Sb parU (2 Hin,867)
1016, 1019 Bray e. Gunn (68 Ga. 144). . .652, 560
Brazelton v. Oolyar (2 Bazt. 234) 806 Brock V. Blanchard (20 K. H.
328) 759
BrodJQ 0. Dubarry (14 S. <fe R.
27) 662
Breed v. City Bank (6 Ool. 235), 552 Bremsen v, Enji^ler (49 N. Y.
Super. Ct. 172) 866
Brennan e. Mayor (62 N. Y.
365) 80
V. Willson (71 N. Y. 502). . . 671
Bresler v. Butler (60 Mich. 40). . 959 Bnwer v. Davie (9 Humph. 208),
142, 170, 177
«. King (63 Ala. 511) 283
9. Watson (71 Ala. 299)
788, 739 Browster «. Vail (1 Spenc. 56),
891, 892 Bridge «. Oakey (2 La. Ann.
968) 639,640, 695
Bridges «. Perry (14 Vt. 262). , . 760
Brigham v. Peters (1 Gray, 189), 552
Briggs 9. Coleman (61 Ala. 561), 665
«. Gleason (29 Vt. 78) 775
t. Taylor (28 Vt. 180) 760
9. Wardwell (10 Mass. 856), 635
•. Whipple (6 Vt. 96) 879
Bright V. Patton (5 Mack. 534). .
770, 906
Brinley «. Maun (2 Cush. 837) . . 804
Brisbin «. Cleary (26 MIdd. 107). 194 Brissac v. Lawrence (2 Blatch.
121) 798
Bristol «. Johnson (34 Mich.
1232. 995
Brittain f. Einnaird (I Brod. &
Bing. 441) 621
Broad «. Paris (66 Ttx. 1 19). . . . 289
Brock V. Hopkins (5 Neb. 231), 686
V. Jones (16 Tez. 461) 559
«. Stimson (108 Mass. 520), 770 Brodhead 0. Milwaukee (19 Wis.
624) 177, 182
Brodie «. Campbell (17 Cal. 11),
118, 886
«. Rutledge (2 Bay, 69) 619
Bronson o. Chappeil (12 Wall.
681) 557
«. Woolsey (17 Johns. 46). . 806 Brooke v. Widdicombe (89 Md.
386) 948
Brooklyn v. Breslin (57 K. Y.
591) 667
Brooks f). CallowaY (12 Leigh,
466) ^ 77
9, Martin (2 Wall. 70) 915
Brophy 0. Marble (118 Mass. 548) 881 Brother v. Cannon (2 111. 200). . 769 Brower «. 0*Brien (2 Ind. 423).
209, 217 Brown «. Austin (I Mass. 208).
806, 818 f». Blanchard (89 Mich. 790), 1011 e. Chapman (6 M. G. A S.
365) 899
V. County Treasurer (54
Mich. 182) 964
V. Crego (82 Iowa, 498). . . • 964
V, Gardner (Harr. 291) 995
«. Godfrey (33 Vt. 120) . . .
876, 885 V. Haywood (4 Heisk. 857) . . 98 9. Howard (14 Johns. 119). • 642
V. Lunt (37 Me. 428) 817
«. Lane (19 Tez. 208) 782
«. Lester (18 S. & M. 802),
686. 787 V. McCollom (76 Iowa.479). 200 «. McCormick (28 Mich.
215) 506
9. Mosely (11 Smedes, &
M.854) 284
V. O'Connell (86 Conn. 432).
8^0 829
V. Parker (7 Allen , 839) . ! ! ! 825 «. Probate Judge (42 Mich.
501) 279
e. Randall (36 Conn. 56). . . 903 «. Rush Co. (— Kans.— ). . . 210 V. Smith (24 Barb. 419) 639. 640 •. Turner (70 N. C. 93). . .5,
51,217,464, 478 «. VinalhaYen (65 Me. 402),
850, 852 «. Winnisimmet Co. (11
Allen, 826) 634
f. Wright (17 Vt. 97) 581
Brown Co. 0. State (2 Ohio,348). 751 Browning 9. Commissioners (44
Ind. 11) 852
«. Hanford (5 Hill, 588).
760, 761 «. McGarrahan (9 Walk.
298) 958
fL Rittenhouse (88 N. J. L.
279) 769
Bruce «. United States (17 How.
437) 287
Bruce, Lord, Case of (2 Strange,
819) 478, 486
Bruen v. Ogden (6 Halst. 370).
774, 782
TABLE OF OASES CITED.
xlvii
BeferexLoes are to Sections.
Brumby «. Smith (8 Ala. 128... 398 BnmoU «. McKee (6 Watte, 8.
518) 284
Bryan «. Cattell (15 Iowa 588),
442.406, 960 «. East St. Louis (12 UL
App.890) 995
V. Hubbs (69 N. C. 428). . . 772 V, Reynolds (5 Wis. 200),
860, 861 Bryant r. Hendricks (5 Iowa,
236) 889
«. Moore (26 Me. 84) 542
V. St. Paul (88 Minn. 289),
850. 851 Buck V, Ashley (87 Vt. 475), 679, 775 «. ColliDS (51 Ga. 895), 687, 789 «. First National Back (27
MiclL298) 865
BachaosD v. Alexander (4 How.
20) 875
Buckmao «. Commissioner (80
N. C. 121) 945
Buckner v. Gordon (81 Ky. 666), 148
0. Veuve (63 Cal. 804) 1016
Bodd V. State (8 Humph. 488), 521 Buffalo e. Mackay (15 Hun, 204, 898 Boifalo R R Co. v. Supervis- ors (48 N.Y. 98) 689
Buflandeau «. Edmondson (17
Cal. ^Vi) 772
V. Brooks (28 Cal. 641). ... 890 Boflbam v. Racine C26 Wis. 449), 875 BnUer, In re (45 Cal. 558), 889, 465 Bulkley e. Derby Fishing Co.
(2 Conn. 252) 534
BuHettv Clement (16 B. Mon.
193) 619. 624
Bollock V, Taylor (89 Mich.
187) 282
Banker v. Miles (80 Me. 431). . 839
Bunn V. Jetmore (70 Mo. 228). . 279
e. People (45 111. 397). 4, 5.
8 85 Bunting «. Gales (77 N. C. 283)! 465 «. Willis (27 Gratt. 144). .. . 414 Burbridge «. Fackler (2 McAr-
thur.407) 864
Burch «. Hardwicke (28 Gratt
61) 1020
Burdett «. Abbott (14 East. 1), 779 Burdick «. Baboock (81 Iowa,
662) 721, 780
Burger v. State (1 McMull. 410). 1020 Burgess e. Ere (L. R 18 £q.
Cas. 460) 810
«. Wareham (7 Gray, 845). 843 Bark e. Campbell (15 «robns.
456) 764
Burk V. Webb (82 Mich.174). 874, 882 Burke v, Elliott (4 Ired. L. 855),
818, 828
e. Perry (—Neb. — ) 215
V, Supervisors (4 W. Va.
871) 210
9. Trevitt (1 Mason. 96)... . 801 Burkett v. McCarty (10 Bush,
758) 167
Burkholtz v. State (16 Lea, 71).. 186 Burlingham v, Wylee (2 Root,
152) 906
Bumapv. March (18 111. 685).. 564
Burnett v. Craig (80 Ala. 135), 992 Burnham v. Fond du Lac (16
Wis. 198) 875
V. Morrissey (14 Gray, 226), 652
V. Stevens (33 N. H..247). . . 619
Bums «. Lane (108 Mass. 850), 760
0. Lynde (6 Allen, 805) 278
Buron e. Denman (2 Ex. 167), 564 Burr V, McDonald (8 Gratt. 215),
479, 481 Burrell «. Bull (8 Sandf. Ch.
16) 889
Burrill v. Augusta (78 Me. 118), 851 9, Nab ant Bank (2 Mete.
163) 636, 888
Burroughs v. Lowder (8 Mass.
878) 759
Burt V. Winona (81 Minn. 472),
824, 825 Burton v. Fulton (49 Penn. St.
151), 689, 640. 718, 719, 787
V. Patton (2 Jones L. 124). 828 «. Tuite (— Mich. —)» «87,
738, 789
«. Wilkinson (18 Vt. 186), 779
Bushell's case (1 Mod. 119) 619
Bushey e. Baths (45 Mich. 181). 775 Buskirk t>. Judge (7 W. Va. 91). 1014
Bussier t. Pray (7 S. & R. 447), 862
Busteed v. Parsons (54 Ala. 893) 619
Butcher v. Bank (2 Eans. 70). . 516
e. Erauth (14 Bush, 718). . . 889
Butler V, Kent (19 Johns. 223), 598 V, Pennsylvania (10 How.
402) 463. 465,503. 857
e. Potter (17 Johns. 145).
619. 621
V. Regente (82 Wis. 124), 84. 481
e. State (20 Ind. 169) 126
«. Supervisors (26 Mich. 22). 521 e. United States (21 Wall.
272) 278
V. Washburn (25 N. H. 251), 759
Buzzell V. Johnson (54 Vt. 90), 698 Butterworth «. United States
(119U. S. 50) 608 958
I
xlviii
TABLE OF CASES CITED.
Beferenoes are to SeotionB.
Buttrick 9. Lowell (1 AUen 177), 851 Byington «. Hamilton (87 Kans.
758) 964, 970
Byler «. Asher (47 III. 101), 149, 150 Byles V. Genung (52 Mich. 504),
690. 768
Byrd e. Hughes (84 III. 174). ... 852
Byrae v, Bute (50 Miss. 688). . . 296
Cabaniss t. Hill (74 Gku 845). . . 942 Cable V, Cooper (15 Johns. 142). 772 Cabin V, Insurance Co. (2
Dougl. 124) 828, 880
Cahokia e. Stutenberg (88 111.
219) 806.808, 822
Cain «. Ingham (7 Cow. 478). . . 518 Cairn 68 e, Bleecker (12 Johns.
800) 560
Cairo etc. R E. G., 9. Mahoney
<82 111.78) 586 888
Calder v, Holket (8 Moo. 28). . .
628, 634 Caldwell v. Auger (4 Minn. 217; 782 e. Harrison (11 Ala. 755). . .
571, 572 V. Hawkins (40 Me. 526). . .
690. 768. 769 Calender v. Olooit (1 Mich. 844)
570. 584 Calhoun County v, Galbraith
(99 U.S. 676) 887
California, &c. R.Co. v. Central
&c. R. Co. (46 Cal. 531) 941 Call Ex parte (8 Tex. App. 497), 420 Callender p. Marsh (1 Pick 418} 642 Callison v. Hedrick (15 Gratt.
244) 117
Calvert «. Stone (10 B. Mon.
152) 779
Oalwell 9. Boone (51 Iowa, 687),
850, 851 Cambria Street, In re (75 Penn.
857) 258
Camden v. Allen (26 N. J. L.
399) 787
9, Mulford (2 Dutch. 56). . . 648 Cameron t. Campbell (3 Hawks,
285) 306
9. Lewis (56 Miss. 76) 889
9. Reynolds (Cowp. 408). . . 679 Camp 9. United States (118 U.S.
648)....-... 831
Campbell v. Braden (81 Eans.
754) 224
«. Commissioners (58 Ala.
527) 851
Campbell o. Hall a6 TX. Y. 575), 497
«. Phelps (1 Pick. 62) 797
9. Sherman (85 Wis. 103). . 681
9. Union Bank (6 How. 661) 521 Canada v. Southwick (16 Pick.
556) 758, 76^
Candee Ex parte (48 Ala. 886). . 814
Cannon o. Janvier (8 Houst. 27) 948 Capen e. Foster (12 Pick. 485). .
149, 150, 151. 639. 695 Capps 9. Adams County (—Neb.
— ) 86»
Cardlvalv. Smith (109 Mass. 158) 908 Carew «. Matthews (41 Mich.
576) 788
Carey 9. State (84 Ind. 105) 284
Carle 9. Delesdemler (18 Me.368) 648 Carleton «. People (10 Mich. 250)
817. 824
9, Whitcher (5 N. H. 196). 856-
Carlisle o. Soule (44 Yt 265). . . 747 9. United States (16 Wall.
147) 168
Carlson «. Small (82 Minn. 492). 774
Carlton c. Davis (8 Allen, 94). . . 782 Carmack v. Commonwealth (5
Blnn. 184) 284. 290
Carman r. Newell (1 Denio, 25) 518
Carmichel 9. Bank (4 How. 56*3), 569 Carmichael 9, Governor (8 How.
236) 290
Carondelet v. Picot (38 Mo. 125) 787 Carpenters, Matter of (7 Barb.
80) 85^
Carpenter o. Commissioner (64
Mich. 475) 1004
9, Titus (38 Eans. 7). . . .251 266-
«. Willett (81 N. Y. 90) 759
Carr «. Houser (46 Ga. 477) 840
9. Northern Liberties (35
Penn. St. 824) 594
9. Phillips (39 Mich. 819) ... 508
9, State (111 Ind. 101). ..445 449
Carratt o. Morley (1 A. &E. 18) 899
Carrick v. Lamar (116 U. S. 428) 659
Carrier 9. Esbaugh (70 Penn. St.
289) 777
Carrington «. St. Louis (89 Mo.
208) 845-
Carroll v. Mayor (12 Ala. 178). . 1006 9, Siebenthaler (37 Col. 198)
882, 871 Carroll County 9. Ruggles (69
Iowa, 275) 279«
«. Smith ail U. a 556). ... 888 Carrothers «. Russell (53 Iowa,
846) 872, 878
Carson «. McPhetridge (15 Ind.
827) 89, flOe*
TABLB OF CASES CITED.
xliz
Beferenoes are to Seotdons.
Oirter «. Dow (16 Wis. 298). . .
619, 621 «.Doffgan (144 Mass. 82). .
^^ 752 762
«. Harrison (5 Blsckf. 138)!
689, 695 «. G^pson (8 B. Hon. 155), 117 «. Union Bank, (7 Humph.
548 569
Carathers «. Bprayberry (26 Ga.
487) 757
Carrerv. Astor (4 Pet. 1) .... 924 Caiy 9. Hewitt (26 Mich. 228) . . 788 «. Western Union Tel. Co.
(47Han, 510) 860
V. State (76 Ala. 78). . . .828. 829
QuM 9, Blood (68 Iowa 486) 942
«. Blood (71 Iowa 682), 946. 972
V. State (69 Ind. 46) 820, 841
V. Woolley (6 Dana, 17). . . . 627 Cash. Appellant (6 Mich. 198). . 521 Cass «. Bdlows (81 K. H. 501). . 581 Cass County v. Johnston (95 U.
S.860) 205
Cassatt V. Barber County (89
Eans. 505) 988, 971
Castle ▼. Parker (18 L. T. Rep.
867) 674, 787
•. UlDta County (2 Wy o. 126) 857 Catlin 9. Smith (2 8. A R. 267), 162 Oattell 0. Lowry 45 Iowa, 478) 200 Canlfield e. Bullock (18 B. Mon.
495) 689. 640, 695
(^avaoagh e. Boston (189 Mass.
426) a52
Cave «. Caye (15 Ch. Div. 858), 844 Cawley «. People (95 Dl. 249). .
79. 165, 809 Cedar Rapids, etc. R. R. (>>. v.
Stewart (25 Iowa, 115), 571 Chadwick «. Enoz (31 N. H.
226) 866
Chalk e. Darden (47 Tex. 488), 957 Chalker v. Ives (55 Penn.St. 81) 692 Chamberlain v. Clayton (56 Iowa
881) 6i9, 719
e. Dover (18 Me. 466) 554
«. Sibley (4 Minn. 809)610,
954. 956 Chambers «. Thomas (8 A. K.
Marsh. 586) 524
Chandler e. Bradish (28 Yti 416) 897 % Lawrence, (128 Mass. 218)
888, 408 «. Mass. R. R Commission- ers (Ul Mass. 208) 1019
«. Nash (5 Mich. 409). 514, 515 C^pUi «. Hoel, (11 111. App.
800) : 774
iv
Chapman e. Clark (49 Mich. 805) 0. Commonwealth(25 Gratt
721) 292
«. Dyett (11 Wend. 81). . . . 906 V. Ferguson (1 Barb. 267). . 199
V. Lee(49 Ala. 148) 581
V, Limerick (56 Me. 890). . • 568 V. McCrea (63 Ind. 360). . . . 704 V. Thomburgh (17 Cal. 87), 757 Charles v. Haskins (11 Iowa,
829) 269, 284
e. Haskins (14 Iowa. 471). . 290 9. Hoboken (8 Dutch. 208). . 572
e. Waugh (35 III. 315; 581
Charlotte &c. R. R. Co. v. Gow
(59Ga.6S5) 810
Chase v. Fish (16 Me. 186) 648
«. Heaney (70 111. 2(i^). .688,
740, 741 9. Plymouth (20 Yt. 469). .
745, 746 Chastian «. Smith (80 Ga. 96).. ! 889 Chatham f>. Bradford (50 Ga.827) 787 Cheatham, E» parte {6 Ark. 437) 941 ChetUey v. Brewer (7 Mass. 259) 876 Cheeyer «. Merritt (5 Allen. 568)
690, 768 Chegary v. Jenkins (5 N. T. 876)
690. 768 Chelmsford v. Demarest (7
Gray, 1) 286
Chenowith e. Chamberlain (6 B.
Mod. 60) 569
V, Commissioners (26 W.
Va. 230) 1008
Chestnutwood v. Hood (68 111.
182) 996
Chicago V. Gage (95 III. 598). . .
251,260, 889 e. McGraw (75 111. 570). ... 887 e. Railroad Co. (105 111. 85). 887 Chicago &c. Ry. Co. e. Lang- lade Co. (56 Wis. 614).. 820 Chicago R. R. Co. 9. Whipple
(22111. 105) 1010
Chickering v, Robinson (8 Cush.
56) 619, 624
Child «. Boston (4 Allen, 41). . . 851 Chiles «. State (45 Ark. 148). .. . 828 Chinn o. Chinn (22 La. Ann.
599) 916
Chisholm v. Coleman (48 Ala.
204) 441, 870
Chittenden v. State (41 Wis.
285). 1011
Chorlton e. Lings (L. R. 4 C. P.
874) 78
Chouteau e. Allen (70 Mo. 290).
586,888. 844
I
TABLE OF CA8E8 CTTBD.
References are to Sections,
Choutflau e. Rowse (S6 Mo. 65), 665 Chrisman «. Bruce (1 Duy. 68). .
689, 695 Christian v. Gibbs (63 Miss. 314) 881 Christlieb v. County Commis- sioners (— Minn. — ). .. 1008 Christopher v. Van Liew (57
Barb. 17) 685
Chumasero v. Potts (2 Mont.
242) 610.954, 956
Church V. Sterling (16 Conn.
888) 584, 889
Churchill v. Fewkes (18 HI.
App. 520) 710
V. Walker (68 Ga. 681) 490
Cicotte «. Morse (8 Mich. 424).. 1011 «. Wayne County (59 Mich.
509) 945, 968
Citizens' Bank«. Wright (6 Ohio
St. 818) 947. 960
Citizens' Loan Ass'n e. Nugent
(11 Vroom, 215)...286, 806 City Bank v. Bangs (2 Edw. Ch.
95) 885
City Council v. Louisyille R R.
Co. (84 Ala. 127) 992
City of Chicago v. Gage (95 HI. 598).. §51, 265, 266, 278,
279,280,289 438 City of Detroit v, Jackson (1
Doug.106) 534
City of Jackson t. Bowman (89
Miss. 671) 869
City of Lafayette c. James (92
Ind. 240) 806
City of Lowell v. Parker (10
Mete. 809) 290
Claasen v. Shaw (5 Watts. 468). 271 Clap c. Cofran (10 Mass. 378). .. 759 Claridge v. Evelyn (5 B. <& Aid.
81) 71, 206
Clark V. Azford (6 Mich. 182). . 769
«. Boggs (6 Ala. 809) 876
«. Buchanan (2 Minn. 846).. 210 V. Cleveland (6 Hill, 844). .. 759 9. Commissioners (83 Eana.
202) 200
f. County Bxaminers (64
Me.596) 199
«, County Examiners (126
Mass. 282) 209
«. Crane (57 Cal. 629) 942
«. Des Moines (19 Iowa,
199).506, 511, 809. 880, 884 «. Directors (24 Iowa. 266). 072 «. Fozcroft (6 Greenl. 296). 764 f. Holdridge (58 Barb. 61)..
619, 632 «. Lamb (76 Ala. 406) .. 282, 288
Clark r. Leathers (— Ky. — ). . . 178 c. Marshall (84 Mo. 489) .... eSS c. McKenzie (7 Bush, 528).
210,217. 973 «. Miller (54 N. Y. 528)....
664^665,784, 785 «. Mobile CommiBsioners
(36Ala. 621) 875
«. Moody (17 Maias. 146). . . .
295, 915 V. People (15 lU. 217).. 480.
491, 492 V. Polk County (19 Iowa,
247) 511. 884
9. Pratt (55 Mo. 546) 510
«. Bobinson (88 111. 498).. . .
164. 187, 199 f>. Skinner (20 Johns. 465) . . 774 9. Spicer (6 Kans. 440). 619. 682
D. Stanley (66 K. C. 59) 480
«. Supervisors (88 Mich.
658) 968
t. United States (95 U. S.
539) 831
«. Washington (12 Wheat
54) 567
e. Withers (6 Mod. 292) 891
CisLTke 0. Lyon Co. (8 Nev. 188),
529, 654 V. May (2 Gray, 410). . .619,
680, 6S(1, 634 «. Van Reimsdyke (9 Cranch,
158) . 558
Clay V. Creek (84 Mich. 204). . . 1007 9. Spratt (7 Bush, 834). 552, 560 «. Sandefer (12 B. Mon. 834) 904 Clay County v. McAleer (115 U.
8. 616) 942
V, SaviniFS Society (104 U.
S.579) 887
Clayton t>. Harris (7 Nev. 64). .. 148 9. Heidelberg (17 Miss. 623)
1019. 1020 Clealand «. Walker (11 Ala.
1058) 557, 804
Cleaver «. Commonwealth (34
Penn. St. 283) 478
Cleland c. Porter (74 111. 76). . . 178 Clement v. Everest (29 Mich. 19) 995 Cleveland, In re (— N. J. — ). . 214 Clifton V. Grayson (2 Stew. 412) 906 Clippinger o. Hepbaugh ^5
Watts <& Se rg. 315) .... 860 Clodfelter «. State (86 N. C. 51) 849 Closson V. Morrison (47 N. H.
482) 770
V, Staples (42 Y t. 209) 903
Clute V. Barron (2 Mich. 194). . .
889, 840
TABLE OF 0A8BS OTTSD.
U
Beferenoes are to Sections,
OotI «L Oom (^ HI. 78) 840
Cobbv. Wanemaker (78 Penn.
8t.501) 923
Cobbey «. Burks (11 Neb. 157). 1025
Oochran «. Gbitwood (59 111. 63), 549
Oocke «. Halsey (16 Pet. 71) . . . 817
God wise «. Hacker (1 Gai. 526). 548
Gody «. Adams (7 Gray, 59).9O0, 906
«. Qainn (6 Ired. 191) 745
Goe c. Wise (5 Best. <& S. 489). . 615 Goffey V. Edmonds (58 Gal. 521)
200 224 •GoffLn V. Goffln (4 Mass. 1). .649|
650, 651, 652
«. State (7 Ind. 157) 857
Goglan «. Beard (65 Gal. 58). . .. 229 -Gohen v. Gommissioners (77 K.
G 2) 992
Cohn «. Beals (61 Miss. 8*^. . . ! 822
Goit 9. Elliott (28 Ark. 294). .. . 949
Ooite «. LvDes (88 Gonn, 109). . 457
•Golby o. Sampson (5 Mass. 810), 759 <Me V. Black River Falls (57
Wis. 110) 820, 824, 827
V, Ohapman (44 Gonn. 601), 120
«. Parker (7 Iowa, 167) 744
«. Bachae (87 Minn. 878),
e&7,m, 789
«. Trustees (27 Barb. 218), 621
Ooleman «. Stark (1 Oreg. 115), 548
9. Ormond (M Ala. S2S)... 288
«. Pike Go. (88 Ala. 826). . . 289
Oolerain «. Bell (9 Meto. 499),
800 oia Gollier 9. Windham (27 Ala!
29n 868, 890
-Gollins 9. Buckeye State Ins.
Go. (17 Ohio St. 215), 825 f. Huff (68 QtL 207), 184.
478 490
9. Mavor (8 Hun, 680) .....' 82
9. McDaniel (66 Ga 208). . . 686
9. Rainey (42 Ark. 581). ... 889
9. State (8 Ind. 844). . . .108, 126
9, Suau (7 Robt. 628) 541
«. Terrall (2 S. & M. 886). . 760
f. Tracy (36 Tex. 546) 445
«L Waggoner (Breese, 26), 541 Ooleman «. Anderson (10 Mass.
105) 690.768, 769
Ccdomba v. Eaves (92 U. 8.
484) 887
Colt 9, Roberto (28 Gonn. 880). 972 Odlton 9, Beardsley (88 Barb. N.
Y. 29) 485
9. Hancbett (18 III 615) ... • 996
• «. Price (50 Ala. 424) 994
Oolombas Ac. Ry. Go. o. Board
(65Ind. 427) 615
Gombs «. Scott (12 Allen, 498),
542,548, 888 Gomer v. Bankhead (70 Ala
498) 806
9. Enowles (17 Kans. 436), 781 Gommercial Bank v. Barksdale
(36 Mo. 565) 569
9, Gunningham (24 Pick.
270) 845
9. Jones (81 Tex. 811). .541, 542
9. Eortright (22 Wend. 348), 27U 9. Varnum (49 N. Y. 269),
569, 704, 705 Gommlssioner 9. Anderson (20
Eans. 298) 882, 498
9. Bond (3 Gol. 411) 875
9. Gounty (20 Md. 449). ... 950
9. Gox (6 Ind. 403) . . .511, 834 9, Greenwood (1 Desaus.
Eq. 450) 286
9, Lineberger (3 Mont. 281), 802
9, Smith (5 Tex. 471) 657
9. Walker (6 How. 148), 898, 895 Gommon wealth e. Alexander (4
H. & M. 522) 1028
9. Allen (128 Mass. 808). ... 485
«.^Allen (70 Penn. St 465), 214
9. Arnold (8 Littell 816). ... 570 9, Arrlson (15 Serg. & R
188) 484
9, Athearn (8 Mass. 285) 484
e. Bacon (6 Serg. & R. 822),
468,465,503. 857
«. Barry (Hard. 229). . .457, 458
0. Baxter (35 Penn. 268). . . 215
9, Birchett (2 Ya. Gas. 51), 488 9. Boono Gity Gourt (82 Ey.
682) 945, 974
9, Ghambers (1 J. J. Marsh,
160) 457, 458
9. Burding (12 Gush. 506). . 517 9. Cluley (56 Penn. St. 270),
206 484
9. Gole (7 B. Men. 250). . . ! 682
9. Gomly 912
•• Gommissioners (87 Penn.
St. 237) 949
9. Gommissioners (6 Whart.
476) 217
t. Gommissioners (1 S. & R
382) 483, 490
9, Gommissioners (9 Watts
466-471) 572
«. Gommercial Bank (28
Penn. st. 888), 491, 498
9. Grotty (10 Allen, 803) 770
9. Dennison (24 How. 66),
982 988
9, Emery (11 Gush. 406) . . . ! 617
lu
TABLE OF CASES CITED.
Beferenoes are to Sections.
Ck)mmonwealth «. Emminger (74
Penn. St. 479) 211
«. Field (— Va. — ) 920
V. Fowler (10 Mass. 290). . . 490 «. Bvans (74 Penn. St. 124),
8, 62 «. Gamble (68 Penn. St
343), 1, 40, 467, 480. 504 V. (^rrigues (28 Penn. St.
9) 214. 216
9. Genther (17 S. <& R. 135), 1022
V. Gill (14 B. Mon. 20) 753
«. Haines (97 Penn. St. 229).
639,708, 717 f. Hanly (9 Penn. St. 513),
108. 126. 128, 129, 131, 401 9. Harmer (6 Pbila. 90), 674. 787 V. Henry (49 Penn. St. 530). 970 V, Henszey (81i Penn. St.
101) 214
«. Holmes (25 Gratt. 771).
304.805.306. 307 «. Irwin (1 Allen, 507).... 779 «. Jones (10 Bush, 725). 77, 212 V, Jones (12 Penn. St. 365),
480.484 489 «. Kane (108 Mass. 423). . . ! 117 «. Lecky (6 S. & R. 166). . 672 V, Leech (44 Penn. St. 332),
214,215, 486
«. Lewis (Binn. 266) 926
«. Lex. & H. T. C. (6 B.
Mon. 898) 488
t. Lightf oot (7 B. Mon. 298),
764, 755 «. Logan (1 Bibb. 529). ... 925 t. Magee (8 Penn. St. 140),
757, 758
«. Mann (5 W. & S.40d) 857
V. Mann (5 W. & S. 418).
463,465,467. 503 «. McClelland (83 Ky. 686),
149, 186 9. McOloskey (2 Rawle,369),
214, 483 «. McCoy (8 Watts. 163) ... . 764 «. McLaughlin (120 Penn.
St. 618) 946
fL Meeser(44 Penn. St 341),
214, 490 fL Mitchell (82 Penn. St.
843) 938
fi Morrisey (86 Penn. St.
416) 55 68
V. Peck (6 Hill, 215) 896
V. Rosseter (2 Binn. 360). . . 941 «. Wickersham (90 Penn.
St. 311) 967
«. Randall (4 Gray, 86) 731
Commonwealth «. Read (3 Ac^
261) 909
e. Reigart (14 Serg. « R216) 484
V, Reynolds (120 Mass. 190), 779
«. Rodes (6 B. Mon. 171). .. 10211 «. Shayer (8 W. A S. 838).
460, if» e. SUfer (26 Penn. 28).. 881.
460. 462, 469, 460. 67»
9. Small (26 Penn. St. 81). . 480
e. Smith (132 Mass. 289). . . 174
V. Smith (4 Phlla. 61) 290
V. Sprenger (5 Binn. 358). . . 489 9. Stockton (5 T. B. Mon.
192) 284
«. Sutherland (8 Serg..<& R.
149) 8
s. Swasey (138 Mass. 538). . 4
0. Teal (14 B. Mon. 29) 27»
V. Thompson (8 Dana. 801).. 76!^
V. Tobin (108 Mass. 426). . . 117
«. Tuttle (12 Cush. 505). ... 617 «. Vandyke (67 Penn. St.
fi Walter (88 Penn. St. 106),
78, 167, 478, 480. 490 «. Watmough (6 Whart.
117) 756. 768
«. Williams (79 Ey. 42).. 457, 47»
«. Woelper (8 S. & R. 29). . . 198
V. Wolbert (6 Binn. 292) ... 278 Compton «. Pniitt (88 lad. 171),
674, 78T Comstock «. Grand Rapids (40
Mich. 897) 883, 49S
Ck)ndit V. Commissioners (25 Ind.
422) 949
Cone 9. Forest (126 Mass. 97). . . 69S Conger v. Chicago, etc., Ry. Co.
(24 Wis. 157) 845
o. Gilmer (32 Cal. 76) 114
Conkey «. Bond (36 N. Y. 427).. 889
Conklin v. Aldrich (98 Mass. 588). 478
Connah «. Hale (23 Wend. 466). 774 Connelly «. Walker (9 Wright,
«. Woods (81 E!aiUL"859),
619, 90» Conner «. Mayor (6 N. Y. 285).
882,464,465 608 V. New York (2 Sandf . 856).
463 867
Connett s. Chicago (114 HL 288)! 669 Connors «. Adams (18 Hun,
480) 665
Oonover v. Commonwealth (2 A.
K. Marsh. 666) 770^
«. Devlin (16 How. Pr. 470),
822,823, 82»
TABLE OF OASES OTTED.
litt
BeferenooB are to Sections.
Conrad, i» r»(16 Fed. Bep.641), 859 Goniey «. Copeland (4 La. Ann,
807) 85
Oonroe o. Ball (7 Wis. 406) 515
Oonroj «. Gale (47 N. Y. 665). . 685 OoDsUnt V. University (111 N.
604) 844
OonTerae «. McKee (Tex. 80) . . . 782 «. United States (31 How.
468) 806, 881
Conway, In n (17 Wis. 526). ... 158
«. St. Louis (9 Mo. Ap. 488), 828 Conwell «. Yoorhees (18 Ohio,
523) 88,678.718, 792
Cook o. Anftmosa (66 Iowa, 427).
845 846
«. Hopper (28 Mich. 511). . ! 905
fL Irving (4 Strob. 204) 759
«. Macon ^ Ga. 290) 851
•. Mock (— Eans. — ) 175
«. Palmer (6 B. A C. 789),
797 798
«. Skelton (20 111. 107). . . . .' 516
•• State a8 Ind. 154) 287
«. TalUs (18 Wall. 882)..528,
540. 557, 558, 922
«.Ward(20om.P.Div.255) 572 CookCountjv. Harms (108 111.
161) 887
Cooke e. Bangs (81 Fed. Rep.
640) 619
». Blrt (5 Taunt. 765) 779
Cooley 9. Ashley (48 Mich. 458), 214
V. O'Connor (12 Wall. 891). 572 Coon «. Attorney-General (42
Mich. 65) 961
«. Congden (12 Wend. 496),
690 768
Coons 0. People (76 111. 883). . . i 287
Cooper «. Adams (2 Blatcf. 294), 1022
«. Alden (Harr. 72) U95
V. Booth (8 Esp. 185) 779
«. Lampeter (8 Watts, 125.. 572
«. Landis (75 N. C. 526). ... 922 e. McJunkin (4 Ind. 290).
718. 731
e. Moore (44 Miss. 886). . 828. 880
e. Reynolds (10 Wall. 308) . . 625
e. Schwartz (40 Wis. 54). . . 552
e. Sunderland (8 la. 114). . . 516
«. Tompkins (48 Mich. 406). 782
Cope «. Ramsay (2 Heisk. 197).. 1022
Copeland e. Cox (6 Heisk. 172).. 1008 V. Mercantile Ins. Co. (6
Pick. 198) 889
Coquillard o. Bearss (21 Ind.
479) 861, 864
Corbyn «. BoUman (4 W. & &.
942) 876
Oorfleld «. CoryeU (4 Wash. 0.
C.871) 146
Corliss. In re (11 R L 688).. .18,
16,85,206, 488 Cormack v. Wolcott (87 E[ans.
391) 789
Cornelia «. Ellis (11 111. 585) ... . 774 Cornelius v. Burford (28 Tex.
208) 778
Cornell v. Barnes (7 Hill, 85)
690,746, 768 V. Guilford (1 Denio. 510),
511.829, 884 Comer v. Mackintosh (48 Md.
874) 905
Corser v. Paul (41 N. H. 24). . . 549 Orsicana v. White (57 Tex. 882), 851 Corson v. Hunt (14 Penn. St.
510) 764, 766
Corwein v. Haines (11 Johns. 76), 517
Cory V. Carter (48 Ind. 827) 721
Cothren v. Connaughton (24
YV 18 « XiH) ............. Smt
Cottom 0. Holliday (59 DL 176), 889 Cotten «. Ellis (7 Jones L. 545),
945 96t Cotton V. Phillips (56 N. H. 220)'.
428.425, 480 County 0. Towers (28 Minn. 45), 294 County Court v. Robinson (27
Ark. 116j 731
County Commissioners o. Duck-
est (20 Md. 469). . . .644, 646
V. Duvali (54 Md. 850) 796
V. Jones (18 Minn. 199) 857
County Judge. In re (38 Gratt.
448) 489
County of Cass v. Johnston (95
U. 8. 860) 205
Countess of Rutland's Case (6
Rep. 50) 78
County of Scott «. Ring (29
Minn. 398) 286. 287
County of Pine «. Willard (39
Minn. 125; 287, 291
County Seat of Linn County, In
re (15 Eans. 600) 150
Courcier «. Ritter(4 Wash. C. C.
649) 560
Coventry «. Barton (17 Johns.
142) 642, 890
Covode «. Foster (2 Bart. 600). 159 Cowart V. Dunbar (56 Ga. 417). 758
Cox «. Ross (56 Miss. 481) 764
«. United States (14 Ct. CI.
512) 89
Craddock o. Turner (6 Leigh,
116) 289
Craig 0. Burnett (82 Ala. 728). . . 619
liv
TABLB OF CASES CITED.
ReferenoeB are to
Craig t. Norfolk (1 MocL 133),
114, 116 Craighead «. Peterson (73 N. T.
279) 542
Crampton o. Zabriakie (101 U. S.
601) 996
Crane o. Bldwell (25 Miss. 507). 552
«. Camp (12 Conn. 464). ... 658 f. Chicago, &C. Ry. Co. (74
Iowa, 880) 948
fL Hardy (1 Mich. 56). .... . 510
fL Secretary of State (51
Mich. 195) 958
«. Stone (15 Kans. 94) 759
•. Warner (14 Vt. 40) 762
Crans v. Hunter (28 N. T. 889). 548
Crapo «. Stetson (8 Mete. 893). • 787
Crary o. Turner (6 Johns. 51). . . 759
Crawford o. Barkley (18 Ala.270) 548
«. Dexter (5 Sawy . 201) 804
o. Dunbar (52 Cal. 36) 18
76,206, 428 «. Township Board (24 Mich.
248) 452
f . Turk (24 Gratt. 176) 289
V. Wood (7 Ga. 445) 290
Crawn t . Commonwealth (84 Va.
282) 287. 292. 807, 808
Crawshaw v. Roxbury (7 Gray
874) 554
Creighton v. Commonwealth (88
Ky. 142) 318. 828
o. Piper (14 Ind. 182). . .429. 430
Creswell o. Burt (61 Iowa. 590) 760
Crew «. Vernon (Cro. Car. 97). . 460
Cribbs o. Adams (18 Gray. 597) 569
Cristman v.Peck (90 111. 150). 942. 972
Crocker v. Crane (21 Wend. 211) 572
Crofut ». Brandt (58 N. Y. Ill), 760
Oronin «. Gundy (16 Hun. 520), 488 Orosbie v Hurley (1 Al. & Nap.
481) 838
Crosby v. Hungerford (59 Iowa.
712) 752. 758
Crosby's Case (8 Wils. 188) 652
Cross «. Harrison (16 How. 164), 147 «. Morristown (18 N. J. Eq.
305) 546
Crossman v. Owen (62 Me. 528). 907
Crouther's Case (Cro. Eliz. 654). 1022
Crowell V. Crispin (4 Daly. 100) 805 Crumpton «. I^ewman (12 Ala.
199> 900
Crutchfield v. Wood (1 6 Ala. 702) 694
Cubit «. O'Dett (51 Mich. 347). 642 CnlTcr V. Armstrong (— Mich.
— ) 266
Cumberland v. Pennell (69 Me.
857) 301,803. 912
Cumberland Coal Co. v. Sher- man (80 Bart 65^.... 889 Cumminn^ o. Brown (48 JN . Y.
514) 284
Cummings v. Holt (56 Vt. 284). 681
«. Little (45 Me. 188) 707
«. Missouri (4 Wall. 277).. . 258 Cummins «. Barkalow (4 Keyes.
514) 868
Cumpston «. Lambert (18 Ohio,
81) 89Q
Cunningham v. Bucklin (8 Cow- en. 178) 619. 621. 1032. 1028 9. Mpcon R. R. Co. (109 U.
S. 446) 662
9. Mitchell (67 Penn. SL 78)
690. 768
Curies' Case (11 Coke. 2 b.). ... 115
Cumen o. Mayor (79 N. T. 514)» 84a Currey «. Wright (9 Lea, 247)
883 844 Currie «. School District (85
Minn. 162) 889, 840
Curry o. Hale (15 W. Va. 869). . 542 9. Pringle (11 Johns. 444),
900. 906
f>. Stewart (8 Bush, 560) 438 439
«. Wright (86 Tenn. 636). . . 884 Curtenius v. Grand Rapids R
R Co. (37 Mich. 588). . 996 Curtis e. Butler (24 How. 485-
450) 572
V. Hubbard (1 Hill 837). ... 779
«. Hubbard (4 Hill 437 779
V. United States 0 N. A H.
144) 88a
«. Ward (20 Conn. 204). ... 782
Curtiss 0. Colby (39 Mich. 456). 707
708,709. 711
Curts V. Cisna (7 Biss. 260) 889
Cushing V, Bedford (125 Mass.
526) 851
V, Stoughton (6 Cush. 392). 879
Cushman v, Loker (2 Mass. 105) 548 V. Thayer Mfg. Co. (76 N. Y.
365) 944
Custer V. Bank (9 Penn. St. 27). 845 Cutler V. Ashland (121 Mass.
588) 806
V. Howard (9 Wis. 809). ... 598
V. Howe (122 Mass. 541) ... 778
«. Roberts (7 Neb. 4) 279
Cuyler v. Trustees of Rochester
(12 Wend. 165) 511,834, 858
Daggett V. Hudson (43 Ohio St.
548) 148, 149. 10^
TABLE OF CASES CITED.
Iv
Beferenoes are to Seotions.
Btcntt 9. McOlintock (56 Mich.
51) 788
DtUsy «. State (16 Ind. 868). ... 481 % Bute (8 Blackf. 829), 18,
85. 76. 439, 480 DtOy 9. Esterbrook (1 Br. £L
Ca8.299) 188
Dair 9. United Statos (16 Wall. 1)
278 279
Dale 9. Grant (5 Vroom. 142) 674,' 787 fL Irwin (78 111. 170), 155.
159 182 224
Dalton «. State (48 Ohio St. '652),' 208
Damon «. Oranby (2 Pick. 845). 571
Dane «. Derby (54 Me. 95) .... 948
«. Oilmore (51 Me. 544). ... 290 Danenhoffer o. State (69 Ind.
295) 718, 781
Daniel «. County Court (1 Bibb.
496) 981
Daniels e. Barney (22 Ind. 207) . 915
Danley v. Whiteley (14 Ark. 687) 960
Danolds e.State (89 N.T. 86) 885. 886 Darby e. Wilmington (76 N. C.
188) 867
Darsan «. Mobile (81 Ala. 469).. 850
DarUng v. St. Paul (19 Minn. 889) 567 Darrow e. People (8 Colo. 417)
66,67,81,96, 820
Darat e. Gale (83 III. 186). . . 586. 888
Darwin «. Rippe^ (63 N. C. 818) 801 Davenport v. Kleinschmidt (6
Mont. 502) 996
e. Sleight (2 Dev. & Bat. L.
881) 278
DaTidBon v. State (20 Fla. 784). . 478
e. Waldron (31 III. 120). ... 757
DaTies t. Mayor (98 N. Y. 250), 887 DaTieas County v. Dickinson
(117 U. 8. 657) 882
DaTis e. Allen (11 Pick. 466). . . 517 e. American Society (75 N,
Y. 862) 992
«. Berger (54 Mich. 652) .... 261
e. Brace (82 111. 542) 501
e. Bryan(7 Yerg. 88) 774
e. CommlBSioners (68 Me.
896) .... . . .......a 948
fl Hamlin (108 111. 89) 889
e. Krum (12 Mo. App. 279), 548
«. Lane (10 N. H. 156), 528, 540
e. Marlboro (t Swanst. 79). . 874
e. McKeeby (5 Ker. 869), 148, 155
f. Munson (48 Yt. 676). 876, 885
e. Kewkirk (5 Den. 92) 907
9. People (1 Gilm. 409) 807
e. Read (65 N. Y. 566) 567
e. School District (24 Me.
849) 554
Dayis «. School District (44 K.
H. 898) 186
V, State (7 Md. 151) 109
9. Smith (4 Greenl. 887). ... 298
«. Smith (48 Vt. 269) 889
9, Stone (120 Mass. 228). ... 778
9, Thompson (1 Nev. 17). . 784
V. Tibbats (7 J.J. Marsh. 264) 890
Davison 9. Otis (34 Mich. 28). . . 1006
Davoue e. Fanning (2 Johns. Ch.
257) 889. 840
Dawes «. Jackson (9 Mass. 490),
806 819 Dawson «. Bank (80 Ga. 664). . .' 758
9. State (88 Ohio St. 1) 806
Day 9, McAllister (15 Gray, 483), 581 9, Putnam Ins. Co. (16 Minn.
408) 876, 885
9. Savadge (Hob. 87) 517
Day Land & Cattle Co. v. State (68 Tex. 526), 506, 522,
585,562, 928 Dayton v. Lynes (80 Conn. 851),
88, 754
Deal 9, Bogue (20 Penn. St. 228) 906
Dean o. Bassett (57 Cat. 640). . . 888
V. Healy (66 Ga.508), 49.479, 481
Deardorff 9. Foresman (24 Ind.
481) 279
Dearmon o. Blackburn (1 Sneed,
890) 774
Decatur e. Paulding(14 Pet. 497),
60S. 659, 958 Decatur o. Vermillion (77 III.
815) 874, 826
Decker, Ex parts (6 Cow. 60) . . . 278 Decuir 9. Lejeuner (12 La. Ann.
569) 581
Deehan «. Johnson (141 Mas^. 28) 945 Deere 9, Rio Grande County (83
Fed. Rep. 823) 971
De Graffenreid v. Mitchell (8
McC. 506) 779
Delhi 9. Adams Ins. Co. (58
Penn. St. 448) 542
Delafleldo. State (20 Wend. 192).
803,809, 880 9, State (2 Hill, 175). . . .586, 555 Delahanty v. Warner (75 111. 185)
980, 981, 982, 994 Delancy e. Ley! (19 La. Ann.
251) 542
Delassos v. United States (9 Pet.
117) 677
Delaware County's Appeal (—
Penn. St.—) 990
DeLeon «. Treyino (41 Tex. 88), 915 Dells 9. Kennedy (49 Wis. 555).
149, 150
[
Iri
TABLE OF CA8E8 CITED.
Beferenoes are to Seotioiuk
Deloatchv. Rogers (86 KG. 857) 196 Deraing, In n (10 Johns. 388). . 168 DeMoranda v. Dunkin (4 T. R.
119) 761
Dennetv. QoyerDor(33 Me. 508).
609,954, 955 Dennick v. Railroad (108 U. 8.
18) 786
Dennis v. McCasffl: (83 III. 444). . 889
V. State (17 Pla. 889) 159
o. Whetham (L. R. 9, Q. B.
845) 758, 764. 766
Denny v. Mat toon (3 Allen, 861) 531 f>. Willard (11 Pick. 519). . . 756 Denver v. Hobart (10 Nev. 38),
317.465, 478 Derby's Case (13 Coke, 114). .. . 517 De Rooherbrune «. Southeimer
(13 Minn. 78) 1010
Deskins v. Oose (85 Mo. 485),
738,739,730. 781 De Soto County v, Dickson (84
Miss. 150) 377
9. Westbrook (64 Miss. 813) 466 Despatch Line «. Bellamy Mnfg. Co. (13 N. H. 305). 584,
546,557, 573 Detroit «. Leadbeater (39 Mich.
34) 383
«. Redfield (19 Mich. 876). . 856 «. Weber (39 Mich. 34). . 387, 707 V. Weber (36 Mich. 384) ... . 555 Detroit Free Press Co. v. Audi- tors (47 Mich. 185) 51
Detroit, &c., R. R. Ck>. v. Bearss
(89Ind.598) 300
Detroit Savings Bank v. 2Seigler
(49 ^ch. 157) 383
Develing v. Sheldon (88 111. 890) 905 De Villers o. Ford (3 McCord, 144) 584 Devine v. Commissioners (84 111.
590 996
Devlin «. Brady (83 Barr, 518). . 864 Dew 9. Judges of the Sweet Springs Court (8 Hen. &
Alanf. 1) 478
V. Parsons (3 B. & Aid. 563) 884
Dewey v. Field (4 Mete. 388). . . 756
V. Garvey (180 Mass. 86). . . 875
Dezell V. Odell (8 Hill, 315). 485, 891
Diamond Match Co. «. Powers
51 Mich. 145) 738
Dicas V, Lord Brougham (6 C. <&
P. 349) 619. 631
Dickerman i;. Miner (48 Iowa.
508) 381
Dickey «. Hurlburt (5 Cal. 843),
178, 183 0. Reed (78 HI. 361), 314. 315, 994
Dickins v. Jones (6 Yanr. 4S8). . 694 Dickson «. People (17 lU. 191),
439. 480, 481 Dickinson «. Conway (18 Allen,
491) 542
Diehl t>. Friester (87 Ohio St 478) 900
Diggs V, State (49 Ala. 81 1) 386
Dietz V. Commissioners (60 Mich.
337) 1008
Driggs, Ex parts (53 Ala. 881) . . 080 Dill V. Wareham (7 Mete. 488),
511, 884 DMlaway «. Butler (185 Mass. 479) 844 Dillingham o. Snow (5 Mass. 547)
639 640 Dilton V. Meyers (8 Pa L.J.I 69)', 831 Dinsmore v. Tidball (84 Ohio St.
411) 809
Dishon «. Smith (10 Iowa , 313), 174
308, 212 Disston «. Strauck (43 N. J. L.
546) 763
Distilled Spirits, The (11 WalL
867) 844
District Attorney! In ri (11 PhiL
645) 163, 424
District Tp. of Taylor v. Mor- ton (87 Iowa, 655) 912
District Tp. of Union «. Smith
(89Iowa,9) 012
Ditch «. Edwards (1 Scammon,
137) 584
Divine v. Harvie (7 T. B. Mon.
489) 875
Dixon «. Orr (49 Ark. 388). 383, 284 Dixon County «. Field (111 U.
S.83) 888
Dodge V. Hopkins (14 Wis. 680), 562 t>. Lambert (3 Bosw. 570). . 540 «. McDonnell (14 Wis. 558). 542 «. Stevenson Mfg. Co. (77
N. Y. 101) 518
Dodson V. Swan (3 W. Ya. 511), 865
Doe «. Leonard (5 111. 140) 581
V. Youne (8 Q. B. 68) 525
Doherty «. Munson (137 Mass.
495) 610
Dolan V. Mayor (68 N. Y. 374), 881
883. 888, 498, 871 Dolson V, Saxton (11 Hun, 565),
756. 758 Donahoe o. Richards (88 Me.
879) 689,640, 719
Donald v. McEinnon (17 Fla.
746) 689. 60S
Donegan e. Wood (49 Ala. 343). 569 Donhara v. Wild (19 Pick. 630), 761 Donnelly v. People (11 111. 553).
483, 488
TABLE OF CASES OITED.
lyii
SofS^rences are to Sections.
OonoTUi 9. Board of Education
(85N. Y. 117) 796
o. McAlpin (85 N. T. 185),
614, 796 DooIltHe V. Bryan (14 How. 663) 510 V. DooliUle (31 Barb. 818). . 578 V. Galena R R Co. (14 111.
381) 1011
I>oran v. DeLong (48 Mich. 552) 214 Dorchester o. li^ntworth (81 N.
H.451) 1008
Dorey v. Lynn (31 Eans. 758). . . 229 Dorman «. Kane (5 Allen, 38). . 760 Dorr 9. Mickley (16 Minn. 20). . 798 Dorranoe o. Commonwealth (13
Penn.8t.160) 766
Doraey 9. Abrams (85 Penn. St.
299) 636
«i Analey (72 Chu 460) 485
9. Smyth ^ CaL 21). 269, 833 Dorsey County «. Whitehead (47
Art 205) 829
DoTsey, Matter of (7 Port. 298), 29 Donch 9. Rahner (61 Ind. 64). . . 774 Donghaday «. Crowell (11 N. J.
Eq.201 544
Douglas o. Baker (58 111. 460). . 754 Douglass 0. Howland (24 Wend.
85) 290
9L Neil (7 Heisk. 488) 320
s. State an Ind. 429), 838, 387 9. Wickwire (19 Conn. 492),
317, 328 Douglas County o. Bolles (94
U. 8. 104) 887
Doughty «. Hope (8 Denio, 253) 573 Douvielle «. Supervisors (40
Mich. 585) 405
Dore 9, Martin (28 Miss. 588). . . 549 9. School District (41 Iowa,
689) 972
Dover «. Twombley (42 N. H.
69) 286
Dow 9. Humbert (91 U. S. 294), 7&5
9, Smith (7 Vt. 465) 774
Downer t>. Lent (6 Cal. 94), 689, 640 Downing «. Herrlck (47 Me. 462)
619, 624, 1022 Downing 9. Rugar (21 Wend.
178) 443,572,573, 574
Doz 9. Postmsster General (1
Peters, 218) 306, 848
9, United States (1 Peters,
818) 308
Doyle 9. Aldermen of Raleigh
89N. 0. 188).... 16. 17, 62 9. Falconer (L. R 1 P. C.
828) 652
Drailen e. Boonville (8 Mo. 395) 292
Drain Commissioner «. Baxter
(57Mich.l27) 508
Drake «. Phillips (40 lU. 389). . . 996 Draper o. Arnold (12 Mass. 449), 797 Dred Scott «. Sandford (19 How.
393) 147
Drennan «. Herzog (56 Mich.
467) 570. 584.
Dresser V.Norwood (17 C.B. 466) 844 Dritt 0. Snodgrass (66 Mo. 286). 689 640, 715, 718, 719. 722, 727 DruHner o. State J29 Ind. 308) . . 193 Drummond o. Humphrey (39
Me.347) 878
Drury «. Foster (2 Wall. 24). . . . 278 Druse t . Wheeler (22 Mich. 489)
328, 380 Dryden r. Swinburne (20 W. Va.
89) 206
Duane o. McDonald (41 Conn.
517) 217,346, 478
Dubuc 9. Voss (19 La. Ann. 210)
445. 450, 452, 579 Dugan 9. United States (3 Wheat.
172).. 918
Duke 9. Vincent (29 Iowa, 306), 782 9. Williamsburg (21 S. C.
414) 888
DulUm 9, Willson (53 Mich. 892) 43
61.454.455.456, 478 Dumphy 9. Whipple (25 Mich.
10) 286. 764
Dunbar o. Boston (112 Mass. 75) 851 Duncan t>. Findlater (6 C. A F.
894) 796
9. Klinefelter (5 Watts. 141) 759
9. Mayor (8 Bush. 98) 970
9. Kiles (82 111. 532) 816
9, United States (7 Peters,
435) 279
Duggen 1^. McGruder (Walk.
112) 1002
Dung «. Parker (52 N. Y. 494), 818
DuDgan 9. Hall (64 111. 254) 569
Dunham v. Wyckoff (3 Wend.
280) 774
Dunklin Ck)unty 9, District
Court (28 Mo. 449). .. 929 Danlap o. Berry (4 Scam. 327),
754, 758 9. Hunting (2 Denio, 643). .
690, 768 9. Mitchell (10 Ohio, 117). . 840 9, Toledo R R Co. (46
Mich. 190) 1004. 1008
Dunlop 9. Monroe (1 Cranch, C.
C.636) 677
9. Monroe (7 Cranch, 242). . 38 678, 713. 789. 790, 791
Iviii
TABLE OF CA6B8 dTBD.
BefbrenooB are to Seotioiis.
DunsUm «. Patterson (2 0. B.
49^0 .* 770
Dann v, Hartford R. R. Co. (43
Conn.484) 548
Duperron v. Van Wickle (4 Rob.
89) 782
Dupont «. Wertheman (10 Cal.
Durkee v. Kenosha (59 Wis.
128) 858
Dusy 9, Helm (59 Cal. 188). 899, 900 Dutten «. Hanover (42 Ohio St
215) 938
Dwight V. Blackmar (2 Mich.
330) 839. 840
•• Rice (5 La. Ann. 5 SO),
689, 695
Dyer «. Bayne (54 Md. 87) 134
f . Lowell (30 Me. 217) 1008
E
Eadie •• Ashbaugh (14 Iowa
519) 548
Eagles «. Eem (5 Whart. 144). . 290 Eamesv. Johnson (4 Allen, 882), 692 Earl «. Camp (16 Wend. 562). . 746 Early o. Doe (16 How. 610). ... 581 «. Manciz (15 Cal. 149). ... 941 East India Co. «. Hensley (1
Esp. 11^ 563
East Oakland v. Skinner (94 U.
8. 255) 834
East River Gas L. Co. «. Don- nelly (93 N. Y. 557).
619 639 640 «. Donnelly (25 Hun, 614)| 639 East Saginaw o. County Treas- urer (44 Mich. 273).... 964 Eastern R. R. Co. v. Ben edict
(5Gray 561) 918
Eastman «. Curtis (4 Vt. 616). 38. 584 9. Judkins (59 N. H. 576).
760, 798 Easton e. Calender (11 Wend.
^),,^, 040
Eaton V. Harris*(^ Ala.' 491)',
328, 330
e. State (7 Blackf . 65) 488
EberU v. Selover(44 Mich. 519).
543, 838
Echols Ea parte (89 Ala. 698). . 977
V. State (56 Ala. 131) 212
Eddy «. Capron (4 R. L 894),
356, 857 Eden si. Templeton (72 Iowa,
687) 946, 972
Edgar 9. Caldwell (Morris, 434), 782
Edinburgh, etc, Ry. t. Philips
(2Macq. 514) 950
Edmunds 0. Banbury (28 Iowa,
267) 149, 150
Edwards «. Ferguson (78 Mo.
030) 040
«. Golding Cib* Vt 80)'. '...'.. 918 e. Knight (8 Ohio, 875), 218. 215 «. United States (108 U. 8.
471). 241, 409, 418, 414, 415 e. Watertown (24 Hun, 428). 568 «. Watertown (61 How. Pr.
488) 56a
Egerton v. Brownlow (4 H. L.
Cas. 1) 848
Eggleston t>. smiley (17 Johns.
183) 518
Egremont e. Benjamin (125
Mass. 19) 912
Ela V. Smith (5 Gray. 186) 619
Elam «. Carruth ^ Ia. Ann.
275) 64ft
«. State (75 Ind. 518) ... 129. 897 Elbin o. Wilson (88 Md. 135).
689.640, 695 Election Law, In re, (9 Phila.
497) 15J>
Election Cases (65 Penn. St. 80), lOOS Elizabeth «. Essex County
Court 49 N. J. L. 626). 988 Elkin 0. People (8 Scram. 207), 501 Elkins V, Boston, etc. R. R. Co.
(19 N. H. 837) 9ia
Elkhart County Lodge e. Crary
98 Ind. 288) 860. 862
Eliason «. Coleman (86 N. C.
235) 1,4,479. 481
Elliott «. Eddins (24 Ala. 508) ... 581 «. Philadelpbia (75 Penn.
St. 842) 850
' V. Walker (1 Rawle, 126)... 889 Ellis 9. CommercUl Bank (7
How. 294) 569
«. Commissioners (2 Gray,
370) 217, 798
e. Karl (7 Neb. 881) 99a
e. Eenyon (25 Ind. 184). ... 581
e. Ruddle (2 Lev. 151) 85(^
V. State (4 Ind. 1) 51
Ellison V. Raleigh (89 N. C.
125) 217, 47a
e. Stevenson (6 T. B. Mon.
27^ 570
Ells «. Pacific R R. Co. (51 Mo.
200) 581
Ellsworth V. Cordrey (63 Iowa,
676) 889
Elmendorf v. Mayor (25 Wend.
693) 397
TABLX OF 0A8E8 dTBD.
Ul
BafbrenoM are to SeotioziB.
i«.Hm(^Wis. 618),754, 767
•. HUl (51 Wis. 885) 757
9. OTeiton (104 ind. 848),
619,689.718. 719 Slwell «. Ghamberlin (81 N. Y.
611) 561
Ely*. Hanford (65 HI. d67).... 889 «. James (128 Mass. 86). . . • 548 «i PanonB (55 Ck>nD. 88),
789,790, 803 fi Thompson 0 A. E.
Marsh. 70). . . .681, 662, 770 Emery 9. Hapgood (7 Gray, 55), 906 Emmerling o. Graham (14 La.
Ann. 880) 705
Emmons s. Carpenter (55 Ind«
880) 279
Employers Assnr. Co. e. Oom- missioner of Ins. (64
Mich. 614) 962
bloe «. Hall (1 Humph. 803). . 806 Erie v. Knapp (29 Penn. St. 178), 875 Sidcine «. Hohnbach (14 Wall
618).... 690,768, 769
Errine's Appeal (16 Penn. St
266) 521
Bshleman v. Lewis (49 Penn.
8t.410) 889
Bilaya e. Jones (88 Ala. 189),
665,674, 675 Esmeralda County «. District
Court (18 Nev. 488). . . 1001 Eetep s. Keokuk Countv (18
Iowa, 199) '.511, 884
Bstopinal «. Peyroux (87 La.
Ann. 477) 624, 682
Es^ «. Chandler (7 Mass. 464), 798 Ethridge v. Hall (7 Port 57). . . 941 European Bank, In re, (5 Ch.
Ap.858) . 844
Evans o. Boggs (2 W. & S. 229), 764 V. Commonwealth (8 Watts.
899) 290
«. Foster (1 N. H. 874), 619, 621 e. GoTemor (18 Ala. 659). . 764 e. Populus ^ La. Ann.
121) 857
•.Sutherland (41 Mich. 177), 570 «. Thurston (58 Iowa, 122),
752,756, 758 «. Trenton (84 N. J. L. 764),
875.862,868. 881
«. WUder (7 Mo. 859) 584
SransTiUe «. State (118 Ind.
426) 98,106,107, 128
Erarts v. Burgess (48 Yt 208). . 777 9. Kiehl (102 N. T. 296). . . 619 Srerhart e. Terre Haute, &c.
Co. (78 Ind. 292), 674. . 787
EyertsoD v. Sutton (5 Wend.
281) 619
Everett «. Smith (22 Minn. 58), 205 «. United States (6 Port
166) 557
Ewing V, Cohen (64 Tez. ^. . 941 e. Thompson (48 Penn. St
872) 461
Excelsior Mut Aid Ass'n. «.
Riddle (91 Ind. 84).... 941 Excliange Bank v. Lewis
County (28 W. V. 273).
806,808, 828 Exchange F. Ins. Co. «. Canal
Co. (10 Bosw. 187) .... 665
V
Fbirchild e. Case (24 Wend. 880) 759 Fairfield County Tpk. Co. «.
Thorp (18 Conn. 178). . 848 Fairfield Savings Bank «. Chase
(72 Me. 226) 844, 845
Falk e. Moebs (127 U. S. 597). . 825 Farmers' Bauk v. Beaston (7 G.
AJ. 421) 876
«. Chester (6 Humph. 458)..
828, 829 «i King (57 Penn. St 202). . 922 «. Payne (25 Conn. 444). ... 845 e. Sherman (6 Bosw. 181). . 548 Farmington R Water Power Co. «. County Commis- sioners (112 Mass. 206;.
1000. 1010, 1011 Ftonsworthe. Boston (121 Mass.
173) 900
V, Tilton (1 D. Chip. 297).. 758 Farr o. Hollis (9 B. & C. 882). .. 805 «. Sims (Rich. £q. Cas. 122) 579 Farrar o. United Sutes (5 Pet
872) 286
e. WlDgate (4 Rich. L. 85). 757 Farrell «. Pingree (— Utah, — ). 888 V. Taylor ?12 Mich. 118) .... 1008 Farrel FouDdry v. Dart (26
CoDD. 876) , 845
Farrier e. State (— K. J. L. — ) 820 Farrington e. Turner (58 Mich.
72) 182, 478
Farrow, In re (8 Fed. Rep. 112) 187 Farwell e. Howard (26 Iowa,
881) 552
e. Rockland (62 Me. 296). . .
465, 857 Fath e. Koeppel (72 Wis. 289). .
689, 708 Faulkner. Matter of (4 Hill, 598) 900
TABLE OF GA8E8 CITED.
Referenoes are to SeoUoiuu
Faulkner «. Johnson 01 "iL is
W.581) 525
«. State (6 Ark. 150) 759
Faurie v. Morln (4 Mart 80). . • • 851 Faurote «. State (— Ind. — ). . . 209 Fausler e. Parsons (0 W. Va.
480; 089,040,095, 090
Fawcett «. Fowlis (7 B. A 0.
894) 019
Fay V. Aine8(44 Barb. 527).... 290 V. Edmiston (25 Kans. 489). 290 Fells e. Barbour (58 Mich. 49). .
570, 584 Fenelon «. Butts (49 Wis. 842).. 899 Fentiman, In rv (4 N. & M. 120) 1023 Fenton v, Hampton (11 Moo. P.
C. 847) 052
Ferguson v. Einnoull (9 Gl. &
Fin. 279). . . .004, 005, 1028
e. Lee (9 Wend. 258) 584
Ferris Crow (5 Qilm. 90) 582
f>. Thaw (5 Mo. App. 279). . 824 Ferriter e.Tyler (48 Va. 444) 715, 721 Ferry e. Burchard (21 (jonn.
002). 279
Fertich o. Mlchener (111 Ind. 472).. 715, 717, 718. 720.
721. 722. 728, 728. 781 Field e. Commonwealth (82
Penn. St.478) 454, 450
e. Field (9 Wend. 894) 572
e. Stagff (52 Mo. 584) 278
Fielder «. Alazwell (2 Blatcb.
552). 042
Fifth Nat. Bank o. Hyde Park
(101 111. 595) 922
FilklQS V. O'Sullivan (79 111. 524) 524 Fllor V. United States (9 Wall.
46) 881
Filson e. Himes (5 Penn. St. 452)
851, 802 Finch «. Board of Education
(OOOhioSt. 87) 790
Fincke v. Police Commissioners
(0 How. Pr. 818) 985
Finnigan e. Jarvis (8 N. C. Q.
B. 210) 754
Fire Ins. Patrol v, Boyd (102
Penn. St. 024) 015
First National Bank «. Christo- pher (40 N. J. L. 485). 845 V. Concord (50 Vt. 257-281) 678 V. Fourth Nat. Bank (77 N.
Y.820) 704
e. EimberUnds (10 W. Va.
555) 580, 888
9, Leppel (9 Col. 694) 915
e. Mount Tabor (52 Vt. 87).
572. 578
Fischer e. Langbein (106 N. T.
Fish «. Collensi^VLaLAniLi^) 200 V. Dodge (88 Barb. 178). ... 005 •. Kelly (17 C. B. 194) . .074, 787
Fisherv. Boston 851
V. Charleston (17 W. Va.
595) 988
f. Gordon (8 Mo. 880) 764
«. Erutz (9 Kans. 501) 889
©. McGirr(l Gray, 1)..031,
002, 770. 901 V. School District (4 Cush.
494) 554
Fitch «. Dunn (8 Blackf. 142). . 891
V. Pinckard (5 111. 09) 581
Fitchburg Railroad «. Grand Junction R R (1 Allen,
552) 817
Fitz's Case (Cro. Eliz. 12) 400
Fitzgerald o. Burrill (100 Maaa.
440) 718
Fitzhugh V. Dennington (2 Ld.
Raym. 1094) 100
Fitzpatrick 9. Kirby (81 Va.407) 048 V. Slocum (89 N. T. 858). . . 007 Fitzsimmons v, Brooklyn (102 N. Y. 580). . . .856, 805,
871, 872 Flack e. Harrington (Breese,
218) 619
Flagg 9. Manhattan Ry. (10 Fed.
Rep. 418) 880
Flanagan «. Hoyt (80 Vu 505). .
797 798 Plarty v. Odium (8 T. R 081).. .' 874 Fleckner v. Bank (8 Wheat 888)
584, 557 Fleming, Ex parts (4 Hill. 588). 948 Flemming v. Clerk (80 N. J. L.
280) 687
Fletcher v. Austin (11 Vt. 448).. 279 9. Bradley (12 Vt. 22). .744. 754 9. Dysart (9 B. Mon. 413). .. 542
9. Lee (05 Mich. 557) 770
Flint &c. Hy. Co. 9. Auditor- General (41 Mich. 085).
988 995 9 Dewey (14 Mich. 477). . ! 889 Florance 9. Adams (2 Rob. 550) 889 Flournoy 9, Jeifersonville (17
Ind. 109) 057, 058
Flower 9 Downs (0 La. Ann.
538) 500
Floyd Acceptances (7 Wall. 000)
512, 809. 828, 829. 830, 834 Floyd 9. Barker (12 Coke 25). . .
619. 1022, 1028 9. State (12 Ark. 43). 906
TABLE OF CASES CITED.
lz{
Beferenoes are to Sections,
Flury •. Qrlmes (52 Ga. 848). . . 840 Fluty 9.8chool District (48 Ark.
tt4) 888
Vogarty «. Finlay (10 Cal. 239).
709, 711
Togle «. Grei^ (26 Ind. 845). . .. 941
FolkwU V.Power (42 Mich. 283) 996 Volti «i Kerlln (105 Ind. 221). 1,
18,429, 480 Fonda «. Van Home (15 Wend.
681) 782
Foot «i Morgan a Hill, 654). . .. 518
«. SteTens (17 Wend. 485). . 516
Forbes «. Halaey (26 N. Y. 58). 839
o. McDonald (54 CaL 98). . . 857
Force fi. Gardner (48 N. J. L.
417) 754
Forceye. Caldwe]l(— Penn.— ) 822
rotd n. enough (8 Me. 842)..69<) 768 «. OomimBnoners («— Gal.
— ) 466
9. Dyer (26 Mich. 248) 524
«. Plarker (4 Ohio St 576)..
nS 790 791
«.PerkerM>n(69Ga.859)...' 702
9. Williams (21 How. 287).. 918
Fonnhgr «. Parker (15 QtL 258). 866
Formwalt a. Hylton (66 Tex.
288) ...770. 781
Forrest o. GoUier (20 Ala. 175).. 906 Forrestier e. Bordman (1 Story,
62) 542
Forsyth o. Matthews (14 Pbnn.
StlOO) 782
Forsythe v, Ellis (4 J. J. Marsh.
298) 782,797, 798
Fdrt «. Goker (11 Heisk. 579). .. 652 Fort Wayne e. Lehr (88 Ind. 62)
874, 882
e. Rosenthal (75 Ind. 156). . 840 Fortenberry o. State (66 Miss.
286) 888, 1025
Fortone «. St. Louis (28 Mo.
239) 875
Fdster v. Bates (12 M.& W. 226) 588
fL Jones (79 Ya. 642) 467
V, Kansas (112 U. S 201). . .
454,456, 488 ' fL Metts (55 Miss. 77). .718,
789.791, 792
«. Moore (82 Kans. 488). . .. 994 «. Rockwell (104 Mass. 167)
552, 560 «i Scarff (15 Ghio St. 682)..
174. 182
«. Smith (2 Gold. 474) 918
Votheringham e. Adams Bzp.
Go. (86 Fed. Rep. 252). 906
Vonmisr «i Faggots (4 Ifi. 847). 271
Fowler v, Atkinson (6 Minn.
579) 806,808, 822-
V, Bebee (9 Mass. 281).. 818,
828 842* V. Qo\d Exchange (67 N. T.'
13QA 548
«. Lee (10 gVa J, *8W)V. .V. 764
«. McDaniel (6 Heisk. 529). 764
Fox ti Drake (8 Gow. 191) . . 806, 819^
Francis v. Eerker (85 Ul. 190). . 889
Frankfort t>. Gounty Gommis-
sioDers(40Me. 889).... 1011 Frankfort S. T. Go. o. Churchill
(6 T. B. Monroe. 427).. 557
Franklin v. Ezell (1 Sneed, 497) 549' 9. Hammond (45 Penn. SL
507) 295
9. Kaufman (65 Ga. 260)
188, 184, 225
«. Smith (21 Wend. 624). . . 705 Franklin Bank e. Gooper (86 Me.
179) 809
Franks e. Morris, (9 W. V a. 664) 839* Fray «. Blsckbum (8 B. A S. 576)
619, 621
Frazler v. Syas (10 Neb. 116), 774. «. Virginia Military Institute
(81Va.69) 915
Freaner v. YiDgling (87 Md. 491) 80& Free Press Ass'n «. Nichols (46
Vt7) 943
Freeman o. Gomwall (19 Johns.
«. Davis (7 Mass. 200) .... 759'
e. Eenney (15 Pick. 44) 641
V. Leonard (99 N. G. 274)..
753,768, 777
«. Otis (9 Mass. 272). . ..806, 818.
V. Selectmen (84 Gonn. 406) 947
e. Smith (80 Peon St. 264), 774
Freeport v, Marks (59 Penn St.
268) 644, 646
Fremont v. Oippen (10 Gal. 212)
941, 967 French e. Barre (68 Yt. 567). . . 1008 French v. Commonwealth (78
PennSt.889) 857
e. Gowan (79 Me. ^6), 817, 478
V. Donaldson (47 N. Y. 496) 685
V. Kemp (64 Ga. 749) 767
V. Snyder (80 III. 889). .155. 765
Frenkel v. Hudson (82 Ala. 168) 844 Freudenstein v. McNier (81 III.
208) 752, 758
Frey v, Michle (68 Mich .828). . . 478
Friend v. Gilbert (108 Mass. 412) 879 e. Hammlll (84 Md. 298),
689,640, 695^
Frierson 9. Frierson (21 Ala. 549) 78»
Ixii
TABI^ OF 0A8EB CITED.
Beferenoes are to Sections.
Frisbee «. Langworthy (11 Wis,
375) 782
Frost «. BeimoDt (6 Allen, 152)
860 845
«. Chester (5 E. & B. 588). ! 217 •• Mayor of Chester (5 £. A
B. 5uo) •.•■••.•.••••«. 47o o. Mizsell (88 N. J. Eq. 586)
291 296 Fry's Election Case (71 Penn!
802) 159
Fry «. Booth (19 Ohio St. 25). . . 178
FuUer «. Dame (18 Pick 472). . . 852
9. Ellis (89 y t. 815) 642
t. Gould (20 Vt. 648) 619
V. Groton (1 1 Gray, 840) . . . • 879
«. Holden (4 Mass. 501) 756
V. Sparks (89 Tex. 186). ... 774 Fulton Bank v. New York Ca- nal Co. (4 Paige 127).. 845 Fulton F Ins. Co. «. Baldwin
(27N.Y. 648) 685
Furr V. Moss (7 Jones, 525). . . . 1022
Gage «. Currier (4 Pick. 899). . . 641 «. Graflam (11 Mass. 181). .
524, 757. V. Stimson (26 Minn. 64). . . 922 V, Supervisors (47 Mich. 167)
458, 1002 Gaillard v, Anceline (10 Mart.
479) 610
Gaines t. Thompson (7 Wall
847) 987
Galbralth v, Gaines (10 Lea, 568)
295, 915 p. McFarland (8 Cold. 267),
820. 829 (Me 9. Kalamazoo (28 Mich.
844) 567
«. Mead (4 Hill, 109) 698
Galloway v. Corbett (52 Mich.
460) 1008
9. Stewart (49 Ind. 156) 908
Galveston &c. Co. v. Gross (47
Tex. 428) 957
Games 9. Stiles (14 Pet. 822) . . 581 Chindy «. Satte (10 Neb. 243). . . 165 Garber «. Commonwealth (7
Penn St. 265) 290
Gardiner «. Harback (21 111. 129) 804 Gardner, In re (68 N. T. 467). .
217, 478 e. Heartt (8 Denio, 282) ....
674, 787 t. State (4 Ind. 632) 718
Garfield 9. Douglass (22 III. 150), 619 Garforth o. Fearon (1 H.B1. 827)
870,880, 666
Garland, Eb parte (4 Wall. 888). 168 Garlinghouse v. Jacobs (29 N.T
297) 669. 701
Gamett 9. Ferrand (6 B. & C.
611) 619.621. 1028
Gamier e. St. Louis (87 Mo. 554) 85
Garret v. Wiggins (2 II 1. 385) ... . 681 Garrett 9. Hamblin (11 8. & M
219) 764, 757
Garretson v. Ruder (28 Iowa,21), 271
Garther 9, Ballerd (4 Johes. 488) 876
Garvie o. Hartford (54 Conn.
440* ^ ^tjg
Gass 9. State' (84 IndV 425).' 2'l'4. 478 Gaston «. Drake (14 Nev. 17(%
831, 858 Gates 9. Delaware County fl2
Iowa 405). 409, 414, 416, 417
9. Neal (28 Pick. 808) 680
Gaussen v. United States (97 U.
Gavin «. Shuman (28 Ind. 82). . 681
Gay 9, Lloyd (1 Greene, 78). ... 627
Gaylord v. Scarff (6 la. 179). . . . 681 General Ins Co. v. U. S. Ins.
Co. (10 Md. 517) 845
Genner «. Sparkes (1 Salk. 79^, 779 Genesee Savings Bank «. Michi- gan Barge Co. (52 Mich.
164) ... 1011
Gkorge 9. School District (6
Mete 497) 673
Gerberv. Ackley (87 Wis. 48)..
288 284
9. Ackley (82 Wis. 288). . . • ! 284 Carman Am. L. & T. Co. «l Richards (99 N.T. 620),
687,788, 789
Gerrish «. Edson (1 N. H. 82). . 762 Gtetman v. Second NationalBank
(23 Hun. 568) 846
Gibbsv. Green (54 Miss. 592).. 988
Gibbs 9. Randlett (58 N. H. 407) 906 Gibbons 9, United States (8
Wall 269) 848
Giberson 9. Wilber (2 N. J. 410) 777
Gibson «. Bailey. (9 K. H. 168), 610
9. Emerson (2 Eng. 178).. . . 614
Gil «. WUliams (18 La Am. 219) 860
Gilbert 9, Anthony (1 Yerg. 69) 278 9, Columbia Turnpike Co.
(3 Johns. Cases 107) ... . 681 Gildersleeve 9. Board of Educa- tion (17 Abb. Pr. 210). 678 Gill 9. Brown (12 Johns. 885) . . 808 Gilleland,/n re (96 Penn. 224). • 801
TABLE OF 0A8B8 OITEO.
Ixiii
Beferenoes are to SeotioiiB.
MlMiWftten «. Miller (49 Miss.
150). 889
GQlflspie «. Palmer (20Wis. 544),
205, 695, 696
«L Wood (4 Humph. 437). . . 942
Gniett «. Thiebold (9 Kana. 427) 900
Oilliam «. Brown (43 Miss. 641) 915
Gilliland 9. Schuyler (9 Lans. #
582j 286
Gillin f. Armstrong (12 Phlla.
626) 162
Offlmore t . Lewis (12 Ohio, 281),
876, 885 Gilman«.Bafleett(83Conn 298),
932,933, 972 e. Des Hoines V. Ry. Co (40
lo wa, 200) ^ 877
Oflmore v. Holt (4 Pick. 257). . . 828
«. Hoore (30(}a. 628) 760
V. Pope (5 Mass. 491) 588
Onpin «. Howell (5 Penn. St 41), 918 Gilroy t. Commonwealth (105
Penn. St. 484) 484, 489
GiltiDan V. Strong (64 Penn. St.
242) 290
Gimble v. Ackley (12 Iowa, 27), 782
Girard «. Taggart (5 S. & R. 19), 918
Giat V. Cole (2 N. & McC. 456). . 774
GittiDgs V. Hall (1 H. & J. 14). . 508 Glasgow «. Bowse (48 Mo. 479),
690. 768
Glasscock e. Lyons (20 lod. 1). . 833 Glavin v. Rhode Island Hospital
(12R. L411) 615
Glencoe «. People (78 111. 882),
584,945, 948
Glenn «. Gill (2 Md. 1) 876
Glidden e. Unity (83 N. H, 671). 843
Glidewell e. Martin (— Ark. — ) 215 Godfrey v. Gibbons (22 Wend.
569) 751
Godman «. Meizsel (65 Ind. 82), 889
(3odolphin «. Tudor (2 Salk. 478) 880 Goetcheus v. Matthewson (61 N.
T. 420), 689.640, 641.695, 787
o. Matbeson (58 Barb. 152). . 167
Goewey e. Urig (18 IlL 242). ... 581 Gold Mining ()o. e. National
Bank (96 U. S. 640) 534. 552 e. National Bank (2 Colo.
565) 552
Golding's Petition (57 N. H. 146) 71 GoodeU, Bx parte (14 Johns. 825)
688. 734. 740. 966
GoodeU, Matter of (48 Wis. 698) 78
Goodin e. Thoman (10 Eans. 191) 887
Goodnowe. Willard (5 Mete. 517) 764 Goodram «. Carroll (2 Humph.
490) 271
Gtoozen «. Phillips (49 Mich. 7). . 774 Gordon e. Farrar (2 Doug. 411),
689,695, 787
Gtore «. Mastin (66 N. C. 871), 690, 768
Gorham e. Gale(7 Cow. 737), 797, 798
Gorton «. Frizzell (20 111. 292). . . 900 Goshen v, Stonington (4 Conn.
209) . 31
Gosling V, Vel'ey p Q.' b! 406) .' .' 206 Gosman e. State (100 Ind. 203).
126.129, 898
€k>S8 e. Steyen8(82 Minn. 472). 545, 557
Gott e. Mitchell (7 Blackf. 270). 769
Gough V. Dorsey (27 Wis. 119). . 515 (Sould V. Hammond (1 McAU.
285) 689. 640
V, United States (19 Ct CI.
598) 189
Goye V, Epping (41 N. H. 545) . . 879
Goyemor t>. Carter (8 Hawks. 828) 75t;
e. Dodd (81 111. 163) ... . 665, 686
9. Gordon (15 Ala. 72) 47
«. Hancock (2 Ala. 728). ... 284
e. Perkins (2 Bibb. 295). . . 707
e. Powell (9 Ala. 83) 755
«. Snton (4 Dev. & B. 484). . 289
Gower v. Emery (18 Me. 79). . . . 750
Grace v. Mitchell (31 Wis. 533). . 691 Gradle o. Hoffman (105 111. 147),
271 276 Graeme «. Wroughton (32 Eng.
L. <fe£q. 561) 356, 857
Grafton v. FoUansbee (16 N. H.
450) 549
Graham «. Norton(15 Wall. 427) 930
Grayes v, Buckley (25 Kans. 249) 290
V, Dawson (ISO Mass. 78). . . 908 «. Lebanon Nat. Bank (10
Bush, 23) 809
Gray «. Hook (4 N. Y. 449). 851,
855. 856. 871
«. Rollinsford(58 N. H. 253) 842 «. State (72 Ind. 567), 610,
954 956 GrayyiUe e. Gray (19 111. App!
120) 996
Greaton «. Griffin (4 Abb. Pr. 810) 85
Green, Bo parte (29 Ala. 52). . . . 1014
V. Beeson (81 Ind. 7). . .511, 522
V. Burke (28 Wend. 490). . . 842
e. Cape May (41 N. J. L. 45)
534. 554
9. Clark (5 Denio, 508) 560
e. Ferguson (14 Johns. 889). 764
V, Hern (2 Penn. 167) 759
V. Hewett (Peake. 182) 833
V. Miller (6 Johns. 89) 571
9. North Buffalo (56 Penn.
St 110) 848
Ixiv
TABLE OF OASES GITBD.
Be&renoes are to Seotioiu.
Qnen «. Swift (47 Cal. 536). .. . 6d9
f. Talbot (3d Iowa, 499) 621
«i Wardwell (17 111. 278). . . 269
0. Winter (1 Johns. Ch. 26). 840
Greene «. Burke (23 Wend . 490), 828
«. Ooddard (9 Mete. 212). . . 878
Greenfield o. State (113 Ind. 597) 971
V, Wilson (18 Gray, 884). . . 284
Greenwood v. Louisville (13
Bush, 2^6) 850, 851
Grenada County v. Brogden (112
U. a261) 837
Gregg V. Pierce (53 Barb. 887). . 885 Gregory o. Bridgeport (41 Conn.
76) 879
«. Brooks (37 Conn. 865),640. 787
V. Brown (4 Bibb. 2^. .619. 624
«. New York (113 N. Y. 416^, 453 «. Railroad Co. (4 Ohio St.
675) 517
9. Small (39 Ohio St. 846),
639.640,718, 719
«. State (94 Ind. 884) 515
Grieble «. State (111 Ind. 369).
837 394 478
Grlel V. Hunter (40 Ala. 542). . . .' 665 Grider «. Tally (77 Ala. 422). 619,
657, 658. 659. 660, 664, 665
Grier v, Taylor (4 McCord, 206). 1020 Griffin «. Clay County (63 Iowa,
413) 374, 863
o. Ganaway (8 Ala. 635) 755
Grim «. School Directors (51
Penn. St 219) 279
Grimes «. Keene (52 N. H. 830), 842 Grindley «. Barker (1 B. & P.
229) 572
Grinnell v. Phillips (1 Mass. 529). 798
Griswold o. Hayen (25 N. Y. 595, 530 o. Sedgwick (1 Cow. 456),
770, 781 «. Sedgwick (1 Wend. 126).
770, 781 Groenyelt v, Burwell (1 Salk.
896) 619
Grogano. San Francisco (18 Cal.
590) 540
Groome v, Gwinn (48 Md. 572).
610,954. 956
Groton o. Hurlburt (22 Conn. 178) 572 «. Waldoborough (11 Me.
806) 853. 356
GroYev. Hodges (55 Penn. St.
504) 546
«. Van Duyn (44 N. J. L.
654) 619, 632
Gntmblne v. Mayor OS McAr.
578) 850, 851
Gnimley«.Webb(44Mo. 444).. 889
Grumon «. Raymond (1 Conn. 40)
619. 632. 690, 76^
Grand «. Van Ylick (69 HI. 479), Hi
Guernsey o. Cook (120 Mass. 501) 863
V. Fitkin (32 Vt. 224). . .721, 7»
Guild V. Thomas (54 Ala. 414). . 879
Gulick «. New (14 Ind. 93), 89,
92, 119, 206. 462, 965-
Gulliford v. DeCardonell (2 Salk.
466) 879
Gumberts v. Express Co. (28 Ind.
181 428, 880
Gumm e. Hubbard (— ' Mo. — )
190. 215*
Gunn «. Tackett (67 Ga. 725) . .29, 820
Guyman v. Burlingame (86 UL
201 8(N^
GuDZ V. Heflner (33 Minn. 215), 900
Gwinne o. Pool (Lutw. 290). ... 619
G Wynne v. Burnell (7 CI. AF.
573\ 287
Gyer «. Irwin \ibtAl Vo7).\' ! ! ! 648-
H
Haag V. Commissioners (60 Ind«
511) 868-
H&as V. Fenlon (8 Eans. 601).851, 858 Habersham e. Sears (11 Oreg.
481). 941, 967
Haokett «. Potter (131 Mass. 50), 788* Haddox o. Clarke Co. (79 Va. 677) 176 Hadley v. Albany (88 N. Y. 603) 212 Hadsell v. Hancock^ Gnyr, 526) 879 Hafford «. New Bedford (16
Gray. 297) 861
Hager «. Catlin (18 Hun, 448),
350.851. 869^ Hagerty e. Arnold (13 Eans. 867)
210, 402
Hagge «. State (10 Neb. 51) 209
Haggerty v. Wilber (16 Johns.
28m 779^
Hagner «. Heyberger (7 W . & S.
104) 848.844.846, 994
Hagood «. Southern (117 U.S.52) 886- Hague «. Philadelphia (48 Penn.
St. 527) 584, 884
Hahn v, Kelly (34 Cal. 891). ... 516 V. Schmidt (64 CaL 284). ... 899 Haight e. Love (89 N. J. L. 14),
188. 886- e. Love (89 N. J. L. 476),
188, 888 Haines «. Lewis (54 Iowa, 801),
865, Halbert t. State (^ Ind. 186),
800, 918:
TABLE OF 0ABB8 CITED.
Ixv
Baflurenoes ftvo to Seotiont.
Haldemaa r DaTia (28 W. Ya.
824) 1017
Hale «. HunUej 081 Yt. 152)... 775
9. Blaler (69 Mich. 500;. ... 948
o. Wooda (10 N. H. 470). . . 804
Han, Matter of, (50 Conn. 181), 78
9. Brooka (8 Yt 485) 766
«. CockreU(28 AJa.507)... 820
V. CoUina (4 Yt. 816) 581
«. Crandall (29 Cal. 567),816, 818
«. Parker (87 Mich. 590). . .. 279
«. Parker (89 Mich. 287). . . 279
9. Pennej (11 Wend. 44). . • 774
V. People (57 HI. 807) 948
«.Ra7(40Yt576) 777
«. Rogers (2 Blackf . 429) ... 900
«. Smith (2 Bing. 156)..614, 796
o. State (89 Wis. 85) 1
9. Steele (82 Ala. 562), 987,
940 942
9. Stewart (28 Eans. 896). .! 905
9. Tbayer (105 Mass. 219). . . 517 «. Wisconsin (108 TJ. & 5).
5. 85
HaHett «. Lee (8 Ala. 28) 752
Halstead «. Mayor (8 N. T. 480),
511,884, 879
Ham 9. Boody (20 N. H. 411). . 649
«. GreTe (84 Ind. 18) 809
«. Mayor(70 N. T. 459).... 851 Hsmbleton 9. People (44 HL
458) 480
Hamilton, Eat parts (51 Ala.
62) 1018, 1016
9. Dalziel (2 W. Bl. 952). . . 761
9. Harwood (118 111. 154).. . 1011
9. Smith (89 Mich. 222). ... 908
fi,State(8 Ind. 458) 948
«i Stewart (59 111. 881) 992
a. Williams (26 Ala. 527). . . 619 Hamlin 9. Dingman (5 Lana.
61) 842
% Eaasafer (15 Oreg. 456), 1. 816, 818, 819, 821,
828,828, 829
«i Sean (82 N. Y. 827) 541, 552 9. Stevenson (4 Dana, 597)r 160 Hammer 9. Freese(19 Penn. St
255) 774
9. E[aufman (89 Bl. 87) 285
9, Stole (44 N. J. L. 667),
478, 496 Hammond 9. Ohriatie (5 Robt
160) 295, 915
91 Hannin (21 Mich. 874),
557. 562
9L HoweU (1 Mod. 184) 619
9. HoweU (2 Mod. 218). . . . 1028
9L Taylor (3 B. & A. 408). . 506
V
Hanchett 9, Williams (94 IlL
App.56) 782
Hancook 9. Fairfield (80 Me.
299) 825
«i Hazeard (12 Cosh. 112),
800, 912
Hands 9. Slaney (8 D. & B.
578) 71
Handy 9. Olippert (50 Mich.
855) 665.778, 774
Hankins 9. Baker (46 N. Y.
666) 557
9. Oalloway (88 Bl. 155). ... 258
Hanks a. Drake (49 Barb. 202), 660
Hanlin 9, Charles City (66 Iowa,
69) 968
Hannon 9. Agnew M N. Y.
489) 614
9. GruBzard (96 N. C. 298),
882,698, 871
Hanson 9. Eichstaedt (69 Wis.
588) 687.783, 789
Harbaugh 9. Cioott (88 Mich.
241) 159, 185, 188
Harheck 9. Toledo (11 Ohio St
219 5gj
Hardeman 9. Ford (12 Ga. 205), 642 Hardesty v, Fleming (57 Tex.
895) 694
Hardin 9. Colquitt (68 Ga. 589),
478 490 Harding 9. Colquitt (68 Ga. 207)! 184 Hardison 9. Joraan (Cam. & N.
454) 685
Hargraye 9. King (6 Ired. Eq.
480) 889
9. Penrod (Breese. 401) 754
Harlow 9. Pike (8 Me. 488) 581
Harman 9. Brotherson (1 Denio,
587) 619,682, 900
9. Tappenden (1 East, 555), 640 Harmony 9. Bingham (12 N. Y.
99) 298
Harpending 9. Haight (89 Cal.
189) 610,954, 956
Harper 9. Little (2 Me. 14) 816
Harpswell 9. Phipsbuig (29 Ma
818) 842
Harriman 9. Wilkins (20 Me.
98) 769
Harrington 9. Commissioners (2
McCord, 400), 689, 787. 1019 9. Du Chatel (1 Bro. C. C.
124) 856
9. Fuller (18 Me. 277), 797, 798 9. Ward (9 Mass. 251). .674, 787 Harris. Sa parte (52 Ala. 57),
217,814, 478 9. Atlanto (62 Ga. 290) 851
Ixvi
TABLE OF 0A8BS OITBD.
Beferenoes are to
Harrlsv. Bakdr(4M. &S.27).. 796 V. Brooks (21 Pick. 195)... 485 «. Hanson (2 Fairf. 241).. 284 V. Harris (23 Gratt 77^. ... 279 «. LoaisTille R. R. Co. (85
Fed. Rep. 116) 906
e. Murfree (54 Ala. 161) 752, 766 «. School District (28 N. H.
65) 554
o. Shryock (82 HI. 119) 994
«. Simonson (28 Hun, 818), 860 «. Whitney (6 How. Pr.
175) 572
Harrison v, Olark (4 Hun, 685),
619, 682 t. Greaves (59 Miss. 458). . 488 «. McHenry (9 Ga. 164),8d9, 840 «i Mitchell (13 La. Ann.
260) 641
V, New Orleans (88 La.
Ann. 222) 998
V. SimoDds (44 Conn. 818), 217 Harsh man v. Bates County (92
U. 8. 569) 884
o. Knox County a22 U. 8.
306) 971
Hart «. Bridgeport (18 Blatch.
289) 861, 852
«. Dixon (5 Lea, 836) 552
0. Farmers' Bank (83 Vt.
252) 845
o. Fitzgerald (2 Mass. 509), 782 Hartford v Bennett (10 Ohio St.
441) 246
Hartford F. Ins. Co. v. Ins. Commissioner (70 Mich.
— ) 962
«. Wilcox (57 111. ISOi 571
Hartlieb o. McLane (44 Penn.St.
510) 760
Hartwell v. Root (19 Johns. 345), 579 Hartman r. Young (— Oreg.— ) 215 Hartranft's Appeal (85 Penn. St.
433) 954
Harvard College «. Gore (5 Pick.
370) 158
Harvey «. Tama County (58
Iowa, 228) 872
o. Mitchell (31 N. H. 575). . 581 Harwell v.Won^am (2 Humph.
524) 762
Harwood o. Marshall (9 Md. 88) 478 Hasbrouck v, Milwaukee (18
Wis. 48) 554
Haskins o. Everett (4 Sneed,
531) 782
«. Lombard (16 Me, 142). .. 279 Hastings v. Bangor House (18
Me. 486) 548
Hatch V, Attleborough (97 Mass.
538) 389
«. Bartle (45 Penn. St. 166), 774 «. Cohen (84 N. C. 602). ... 908 «. Mann (15 Wend. 44), 874,
881, 882^ HatchesoD v. Tilden (4 H. & Mc-
H. 279) 906
Hathaway, Matter of (71 N. Y.
288-244), 53, 481
9. Hinton, 787
Hatzfield v. Gulden (7 Watts,
152) 366
Hauss 9. Eohlar, (25 Eans. 640) 900 e. Niblack (80 Ind. 407) ... . 548 Haverly v. McClelland (57 Iowa
182) 686
Hawes v. Humphrey (9 Pick.
350) 175
«. Miller (56 Iowa 895), 182, 200 0. White (66 Me. 305), 788, 789 Hawkeye Insurance Co. v. Brai- nard (72 Iowa 130) 377,
378, 888 Hawkins v. Commonwealth (14
B. Mon. 895) 779
V. Governor (1 Ark. 570) . . .
609, 954, 965 Hawley v. Baldwin (19 (IJonn.
685) 617
«. Keeler (58 N. Y. 114). . . 671 Hawthorn «. St. Louis (11 Mo.
59) .•. 875
Hawverv. Seldenridge (2 W.Va.
274) 825, 838
Hay t>. People (59 111. 94) 488
Hayden «. Souger (66 Ind. 42). .
876, 885 Hayes o. Buzzell (60 Me. 206). . 777
«. Grier (4 Binn. 800) 800
«. Holly Springs (114 U. 8.
120) 884
ft Oshkosh (88 Wis. 814). . . 851 f>. Porter (22 Me. 871). .639,
665, 671. 703. 787 Haynea o. Butler (30 Ark. 69)
898 894 0. Leppig m Mich. 602). . .' 788 «. State (3 Humph. 480). . . .
874^ 868 V, Tunstall (6 Ark. 680), ... 754 Hays V. Creary (60 Tex. 446). . .
770, 781 «. Drake (6 Gray, 887). 690, 768 V. Steamship Co. (17 How.) 596 Haywood v. Wheeler (11 Johns.
432) 842
Hazard «. Israel (1 Binn. 8^. .
797, 798
TABLE OF OASES OTTED.
Ixvii
Beferonoes axe to Seottons.
Hazard v. Bpeare (4 Keyes, 486}, 060 Hudton V. Batchelder (44 N. Y.
40) M9
HMd Holes. Matter of (48 Mich.
641) 604
HeagT o. State ^ Ind. 360), .. . 889 Heald «. Bargeant (16 Vt. 606).. 782 Heard o. Harris (68 Ala. 48). 619 621
o. Lodge (20 Pick. 63) 290
V. March (12 Cash. 680). ... 671 Beam «. Parker CI Jones L. 160) 767 Heath, JSto parte ^Hill 47), 208, 209
Jnfv(4 mil. 42) 214
Hedley «. Commissioners (4
Blackf. 116), 440
Heer «. Atkinson (40 Ark! 877), 764 Heeter o. Glasgow (79 Penn 8t.
79) 708
Heff oar v. Commonwealth (28
Penn St. 108^ 948
Heidelbern; School District v.
Horst (62 Penn. St. 801) 819 Heidenheimer «. Breni (69 Tex.
63^ 282. 288, 284
Heinlen t?. Sullivan (64 CaL 878) 104 Httnmiller «. Hatheway (60
Mich. 891) 670
Held «. B^well (68 Iowa 189), 812 Hehns 9. Wayne Agr. Co. (fS
Ind.826) 280
Hemphill e. ColUns (117 IlL 896) 941 Bench e. State (72 Ind. 297). ... 896 Henderson «. Covington, (14
Bush, 812) 996
1. Cummings (44 111. 826). .
648.646 888 9. Smith ^ W. Ya. 829). . .
638,689,640,708, 709 Henfree V. Bromley (6 East, 809) 804 Henke «. McCord (66 Iowa, 878)
621,681, 682 Henly «. Lyme Regis (6 Bing.
91) 1, 666
Elennen, mc parte (18 Pet. 280),
82,446,464. 460 HeniT 9, Commonwealth (107
Penn. St. 861). ... .752, 764 V. Sargent (18 N. H. 821). .
690. 768 H.eni7 County v, Kioolay (96
U.S. 619) 887
Benahaw r. Foster (9 Pick. 812)
196. 689, 696 Hepburn «. Dunlop (1 Wheat.
179) 662
Heppe 9, Johnson (78 Cal. 266),
287, 296 Herbert «. Torball (1 Keb. 689) 168 Heirick 9. Johnson (U Mete. 84) 279
Herring ©. Hoppock (16 N. Y.
4()9\ QQiy
Heritage e. Dodge'(— N.' H.— )! '. 781 Hessell v. Johnson (68 Mich.
623) 279
Hetten v. Lane (48 Tex. 279). . 287
He well V, Lane (68 Cal. 213). . . 967
Hewitt e. White (— Mich. — )•• 857 Heyman e. Covell (44 Mich.
862) . . 782
Heyn e. O'Hagen (60 Mich.' 157) 662 Hibblewhite «. McMorine (6 M.
&W.200) 278
Hickoke. Plattsburgh(15Barb.
448) 665
Hicks e. Dom (9 Abb. Pr. 64). . 666
e. Dorn (42 N. Y. 53), 665 686
Higbe e. Leonard (1 Denio, 186) 618 Higgins f>. Supervisors (52 Mich.
Hightower e. Overhaulser (66
XOwa, o4fl. ........... V4l
«. Slaton(54Ga. 108) 876
Highway Commissioners v. Yan Dusan (40 Mich. 429)..
529,684 564
V, Ely (54 Mich. 178). . . 642. 661 Hilbish e. Hower (68 Penn. St.
93) 689, 698
Hildreth e. Crawford (66 Iowa,
889) 1006
e. Mclntire (1 J. J. Marsh.
206) 818, 825
Hill e. Boy land (40 Miss. 618). 1,4, 8 e. Figley (25 lU. 166), 690,
768. 769
a. Goodwin (66 N. H. 441), 217
e. Hill (4 McCord a. o. 277), 212
«. Paul (9 C. &P. 807).... 874
9. State (1 Ala. 569) 117
9. Wait (5 Vt. 124) 758
9. Wells (6 Pick. 104) 617
Hilsdorf 9. St. Louis (46 Mo. 94) 852 Hindal 9. Blades (1 Marsh. 27, 6
Taunt. 225) 762
Hhies 9. Lockport (50 N. Y. 288)
669, 701
Hinkle, In re (81 Eans. 712) 824, 825 Hinman 9. Borden (10 Wend.
867) 758, 757
Hinse 9. People (92 111. 406). ... 245
Hire 9. Sedffwick (2 Roll. 109). . 619
Hiss 9. Bartlett (8 Gray, 468). . . 658
Hitch 9. Lambright (66 Ga. 228) 624 Hitchcock 9. Sutton (28 Mich.
86) 1007
9. Watson (18 III. 289) 839
Hobart 9. Tillson (66 CaL 210). .
1019, 1020
Ixyiii
TABLS OF 0A8B8 OTTBD.
BeferenoeB are to Seotions.
Hoboken v. Gear (27 N. J. L.
266) 855
HobbB ». Middleton (1 J. J.
Marsh. 179^ 290
Hodges V. Buffalo (2 Denio, 110)
511, 829. 884 Hodgkina v. Rockport (105 Mass.
475) 715, 721. 727
Hodgson 9. Dexter (1 Cranch,
845). .805. 806, 897, 809. 819
Hodnett v. Tatum (9 Ga. 70). . . 648 Hodsdon v. Wilkins (7 Greenl.
118)..868, 758, 766. 890 Hoffman o. Harrington (88 Mich.
892) 670
«. Harrington (28 Mich. 106) 840 V, Livingston (46 N. T.
Buper. 552). . .542, 560. 888
Hoglan «. Carpenter (4 Bush. 89) 428
Hoit t. Cooper (41 N. H. 111). . 549 Hoke o. Field (10 Bush, 144). . .
114. 116 «. Henderson (4 Dev. L. 1)
11,409,414,468. 465
Holbrook, In re (99 N. T. 539). 518 Holcomb V. Cornish (8 Conn.
875) 619. 624
0. Weaver (186 Mass. 265). . 852
Holden «. Bank (72 N. T. 286), 845
«. Eaton (8 Pick. 486). 690, 768 0. Village Council ( — Minn.
— ) 211
Holiday d. Pitt (2 Strange. 985), 648
Holland «. Beard (59 Miss 161), 686
«. Davis (86 Ark. 446). ... 200
HoUey «. Mayor (59 N. Y. 166). 30
V. Mix (8 Wend. 850) 771
Holliday «. St. Leonard 796
HoUiman «. Carroll (27 Tex. 28) 284
Ho) man v. Johnson (Cowp. 848) 435
D. Trustees (— Mich. — ). . . 722 Holroyd «. Breare (2 B. & Aid.
478) 619
Holt o. Hemphill (8 Ohio. 282) 581 Holtzman v. Robinson (2 McAr.
520) 624
Home Insurance Co. «. Halway
(65 Iowa. 571) 809
Hon 9. State (89 Ind. 249), 964, 970 Honea v. Monroe Co. (63 Miss.
171) 964
Hooker «. Smith (19 Vt. 151). . . 779
Hood c. Lynn (1 Allen 103) 611, 834
Hooper «. Goodwin (48 Me. 80). 820 Hooten «. McKinney (5 Nev.
194) 966
Hootman v, Shriner (15 Ohio St.
43) 759
Hope V. Sawyer (14 111. 264) .... 670
Hopkins v. Prescott (4 M. G. ft
a 678)
Hopkinson v. Leeds (78 Penn.
St.896) 7611
€. Sear8(14 Vt. 494) 772
Horan v. People (10 111. App.
21) 284
Horn e. Whittier (6 N. H. 88). .
836, 676 Horsley «. Bell (1 Bro. C. C.
101) 808
Horton e. Garrison (28 Barb.
176) 672
9. Town of Thompson (71
N. Y. 618). 654
Hospers e. Wyett (68 Iowa, 264) 996 Hotchin «. Kent (8 Mich. 526). .
636. 888 Houghton «. Dodge (6 Bosw.
826) 548
V. Swarthout (1 Denio, 689) 685 Houlden «. Smith (14 Q. B. 841)
619. 682 Houghton Co. «. Auditor Gen- eral (86 Mich. 271), 945. 960 Housatonic Bank v. Martin (1
Aletc. «fHc) .•.•••••...• o46 House Bill, In re (9 Colo. 681), 146 Houseman «. Girard &c Assn.
(81 Penn. St. 266) 674. 787
Houser v. Hampton (7 Ired. 888) 764 Housh «. People (75 HI. 491). 746, 769 Houston, &c. Co. o. Randolph
(24Tex.817) 964
Hoover «. Barkhoof (44 N. Y.
113). 664, 665, 669, 701, 787 Hovey «. State (21 N. E. Rep.
890) 106
Howard's Case (2 Salk. 625) 160
Howard v. Cooper (1 Bart 276), 287 V. Crawford (16 Ga. 423). . . 769 «. Gosset (May Pari. L. 151) 1028 9. Hudson (2 £1. & B. 1) . . . 485 9, Proctor (7 Gray, 12?), 690, 768 9. Shields (16 Ohio St. 184), 228 9. Shoemaker (35 Ind. Ill),
89, 429, 480. 481 9, State aO Ind. 99) . . .887, 467
9. Wood (2 Lev. 245) 888
Howe 9. Buffalo, &c. R B. Co.
(87 N. Y. 297) 878
9. Mason (14 Iowa, 610). . • • 686 Howerton e. Tate (68 N. 0. 547),
6,7,11, 480
Howhind e. Coffin (47 Barb. 668) 862
9, Eldredge (48 N. Y. 467), 947
9. Luce (16 Johns. 186). . . . 424
Hoye fi. Bush (1 M. &. G. 784). .
779. 781
TABLE OF 0A8B8 OTTSD,
Iziz
Bef«renoes are to SeotipxiB.
Hojt «L Thompson (19 N. Y.
807) 4 584, 636, 888
Habbard «. Crawford (19 Eaas.
57(») 860
«. Elden (43 Oliio St 380). .
284, 285
«. Switzer (47 Iowa, 6S1) ... 686 9. Williamatown (61 Wis.
897) 176
Huber «. KeUy (68 Penn. 112) . . 146
165, 166, 167 Habert •. Wendheim (64 Gal.
21?) 276
Hudnum v. Slaughter (70 Ala.
646) 978
Hudson V. Judge (42 Mich. 289) 1018
1014, 1015. 1016, 1017, 1018
«. Solomon (19 Eans. 177). . 229
fL Wlkitbeck (68 Mich. 158), 1008
Hiidq>eth v, Oarrigues (21 La.
Ann. 684) 80
Hofl «. Cook (44 Iowa. 689). 78. 92
«. Kimball (89 Ind. 411) ... 959 Hoffman •. CommisslonerB (25
Kans. 64) 874
o. MiUs (89 Eans. 577), 915. 982 Hughes «. Backingham (6 S. &
M.682) 886
e. McCoy (— Oal. — ). .619,
620, 621
e. Washington (77 Dl. 84) . . 889
Hoghey o. Horrell (2 Ohio, 288) 681 HnU «. Marshall Coonty (12
Iowa, 142) 809, 880
Humboldt Go. v. Commission-
ers(6NeT. 80) 947
Hummel 9. Bank of Monroe (75
Iowa, 680) 844
Hummer e. Hammer (8 G.
Oreene, 42) 214
Humphrey 9. Havens (12 Minn.
298) 542
9. Kingman