,i2555s8)4185-S-87 BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A THIS CATALOGUE OF CHEMICAL BOOKS HAS BEEN PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION BY HIS FAMILY, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATE JAMES YOUNG, ESQ. t^AZ^Ms&S Bibliotbeca Cbemica: A CATALOGUE OF THE ALCHEMICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOOKS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE LATE JAMES YOUNG OF KELLY AND DURRIS, ESQ., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.S.E. BY JOHN FERGUSON M.A., LL.D., HONORARY MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL MILITARY ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, ST. PETERSBURG MEMBER OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE SOCIETfi FRANCHISE D'ARCHEOLOGIE REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW VOLUME II JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY / 1906 yv UNIVERSITY or CATALOGUE L. v. L. (C). Chymischer Catechismus. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 21. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, P- 2I- L. (C. C.) i.e. Conrad Cunrath, Lipsensis. See KHUNRATH (CONRAD). L. (F. C). Sammlung achthundert und sieben und funfzig chymischer Experimente einer Gesellschaft in dem Ertzgebiirge, darinnen alle die Erscheinungen, welche man bey chymischer Bearbeitung verschiedener Korper wahrgenommen, treu und aufrichtig angezeiget werden, nebst einer Vorrede begleitet von Herrn D. E. G. Kurella. Berlin, zu finden bey Gottl. Aug. Lange. 1759. 8°. Pp. [8] 1-160 [2] 161-404. 2 pp. advertisements. The interpolated two pages form the title of Part III. This is a collection of six tracts, paged continuously, but issued with separate title-pages, signatures and dates from 1753 to 1759. See the note under KURKI.LA. L. H. J. V. H. J. D. See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). L. (J.). See LANGE (JOHANN). L. (J. C). See TOLL (JACOB), 1753. L. M. S. See SCHMUCK (MARTIN), De Occulta Magico-Magnetica Morborum . . . Curatione, 1652. L. (T. P. G.). See ERBINAUS von Brandau (Matthaus). II. A LAAZ—LACINIUS LAAZ (JOHANN VON). See LASNIORO (JOANNES DE). LA BOB SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE). See SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE LA BOK). LA BROSSE. Tractatulus accuratissimus de Compositione Sulphuris et Menstrui vegetabilis, seu Auro Potabili secundum intentionem Raymundi Lullii. Magnati cuidam Anno 1545. per celeberrimum Medicum et Philosophum Gallum Dela Brosse dedicatus. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 288. This cannot be Guy de la Brosse, born at Rouen Mangel speaks of Guido de la Brosse ' Medicus about 1550 (or later), physician of Louis XIII., Rotomagensis,' author of a tract on the plague, in who founded the Jardin des Plantes, was devoted French and in Latin, ' Paris ches Jeremie et to botany, and died in 1641. Yet there is no Christoph Periers,' but without date (1623), who, other ' celeberrimus medicus ' of that name men- of course, is the same person. Ladrague calls the tioned. Nor does it facilitate identification to present writer Joannes, but by what authority he assume that the given date, 1545, is a misprint for does not state. 1645, because by that year La Brosse was dead. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, »• 1731, i. p. 479. p. 515. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 145. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 450. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 440; 25), ii. p. 540. 1772, ii. p. 680. Biograplnt Uni-verselle, 1843, v. p. 614. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la M<>'• PP- 63, 276, &c., &c. Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 6, 8, n, 14, &c., &c. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 380, &c., &c. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, pp. 479-481 ; App. iv. p. l.xi. April 3, 1788. Salvigni, Due Ragionamentisulle Teorie chimiche di Lavoisier di Giovanni Mayow e di Lodovico Barbieri, Bologna, 1818, 8°, pp. 66 [i, i blank]. Biographic Universelle, 1819, xxiii. p. 461 ; no date, xxiii. p. 414 (by Cuvier). Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. pp. 547-554- Lavoisier's researches were epoch-making, numer- ous, and varied, but in connection with parts of his work there has been some difference of opinion as to the share to be allotted to him. The most con- spicuous case is that connected with the discovery of the composition of water. Upon this xjuestion opposing views were taken by the Rev. Vernon Harcourt, Arago, Brougham, and others, the claims of Cavendish, Watt, and Lavoisier respec- tively being supported by different writers. This topic has been reviewed at full length by Kopp. Lavoisier studied practical and economic matters as well as pure science, and was especially in- terested in agriculture, the manufacture of saltpetre and gunpowder, and he was an active member of the commission on weights and measures. His later researches were upon respiration, and it was in the midst of this work that he fell a victim to the Revolution, 8 May, 1794. Hoefer has brought a severe indictment against the most distinguished of his scientific contemporaries for having apparently made no effort to save him. His researches were published in the Memoirs of the Academy. They were collected in 6 vols. , 4°, and published 1862-1893. QueYard, La France Litt&raire, 1830, iv. p. 642. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830-31, ii. pp. 75-141. Cuvier, Histoire des Progrts des Sciences Natur- clles, 1834, i. p. 65, &c. Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophie Chimique, l837> PP- J34-i86, &c. ; 1878, pp. 135-202, &c. Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, pp. no- 165, &c. Arago, Historical Eloge of James Watt, trans- lated from the French . . . by James Patrick Muirhcad, 1839, 8°, p. 102 (the water con- troversy). W. Vernon Harcourt, ' Presidential Address.' UNIVERSITY 1 X LA VOISIER—LEADE LAVOISIER (ANTOINE LAURENT). Continued. Report of the ninth meeting of the British Associa- tion . . . held at Birmingham, in August, 1839. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 360, 363, 365 I 1869, ii. pp. 351, 355, 357, 489-53°- Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 299- 315, &c., &c. Kire'evsky, Histoire des Legislateitrs Chimistes, 1845, pp. 22-88. Brougham, Lives of Men of Letters and Science who flourished in the time of George III., 1846, ii. pp. 227-276 ; Works, 1855, i. pp. 290-333. Muirhead, Correspondence of the late James Watt on his discovery of the Composition of Water, 1846. Trattato elementare di Chimica, Torino, 1847, pp. 138-155, 190-197. George Wilson, Life of the Hcnble. Henry Cavendish, London, Cavendish Society, 1851 (the water controversy ; Bibliography, p. 269). Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 671. Samuel Brown, ' Phlogiston and Lavoisier,' North British Review, No. xxxv. Reprinted in his Lectures on the Atomic Theory and Essays Scientific and Literary, 1858, i. pp. 186-245. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col. i. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wijrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1392. Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 70-120. Gerding, Geschichte der Chemie, 1867, p. 135, &c. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 1869, 2eme Serie, ii. p. 106. Ladenburg, Vortrdge iiber die Entwicklungs- geschichte der Chemie in den letzten hundert Jahren, 1869, pp. 21 & sqq. Adolphe Wurtz, A History of Chemical Theory from the Age of Lavoisier to the present time, translated and edited by Henry Watts, 1869, 8°. Wurtz, Histoire des doctrines chimiques depuis Lavoisier jusqu'd nos jn-urs. Paris, 1869, 12° (appeared originally as the ' Discours Preliminaire' to the Dictionnaire de Chimie pure et appliqutt). C. E. Jullien, La Chimie nouvelle, ou la Crassier de la nomenclature chimique de Lavoisier deblayt, 1870, 8°. Santesson, Kemiens Grundsanningarframstdllda i Leftiadsteckningar af dess Heroer, Stockholm (1870), p. 51, &c., &c. (This is a free translation of Hoefer' s book preceding.) Kopp, Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuertn Zeit, 1873, pp. 85-216, &c., &c. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. pp. 235-310 (the water controversy). M. M. P. Muir, Heroes of Science. Chemists, 1883, pp. 79-100, &c. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 30 ; ii. p. 164, Edouard Grimaux, Lavoisier, 1743-1794, dapres sa Correspondance, ses Manuscrits, ses Papiers de Famille et dautres Documents inedits, Paris, 1888, 8°, 10 plates. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1888, xlii. p. 297. H. Picton, The Story of Chemistry (1889), pp. 231-254, Berthelot, La Revolution Chimique. Lavoisier, 1800, 8°, pp. xii. 334. Frontispiece. La Grande Encyclopldie , xxi. pp. 1064-68 (by Berthelot). Ernst von Meyer, A History of Chemistry trans- lated by George 'McGowan, 1891, pp. 151-162, &c., &c. Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894, pp. 88-141. Ramsay, The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1896, pp. 100-118. LEADE (JANE). Sonenblume der Weisen, das ist : Eine helle und klare Vorstellung der Prae- parirung defs Philosophischen Steins, neben Bestraffung derjenigen welche sich ohne Grund hierinen bemiihen. Wie auch eine Wohlmeinende Warming in was vor Materien man sich hierinnen zu hiiten, indem die Authorin ihre selbsteigene Thorheiten, so sie in ungegriindeten Arbeiten begangen, aller Welt vor Augen stellet. Zum offentlichen Druck verfertiget und an das Tagesliecht gebracht von Leona Constantia in Afflictionibus triumphante. Im Jahr 1704. 12°. Pp. 120. Aus Leona Constantia Sonnenblume der Weisen. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 172. See MYSTERIUM Magnum. Jane Ward, daughter of Schildknap Ward of a Norfolk family, was born in 1623. She married her cousin, William Lead, or Leadc, and, on his death not long after, she lived in seclusion in London, and devoted herself to a religious life, to which she considered herself called by a mysterious voice when a girl. She studied Bohme and wrote mystical books, one of which, translated into Dutch and German, made her known on the Continent. Francis Lee, on his return from Venice in 1694, fell in with her book and sought her out in London, and was adopted by her as her son, and became her disciple. When her eyesight failed her, he attended to her, looked after her correspondence, wrote to her dicta- tion, and edited her books. Lee was the founder of the Philadelphian Society which included not only Mrs. Leade, but a number of the mystics of the time, her followers, and she wrote certain mes- sages to them. Pordage, one of the members, wrote a letter which seems to be addressed to her (see PORDAGE ( JOHN) ). They drew up a constitu- tion and printed their Transactions, which appeared in five numbers, from March to November, 1697, LEADE—LEBENWALDT LEADE (JANE). Continued. and with other papers form a small volume in 4°. This book has become rare. Towards the end of her life she was in poor cir- cumstances. She died 19 Aug., 1704, and Lee J. H. Feustking, Gynaeceumhaeretico-fanaticum, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1704, i. p. 412. Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- moritm, 1708, Liber de Anonymis Scriptoribus detectis, p. 415, No. 1691 (Fischer's German trans- lation of her works). Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 43. Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophise hen Historie, 1735, vi. p. 1180. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1737, xvi. col. 1253. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 1157 (Th. II. xvii. 19, §59). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. wrote an account of her last hours. Her works are numerous, and a list is given by Miss Fell Smith ; they are all mystical and do not refer to chemistry or alchemy. col. 2326 ; Rotermund's Fertsetzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1451. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 106. Beylrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chetnie, 1785, p. 646. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1789, ii. p. 319. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. p. 117. Notes and Queries, 4th Series, 1870, vi. p. 529. British Quarterly Review, July, 1873, Ivii. pp. 181-187 (article by Canon Jenkins). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxxii. p. 312 (article by Miss C. Fell Smith). LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A). Adami a Lebenwaldt, Philosophi & Medici, Com. Pal. Caes. Not. Apost. Publ. Erstes Tractate!, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Hebreer Cabala mit einem Vorbericht wie der Teuffel bey dem Menschlichen Ge- schlecht auff vnderschidliche VVeifs eingeschlichen. Saltzburg, Druckts vnd verlegts Job. Baptist Mayr, Hoff- vnd Academ. Buchdrucker, 1680. 12°. Pp. [12] 80. Andertes Tractatel, von der List und Betrug defs Teuffels in der Astrologia Judiciaria, oder zu vil Urtheilenden Stern- Kunst. Pp. [4] 95 [i blank]. % Drittes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in den Vier Elementen vnd vil andern aberglaubischen Dingen. Pp. [2] 140 [i, i blank]. Vierdtes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List und Betrug in der falschen Alchy- misterey und Goldmacher-Kunst. Pp. [2] 129 [5 blank, 2]. Wants the title, pp. 83-86, and a blank leaf. Tracts 5-8 are wanting. They are as follows : Funfftes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List und Betrug in der Berg-Ruethen und Berg-Spiegl, 1 68 1, pp. [2] 137 [3 blank]. Sechstes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Waffen-Salben, vnd so genandten Sympathetischen Pulver, 1681, pp. [2] 198. Sibentes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Transplantation oder Vberpflantzung der Kranckheit, 1681, pp. [2] 166. Achtes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in Verfiihrung der Menschen zur Zauberey, 1681, pp. [4] 362. Lebenwaldt, or Lebwald von Lebenwald, who flourished in the middle of the seventeenth century, was born at Sailenspach, in Upper Austria, in the government of the Count of Spruitzstein, 25 Nov., 1624, studied medicine, was M.D. of Padua, and had practised the art for seven and twenty years, as he tells us in the dedication of the above book. He was created Count Palatine, was a councillor in Styria, Imperial poet laureate, Apostolic Notari- us and provincial physician to the Duke of Styria. He was received into the Leopoldine Academy Mercklin, Lindenivs renovatus, 1686, p. 8. Cornelius & Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- tonim in re medica physica fir" chymica, Amstel. , 1696, p. 70. under the name of Aesculapius II., 7 Feb., 1683. He died 10 (20) June, 1696. He wrote : Damographia, oder Gemsenbeschrei- bung in 2 Thcilen, Salzburg, 1680, 4° ; Das Land- Stadt- und Haus- Arzney-Buch, Niirnberg, 1695, folio, and numerous communications to the Leo- poldine Academy, for which see the list given by Cornelius a Beughem. In the British Museum catalogue he is called Adam Lebwald von Lebenwald. Kopp calls him Adam A. Lebenswaldt, and says there are eight tracts altogether, of which the fourth deals with the deceits of alchemy. Leben- waldt scolds vigorously and reveals the tricks of apparent transmutations. He has some remarks also on the Rosicrucians. The opinions expressed in these tracts were attacked by Johann Tillemann or Tileman, in three ' Defensiones contra Adamum & Lebenwald,' printed without place or date, probably at Inns- pruck about 1680, in small 12°, i. sig. A in twelves [last leaf blank] ; ii. sigs. A, B in twelves, C in four [2 blank] ; iii. sig. A in twelve. Tileman anagrammatises his name into ' Du Nebel laut. ' Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 48. (Memoir from the Miscellanea Nat. Cur. Decur. , iij. Ann. v. & vi.) LEBENWALDT—LE CROM LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte melallicce, 1732, p. 89. Gundling, Historic der Gelahrhett, 1735, iii. p. 3208 (refers to Ephemerides Academias Naturae Curiosorum ad Ann. 1699 et 1700). Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2327 ; Roternmnd's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 89. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 113. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 695. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 34. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 192. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. p. 468. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 392. LE BRETON (CHARLES). Les Clefs de la Philosophic Spagyrique, qui donnent la connoissance des Principes & des veritables Operations de cet Art dans les Mixtes des trois genres, par feu M. Le Breton, Medecin de la Faculte de Paris. A Paris, rue S. Jacques, chez Claude Jombert, au coin de la rue des Mathurins, a I'lmage Notre-Dame. M.DCCXXII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy. 16°. Pp. [8] 398 [a]. [Another Copy.] This book is merely mentioned by Lenglet Dufresnoy, in the Beytrag, by Gmelin, and by Kopp, but they say nothing about the author. He is omitted by Schmieder. Haller refers to a per- Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 1736, PP. 568, 571. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 129, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 36. son called Le Breton, author of a work on select surgical remedies, 1716, but I do not know for certain if he be the same as the chemist. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 660. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 318. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1315. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 364. LE COMTE (Louis). See COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE). LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?). Vade Mecum Philosophique, en Forme de Dialogue, en Faveur des Enfans de la Science, nouvellement mis au jour, ou Ton fait voir ce que c'est que la vraye Quintessence. Avec un Petit Traite des Dissolutions et Coagulations naturelles & artificielles. Par le Sieur Le Crom. A Paris, chez Daniel Jollet, Imprimeur-Libraire, au bout du Pont Saint Michel, du coste" du Marche" Neuf, au Livre Royal. Et la veuve Papillon, pre*s des Augustins, a la descente du Pont-Neuf, aux Armes d'Angleterre. M.DCC.XIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege. 12°. Pp. [7, i blank] 107 [i blank]. Petit Trait6 des Dissolutions et Coagulations naturelles & artificielles. Pp. 40. Dissertation philosophique sur le Sel Arabe et la Poudre Solaire. Pp. [24] [4]. According to Ladrague, Le Crom is a pseudonym for Frai^ois Marie Pompee Colonne, who not only wrote the above, but under the name of Crosset de la Haumerie composed the book Les Seciets les plus cache's de la Philosophie des Anciens, . . . Paris, 1722, 8°, 1762, 12° (commended in the Journal des Savans, 1723, pp. 112-15), and another which appeared anonymously : Les Principes de la Nature, suivant les opinions desanciens Philosophes, . . . Paris, 1725, 2 vols. , 12°. This identification is not made by Gmelin, who ascribes (ii. p. 318) to Fran/. Mar. Pomp. Colonna a work: Histoire naturelle de i ' i/nivers, Paris, 1734, 2 vols., 12°; to Crosset de la Haumerie (hid. ) : Les secrets les plus cache's . . . but with the date 1723 ; and (Ibid. p. 356) to Lc Crom : i6 LE CROM—LEEUWENHOEK LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?). Continued. Plusieurs experiences utiles et curieuses concer- nant la Medecine et la Metallique, Paris, 1718, 12°. As for Lenglet Dufresnoy, he does not include Colonne at all ; Crosset de la Haumerie is credited with the tract above mentioned ; and to Le Crom is assigned the work Plusieurs experiences . . . 1718, only. But he adds that he visited Le Crom sometimes, and did not think that Le Crom en- gaged in the Hermetic Science, but only in so far as it could serve medicine. Le Crom is not mentioned either by Schmieder or Kopp. More recent notices do not make very clear the connection between Colonne and Le Crom. The article in the Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale simply mentions Alexandre Le Crom as the name under which he wrote certain books, including the above, but Che'surolles seems to imply that Le Crom was not a mere pseudonym, for he describes him as being ' une espece d'apothicaire demeurant rue St. Denis, a Paris.' Colonna, or Colonne, was born in Italy about 1649, came to France in 1669, went back to Italy the following year, and then returned and settled in Paris. He perished in the fire which consumed his house at Paris in 1726. He is said to have been a learned man, skilled in mathematics, but he was specially devoted to the occult sciences, and the Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 143, 183. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 318, 356. LEEUW. See VREESWYK (GOOSSEN VAN). books which he wrote refer chiefly to them. They are as follows : Introduction a la philosophie des anciens, Paris, 1698, 12°. This is said to be merely a revision of the Escalier des Sages, Groningen, 1689, fol. , by Rarent Comders van Helpen. Les secrets les plus caches de la philosophie des anciens, Parts, 1722, 1762, 12°, under the name Crosset de la Haumerie. Abr£g£ de la doctrine de Paracelse et ses Archi- doxes, Paris, 1724, 12°, under the anagram Sum incola franc us. Les principes de la Nature selon les opinions des anciens philosophes, Paris, 1725, 2 vols., 12°, anonymous. Nouveau Miroir de la fortune, Paris, 1726, 12°. Principes de la Nature on la generation des choses, Paris, 1731, 12°, posthumous, edited by Gosmond. Histoire naturelle de 1'univers, Paris, 1734, 4 vols., 12°. Plusieurs experiences utiles sur la m6decine, la metallique, &c., Paris, 1719, 12°, under the name of Alexandre Lecrom. Vade-Mecum Philosophique, Paris, 1719, 12°, as above. Suite des experiences utiles, Paris, 1725, 12°. Biographie Universelle, 1844, viii. p. 661 (article by Ch&urolles). Nouvelle Biographie Ghierale, 1856, xi. col. 296. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 591, 1312-14. LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN). Observations faites avec la Microscope sur le sang et sur le lait. See RECUEIL d'experiences, 1679, p. 221. Leeuwenhoek was born at Delft, 24 Oct., 1632, at the age of 16 began to learn business with a merchant in Amsterdam, and spent some years there. After his marriage at Delft he gave up business and devoted himself to the study of science, and became one of the most distinguished of microscopic observers. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1679. His death occurred Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1088. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 54-63. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 535. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, p. 89. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 173,6, p. 584. Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litteranam Anatomes, 1738, pp. 522, 523. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrlen-Lexicon, 1740, p. 466. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 341. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2336 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1436. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la AtdJecine, 1755, ii. p. 120 ; 1778, iii. p. 67. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774. i. pp. 606, 704. in his gist year, 26 Augt., 1723, and he continued an unwearied worker to the very end. His letters refer to crystallization, the configuration of the diamond, the solution of silver, compression of the air, experiments with cinnabar, gunpowder, &c., &c. His works were collected and published at Leyden, 1722, 4 vols., 4°; English translation by Samuel Hoole, 1798-1800, 3 parts, 4°. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 202. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 33, 121. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 200. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv. p. xxvii. Ann. 1680. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xx. p. 218. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 362 ; no date, xxiv. p. 387. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 561. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. pp. 117-119, 209, 224, 250, 264, 265, 266. Delvenne, Biographie du Royaume des Pays-Bas, 1829, ii. p. 64. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i. PP- 244-245. LEEUWENHOEK—LE FEVRE 17 LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN). Continued. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. P. J. Haaxman, Antony van Leeuvtenhoek de p. 498. Ontdekker der Infusorien, 1675-1875, Leiden, 1875 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1860, xxxi. col. (with portrait, facsimile and illustrations. Pp. 13. 138-140, list of references to Leeuwenhoek). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- W. J. A. Huberts, Biographisch Woordenboek ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404. der Noord- en Zuid-Nederlandsche Letterkunde, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Deventer, 1878, p. 303 (quite a short notice). Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 280. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 2e Section, 1887, xlii. p. 358. LE FEVRE (NICOLAS). Neuvermehrter Chymischer Handleiter, und Guldnes Kleinod : Das ist : Deutliche Unterweisung, wie man die von Chymischer Wissenschafft ins gemein handelende Schrifften recht verstehen ; und nach Ordnung der Spagyrischen und Apotheckerischen Bereit-Kunst die darzu erforderte wiirck- liche Operation gebiihrlich verrichten, die Vegetabilia, Animalia, und Mineralia, ohne Einbufs ihrer wesentlichen Krafte bereiten ; auch die Fehler welche ehdessen in den gemeinen Apothecken begangen worden, abschaffen, und nach der heutigen Verbesserung alle Bereitungen anstellen miisse : Vormals treufleissigst in Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben, durch N. Le Febure, Seiner Kon. Maj. in Frankreich ordinar-Apotheckern, und Chymischen Distillatorn, &c. Anitzo aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde aufs Neue durchaus in vielem noch mehr erlautert, und mit hauffigen Secreten und nutzlichen Artzneystiicken vermehrt, und zum andern mal durch den Druck publiciret von Joh. Hiskia Cardilucio. Mit Chur-Fiirstl. Sachsischen Privilegio. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Joh. Andreae Endters Sel. Sohne. M.DC.LXXXV. 8°. Pp. [34] 867 [55]. Title red and black. Engraved title wanting. 14 engraved plates. Cours de Chymie, pour servir d'Introduction a cette Science. Par Nicolas Le Fevre, Professeur Royal de Chymie, & Membre de la Societe* Royale de Londres. Cinquieme Edition, Revue, corrige'e & augmente'e d'un grand nombre d'Operations, & enrichie de Figures. Par M. Du Monstier, Apoticaire de la Marine & des Vaisseaux du Roi ; Membre de la Societe" Royale de Londres & de celle de Berlin. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Rollin, Fils, Quay des Augustins, a Saint Athanase. M.DCC.LI. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Pp. [4] xxxvj. [4] 454 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Six plates. II. [4] x. 472. i plate. III. [4] xiv. 477 [3 bl.]. 2 plates. IV. [4] iij.-xiv. 436 (for 484). V. [4] iij.-xx. [2 bl.] 436. 2 plates. H is name also appears as Le Febure and Lefebvre. and he was much flattered by this promotion. What little is known of his life is obtained He occupied the post for fully a dozen years, and chiefly from his own work. He was born early in in 1660 published a summary of the instruction he the seventeenth century, where is not stated, and had been in the habit of giving in his treatise on he was educated in the Protestant College of chemistry, of which many editions are extant. Sedan, a town to which he alludes more than once. In 1664 he accepted the invitation of Charles II., He was initiated in chemistry and pharmacy by his and was appointed Royal professor of chemistry father, and he himself has described the course of and Apothecary in Ordinary to the Household at his studies. A little before his time had begun the St. James's, and was also elected a fellow of the movement which ended in the foundation of the newly-founded Royal Society. He died in London Jardin du Roi, and the appointment of Dr. William in 1674. Davisson as the first professor of botany and chem- He wrote two lx>oks : Chimie thtoriqut el istry. When Davisson left, Le F&vre succeeded pratique, Paris, 1660, 2 vols., 12°. Several editions him by the influence of Vallot, the king's physician, are recorrl( d : Paris, 1669, 2 vols. ; Lcyden, 1669, II. B i8 LE FEVRE—LEHMANN LE FEVRE (NICOLAS). Continued. 2 vols., 12°, pp. i. [64] 1-556, ii. [4] 557-1216 [21, i blank], 8 plates; Paris, 1674, 2 vols., 12°; Leyden, 1696. It was translated into German, Nurnberg, 1678, 8° ; 1675 ; the above in 1685, and again in 1688. The English translation was made by ' a gentle- man of his Majesty's Privy Chamber,1 whose initials are P. D. C. It appeared at London, 1664, 4°, in 2 parts, bound together. It was reissued in 1670, with two different title-pages, on one of which he calls himself Fellow of the Royal Society. It may be observed that, on the title- page, the author's name appears as Nicasius le Febvre and not Nicolas. Conring, In ttniversam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. xi. vi.**). Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 74 (calls him Le Februe). Stolle, Anleitun% zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce meta/lica, 1732, p. 56 (calls him le Fiirbe). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 4. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdccine, 1755, ii. p. in ; 1778, iii. p. 41. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 27, 116. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, P. 623. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 745 ; 1798, ii. pp. 357, 517. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 146. Eloy mentions an edition of 1740. The treatise also appeared in Latin, Besan9on, !737i 2 vols., 4°. The second work in French was published in 1665. I have not seen this, but only the English version : A Discourse upon Sr. Walter RawIeigK1! Great Cordial , . . rendered into English by Peter Belon, London, 1664, small 8°, pp. [2 blank, 18] no. He is said to have translated into French the ' Religio Medici ' of Sir Thomas Brown : La Re- ligion du Medecin . . . Imprime~e I' An 1668, without place or printer, 12°, pp. [24] 360. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 564 (article by Orfila). Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), 359 A Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophic Chimique, 1837, p. 51 ; 1878, p. 56 ; Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, p. 15. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 286; 1869, ii. p. 276. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 12, &c. La Grande Encyclopedic, no date, xxi. p. 1130 (is based on Dumas and Hoefer). Haag, La France Protestante, 1855, v. p. 497. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 502. Nouvelle Biographic Gtndrale, 1859, xxx. col. 342. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404. LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN). D. Johann Christian Lehmanns vollkommene Beschreibung eines Bergbohrers, wie solcher nebst seinen darzu gehorigen Stiicken gefertiget, und dam it operiret werden solle; Defsgleichen wie man sich dessen zu bedienen habe auf viel tausend Schuh, sowohl Ortwarts, als Sohl- und Fiirstwerts durch die Damerde, Gebiirge & Festgestein zu bohren ; welchem noch eine sehr grose Ver- besserung derer Puchwerke beygefiiget ist. Mit dazu gehorigen Kupfern. Leipzig, in der Grofsischen Handlung 1750. 8°. Pp. 70 (for 80). 2 folding plates. The first edition was published at Leipzig in 1714, 8°, and an edition of 1716 is mentioned. Lehmann was born at Bautzen (Budissin) in Ober- Lausitz 16 June, 1675. His father Elias was Phil. & Med. D. and private physician to the Saxon Churfursts George II. and III. At first he had a tutor, then he was at school at Bischofs- werda, and in 1690 at the gymnasium at Zittau under Christian Weisen. In 1694 he went to Leipzig, in 1695 graduated as bachelor in arts and medicine, 1696 he was master, and in 1699 doctor of medicine. He was appointed extraordinary pro- fessor of the Institutes of Medicine in 1707, and in 1710 ordinary professor. In 1712 the Leopoldine Academy elected him a member under the name of Antenor II. and on the 7 June, 1713, he received the same distinction from the Berlin Academy. In 1723 he was 'collegiat1 in the great ' Fiirsten- Collegium,' and in 1732 he attained the dignity of Senior of the Philosophical Faculty and Decemvir of the Academy at Leipzig. His death occurred 19 Jan. , 1739, at Leipzig". He was distinguished by his experimental and manipulative ability and by the ingenious instru- ments which he constructed. A large number of academic programmes, orations and dissertations on varied subjects came from his pen. Those relating more particularly to chemistry are the following : Dissertatio de transmutationibus corporum extra- ordinariis, Lips., 1696, 4°. Disputatio de Balsamo Peruviano nigro, Lips., 1707, 4°. Von Zusammenordinirung derer Gradierhauser, Gradierdacher, Gradier-Maschinen, Gradir-Rohren und Passer, an, unter und iiber denen Siedepfannen und ihren Rauchfangen, Dresden, 1719, 4°, and one or two others on salt working. His papers on experimental physics were published in the trans- actions of the Berlin Academy, 1746, & sqq. Utilitatis physicae verse Specimina VI., Leipz., 1714-36, 4°, with engravings. LEHMANN— LEHR-SA TZE LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicee, 1732, p. 89. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 466. Acta Academice Natura Curiosorum, 1742, vi. App. pp. 180-190. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2343 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdn- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1504. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historic., 1755, p. 489, No. 292. Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 777 (the mineral water at Reibelsgriin) ; 1799, iii. p. 27 (saltworks). Gottlieb Friedr. Otto, Lexikon der seit dem funfzehenden Jahrhunderte verstorbenen und jezt- lebenden Oberlausisischen Schriftsteller und Kiinst- ler, Gorlitz, 1802, II. i. p. 422. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 300. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 360 (Peruvian balsam). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1409. LEHMANN QOHANN GOTTLOB). Abhandlung von den Metall-Miittern und der Erzeugung der Metalle aus der Naturlehre und Bergwerckswissenschaft hergeleitet und mit Chymischen Versuchen erwiesen von D. Johann Gottlob Lehmann. Berlin verlegts Christoph Gottlieb Nicolai. 1753. 8°. Pp. [16] 268 [8]. 2 plates. Vignette of a medal. Nothing is on record of Lehmann's birth or origin. He was a doctor of medicine, a royal Prussian councillor for mines, and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and of others in- cluding the Society of Arts, London. In 1761 he went to St. Petersburg to be professor of chemistry and keeper of the Natural History Museum of the Academy there. He made various natural history journeys in Russia for the Empress Catherine II. In consequence of an accident due to the bursting of a vessel in which he was heating arsenic, he died at St. Petersburg 22 Jan. (20 Feb.), 1767, but ac- cording to the Biographie Universelle, his death was the result of a bilious fever. Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem I^eben ausgezeichneter Teutichen des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts, pp. 163- 165. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 338, &c., &c. Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teulschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp. 108-111. (Meusel remarks on the meagre informa- tion about him.) Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 300, 311, 323, 324, 331, 332, 336. 341, 343, 36o. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- He published various works : Abhandlung von Phosphoris, deren verschiedener Bereitung, Nutzen und andere dabey vorkom- mende Anmerkungen, Dresden und Leipzig, J749. 4°- Abhandlung von den Metall-Muttern und der Erzeugung der Metalle . . . mit chymischen Ver- suchen erwiesen, Berlin, 1752, 8°. Probier-Kunst, Berlin, 1775, 8°. Cadmiologia. Konigsberg und Leipzig, a Th. 1761-66, — besides treatises on mineralogy, on alum boiling, kao-lin, on forests, charcoal-burning, and papers in the transactions of the Academies of Berlin, St. Petersburg, Haarlem, London, etc. mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1607. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 566. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ; 1869, ii. p. 367. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847. iv. pp. 78, 81, 154. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col. 456- Biographie Universelle, no date, xxiii. p. 651. Poggendorff, Riographisch-literarischts Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1409. See RESPUR (P. M. VON), Besondere Versuche, 1772. LEHR-JUNGER der Natur. See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752. LEHR-SATZE von der Preparation des Steins der Weisen. See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. viii. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 1779, >»• P- 216. LEHR-SATZE vor die Schiiler der Weifsheit. See MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE), Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel hervorbrechenden Morgen-Rothe, 1767. LEHR-SATZE ... von der Weisheit und Chymie . . . See SCHWART2FUSS (Anonymus von), 1706. 20 LEITER—LEMERY LEITER der Philosopher urn. See SCALA Philosophorum. LEITUNGS-FADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen und Alchymischen Labyrinth, um sicher darinnen zugehen, durch das Licht der Erfahrung, alle Hand- Arbeiten und Griffe die in dieser Kunst erfordert werden, mit neuen schonen Erfindungen, und einigen sehr niitzlichen Geheimnlissen versehen, auch alle definitiones begreiffende. Allen hohen Potentaten, grossen Herren, Rittern und Edlen, Hochgelehrten Doctoren, wie auch andern wiirdigen Liebhabern der Hermetischen Kunst, zu sonderbahrem Nutzen, und um die Verschwendung der Zeit, und vieler Tausenden in Sudlereyen zuverhiiten zur Neuen Jahres- Gabe dem offentlichen Druck iibergeben, durch den aller hier beschriebenen Arbeiten, durch zwantzig Jahrige Erfahrung practicirten und gereiseten Pilgram. Braunschweig, Verlegts Caspar Grubers, 1691. 8°. No pagination. Sigs. A-D in eights, E3 [=pp. 70]. The book contains a short system of assaying is no mystery in this tract. It was reprinted in and testing of ores and such like bodies, and gives Schroder's Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir . . . an account of the processes and substances. There Chemie, 1776, II. ii. pp. 1-74. LE MAITRE (ALEXANDRE CHRISTIAN). Der Astralische Geist oder der Balsam defs Lebens, bewiesen in der Mag- netischen Balsamischen Krafft defs Antimonialischen gereinigten Vitriols, durch die Beyspiele der gantzen wiirckenden Natur, von den wunderbahren Proben defs Sympatischen Pulvers, vnd dessen auffrichtigen Bereitung. An Tag geben durch Alexandrum Christianum le Maitre, G. G. Q. v. O. I. Getruckt in Verlegung defs Authoris im Jahr 1684. 12°. Pp. [12] 174 (but should be 168). Title fed and black. LEMERY (NICOLAS). Cours de Chymie, oder : Der vollkommene Chymist, welcher die in der Medicin gebrauchlichen Chymischen Processe auf die leichteste und heil- samste Art machen lernt, und mit den scharffsinnigsten Anmerckungen und Urtheilen liber jeden Procefs die Liebhaber dieser Wissenschafft weiter anfuhret : Wie er von Herrn Niclas Lemery, der Medicin hochberiihmten Doctorn, und Koniglichen Frantzosischen Hof-Apotheckern zu Paris, heraus- gegeben, und aus der neuesten Frantzosischen Edition ins Teutsche iibersetzet und bey jetziger vierten Auflage aufs neue und correcteste revidiret. Drefsden und Leipzig, verlegts Raphael Christian Sauerefsig, 1734. 8°. Pp. [56] 652 ; 390 [42, 2 blank]. Title red and black. 6 plates of apparatus. Wants a plate, i. pp. 84-5. Nicolai Lemeri, weyland Medicinae Doctoris und Konigl. Frantzosischen Hof- Apotheckers zu Paris, Cursus Chymicus, oder vollkommener Chymist, welcher die in der Medicin vorkommenden Chymischen Praeparata und Processus auf die verniinfTtigste, leichteste und sicherste Art zu verfertigen lehret. Aus dem Frantzosischen iibersezt und bey dieser fiinfften Auflage aufs neue durch- gesehen, corrigirt und mit Zusatzen vermehret, von D. Johann Christian LEMERY 21 LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued. Zimmermann. Mit Konigl. Pohl. u. Churfurstl. Sachfs. allergnadigsten Privilegio. Dresden, 1754. Im Verlag der Waltherischen Buchhandlung 8°. Pp. [10, including frontispiece] 978. Register [46] 46. Frontispiece (portrait of Lemery), 6 plates of apparatus, i folding plate of symbols. New Curiosities in Art and Nature : Or, a Collection of the most Valuable Secrets in all Arts and Sciences; as Appears by the Contents. Composed and Experimented by the Sieur Lemery, Apothecary to the French King. Translated into English from the Seventh Edition. Printed this last Year in French, in which is near one half more than any former Edition. Illustrated with Cuts. To which is added a Supplement by the Translator. London : Printed for John King, at the Bible and Crown in Little Britain ; and Sold by J. Morphew, near Stationers-Hall. 1711. 8°. Pp. [16] 354. Index [14]. Frontispiece and 8 plates. Nicolai Lemery Neue Curieuse Chymische Geheimniifse des Antimonii, durch mancherley Experimenta eroffnet, und aus denen neuesten Principiis Physicis kliirlich erwiesen, aus dem Frantzosischen ins Teutsche iibersetzt von Johann Andreas Mahlern, Med. Doct. Dresden, bey Joh. Jacob Wincklern, 1709. 8°. Pp. [32] 560 [14]. Title red and black. [Another Copy.] Pharmacopee Universelle, contenant toutes les Compositions de Pharmacie qui sont en usage dans la Medecine, tant en France que par toute 1'Europe ; leurs Vertus, leurs Doses, les manieres d'operer les plus simples & les meilleurs. Avec un Lexicon Pharmaceutique. Plusieurs Remarques Nouvelles, et des Raisonnemens sur chaque Operation. Par Nicolas Lemery, de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, Docteur en Medecine. Seconde Edition. Revue, corrigee & augmente'e. A Paris, Chez Laurent D'Houry, Imprimeur- Libraire, rue de la Harpe, vis-a-vis la rue S. Severin, au Saint-Esprit. M.DCCXV. Avec Approbations et Privilege du Roy. 4°. Pp. [20] 1092, with an extra leaf: * 956-7 ; table [42]. Title red and black. Dictionaire ou Traite Universel des Drogues Simples. Oil Ton trouve leurs differens noms, leur origine, leur choix, les principes qu'elles renferment, leurs qualitez, leur etymologic, & tout ce qu'il y a de particulier dans les Animaux, dans les Vegetaux, & dans les Mineraux. Ouvrage dependant de la Pharma- copee Universelle. Par Nicolas Lemery, de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, Docteur en Medecine. Quatrie'me Edition. Revile, corrige'e, & beaucoup augmente'e par 1'Auteur, Avec des Figures en Taille douce. A Rotterdam, Chez Jean Hofhout. M DCC XXVII. 4°. Pp. [20] 590 [58]. Title red and black, xxv. plates. Mantissa Chimica Spagirica. See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galeno-Chymicus, 1698. 22 LEMER Y—LEMNIVS LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued. Lemery was born at Rouen, 17 Nov., 1645 (others 1644). He was trained by an apothecary, but wishing to extend his knowledge he went to Paris and attended the demonstrations of Glaser. As he did not learn with him he departed, and his dissatisfaction has been the origin of the unfavour- able estimate formed of Glaser by Fontenelle and often repeated since, without a question as to its accuracy (see GLASER). Lemery travelled for six years, and on his return to Paris began as an apothecary, but also gave lectures in the laboratory of a friend, Martin, apothecary of the Prince of Cond6. Afterwards he gave courses in a laboratory of his own, and they were thronged by persons attracted and interested by the clearness of his explanations and the cleverness of his experiments. In 1681 (1683?), on account of his religious opinions, he went to England, but, as affairs did not turn out as he expected, he returned to France and graduated in medicine at Caen, in 1683. The Re- vocation of the Edict of Nantes deprived him of the right to practise medicine, so he joined the Romish church in 1686, and resumed his courses. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 836. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. XI. vi. * * ). Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- torum in re medico, physica & chymica, 1696, p. 188 (de remedio cpntra colicam nephriticam). Fontenelle, ' Eloge,' Histoire de I' Acaddmie royale des Sciences, annee 1715 ; Paris, 1718, pp. 73-82. Niceron, Mdmoires, 1728, iv. pp. 212-220 ; 1731, x. pt. 2, p. 142. Manget, Bibliotheca Scrip/or um Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 66-67. Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, Jena, 1731, pp. 700, 701, 801 (life), 802, 803. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, p. 90. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-L^xicon, Jena, 1740, p. 468. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 6, 7, 202, 334, 335, 336, 337- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrtett-I^exicon, Leipzig, 1750, ii. col. 2357 ; and Rotermund's Fortsetzting und Erganzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1561. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 1755, ii. p. 114; 1778, iii. p. 47. Gottingische Gekhrte Anzeigen, 1755, Bd. i. p. 430 (review of the fifth edition of his chemistry). MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1759, VI. ii. p. 228. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 809. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 129- 131 ; 228, 242, 251, 431. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 57. Reuss, Reperlorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 3, 91, 141, 143. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemise/ten Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 179, 211, 221, 222, 223. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xx. p. 160. In 1699 ne was made associate of the Academy in chemistry, and succeeded Bourdelin as pensioner. He died of apoplexy, 19 June, 1715, and was succeeded in the Academy by his son, Louis. The Cours de Chimie was first published at Paris in 1675, 7th edition, Paris, 1688, small 8°; 8th edition, Paris, 1696, 8°, with a portrait of the author ; loth edition, Paris, 1712, and the last Paris, 1756, 4°, edited by Th. Baron d'Henou- ville. It was translated into Latin, German, English, and Spanish. His Nouvel Recueil de Secrets et Curiosity's les plus rares was published at Amsterdam, 1709, 2 vols. , 8°. Pharmacopte Universelle, Paris, 1697 and 1706, 4°- Trail^ . . . des drogues simples, Paris, 1698 (?) ; 2d ed. 1714 (?); another edition, 1759. He was the author of papers on camphor, honey, &c., in the Paris Memoirs. A very full list of his works is given by QueYard and Haag. His son, Louis Lemery, was demonstrator of chemistry in the Jardin du Roi. Biographie Universelle, Paris, 1819, xxiv. p. 47; Paris, n.d. xxiv. p. 83. Rees, The Cyciopeedia, 1819, xx. sub voce. Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v- P- 572. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 291. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 235- Que"rard, La France litttraire, Paris, 1833, v. p. 141. Cap, Eloge, couronne'e par 1 Acade'mie de Rouen, 1838 ; reprinted in Cap's Etudes Biographiques, 1857, Premiere Se>ie, pp. 180-226. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 293- 300 ; 1869, ii. pp. 284-290. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 183-185, &c., &c. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. p. 8. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855. PP- S°5. 864. Haag, La France Protestante, 1856, vi. pp. 538- 544 (notice with good lists). Lebreton, Biographie Normande, Rouen, 1857- 61, ii. p. 497. Edouard Frere, Manuel du Bibliographe Nor- matid, Rouen, 1858-60, ii. p. 204. Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographie Gdndrale, Paris, 1862, xxx. col. 593. Poggendorff, Biographisch-liferarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1417. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- cales, 1869, 2eme SeYie, ii. p. 147. Kopp, Beitrdge, 1875, "'• P- J86. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 665 (article by Pagel). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 56. LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Levini Lemnii Medici Zirizsei, De Habitu et Constitutione Corporis, quam Grseci Kpaariv, Triuiales Complexionem vocant, Libri II. ; Omnibus quibus secunda valetudo cura est, apprime necessarii : ex quibus cuiq; procliue erit LEMNIUS 13 LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued. corporis sui conditionem, animique motus, ac totius conseruandre sanitatis rationem ad amussim cognoscere. Nunc vero ab innumeris mendis, quibus passim scatebant, vindicati, formaq; commodiore in lucem editi. Cum Indice rerum & verborum copiosissimo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni, sumtibus lonae Rhodii. M.DC.IV. 8°. Pp. [16] 185. Index [9). This accompanies the 1611 reprint of the De stone of Complexions . . . now Englished by T. N., Miraculis. There is an Italian version : Delia London, 1633, small 4°, pp. [8] 248 [10, 2 blank]. complessione del corpo humano libri due, Venetia, The translator's name is Thomas Newton. 1564, 8°, ff. [4] 124 ; and in English : The Touch- De Miraculis Occultis Naturae, Libri IIII. Item de Vita cum Animi et Corporis incolumitate recte instituenda, liber vnus. Illi quidem iam postremum emen- dati, & aliquot capitibus aucti, hie vero nunquam antehac editus : Auctore Levino Lemnio Medico Zirizaeo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni, Impensis lonoe Rhodij. M.DC.IV. 8°. Pp. [16] 582. Indices [55, 3 blank]. The Secret .Miracles of Nature : in Four Books. Learnedly and Moderately treating of Generation, and the Parts thereof; the Soul, and its Immortality; of Plants and living Creatures ; of Diseases, their Symptoms and Cures, and many other Rarities not treated of by any Author Extant ; whereof see more in the Table of the Contents. Whereunto is added one Book containing Philosophical and Prudential Rules how Man shall become Excellent in all conditions, whether high or low, and lead his Life with Health of Body and Mind. Fit for the use of those that practise Physick, and all Others that desire to search into the Hidden Secrets of Nature, for increase of Knowledg. Written by that Famous Physitian, Laevinus Lemnius. London, Printed by Jo. Streater, and are to be sold by Humphrey Moseley at the Prince's Arms in S. Paul's Church- Yard, John Sweeting at the Angel in Popes-Head Alley, John Clark at Mercers-Chappel, and George Sawbridge at the Bible on Ludgate-Hill, 1658. Folio. Pp. [16] 398. Title red and black. Similitudinum ac Parabolarum quse in Bibliis ex Herbis atque Arboribus desumuntur, dilucida explicatio : In qua narratione singula loca explanantur, quibus Prophetas, obseruata stirpium natura, conciones suas illustrant, diuina oracula fulciunt : Auctore Levino Lemnio. Seorsum accesserunt de Gemmis aliquot, iis prsesertim quarum D. loannes Apostolus in sua Apocalypsi meminit : De aliis quoque, quarum vsus hoc seui apud omnes percrebuit, Libri II, Auctore Francisco Rueo, D. medico Insulano. Item Levini Lemnii De Astrologia Lib. I. Francofurti Ex Officina Paltheniana, sumtibus viduas Petri Fischeri. M.D.XCVI. 8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 288. At p. 171 there is a separate title to Rueus' tract, but the pagination is continuous. The tract, De Astrologia, begins on p. 257, with a half-title. These tracts are printed along with certain editions of the treatise of Vallesius de Sacra Philosophic, (q.v.). LEMNIVS—LE MORT LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued. Levinus Lemnius, or Lemmens, was born at Zirickzee, 20 May, 1505, studied first theology, then medicine under Vesalius, and was a friend of Dodoens and Conrad Gesner. He graduated at Padua in 1525, became a successful practitioner in his native place, and died there (in orders, after his wife's death), i July, 1568. He did not write on alchemy or chemistry. His chief work, De Miraculis . . . Natures, in two books, was first published at Antwerp, 1559, 8°. The preface is Miraeus, Elogia Belgica sive illustrium Belgi Scriptorum . . . vitce, Antverp., 1609, p. 99 (under Fr. Ruasus). Castellanus, Vitce illustrium medicorum, 1617, p. 227. Adami, Vitce Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, p. 99. Franciscus Sweertius, Athence Belgicce, 1628, P- SOS- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, P- 335- Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii, 1643, p. 608. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 465. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 748-9. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1245. Jo. Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce Fabricianes Pars VI., 1724, pp. 269, 270, 387. Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini , Venet. , 1726, ii. p. 218, No. 99. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, iii. p. 72. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 70. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 1732, p. 90. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 157 (ii. 2. 2. n). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1738, xvii. col. 66. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, "• P- 792> Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 468. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2359 ; Rotermund's Forlsetzung und F.rgan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1568. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, I755- »• P- I2° I Z778, iii. p. SQ- dated December, 1558. It was again published in 1561, 8°, ff. [16] 164. It was enlarged to four books, and published at Antwerp, 1564, 8°. The following editions are enumerated by me in ' Notes on . . . Books of Secrets': Antwerp, 1574, 1581; Francof., 1590, 1604, 1611 ; Commelin's, s. a. ; French by Gohory, Paris, 1567, 1574 ; Orleans, 1568. There are other editions and translations into German by Jacob Horst, 1572, 1588, and Italian, 1560, 8°, ff. [16] 181 [3 blank]. Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 775-776. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 335. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 334. Les Bibliothtques Francoises de La Croix du Elaine et de Du Verdier, revue . . . par Rigoley de Juvigny, 1773, iv. (Du Verdier, T. ii.) p. 586 (Gohory's translation of 1574). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 221 (contents of 'De occultis naturaj miraculis Libri iv.'). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practical, 1777, ii. p. 136. Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1780, iii. pp. 304, 638. Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheidekunst, 1788, i. p. 286. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 351- 352- Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. i. Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, p. 404. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. p. 212. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1419. Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 315. Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin, 1881, ii. p. 141. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glas- gow, 1883, ii. pp. 187, 250 ; 1890, New Series, i. p. 216. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 666. LE MORT QAKOB). Jacobi Le Mortii, M. D. P. E. C. Chymise Verse Nobilitas & Utilitas, in Physica Corpusculari, Theoria Medica ejusque Materia et Signis, ad majorem per- fectionem deducendis. Comprehendens opera ejus omnia, hucusque typis comrnissa. Quibus seorsim excusa Collectanea, Maetsiana & Marcgraviana, Bibliopolae subjunxerunt Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Fredericum Haaring, Cornelium Boutesteyn, 1696. 4°. Pp. [2 blank, 10] 150 [14]; [2] 173 [18, i blank]; [2] 237 [11] 2 plates; [4] 228 [10, 2 blank]. The last tract wants pp. 113-4. Title red and black. This collection is made up of the following tracts which have separate signatures and pagination. Jacob Le Mort. Chymise verae nobilitas & utilitas. Jacob Le Mort. Pharmacia medio - physica ratione & experientia nobilitata. Lemort (or Jakob le Mort) was the son of an apothecary at Haarlem, and was born 13 Oct., 1650. He was at school at Leyden and then in Jacob Le Mort. Chymia medico-physica ratione & experientia nobilitata. Collectanea Chymica Leidensia Maetsiana & Marcgraviana, olim publice & privatim in Academia Lugduno-Batava Chymiam profitentium, ac docen- tium. the university, where at first he studied theology for three years, but then went to Amsterdam and took up the study of chemistry, intending to LE VNtYERS/TY / ' ;£O2* —LENTILIUS LE MORT QAKOB). Continued. become an apothecary. On the death of his father he returned to Leyden and studied medicine and pharmacy, worked in the laboratory of Karel Lucas de Maets, but in 1672, in consequence of some disagreement, he opened a laboratory of his osvn. Three years later, in 1675, ne started a pharmacy, where he was visited by a number of sick people for advice. He also gave instruction in chemistry, pharmacy, and theoretical and practical medicine, but this was an offence to the doctors, because he had no degree. Mercklin, l.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 487. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 71. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallictz, 1732, p. 104. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 485. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 691 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung und Ergan- zungen, 1813, iv. col. 2146. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine, 1755, ii. p. 116; 1778, iii. p. 52. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 773. Paquot, Aftfmoires pour servir a I'histoire lit- itraire des dix-scpt Provinces des Pays-Has, 1763- v. p. 136. Haller, Bibliot/ieca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763. Six days later, in 1676, lie got the degree of M.D. from Utrecht. Returning to Leyden he renewed his practice and his teaching, on 28 Dec., 1694 he received permission to give public instruction in chemistry, and in. 1702 he was created professor in the faculty. He died i April, 1718. He wrote : Compendium chymicum, Lugd. Bat., 1682, 12°; Chymia Medico-Physica, Lugd. Bat., 1684, 8°, pp. [8] 275 [25]; 1688, 8°; and other works. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, '"'• p. 428. Jon. Wilh. Te Water, Narratio de rebus Aca- demic Lugduno-BatavcB seculo octavo et decimo . . . Lugd. Bat., 1802, p. 199. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 3. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 284 ; 1869, ii. p. 275. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 116 ; 1847, iv. pp. 155, 193. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicate, 1855, yi. P- 3- Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1859, xxx. col. 631. Van der Aa, Biografhisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1869, XII. ii. p. 1064 (and references). LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS). Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique. Accompagnee d'un Catalogue raisonne des Ecrivains de cette Science. Avec le Veritable Philalethe, revu sur les Originaux. Tome Premier. A Paris, chez Coustelier, Libraire, Quay des Augustins. M.DCC.XLII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy. 12°. Tome Premier, pp. [xxiij. i blank] 486 [20]. Tome Second, pp. xxxij. 120 (Transmutations Metalliques) ; 360 ('Le Veritable Philalethe'). Tome Troisieme, pp. [22] 432. Lenglet Dufresnoy (born at Beauvais, 5 Oct., 1674) was a voluminous writer on historical sub- jects, and was possessed of a prodigious memory. He died 6 Jan., 1752 (others 1755), in consequence of the injuries he received by falling into the fire when asleep beside it. The present work consists of four parts : lives of alchemists, with a chronological table ; histories of transmutations ; a translation of Philaletha, and a bibliography of alchemical books. The biblio- graphy certainly contains more titles, but as far as the execution is concerned it shows but little advance on Borel's efforts a hundred years earlier. The author did not believe in alchemy, Michault, Memoires pour servir a I'histoire de la vie et les outrages de M. I'Abbt Lenglet du Fresnoy, Paris, 1761, 12 r. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 471. Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 178^, p. 73. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern (.hftnie, 1785, p.. 560. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 302. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1582 (gives a but he does not give any reason, historical or scientific, for not believing in it, and his criti- cism of books is simply persiflage, which he frequently repeats. One asks why he selected the subject at all. If to him alchemy was a delusion, transmutation deception, and the literature verbi- age, it was hardly necessary to write three volumes to demonstrate his unbelief. He did not seem to be aware that there was any historical significance in the origin, growth, and death, of the alchemical idea. The work published by Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, Paris, 1856, is a rehabilitation of the descriptive part of Lenglet Dufresnoy 's book. short summary of his life and a list of his works, but omits the above). Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 85 ; no date, xxiv. p. 118. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 545. QueYard, La France Litteraire, 1833, v. p. 158. Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1862, xxx. col. 661. \ji&r&ypR,Bibliothe<]ueOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 550, 631, 1737, 1742. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 7, 9, 375. LENTIL1US (Rosmus). Wolgemeintes Bedenken, uber die zu Friihlings- und Herbst-Zeiten unzeitig angestellte Praservir-Ader-lassen. Und wie solche zu bequemerer Zeit 26 LENTIL! US— LEONARD US LENTILIUS (ROSINUS). Continued. anzustellen, bey miissigen Stunden aufgesezzet von Rosino Lentilio, Academ. Leopold. Imperial. Nat. Curios. Colleg. d. Oribasio. Ulm, In Verlag Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, An. 1692. 8°. Pp. [12] 49 LI]- Not about chemistry. Rosinus Lentilius, whose name is also written Linsenbahrdt, was born at Waldenberg 3 Jan., 1657. He graduated M.D. and practised at Crails- haim in Franconia, at Nordlingen and Stuttgart. Subsequently he was appointed private physician to the Marcgrave of Baden Durlach and the Duke of Wiirtemberg, and accompanied the latter on his travels in Holland, France and Spain. On the 31 Mercklin, Lindemus renovatus, 1686, p. 949. Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- torum in. re medico, physica &•» chymica, 1696, pp. 75-77 (from the Ephemer. Acad. Nat. Curiosorum}. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 71. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 470. Jdcher, Allgtmcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2365 ; Rotermund's Fortselzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1589. Buchner, Academies . . . Natures Curiosvnim Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 116. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 1778, iii. p. 84. July, 1683, he was elected to the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. He died at Stuttgart, 12 Feb., 1733. He wrote both on medical and physical subjects, and was the first to advise arsenic in intermittent fevers. In chemistry he wrote on hermetic phos- phorus, on the coal used in England for fires, on the difference between fermentation and efferves- cence. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 117, 139, 215, 222 (mineral waters), 351 (English drops). Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 2, 43, 104, 109, 146. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 6. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. PP- 465, 553- Phillippe und Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, l85S, P- 572- Poggendorff, Biographisch-hterarisches Hand- •worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1883, xviii. p. 262. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 60 (mineral waters). LENTIN (AUGUST GOTTFRIED LUDEWIG). See KEIR (JAMES), 1791. He was born at Dannenberg 4 Jan., 1764, took the degree of Ph. D. and acted as privat-docent at Gottingen from 1795 to 1801. In 1795 ne wrote a paper on the behaviour of metals when heated in deplogisticated air, and in 1798 the first part of his 'Taschenbuch fur Freunde der Gebirgskunde.' At this time he visited England, and wrote ' Briefe iiber die Insel Angelsea," Leipzig, 1800, 8°, and at Hannover in the same year, a translation of a work by his father, a physician at Hannover, who died Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1799, iii. p. 345 (iiber das Verkalken der Metallen). 26 Dec., 1804, ' Memorabilia circa aerem, vitae genus, sanitatem et morbos Clausthaliensium An. 1774-77.' He was appointed clerk to a saltwork at Rothenfeld, and in 1817 salt inspector at Siilbeck and Salzderhelden in the kingdom of Hannover. He also made experiments on the roasting and smelting of ores at the Rammelsberg in a large furnace. He died at Siilbeck, near Eimbeck, 18 Jan., 1823. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423. LEO. See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis. See VERBUM abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi. See also RAYMUNDUS. See also LOWE. For works in which Leo, or Lowe, or Leu, or Leeuw, or Lion, appears in the title, see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 379. LEONA CONSTANTIA. See LEADE (JANE). LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS). Speculum Lapidum Camilli Leonard!. Cui accessit Sympathia septem Metallorum ac septem selectorum Lapidum ad Planetas. D. Petri Arlensis de LEONARDVS—LEONHARD 27 LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS). Continued. Scudalupis Presbyteri Hierosolimitani. Parisiis, Apud Carolum Seuestre, & Dauidem Gilliu via jacobaea e regione Mathurinoru. Et Joannem Petitpas, via D. Joa. Lateran. in collegio Cameracensi. 1610. Cum priuilegio Regis. 8°. Sigs. a, e in eights, i in six. Pp. 499 [i blank]. Index [36]. The title is engraved and represents the portal of a Temple or Tomb, with the above engraved in the centre. De Scudalupis' tract begins p. 245. It is preceded by a blank leaf and a separate title, both included in the signatures but not in the paging. In this copy two leaves containing the portraits of the author and of the Duke de Nivernois are wanting, and the engraved title and another leaf have been pasted together. The author was an Italian physician in Pesaro at Venice in 1565 as his own : ' 6 turpe plagium ! 6 the beginning of the i6th century. He was much detestabile furtum ! 6 calamitatem deplorandam esteemed by Caesar Borgia to whom he dedicated Litterariae Republicse ' ; as Baglivi righteously this book on precious stones. The dedication is exclaims. This is noticed also by Saxius. But dated Id. Sept. , 1502. The book was printed at Baglivi is wrong about the date of the first edition. Venice in 1502 by Joan. Baptist. Sessa, in 4^, The English version was printed in London, ff.lxvi., but Van der Linden and Mercklin and 1750, 8", pp. 240; but Book III., relating to en- Rotermund say at Pesaro, an edition which I have graved stones, is omitted. not seen. Then, Venice, 1516,4°, ff.lxvi. , by Melchior Rotermund's criticism is that he has collected Sessa and I'etrus de Ravanis ; Aug. Vindel., 1533, many fables about the formation and hidden powers 4° ; Paris, 1610, 8° : Hamburg, 1717, 8°. This of precious stones. last edition contains a ' Clavis to the Sympalhia According to Vogt the present edition is mutilated by Petrus Constantinus Albinius, first printed in and worthless. I have compared this 1610 edition 1611. Baglivi says it was written in 1516, and roughly with that of 1502, and so far as I have published at Venice, and then Leonardus' book was observed it is a literal reprint, except that the table translated into Italian by Ludovico Dolci, who, of chapters has been omitted, suppressing the author's name, had the assurance The present seems to be the first publication of to put his own name on it, and published it at the tract of Petrus Arlensis (q.v.). Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 1637, p. 93. col. 2382 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 138. 1630. Baglivi, Opera Omnia Medico-practica et anatom- Christ. Saxius, Oaomasticon Literarium, 1780, ica, Ed. 6ta, 4°, Lugduni, 1704, p. 500, in his iii. p. 397 (under Ludovicus Dulcis). ' Dissertatio de Vegetatione Lapidum.' Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, pp. 594, 658. 1731, II. i. p. 73. Lessing, Kollectaneen zur Literatur, 1790, i. pp. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica, 204, 212. 1732, p. 90. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors), ii. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 5990. p. 472. Pouchet, Histoire dcs Sciences Naturelles au Vogt, Catalogus . . . Librorumrariorum, Hamb. , Moyen Age^ 1853, p. 519. 1747. P. 54- LEONHARD VON ALTENBURG. Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum, das ist: Kurtze und einfaltige Erklahrung des Lapidis Benedicti, worinnen die Hieroglyphica Nomina Philosophorum obscura, welche die Philosophi senigmatisch beschrieben, klar und deutlich gemachet, durch einen der wahren Philosophic Liebhabern entdecket und erklaret, der in der Wahrheit Genuine Feuer-Arbeit Liebet, und da es wohl heissen mag : Aut hie, aut nusquam. Ober- und Nieder-VVasserberg, gedruckt durch Mercurium Schwefelmann. 1769. 8°. Pp. [16, including the emblematical frontispiece] 94. Register [xoj. An edition, probably the first, with the same The author is Leonhard von Altenburg, accord- imprint appeared in 1747 (Ladrague, Bibliotheque ing to the Hermetisches A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122. Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 1463 ; Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 352). Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122. 28 LEONHARDI— LESSER LEONHARDI (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). See BAYEN (PIERRE), Chymische Untersuchungen iiber das Zinn, 1784. Leonhardi was born at Leipzig, 18 June, 1746. He studied there, graduated in philosophy, and in 1771 in medicine. As a privat-docent he read lectures on medicine and chemistry, and in 1781 was extraordinary professor of medicine at Leipzic, and iu 1782 ordinary professor of medicine at Wittenberg. He performed the duties of this office till 1791 when he was summoned to Dresden to be physician and Hofrath to the Elector. He retained his professorship for which he provided a deputy. He died at Dresden, n Jan., 1823. He wrote numerous dissertations on chemical, physical and physiological topics ; translated Mac- quer's Chemical Dictionary, 6 vols. , 1781-1783; second edition, enlarged, 7 vols., 1788-1791; the additions were printed separately in 1792. He translated also Scheele's Treatise on Air and Fire, 1782, 8° ; Schwedisches Apothekerbuch, Leipzig, 1782, and published other works. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 10. L. F. F. Fleming, De Vita et Meritis deati Joh. Gottfr. Leonhardi, Dresden, 1823, 8°. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historiqiie de la Mlde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 431. Kopp, Geschichle der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 82, 97- 3i°- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 708. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aersfe aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 674 (article by Pagel). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 655, 688. Weis, Das Gelehrte Sachsen, Leipzig, 1780. Klabe, Neuestes Gelehrtes Dresden, Leipzig, 1796. Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller , 1797, iv. p. 417. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 688 note f ; 1799, iii. pp. 318, 615, 722, 797 note d, 800, 802, 820, 851, 903. Reuss, Repertorium Coinmentationum, 1803, iii. (C 'hernia et Res Metallica), p. 174. LE PELLETIER JEAN). La Pyrotecnie de Starkey, 1706. See STARKEY (GEORGE). LESSER (FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN). Friedrich Christian Lefsers, der Kirchen zu S. Jacob und Martin in der Kayserl. freyen Reichs-Stadt Nordhausen Pastoris des Minister! i daselbst, der Kayserl. Academic der Naturforscher, der Konigl. Preufs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, und der Konigl. Grosbrittannis. teutschen Gesellschaft zu Gottingen Mitgliedes, Lithotheologie, das ist : Natiirliche Historic und Geistliche Betrachtung derer Steine, also abgefafst, dafs daraus die Allmacht, Weifsheit, Giite und Gerechtigkeit des grossen Schopffers gezeuget wird, Anbey viel Spriiche der Heiligen Schrifft erklahret, und die Menschen allesamt zur Bewunderung, Lobe und Dienste des grossen Gottes ermuntert werden. Neu-verbesserte Auflage. Hamburg, bey Christian Wilhelm Brandt. 1751. 8°. Pp. xlviii. 1488. Register [64]. 3 folding tables. 10 engraved plates, one of which is of the Prague medal. Wo< Lesser was born at Nordhausen, 29 May, 1692, acted as tutor in Berlin, pastor of the church ' nd montem Marias Virginis ' and administrator of the Orphanage at Nordhausen, and died there 17 Sept., 1754. He was devoted to natural history, and besides the present work (ist ed. Hamburg, 1736) he wrote others of a similar character on the [64]. 3 folding Voodcut. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliolhecce vietallicce, 1732, p. 91. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historia, Halae, 1755, p. 503, No. 452. Joh. Philip Friedr. Lesser, Nachricht von dem Leben und Schrifften Herrn Friedrich Christian Lesser, Nordhausen, 1755, 4°, pp. 64. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 368. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 280. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. p. 172. sun, insects, and one called Testaceotheologie. He wrote a description of a visit he paid that remarkable place at Rubeland, in the Harz : Bau- maiin's Huhle, Nordhausen, 1734, 4th ed. 1745. He was a member of the Leopoldine Academy, and the Berlin Academy. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1683 (and refer- ences). Biographie Universe lie, 1819, .xxiv. p. 301 ; no date, xxiv. p. 317. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 23. Nouvelle Biographie Giln^rale, 1862, xxx. col. 966. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1436. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 236 ; ii. p. 196. LETTER-LEUTMANN 29 LETTER. A strange Letter concerning an adept. See FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick. LETTER (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes, containing six principal Keys of the Secret Philosophy. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * .] See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116. LETTRE aux Vrais disciples d'Hermes contenant six principales Clefs de la Philosophic Secrete. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * , i.e. Sanctus Desiderius, or Limojon de Saint Disdier (y.v.)]. See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, 1699, p. 121. LETTRE d'un Philosophe sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre. See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), l688. LETTRE Philosophique. See PHILOVITA. LETZTES Testament eines Vaters seinem liebsten Sohne hinterlassen. See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705, Alipuli : Centrum Natures Concentralum, p. 68. LEURSEN (JOHANN GERHARD). Chymischen Schauplatzes Vortrab, das ist : Griindliche Anleitung zu der waren Chymie, worinnen begriffen der Animalien, Vegetabilien, Mineralien und Metallen Ursprung und Kraffte, Wachfsthumb und Verwandlung, aus selbst eigner Erfahrung mit unumbstofslichen Griinden bewiesen und erklaret, durch Johann Gerhard Leursen. Sap. c. 12. v. r. Und dein unverganglicher Geist ist in Allen. Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Jacob Gottfried Seyler, Minden, druckts Johann Piler, M.DC.LXXXI. 4°. Pp. 39 [i blank], Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes an edition: Franckfurt, 1708, 8°, which is copied by Gmelin. Neither of them takes any notice of an earlier edition. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. 321. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203. [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] LEUTMANN (JOHANN GEORG). Vulcanus Famulans oder sonderbahre Feuer-Nutzung welche durch gute Ein- richtung der Stuben-Ofen Gamine Brau- und Saltz-Pfannen Schmeltz Destillier Treib- und anderer Ofen LE UTMANN—LE WIS LEUTMANN QOHANN GEORG). Continued. kan erlanget, und auf solche Art mit wenigem Holtze starcke Warme und grosse Hitze gemachet auch das Rauchen in Stuben verhindert werden. Andere Edition iiber die Helffte vermehret und mit raren Experiments erklaret von M. Joh. Georg Leutmann, P. D. Wittenberg Bey Gottfried Zimmermann. 1723. 8°. Pp. [title, 2 blank, 5, i blank] 154, [4] ; title red and black. Table at p. 35, 38 plates, two being numbered 30, and plates lettered A — R. Wants the frontispiece? Other editions mentioned are : Wittenberg, 1735, 8° ; fifth edition, Wittenberg & Zerbst, 1764, 8°. Leutmann was born at Wittenberg, 30 Nov., 1667, studied theology there, but was also devoted to mathematics and mechanical science. In 1694 he was pastor at Dabrun, but in 1725 was made professor of mechanics and optics in the new Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, and in 1733 went to Moscow in connection with the mint. He was distinguished by his mechanical and optical inventions ; the polishing of glass, an Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrf en-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2412 ; Rotermund, Fortsetsung, iSio, iii. col. 1732. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chtmie, 1798, ii. pp. 449, 579- assay-balance without a tongue, clocks, fire- engines, and pumps ( ' three necessities of a town,' as he called them), instruments for investigating the air, for taking specific gravities, thermometers, etc., etc. His books were published at Wittenberg, Halle, Danzig, and his papers appeared in the Commentationes of the St. Petersburg Academy. He died in 1736. Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1802, iii. p. 354 ; 1804, v. p. 16 ; 1805, vi. p. 910. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 236, 357. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ; 1869, ii. p. 367. LEWENHEIMB (JACOBUS SACHSIUS A). See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB). LEWIS. Experiences Physiques et Chymiques, sur plusieurs Matieres relatives au Commerce & aux Arts : Ouvrage traduit de 1'Anglois de M. Lewis, de la Societe Royale de Londres; Par M. De Puisieux. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Desaint, Libraire, rue du Foin-Saint-Jacques. M.DCC.LXVIII. Avec Approbation, & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Tome Premier, pp. xl. 400. 4 plates. Tome Second, pp. viij. 392. M.DCC.LXIX., Tome Troisieme, pp. xij. 410 [2]. Engraved plate. William Lewis was born in London in 1714, went to Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1737 and M.D. in 1745. He went into practice in 1745, first in London, afterwards at King- ston-on-Thames, and in 1745 was a^so elected to the Royal Society. He published a course of Prac- tical Chemistry, London, 1746, 8°; An experimental History of the Materia Medica, 1761 ; in German by Ziegler, 1771 ; in French, 1775 ; The New Dis- pensatory, London, 1753, Edinburgh, 1781 ; in German, 1768, again 1783-86, and 1797 ; Pharma- copoeia Edinburgensis, London, 1748 ; History of Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1772, ii. p. 426. Jerem. David Reuss, Das Gelehrte England . . . vom Jahr 1770 bis 1790, 1791, p. 241 (death 19 Jan. 1781). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 381, 382. 399, 401 note, 5S8. 696 ; 1799. »>• PP- 20, 35. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 284, 314, 344, 356. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1737. Gold, and in German by Ziegler, 1764, 8°; Com- mercium Philosophico-Technicum, 1763-66, 4 parts, 4° ; in German by Ziegler, Zurich, 1764, 8vo. There seems to be another translation by Joh. Geo. Kriinitz, Berlin, 1764, 8vo, 2 parts, and in French, 1768. He translated Caspar Neuman's chemical works in 1759, and published two papers on platinum in the Philosophical Transactions for 1754 and 1757. He was one of the founders of the Society for the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. He died 21 Jan., 1781, but others say 19 Jan. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv., p. xliv., 31 Oct., 1745. Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, 1815, ix. p. 764. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, ii. (authors), 604^. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 458. QueYard, La France httt'raire, 1833, v. p. 285. The Georgian Era, 1834,- iii. p. 484. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 451. LE WIS—LIBA VI US 3 1 LEWIS. Continued. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 368 ; den Aerste aller Zeiten utid Vblkcr, 1886, iii. p. 1869, ii. p. 361. 697. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 71, Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 1888 (Late Series), 223. vols. iii. and iv. p. 849. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischcs Hand- Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiii. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1443. p. 199 (article by W. A. J. Archbold). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- LEYTER (Die) der Philosophorum. See SCALA Philosophorum. LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). D. O. M. A. Alchemia. Andreae Libavii Med. D. Poet. Physici Rotemburg. opera e dispersis passim optimorum autorum, veterum & recentium exemplis potissimum, turn etiam prseceptis quibusdam operose collecta, adhibitisq; ratione & experientia, quanta potuit esse, methodo accurata explicata, & in integrum corpus redacta. Accesserunt tractatus nonnulli Physici Chymici, item methodice ab eodem autore explicati, quorum titulos versa pagella exhibet. Sunt etiam in Chymicis eiusdem D. Libavii epistolis, iam ante impressis, multa, huic operi lucem allatura. Cum gratia & Priuilegio Csesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti Excudebat lohannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffij, M.D.XCVII. 4°. Pp. [18] 424. Index [19]. Device and Colophon [i] 2 blank. D. O. M. A. Alchymia Andreae Libavii, recognita, emendata, et aucta, turn dogmatibus & experiments nonnullis; turn Commentario Medico Physico Chymico : qui exornatus est variis Instrumentorum Chymicorum picturis ; partim aliunde translatis, partim plane nouis : In gratiam eoruin, qui Arcanorum Naturalium cupidi, ea absq; inuolucris elementarium & aenigmati- carum sordium, intueri gaudent. Praemissa Defensione Artis: opposita censurae Parisianae : Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Caesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti, Excudebat Joannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffii. Anno ClD.lD.VI. Folio. Pp. [20] 196. Index [12]. F.ngraved border to the title. D. O. M. A. Commentariorum Alchymioe Andreae Libavii Med. D. Pars Prima, Sex Libris declarata : Continens explicationeni operationum chymicarum priore artis libro comprehensarum, adiectis fornacum et aliorum vasorum figuris, partim ex im- pressis antehac autoribus, partim aliunde acceptis, & ex latibulis officinarum productis. Pnemissa est Defensio Alchemia; et refutatio obiectionum ex Censura scholae Parisiensis, quae licet videri nolit hanc Alchemiam, sed Quercetani damnasse, nimis tamen frigide de arte sentit, eaq; proponit, qu?e in ludibrium & ignominiam artis simpliciter possunt conuerti, nee sonant aliter : Pag. 15. Antiturq. Alchymite h!c caussa agitur von Quercitani Cum gratia & priuilegio Cresarco speciali ad decennium. Francofurti. ad Moenum Excudebat Joannes Saurius impensis Petri Kopffij. Folio. Pp. [10] 402. Numerous woodcuts of apparatus. . . . Pars Secunda, continens tractatus quosdam singulares ad illustrationem eoruin potissimum, quae libro Alchemiae secundo habentur difficiliora laboriosioraq'; quasq"; plurium simul artium adminiculo indigent, & veluti ex multis constituta, peculiarium scientiarum dignitatem & nomen merentur. Cum Gratia et Privilegio Speciali. Francofurti. Typis loannis Sanrii, Impensis Petn Kopffii. Anno M.DC.Y1. Folio. Pp. 192. Index [10, 2 blank]. LIB A VIUS LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued. D. O. M. A. Alchymistische Practic : Das ist, von kiinstlicher Zubereytung der vornembsten Chymischen Medicinen : In zweyen Tractatlein klarlich entdecket : Deren das Erste, von destillirten Wassern, Ohlen, Saltzen, Extracten, quintis essentiis, aquis vitae, floribus, balsamis, &c. Aufs den vegetabilibus animalibus vnd mineralibus : zu allerley Innerlichen vnd Eusserlichen Artzneyen recht vnd griindtlich zubereyten : von einem vnbekandten Artisten, aufs eigner Erfahrung, bester form, auffs fleissigst vnd trewlichst beschrieben : Das Ander, vom Lapide Philosophorum : Wie derselbe kiinstlich soil gemacht warden : ohn figiirliche vnd Parabolische reden, eigentlich vnnd deutlich also gelehret, dafs dergleichen zuvor wissentlich niemals im Truck gesehen worden. Alle beyde, nach vermogen, vnd verleihung Gottlicher Gnadt, corrigiert, vnnd erklaret, durch Andream Libavium von Hall in Sachsen, Medicum vnd Statt Physicum zu Rotenburg auff der Tauber. Mit Romischer Kayserlicher Mayest. Priuilegien auff sechs Jahr nicht nachzu- trucken begnadet. Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey Johann Saurn, In verlegung Petri Kopffen. M.DC.III. 4°. Pp. 293 [3]. Title red and black. Woodcuts in the text. D. O. M. A. Commentationum Metallicarum Libri Quatuor de Natura Metallorum, Mercuric Philosophorum, Azotho, et Lapide seu tinctura physi- corum conficienda. e Rerum Natura, Experientia, et Autorum praestantium fide Studio & labore Andreae Libavii M. D. P. et Physici Rotemburgici deprompti & expositi, more veteris philosophise cum perspicuitate euidente. Francofurti ad Moenum, In Officina Typographica lohannis Saurij, impensis Petri Kopffij. Anno M.D.XCVII. 4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 392. [Another Copy.] D. O. M. A. Exercitationis Casimirianae Loco Trium Qusestionum Scitu Jucundarum Explicatio. I. De medicamine Tyriorum, quo a Diodoro Siculo scribuntur in murum intortos ab Alexandro M. lapides mollivisse ne nocerent. II. De auro in homine nato ex historia pueri cujusdam Silesij ante annos 21 : certantibus inter se Martino Rulando, & Joh. Ingolstetero, ante sexennium denuo argumentis propugnante Osvvaldo Crollio, Medicis Chimicis. III. De ventriculorum lapides, arenas, ossa, aurum, argentum, & alia con- coquentium virtute ex historijs miris. De quibus inter Gymnasij Studiosos Disputatio publica erit 16. lanuarii Anno currente 1615. Coburgi Praeside Andrea Libavio M.D.P.L. Gymnasij Directore & Prof. Pub. Respondente Primislao Altersbergero Pragensi Philosophiae Bacc. & Studioso in Casimiriano publ. Ibidemq; ex Officina Typographica Casparis Bertschij. Anno 1615. 4°. Pp. [20]. Rerum Chymicarum Epistolica Forma ad Philosophos et Medicos quosdam in Germania excellentes descriptarum Liber primus, in quo turn rerum LIB A VIUS 33 LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued. quarundam naturalium continentur explicationes ingeniosae ; turn Chymiae disciplina pyronomica, sceuastica & vocabularia cum quibusdam inter arcana habitis declarantur fideliter. Autore Andrea Libavio Med. D. Poeta & Physico Rotemburgo tuberano OVK avev 6cov KOL vare 595- Christ. Ehrenf. Weigel, Einleitung zur Allge- meinen Scheidekunst, 1788, i. p. 131. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 345- 51. 353. 35.6, 361- 364. 557, 592 ; 1798, ii. p. 766. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 28. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 147. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 90-92. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 37. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. p. 550 ; iv. pp. 89, 549, 553. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 174. Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 348. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 29 '> 1869, ii. p. 26. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 112, &c. 1 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 278, 281, 289, 316; 1849, ii. p. 174. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. p. 381. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apolheker, 1855, pp. 453, &c. Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes , 1856, p. 70. J. Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoien der Universitat Jena von 1588 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, p. 172. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1449. Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 581. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. p. 145. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 19, 21, 45, 87, 99, 216, 231, 249. LIBELLUS duodecim aquarum ex libro Emanuelis. See EMANUEL. LIB ELLUS— LIGHT 35 LIBELLUS Minera philosophorum, dictus. See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349. LIBELLUS, sive restrictus theoricus, Radius ab Umbra vocatus cum brevi dialogo. See GIN.*CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 368. LIBELLUS qui Testamentum inscribitur. See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova. LIBER, cujus nomen Alze. See ALZE. LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis. See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS), 1630. See also LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, . . . LIBER de Magni Lapidis Compositione et Operatione, Authore adhuc Incerto. See LAPIS Philosophorum. LIBER Mutus Alchemiae mysteria . . . aperiens. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. ad finem. LIBER Praxeos Alchemicae cum additionibus Libavii. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 700. LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, & principiis Artis Chemicae. See also LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis. See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 517. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, Hi. p. 1 5 1. LIBER Secreti maximi totius mundanae Gloriae. See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 25. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 774. See PHILOSOPHUS CALLUS anonymus. LIBER Secretorum. See KALID. LIBER de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum explicatione. See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 369 LIBER Trium Verborum. See KALID. LIBERIUS Benedictus. See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS). Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 608. LIBORIUS AB INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS). See INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB). LIGHT. Das aus der Finsternis von sich selbst hervorbrechende Licht. See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO). LIGHT— LI EB A UT LIGHT. Continued. Licht der Weltweisen. See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 126. Called also Licht aller Philosophorum, or Luminare or Lumen Luminum. Das hellscheinende Licht in Finsterniss. See LUX in tenebris lucens. For Alchemical books referring to ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 385. Liecht (Vom) der Natur. See LUMINE (De) Naturae. See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractatlein. LIEBAUT QEAN). Quatre Livres des Secrets de Medecine, et de la Philosophic Chymique. Fails Francois par M. lean Liebaut Dijonnois, Docteur Medecin a Paris. Esquesls sont descrits plusieurs remedes singuliers pour toutes maladies tant interieures qu'exterieures du corps humain : traittees bien amplement les manieres de distiller eaux, huyles, & quinte-essences de toute sorte de matieres, preparer rantimoine & la poudre de mercure, faire les extractions, les sels artificiels, & 1'or potable. Derniere Edition. A Rouen, Chez Pierre Calles, Libraire : rue aux luifs, pres la grand' porte du Palais. M.VI.C. 8°. Pp. [8] 352. Table [6, 2 blank]. Vignette and 52 woodcuts in the text. This is a translation of the second part of 3esner's De Secretis Remediis Liber, edited by Caspar Wolfius, and printed by Froschover, in 1569. (See GESNER (CONRAD).) Various editions of the translation appeared, Lyons, 1593 ; Rouen, 1628, 1643; Paris, s.a., and Gmelin quotes one, Rouen, 1616, 8°. The book was translated into English by George Baker, under the title : The Newe Jewell of Health, London, 1576, 4°, in black letter with woodcuts. It was reissued with the title: The Practise of the new and old Phisicke, London, 1599, 4°. In the article on Baker in the Dictionary of National Biography, it is not noticed that this is the second part of Gesner's work. Liebaut wrote also Trois Livres de I'embelissemetit et orncment du corps humain, Paris, 1582, 8°, now rare ; Lyons, IS95. I2°- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 26. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 627. Conring, In Universam artem medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, pp. 109, 123. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, Amster- dam, 1730, iii. p. 114. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731 , II. i. p. 79. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 476. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 209. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2425 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, ii. col. 1783- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 274. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 228. Liebaut, or Lie'bault, was a native of Dijon, born in the earlier part of the sixteenth century, prac- tised medicine in Paris, and wrote some medical and other books. L' Agriculture et maison rustique de Charles Etienne et de Jean Liebaut, Paris, 1574, 4° ; en- larged, Paris, 1586, 4° ; other "editions : Rouen, 1602, 1625, 1637, 1658 ; Paris, 1640, 4° ; Italian, by Hercules Cato Ferrarius, Venet. 1581, 4° ; German, by Melchior Sebitz, Argent. 1592, fol. ; Amstelod. 1593, fol., Argent. 1607, Amst. 1622, fol. ; English, by Richard Surflet, London, 1606, 4° ; Dutch, Amster. 1588, fol. Beschreibung des edlen Krauts Nicotiana, 1643, 4°. In 1594 he signed the Act by which the University of Paris acknowledged Henry IV. to be their king. He died at Paris, 21 June, 1596. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1777, ii. p. 192. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 73. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, ii. pp. 308, 567- Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 461 ; no date, xxiv. p. 505. Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820- 25). vi. p. 44. Nouvelle Biographie Gdnirale, 1862, xxxi. col. 172. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' in the Transactions of the Archceological Society oj Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 188, 194. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, iii. p. 7. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Z.eiten nnd Volker, 1886, iii. p. 7°3- LIEBHABER 37 LIEBHABER der Cabalistisch-Gottlichen Magie. See GEDANCKEN, 1754. LIEBHABER der Chymie. See KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH), Aurese Catenae Homeri Dritter Theil, 1726. See WUNDER-DREY, 1737. See GEHEIMNISS vom dem Leben und Vermehrung aller Dinge, 1748. LIEBHABER der Chymischen Grund-Mischung. See KURZE Bericht von den Metallischen Glafsern, 1767. LIEBHABER der curieusen Wissenschaften . . . See CURIEUSE GEDANCKEN, 1702. See CURIEUSE UNTERSUCHUNG, 1703. LIEBHABER der geheimen Physik. See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773. LIEBHABER gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735. See MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele, 1744. LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kunst. See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS). LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kiinste. See RARE PHYSICALISCHE und andere Fragen. LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Philosophy. See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), 1665. LIEBHABER der Koniglichen Kunst Chymiae. See MYSTERIUM Occultae Naturae, 1657. LIEBHABER der Naturlehre. See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Chymia hydraulica, 1755. LIEBHABER natiirlicher Wahrheiten. See VERNUNFTIGE Erklarung der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760. LIEBHABER naturlicher Wissenschafft. See GEHEIME Unterredungen, 1722. LIEBHABER seines Nachstens. See SCHREIBEN an den Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie, 1770. LIEBHABER in Philadelphia. See GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS, 1776. 38 LIEBHABER— LIGNUM LIEBHABER der Philosophic. See KONIG (Der sich . . . zeigende), 1711. LIEBHABER Philosophischer Geheimnisse. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften. See GLAUBERUS Concentratus, 1715. LIEBHABER der Philosophischen Kunsten. See K. (G. A.). LIEBHABER der reinen Wahrheit. See KONIGLICHE . . . Special-Concordenz, 1723. LIEBHABER und Schiiler der geheimen Weisheit. See THEORETISCH praktisches Handbuch der hohern Chemie, 1784. LIEBHABER des Theophrasti Paracelsi. See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS). LIEBHABER verborgener Kiinste. See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705. LIEBHABER und Verehrer der wahren Weisheit. See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein The introduction is so signed. LIEBHABER der wahren Weifsheit. See GULDENE (Die) Hoffnung, 1721. LIEBHABER der Wahrheit. See SCHMIDT (j. G.), 1706. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 289. See EROFNETES Philosophisches Vater-Herz, 1750. See UNWANDELBARE (Die) und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher, 1760. LIEBHABER der Weisheit. See ARTREMONT (H. D'), Eroffnetes Grab der Armuth, 1702. See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747. LIECHT der Natur. See LIGHT. LIGHT of Alchymy. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy. See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, 1674. LIGNUM Vitse. See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). L1LWM—LIMOJON 39 LILIUM inter Spinas. See JOHANNES de Padua. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 323. See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, P- 67. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 596. . See PHILOSOPHIA Salomonis, 1753, p. 59. Borrichius' estimate of this tract is not quite does not connect it with Grasshoff, who was favourable : Lilium inter Spinas, vere spinosum apparently the author. For the ' lily ' in connection opus est, &, ut paucis multa, tenebricosum ; but he with alchemy, see Kopp. Borrichius, Conspectus Serif torum Chemicorum, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 351. 1697, p. 25, No. xxxv. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. LILIUM de Spinis evulsum. See TECENENSIS (GUILHELMUS). According to Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378) this tract was believed by some to be due to Albertus Magnus. LILLY (WILLIAM). See BURMAN (CHARLES), The Lives of ... Elias Ashmole, . . . and . . . William Lilly, 1774. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Elias Ashmole, Esq. Published from the Original col. 2439. MS., London, 1715, London, 1822, 8°, pp. [4Ji.-v. Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 277. [6-7] 8-260, 12 portraits. (This is the same as that Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, contained in the above.) 1815, xx. p. 266. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxi. sub voce. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1462. William Lilly's History of his Life and Times Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxii. from the year 1602 to 1681. Written by himself in p. 258. the sixty-sixth year of his age, to his worthy friend, LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). Lettre d'un Philosophe, sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre. Ecrite au sujet des Instructions qu'Aristee a (sic) laissdes a son Fils, touchant le Magistere Philosophique. Le Nom de 1'Auteur est en Latin dans cet Anagramme- Dives Sicut Ardens, S. A Paris, Chez Laurent d'Houry, rue S. lacques, devant la Fontaine S. Severin, au S. Esprit. M.DC.LXXXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. 61 [i blank]. Verba Aristei Patris ad filium, p. 42, in Latin and French. La Lumiere des Mercures, Extraite de Raymond Lulle, pp. 9 [i]. L« Chemin du Ciel Chymique, Par Jacques Toll, pp. 31 [i blank]. Sendschreiben eines Adepten iiber das Geheimnis der grossen Kunst. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 95. CLIII. Aphorismes Chimiques. See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). Letter (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes. See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116. Lettre aux vrays Disciples d'Hermes. See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, p. 121 ; 1699, p. 121. Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiller Hermetis. See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 195 ; 1765, p. 195. Limojon was born about 1630 at Avignon of a of many important matters. He accompanied the noble family belonging to Dauphin^. He was count to the Congress of Nimwegen in 1678, of ecuyer of Jean-Antoine de Mesme, Count d'Avaux, which he published an account at Paris, 1680, 12° ; and he acquired his confidence and esteem to such to Holland, 1684, when the count was ambassador, an extent that he was entrusted with the execution and again when he was ambassador from Louis 40 L1MOJON— LINDERN LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). Continued. XIV. to James II. in Ireland in 1689. Limojon, esteemed at a time when chemistry was in its who was commissioned by the count to describe to infancy, has become rare ; but one need not much the French King the state of affairs in Ireland, regret it," says H. Audiffret. perished on the return journey. He was Knight of The anagram on the title of the above book, and Mount-Carmel, and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. at the end of his Letter to the true disciples of Besides the above he wrote a book on the city and Hermes, corresponds exactly with Sanctus Desi- republic of Venice, Amsterdam, Elzevir, 1680; Paris, derius. It is also put as equivalent to Dydacus 1685 ; La Haye, 1683, And La Triomphe hermttique. Senertus, but it is not exact. " This little work of 153 pages, curious and much Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, xxxi. col. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 315. 241. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 502 ; no Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences date, xxiv. p. 543 (article by Audiffret). Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1148-1154. LINDEN (DIEDERICH WESSEL). Griindliche Chemische Anmerkungen iiber Herrn D. Schiittens Physicalische Nachricht vom Ursprunge der mineralischen Wasser und den Bestand-Theilen in dem Clevischen Sauer-Brunnen-Wasser ; wie auch iiber des Herrn von Welling Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum, und was von dessen Verbesserung der Metalle zu halten sey. Diesen sind beygefugt niitzliche medicinische Nach- richten von der Kraft der Mistel gegen die Epilepsie; und von einer neuen Art den tollen Hunds-Bifs zu heilen. Verfasset, aus dem Englischen iibersetzt und erleutert von Diederich Wessel Linden. Amsterdam und Leipzig, In Verlegung Peter Mortier, 1746. 8°. Pp. [16] 260. Index [12], Title red and black. Engraved plate. The present treatise is only one of several which origin of chalybeate waters and natural hot Baths, the author wrote upon mineral waters, a subject to London, 1748, 1755 ; Medicinal Mineral Waters at which he seems to have devoted himself. He Llanrindod in Radnorshire, London, 1756 ; and wrote tracts on Shadwell Spavv, London, 1749 ; Three letters on Mining, London, 1750. Hyde Spaw at Cheltenham, 1751 ; Treatise on the LINDERN (FRANCISCUS BALTHASAR VON). Speculum Veneris oder Venus-Spiegel worinnen sich ein jeder besehen, und was fur abscheuliche Zufalle von einer unreinen Liebe sich aussern, wahr- nehmen, auch im Fall der Noth, in Ermanglung eines habilen Medici oder Chirurgi, sich selbsten Rath schafTen kan. Nebst einigen merckwiirdigen Begebenheiten und einem Unterricht einiger approbirten Specificorum durch vielfaltige Erfahrung an das Licht gestellet von Francisco Balthasare von Lindern, Medic. Doctor. & Practice. Vierte neuvermehrte Auflage. Strafsburg, Verlegts Johannes Beck, Anno M DCC LI. 8°. Pp. [8] 64 [14] 617 [31]. Title red and black. Frontispiece extra and plate of instruments. This book passed through several editions. It does not relate to chemistry. Franciscus Balthasar Linder, or von Lindern, a new edition of which appeared in 1747, under the was born at Buchsweiler in Elsass, i March, 1682, name : Hortus Alsaticus. studied medicine at Jena under Wedel, graduated He also published some medical works, and at Strasburg and practised medicine there, where Haller quotes : Unterricht von alien Gebeinen des he died 25 April, 1755. He cultivated botany and menschlichen Korpers und von der Art zu balsam- wrote a work entitled Tournefortiusalsaticus, 1728, iren und ohne Drahte ein Sceleton zu praepariren, Argent., 1710, 12°; Augspurg, 1736, 12°. Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litterariam Biographie Mitdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Anatomes, 1738, p. 465 (his work on Osteology). 25), vi. p. 53. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 223. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 189. genden Aerzte aller 7-eifen und Volker, 1886, iii. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 73. p. 716. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 511 ; no . date, xxiv. p. 554. LINSIUS—LIVRE 41 LINSIUS (PAULUS). Occultus Aeris Cibus juxta mentem Hermeticorum quorundam expositus, & Deo T. O. M. Adjuvante in illustri Salana Permissu Amplissimae Facultatis Philosophic*, sub Prsesidio M. Pauli Linsii, Fac. Phil. Witt. Adj. Liberalioris Exercitii Gratia Examini publico submissus a Resp. Aut. Johanne Justo Biickingio, Alsfeld. Hasso. Ad diem 20. Martii. Jenae, Typis Johannis Nisi. Anno M.DC.LXXV. 4°. A in four, B in two ; or pp. [12]. Linsius wrote another dissertation, De Corallis, tomica, but, as that work was printed in 1774, it is printed at Jena this same year, 1675, 4°. Haller not obvious how the anomalous dates are to be quotes the present tract in his Bibliotheca Ana- reconciled. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 578. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 625. LINTHAUT (HENRI DE). Commentaire de Henri de Linthaut, Sieur de Mont-Lion, Docteur en Medecine : Sur le Tresor des Tresors de Christofle de Gamon, Reveu & augment^ par 1'Auteur. A Lyon, Par Claude Morillon, Imprimeur de Madame la Duchesse de Montpensier. 1610. Avec Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. [8] 177 [3]. Title red and black. Wormed. Borel quotes the above, and another edition in the first. I have not found any notice either of de 16°, without Linthaut's Commentary, presumably Gamon or of Linthaut. Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 101. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 209. LIVES (The) of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, with a Critical Catalogue of the Books m this Science, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Lackington, Allen & Co. 1814. 8°, in fours, pp. 384. Index [2]. Engraved plate. This copy has also inserted the title-page subsequently printed, viz. : The Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers ; with a Critical Catalogue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Printed by Macdonald and Son, Cloth Fair, for Lackington, Allen, & Co., Finsbury Square. 1815. The name of the author is nowhere given, but mentioned, but the execution of it is as bad as bad the book is ascribed to Francis Barrett, the author can be. of The Magus, as by Watt (Bibliotheca Britannica}, The book, edited by Arthur Edward Waite, was and in the Catalogues of the British Museum and reissued at London, by Redway, in 1888. The Advocates' Library. It is a poor production ; the alchemical treatises have been omitted, a number biographies are superficial and superstitious ; the of additional lives have been inserted and the others extracts from the hermetic treatises are by no have been enlarged and generally re-written on the means lucid, and the 'critical catalogue' (pp. 95- basis of the 1815 edition. The catalogue, pp. 276- 112) is about the worst and least critical compilation 306, has had a number of new titles incorporated of the kind extant. It does contain, however, with it, but it has not been revised and corrected, a great number of titles and some rare books are and the additions are drawn up pretty much in the same way as the original entries. Watt, Bibliolheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), mous and Pseudonymous Literature oj Great 77 s. Britain, 1883, ii. p. 1500 (ascribed to Francis Halkett & Laing, A Dictionary of the Anony- Barrett). LIVES (The) of ... Elias Ashmole, ... and Mr. William Lilly. 1774. See BURMAN (CHARLES). See ASHMOLE (ELIAS). See LILLY (WILLIAM). LIVRE de la Nature. See D * * * 42 LOBGESANG—LOHNEYSS LOBGESANG (Ein) von der Gottlichen Weifsheit. See HERMETISCHE (Der) Nord-Stern, 1771, p. 127. LOCQUES (NICOLAS DE). Les Rudimens de la Philosophic Naturelle touchant le Systeme du Corps Mixte. Cours Theorique, ou sont clairement expliquez les Preceptes & les Principes de la Chymie, qui ont este jusques icy cachez des anciens Philosophes. Par Nicolas de Locques, Medecin Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste. Livre Premier. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue Saint Jacques, a la ville de Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 88. Pp. [22] 184 [8]. Frontispiece. In the 8 pp. at the end are chemical characters and apparatus. Les Rudimens . . . Cours Pratique. Ou il est traite" des operations suivant la Doctrine de Paracelse ; qui n'ont pas jusqu'icy este" connues, que de fort peu de personnes : Compos6 par Nicolas de Locques, . . . Livre Second. A Paris, . . . Pp. [16] 214 [a]. Les Rudimens . . . De la Fermentation, Ou on void ce qui se passe interieurement dans les mouvemens divers des substances. Avec le Traitte' du Sang & les proposi- tions de la Chymie Resolutive. . . . Traite Second. . . . Pp. [16] 146 [2 blank]. Les Vertus Magnetiques du Sang, De son vsage interne & externe. Pour la guarison des maladies. Par Nicolas de Locques D. Medecin Spagyrique. A Paris, de I'lmprimerie de lacques le Gentil rue des Noyers. Et se vend chez 1'Autheur, rue des Mauvais-Gar9ons, a 1'Image Saint Martin. M.DC.LXIV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [16] 54 [a]. Propositions touchant la Physique Resolutive. Par Nicolas de Locques, Medecin Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste'. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques, a la ville de Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy, 8*. Pp. 39 [i blank]. Elemens Philosophiques des Arcanes et du Dissolvant General, de leurs Vertus, Proprietez, et Effets. Ou sont ponctuellement explique"es en general leurs secrettes compositions, & les experiences qui en ont este' faites ; 1'ordre & la maniere de s'en servir pour les usages de la Medecine. Par N. de Locques, D. Medecin Spargyrique (sic) du Roy. Livre sixi^me. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques a la Ville de Rome. M.DC.LXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [19, i blank] 87 for 89 [i blank]. In a brief notice ot Nicolas de Locques in the great number of positive facts, which are both Biographic Universelle, Tabaraud says that the curious and interesting. This collection is said to Rudimens is an extremely rare work in which are belong both to Nicolas de Locques, who was then to be found good observations alongside of alchemi- spagiric physician of the king, and to Lebreton, cal reveries. After the author's death a work was physician of the faculty of Paris. There is a copy in circulation which was never printed, but of of the above book in the British Museum (1034. i. 3 which a few copies exist. It consists of a series of (1-3) ), but the author is called Nicolas de Lo9ques. experiments, chiefly on zinc, and almost all from In one place Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Jean, in the alchemical point of view. There is however a another Nicolas. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophie Biographie Universellt, 1819, xxiv. p. 616 ; no Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 482 ; iii. pp. 5, 209. date, xxv. p. 15. LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). Georg Engelhard von Lohneyfs, Erbherrn in Remlingen und Neuendorff, weyland Fiirstl. Braunschweigischen geheimbten Berg-Raht und Stallmeister zu Wolffenbiittel, Griindlicher und aufsfuhrlicher Bericht von Bergwercken, wie man dieselbigen niitzlich und fruchtbarlich bauen, in gliickliches Auffneh- men bringen, und in guten Wolstand bestandig erhalten ; Insonderheit die Ertze und Metallen, als Gold, Silber, Kupffer, Zien, Bley, Wifsmuht, Spiefsglafs, LOHNE YSS—LOEN 43 LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). Continued. Stahl-Stein, Magneten und Eisen-Stein, ein jedes nach seiner rechten Natur, Art und Eigenschafft auffs niitzlichste bearbeiten, rosten, waschen, puchen, seigern, auff mancherley Weise in kleinem Feuer probiren, cimentiren, und scheiden, auch im grossen Feuer ohne Abgang schmeltzen und zu Nutze machen soil. Nebenst vielen kiinstlichen Abbildungen allerhand darzu nothigen Ofen und Werckzeuge; wie auch vortheyliche Anweisung vom Schwefel machen, Vitriol, Alaun, Salpeter und Saltzsieden. Sampt beygefiigter niitzlicher Berg-Ordnung, und Bericht von der Bergleute Verrichtung und Freyheiten. Allen denen, so Bergwercke bauen, und dabey dnteressirt sind, zu Dienst Gefallen auffs neue wiederumb an den Tag gegeben. Stockholm und Hamburg, In Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeits Buchhandlers. Gedruckt in Leipzig bey Christopff Gunthern, Im Jahr Christi 1690. Folio. Pp. [21, i blank] 343 [i blank]. Engraved title extra and n plates. Sheets K and L are numbered partly by pages partly by leaves. Sheet Ss by leaves. This work deals with mining, metallurgy and assaying, and reminds one of Lazarus Ercker's book. It was published also at Zellerfeld, 1717, fol. In the 'Zugabe' to the Bifolium metallicum, 1771, p. no, ab Indagine quotes von Lohneyss' account of the making of zinc at Goslar in the Harz. Loeneiss or Loehneys or Lohneyss was a nobleman of the Palatinate, ' Stallmeister ' at the court of the Elector Augustus of Saxony, an experienced courtier and statesman, entered in 1583 the service of the hereditary prince Heinrich Julius of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel and became Berghauptmann. In the Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 545 ; 1710, v. p. 269. {Reimmann (iii. p. 545) calls the miner- alogist 'Christopher,' but the politician (v. p. 269), 'Georg Engelhard.' The mineralogist and poli- tician are identified in the British Museum Cata- logue.) Jacob Leupolds Prodromuf Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, p. 94. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 403 ((ii. 2. 2. 29. §4), calls him Christopher). LOEN (S. E. VON). Geheimnifs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 137. The date of the first edition of this book is not recorded, but Fictuld quotes an edition of 1733, which according to the entry by Ladrague is the second : Das Geheimnufs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge, nach seinen Wundern im Reich der Natur und Gnade, Macro et Micro- cosmice, als die Schliissel : dadurch der Weeg zur Verbesserung eroffnet, . . . (von S. E. de Loen). Zweyte und mit vielen curiosen Observationibus vermehrte Auflage. Franckfurt am M., Job. Friedr. Fleischer, 1733, 'n 8° of 109 pp. The third edition, same place, publisher and size, was issued in 1759. There was also an edition, Frank- furt, 1771, 8°. One of the few persons who have noticed the book is Fictuld, who has put it in his first class, and has praised the author for his wis- Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Tn- *• P- 8a- Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 675- dukedom of Wolffenbuttel he bought the estates of Remlingen and Neundorf, and at the former place he wrote his books, designed the plates, woodcuts and initials with his own hand, and had them printed at his own press. He wrote other books : Aulico-Politica, oder Hof-, Staats- und Regier- kunst, Remlingen, 1622, fol. A new edition ap- peared at Frankfurt, 1679, fol., without the words 'Aulico-Politica.' The copies of the first edition were destroyed by a fire. Delia Cavalleria, seu de arte equitandi, 1609, fol. ; translated into German by Valentin Trichter, Nurnberg, 1729, fol. ; Griind- licher Bericht des Zaumens, 1588, fol. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheil, I736. P- 7°i- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2494 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung, 1810, iii. col. 2042. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 65. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 173. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 118. dom, but adds that he has said more than was perhaps admissible ; still he commends it strongly to the lovers of nature and grace. He states that a person called Cron, at the Court of Weimar, claimed the authorship, but when pressed to say whether he was the author or not he made no reply. Fictuld is inclined to believe that it was written by von Loen, who was the King of Prussia's ' resident ' at Frankfurt. But Fictuld s statements must always be taken for what they are worth, and in all cases they require confirmation. The editor of the Hermettsches A. B. C,, however, assigns the work to von Loen. The comment in the Btytrag is that it is ' theosophical and mystical, like most of the books of its time on the subject.' Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1456-57. 44 LOWE— LOWER LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes. Schlufs-fiihrender Erlauterungs-Anhang. See MONTE HERMETIS (jOHANN DE), Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri, 1680. See also LEO. LOWENHEIM. See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB). LOWENSTERN (JOHANN KUNCKEL VON). See KUNCKEL (JOHANN) von Lowenstern. LONDON. Pharmacopee. See PEMBERTON (H.), 1761. LOVER of the Hermetick Science. See ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 1696. LOWER (RICHARD). Englisches Artzney-Buchlein das ist : Des welt-beriihmten Englischen Medici Hrn. D. Loweri, und unterschiedlicher anderer vortrefflichen Englischen Medicorum in London, niitzliche, bewehrte und viele Jahre lang an vielen Menschen probirte und gut befundene Recepte und Artzney-Mittel, worinnen enthalten die sicherste und beste Methode, allerhand Kranckheiten, Gebrechen und Schwachheiten des menschlichen Leibes, innerlich und ausserlich zu heilen : Welche als sehr nutzlich, nicht allein alien Medicis, Chirurgis und andern der Artznez-Befliessenen, sondern auch andern Personen, absonderlich aber dem gemeinen verlassenen Mann zu sonderbahren Nutzen, im ver- wichenen Jahre in Engelland mit grossem Applausu gedruckt worden, und nunmehro wegen ihrer grossen Nutzbarkeit, aus der Englischen Sprache in unsere Hochdeutsche iibersetzt und an den Tag gegeben, von C. Ludovici, M. Leipzig, bey Johann Ludwig Gleditsch, Anno 1702. 8°. Pp. [8, portrait of Lower included] 226. Index [14]. Advertisements [8J. Title red and black. Lower was distinguished as an anatomist and Royal College of Physicians in 1675 and of the physiologist, but so far as I know, contributed Royal Society in 1667. He had a very large and nothing to chemistry. He was born at Tremeere, fashionable practice for many years, but on account near Bodmin, in Cornwall, in 1631, was educated of his politics he got out of favour and it shrank at Westminster School and went to Oxford where considerably. He died in London 17 Jan., i69°/j. he graduated in Arts and Medicine. He studied He is noted for his work on the brain, and for his chemistry in Oxford, assisted Dr. Willis, and in experiments on transfusion. 1666 went to London. He became a fellow of the Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 939. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^exicon, 1750, ii. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . , . col. 2547 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Introductio, 1687, p. 137 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; p. 183 2188. (Add. iv. 39. i). Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Alddecine, Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1755, ii. p, 130; 1778, iii. p. no. 1700, p. 302 (transfusion of blood). Biographia Britannica, 1760, v. p. 3009. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 558. 1731, II. i. p. 116. • Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1779, iii. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen pp. 164, 235. Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 494. Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 350. Goelicke, Introductio in Historian, litterariam Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Anatomes, 1738, p. 247. App. iv., p. xxv. , Ann. 1667. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- p. 490. 25), vi. p. 121. LQ WER—L UDOLF 45 LOWER (RICHARD). Continued. Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. Evelyn, Diary, 1850, ii. p. 333. col. 297. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, i. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (authors), ii. p. 495. p. 6i8y. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arsneykunde, 1827, iv. cales, 1870, 2eme SeYie, iii. p. 143. pp. 90, 91, 94, 105-106, 138, 190. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Dezeinieris, Dictionnaire historique de la HMde- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 487. p. 51. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 312, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 368. 316 ; 1849, ii. p. 195. Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiv. Pepys, Diary, 1848, iv. p. 482. p. 203 (article by Dr. J. F. Payne). LOYS (GEORG). Georgii Loysii c. v. Pervigilium Mercurii, in quo agitur de praestantissimis peregrinantis virtutibus. Et qua ratione unusquisque citra majorem diffi- cultatem exteras peragrare provincias, regiones adire exoticas, & cum cujusvis conditionis hominibus, bene & honeste conversari potest. Iterum nunc Manual! forma tertib editum. Francofurti, Impensis Christian! Kleinii. M.UCXLIV. 12°. Pp. 270 (misprint for 200) [12]. This does not treat of chemistry but of travelling. LUCENS Lux in tenebris. See LUX in tenebris lucens. LUCERNA Salis Philosophorum. See HAUTNORTHON (jOSAPHAT FRIEDRICH). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 1737, p. 94. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 38, 45. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetiqve, 1742, iii. p. 209. LUDEEN (JACOBUS). J. N. J. Jacobi Ludeen, Med: D: & Prov: Scaraburg: in W: Gothia Phys; ord: de Lithogenesia Macro- et Microcosm!, Exercitatio Physico-Medica cujus Pars Prior Generationem Lapidum in Majori mundo oftendit & petrificationis modos, Pars Posterior Generationem lapidum in omnibus corporis humani partibus ex Observationibus scriptorum idoneorum demonstrat. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Coenradum Wishoff. M DCC XIII. 12°. Pp. [8] 187 [3]. This seems to be all he wrote. There is a copy in the British Museum (977. a. 28). I have not found his name mentioned by any of the authorities. LUDOLF (HlERONYMUS). Die in der Medicin siegende Chymie bestehend in aufrichtiger Mittheilung derer in Bereitung der wichtigsten Medicamentorum mit Nutzen gebrauchter Chymischen Handgriffe. Erstes Stuck, darin gezeiget wird : I.) Eine herrliche Verbesserung der bishero iiblichen Tincturae Antimonii, dafs sie nemlich in der Extraction so roth wie ein Blut wird, welches auch mit alien andern metallischen Tincturen angehet. II.) Ein achtes Arcanum Tartari zu bereiten. III.) Wie ohne Kosten ein reines Sal Alcali Fixum in ziemlicher Menge zu verfertigen, und wie ein Balneum Marias umsonst unterhalten warden konne. 46 LUDOLF LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued. Mit einem hierzu nothigen Kupfer versehen, und alles aus gnugsamen Chymischen und Physicalischen Griinden bewiesen von Hieronymo Ludolfo, Philos. et Medic. Doct, Facult. Philos. Assess. Extr. et Profess. Publ. Itemque Practico Erford. Erfurt, zu finden im Jungnicolischen Buchladen, 1743. 4°. Pp. 38. Frontispiece included in the pagination. . . . Zweytes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird die Nothwendigkeit, Nutzen und Verfertigung des Spiritus Mercurialis, samt denen wichtigsten Vortheilen, einenachten Spiritum Vini zu erhalten ; dabey auch zugleich die nachhero in Bereitung der Tincturae Antimonii gefundene Handgriffe treulich angefiihret vverden, und die Anlegung eines hierzu bequemen Schmeltz-Ofens gewiesen wird. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1746. 4°. Pp. [8, including the frontispiece] 32. . . . Drittes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird eine Tincturam Antimonii durch den destillirten Wein-Essig zu bereiten, desgleichen auch auf eben solche Art die achten metallischen Oele zu erhalten, dieselben fliichtig und wieder fix zu niachen, nebst einem Vortheil, die Terram foliatam Tartari auf eine geschwinde und leichte Art auf das hb'chste zu reinigen, zugleich auch ein Athanor beschrieben wird, darinnen man mil einem Feuer wohl zwantzigerley und mehrere Arbeiten verrichten, und besonders auch einen bequemen Putreficir-Kasten halten kan. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen, . . . 1746. Pp. [8, including the plate] 32. . . . Viertes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird : Auf welche Art man am mehresten von der Naphtha Chymica oder Oleo vitrioli dulci bekommen konne, und Warum diese Naphtha aus dem Aqua regis das darinn aufgelosete Gold an sich nimmt ; Desgleichen auch, wie man durch das Laboratorium 3 bis 4 Zimmer heitzen konne, nebst Einer gefundenen Verbesserung des Balnei maris. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747. Pp. [8, including the plate] 32. . . . Fiinftes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird : I. ) Wie man dem Salpeter seine Ro'the oder Quintam Essentiam ausziehen, ingleichen aus demselben viele Naphtham oder oleum nitri dulce erhalten konne, und warum solche Naphtha aus dem Scheide-Wasser das darinne aufgelosete Silber in sich nimmt. II.) Wie das Saltz aus dem ungeloschten Kalk zu erhalten, und aus was fur Theilen ein Sal alcali fixum bestehe. III.) Wie man in der Haufshaltung bey einem Feuer waschen, brauen, braten kochen, backen, darren und bis 6 Zimmer heitzen konne. Nebst einer gefundenen nothigen Verbesserung meines Athanors. Mit einem nflthigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747. Pp. 40, including the plate. . . . Sechstes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget werden Die fernere Versuche von der Naphtha Vitrioli und Naphtha Nitri, ingleichen, wie das Sal metallorum aus dem Wismuth zu erhalten. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1748. Pp. [4, including the plate] 36. . . . Siebentes und letztes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird Wie die Weine iiberhaupt verbessert, insbesondere aber die schlechtere Land- ' Weine in Spanische, Italianische, Ungarische, Champagne, Burgunder, Stein- und Rhein-Weine, ohne den geringsten Zusatz, sondern in und durch sich selbsten verwan- delt werden konnen, ingleichen, wie in Obst-Landern aus Obst ein guter Wein zu erhalten, und wie solche Weine zu Verfertigung der schonsten Spirituum und Essentzen der Vegetabilien zu gebrauchen. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1749. Pp. [4, including the plate] 36. Zugabe zu der in der Medicin noch immer und immer siegenden Chymie, worin gezeiget wird : Wie eine Tinctura Antimonii in Pulver zu verwandeln ; wie die allerbeste erdhafte Mittel zu bereiten ; wie die Naphtha aus dem Kiichensalze zu verfertigen ; die rechte Zubereitung der Salium essentialium der Vegetabilien ; der Schade des Mercurii dulcis in den Franzosenkrankheiten, und endlich wie der Mercurius durch ein Laugensalz aufzulosen, und daraus so wol ein achtes Mittel fur die Franzosen, als auch ein starkes Menstruum die Metalle vollig aufzuschliessen, zu verfertigen. . . . 1750. Pp. [4] 93. Inhalt [8]. L UDOLF—L UDO VIC US 47 LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued. D. Hieron. Ludolfs, offentlichen Lehrers der Chymie und Mathematik, der philos. und medicinis. Facultat Decanus und ordentl. Beysitzers, wie auch Stadtphysicus allhier, vollstandige und griindliche Einleitung in die Chymie, darin nicht allein alle Chymische Arbeiten deutlich gezeiget und griindlich erklaret, sondern auch zu derselben Erlauterung die wichtigsten Versuche aus der Pharmacie, Metallurgie und Alchymie nebst alien Vortheilen treulich ausgefuhret worden. Mit nothigen Kupfern versehen. Mit Rom. Kays. Maj. auch Kon. Poln. und Churf. Sachs, allergnadigsten Privilegien. Erfurt 1752, im Verlage Joh. Heinr. Nonnens. 8°. Pp. [20, including frontispiece] 1104. Register [12]. 20 plates of apparatus and symbols. The frontispiece is a curious, full-length portrait of the author in his Wants Ggg i, pp. 833-4. laboratory. Ludolf, son of Hiob Ludolf, was born at Erfurt, ii Dec., 1708, attended school there and studied law in the university in 1725, and in 1728 went to Copenhagen ; in 1730 was through want obliged to take the post of a clerk with his uncle at Wetzlar, and in 1731 continued his law studies at Jena. In 1734 he held the position of a tutor to a youth at the Witgenstein Court at Berleburg, and lived there till July, 1737. While there he pursued watch- making for a year to earn a livelihood, and then his taste for medicine revived, whereupon he returned to Jena in 1737, and took up the subject, paying special attention to chemistry. On his return to Erfurt he took the degree of Master and Doctor of Medicine, soon made a large practice, and in 1740 began to lecture. In 1741 he was extraordinary Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothtca tnefallica, 1737, P- 95- Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. pp. 344, 363- 385. 47°-72. 649. 686. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 290, 293, 295, 301. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver- storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp. 384-388. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsettung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 55. LUDOVICI (C.). See LOWER (RICHARD), 1702. LUDOVICI (DANIEL). See LUDWIG (DANIEL). LUDOVICUS (JOHANN). Tractatus de Elixire Arboris Vitae, id est, Medicina mea Universali : Quae omnibus Morbis in genere, desperatissimis etiam, & qui pro incurabilibus vulgb habentur, felicissimo successu acommodari potest. Observatis duntaxat nonnullis in hoc Libro determinatis : In morborum profligationem, Ad vitam pacatiorem. Conscriptus & publici juris factus a Johanne Ludovico a Frundek, Germano, Equite, & Medicinarum Doctore, Serenissimae Electoralis Principis, &c. &c. Ducis Kuerlandise, Celsitudinis Exarchiatro & Consiliario Medico, diversa- professor of philosophy, 1745 ordinary professor of chemistry, ordinary assessor of the medical and philosophical faculties, was appointed town- physician, and then private physician of the Kur-Mainzischer Statthalter there. He was after- wards summoned to Mainz as physician of the Kurfiirst Joh. Friedr. Karl, with permission to retain the professorship, to which he returned on the death of the Kurfiirst in 1764. In 1752 he had been ennobled, and died 7 Nov., 1764. Gmelin, who in one place (ii. p. 470) calls him ' Heinr,' but in others ' Hier." correctly, refers repeatedly to his having been a teacher at Erfurt. He made several new pharmaceutical compounds, and wrote a number of books and dissertations on pharmaceutical and medical subjects. Biographic Mtdicalet Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 126. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1511. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 1870, 2eme Se"rie, iii. p. 173. L.&dra.gue,fftMiot,'i} 8° ; Russian by Kosma Florinskie, 1774, 8°, pp. 428 ; with 4 plates, 2nd part, 1775. His chief book was the dictionary, which may be regarded as the first scientific work of its class. Dictionnaire de chymie, Paris, Lacombe, 1766, 2 vols., 8° (this first edition was anonymous) ; 1776, 1778, 2 vols., 4°, or 4 vols., 8°; edited by H. Struve, Neuchatel, 1789, 5 vols., 8°. Danish, Copenhagen, 1771, 1772, 8°. German, with observations by C. W. Poerner, Leipzig, 1768, 3 parts, 8° ; second French edition, translated into German by J. G. Leonhardi, with additions and remarks, Leipzig, 1781-83, 6 vols., 8° ; and edition, Leipzig, 1788-1791, 7 vols., 8°. MA CQ UER—MA GA/JN 61 MACQUER (PIERRE-JOSEPH). Continued. English, by Keir, London, 1777, 3 vols., 8° (translated from the anonymous first French edition). Italian, by Scopoli, Pavia, 1783, i.-vi. ; 1784, vii.-ix., 8°. Scopoli's observations were incorporated by Leonhardi in his second edition, Leipzig, 1788-91 ; Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 384, 410. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 318. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 375. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 126. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782,^. 37. Histoire de la Socictf royale de Mtdecine, Paris, 1782-3, pp. 69-94. Journal de mtdecine militaire, Paris, 1784, iii. PP- 387-396- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 548- 550, 687-688 (list of his works) ; 1799, iii. pp. 30, 34, 39, &c., &c. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. pp. 100-106. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 32, 36, 72, 73, 75, 80, 89, 91, 99, 106, 123, 162, 165, 166. Vicq-d'.\zyr, Eloges Historiques, An. xiii.-i8o5, i. pp. 277-303. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 283, 293, 306, 310, 315, 363, 369, 516, &c., &c. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 325. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 83. Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxii. s.v. new edition, Leipzig, 1792, 8°, pp. 1008 ; Leipzig, 1809, 8°. Third edition, entirely revised by Dr. Jeremias Benjamin Richter, Leipzig, 1806, 1807. From 1768 to 1776 Macquer acted as editor of the section of the Journal des Savants relating to medicine and surgery, natural history, anatomy, chemistry and pharmacy, and physics. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 145. Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 76 ; n.d. xxv. p. 658 (by Cadet Gassicourt). Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp. 295-301. QueYard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 418. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• PP- 393- 394 ; 1869, ii. pp. 385-386, 530. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, '• PP- 22°* 224, &c., &c. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicak, 1855, »• p. 430. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855. P- 634- Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1863, xxxii. col. 595 (by H. Fisquet). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischts Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 7. Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1870, iii. p. 630. Barbier, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes, 1872, i. col. 959, d. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 89. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 89, 250 (Macquer's attitude towards alchemy]. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 494. MADATHANUS (HENRICUS). Aureum Seculum Redivivum. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 53- See MYNSICHT (HADRIAN A). The above is a pseudonym of Hadrian a Myn- sicht, as is said in Keren Happuch, and also in the British Museum Catalogue. Borel, however, includes only this work by Madathanus, and makes no allusion to Mynsicht at all. The book appeared in German with the title: Aureum seculum redi- vivum, das ist : die uhralte entwichene giildene Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 149. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 492. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 91. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 47 (he quotes the above from the 1677-78 edition of the Miisteum Hermeti- Zeit, 1621, 8°, and it was included in the collection by Condeesyanus or Grasshoff, Dyas Chymica Tripartita, 1625, pp. 67-87, and in Latin in the previous editions of the Musaum Hermeticum, 1625, pp. 75-99 ; and 1677-8. pp. 53-72. Konig quotes the above book but misnames the author ' Madanathus," and refers to Mynsicht. cum, and calls the author ' Madastanus ' and ' Madasthanus,' but identifies him with Mynsicht). Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 114, 117. Murr, Ober den wakren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 58. L,adra.gue,ffiMiotMgue Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1255 (entered under Mynsicht). MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie. Tubingen bey Jakob Friedrich Heerbrandt. 1784. 8°. Pp. xxxi [i] 392. Erster Band. Zwerter Band. 1787. 8°. PP- [32] 376. MA GAZIN—MAIER MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie. Continued. The two volumes contain the following tracts : Vol. I. I. Ueber die allgemeine Auflosungsmittel von D. Rud. Job. Fried. Schmid, p. i. II. Geschichte des Feuer-wassers und hollischen Feuers nebst einigen damit angestellten Versuchen von Joh. Wilh. Agricola, p. 217. III. Eine Perle den Schweinen vorgeworfen, das ist, der Stein der Weisen in seinen mathematischen Anfangen der Welt vorgelegt, p. 277. IV. Ueber allgemeine Arzneien. Vor Liebhaber philosophischer Wahrheit. Durch E. C. D. M., p. 291. V. Carl Fried. Zimmermanns Gedanken von der Uebereinstimmung, welche an etlichen Sazen aus der wahren Alchemic mit verschiedenen im Mineral- reich sich erzeigenden Umstanden zu bemerken ist. p. 355, Nebst Dessen Gedanken iiber die magische und medi- cinalische Steine, p. 386. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596. Vol. II. 1. Das Goldene Vliefs, Oder von der Moglichkeit der Verwandlung der Metalle. Von dem Prof. Creuling (sic, for Creiling), p. i. 2. Der alchemische Wegweifser, p. 177. 3. Ausziige aus denen vier Schriften : 1. Lumen de Lumine von Eug. Philaletha, p. 265. 2. Antroposophia Theomagica von eben diesem, p. 301. 3. Philosophische Brieftasche von einem Ungenannten, p. 319. 4. Wasserstein der Weifsen, p. 365. nebst noch zweien Traktatlein 1. von Johann von Mesung. 2. Via Veritatis. These last two tracts do not appear in this copy. uvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 628. MAGIA Naturalis. See GEHEIME UNTERREDUNGEN zwischen zweyen vertrauten Freunden, Magia Naturalis, 1722. von MAGISTERIO. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. MAGNI (De) lapidis compositione & operatione. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5. MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator. Quo Hermetis Discipuli, Magnfque Scrutatores Operis omnia ad suum laborem necessaria, clarissime explicata invenient. Tractatus contentos proxima indicat pagina. Genevae, Apud Samuelem De Tournes. M.DC.LXXXVIII. 12°. Pp. [2] [1-8] 9-490 [9] [i blank]. Engraved plate of apparatus, p. 302. Portrait of Hermes Trismegistus on the title-page. The tracts in this volume are as follows : Pretiosissimi Arcani Arcanorum et Philosophorum Magisterii Verissima ac Purissima Revelatio. De Transmutatione Metallorum : in qua dicta obscura Philosophorum optimfe ac clarissime deteguntur. Recens in lucem edita a quodam Philosopho Anonymo, p. i. Opus Philosophicum quod Opus lovis nuncupatur, cum aliis Operibus Particularibus De Transmuta- tione Metallorum, p. 305. Liber de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum explicatione, in quibus totum Opus Philosophicum continetur, p. 369. Reverendissimi Archipresbyteri Magistri Antonii de Abatia Epistolas Duse, Scrutatoribus Artis Chymicze mandatae, p. 421. Annotationes in duas Epistolas . . . Antonii de Abatia, p. 473. Arcanum a quodam Philosopho anonymo de- ductum, p. 483. MAHLER (JOHANN ANDREAS). See LEMERY (NICOLAS), 1709. He was Respondens for a dissertation with Fr. cum cautelis, Halae Magdeburgicae, Typis Johanni Hoffmann as Proeses: Dissertatio medica inauguralis Gruneri [1705], 4°, ff. 18. tradens praxin clinicam et compendiosam febrium, MAIER (MICHAEL). Atalanta Fugiens, hoc est, Emblemata Nova de Secretis Naturae Chymica, Accommodata partim oculis & intellectui, figuris cupro incisis, adjectisque MAIER 63 MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. sententiis, Epigram matis & notis, parti m auribus & recreationi animi plus minus 50 Fugis Musicalibus trium Vocum, quarum duae ad unam simplicem melodiam distichis canendis peraptam, correspondeant, non absq; singular! jucunditate videnda, legenda, meditanda, intelligenda, dijudicanda, canenda & audienda : Authore Michaele Majero Imperial. Consistorii Comite, Med. D. Eq. ex. &c. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus Job. Theodori de Bry, M DC XVIII. 4°. Pp. 211 [3, 2 blank]. Title within an engraved border. Portrait of Maier. 50 engraved emblematic pictures, with an ' epigramma,' each of which is set to music. For a later edition, see ' Scrutinium Chymicum,' 1687. Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Cbymisches Cabinet, derer grossen Geheimnussen der Natur, durch wohl ersonnene sinnreiche Kupfferstiche und Emblemata, auch zu mehrerer Erleuchterung und Verstand derselben, mit angehefften sehr dienlich- und geschickten Sententien und Poetischen Uberschrifften, dargestellet und ausgezieret. Welches, nach- deme es wegen vieler darinn entdeckten raren Geheimnussen und Erlauterung der Philosophischen Subtilitaten, von verschiedentlichen hocherleuchtenden und zu grossen Kiinsten sich applicirenden Liebhabern zum 6'ffteren begehret und verlanget worden ; Der Chymischen Republic und dero Liebhabern, zur Speculation, Betracht- und Untersuchung aus wohlmeinender Veneration und Liebe zum zweyten mahl in der Lateinischen Sprach ausgefertiget, vor jetzo aber zum ersten mahl in das Hochteutsche iibersetzet ist; von G. A. K. der Philosophischen Kiinsten Liebhabern. Deme beygefiiget ist, eine Application des Hohen Lied Salomonis, auff die Universal-Tinctur der Philosophorum. Franckfurt, Verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Anno 1708. 4°. Pp. [4] 153 [i blank]. 50 emblematic engravings. This is a German translation of the Scrutinium Chymicum. Examen Fucorum Pseudo-Chymicorum Detectorum et in Gratiam Veritatis Amantium succincte refutatorum. Authore Michaele Maiero, Com. Pal. Eq. Ex. Med. D. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni, sumptibus Theodori de Brij, Anno M.CDXVII. 4°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. Vignette. Lusus Serius, quo Hermes sive Mercurius Rex Mundanorum Omnium sub Homine existentium, post longam disceptationem in Concilio Octovirali habitam, homine rationali arbitro, judicatus & constitutus est. Authore Michaele Majero Com. Pal. Med. D. Horat. Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci. Oppenheimii Ex Chalcographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus Lucae Jennis Bibliop. 1616. 4°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Vignette. [Another Copy.] 64 MAIER MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. In this copy the date has been altered. It was an edition, Oppenheim 1619 ; but I doubt if one originally 1616, but the top of the 6 has been exist apart from that of 1616. scraped out and a tail has been added with a pen, There is an edition, Francofurti, 1617, 4° ; a so that it appears to be 1610. German translation : Frankfurt, 1615 (?), 8°, and This alteration from 1616 to 1619 seems to have 1625 ; an English translation by J. de la Salle : been done systematically; I have seen another Lusus Serius, or Serious Passe-time, London, 1654, copy with the date altered, and Schmieder quotes 12°, pp. [8J 139 [i blank]. Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Secretions Naturae Secretorum Scrutinium Chymicum, per oculis et intellectui accurate accommodata, figuris cupro appositissime incisa, ingeniosissima Emblemata, bisque confines, & ad rem egregie facientes sententias, doctissimaque item Epigrammata, illustratum. Opusculum ingeniis altioribus, & ad majora natis, ob momenta in eo subtilia, augusta, sancta, rara, & alioqui nimium quantum abstrusa, quam maxime expetitum, desideratum ; Iterata vice amplissimaa Reipublicse Chymicae Bono & Emolumento, non sine singulari jucunditate legendum, meditandum intelligendum, dijudicandum, depromptum. Franco- furti, Impensis Georgii Henrici Oehrlingii, Bibliopolae. Typo Johannis Philippi Andrese. M.DC.LXXXVII. 4°. Pp. [8] 150 [2 blank]. 50 symbolical engravings. This is a reprint of Atalanta Fugiens, The portrait, the omission of the music, and of the differences in this edition are the alteration of the ' Epigramma Authoris' and ' Epistola dedicatoria. ' title, the omission of the engraved title and Maier's Silentium post Clamores, hoc est, Tractatus Apologeticus, quo causae non solum clamorum seu Reuelationem Fraternitatis Germanicae de R. C. sed & Silentii, seu non redditae ad singulorum vota responsionis, vna cum malevolorum refutatione, traduntur & demonstrantur, scriptus Authore Michaele Maiero Imperialis Consistorij Comite, Eq. Ex. Phil. & Med. D. Francof. Apud Lucam lennis. M.DC.XVII 8°. Pp. 142 [2 blank]. Vignette. This was translated into German, Franckfurt, pp. 236 [4 blank]. At p. 101 begins a reprint of 1617, 8°, pp. 190 [2 blank]. The second edition Themis Avrea, with a separate title-page, 1624. of the Latin was published at Frankfurt, 1622, 8°, Symbola Aureae Mensae Duodecim Nationum. Hoc est, Hermsea seu Mercurii Festa ab Heroibus duodenis selectis, artis Chymicae vsu, sapientia & authoritate Paribus celebrata, ad Pyrgopolynicen seu Aduersarium ilium tot annis iacta- bundum, virgini Chemiae Iniuriam argumentis tam vitiosis, quam conuitiis argutis inferentem, confundendum & exarmandum, Artifices verb optime de ea meritos suo honori & famae restituendum, Vbi & artis continuatio & veritas inuicta 36. rationibus, & experientia librisque authorum plus quam trecentis demonstratur, Opus, vt Chemiae, sic omnibus aliis Antiquitatis & rerum scitu dignissimarum percupidis, vtilissimum, i2riibris explicatum & traditum, figuris cupro incisis passim adiectis, Authore Michaele Maiero Comite Imperialis Consistorii, Nobili, Exempto, Med. Doct. P.C. olim Aulico Caes. Francofurti Typis Antonij Hummij, impensis Lucse lennis. M.DC.XVII. 4°. Pp. [20] 621. Index [43], Portrait of the author, the same as in Atalanta Fugiens, 12 symbolical engravings. The title is enclosed in a border containing 12 medallion portraits of the chief alchemists of 12 Nations. Woodcut, p. 345. The MAIER 65 MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. portraits are of Hermes, Maria, Democritus, Morienus, Avicenna, Albertus, Arnoldus, Thomas Aquinas, Raymundus, Bacon, Melchior Cibinensis Ungarus, and Anonymus Sarmata, who is probably Sendivogius. (Compare the Viridarium, p. 39, where the Emblem is repeated. ) Tripus Aureus, hoc est, Tres Tractatus Chymici Selectissimi, nempe I. Basilii Valentini, Benedictini Ordinis monachi, Germani, Practica vna cum 1 2. clauibus & appendice, ex Germanico ; II. Thomse Nortoni, Angli Philosophi Crede Mihi seu Ordinale, ante annos 140. ab authore scriptum, nunc ex Anglicano manuscripto in Latinum trans- latum, phrasi cuiusque authoris vt & sententia retenta ; III. Cremeri cuiusdam Abbatis Westmonasteriensis Angli Testamentum, hactenus nondum publicatum, nunc in diuersarum nationum gratiam editi, & figuris cupro affabre incisis ornati opera & studio Michaelis Maieri Phil. & Med. D. Com. P. &c. Francofurti Ex Chalco- graphia Pauli lacobi, impensis Lucae lennis. Anno M.DC.XVIII. 4°. Pp. 196. A blank leaf between pp. 182-3 anc* a blank leaf at the end. Vignette, portrait, and 19 engravings. This collection was reprinted in the Musceum Hermeticum, 1749 (q.v.). Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali in triviis, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura. in Oceano Chymi- corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera- tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi Galleri. Sumptibus Joh. Theodori de Bry. M.DC.XVIII. 4°. Pp. 136 [misprint for 138] [2 blank]. The title is surrounded by an engraved border, with Maier's portrait in the centre at the top, a landscape at the bottom, and the gods and goddesses representing the seven metals in compartments along the sides. Seven symbolic engravings in the text. Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali in trivijs, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura in Oceano Chymi- corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera- tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Rothomagi, Sumpt. loannis Berthelin, in area Palatij. Anno M.DC.LI. 8°. Pp. 224, Engraved title included. 7 engravings. Vignette. Michaelis Meyeri, D. Viridarium Chymicum, das ist : Chymisches Lust- Gartlein, in sich begreiffend etlich und fiinffzig Philosophische Sinnenbilder, deren Beschreibung in teutsche Reimen gefasset, durch einen Liebhaber deren Wissenschafft. Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey Herman von Sand. M DC LXXXVIII. Oblong 8°. Pp. 112. Title; preface pp. 3-6; p. 7, blank; p. 8, verses; p. 9, copper plate engraving, and thereafter verses on the verso and engraving on the recto of each page. Compare Stolcius de Stolcenberg's book. II. £ 66 MAIER MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. Aenigma. See BOREL (PIERRE), Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 275. Subtilis Allegoria super Secreta Chymiae. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 701. Treuhertzige Warnungs-Vermahnung, ... an alle wahre Liebhaber der Natur- gemafsen Alchymiae transmutatoriaa. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FREDERICK), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 289. See THARSANDER, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 95. Tripus Aureus. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 373- Maier was born at Rensburg in Holstein about 1568. After graduating as doctor of medicine he lived at Rostock, then at Prague, was physician to the Emperor Rudolph II., and in 1619 to the Landgrave Moritz of Hesse ; he was also a Pfalz- graf and private secretary to the emperor. In 1620 he was at Magdeburg, where he died in 1622, in his 53rd or 54th year. He was a keen alchemist and defender of the Rosicrucians, and a voluminous writer. He had the reputation of being the most learned amongst the chemists of his time. Little account of him, however, is made by Schmieder, Kopp, and others. In addition to the above he published the follow- ing books : Arcana Arcanissima, s. 1. eta. , 4°, pp. [12] 285 [i blank, 14]. Cantilenas Intellectuals de Phcenice redivivo, Rostochii, 1622 ; Chansons . . . sur la resurrection du Phenix, Paris, 1758, 12°, pp. [8] 129 [i blank], Latin and French. Civitas Corporis Humani, Francofurti, DCXXI. (sic), 8°, pp. 216. De Circulo Physico Quadrate, Oppenheim. , 1616, 4°, PP- 79 [i blank]. Examen Fucorum Pseudochymicorum, Francof., 1617, 4°, pp. 47 [i blank]. Jocus Severus, Franco?., 1617, 4°, pp. 76. Verum Inventum, hoc est, munera Germanise, Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. [16, i-io] 11-249 [i, 6 blank]. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, l637. P- 362. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 149-153, 267. Morhof, De Metallorum transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 84, 104, 146. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 496. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686. p. 817. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicomtm, 1731, II. i. p. 128. Jacob L^eupolds Prodromus Bibliottiecce Metallica, 1732, p. 96. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 100, 123 ; ii. pp. 169, 422, 434, 444 ; iii. p. 554. Kestner, Medtcinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- SOS- Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, Bd. ii. p. 253 (Th. ii. B. xvii, c. xviii. § 24) ; Bd. iii. A. p. 116, §3. Septimana Philosophia, Francof., 1620, 4°, pp. [36] 228 [52]. Folding plate. Themis Aurea, Francof. , 1618, 8°, p. 192 ; 2nd edition, 1624, along with ' Silentium post cla- mores (q.v. ). The Rosicnician work : Tractates Post humus, sive Ulysses, Francofurti, 1624, 8°, pp. 274 [2 blank], was published after his death. It was short (pp. 41), but the editor added others on the same topic, and issued it as a kind of memorial volume. The other tracts are : Colloquium Rhodostauroticum, p. 43 ; Echo Colloquii Rhodostaurotici, p. 163 ; Christianas Religionis Summa per Joan. Diazium Hispanum, p. 203 ; Scholasterium Christianum, p. 217. So far as I have observed this is one of the rarest of Maier's works. Kopp mentions another work : Comitia philoso- phica, which I have not seen. De Volucri Arborea, Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. 180. Themis Aurea, English translation, London, 1656, 16°, pp. [30, 2 blank] 136. Echo Fraternitatis Rosea Cruets, Dantisci, 1616, 8°, has been ascribed to him. A good deal of the interest of Maier's books now turns upon their symbolical illustrations by De Bry, apart from the treatment of the subject of alchemy and Rosicrucianism. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 384, 477 ; iii. pp. 47, 48, 225-230, 284. Moller, Cimbria literata, Havniae, 1744, i. pp. 376-380. Vogt, Catalogus Historico-Criticits I.ibrorum Rariorum, Ed. 3*, 1747, p. 430. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 329 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1106. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, pp. 366-67. Guil. Francois De Bure, Bibliographie instructive, 1764, Volume . . . des Sciences et Arts, Nos. 1912- 1924 (gives a list of fourteen of his works). Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 425. Haller, Bibliotheca. Medicince practices, 1777, ii. pp. 470, 498. Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Kesenkreutxts, Leipzig, *783. PP- 61-63. MAIER—MAL VASIA biography, a list of his principal works, and a dis- cussion on the Rosicrucians). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 353. Nouvellc Biographic G£nerale, 1863, xxxii. col. 862. L>adra.gue,BidIio/Atyue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1127. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in. Osterreich, 1883, p. 18. H. Peters, Aus pharmazeutischer Vorzeit in Bild nnd Wort, 1886, p. 205. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220 ; ii. pp. 8, 220, 323, 339, 341, 350, 354, 366-370, 375, 381, 382, 384- Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Ltxicon, 1897, xi. p. 67 (article by S. M. J^rgensen). MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 520, 601, 603. Beckmann, Beyirage sur Geschichte der Erfin- dungen, 1792, iii. p. 458 ; English translation, 1814, iv. p. 577- Gmzim, .Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 516. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 28, 34- 44-45, 57- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 138. Biographie Mtdicalc, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 236. Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 231 ; n.d. xxvi. p. 113 (article by Weiss, contains a short MAISNER (DANIEL). See NORTON (THOMAS). MALDINY (JOANNES JACOBUS DE). Joannis Jacob! de Maldiny Equitis Pedemontani, Sacra Regise Maj. Danicae et Norweg. Consiliarii, Mirabilia Mundi, sive de Scientiarum Artiumque omnium Origine et Progressu Tractatus, in quo perutilia reserantur Arcana Mathe- matica, Mechanica, Physica, Medica et Chymica. Accesserunt insuper rara, certa, elaborataque Arnoldi De Villanova Experimenta, usque ad nonum Artis Chymicae Opus, Authoris usu et annotationibus illustrata. Cum elegantibus manupictis Figuris. Augustse Vindelicorum, Sumptibus Joannis Jacobi Lotteri, Hseredum, Anno 1754. 8°. Pp. [12] 135 [5]. 2 folding plates. Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, 1888, N.S. i. p. 329. MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE). Extractum e Tractatu super Epitaphio Bononise . . . insculpto. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 717. The work of which the above is an excerpt has the following title : Aelia Laelia Crispis non nata resurgens in es- positione legal! Co: C'aroli Caesaris Malvasiae V. I. ac. Sac. Paginae Doct. Colleg. necnon in patrio Archigymnasio horis vespertinis ordinarii legum Interpretis Primarii illustrissimo viro Domino D. loanni Baptistae Colbert dicata. Bononiae, Typis HH. Dominici Barberii, 1683, Superiorum permissu. Expensis losephi Antonii Davici de Turrinis. 4°, pp. [24, including the en- graving of the stone], 196. He gives a list of those who have attempted inter- pretations of the /Enigma, beginning with Marius Michael Angelus and Richardus Vitus Basin- stochius down to Petrus Hercules Belloius, forty- three in all, the text of the inscription with the various readings which occur in the versions given by the different interpreters, and then an elaborate exposition of the inscription supported by numer- ous illustrations taken from other Roman inscrip- tions. His solution of the puzzle is that it is an epitaph on a girl who died before her birth, and who had been promised in marriage to the author of the inscription. Carlo Cesare, Marquis of Malvasia, was born at Bologna, 18 Dec., 1616. He studied law, medicine, philosophy and divinity, and sustained theses on these subjects, was a canon of the Cathedral and professor of law in the University, and a member of various literary societies. All his life he made a study of the history of art, and one of his most important books is on this subject : Felsinapittrice, vite de Pit tori Bolognesi, Bologna, 1678, 2 vols., 4°; Bologna, 1841, 2 vols., 8°. He also collected the inscriptions found in Bologna and its neighbourhood, and published them in a work entitled Marmora Felsinea, Bologna, 1690, 4°. Possibly the sElia Leelia Crispis inscription, which was found in the house of the senator Volta, and was believed by Malvasia to be ancient, though others did not accept it as Roman, may have been an outcome of his palreographical pursuits. He wrote another small work Pitture di Bologna, Bologna, 1732, 12°, edited after his death by Zanotti, and a number of books on law, letters, poems, etc., which remain in manuscript and are mentioned by Orlandi. Malvasia died at Bologna, 10 March, 1693. 68 MAL VASIA-MANGET MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE). Continued. Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus el Nova, 1678, p. 500. Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, Noiizie degli Scrit- tori Bolognesi e delt opere loro stampate c mano- scritte, Bologna, 1714, 4°, p. 80. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 74 ('Malvasius, in Epita- phium '). Luigi Crespi, Vite de Pittori Bolognesi non descritte nella Felsina Pittrice, Roma, 1769, pp. 1-15 ('Vita del Conte Carlo Cesare Canonico Malvasia,' with a portrait). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortzetsung und Erganznngen, 1813, iv. col. 525. Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 417 ; n.d. xxvi. p. 291. Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice, ed. Giampietro Zan- otti, Bologna, 1841, Tomoi. pp. ix. -xviii. (a reprint of Luigi Crespi's. ' Vita,' quoted above, with a por- trait of Malvasia as frontispiece to the volume). Nouvelle Biographic Gitnirale, 1863, xxxiii. col. 121. MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Jo. Jacob! Mangeti, Medicinae Doctoris, et Sereniss. ac Potentiss. Regis Prussiae Archiatri, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, seu Rerum ad Alchemiam perti- nentium Thesaurus Instructissimus : quo non tantum Artis Aurifewe, ac Scriptorum in ea Nobiliorum Historia traditur; Lapidis Veritas Argumentis & Experimentis innumeris, immb & Juris Consultorum Judiciis evincitur ; Termini obscuriores explicantur ; Cautiones contra Impostores, & Difficultates in Tinctura Universal! conficienda occurrentes, declarantur: Verum etiam Tractatus omnes Virorum Celebriorum, qui in Magno sudarunt Elixyre, quique ab ipso Hermete, ut dicitur, Trismegisto, ad nostra usque Tempora de Chryso- poea scripserunt, cum praecipuis suis Commentariis, concinno Ordine dispositi exhibentur. Ad quorum omnium Illustrationem additae sunt quamplurimae Figurae aeneae. Tomus Primus. Coloniae Allobrogum, Sumpt. Chouet, G. De Tournes, Cramer, Perachon, Ritter, & S. De Tournes. M.DCC.II. Folio in sixes. Pp. [20] 938. Title red and black. Portrait-leaf (damaged at one corner). 16 plates. Tomus Secundus. Oenevae, Sumpt. Chouet. . . . M.DCCII. Pp. [2] 904. Leaf of advertisements. 14 plates. Title black. The following are the titles of the tracts contained in Mangel's collection : Tomus I. Olaus Borrichius. De Ortu et Progressu Chemias Dissertatio (contains ' Elia Lelia Crispis,' p. 26), i. p. i. Olaus Borrichius. Conspectus Scriptorum Chemi- corum Celebriorum, i. p. 38. Athanasius Kircher. De Lapide Philosophorum Dissertatio, i. p. 54. Athanasius Kircher. De Alchymia Sophistica, i. p. 82. Salomon de Blauvenstein. Interpellatio brevis ad Philospphos pro Lapide Philosophorum contra Antichimisticum Mundum Subterraneum Athan- asii Kircheri Jesuilas, i. p. 113. Gabriel Clauder. Tractatus de Tinctura Vni- versali, ubi in specie contra R. P. Athanasium Kircherum pro existentia Lapidis Philosophici dis- putatur, i. p. 119. Daniel Georg Morhof. De Metallorum Trans- mutatione ad ... Toelem Langelottum Epistola, i. p. 168. Philippus Jacobus Sachs a Levvenheimb. Aurum Chymicum, i. p. 192. Joh. Fridericus Helvetius. Vilnius aureus quern mundus adorat et oral, in quo traclatur de raris- sim6 Naturae Miraculo Transmutandi Metalla, nempe quomodo lota Plumbi Substanlia, vel inlra momentum, ex quavis minima Lapidis veri Philo- sophici particula in Aurum obryzum coinmutata fuerit Hagae Comitis, i. p. 196. Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus. De lure Artis Alchemise, hoc est varipram Aulorum & proeserlim Jurisconsultorum Judicia & Responsa ad Qurestion- em, An Alchemia sit Ars Legilima, i. p. 210. Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum, i. p. 217. Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum. Liber Secundus, i. p. 275. Pelrus Joannes Faber. Manuscriptum . . . Res Alchymicorum obscuras extraordinaria perspicui- tate explanans, i. p. 291. Pelrus Joannes Faber. Epistolne aliquot, i. p. 304. Joannes Joachim Becher. Oedipus Chymicus, obscuriorum Terminorum & Principiorum Chymi- corum Mysteria aperiens el resolvens, i. p. 306. Theobaldus de Hoghelande. De Alchimias Difficultatibus Liber, in quo docelur, quid scire, quidque vitare debeat verse Chemise studiosus ad perfectionem aspirans, i. p. 336. Cato Chemicus, Tractalus quo verae ac genuinae Philosophise Hermeticas & fucatae ac sophisticae Pseudo-Chemiae, & ulriusque Magislrorum Char- aclerismi accurale delineanlur, i. p. 368. Hermes Trismegislus. Tabula Smaragdina. Cui titulus Verba Secretorum Hermetis Trisme- gisti W. Chr. Kriegsmanni & Gerard! Dornei Com- mentariis illustrata, i. p. 380. Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Testamentum, i. p, 389. MANGET 69 MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Hermes Trismegistus. Expositiones Dornei, i. p. 389. Hermes Trismegistus. Tractatus Aureus de Lapidis Physici Secret6, in septem Capitula divisus, cum Scholiis Anonymi, i. p. 400. Turba Philosophorum ex antiquo Manuscripto Codice excerpta, qualis nulla hactenus visa fuerat editio, i. p. 445. In Turbam Philosophorum Sermo unus Anonymi, i. p. 465. Allegorise Sapientum supra Librum Turbae Philo- sophorum XXIX Distinctiones, i. p. 467. Turbae Philosophorum aliud exemplar, i. p. 480. Allegoriae super librum Turbae, i. p. 494. /Enygma ex visione Arislei Philosophi & Alle- goriis Sapientum, i. p. 495. Exercitationes in turbam Philosophorum, i. p. 497- Artephius. Liber qui Clavis majoris Sapientia: dicitur, i. p. 503. Calid. Liber de Compositione Alchemiae quern edidit Morienus Romanus, Calid Regi ^Egyptiorum; quern Robertus Castrensis de Arabicd in Latinum transtulit, i. p. 509. Geber. Summa Perfectionis Magisterii in sua natura, i. p. 519. Geber. Liber Investigations Magisterii, i. p. 558. Geber. Testamentum, i. p. 562. Joannes Braceschus. De Alchemia Dialogus veram et genuinam librorum Gebri sententiam explicans, i. p. 565. Joannes Gerhard us. Exercitationes perbreves in Gebri Arabis summi Philosophi libros duos Sum- ma; perfectionis, i. p. 598. Rogerius Baco. De Alchymia Libellus cui titu- lus Speculum Alchemiae, i. p. 613. Rogerius Baco. De Secretis operibus Artis & Naturae et de Nullitate Magiee Epistola (ad Guilielmum Parisiensem conscripta), i. p. 616. Avicenna. Tractatulus de Alchemia, i. p. 626. Avicenna. De Congelatione et Conglutinatione lapidum, i. p. 636. Aristoteles. De perfecto Magisterio Tractatus, i. p. 638. Aristoteles. Tractatulus de practica lapidis philosophici, i. p. 659. Arnaldus de Villanova. Thesaurus Thesauror- um & Rosarium Philosophorum, omnium Secre- tprum maximum secretum, de verissima composi- tione Naturalis Philosophiae qua omne diminutum reducitur ad solificum & lunificum, i. p. 662. Arnaldus de Villanova. Novum Lumen, i. p. 676. Arnaldus de Villanova. Perfectum Magisterium & Gaudium transmissum ad inclytum Regem Aragonum, quod quidem est Flos Florum, The- saurus omnium incomparabilis & Margarita, i. p. 679. Arnaldus de Villanova. Epistola super Alchemia ad Regem Neapolitanum, i. p. 683. Arnaldus de Villanova. Speculum Alchemiae, i. p. 687. Arnaldus de Villanova. Carmen, i. p. 698. Arnaldus de Villanova. Quaestiones tarn Essen- tiales quam accidentales ad Bonifacium Octavium cum suis Responsionibus, i. p. 698. Arnaldus de Villanova. Semita semitae, i. p. 702. Arnaldus de Villanova. Testamentum, i. p. 704. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum, & primum de Theorica, i. p. 707. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum. Pars Prac- tica super Philosophic© Lapide, i. p. 763. Joannes Gerhardus. Analysis Partis Practices Raymundi Lullii in Testamento, i. p. 778. Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Animae Transmutationis Artis Metallorum, Ruperto Ati- glomm Regi transmissum, i. p. 780. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum novissimum, Carolo Regi dicatum, i. p. 790. Raymundus Lullius. Testamenti novissimi pars altera, i. p. 806. Raymundus Lullius. Elucidatio Testamenti, i. p. 823. Raymundus Lullius. Liber dictus Lux Mer- curiorum in quo explicatur quod in aliis Libris occultatum est, i. p. 824. Raymundus Lullius. Experimenta in quibus verae Philosophiae Chemicae Operationes clarissime traduntur, i. p. 826. Raymundus Lullius. Liber Artis Compendiosae quem Vademecum nuncupavit, i. p. 849. Raymundus Lullius, Compendii Animae Trans- mutationis Artis Metallorum aliud exemplar, i. p. 853. Raymundus Lullius. Epistola de Accurtatione Lapidis Benedict! missa Anno 1412. Roberto Anglorum Regi, i. p. 863. Raymundus Lullius. Liber Potestas Divitiarum dictus, in quo optima expositio Testamenti Hermetis continetur, i. p. 866. Raymundus Lullius. Claviculaquae&Apertorium dicitur, in qua omnia quae in opere Alchemiae requiruntur, aperte declarantur, i. p. 872. Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Artis Al- chemiae et Naturalis Philosophiae, i. p. 875. Raymundus Lullius. Tractatus de Lapide et Oleo Philosophorum, i. p. 878. Raymundus Lullius. Codicillus, seu Vademecum & Cantilena in quo fontes Alchemicae Artis, ac Philosophiae reconditioris uberrime traduntur, i. p. 880. Joannes Braceschus. Lignum Vitse, seu Dialogus ex Italicd in Latinum versus a G. Gratorolo Physicd, quo Raymundi Lulli Scripta explicantur, i. p. 911. Liber Mutus Alchemiae Mysteria filiis Artis nudis figuris, evidentissime aperiens (15 plates), i. p. 938. Tomus II. Petrus Bonus. Margarita pretiosa novella, ii. p. i. Joannes de Rupescissd. Liber Magisterii de con- fectione veri Lapidis Philosophorum, ii. p. 80. Joannes de Rupescissa. Liber Lucis, ii. p. 84. Rosarium Philosophorum, ii. p. 87. Rosarii Philosophorum aliud Exemplar . . . per Toletanum Philosophum maximum, ii. p. 119. Rosarium Abbreviatum Ignoti, ii. p. 133, Guido de Montanor. Scala Philosophorum, ii. P- 134- Clangor Buccinae, ii. p. 147. Correctio Fatuorum, ii. p. 165. Marsilius Ficinus. Liber de Arte Chemica, ii. p. 172. Calid Filius Jaici. Liber Secretorum Artis, ii. p. 183- Kalid Rex. Liber Trium Verborum, ii. p. 189. Merlinus. Allegoria, ii. p. 191. Thesaurus Philosophiae, ii. p. 192. Aurelia Occulta cum Semoris Zadith Tractatulo de Chemia, ii. p. 198. Consilium Conjugii, seu de Massa Solis & Lunae Libri III., ii. p. 235. Richardus Anglicus. Libellus utilissimus ir«pi eio?, cui titulum fecit Correctorium, ii. p. 266. MANGE T MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Georgius Ripleus, Liber Duodecim Portarum, ii. p. 275. Thomas Northon. Tractatus Crede Mihi, seu Ordinale dictus, ii. p. 285. Joannes Dausten. Rosarium arcanum Philoso- phorum Secretissimum, ii. p. 309. Dialogus inter Naturam & filium Philosophise, ii. p. 326. Dionysius Zacharias. Opusculum Chemicum, ii. P- 336. Nicolaus Flamellus. Cpmmentarius in Dionysii Zacharii Opusculum Chemicum, ii. p. 350. Collectanea ex Democrito, ii. p. 361. Nicolaus Flamellus. Tractatus brevis, seu Sum- marium Philosophicum, ii. p. 368. Joannes Aurelius Augurellus. Chrysopoeia, & Vellus Aureum, seu Chrysopoeia major & minor, ii. p. 37i- Nathan Albineus. Carmen Aureum, ii. p. 387. Nathan Albineus. ^inygma, ii. p. 388. Bernardus Trevisanus Liber de Secretissimo Philosophorum opere Chemico, ii. p. 388. Hermes. Tabula Smaragdina, p. 389. Bernardus Trevisanus. Responsio ad Thoniam de Bonpnia, . . . super eddem Opere, ii. p. 399. Basilius Valentinus. Liber de magno Lapide Antiquorum Sapientum, ii. p. 409. Basilius Valentinus. Liber duodecim Clavium, ii. p. 413. Basilius Valentinus. De prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic}, ii. p. 421. Basilius Valentinus. Brevis Appendix & per- spicua repetitio aut iteratio in librum suum de Magno lapide Antiquissimorum, ii. p. 422. Gerardus Dorn. Congeries Paracelsicae Chemise de Transmutationibus Metallorum, ii. p. 423. Michael Sendivogius. Novum Lumen Chemi- cum, ii. p. 463. Michael Sendivogius. Parabola, seu ^Enigma Philosophicum, ii. p. 474. Michael Sendivogius. Dialogus Mercurii, Al- chemistae et Naturae, ii. p. 475. Michael Sendivogius. Tractatus de Sulphure, ii. p. 479. Michael Sendivogius. Apographus Epistolarum hactenus ineditarum super Chemia, ii. p. 493. Orthelius. Commentarius in Novum Lumen Chemicum Michaelis Sendivogii XII. figuris in Germania repertis illustratum, ii. p. 516. Guilielmus Trognianus. De lapide, ii. p. 530. Hydrolithus Sophicus, seii Aquarium Sapientum, »• P- 537- Joannes Franciscus Picus Mirandulaa Dom. Opus Aureum de Auro turn aestimando, turn con- ficiendo, turn utendo, ii. p. 558. Joannes Grasseus, alias Cortalasseus. Area Arcani artificiossimi de Summis Naturae Mysteriis, constructa ex Rustic6 ejus majore & minore, & Physica naturali rotunda, per visionem Cabalisticam descripta, ii. p. 585. Anonymus Discipulus Joannis Grassei. Mysteri- um Occultas Naturae ; DeduobusFloribusAstralibus Agricolas minoris in ejus Area Arcani Artificiosissimi contentis, ii. p. 619. d'Espagnet. Enchiridion Physicae restitutae, ii. p. 626. In these volumes Manget has classified the authors partly according to subject, partly chrono- logically. The first book contains the authors who have written the history of alchemy ; those who have written against or for it ; those who have given examples of transmutation ; those who have written on the difficulties of alchemy and its d'Espagnet. Arcanum Hermeticae Philosophise Opus in quo occulta Naturse & Artis circa Lapidis Philosophorum materiam & operandi modum, canonice & ordinate fiunt manifesta, ii. p. 649. Philaletha. Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, ii. p. 661. Philaletha. Tractatus de Metallorum Meta- morphosi, ii. p. 676. Philaletha. Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum Caelestem, ii. p. 686. Philaletha. Fons Chemicae Philosophiae, ii. p. 693- Joannes Ferdinandus Hertodt a Todtenfeldt. Epistola Contra Philaletham, ii. 697. Anonymi ad praecendentem Epistolam Responsio, ii. p. 699. Liber Praxeos Alchemic* cum Additionibus Libavii, ii. p. 700. Nicolaus Bernaudus a Crista Arnaudi Delphinas. In ^Enygmaticum quoddam Epitaphium Bononia: ante multa soscula marmoreo Lapidi insculptum, Commentariolus [Aelia Lnelia Crispis], ii. p. 713. Carolus Caesar Malvasius. Extractum e Tractatu super eodem Epitaphio conscripto, ii. p. 717. Pantaleon. Bifplium Metallicum, seu Medicina duplex pro Metallis et Hominibus infirmis . . . in- venta . . . , ii. p. 718. Pantaleon. Tumulus Hermetis apertus, ii. p. 728. Pantaleon. Examen Alchemisticum, ii. p. 736. Pantaleon. Disceptatio de Lapide Physico, in qua Tumbam Semiramidis ab Anonymo Phantastice non Hermetice sigillatam ; jam ver6 reclusam, si sapiens inspexerit ipsam, promissis Reguni Thesauris vacuam inveniet, ii. p. 744. Tumba Semiramidis Hermetice sigillata quam si sapiens aperuerit, non Cyrus ambitiosus, avarus, Regum ille thesauros divitiarum inexhaustos, quod sufficiat inveniat, ii. p. 759. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Tractatus de Liquore Alchaest, & Lapide Philosophorum, . . . item de Sale volatili tartari &c., ii. p. 764. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Metallorum ac Metal- licorum naturae operum ex Orthophysicis funda- mentis recens Elucidatio, ii. p. 781. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Appendix Symbolas Crucis aliqualem explicationem exhibens, ii. p. 840. Claudius Germain. Icon Philosophiae occultae, ii. p. 845. Christianus Adolphus Balduinus. Aurum su- perius & inferius Aurse Superioris & Inferioris Hermeticum, ii. p. 856. Melchior Friben. Brevis enumeratio hactenus a se in Chemia actorum, ii. p. 875. D. I. B. De Spiritu Mundi Positiones aliquot, ii. p. 876. Andreas Cnoffelius. Responsum ad Positiones de Spiritu Mundi, quod in se continet Reserationem Tumbas Semiramidis, ii. p. 880. Trames facilis & planus ad Auream Hermetis Arcem recta perducens, ii. p. 887. Daniel Stolcius de Stolcenberg. Hortulus Her- meticus e Flosculis Philosophorum cupro incisis conformatus, & brevissimis versiculis explicatus ; qu6 Chemise studiosi pro Philotheca uti, fessique Laboratoriorum ministri, recreari possint, ii. p. 895. language. Then follow the treatises from Hermes to Raymund Lully, with the Liber Mutus, which completes the first volume. The second volume contains authors from Lully down to Mangel's own time, the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the first volume there are 69 tracts, in the second there are 71. MANGE T— MANGOLD MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Mangel was born at Geneva, 19 June, 1652. His father was a wealthy merchant, and his uncle a physician of the King of Poland. To gratify his parents his studies were at first directed to divinity, but afterwards he taught himself medicine by pri- vate study and reading, graduated as doctor in 1678 at Valence, in Dauphine, and practised in his native place with great acceptance and success. He became dean of the Medical Faculty there, in 1699 the Elector of Brandenburg made him his first physician, and when he became king of Prussia, Mangel still conlinued lo hold Ihe posilion unlil his death. His literary work, in which he is said to have been helped by Daniel Leclerc, con- sisted chiefly in collecting and reprinling in large volumes irealises on medicine and surgery, and Ihese are valuable as works of reference lo books which eilher are now difficull lo oblain or which have disappeared. They are : Messis Medico-spagyrica, Colon. (? Genevae), 1683, fol. Bibliolheca analomica, Genevae, 1685, 2 vols. , fol. ; 1699, 2 vols., fol. ; London, 1711, 3 vols., 4°. Bibliolheca pharmaceutico-medica, Genev., 1704, 2 vols. , fol. Bibliotheca chirurgica, Genev., 1721, 4 vols., fol. Journal des Savans, 1703, pp. 499-504. Slolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicin- ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 343, 465, 494, 497, 540. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 217-257 (biography, and contents of his different books). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 97. (' Bibliotheca chemica curiosa,' iv. vols. fol., Genuae, 1695, 1702. It is in two volumes, and I have seen no other mention of a 1695 edilion.) Lenglel Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 2 ('Bibl. Scriplorum Medicorum '), 60 (' Bibl. Chemica Curiosa,1 wilh a reprint of the contenls). Me moires pour I' Histoire des Sciences &* des beaux Arts (Memoires de Tr^voux), 1743, Mars 1743. PP- 549-SSi- Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, in. col. 1 10 ; Rolermund's Fortsetzuns; und Ergdnzun- gen, 1813, iv. col. 570. Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 93. (Hor- lacher's abslract ; Fictuld condemns both, and laments the loss of time in compiling them.) More'ri, Lt Grand Dicfionnaire historique, 1759, vii. p. 159. Osmont, Dictionnaire typographique, 1768, i. p. 442. Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1772, ii. p. 72. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 803. Haller, Bibliotlieca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 520. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mldecine, 1778, iii. p. 150. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii. Bibliolheca scriptorum medicorum, 1731, 4 vols., fol. (This contains the whole of Mercklin's Lin- detiius renovatus, with reprints of biographical notices and reviews from a variety of sources, and addilional authors subsequent lo Mercklin's lime. This lasl seclion, however, is not so full as il mighl have been.) Bibliotheca medico-practica, Genev., 1695-98, 4 vols., fol. ; Ib. 1739, 4 vols., fol. Tbeatrum analomicum, Genev., 1716-1717, a vols., fol. He edited Ihe works of some olher writers on medical subjecls. The presenl work is the largest of the collections of chemical aulhors, and ihough il conlains a num- ber of works which had already been prinled in Zelzner's Theatrum chemicum, il conlains a great number of olhers which Zelzner did not reprint. The originals of many of Ihe trealises are now exlremely scarce, so thai for hislorical reference Mangel's collection is indispensable. The only drawback under which it labours is thai Ihe lexl as prinled differs sometimes from that of other editions. Mangel died al Geneva, 15 (25) Augl., 1742, in his 9151 year, wilhout having had a day's illness during his lifetime. p. 603 ( ' aliqua mecum adfinitate conjunclus, magnus collector '). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 2. Jean Senebier, Histoire litttraire de Geneve, Geneve, 1786, ii. pp. 316-18. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 255. 3°o, 371, 480. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, u. p. 122. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 236. Biographic Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 173. Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 486; n.d. xxvi. p. 340 (article by Weiss). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 513. Que'rard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 488. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 509. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. P- 51- Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 588. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrak, 1863, xxxiii. col. 201. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 538. (Horlacher's abstract ; there is no copy of Ihe original work.) Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1871, iv. p. 505. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 115 (article by Pagel). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 88 ; ii. p. 326, 340. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 578. Bibliotheca Chemico-Curiosa, D. Mangeti enucleata ac illustrata, 1707. See HORLACHER (CONRAD). MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS). Versuche mit Farben. See ALLGKMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 319. 72 MANGOLD— MANLIIS MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS). Continued. These experiments on colours, on cinnabar, etc., him that he studied himself to death. On the 29 were communicated to the Academy of Sciences at June, 1767, he took a fancy in the evening to write Mainz. a dissertation, and he worked at it through the Mangold was born at Erfurt in 1719, where he cold night till i o'clock in the morning ; at 9 o'clock began his studies. He became doctor of medicine, he was found unconscious, and his death took place assessor of the medical and philosophical faculties on 2 July, 1767. and of the Academy of Sciences at Erfurt, ordinary In 1761 he translated the first part of J. G. professor of anatomy, chemistry and philosophy Wallerius' Physical Chemistry from Latin into there, and a member of the Academy at Mont- German. The second part was translated by Chr. pellier. From Erfurt he went to Jena, and after- Ehr. Weigel, 1776, amended 1780. In 1748 at wards accompanied Count Gotter in his travels in Erfurt he published a volume in 4° : Chymische France. In 1751 he was professor at Frankfurt, Erfahrungen und Vortheile, and a continuation of where he was distinguished as a teacher and author, them at Arnstadt, 1749, 4°. This last contained a but his plans for the improvement of chemistry and refutation of Hieronymus Ludolph's dissertations : medicine were never carried out owing to his feeble Die in derMedicin siegende Chymie, Erfurt, 1743-50. health, and Rotermund adds that it can be said of Baldinger, Ehrengeddchtnifs des Prof. Mangolds, verstorbenen Teulschen Schrifsteller, 1808, viii. Jena, 1767, 4°. p. 455. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 433. Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten- Lexicon ; Roter- Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 39. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. Gmelin, Geschichtt der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 461, col. 574. 471, 472, 650 (list of his papers), 694. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 25), vi. p. 174. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 4. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Med£- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 512. 1806-08, p. 296. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p, 116. MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho. Luminare maius. Cinthius vt totum radijs illuminat orbem. Illuminat latebras sic medicina tuas. Lumen Apothecariorum. Thesaurus Aromatariorum. Folio. Ff. 75. Tabula [2, blank leaf]. After the ' Tabula ' comes this Colophon : Impressum Venetijs ere ac sollerti cura heredum. q. domini Octauiani Scoti ciuis ac patricius Modoeciensis : & sociol|.. Anno a dominica incarnatione. 1520. Die. 23. Martij. followed by the Registrum & Scotus' device. Black letter. Double columns. Lumen Apothecariorum, ff. 1-24. Thesaurus Aromatariorum, ff. 25-64. The above colophon is repeated, f. 62 verso, with the Registrum and Scotus' device. Luminare Maius quondam elaboratissimis, loannis lacobi Manlii Alexandrini, Commentario, & Nicolai Mutoni Mediolanensis Appendicibus, locuples ; Nunc verb etiam luculentissima; lani Matthaei Durastantis Sanctoiustani expositione locupletius adeb redditum ; vt, quod illorum ope solis iam erat Pharmacopceis vtile, Nunc quidem huius opera sit etiam Medicis vtilissimum. Connexa prseterea sunt, tam Lumen Apothecariorum, quam Thesaurus Aromatariorum, cum dilucidissimis, illud Quirici Augusti, hie Pauli Suardi; Commentariolis. His demum accessere et copiosissimi Quatuor Indices, Primus, ac Secundus in Luminare ; Tertius in Lumen ; Vltimus in Thesaurum, adeb plane, examussim, affabreq; a Durastante facti ; vt ; nihil in Testibus ; nihil in, Commentario, Appendicibus, Expositione, & Commentariolis, sit legere ; quod ab eisdem Alphabetico digito non breuitur indiceter. Cum Privilegio. Venetiis, Apud Lucam Antonium luntam. Anno M D LXVI. Folio. Ff. [36] 1-142 ; Index [ioj 143-213, 214 blank. MANLI1S—MARBODAEUS 73 MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho. Continued. Colophon : Impressum Venetijs, in Officina Lucoe Antonij luntae. Anno a Salubernmo Virgineo Partu. M D LXVI. The Lumen Apothecariorum is by Quiricus de must light it up with Diogenes' lantern if one wishes Augustis de Dertona and the Tlusaurus Aroma- to enjoy a twinkle from it ; and in the note he adds tariorum by Paulus Suardus. that any one who turns over its leaves will see the According to the bibliographers this book passed truth of his observations, and will come across through many editions: Soec. XV. without place and concoctions of such a kind that he doubts if any date; Ven., without date; 1490; Pavia, 1494; Ven. one to-day(i73i) would black his boots with them ! 1496, 1499; 1501, 1503, 1506, 1517, 1549, 1551, 1556, The author, Joannes Jacobus Manlius, or de 1561, 1563, 1566, all in folio ; Lugdun. 1525, 1536, Manliis, with the addition, de Bosco or Boscho, in small folio. The 1520 edition is not mentioned, was an Italian physician, born at Alexandria, who An Italian version by Pietro Lauro, Venez. 1559, 4°. flourished in the fifteenth century. The best edition Haller makes no unfavourable remark on the of the Luminare is said to be that by Nic. Mutonus. book, and says it was not contemned by Cordus. He wrote also : Interpretatio simplicium secundum But Stolle is particularly severe on this much-prized rituni omcinarum, printed in Otto Brunfel's Her- Luininare, and says that even in full day light one barium Ntmum, Argent. 1531, fol. ii. nom. xi. Van der Linden, DC Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. 1637, p. 281. p. 471. Konig, Bibliotheca vet us et nova, 1678, p. 503. Panzer, Annales Typographic i, Norimbergae, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 614 1794, ii. p. 258, No. 98; 1795, iii. pp. 281, 1259; (adds a Libellus medicus variorum experimentorum, 387,2028; 453,2480; 1799, vii. pp. 369, 830; 1800, Bas. 8°). viii. pp. 407, 575 ; 1801, ix. pp. 301, 281 ; 328, Stolle, Anleitung zur Uistorie der Medicinischen 768 b ; 521. 567 c. Gelakrheit, 1731, pp. 769, 770. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 167. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Hain, Repertorium bibliographiciim^ 1831, II. i. p. 509. Nos. 10708-10713 (of the six editions Hain saw Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. only the last two, dated respectively 1496 and 1499). col. 115; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnz- Graesse, Trisor de Livres Rares, 1863, iv. p. 366. ungen, 1813, iv. col. 586. Nouvelle Biographic G£ndrale, 1863, xxxiii. col. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 238. 231 (from Rotermund). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 581. MANNA COELESTE. Auszug aus dem Lateinischen Manuscript, Manna Coeleste, das himmlische Manna genannt. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, P- 549- MANTISSA Chymica Spagyrica. See LEMERY (NICOLAS). MARBODAEUS. Marbodaei Galli Caenomanensis De gemmarum lapidumq; pretiosorum formis, naturis, atq; uiribus eruditu cu primis opusculu, sane q\ utile, cum ad rei medicae, tu scripturae sacrae cognitione ; nQc primu no mo cetu ferme uersib. locupletatu pariter & accuratius emedatu, sed & scholijs qq; illustratu p Alardu AEmstelredamu C Cuius studio E// iJMpydpirop ri addit^ sunt & praeci fito//. "Avofioif pU82 gernmap lapi aTSavra. Aa/i/?ave. dflqj ptiosop expli- En margaritu no- catides, ex uetustiss. bile, Erne si cupis qbusq; autoribu9 co- ditescere. actae. Cu scholijs Pi Rationale. Exodi ctorij Villingefi. 28 & 39. Leui. 8 Coloniae excudebat Hero Alopecius, Anno 1539. 74 MARBODAEUS MARBODAEUS. Continued. 8". Ff. 124 (misprint for 126) [a]. Ai and Aij are not numbered. Aiij numbered 3. Aiiij not numbered, AS numbered 5, Avj not numbered, Avij 7, Aviij not numbered, Bi numbered 9, and thereafter each leaf numbered to 124. The lower part of the title is occupied with a half-length representation of the Jewish high priest, whose breastplate is adorned with twelve stones arranged as in the following table. Smaragdus Leui 2 Topazius Simeon i Sardius Ruben 12 Beryllus Beniamin Carbucul9 luda 9 amethystus Aser 10 chrysolitus Nepthalim ii Onychirius loseph Saphirus Zabulon 6 laspis Isachar 7 Lincurius Dan 8 Achates Gad Marbodaeus, or Marbodus, was a native of Anjou; b. about 1035, he died at Angers, n Sept., 1123. He was bishop of Rennes and was the author of several works in prose and in verse. Pits makes him out to be a Welshman, who ulti- mately went to France. Leyser calls him an Englishman, but these statements are not correct. The poem on precious stones, which is the work by which he is remembered at the present day, must have been widely circulated. Upwards of sixty manuscripts of it are known, and there are translations in French, Provencal, Italian, Spanish, English, Irish, Danish, and other languages. This poem, revised by Joan. Cuspinianus, was first printed at Vienna in 1511. It was not known to Beaugendre, Fabricius, Lessing, and others, but it is described by Beckmann. It is contained in Marbodus' works printed at Rennes, by Johannes Baudouyn, for Johannes Mace, 1524, sm. 4 , a book so rare that Beckmann never saw it and Beaugendre could find only one copy in France. The copy I have came from the Sunder- land Library. The poem is on Dvi verso to Eii verso. Subsequent editions : Friburg (probably), 1531, small square 8°, A to G in eights, with the notes of Pictorius ; Paris, 1531, Christianus Wechelus, small square 8°, pp. no [a]; Cologne, J539 ({he present edition) ; Francof. 1540, in Cor- narius' edition of Macer's De materiel medico, libri 5 ; Basil. 1555, Marbodi Dactyliotlieca, and again in 1740 ; Witteberg. 1574, ed. Rantzovius ; with preface by Henricus Moller ; reprinted at Liibeck, J575. 8° I reprinted at Leipzig, 1585 (in these three editions the poem goes under the name of Evax) ; Lugd. Bat. 1695 and 1707 in Gorlseus Dactyliotheca, ed. Jac. Gronovius; Paris, 1708, the edition of Beaugendre, appended to his edition of Hildebert's works, in folio, pp. 1635-1690 ; Wolf- fenbuttel, 1740, 4°, pp. 84 ; Beckmann 's edition, Gottingen, 1799, 8°, pp. xxviii. 164. Beckmann gives a full account of the issues of the book and a critical edition of the text. Marbodaeus' poems are printed in Migne's Patrologia, vol. 171, and in Franz's edition of Pliny's Historia naturalis, Lips. 1791, x. pp. 734-762. There is an almost contemporary translation of the poem into old French. It was printed by Beaugendre from a MS. of S. Victor and reprinted by Beckmann. The fullest account of the old French translation, with the corresponding lapi- daries of Modena, Berne, and Cambridge and other similar works, is that by Leopold Pannier. There is an edition of the poems, with a trans- lation into modern French, and an introduction about the author by Sigismond Ropartz, Rennes (1873), 8°, pp. 227 (the 'Lapidarium,' pp. 141- 207). What amounts to a translation into Spanish is found in a MS. in the British Museum, from which it was edited by Karl Vollmoller : Ein Spanisches Steinbuch, Heilbronn, 1880, 8°, pp. vi. 34. The Danish translation was made by Molbech, and that into English by King, printed in the appendix to his work on antique gems. The poem under the title of ' ' Lapidarium " is often quoted and whole passages are transferred or copied by Vincent de Beauvais, Speculum Natitrale, Lib. ix., and by Bartholomew Glanville, De Fro- prietatibus rertim, Lib. xvi., and it is also a source used in the Liber Aggregations attributed to Albertus Magnus. One of the questions connected with this work is whether it is by Marbodus or by an Arab called Evax. It has arisen because the poem opens with an allusion to a person of that name. Lessing (ii. p. 139) does not see why Evax should not have written a work on precious stones, or why Mar- bodus should have said that his poem was extracted from Evax's work, if it were not so. Reinesius thinks Marbodus made himself the interpreter of Evax. See also Beckmann's notes in his edition, 1799, pp. 1-5. In the Histoire Litdrairc de la France, there is a sustained discussion about the authorship of the poem. Dom Rivet in 1735 at first argued against the probability of Mar- bodus the bishop being the author, but in a later article he seems to have assigned it to him after all. The author of the article on Marbodus in a subse- quent volume criticises and refutes D. Rivet's views and on the whole decides in favour of the bishop, though he admits that the question is not absolutely settled. According to D. Rivet (ii. p. 338) only two MSS. have the name of Marbodus. In a MS. on vellum (about 1380) in my possession (which I do not suppose is one of these two) there are at the end three lines marked ' Marbod' re- donSsis eps,' and the Colophon runs : " Explicit liber Marbodi eps redonSsis natura lapidS An. J. C. M. viij. xij." The lines occur in the 1524 edition without any heading ; they are entitled 'jMarbodei epilogus' in Pictorius' edition, 1531, f. 54; in the present edition, Epilogus, f. 76 verso; in Rantzovius' of 1585 they are called 'Conclusio operis,' and in Beckmann's they form part of what is termed 'Epilogus.' MARBODAEUS—MARENGUS 75 MARBODAEUS. Continued. According to Beaugendre ( Venerabilis Hilde- berti primo Cenomanensis Episcopi . . . Opera . . . accesservnt Marbodi Redonensis episcopi . . . opuscula, Paris, 1708, fol., cols. 1379-80) the author is Marbodus Andegavensis, the bishop, and he Macri de Materia inedica Libri V. versib-us con- scripti, ed. Cornarius, Francofurti, 1540. (The poem : De naturis lapidum liber, forms Liber V. tf. 97 verso to 132 recto and the author's name is spelled ' Marboldus.') Wolfgang Jobst ( Justus), Chronologia sive Tetn- porum supputatio omnium illnstrium medicorum, Francophorti ad Viadmm, 1550, p. 75. ('Evax Rex Arabum ' in the time of Nero, noticed by Suidas and Symphorianus Campegius). Bale, Scriptorum . . . Brytannice Catalogus, Basil. , 1557, Cent. ii. p. 154 (calls him ' Marbodus Euan x, Brytannus, ex Cambria'). Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, ' Historiae Poetarum DialogusQuintus," Opera Omnia,i$8o,p. 223, No. 30. Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Simler, 1583, pp. 467 (Marbodus), 501 (Merboldus). Antouius Possevinus, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, ii. P- 53- Sixtus Senensis, Hibliotheca sancta, 1610, lib. 4, p. 274 (calls him Marbadus). Pits, ' De Illustribus Britanniae Scriptoi ibus,' in Relationes Historic^ de Rebus Anglicis, Paris, 1619, p. 185. Gerardus Joannes Vossius, De Historicis Latinls libri III. , 1651, lib. 2, c. 44, p. 372. Reinesius, Defensio rariarum lectionum, 1653, p. 76. G. J. Yossius, DC I'etcntm Poetarum Tempori- bus Libri II., 1654, ' De poetis Latinis.'c. vi. p. 72. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 505. Conring, In Univenam artem Medicam . . . Introductio^ 1687, p. 93 (Evax). Du Pin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Auteurs Ecclesiastiques, 1697, ix. p. 159. Du Pin, A new Ecclesiastical History, 1698, x. p. 15°- Ada Eruditorum, 1709, p. 145. Fabricius, Bibliolheca Latina, 1712, i. pp. 719 (1524 edition), 869 ('do lapidibus') (the author is put under various names, Marbodeus, Merbodeus, Merboldus, Merobaudes) ; 1721, ii. pp. 308-313 (list of his works) ; 880-881 (' Carmen de Gemmis '). Polycarp Leyser, Historia Poetarum et Poem- ntum Medii Aevi, Halre Magd. , 1721, pp. 368-70. Heumann, Poecile, 1722, I. lib. ii. n. xi. pp. 266- 272 (' Emendatio Sententiarum Marbodi'). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1728, xiv. p. 118 (list of references in Vincent de Beauvais' Speculum Naturale to the book ' de Lapidibus,' which passes under the name of Evax). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectz metallicce, 1732, p. 98. Histotre Littraire de la France, 1735, ii. pp. 335- expresses some surprise at MoreYi calling him M. Cenomanensis. But Beaugendre either did not know or had forgotten that in Alard's present edition he is actually so entitled. 340 (article by Dom Rivet); 1867, Avert. Ivij. , vii. p. 134 ; 1868, x. pp. 343-392- Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infima /Etatis, 1736, v. pp. 45-56 ; iii. p. 761. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, 1751, iii. col. 134; Rolermund'sFortsefzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 641. (They draw a distinction between Marbodaeus and Marbodus.) MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnairt historique, Amsterd., 1759, vii. p. 190. Mailer, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1776, i. p. 429 ( ' de gemmis '). Lessing, Kollektaneen, 1790, under Edelsteine, i. p. 203 ; Evax, i. p. 226 ; Marbodus, ii. p. 137. Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1800, viii. p. 244, Xo. i (Marbodus, Hymtii, Rhedonis, 1524, 4 ) ; p. 149, No. 2077 (Marbodaeus, De lapidibus, \Vechel, 1531) ; 1801, ix. p. 7, No. 35 (Viennae, 1511, 8°); p. 152, No. 456 (without place, 1531). Chaudon et Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaiie Historique, Lyon, An xii.-i8o4, vii. p. 592. Biographie Universelle, artcienne et moderne, Paris, 1820, xxvi. p. 568; n.d., xxvi. p. 424 (by Weiss). Morwitz, Geschichte dcr Medicin, 1848, i. p. 175 ; 1849, ii. p. 105 (list of editions). Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, Konigsberg, 1856, iii. p. 539. Gallia Christiana, Pans, 1856, xiv. col. 746. Nouvelle Biographie Ge"nZiotAeecame a physician, and in this way was able to give them the benefit of his skill and of his fortune. He founded schools and hospitals at Rennes, Dinan, and other places, and even in Paris, where he established the refuges of Saint Saviour and Saint Bennet. His life was devoted to charitable objects, and the number of institutions he created was so great that it is difficult to under- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 353. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 628. Les Epoux Charitables, mi Vie du Comte et de la Comtessc de Lagaraye, 1782, 8°. De La Bastie, 6veque de Saint Malo, Memoires ur la vie et les vertns du comte de La Garaye, 1786. Gme\\n,GeschichtederChemie,i.j<)%, ii. pp. 359, 520. Fuchs, Rcpertoritim der chemischtn Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 285. Biographie Universclle, 1819, xxiii. p. 144 ; n.d, xxii. p. 514 (calls him Lagaraye). stand how he could afford it. He was a diligent chemist, and devised methods for extracting a number of principles from plants, as from Peruvian bark, the extract from which was known as the essential salt of Garaye. He devised a rapid method for making black oxide of iron, and pre- pared an ammoniacal chloride of mercury called 'Tinctura mercurialis, ' and wrote Recueil alpha- bMque des pronostics dangereux et mortels sur les di/erentes maladies des homines, pour servir a MM. les cures et autres, Paris, 1736, 18° ; 1770, 18°. He died 2 July, 1755. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), iv. p. 333 (article by Jourdan). QueYard, La France littirairc, 1832, iv. p. 423. Journal des Savants, Nov. 1858, p. 706 (article by Chevreul). Moniteur du 16 Janvier, 1859 (article by Paul Pougin). Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1861 , xxviii. col. 814. Poggendorff1, Biographisch-Hterarisches Hand- , 1863, i. No. 1341. MAROT—MARSCIANO 79 MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte De La Garaye. Continued. J. Marie Peigne\ Le Comte Marot de la Garaye, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique del Sciences Medi- etude biographique, Paris, 1864, 8°, pp. vii. [i cales, 4eme S£rie, 1880, vi. p. 718. blank] 60. (Chemistry, pp. 47-53.) Hirsch, Biographisc/tes Lexikon der hervorra- "L&AraL^ittBibli(>tMqueOHvarq/,Sciences Secretes, genden Aertze, 1885, ii. p. 492. 1870, No. 1380. MARROW of Alchymy. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHiLOPONUs), Kern der Alchymie, 1685. MARS. Die mit dem Marte genau vereinigte Venus. See TRACT ATUS Physico-Chymicus, 1706. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectc metallic^, 1732, p. 98 (Rostock, 1706, 8*). MARSCHALCK QOHANN). See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Novum Laboratorium, 1677. The translator and the translation are just men- Rotermund simply refers to Jocher and has nothing tioned by Jiicher, but no account of him is forth- of his own to add. coming, except that he was a physician, and Jocher, Allgemeines Geh-hrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 206 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen, 1813, iv. col. 785. MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE). Clavis Arcis Hermetis Epistolae Tres Responsoriae Comitis Francisci Onuphrii de Marsciano Authoris ad Comitem Caesarem de Kulmiski a praedicto con- scriptae, quas Responsorias Epistolas idem Comes de Kulmiski pro hujus Sacrae Hermeticae Scientiae Inquisitorum eruditione propriis sumptibus typis edi curavit, Anno Salutis 1743, in gratiam Filiorum Artis. Ac sub Auspiciis Illustrissimi Domini, Domini Baronis Caroli Matthaei De Rechpach, Domini in Mederndorf, Neuhaufs, & Drassing, & caet. Sacrae Majestatis Reginae Ungariae, Bohemiae, & caet. Consiliarij Provincialis, nee non Inclytae Provinciae Carinthiae Deputati Actualis, exhibitas, dicavit. Isai. cap. 45 vers. 3. Et dabo tibi thesauros absconditos, & arcana secretorum: Etenim Eccl. cap. 20. 32. Sapientia abscondita, & thesaurus invisus, quae utilitas in utrisque ? Unde Job. cap. 28. Et non dabitur aurum obrizum pro ea, nee adaequabitur ei aurum neque conferetur Indiae Tincturis. Eccl. cap. i. & Prov. cap. 4. Viam ergo Sapientiae monstrabo tibi, & ducam te per semitas rectas. Cum permissu Superiorum. Coloniae. 4°. Pp. 134 [a]. Small woodcuts in the text. The epistles are dated Casciovine, 1739, 1740, and 1741 respectively. On the fly-leaf is the following MS. note : Der V. hat dieses Werk 1764, in Wien dem beriichtigten Herman Fictuld eigen- handig iibergeben ist auch bald darauf gestorben. Jm Maimonat 1773 h^06 cs vom Fictuld (defsen eigentlicher Namen Mumen thaler ware) zu Langenthal als seinem Geburths Ort erhandelt. N.B. — Fictuld hat mir ein ehrlicher mafi geschienen da/umahl 74 Jahr alt, er hat viel gereiset und viel erfahrn aber er war gewifs kein Adeptus. Er hat zuerst in liothequeOuvaroff,SciencesSecrltes, mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iii. 1870, Nos. 1389-90. cols. 788-89. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 233. Lux Hermetica Clarificata, seu Circulus Quadratus sapientum, Opus Her- meticum de Vero, ac Probato Lapide Philosophico. Comite Francisco Onuphrio de Marsciano Authore. Sub Gloriosis Auspiciis Illustrissimi, ac Excellentissimi Domini, Domini Joannis Antonii Crotta, Patritii Veneti Meri- tissimi exhibitum. Paul. i. ad Cor. Oculus non vidit, nee auris audivit similia. Apocalyps. cap. 10. 9. Accipe ergo, & comede hunc librum, & erit in ore tuo tanquam mel dulce: scilicet lege, & pasce te hac dulcissima Doctrina Ezech. cap. 3. Et felicissimus eris in orbe, si verb EccL documenta cap. 2 1 . observaveris vers. 2. ubi dicit : Quasi a facie colubri fuge peccatum, & caet. Quapropter inde quid erit? r. Reg. cap. 14. vers. 13. Gustans gustavi paululum mellis : & ecce morior. Unde fac, lit Prov. 3. vers. 17. &•<:. si felix esse cupias. ] Typis Joan. Frid. Kleinmayr, In [ ] Typ. 1742. 4°. Pp. 284 [4]. Woodcuts in the text. Out of the title-page has been cut the name of the place. Der unterwiesene Anfanger in der Chymie Hermetisches Sendschreiben von Comite Francisco Onuphrio de Marsciano an seinen auservvehlten Schtiler in der Kunst iiberschicket. Anno 1744. zu Coin auf Kosten dieses seines Schiilers gedrucket zum Nutzen derer Liebhaber der Chymie. Die Geheimnusse der Kunst und von niemand bifshero erklarte wunderwiirdige Dinge. Darum Job cap. 28. v. 17. Es wird ihm das Gold nicht gleich geachtet werden, und goldene Geschirr werden daflir nicht vertauschet werden. Wienn, bey Joh. Paul Kraufs, nachst der Kaiserl. Konigl. Burg. 1751. 8°. Pp. [112] 176. Title red and black ; nine woodcuts in the text. This copy wants pp. 177-182 [2 blank], containing advertisements of chemical books. [Another Copy, 1752.] 8°. Pp. [112] 176; 177-182 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Nine woodouts in the text. This is identical with the preceding except that the date is altered. This copy has the six pages of advertisements and the two blank pages. Auszug aus des Grafen Francisci Onuphrii de Marsciano Schriften. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C, 1779, iv. p. 202. MARSILIUS—MARTIUS 81 MARSILIUS FICINUS. See FICINUS (MARSILIUS). MARTINI (GREGORIUS). Commentatiuncula in libri qui inscribitur de Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Caput XI. Quod est de principiis Chymi- corum. Tractationem quaestionis : an sal sulphur & mercurius sint prima perfecte mixta, & reliquorum perfect^ mixtorum principia : novam perque utilem continens. Autore Gregorio Martini, Suibus. Sil. Doct. & Ducatus VVolavici in ejus Mesopoli, quae est Steinovia ad Oderam, Physico. Francofurti ad Oderam. Typis Friderici Hartmanni, M.DC.XXI. Impensis Martini Guets Bibliopolae. 8°. Pp. [12] 243 [i blank]. This is a commentary on the work of Sennertus, The book is mentioned by Mercklin, Manget, published in 1619. The author calls himself and Gnielin, but nothing is said about the author. Martinius, and apparently also Martini, and by others is styled Martinus, and Martini. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi. 1637, p. 183. col. 228 (merely quotes the book). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 363. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 595. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 270. MARTINIERE ( DE LA). Tombeau de la Folie. Dans lequel se void les plus fortes raisons que 1'on puisse apporter pour fair connoitre la realitd & la possibilite de la Pierre Philosophale, & d'autres raisons & experiences qui en font voir Tabus & rimpossibilite. Par le S De La Martiniere, Medecin & Operateur ordin. du Roy. A Paris, Chez 1'Auteur rue de la Coutellerie au grand Dauphin Royal. Avec Privilege Du Roy. 12°. Pp. [12] 128. Portrait on the verso of the title. Haller quotes two books by a De la Martiniere : Jacob quotes it under a different title : Le L Empirique charitable, Rouen, 1664, 1667, 12° ; Chymique inconnu, ou I Imposture de la Pierre and Traite de la maladie venerienne, Paris, 1664, philosophale, Paris, about 1660, 12°. 1684, 16°. He calls the author : Chemista, chir- According to his portrait he was born at Paris, urgus, peregrinator. It is possible that he was the 24 Feb., 1634, and at the age of twenty-eight began author also of the present work. Haller, however, to write his books on medicine, does not mention it. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie P. L. Jacob, Curiosith des Sciences Occultes, HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 231. 1862, p. 84. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii. P- IS*- MARTINUS DE DELLE. See ALIPULI. See DELLE (MARTINUS DE). In addition to the passages quoted in the Peg- In the list of manuscripts proposed in 1735 by fever horn De Belle's poem, reference may be made Augustinus Crusius of Erfurt to be printed, there to a few lines repeated by Petraeus with which De is one: ' Rarissimum Particulare,' by Martinus de Delle concludes his review of the questionable Belle. This may possibly be a misprint for de practices of the would-be adepts. Petraeus styles Delle. The list is contained in Abraham Eleazar"s him ' pious,' and Kammer-Diener of the Emperor 'Werck,1 1735, 2nd edition. Rudolph. Fr. Basilii Valentini , . . Chymische ScAri/fen. ed. Petraeus. 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. cs recto. MARTIUS (JOHANN NlKOLAUS). Unterricht in der Natiirlichen Magie. See WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN), Die Natiirliche Magie, 1782. II. F 82 MA R Tl US— MA UGIN MARTIUS (JOHANN NIKOLAUS). Continued. Rotermund tells us that Martius was a celebrated medical practitioner at Brunswick who wrote the above book in Latin : De magia naturali ejusque usu medico ad magice et magica curandum, Lips., Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. pp. 298, 421. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 713. 1715,4°; 3rd ed., Ibid. 1717,8°. The above was a thoroughly revised edition. Haller quotes edi- tions : Erford., 1700; 1705, 4°; Lips., 1715, 4°. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und F.rganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 884. MATHEW (RICHARD). The Unlearned Alchymist His Antidote : Or, A more full and ample Explana- tion of the Use, Virtue and Benefit of my Pill, Entituled, An effectual whereunto is added' Sund^ Cures and Experiences, with particular direction unto particular Diseases and Distempers. Also, Sundry plain and easie Receits, which the Ingenuous may prepare for their own health. By Richard Mathew, and are to be had at his house by the Lyons Den at the Tower, next Gate to the By Ward. London, Printed for Joseph Leigh, at the upper end of Bazing-hall-street, near the Naggs-head Tavern, 1662. 8°. Pp. [16] 192. This book has two title-pages, which coincide exactly except that the second has after "Tavern " the additional words : ' ' and are there to be sold together with this Pill, 1662." There was a previous edition of 1660. The virtues of the pill are set forth in the narra- tives of the cures which it effected. The narratives are very much in the style of his contemporaries, Christopher Packe's, Dickinson's, Winter's, and of other vendors of secret specifics, both then and now. The accounts given are curious, and historically interesting, from the side lights thrown on the manners and customs of the times. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 140. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 267. It is not said, however, that it was possibly this pill which was the cause of the death of Dr. Isaac Barrow. But Mathew had also to pay the penalty of every inventor ; his claim to the discovery was contested by Starkey, who wrote a tract upon it, and referred also to the subject in his chapter on ' Oil of Sulphur,' in the COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 149 (q.v. ). The edition cited by Haller has the date 1663, and another tract by Mathew mentioned by Haller is : A pretious pearl in the midst of a dunghill, London, 1663, 8°. John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempor- aries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, i. p. 91. MATTH^US (JOANNES). Enodatio qusestionis : an armor um unguentum, ad curanda vulnera, nee visa nee tractata aliquid conferat ? See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 573. Though the above is not included in the list of his works which I have seen, the author is the person distinguished as Johann Matthaus, or Matthai Hessus. He was the eighth son of Conrad Matthaus, professor of history and rhetoric at Marburg. He was born there 15 March, 1563, he was doctor and professor of medicine at Herborn from 1607, Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 519. Caspar Burman, Traiectum eruditum, 1750, p. 214. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. private physician 01 the Count of Nassau, and wrote some books on medical topics. Among these was a treatise on the hot springs at Baden, Hanau, 1608, 8°; 'Speculum sanitatis," ' Hortulus medicus'; ' Tractatus de febre pestilentiali' ; ' Centuria difficultatum medicarum, practice im- primis necessariarum,1 1616. He died at Marburg in 1621. col. 287 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 974. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessisclien Gelehrten und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1788, viii. p. 253. MAUGIN DE RICHEBOURG QEAN). See RICHEBOURG (JEAN MAUGIN DE). MAULIUS—MAURER 83 MAULIUS (JOHANNES PHILIPPUS). Griindliche Beschreibung des hochsten Kleinods der Welt -in Geistlichen und Leiblichen, vorgestellet in vier erbaulichen und Christlichen Gesprachen vom Gold von Mitternacht, darinnen von der hochsten Medicin und Stein der Weisen, und also den allerniitzlichsten Materien in der Gottlichen und Natiir- lichen Weifsheit, nach der heil. Schrifft, Natur, und Erfahrung nachdriicklich gehandelt wird. Gott zu Ehren und dem Nechsten zum besten heraus gegeben von loh. Phil. Maulio, M.D. Konigl. Preufs. Brunnen-Medico, Consule Lunensi &c. Gotha, Bey Jacob Mevio, An. 1714. 8°. Pp. [68] 1264 [2]. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Engraved frontispiece on two pages included in the pagination. P. 1155: Prodromus Jobi Chymici, Authore Job. Philippo Maullio, . . . Anno MDCCVIII. This book seems to have been originally issued with another title-page, which is added on at the very end of the present volume : "pBSMfl 2!"5T sive Medicina Theologica, Chymico-Irenica, & Christiano-Cabba- listica, Vorgestellt in der Ersten Continuation Curioser und Erbaulicher Gesprache Vom Gold von Mitternacht oder von der Hochsten Medicin, Darinnen gezeiget wird, wie diselbe in der Heiligen Schrifft, nach dem Grundtext, zu finden ; Und dafs die Vergleichung der Geistlichen, und Leiblichen Hochsten Medicin, die rechte Cabbala der Alien, oder ware Chimie seye ; Auch dafs nach diser erkanten Einhelligkeit, die Entscheidung der Theologischen Controversien, insonderheit die wiirckliche Einigkeit der beyden Evangelischen Religionen, unpartheyisch zu ersehen seye, von Joh. Philippo Maullio, St. Goarino, Med. Doctore, und Practico zu Liinen in Westphalen, auch Ihrer Konigl. May. in Preussen Medico, bey denen Neuen Mineralischen Wassern, und Gesundsheits-Brunnen, zu Schwelm in der Grafschafft Marck. Anno MDCCIX. Wesel zu finden Bey Jacobus von Wesel, Buchhandler daselbst. The book with this title and date 1709 is referred because he appears as the author of a dissertation : to by Kopp. In the Ouvaroff Catalogue the title- De abortu, Leyden, 1686, 4°, quoted by Haller, page is given, but the date is 1713, and only 56 practised at Liinen in Westphalia, was physician preliminary pages are quoted. The present title- of the king of Prussia, at the then newly-discovered page of 1714 is not referred to. mineral springs at Schwelm in the Marck. Upon There is no information about the author's these he wrote a treatise : Von Schwelmer Sauer biography except what he himself says. He be- brunnen, 1706, referred to by Gmelin. longed to St. Goar, was M. D. possibly of Leyden, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica:, Kortum verteidiget die Alchimit, 1789, p. 46. 1732, p. 99. Gmelin, Gcschichte der CAcmie, 1798, ii. p. 781. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i., p. no (gives Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences the date as 1713). Secretes, 1870, No. 1639 (gives the 1709 title, but Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. the date 1713). p. 8. Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 391. MAURER. See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen Kunst ? MAURER (FELIX). Observationes Curioso-Physicse, oder besondere Remarques und Anmerckungen der geheimen und grossen Wunder der Welt in natiirlichen Sachen, welche sowol, am Himmel, in der Lufft, Feuer, Wasser, auf und in der Erde, an Menschen, Thieren, Gewachsen u.d.g. sich erzeiget, aus der erfahrensten Physicorum und Natur- Verstandigen Schrifften herausgezogen, und iiber die curieusesten Materien der natiirlichen Wissenschafften gestellet von Felix Maurer Physico & Medico. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Bey Johann Leon- hard Buggeln, Buchhandlern in Niirnberg. 1713. 8°. Pp. [32] 1039. Index [17]. Title printed across two pages. Folding plate of natural wonders. All that Rotermund can tell us is that the AllgemeinesGelehrten-Lexicon; Rotermund's Fort- present author was a doctor of medicine and a setzung und Erkl&rungen, 1813, iv. col. 1030. 'physikus,' and wrote the above book. Jocher, - 84 MA YER—MEDICINISCH MAYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). See MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). MAYER (LUDWIG CASPAR). See KIRCHMAIER (GEORG CASPAR), Metallo-Metamorphosis, 1693. MAYER (MICHAEL). See MAIER (MICHAEL). MEDIC AMENTIS (De) Universalibus Dissertatio. Without place, date, and printer's name. See PANTALEON, Disceptatio de lapide Physico, 1678. MEDICAMENTORUM (De) Dosibus Index omnium, qui hactenus prodierint longe locupletissimus. Bononise, M DCC XLV. Ex Typographia Dominici Guidotti, & Jacob! Mellini. Superiorum Permissu. 4°. Pp. 244 [2] 2 blank. MEDICES (CHRISTIAN DE). Concursus Philosophorum, das ist griindlich-wahrhafftig- und einfaltige Beschrei- bung und Philosophische Zusammenstimmung, welcher gestalt die lieben Alten das grofse Geheimniifs vom Stein der Weisen zu wercke gerichtet und hinterlassen, auch wie noch heutiges Tages, auch andachtiges Beten, fleifsiges Lesen, und wohlgefafsten Grund, solch hohes Mysterium zu erlangen und zu bekommen seye. Aus treuhertzigem Wohlmeynen den Meinigen, und alien Gottliebenden Nachforschern, zu einer unfehlbaren Richtschnur und Unterricht auffgesetzet durch den Wohlgebohrnen Herrn, Hn. Christian de Medices, Freyherrn von Scharfenstein, Herrn zum Rosenthal und Silbersdorff &c. Und zum offentlichen Druck befordert durch Lt. Johanne Friederico Brebifs, der Zeit Hoch-Furstl. Brandenburg. Culmbach. Physicato Adjuncto der Stadt und sechs Aemter Wohnsiedel. Jena, In Verlegung Johann Bielckens, 1706. 8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 768. Title red and black. This is a collection of passages from various authorities systematically arranged so as to elucidate different questions connected with transmutation. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic L.a.&ra.g\\e,Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes, Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 232. 1870, No. 1332. MEDICINISCHE Betrachtung iiber Alchymistische Medicinen, worinnen durch Analysirung vieler Arbeiten der angeriihmtesten alchymistischen Authoren erwiesen wird, dafs alle Partikular- sowohl als Universal-medicin der Philo- sophen nichts sey, als Sal Metallorum est Lapis Phylosophorum. Wien 1792 in der Zierchischen Buchhandlung im deutschen Hause. 8°. Pp. [18] 53 [i blank]. MEDICINISCH- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum darinnen man nicht nur alle Zeichen und Abkiirzungen welche so wohl in den Recepten und Biichern der Aerzte und Apothecker als auch in den Schrifften der Chemisten und Alchemisten vorkommen findet sondern deme auch ein sehr rares MEDICINISCH—MEERHEIM 85 MEDICINISCHE- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum. Continued. Chymisches Manuscript eines gewissen Reichs * * * beygefuget Ulm un Memmingen 1755 in der Gaumischen Handlung 8°. Pp. [6] 72 [2 blank]. Symbols. 2 woodcuts. P. 41: Geheimnifs aller Geheimnisse oder Clavis Sapientiae omnium Philosophorum et Adeptorum in einem guldenen Kleinod und Compendio Veritatis Philosophico aus einem uralten Manuscript von Anno 1300. mitgetheilet und ans Licht gestellet. M DCC LV. MEDIOLANUM. Antidotarium Mediolanense. See PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS Galenico-Chymicus, 1698. MEDULLA Alchymiae Veteris. See HORN (GEORG). For alchemical books called Medulla, see Kopp, Die Alchetnie, 1886, ii. p. 347. MEDULLA Destillatoria et Medica. See KHUNRATH (CONRAD), Lipsiensis. MEERHEIM (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Discurs Curioser Sachen, insonderheit Hermetisch-Philosophischer Physicalisch- Medicinischer und anderer Wissenschafften, im Monath Januario 1708. Heraufsgegeben von Johann Gottfried Meerheim, Eq. Arc. Cr. Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Heinichens Wittwe. 8°. Pp. 79 [i]. Discurs . . . im Monath Februario 1708. Herausgegeben von J. G. M. E. A. C. Leipzig . . . 8°. Pp. 72 (misprinted 27). Theosophischer Discurs von denen tribus Partibus Essentialibus zu Ergantzung des Discurses Im Monath Februario 1708. Versprochener massen heraus- gegeben von J. G. M. E. A. C. Leipzig . . . 8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. [Another Copy of the January number.] There were also numbers in March and April, after which apparently it ceased. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 325. ffermdlique, 1742, iii. p. 233. MEERHEIM (PAUL WILHEM VON). Paul Wilhem von Meerheim eines Obersachsischen Chymici glucklich vollfuhrte Reise-Beschreibung nach denen unbekannten Ost- und Siidwerts gelegenen Indianischen Insuln, von wannen derselbe nebst seinen Cameraden glucklich und zur grosten Freude seiner Freunde retourniret ist, vielen zum Vernugen begannt gemachet. Erlangen und Leipzig, 1753. Zu finden in dem Miillerischen Buchladen. 8°. Pp. 56. This journey is an allegory of the search for the stone. 86 MEGISERUS—MEISNER MEGISERUS (HiERONYMUs). See ARNALDUS de Villanova, Opera, 1603. Saxony called him to Leipzig to be extraordinary professor of history. In 1605 he undertook the establishment of a school at Gera, on a new plan. In 1609 he was recalled to Leipzig, and three years later settled at Linz in Upper Austria, where he died in 1616 or 1618. Megiserus was a man of immense acquirements, especially in history, geography, and languages. His numerous and laborious books are entirely connected with these subjects, and lists are given by Rotermund and Elze. The only contribution to Alchemy which he made, so far as I know, is the present collection of tracts by Arnaldus. Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxiv. col. 722. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1885, xxi. p. 183 (article by Th. Elze). Kopp, Die Alckemie, 1886, ii. p. 335. Megiserus was born at Stuttgart in 1553, where his father was conrector of the gymnasium, studied at Tubingen under Frischlin, and took his master's degree in 1577. In 1582 he went to Padua to study jurisprudence, and in 1584-88 he returned as tutor with some young noblemen. In 1588-89 he travelled in Italy and visited Malta, and in subsequent years he travelled in Germany, Holland, and England. In 1590-91 he was living at Graz in Styria and was nominated Historiographer by Archduke Charles. From 1592 to 1598 he was rector of the gymnasium at Klagenfurth, but at the end of that time he had to retire on account of the Jesuits, and went to Frankfurt on the Main. In 1603 the Elector of Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 1616 ; Sig. N4, recto. (Witte calls him Megisterus. ) Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 356 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- tingen, 1813, iv. col. 1188. Biographie Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 115 ; n.d. xxvii. p. 503 (article by Weiss). MEHUN. See JEAN DE MEHUN. MEINSTOOF. See FURSTLICHE ROSE (Die) von Jericho. MEISNER (LORENTZ). Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum. Oder Erleuterung der Parabolischen und Philosophischen Schrifften Fratris Basilij, der zwolff Schlussel, von dem Stein der vhralten Weisen, vnd desselben aufsdrucklichen vnnd warhafften prepara- tion. Sampt etlichen feinen Particularen. Durch, Laurentium Meisnerum Chirurgum, Eschvvegiensem Hassum. Item, Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilij, von der Materia des Steins der Philosophen, Gefertiget durch Conrad Schulern. Eifsleben. Mit Rom. Keys. May. Freyheit. Anno M.DC.VIII. 8°. No pp. Sigs. A-G in eights ( = 111, i blank), a-e in eights (=77, 3 blank). Title red and black. 5 woodcuts. e-j recto, Colophon: Gedruckt zu Eifsleben, Durch Jacobum Gaubisch. In vorlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhandl. in Leipzig, Anno M.DC.VIII. Schiller's tract has a separate title included in the foliation (aj), as follows : Griindliche Aufslegung vnd warhafftige Erklerung der Rythmorum Fratris Basilii Valentini Monachi. Vonn der Materia, jhrer Geburt, Alter, Farb, Qualitet vfl Namen, des grossen Steins der Vhralten Philosophen. Gefertiget durch, Conrad Schulern, Furstlichen Wurtembergischen Obern Rath zu Stuttgart. Ad Momum ha ha he. Rides me ? Magis rideo te. Spernis me ? Magis sperno te. Lachestu mein ? Viel mehr ich dein. Haltestu dann auch nichts von mir, Viel weniger halt ich von dir. Anno M.DC.VIII. Gmelin states that Schiller was author also of 'Artis tractatus,' Cassel, 1612, 8°; ' Collatio plus- quam Aurea Comitis Bernard! Trevisani, de Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 518. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen &u . . . Jdcher's Allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1813, iv. col. 1279. miraculo Chimico sive de Lapide Philosophico, ' 1616. See SCHULER (CONRAD). Meisner and this book are just mentioned by Rotermund. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 208. \jsAr3.gu&,Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 990-991. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 373. MEISTERSTUK—MENNENS 87 MEISTERSTUK der koniglichen Kunst. See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen Kunst ? MELCHIOR, Episcopus Brixiensis. Ein Philosophisches Werck und Gesprach von dem Gelben und Rotten Man. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 177. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 299. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 296. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 299. MELVOLODEMET (FRANCISCUS SEBASTIANUS FULVUS), Pisanus. Non plus ultra Veritatis, Untersuchung der hermetischen Wissenschaft. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, p. 556. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 269. MEMORIA che serve d' Introduzione alia Riforma del Catalogo de' Medicamenti della Spezieria dello Spedal Maggiore di Brescia scritta dalla Medica Deputa- zione per ordine dell' Illustriss. Presidenza di detto pio luogo. In Brescia M DCC XCIV. Dalla Stamperia Locatelli con permissione. 8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. MENAPIUS (F G ). See 'AvTiK/Dwris ad Responsum Florentini de Valentia, 1618. Copia Literarum. See FORTALITIUM scrENTi^;, 1617, 1618. Murr, Uber den waAtcn Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 36, 46. MENNENS (GUILIELMUS). Aurei velleris libri tres. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 240. Munnens, son of Willem Mennens and Mechteld Bellerum, 1604, 4°. He died at Antwerp, 28 Dec., van Doorne, was born at Antwerp in 1525. He 1608, and was buried in the church of St. James, pursued poetry, natural history, theology, medi- and left a son, Franciscus. cine, and chemistry, and was a 'searcher for the Of his book Paquot says 'it is an allegorical, blessed stone.' He edited the poems of Adrianus symbolical, physical, chemical and alchemical Scorelius, and wrote the above work : De Aureo history of Gideon and Jason, or, if you will, a heap Vellere, sive Sacrae Philosophiae, Naturae & Artis of visions.' admirabilium libri iii. Antverpiae apud Gasp. Franciscus Sweertius, Athena Belgica, 1628, p. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 315. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 56, 233. Paquot, Mtmoires, ii. pp. 671, 672. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, col. 437. 1637, p. 189. Kloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine, Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643, p. 1778, iii. p. 266. 329. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 157. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 69. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 531, Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 50. 532. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatits, 1686, p. 381. 1806-08, p. ico (misnames him Meneus). Wittc, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 28 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. Dec. 1608 ; sig. F 4 verso. 360. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 1697, p. 33, No. 1. Nederlanden, 1869, xii. p. 593. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Ladrague.lj Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences 1731, II. i. p. 299. Secretes, 1870, No. 986. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 415. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244. MENNI—MENTZEL MENNI QOHANN HEINRICH). See TILEMANN ( ), Lapis Ignis Basilij, das ist : Guldiner Apffel . . ., 1666. Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic redivivum, quo Franciscus Antonius mira morbos Hermttique, 1742, p. 233) does not quote this, curando praestabat, Francof., no date, 8°. but another tract by Menni : Aurum potabile, Menni seems to have been the editor of Tile- mann's tract. MENSENRIET. D. Mensenriet. Vrim & Thumim Moysis welches Aaron im Amts-Schildlein getragen Feuer-bleibendes Wasser der Maccabaeorum aus dem allgewaltigen grossen Buch der Natur hervor gebracht, und Sonnen-klar an das Tage- Liecht gegeben, durch die ohnbekandten Ritter der streitbahren Insul Colchon. Philosophisches Hermetisches Kleinod, d. i. Ein hellbrennendes Feuer und Mercurialisches-Licht der Weisen, das in der Finstere leuchtet, die rechte Anima der Metallen, das Principium movens, die rechte Forma der Metallen, der rechte Sulphur &c. wodurch alles gezeiget wird. Virtutes Alchimize Artificialis, d. i. Anima Animae maximae, vel Forma Metallorum & Mineralium & essentialis ignis generativis (sic), ein Funcklein Dei, Salomon nennet es, eine Flamme des Herrn, so nimmer verloschet. Niirnberg, bey Joh. Friedrich Riidiger, 1737. 8°. Pp. 96. Fictuld calls the author Doctor Mensenried, and Ladrague puts Mensenriet as the author, quotes this book, which he condemns, while he In the British Museum Catalogue there is no admits that he knows nothing of the author. reference to Mensenriet, and I have not discovered The author of the Beytrag includes the book in any other heading under which the book might his catalogue, but takes no notice of Mensenriet have been entered, and does not speak of the author. Nor is it included by Graesse in the Trdsor. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 94. Ladrague, BibliothtqueOuvaroff Sciences Secretes, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1870, No. 1371. p. 665. MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN). Lapis Bononiensis in obscuro lucens, collatus cum Phosphoro Hermetico clariss. Christiani Adolphi Balduini, cognomine Hermetis, &c. nuper edito, et cunctis naturae indagatoribus ulterioris scrutinii ergo exhibitus a Christiano Mentzelio, D. Sereniss. Elect. Brandenb. Consil. & Archiatro S. R. Imp. Acad. Naturae Curiosor. Collega. Bilefeldiae, Sumtibus Auctoris. Typis lusti Trenckeneri. M.DC.LXXV. 12°. Pp. [42] 77 [ij. 2 plates. Christian Mentzel was born at Fiirstenwald in the to retire into private life. He carried on a ' Mittelmarck,' where his father was burgomaster, voluminous correspondence, even with friends in 15 (22) June, 1622. He studied at Frankfurt on India, and he was considered the best Chinese the Oder, and at Konigsberg, accompanied the scholar in Europe of his time. He died at Berlin, Brandenburg ambassador to Warsaw in 1647, and 17 Jan., 1701, in his 79th year. He was a member afterwards spent a year at Danzig. In 1650 he of the Leopoldine Academy, admitted 18 Feb., started to travel, and by Hamburg went to Holland, 1675, with the name ' Apollo.' Italy, the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, His writings refer principally to botany, and and Candia, and in 1654 was at length at Padua, include a polyglot dictionary of botanical terms, where he took the degree of doctor. When he and he compiled also a chronology of all the returned home he accompanied the Churftirst, Chinese kings. Frederick William, as travelling physician to the Besides the above he communicated to the Rhine, and was created councillor and private Leopoldine Academy papers on mineralogical physician. He accompanied him during subse- topics : on toad-stones, on aetites, belemnites, quent years in all his campaigns and journeys, and chelonites, &c. on his death in 1688 Mentzel requested permission MENTZEL—MERCURIJ. 89 MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN). Continued. Miscellanea Academics Naturce Cnriosoru w, Ann. col. 441; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnx- 1676, Appendix ad Annum Quartum.et Quintum, ungen, 1813, iv. col. 144^. pp. 180-214 (or in the other issue, pp. 158-189); Biichner, Academies . . . Leopoldino-Carolince Ann. 1699, Appendix, p. 191. Natures Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 467, No. 57. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 532. Matthia:, Conspec tus Histories Medicorum chrono- Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 170. logicus, 1761, p. 598. Decad. II. Actorum Medicorum Berolinensium Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 622. . . . volumen IV., 1724, pp. 3-5, with a portrait. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"decint, Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorutn Medicorum, 1778, iii. p. 268. 1730, II. i. p. 300. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practice, 1779, "'• Stolle, Anhitung zur Historic der Medicinischen p. 383 ('archiater Brandenburgicus, vir poly- Gelahrheil, 1731, pp. 679, 680, 681. mathos '). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicte, Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 327; n.d. 1732, p. zoo. xxvii. p. 663. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1865, xxxiv. col. P- 537- 1012. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrien-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 279. MENUDIER (JEAN). See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Chymischer Wegweiser, 1710. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 384. MERCKWURDIGE Nachricht, wie es einem Schuler der Hermetischen Philosophic in dem Gesuch des Steins der Weisen ergangen. See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. ii. MERCURE (Le) Indien. See ROSNEL (P DE). MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-stab, das ist : I. Gliicks-Ruthe zu Paracelsi Chymischem Schatz. II. Menstruum seu Solvens Universale Philosophicum, darinnen das Gold sine strepitu, wie Eyfs in warmen Wasser zerschmiltzt : Samt dem gantzen Philosophischen Procefs. Ulm, In Verlegung Balthasar Kiihnen Seel. Wittib. 1679. 12°. Pp. [4] 112 [4 blank]. Each tract has a separate title-page as follows, included in the pagination. I. Gliicks-Ruthe, zu Erhebung defs von Paracelsoangezeigten KoniglichenSchatzes, zwischen Beyern und Schwaben. Beschrieben, durch A. A. Naturalium Cultorem, also benahmt. Kont ich rheinem Namen geben Einen Athem oder Leben : Wer' er gleich dem Stein Saphir, Dieses woll man glauben mir. Meine Wohnstatt wol bekannt Wird vom Hbchsten Haubt genafit, Thet' ich ihren Durch-Flufs nennen Wurde sie ein jeder kennen. Anno Salutis. HeVs ! DesVper & eX CoeLIs Gaza roratVr In terraM. [=1672, or 1677?]. II. Menstruum seu Solvens Vniversale Philosophorum. Das ist: Klarliche Beschrei- bung defs Universal-Subjecti, darinnen solch Menstruum begriffen : Und wie dessen 3. Principia zu extrahiren ; mil seinem Mare Hermetice zu componiren ; Auch zur Universal Tinctur zu perficiren ; zu Fermentiren und zu Augmentiren. Durch G. C. Saphir. Anno Salutis. OranDo & LaboranDo aCqVIrltVr (iaza eX FVnDo. [=1677.] Can there be any allusion in the verses in the preceding title-page to the author of this second tract ? MERCURIJ-ARBEIT (Ein), vnd Augment mit dem Mercuric Lunse. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii p. 245. See EROFFNETE GEHE1MNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 545. MERCURIO— MERLIN MERCURIO (De) Alchymistarum. See ZWEY schone Chymische TraCtetlein. MERCURIO (De) Philosophico parvus tractatus. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 697. MERCURIUS TRISMEGISTUS. See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. MERLIN. Allegoria de arcano lapidis. See ARTIS AURIFER^ . volumina, 1610, i. p. 252. Allegoria . . . lapidis arcanum perfecte continens. See GINJECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 569. See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 265. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 191. Allegoria vom Geheimnuss des Steins. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 340; 1750, i. p. 413. Allegoric vom Stein der Weisen. See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 271. See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 306. The 'Allegory' of Merlin, which was printed along with Geber from the Vatican manuscript by Marcellus Silber before 1520, probably for the first time, seems to be a fairly ancient document. It describes in a symbolical way certain operations with gold and mercury, and curiously enough it quotes no authority, but refers to Egyptian and Alexandrian physicians, and it might have eman- ated from that source. It does not appear, how- ever, among the Greek writings which have re- mained to us. How it came to be attributed to Merlin is a question %vhich, so far as I am aware, has received no answer, nor is it at all certain whether it is to be ascribed to Ambrosius Merlin, or Merlin Caledonius, or to some one who has simply assumed the name. To suppose it the work of either of the two semi- historical personages who lived in the fifth and sixth centuries respectively, involves assumptions which La Vita di Merlino, Venetia, 1480, 4°; Florentia, 1495.4°; Venez., 1539, 1554. El baladro del sabio Merlin con sus profecias, Burgos, 1498, fol. Histoire de la vie, miracles, enchentemens et pro- pheties de Merlin, Paris, Verard, 1498, fol. Bale, Illustrium Maioris Britannia Serif torum . . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 27 (Ambrosius Merlinus); f. 32 (Merlinus Caledonius). (Both were prophets, both were skilful about nature, but there is no allusion to chemistry.) Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 141. Maier, Symbola aurete menses, 1617, p. 559. Pits, Relation-urn Historicarum de rebus Anglicis Tomus Primus, 1619, p. 101 (Merlinus Caledonius, Ann. 570) ; p. 89 (Ambrosius Merlinus, Ann. 480). Thomas Heywood, The life of Merlin, sirnamed Ambrosius. His Prophesies, and Predictions interpreted, London, 1641, 4°. (This is in fact a history of England.) it would be difficult to substantiate. That they were said to be of supernatural origin, that they were reckoned prophets and magicians, and that they took part in the now dimly seen events of their times, is a matter for historical investigation ; but how they acquired a knowledge of alchemical operations long before such were known in this country at all, or, for that matter, in Western Europe, makes one doubt the authorship of the present writing. The problem, therefore, at pre- sent remains without a satisfactory solution. The plausible explanation of Schmieder that the writer learned his alchemy at Alexandria is destitute of proof, and the events of the lives of the two Merlins show that they had something else to do than engage in alchemical experiments. The references which follow are chiefly to the historical persons of the name, not to the legendary Merlin, or to the present writer. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 158. Morhof, De Metallorum Transim/tatione ad . . . Joelem Langellotum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 132. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 55. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infinite Aetatis, 1736, v. p. 209 (Ambrosius Merlinus) ; p. 210 (Merlinus Caledonius). Fr. Gotthilff Freytag, Programma de Merlino Britannico, Naumburg, 1737, fol. E. D. Hauber, Bibliotheca magica, 1741, iii. pp. 480-486 (reprint of the article by Friedr. Gotthilff Freytag). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 37, 42, 70, 170. Freytag, Analecta litleraria, 1750, p. 592 (about the above life in French printed by Verard). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 465 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1513. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. in. MERLIN— METALLISCHER MERLIN. Continued. Jeremias Nicolaus Eyring, Synopsis historic literaries, 1783, i. p. 140. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 483- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 125. Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 379 (article by Weiss) ; n.d. xxviii. p. 46 (article by Weiss and Alf. Maury). MERRETT (CHRISTOPHER). See NERI (ANTONIO), De Arte Vitraria. Merrett was born 16 Feb., 1614, at Winchcombe, iu Gloucestershire, and was named Christopher, like his father. He entered Gloucester-Hall at Oxford in 1631, after two years removed to Oriel College, and took the degree of B.A. in 1634. Re- turning to Gloucester-Hall he studied medicine, graduated M.B. in two years, and in 1642 M.D. (Eloy says: 31 Jany., 1643.) He removed to London, acquired a considerable practice, was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians and keeper of Harvey's Museum and Library, and was an original fellow of the Royal Society. He wrote some papers on natural history and on tin mining, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 113. Hoefer, Histoire de -la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; 1866, i. p. 354 (thinks the Allegory may be by Rachaidib). 1jzAT&g\Mz,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 663. Veitch, The History and Poetry of the Scottish Border, 1878, p. 129. and got into a controversy with Stubbe about the practice of Apothecaries. He wrote also a small tract entitled ' Observations on the Ordering of Wines,' which accompanies Dr. Charleton's: 'Two Discourses. The first concerning the different wits of men. The second, A brief discourse concerning the various sicknesses of Wines.' London, 1692, pp. 113-126. ' He died,' says Wood, ' in his house near to the chappel in Hatton Garden in Holbourne, near London, on the igth of Aug., in sixteen hundred ninety and five, and was buried 12 foot deep in the church of S. Andrew in Holbourne.' Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 534, 571- Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 178. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 317. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee metallicce, 1732, p. 101. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 415, 425. Theophilus Sincerus(?>. Georg Jacob Schwindel), Thesaurus Bibliothecalis, 1739, iii. p. 246, No. clvii. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1739, xx. col. 1032. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Ltxicon, 1740, P- 542. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 468 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergans- itngen, 1813, iv. col. 1517. Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 623. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 539. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 279. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 98. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100. MESUNG QOHANN VON). See JEAN DE MEHUN. METALLISCHER Baumgarten, in welchem das einzige wahre Subjectum Philosophise oder Primum ens Metallorum blofs und gantz offenbar, vor Augen gelegt, und bechrieben worden ist; von einem Freunde, deme die Wahrheit bewust ist, und der einen ieden vom falschen Weg gern ableiten, hingegen zu dem wahren einzigen Brunnen der Metallen, fiihren und bringen will. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. Anno 1741. 8°. Pp. 87 [i]. About the authorship of this tract see STEIN- edition, of date 1753, 8°, pp. 87, same place and BERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). Another publisher, is quoted by Ladrague. Rich. Pulteney, Historical and .Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England, 1790, i. pp. 290-297. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 166, 195. Aikin, General Biography, 1808, vii. p. 56. . Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Appendix iv. p. xxii. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxii. p. 75. Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxiii. sub voce. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 258. Wood, Athene? Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. cols. 430-2. Munk, The Roll oj the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1861, i. p. 240. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte, 1886, iv. p. 214. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 196. Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxvii. p. 288. John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempo- raries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, ii. p. 59. Beytrag zur Geschichte der kbhern Chemie, 1785, p. 672. \^aArz.^R.,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes^ Moscow, 1870, No. 1382. 92 METALLISCHER—MEURDRAC METALLISCHER Baumgarten. Continued. [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] METALLORUM (De) generatione Tractatus. See MUS/EUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 305. METALLORUM (De) materia, & artis imitatione Vetus Epistola. See GRATAROLO (c.), Vera Alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 263. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 187. METALLORUM (De) Metamorphosi Tractatus. See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres Tractatus . . ., 1668, p. i. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 676. Mangel assigns this to Philaletha. METALLURGIA. . See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, 1746, 1747. METAMORPHOSIS. See MONTE-SNYDER (jOHANN DE). METHOD and Materials pointed at, composing the Sophick Mercury. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. MEUNG (JEAN DE). See JEAN DE MEHUN. MEURDRAC (MARIE). Die mitleidende und leichte Chymie, dem loblichen P>auen-Zimmer zu sonder- bahrem Gefallen in Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben durch Jungfer Maria Meurdrac, nunmehr in Teutsch ubersetzt, und zum zweyten mahl heraufs- gegeben, von J. L. M. C. Sampt einem Tractatlein, wie man allerhand wohlriechende Sachen kiinstlich prsepariren sol, durch Johann Muflfatz. Franckfurt, In Verlegung Johann David Zunners, 1676. 12°. Pp. [8] 312 [19, i blank]. Wants pp. 141-2. La Chimica Caritatevole, e Facile, in favor delle dame scritto in Francese dalla Sig. M. M. e tradotto da Narbonte Pordoni. Dedicato all' Illustriss., & Eccellentiss. Sig. Donna Anna Altieri Colonna Principessa di Carbognano &c. In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXII. Appresso Pontio Bernardon a 1'Insegna del Tempo. Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio. 12°. Pp. 12, 256 [20]. Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 228 Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' (quotes editions of Frankf., 1673, 1676, 1689, 1712, Transactions of the Archaeological Society of 1738 ; Erfurt, 1731, 8°). Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 194, 251. Ladrague,Z?z'Ww/Ani tre, IS99. P- I4I (calls him Mireris, and quotes the above). Lambye, Re-delation of the Secret Spirit, 1623, p. 34 (quotes the ' Book of Documents ' of Mireris), Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 366. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 159, 161. 162, 249. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 824. (idem forsan cum praecedenti) ab Hortulano & Brachesco inter Chrysoposire scriptoresmemoratus' ; ' Mirneris, idem forsan, ac Mireris.' Whether this be correct or not, and whether Micreris and Mireris denote the same person or not, it is difficult to decide ; but there is some scope for speculation about both the person and his name. I have not succeeded in getting any information as to either Micreris or Mirnefindus. There is not even a bold guess or hazardous speculation by Schmieder, for he does not mention him at all. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 336. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 56. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon \ Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. col. 1699. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; 1866, i. p. 354. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1096 (the above). MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele des Neuen Himmels und der Neuen Erde; Wie dem Menschen, als dem Bilde Gottes, von Gott zugelassen, aus der alten verfluchten Erde eine neue vom Himmel gesegnete Erde, zur Ergotzung des Gemiiths, und zur Erhaltung des Leibes, microcosmisch und quintessentialisch heraus zu bringen : Item, Was es mit dem Paradiefs und dem Fall Adams vor eine Bewandnifs habe, und wie Jesus die gantze unter dem Fluch liegende Schopffung wieder zu rechte bringen und Paradiesisch machen konne und 96 MICROCOSMISCHE— MIZALDUS MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele. Continued. wolle, auch defswegen an seinem eigenen in der Maria angenommenen Leibe den Anfang gemacht habe, nach denen in der aussern sichtbaren Natur wiirckenden zwey ewigen unsichtbaren Principiis, nemlich des Lichts und der Finsternifs, zur Verherrlichung des grossen Jehovah, der Welt vor Augen geleget von einem Liebhaber gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse. Andere von dem Autore selbst verbesserte Edition. Amsterdam, Anno 1744. 8°. Pp. [16, Symbolic frontispiece included] 128. Title red and black. There was a later edition : Frankfurt und Leipzig, Fictuld (Probter-Stein, 1753, part I. p. in) 1784, 8°. makes much of this work (which, he says, first In the preface the author narrates how after appeared in 1733) and defends it from the attack of spending a year in operations which had no result, Dippel, putting it in " the first class." There is no he at last had revealed to him the secret methods reference to where Dippel's criticism can be found. which are explained in this tract. Both editions are mentioned in the Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 667, 683. MICROCOSMISCHE (Das) Vorspiel eines neuen Himmels und der neuen Erde. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 167. MILAN. See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galenico-Chymicus. MINERA (De) Philosophica. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 655. MINERA Philosophorum. See GINjECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349. MINERALISCHE (Das) Gluten. See W(ALCHIN) (D(OROTHEA) I(ULIANA)), 1705. MINERALOGIA. See THEOPHILUS. MIRANDOLA (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO Pico BELLA). See PICUS MIRANDULANUS (JOANNES FRANCISCUS). MIRERIS. See MICRERIS. MIRIAM. See MARIA. MIRONE-PASQUALI (GIUSEPPE). See SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO), Element! di Chimica, 1790. MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS). Centuriae ix. Memorabilium, Vtilium, ac lucundorum in Aphorismos Arcanorum omnis generis locupletes, perpulcre digests ; Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano, medico auctore. Accessit his Appendix nonnullorum Secretorum, Experi- mentorum, Antidotorumque contra varies morbos, tam ex libris manuscriptis MIZALD US— MOD US 97 MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS). Continued. quam typis excusis, collecta. Seorsum excusa, Harmonia caelestium corporum & humanorum, dialogis vndecim Astronomice & Medice per Anton. Mizaldum elaborata & demonstrata. Item Memorabilium aliquot naturae Arcanorum Syluula, rerum variarum Sympathias & Antipathias, libellis n. complectens. 1592. Francofurdi Ex officina typographica loannis Wecheli. Square 16°. Pp. [32] 267 [i blank]. Printer's device. The Harmonia and the Silvula have separate titles, signatures, and pagination as follows : Harmonia Ccelestium Corporum et Humanorum Dialogis vndecim astronomice & medice per Anton. Mizaldum Monlucianum elaborata & demonstrata. Ad Antonium Olivarium Lumbariensium antistitem eximium. Francofurdi ex officina typographica loannis Wecheli, M.D.XCII. Pp. 93 [i] [2 pages, blank? wanting]. Memorabilium Aliquot Naturae Arcanorum Silvula, Rerum variarum Sympathias, & Antipathias, seu naturales concordias & discordias, libellis duobus complectens. Autore Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano. Francofurti, apud loannem Wechelum, & Petrum Fischerum consortes. Pp. 88. Mizaldus was born at Monlucon, in the Bour- bonnais, studied at Bourges and Paris, where he graduated, and devoted himself to medical practice, in which he acquired much success and renown by the extraordinary cures which he effected. He was also distinguished in Mathematics and Philosophy, but when he was at the height of his fame he with- drew from practice to devote himself to the study of science and of the wonders and secrets of Nature, upon which he wrote many books. Niceron gives a list of forty-one on meteorology, comets, as- tronomy (astrology), cosmography, sympathy and antipathy, almanacks, mathematics, agriculture, gardening, notable things, secrets of the moon, etc., etc. He died at Paris in 1578. Thuanus commends him for his learning and judgment. Other critics, however, have taken a much less favourable view of his work, La Monnoye finding fault with his Latinity, Niceron complaining of his books being stuffed with false and useless Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 41. Ghilini, Teatro d'Huomini letterati, 1647, i. pp. 17-19. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 543. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 75. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687 (Add. c. ix. 4*), p. 287. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1276. Teissier, \Les Rloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, iii. pp. 154-157- Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 339. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen, 1734, P- 144- Niceron, Mtmoires, 1739, xl. pp. 200-213. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- 552. notions, and Teissier quoting the opinion of the author of the Diversitez Curieuses, ii. p. ii, who expresses his surprise at people being simple enough to put any belief in the ' Centuriae,' seeing that the book is full of trifles and superstitious nonsense, of which he gives an example. M6nard, the publisher, meditated an edition of his collected works, but the Mascurat (p. 135) pre- vented him carrying out this design by showing him that Mizaldus was a man ready to believe any fabrication : Quaelibet 4 quovis mendacia credere promptus. The 'Centuriae' were first printed at Paris in 1566, and repeatedly afterwards. Editions appeared at Cologne in 1572, 1573, 1574 which are of special interest, for they contain reprints of Pizimenti's translation of the writings of Democritus, Synesius, and Pelagius on Alchemy. These I have considered in communications to. the Glasgow Philosophical Society. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 237. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 560 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1816. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdedne, 1755, ii. p. 190 ; 1778, iii. p. 306. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 244. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 91. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 71. Ferguson, Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1885, xvi. p. 39; 1891, xxii. p. 295. Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 352. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Part iv. , Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, 1888, New Series, i. pp. 301-315. MODUS procedendi in praeparatione lapidis philosophici. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 126. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 201. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 258. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 200. II. G 98 MOEBIUS MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). Anatomia Camphone, ejus originem, qualitates, praeparationes Chimicas, ac vires, quas in omnibus fere totius humani corporis morbis instar panaceas cujusdam praestat, nee non in aliis rebus usum succincte exhibens Gothofredi Moebii, Med. D. P. P. Medici Elect. Brandenburg, nee non Admin. Archiepicop. (sic) Magdeburg. Jense, Impensis Joh. Ludovici Neuenhahnii, Charactere Sengenvvaldiano, Anno M DC LX. 4°. Pp. [8] 104. A collection of opinions about camphor, from a number of writers. The latter part contains the preparations of camphor and the ailments for which they are useful. Neu-angeziindt-hell-brennendes Feuer, oder Mercurial-Liecht, so denen verzagten Alchymisten aufs neue widerum angeziindet wird, von einem wohl-bekandten, doch ungenanten Freund. So geschehen im Jahr Christi 1 680. Augspurg, Gedruckt bey Jacob Koppmayer. 8°. Pp. [12] 33 [3 blank]. Folding symbolical engraving. Preface signed Gottfried Moebius M.D. [Another Copy.] Wants the symbolical plate. [Another Copy.] Wants the symbolical plate. After 14 years' constant labour in pursuit of the stone he came to the conclusion that it was a mere fancy. To warn his fellow-men from pursuing this chimaera he wrote a tract which he called ' Gauckel- Taschner,' in which he pointed out the errors or delusions into which the chemists ran. When he was about to print this he encountered an aged chemist, and when he tried to prove to him that his search was futile, the chemist ultimately showed him that he was in error, and that all alchemists were not cheats. So he burned his tractate and received the present one from the chemist with per- mission to print it, which he accordingly did. Gottfried Moebius, the editor (or author), was born in 1611 at Laucha in Thuringia, studied medicine under Rolfinck, with whom he was a favourite, took his degree at Jena and became professor of medicine there, and was an active practitioner and author. He had a remarkable escape from drowning, in memory of which he gave away on each succeeding Concio Funebris D. Christiani Chemnitii Theol. Prof. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 544. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 355. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 182 (Add. c. iv. § 39 *) ; p. 229 (Add. c. vi. §7*); (commended by Schel- hammer). Freher, Theatrum virorum erudition* clarorum, 1688, p. 1396 ; portrait, plate 64. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ttt i verso, 25 April, 1664. Joannes Caspar Zeumer, Vita Professorum medi- cince Academia Jenensis, 1711, Class iii. pp. 42-46. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 703. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 341. anniversary of the event certain alms to poor people. He died at Halle on 25 April, 1664, and was buried at Jena. He wrote a large number of academic disserta- tions, a list of which is given by Haller, and other books, for which see Mercklin, Mangel, Pauly, and others. His work is commended by Schelhammer, but rather unfavourably noticed by Bayle & Thillaye, and flaws are poinled oul by Reimmann. The presenl Iract is not contained in any of these lists, and it is mentioned only by Jocher. Looking at the date, Ladrague asks pcrtinenlly whelher the editor (or author) is Ihe falher or ihe son of Ihe same name? Of the latter the only thing I have found is that he edited a work of his father's in 1667. If the events recorded in the preface took place in 1680 they could not apply to the elder man, but the preface itself seems to indicate that he really wrote it. There is however some doubt about the authorship. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 6, 7, 278, 279, 507. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 553- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 567 ; Rotennund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1836. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 497. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 508. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 422 (calls him ' Gottlieb'). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirtirgica, 1774, i. p. 342. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1777, ii. p. 647. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de a Mt'decine, 1778, iii. p. 308. MOEBIUS—MOHYUS 99 MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). Continued. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 128. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v'i. p. 279. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i. p. 421. Johannes Giinther, Lebensskizzen der Professoren der Universitiit Jena, 1858, p. 121. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1187. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique dts Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme SeVie, 1874, viii. p. 265. Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Mldicales, 1874, cols. 461, 462, 710. Hirsch, Biographisches I^exikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeifen und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 253. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 355. MOGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG). Vellus Aureum, Das giildene Fliifs : Das ist Chymisches Kleinod, oder Philo- sophische Beschreibung der hochsten Medicin, und erquickenden Bronnen defs Lebens Auri Potabilis. Geschriben und bereitet von Job. Lud. Moglin, Med. Doct. Stuttgart, Gedruckt bey johann Weyrich Rofslin, Anno 1665. 12°. Pp. 72. Johann Ludsvig Moegling, or Moglin, was born at Tubingen in 1613, and was the son of Daniel Moegling, a native of Tubingen, and professor of medicine there. Johann Ludwig studied in his native place and took the degree of master, went to Altdorf on account of the unrest caused by the war, in 1640 graduated doctor of medicine at Tubingen and became town physician, ordinary professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and extra- ordinary professor of medicine in 1660, and then ordinary professor in 1687. He died in 1693. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 43, No. Ixviii. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 568 ; Rotermund's Fortzetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1840. Boeck, Geschichte der Universitiit Tubingen, p. 134- His inaugural dissertation was entitled : Palin- genesia seu resurrectio plantarum ejusque resurrec- tionem corporum nostrorum applicatio, Tubing. , 4°. He is said also to have written : Tractatus de i nconsiderato acidularum usu and Theoria sanitatis. Haller ascribes to him : De febre epidemica ab anno passim seeviente, Tubingen, 1621, 4°, but the Tractatus de inconsiderate acidularum usu, Fri- burg. , 1615, 8°, he assigns to Johann Phil. Moe- gling- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii. p. 448. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785, p. 620. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244. MOGLING (DANIEL). See FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA. See SCHWEIGHARDT (THEOPHILUS). MOFFETT (THOMAS). See MOUFET (THOMAS). MOHYUS (ERVCIUS). Pulvis Sympatheticus. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. 336. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66l, p. 231. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. l6$. According to Eloy, his name was Henri Mohy, latinized Erycius Mohyus, and he belonged to Rondchamp, a village near Liege, on the frontier of Luxembourg. He had studied medicine and practised it with credit from 1620 to 1654, and two writings are ascribed to him : Tertianse crisis, Lovanii, 1642, 4°. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 545. Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 262. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 342. Pulvis sympatheticus qu6 vulnera sanantur absque medicamenti ad partem affectam applica- tione et superstitione, 1654, 4°, without place or printer's name. For a criticism of Mohyus' views, see DEUSING (ANTON). Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 1778, iii. p. 309. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme Serie, 1875, ix. p. 71. IOO HOLLER— MONTANOR HOLLER (FRIEDRICH). D. O. M. A. Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymise oder drey schone Tractatlein, vom Stein der Weisen. So zuvor niemalfs inn Druck kommen, auch bifshero gantz verborgen gehalten worden sind. Nun aber den Filijs Doctrinae vnd alien Liebhabern Alchymiae, zu Ehren publiciret, vnd in offenen Druck verfertiget, durch Fridericum Mollerum, Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore, Churf. Brandenburgischen bestalten Medicum der Veste Ciistrin in der New- marck, etc. Gedruckt zum Berlin, Im Jahr 1618. 8°. Sigs. A-D in eights, E in four, or pp. [72]. The three tracts are : Paracelsus : dafs zehende Buch Archidoxis, vom Stein der Weysen, Bij. Ein Procefs auff den Lapidem Philosophorum, aufs einem gar alien Biichlein eines Scriptoris Anonymi, Dij. Eine Beschreibung von der wahren Tinctura Philosophorum, eines Autoris Anonymi, Dvij. Though nothing seems to be recorded about this person, it is possible that he was the father of another Friedrich Moller or Moller, who was born Beughem, Syllabus recens exploratorum in re medica, physica et chymica, Amst., 1696, p. 88. at Ciistrin in the Marck, and after travelling in Holland, Denmark and Poland, graduated at Kb'nigsberg in 1644 as Doctor of Medicine, and ultimately became the private physician of the Churfurst in his native place. He wrote a disserta- tion, De partu 173 dierum vivo, Ciistrin, 1662, 12°, and some other medical tracts, and if it were not for the dates, one might be disposed to identify the present author with the later physician, who is mentioned by Jocher. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 571 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1854. MONDEN-SCHEIN. See CHYMISCHER MONDENSCHEIN. For alchemical books with the Moon for the title, see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390. MONGEZ (JEAN-ANDRE*) le jeune. See OBSERVATIONS sur la physique, &c. Jean-Andre", the brother of Antoine Mongez, was born at Lyons in 1751, was a physician and member of several academies and canon regular of Ste. Genevieve. He joined the expedition of Laperouse as surgeon and almoner, and perished in it. He wrote a description of an apparatus for Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxix. p. 372 ; i date, xxviii. p. 622. Querard, La France litteraire, 1834, vi. p. 205. reducing fractures, and translated Bergmann's mineralogy from the Swedish, 1784. He took a great share in drawing up the early volumes of the ' Course of Agriculture ' of Rozier, and from 1779 was one of the editors of the above journal, which was afterwards entitled ' Journal de Physique.' no Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxv. col. MONTANOR (Guioo DE). Scala Philosophorum. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 134. See also SCALA Philosophorum. Guido de Montanor, or Montano, or Guido Magnus de Monte, not Guido de Monte, was apparently a Frenchman, who flourished in the fourteenth or fifteenth century, judging from the fact that while he quotes Roger Bacon and Richardus, he in turn is referred to by writers of the fifteenth century, as by Ripley, who says that his ' fame goeth wide,' and calls him also ' sapient Guido.' Besides the Scala Philosophorum, he is credited with Decreta chymica, printed in Rhenanus' Harmonia imperscrutabilis, and De arte chymica libellus, printed in CondeKsya.nus' ffarmonta, Fran- cofurti, 1625, 8°. Of this there is a German translation, Guidonis Magni de Monte Thesaurus chymiatricus, oder lange verborgener Schatz der Chyinie, Halle, 1623, 8°. Borel says that he is praised by Ripley, and wrote an Epistola chemica to a certain Greek Bishop. He also quotes De arte Alchemice libellus, which is probably only a variation of the above title. Some of these tracts I have not seen, and am consequently unable to say whether they are different or not. Nazari includes the Scala philosophorum in his list, but does not allude to Guido de Montanor. Baumer ascribes to him not only the Scala Philosophorum and Libellus de Arte chemica, but also the Clangor Buccinff, and Correctio Fatuorum. MONTANOR— MONTANUS 101 MONTANOR (Gumo DE). Continued. Ripley, The Compound of Alchymy, 1591, V^recto (' The fourth Gate,' stanza 8) ; Fj recto ('The fifth Gate,' stanza 8) ; or in Ashmole's Theatrum Chemi- cwn Britannicum, 1652, p. 146, st. 8 ; p. 150, st. 8. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 144. Maier, Symbola A urea Menses, 1617, p. 347. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 109, 163. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Herntitique, 1742, iii. pp. 43, 58, 69. Fictuld, Turbo. Philosophorum, 1763, p. 117. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 93. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 607. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 53. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 155. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 404; 1866, i. p. 428. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 914. MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). Lud. Conr. Montani Griindliche Anweisung, zu der wahren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, und zu dem Geheimnifs der Alten des Steins der Weisen zu gelangen. Aus einem sehr alten raren Bamberigischen Manuscript, ans Licht gestellet von Johann Ludolph ab Indagine. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1751. 8°. Pp. [32] 94 [2]- Occulta Philosophia, oder Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio Stultorum. See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). In the preface we are informed that the MS. from which this book was derived bore the date 1635, so that it is not of such a great age as the title-page would lead us to infer. It was drawn up by the author as a complete exposition, and sent to a friend in Bamberg, by name Sonneberger. As the author had concealed himself under the name Montanus, Sonneberger stated that his actual name was Ludwig Conrad von Bergen, while Sonneberger called himself, Ich Sags Nicht. This phrase, it may be noticed in passing, has been also held as referring to Johann Ambrosius SIKBMACHER. The editor goes on to say that where Montanus resided is not so easy to determine, but from a phrase in Cap. VI. the editor thinks it possible he may have lived in the Rhineland and on the borders of France, as he shows himself well acquainted Missiv an die hocherleuclitete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreuizes, 1783, p. 103. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 671. MONTANUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). Sententia de Sublimatione. See GRATAROLO (G.), VercG AlchemicC . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 35. with mines in that country. ' But whoever he was, and whatever his name was, he was an excellent guide.' The book is a new edition of the work of Ludwig Conrad Orvius, which, however, has been subjected to a good deal of alteration both in the preface and in the text. From the former has been omitted the author's account of his treatment by a society of Rosicrucians, and in the text there are not only changes of words and phrases, but passages have been omitted and others have been inserted. The chapters, too, have been differently divided. How much of this is due to differences in the original sources, how much to the later editor ab Indagine, it would be hardly possible now to say. See more under ORVIUS. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der R'osenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 114, 122 ; 1787, ii. p. 177. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. u, 58. Presumably the author of the above is Joannes Baptista Montanus, the physician and poet, who was born in 1498, and belonged to a noble family at Verona. He practised at Rome and Naples, where also he expounded the odes of Pindar, then at Padua, where after four years he was appointed professor of medicine. On 6 May, 1551, he died of stone at Terazzo in the Veronese district, where he had gone for change of air. Ghilini, Teatro d1 Huomini letterati, 1647, ii. p. 140. Borel, Btbliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 249. Konig, Btbliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 551. Freher, Theatrum virorutn erudilione clarorum, 1688, p. 1232 ; portrait, plate 55. Teissier, Eloges ties Hommes Savans, 1715, i. PP- 92-95- Stolle, Anleitung zur His forte der Medicin ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 134, 136, 137, &c., &c. He wrote a number of works relating to medicine, explanations of Galen, Avicenna, Razis, a treatise ' De medicamentis simplicibus,' Venice, 1554, 8°, and ' Demonstrationes aquas destillatas per alem- bicum etiam a calidis herbis esse frigidas. Several of his works were edited by his pupils. The above is not mentioned in the lists of his writings, if it be by him. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740, p. 560- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 237, 238. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 627; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- itngen, 1813, iv. col. 2027. Morwitz, Geschichte der A fedicin, 1848, i. p. 237; 1849, ii. p. 131. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 426. io2 MONTE— MONTE CUBITI MONTE (GuiDO MAGNUS DE). See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE). Tractatulus seu Descriptio Philosophic! Adrop. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 543. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 382. MONTE CUBITI (VIGILANTIUS DE). Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, in welchem begriffen dreyer vornehmen Philosophorum herrliche Tractatlein. Das erste von dem geheimen waaren Saltz der Philosophorum, und allgemeinen Geist der Welt, H. Nuysement aus Lothringen. Das andere Mercurius Redivivus Unterricht von dem Philoso- phischen Stein so wol den weisen als rohten aus dem Mercurio zu machen, Samuelis Nortoni sonsten Rinville. Und das dritte von dem Stein der Weisen Marsilii Ficini Florentini, welche ehedessen von denen Authoribus in Frantz- osischer und Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, nunmehro aber alien Lieb- habern, so der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig, zum besten, in unser Teutsche Muttersprach iibersetzet, und mit einem zweyfachen Register zum Druck verfertiget. Durch Vigilantium de Monte Cubiti. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Michael und Johann Friderich Endtern, 1667. 8°. Pp. [24, engraved title containing emblematical sorrel included] 448. Index [32]. 16 symbolic engravings. Nuysement, p. i ; Norton, p. 209 ; Ficinus, p. 373. Herrn de Nuysement Tractat von dem waaren geheimen Saltz der Philosophorum, und von dem allgemeinem (sic) Geist der Welt. Zu ergantzung des lang-begehrten dritten Principii, Michaelis Sendivogii, welches er vom Saltze verheissen hat. Mercurius Redivivus oder Unterricht, wie man den Philosophischen Stein, sowol den weissen, als den rohten, aus dem Mercurio machen solle. Erstlich von weiland Samuele Nortono, sonsten Rinvillo Briszollensi angefangen. Nachmals mit Fleifs ver- bessert und vermehret, durch Edmundum Deanum von Oxonien, Doctorem der Artz- ney, zu Eborach in Engelland. Nunmehr aber wegen seiner grossen Nutzbarkeitdieser Kunst Liebhabern, die der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig sind, zum besten aufs fleissigste in die Teutsche Muttersprach versetzet worden. Bey welchem Ttractiitlein (sic) zu finden, wie man beede Fermenta, so wol zum weisen, aus der Luna oder dem Silber, als zum rohten aus Sole oder dem Golde machen solle. This is in eight books, each of which has a short Metamorphosis Lapidum ignobilium in Genimas title in Latin and German : pretiosas, p. 313 ; 7. Alchymiae Complementum et I. Mercurius Redivivus, p. 211 ; 2. Catholicon Perfectio, p. 329 ; 8. Auslegung der duncklen Physicorum, p. 231 ; 3. Venus vitriolata, p. 247 ; Wbrter, Namen und seltzamen Reden, so in dieser 4. Elixir, seu Medicina Vitae, p. 263 ; 5. Saturnus Kunst gefiihret werden, p. 355. saturatus dissolutus & Coelo restitutus, p. 283 ; 6. Marsilii Ficini Btichlein vom Stein der Weisen, erstlich von dem Authore selbsten in Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, anjetzo aber alien Liebhabern und des Lateins unkiindigen zulieb in die Teutsche Muttersprach iibersetzet. [Another Copy.] The name of the present editor appears in Dresden, in 1757, under the title Eines wahre/i Lenglet Dufresnoy's list, with an inaccurate and Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie. ignorant transcription of the title ; it is given by See under H. (c. G. ). Gmelin, by Ladrague, and by Kopp, but nothing For other editions of the tracts see under the is said as to the true name of the editor. names of the respective authors. Deane's or Norton's tracts were reprinted at Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13. Hermctique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliolheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Beytrag zur Geschichte der hb'hern Chemie, 1785, Secretes, 1870, No. 611. p. 621. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 338. MONTE HERMETIS- MONTE RAPHAIM 103 MONTE HERMETIS (JOHANN DE). Joannis de Monte Hermetis Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri per Somnium, das 1st : Erlauterung defs Hermetischen Giildenen Flufs, alien desselbigen emsigen Bestreitern zur Nachricht, darzu zu gelangen ; Aufs einem Cabalis- tischen Ratzel' erklaret und an Tag gegeben, auch mit sonderbaren Anmerckungen und einem dienlichen Anhang aufsgefertigt. Ulm, In Verlag Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, Im Jahr 1680. 8°. Pp. [42] 78, 83 [i blank, 17, 3 blank]. 8 woodcuts in the text of the Anhang. ./Enigma Cabalisticum, sig. 03. Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri. Pp. 78. Schlufs-fuhrender Erliiuterungs-Anhang, worinnen der Geniige nach das gantze Opus Philosophicum, samt alien desselbigen Philosophischen und gebrauchlichen Manipulationibus und Operationibus weit-lauffig und klarer als noch iemals durch offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, von dem Lowen defs Rothen Creutzes, sonsten genandt der Gehuldigte. Gedruckt im Jahr Christi M.DC.LXXX. Pp. 83 [r blank]. Chymicus Deo bene placens, atque homini proximo inserviens, oder Alchymis- tische Nachrichtungs Regulen, alien und jeden derwahren Chymiae getreuen Liebhabern, und fleissig obligenden Nachforschern, aufs Gut- und Wohl-meinenheit beschrieben, und zur Nachricht durch offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, Von dem Lowen defs Rothen Creutzes, sonst genandt der Gehuldigte. Pp. [10} Astronomias Medicos Theologico-Philosophica Delineatio. Hoc est : Modus Curandi Morbos, Mediantibus Astris. Deus Miserere Mei secundum magnam Misericordiam tuani. ExcusumAnno M.DC.LXXX. Pp. [7] [3 blank]. [Another Copy.] This work is included by Kopp amongst those He adds that the same author published in 1680 that bear the title of the Golden Fleece, of which also another book : ' Schlussfuhrender Erlauter- there are several. It is referred to by other writers, ungs-Anhang von dem Leiien des Rothen-Kreutzes,' but nothing is said about the author's life or name, which again contains sophistical follies and lies, for, presumably, the above is a pseudonym. whereby the ignorant are plunged into temporal Fictuld makes on him a specially violent attack, and eternal misery, which is surely ascribing to it 1 One can see that he was a man without love for too much power. It is given above, his neighbour (this is a Fictuldian formula), else he The author of the Beytrag who has more humour would have kept back this book, seeing that it is than Fictuld, and is never in such unreasonable arch-sophistical and chymistical, with nothing in it earnest, merely remarks — ' excellent reading for but braggart follies and perversions,' and so on. theosophists ! ' Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichie der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 14. Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 96. Secretes, 1870, No. 1094. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244; ii. pp. p. 632. 331, 353- MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE). Johann de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel hervor- brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Hamburg, zu finden bey Samuel Heyl, 1716. 8°. Pp. [44, frontispiece not included, 2 blank]. Ladrague says the first edition is that of Amsterdam, 1703. The reprint in the Hd'inetisches Museum is from that edition. loannis de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe, der am Philosophischen Himmel hervor brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Sammt einem Anhang etlicher Lehr-Satze, vor die Schiller der Weifsheit, von neuem ans Licht gestellet. 104 MONTE RAPHAIM—MONTE-SNYDER MONTE RAPHAIM QOHANN DE). Continued. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. P- 597- See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767. 8°. Pp. 40, including the frontispiece. This is the fourth tract in the collection. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, i. p. 65. Kopp alludes to this work in connection with guished himself by the chemical works he had others about ' Aurora ' and the dawn. brought out. The Beylrag says nothing about the author, but Fictuld once more indulges in one of his tirades oddly mentions the publisher as having distin- without giving any information about anything. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 98. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1806-08, p. 231. p. 657. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences Gmelin, Geschichte -der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 315. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1341-44. Kopp, Die A Ichemie, 1886, ii. p. 389. MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE). Job. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder- barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu Erlangung der drey Principia gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo wiederumb zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt am Mayn, verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Buchhandler. Wetzflar (sic) druckts Georg Ernst Winckler, 1700. 8°. Pp. 142. Frontispiece extra. The editor's name is Adam Gottlob Berlich or Berlig. Jo. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder- barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu Erlangung der drey Principien gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo wiederum zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, in Wienn, 1774. 8°. Pp. 173 [3 pp. advertisements]. The frontispiece is not included and pp. 15-16 are omitted. Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist Von der Universal Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zu wege zu bringen, durch ein besonders Universal Menstruum, welches auff- und zuschliessen, und iedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein warhafftes Aurum potabile zu bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset, Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbahrem Trost und Nutzen anitzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurtzen griind- MONTE-SNYDER 105 MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE). Continued. lichen Erklarung auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grundregeln illustriret durch A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Thomae Matthise Gotzens sel. Erben. Im Jahr 1678. 8°. Pp. 176. Berlich's Regeln have a title-page, with engraved vignette, included in the pagination, pp. 139-176. [Another Copy.] Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist : Von der Universal-Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zuwege zu bringen, durch ein besonders Universal-Menstruum, welches auf- und zuschliessen, und jedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein wahrhafftes Aurum potabile zu bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset, Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbarem Trost und Nutzen anjetzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurzen griind- lichen Erklarung, auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grund-Regeln illustriret durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, in Wienn, 1773. 8°. Pp. 208. Pp. 169-208 contain the Spagyrische Grund-Regeln by Berlich himself. Commentarius iiber des Monte-Snyders Schrifften. See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Clucks- Hafen, 1726, p. 108. Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico. See RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium Opulentiae Sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, 1666. This is a Latin version of the tract De Medicina Universali, and may have been the first edition. It does not bear the author's name. Schmfeder says that though apparently Dutch, other writers. It took place at Aix-la-Chapelle in his name was Mondschneider, and he was a native 1667, in presence of Guillaume, a goldsmith and of the Palatinate. Others say that Monte-Snyder assayer, and Monte-Snyder on that occasion pro- was a grandson of Levinus Lemnius on the mother's duced gold of extraordinarily fine quality from lead side, and from him got the tincture with which he and copper. After his stock of 'tincture' was performed several transmutations. One of the exhausted, he is said to have died at Maim: in most notable of these was narrated by van Vrees- poverty, wyk, and from him the narrative was copied by Goossen van Vrees wyk, De Goude Leeuw, 1675, Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersvchung der pp. 6-12. Alchemie, 1777, p. 301. (He passes over this per- Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicoruin, formance as of no importance.) 1697, p. 43, No. Ixx. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 95. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutscftes Fegfeuerder Beytrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chemie, 1785, Scheide Kunst, 1702, p. 42. (Not complimentary pp. 349, 619, 630. to Monte-Snyder.) Korium verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 181. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 148. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 18. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca mctallicce, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- 1732, p. 103. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdmungen, 1813, iv. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic col. 2044. Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, pp. 328-331. 403-408, 601. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Theil ii. p. 98, \-.a.drngue,BibliofhequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes, (calls him a learned man, but no adept). 1870, Nos. 1116-17, 1622-24. Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1767, p. 169, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 155 ; ii. pp. 312, (expresses a very poor opinion of his writings, and 364. calls him a "sophist "). io6 MORGENROTHE MORGENSTERN MORGENROTHE. See AUFSTEIGUNG der Morgenrothe. MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP). Turba Philosophorum; Das ist, Das Buch von der guldenen Kunst, neben andern Authoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher in sich haben. Darinn die besten vraltesten Philosophi zusamen getragen, welche tractiren alle einhellig von der Universal Medicin, in zwey Biicher abgetheilt, vnnd mit schonen Figuren gezieret. Jetzundt newlich zu Nutz vnd Dienst alien waren Kunstliebenden der Natur (so der Lateinischen Sprach vnerfahren) mit besonderm fleifs, miihe vnnd arbeit trewlich an tag geben : durch Philippum Morgenstern Islebiensem. Zu Basel, in verlegung Ludwig Konigs, 1613. 8°. Pp. [14] (containing Vorrede, Propositiones and Contents, followed by a cryptograph) ; Text, pp. 560. The title is in red and black, and has a symbolic vignette (from the Rosarium) of a lion devouring the sun, with the legend : Ich bin der war griin vnd giildische Low ohn sorgen, In mir steckt alle heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborge". The second part has a separate title : Das ander Theil, der giildinen kunst die sie sonst Chymia nennen, welches in sich hellt die Schrifften Morieni Romani, von den Metallischen dingen, vnnd von der verborgenen vnd hochsten Artzney der alien Philosophorum, mit andern Authoribus, die da auff dem nachfolgenden Blatt angezeigt werden. Verteutscht durch Philippum Morgenstern, wie forn im ersten Theil geschrieben worden. Getruckt zu Basel, bey Johann Schroter, M. DC. XI 1 1. Pp. [6] (Contents and Vorrede); Text, pp. 455, [i blank]. Vignette of the Philosophers, and symbolic woodcuts in the text of the Rosarium. Theil I. Propositiones Maximae, seu Satzungen der Gold- kunst, oder Chemise artis, sig. ):( v recto. 1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i. 2. Das Ander Exemplar der Turbae Philosopho- rum, p. 60. Ettliche Allegorize in die Turbam, p. 101. 3. Etliche Retzel, oder Aenigmata aufs dem Gesicht [oder dem Traum] Arislei und aufs den Allegoriis der Weissen, p. 107. 4. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 114. 5. Auffsteigung der Morgenrothe [Aurora Con- surgens], p. 141. 6. Rosinus ad Eutichiam (Euthicam), das iste Buch, p. 199. 7. Rosinus ad Eutichiam, das ander Buch, p. 208. 8. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das iste Buch, p. 228. 9. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das ander Buch, p. 237. 10. Rosinus, Beschreibung von den Gottlichen Aufslegungen, p. 242. 11. Die Practica Marias Prophetissae, p. 269. 12. Das Buch der Geheimnussen der Alchimiag Calidis Jazichi Sohn, p. 274. 13. Das Buch der dreyer Worter, defs ver- mischten Kallidts [i.e. Kalid Rachaidib], p. 301. 14. Aristoteles : Tractatlein oder Biichlein von der Practica defs Philosophischen Steines, p. 310. 15. Avicenna: von der Congelierung und zu- sammen fiigung des Steins (or von der Zusammen- leimung), p. 322. 16. Epistola Alexandri, p. 331. 17. Ein klein Werckstuck oder Biichlein, eines vnbekandten Authoris, der da metaphorice be- schreibet die Geheimnus defs Philosophischen Steines, p. 337. 18. Allegoria Merlini, vom Geheimnufs defs Steins, p. 340. 19. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rpdiani und Kanidis, Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 344. 20. Avicenna : Tractatulus von der Alchimia, P- 35i- 21. Semita Semitae, oder, Fufssteig defs Fufs- steigs, p. 378. 22. Clangor Buccinae, oder, der Thon der Schal- meyen, p. 389. 23. Correctio Fatuorum, oder, die reformierte Alchimij oder Straffung der falschen Alchimisten, P- 475- 24. Das Buch von der Kunst Chimia, eines ungewissen Authors, p. 504. Theil II. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildinen Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen aufsgehen an den Calid der Egypter Konig, welches Robertus Castrensis aufs dem Arabischen in Latein gebracht hat, sig. Aij recto. Ein Antwort Bernhnrdi von Trier, an Thomam de Bononia, von den Mineralen, vnnd zusammen- setzung oder zurichtung dels Elixirs, erklaret vnnd aufsgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 46. The ' Tafeln ' are on p. 91. Ein Buch voj) der guldenen Kunst, welches Author vnbekandt, vnd zuvor noch nie aufsgangen. [No such tract. Compare vol. i. p. 504.] Die Leyter der Philosophorum [Scala Philoso- phorum], p. 94. Das Weiber-Werck oder Kinderspiel [Opus Mulierum et Ludus puerorum], p. 154. Rosarium der Philosophorum mit den Figuren, P- 185. Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze, vnd das Rosarium, P- 369- Arnoldus, Newes Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 393. Arnoldus, Blum aller Blumen an den Konig Aragonum geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 407. Arnoldus, Epistel vber die Alchimia an den Konig Neapolitanum oder zur Newstatt, p. 422 Rogerius Bachon, Von der wunderbarlichen Ge- walt der Kunst vnd Natur &c., p. 426. MORGENS TERN—MORHOF 107 MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP). Continued. Turba Philosophorum, Das ist, Das Buch von der giildenen Kunst, neben andern Auctoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher ausmachen, darinnen der besten uraltesten Philosophorum Schriften zusammen getragen, welche alle einhellig von der Universal-Medicin handlen, in zwey Theile abgefasset, und mit schonen Figuren gezieret. Zu Nutz und Dienst aller Kunst- und Natur- liebenden mit besonderem Fleifs, Miihe und Arbeit in die deutsche Sprache iibersetzt und heraus gegeben durch Philippum Morgenstern, Islebiensem. Erster Theil. Verlegts Johann Paul Kraufs, Buchhandler in Wienn, 1750. 8°. Pp. [12] 680. Title red and black. Vignette : a Lion on its haunches swallowing the sun ; the engraving has the following couplet on left and right sides : Ich bin der wahre griin und giildisch Low ohn Sorgen In mir steckt alle Heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborgen. . . . Zweyter Theil [1-14] 15-551 [*]• Vignette, and 8 separate engraved plates. 1 1 woodcuts and the vignette of the first part repeated. Theil 1. Propositiones Maximae, oder Satzutigen der Gold- Kunst oder Chemicae artis, sig. ) ( ) ( i redo. 1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i. 2. Das andere Exemplar der Turbae, p. 76. 3. Etliche Allegoriae in die Turbam, p. 125. 4. Etliche Ratzel aus dem Traum oder Gesicht Arislei, p. 133. 5. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 142. 6. Aufsteigung der Morgenrothe, p. 173. 7. Das erste Buch Rosini ad Euthichiam, p. 244. 8. Das andere Buch Rosini ad Euthicam, p. 255. 9. Das erste Buch Rosini an den Bischoff Sara- tantam, p. 279. 10. Das andere Buch an den Bischoff Saratantam, p. 289. 11. Der dritte Theil Rosini von der Beschreibung von den Gottlichen Auslegungen, p. 295. 12. Die Practica Mariae Prophetissae, p. 329. 13. Das Buch der Geheimnufs Calidis, lazichi Sohn, p. 335. 14. Das buch derer drey Worter, p. 367. 15. Das Buch Aristotelis von dem Philosophischen Stein, p. 377. 16. Avicenna von der Zusammenleimung des Steins, p. 391. 17. Epistola Alexandri Macedoniae, p. 402. 18. Ein unbekannter Author von den Geheim- nussen des Steins, p. 409. 19. Die Allegoria Merlini vom Geheimnufs des Steins, p. 413. 20. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rodiani und Kalidis, Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 418. 21. Avicenna von der Alchymia, p. 426. 22. Semita Semitae oder Fufssteig des Fufs- steigs, p. 460. Morgenstern may be, and most likely is, a pseudonym. This is a translation of the Ars A vr if era of 1593 or 1610. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 124. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1866, i. p. 311. 23. Der Thon der Schalmeyen [Clangor Buccinae], P- 473- 24. Die reformirte Alchymie oder Bestraffung der falschen Alchimisten [Correctio fatuorum], P- 578. 25. Ein ungewisser Author von der Kunst Chimia, p. 612. Theil II. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen ausgehen an den Calid, der Aegypter Kdnig, welches Robertus Castrensis aus dem Arabischen in Latein gebracht hat, sig. AS recto and p. 15. Eine Antwort Bernhardi Treuisani an Thomam de Bononia von den Mineralien, und Zusammen- setzung oder Zurichtung des Elixirs, erklaret und ausgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 68. Ein Buch von der giildenen Kunst, dessen Auctor unbekannt und welches zuvor noch nie ausgangen. [There is no such tract in this volume.] Die Leiter der Philosophorum, p. 127. Das Kinderspiel [das Weiberwerck], p. 198. Rosarium Philosophorum mit den Figuren, P- 235- Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze und das Rosarium der Philosophorum, p. 447. Arnoldus, Neues Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 476. Arnoldus, Blume aller Blumen an den Konig von Arragonia geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 493. Arnoldus, Epistel iiber die Alchymia an den Konig von Neapolis, oder zur Neustadt, p. 511. Rogerius Baco, Anglus, von der wunderbarlichen Gewalt der Kunst und Natur, &c., p. 517. Curiously enough Kopp did not know either this edition or that of 1750, and was not aware of the connection of the book with the Ars Aurifera. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 324. MORHOF (DANIEL GEORG). D. G. Morhofl. De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Virum Nobilissimum & Amplissimum Joelem Langelottum, Serenissimi Principis Cimbrici Archiatrum Celeberrimum Epistola. Hamburgi, Ex Officina Gothofredi Schultzen, Prostant & Amsterodami. Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge. M.DC.LXXIII. 8°. Pp. x68. io8 MORHOF—MORIENUS MORHO.F (DANIEL GEORG). Continued. De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Joelem Langelottum Epistola. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 168. Daniel Georg Morhof vom Goldmachen, oder physikaiisch-historische Abhand- lung von Verwandlung der Metalle. Aus dem Lateinischen. Bayreuth, zu finden bey Johann Andreas Liibeck, 1764. 8°. Pp. 136. Wahrhaffter . . . Bericht von der Generation . Danielis Georgii Epistel an Joelem Langelottum. See c, (H. d.). der Metallen auf 1 08 Quaestiones Chemicse. See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Ovum-Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trisme- gistum, 1694, p. 251. cvin Problemata olim auton proposita. See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, 1714, p. 161. Morhof was born at Wismar, 6 Feb. , 1639. From 1660 to 1666 he^was professor of poetry at Rostock, in 1666 he removed to Kiel as professor of poetry and rhetoric, and in 1673 he was professor of history. In 1680 he was made librarian, an office for which he was admirably fitted, and which he turned to the best account in his writings. He would have been no exception to the rule that the librarian who reads is lost, but he has been saved by writing, and his account of libraries and library work has made him an authority with the librarian of to-day. He died at Liibeck, 30 July, 1691. He was a man of very great learning, and of sound critical judgment. His encyclopaedic read- ing and knowledge are displayed in his chief work Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 554. Acta Eruditorum, Julii, 1699, pp. 291-293 (review of the Dissertationes). Morhof, Dissertationes Academicce & Epistolicce, 1699, 4°. Appended to this is his life : ' Vita, qua, . . . labores ejus Academici, & Scripta praecipue, turn edita, turn edenda, . . . enumerantur : . . . accedunt elogia . . .,' pp. 143 [i blank], Reinhard Heinrich Rolle, Memoricephilosophorum, oratoriim, poetarum, &c. , 1710, ii. p. 283. Christianus Henricus, Vita eruditissimorum in re literaria virorum, 1713, p. 282. Niceron, Memoires, 1727, ii. p. 16 ; 1731, x. p. 79- Die Edclgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 180. Stolle, Anleitung zitr Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 173, 499, 592, 598, 609. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccr, 1732, p. 103. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrhcit, 1736, p. 29, &c. , &c. . Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 391, 392, 416, 484 ; iii. pp. 62, 239. Polyhistor, which is a survey of learning on all topics to his own time. The work first appeared at Liibeck, 1688-92, the second edition in 1695, and a revision of this at Liibeck in 1714. For it, Johannes Moller — as full of erudition as Morhof himself — wrote elaborate Prolegomena on Morhof s life and works, including the Polyhistor. The third edition appeared in 1732. To both of these editions portraits of Morhof are prefixed. In the Polyhistor he discusses alchemy and chemistry, among a multitude of other subjects. In his collected papers : Dissertationes Academica et Epistolicce, 1699, 4°, there is a reprint of the ' De Metallorum Transmutatione Epistola,' pp. 245-302. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 560-1 ; iii. pp. 453-488 (elaborate account). Jocher, Allgetneines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iii. col. 671 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun- gen, 1813, iv. col. 2119. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 99. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 633. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. p. 171. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 55°- Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxiv. , sub voce. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 419. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 205. Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1233-34. Prideaux, ' Library Economy (chiefly continental) at the end of the Seventeenth Century,' The Library Association Record, isth March, 1904, vi. pp. 129- 138. MORIENUS. Morieni Romani, quondam Eremitae Hierosolymitani, de transfiguratione metallorum, & occulta, summaque antiquorum Phil osophorum medicina, MORIENUS 109 MORIENUS. Continued. Libellus, nusquam hactenus in lucem editus. Cum Privilegio, Parisiis, Apud Gulielmum Guillard, in via lacobsea, sub diuae Barbarae signo, 1559. 4°. Ff. [a] 34. Liber de Compositione Alchemiae. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. 3. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 509. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen Kunst. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. sig. Aij. recto, & p. I. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. sig. AS recto, & p. 15. Bericht von dem ersten Vrsprung vnd rechten Grund der Alchimey. See CAESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey-Spiegel, 1613, p. 14. Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien, sur le Magistere d'Hermes. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. p. 56. For what is known about Morienus' life and adventures we are indebted to his own narrative contained in the present book. Morienus, a native of Rome, was living there with his parents, and svas studying diligently, when he heard of a philosopher, called Adfar, at Alex- andria, who was reputed to know the Hermetic mysteries. He had also seen some of his writings, and so irresistible was his desire to understand them, that he set off for Alexandria, discovered Adfar after much searching, and became so favoured by him that he was ultimately in- structed in all the secrets. On the death of his teacher, Morienus retired to the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, where he lived a hermit's life. While there he heard that Kalid, the son of Gezid, who reigned in Egypt, was desirous to find some one who could interpret for him the writings of Hermes and of Adfar. He accordingly went to Egypt, found Kalid surrounded by adventurers who pro- fessed to be able to reveal all the mysteries, but who could perform nothing. Morienus set to work in a house which Kalid gave him, and when he had finished the preparation of the elixir wrote on the vessel containing it : ' Omnes qui secum omnia habent, alieno auxilio nullatenus indigent,' left the country and returned to his hermitage. His abrupt departure caused Kalid great dis- appointment, for he perceived what he had lost, Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni /re, 1599, p. 141. Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensa, 1617, p. 141. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652, p. 53 (Norton's Ordinall of Alchimy, chap. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 163, 249. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 12, No. xvii. Keren Happuch . . . odcr Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 54. Boerhaave, Elementa Chemiae, 1732, p. 16. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, pp. 104, 120. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 86-98, 465 ; iii. pp. 37, 45- 65. 239- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lcxicon, 1751, iii. col. 675 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganznn- gen, 1813, iv. col. 2122. and what no one else could supply. So the pseudo- adepts were despatched — happily, by command of Kalid, whose eyes had been opened. Then he set about a search for Morienus, and after many years succeeded at last in finding him and in obtaining from him the key to the mysteries which he had been so long anxious to possess. So sought King Kalid of manie men, Till he met with Aforien, Which helped Kalid at his neede His Vertues caused him to speede, as Norton says in The Ordinall of Alchimy. The ultimate fate of Morienus is unknown, but his conversations with Kalid must have been com- mitted to writing, and they may have come to the West about the time of the Crusades. They were in Arabic, but to make them available they were translated into Latin in February, 1182, by Robertus Castrensis, with a short preface. Jourdain has tried to identify him with Robert de Retines. By Arabic writers the teacher of Kalid is called Marianus or Mourianus ; he is probably the same as Morienus. See under Kalid Ben Jesid. Morienus was the name taken by R. J. F. Schmidt (q.v. ), as a member of the Leopoldine Academia Naturae Curiosorum. Guillard published the second edition : Parisiis, 1564, 4°, ff. [2] 66 [41]. The added part contains Bernhardus' Responsio ad Thomam de Bononia. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 115. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 76. Beytrag enr Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 483. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 2. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 23, 24. The Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philo- sophy, 1814, pp. 9-11. Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur I' Age et rOrigine des Traductions La tines d'Aristote, Paris, 1819, p. 104. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 121. L,a&ra.gue,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 682-683. Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine Arabe, Paris, 1876, i. pp. 62-64. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 346, 353. no MORITZ—MORLEY MOR1TZ (PETER). See AMOR PROXIMI. Moritz is one of the authors to whom this tract He is belauded in the usual terms by Fictuld. has been assigned. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien , 1741, ii. Fictuld, ProHer-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 123. pp. 424-427. MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE). Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, id est, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana. Scilicet trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chimioe, qua publice, qua privatim, Professorum, nunc viventium, atque docentium, qui isthaec discipulis suis, ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, per hos annos, non solum ostenderunt, verum etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Opus, quingentis, & amplius, processibus adornatum, omnibus & Medicis, & Chimicis, & Pharmacopasis, imprimis utile; cum ob insignem plerorumque usitatiorum processuum varietatem, turn ob novam, atque elegantem in singulis operandi rationem, tribus his, tantisque viris, in usu habitam. Collegit, digessit, edidit, Christo- phorus Love Morley, M.D. Anglus. Quis huic operi sit scopus, qua? methodus, quinam Auctores, cseteraque quse Lectorem ignorare non expedit, prsefatio indicabit. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Henricum Drummond, M DC LXXXIV. Sumptibus J. A. de la Font. 4°. Pp. [32] 506. Index [21, i blank]. Vignette of a tortoise, with the motto : Qui va piano va sano. Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana. Olim trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chymicse, qua publice, qua privatim, Professorum, viventium, atque docentium, qui isthsec discipulis suis, ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, illis annis, non solum ostenderunt, verum etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Ante hac collecta, digesta, edita, a Christophoro Love Morley, M.D. Anglo. Nunc autem plurimis novis elegantioribus & accuratioribus experimentis instructa & aucta, meliorem in ordinem redacta, ubivis correcta, a superfluis Processubus mundata per Theodorum Muykens, Med. Doct. Amstelod. Opus nulli non Physico-Medico, Chymico, & Pharma- copaeo necessarium & perutile. Lugduni Batavorum, Sumptib. Cornelii Boutesteyn & Frederici Haaring. M DC XCIII. 8°. Pp. [48, Engraved title included] 587 [37]. Collectanea Chymica Leydensia oder Aufserlesene mehr als 700. Chymische Processe welche von Hn. Maetsio Margravio und le Mortio, ehedessen dreyen beriihmten Professoribus der Chymie zu Leyden, denen damals aus alien Theilen Europae gegenwartigen Autitoribus (sic) so wohl publice als privatim nicht nur gewiesen sondern auch Miindlich dictirt worderi. Vor diesen von Hn. Christoph Ludvvig Morleii. Med. Doct. aus Engelland zusammen getragen, in Ordnung und ans Licht bracht, Nachmals durch Hn. Theodorum Muyckens Med. Doct. zu Amsterdam mit vielen neuen schonen und accuraten Experi- menten vermehret, in richtigere Ordnung gestellet, allenthalben verbessert und von iiberfliifsigen Processen gesaubert Nun aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde MORLE Y—MORSIUS in MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE). Continued. ins Teutsche iibersetzt, Welches alien Medicis, Chymicis, Physicis, Apotheckern und jeden seine Gesundheit liebenden ho'chst nothig und niitzlich. Jena, Verlegts Henr. Christoph Croker, 1696. 8°. Pp. [8, Frontispiece included] 724. The true pagination is 728. Morley (called erroneously Christian by Jocher, and Ludwig by his German translator) flourished about 1680, was a doctor of medicine, and F.R.C.P. He wrote ' De morbp epidemico tarn hujus, quam superioris anni, id est, 1678 et 1679, narratio'; ' Disputatio de rachitide,' Lugd. Bat., 1679, 4°, London, 1679, 1682, 1686, 12°, which I have not seen, and the present work. Manget, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 362. Stolle, Anleitung sur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetiqve, 1742, iii. pp. 239, 240. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. 684 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 2134 (calls him Christian Lowe Morley). Besides the above other editions are mentioned : Leyden, 1688, 4° ; Antwerp, 1702, 8°. The edition of 1696 seems to be the first of the German transla- tion. Others are enumerated : Jena, 1700,8°; 1726, 8°. A review of the Collectanea is given by Manget under THEODORUS MUYKENS (q.V.). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 470; 1788, iv. p. 131. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 28. Gmelin, Geschichte der CAetnie, 1798, ii. p. 122. Morwitz, Geschichte der Aledicin, 1848, i. p. 321. Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, 1861, i. p. 418. Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxix. p. 73 (by Dr. Payne). MORSIUS (JOACHIM). See NOLLIUS (HEINRICH), Via Sapientias Triuna, 1620. See SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON), Tractatus de Vera Medicina, 1621. Kornelius Drebbels Abhandlung von der Quintessenz von Joachim Morsius herausgegeben im Jahre 1621. See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 291. Morsius, a Hamburg patrician, was born 3 January, 1593. After his school years, spent in his native place, he studied theology and polite letters (to which he latterly was specially attracted) from 1610 to 1613 at Rostock, and then at Jena and other German universities. This he did with such success that in 1615 he was chosen by the rector and professors of Rostock University to be their librarian. He undertook the office, but foreign travel proved more attractive to him than literary work, and in 1616 he set out on a ' learned ' journey, and stopped in Hamburg, Stettin, and Leyden, and in 1617 he went to Pomerania, Den- mark and Holland. In 1618 he visited France and Italy, and in 1619 he was at Liibeck, Hamburg, and Rostock, and also in Bremen, Westphalia, Holland, and Belgium, and was present at the Synod of Dordrecht. He crossed to England this same year, and resided in London, Oxford, and Cambridge. In October, 1619, at Cambridge, he was enrolled among the Masters of Arts, and acquired the friendship of many illustrious men. He also makes a boast of the great progress he had made in chemistry. In 1620 he returned to Leyden, and then to his own country and people, where he lived for some time. In 1627 he visited Copenhagen, and Leyden once more in 1628. As this constant travelling, not to speak of his generosity to poor literary men, had made inroads upon his patrimony, though considerable, he was summoned in 1629 before the magistracy by his irritated heirs and relatives as a man of unsettled life, who wasted his means upon non-productive learning and such like pursuits, and who should be deprived of the control of them. Against this he wrote a protest, which was printed in 1629, and went off to Frankfurt a. M. and Strasburg. He seems to have returned soon, for from 1631 to 1636 he made annual journeys to Denmark and Holstein. He was again summoned about 1634 to be restrained from administering his estates. His defence and the part taken by his friends provoked his relatives to such an extent that on his return from Copenhagen in 1636 he was confined in an asylum on the plea that he wasted his property and was not sound in mind. He was kept here for four years, and in 1640 was liberated by order of the King of Denmark. He left his native country and lived in Gltick- stadt, Itzehoe, Kiel, and Ltlbeck. In 1642 he was at the last-mentioned place, but after that date Moller says that he was unable to ascertain what had come of him. He may have died in that year. During his travels he made the acquaintance of a multitude of people, and he kept an album (to which Moller makes reference) in which were autographs and various compositions by the people whom he had met. He had a great reputation for learning and ability, as can be gathered from the dogia and complimentary verses written upon him, as well as front the incidental allusions to him by numerous writers, which are always in the warmest terms. He wrote several books, and edited a consider- able number of works by various writers, but he 112 MORSIUS—MOR W YNG MORSIUS (JOACHIM). Continued. also left works which were never printed, as well as some which were never completed. Lists of these are given by Moller. Among his printed books are the tracts by Nollius, Drebbel, and v. Suchten, and among those that were not printed was a collected edition of the writings of Joh. Isaac Hollandus, Basilius Valen- tinus, Roger Bacon, Guido Magnus, and other alchemical philosophers. One of the most important of his printed works however is that which he wrote under the name of Anastasius Philaretus Cosmopolita, which epithet refers to his wide travels. It is a catalogue of two hundred and twenty-eight manuscripts on theosophy , Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- inorum , \ 708 , Part i i. ' De Scriptoribus Pseudony mis, ' p. 500. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. p. 440. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. cols. 579, 690 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung and Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. col. 2145. the cabala, magic, chemistry, medicine, and philo- sophy, printed at Philadelphia, 1626, 4°. This collection contained manuscripts of Para- celsus and others relating to the Rosicrucians, and Moller conjectures that the collection belonged to Michael Maier or to Nollius, but to the catalogue was added an account of the documents in Morsius' own possession. He also wrote an epistle to the Rosicrucians, Philadelphia, 4°, without date. From these works and references in his writings it is plain thas he was deeply interested in chemistry or alchemy, and in the subjects which were at that time associated with it. Freytag, Adparatus Litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 321-326. Thiess, Versuch einer Gelehrtengeschichte von Hamburg, 1780, ii. p. 47. Saxius, Onomasticon Literarium, 1782, iv. p. 325 (born 1593, died about 1642). MORT QAKOB LE). See LEMORT (JAKOB). Conring, In uni-versam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 388. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 336, 791. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 566. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 428 (list of his writings). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 27, 116. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller '/.eiten nnd Volker, 1886, iv. p. 289. MORVEAU (Louis BERNARD GUYTON DE). Esame delle Affinita' Chimiche. See DANDOLO (VINCENZO), Trattato Elementare di Chimica, 1792, Tomo III. Guyton de Morveau was born at Dijon, 4 Janu- ary, 1737. From 1755 to 1782 he was Avocat- Geneial in the parliament there, professor of chemistry from 1774 to 1787, and member of the Academy. During the Revolution he occupied various political positions in Paris. On the estab- lishment of the Ecole Polytechnique in 1794, he was appointed professor of chemistry, which post he held till 1805. Subsequently he was Director of the School and Administrator of the Mint. From 1796 he was a member of the Institute. His death occurred at Paris, January i or 2, 1816. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 47. Reuss, Repertorium Commentatiomim, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Kes Metallica\ pp. n, 20, 24, 32, 33, 36, 40, 61, 66, 84, 86, 93, 101, 117, 120, 154, 158, 169, 170, 173, 174, 176. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratnr, 1806-08, pp. 392, 396, 397, 411, 430, 473, 554, 555. Berthollet, Fune'railles de M, le Baron Guyton- Morveau (Paris, 1816), 4°. Biographie Universelle, 1817, xix. p. 262 ; n.d. xviii. p. 296 (article by Cuvier). Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), iv- P- 555- He was a member of the Commission with Lavoisier, Berthollet and Fourcroy, which drew up the new nomenclature of chemistry, Paris, 1787, 8 . He introduced chlorine as a disinfectant, was joint editor of the Annales de Chimie, and he— or rather his wife — translated Scheele's ' Essays,' and Werner's 'Characteristics of Fossils.' His papers, which are numerous, appeared in the Dijon Me- moirs, Turin Memoirs, Memoirs of the Institute, and Annales de Chimie. QueYard, La France littiraire, 1829, iii. p. 561. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 317- 324, &c., &c. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1859, xxii. col. 968. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 981. Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de ses Fondateurs, 1865, p. 123. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1869, ii. p. 545. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der netiern Zeit, 1873, pp. 87, 132, &c. , &c. MORWYNG (PETER). See GESNER (CONRAD), A new booke of destillatyon of waters, 1565. MOR WYNG—MO UFET He was subsequently appointed private chaplain to Dr. Bentham, bishop of Lichfield, and on 25 Jan., 1559, was ordained prebendary and afterwards canon of Lichfield, and well beneficed. He translated Josephus' History of the Wars of the Jews, besides the present work. He was still living at Lichfield in May, 1579, and was one of Bishop Bentham's administrators. Wood, Athenee Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813, i. cols. 454, 526, 582 ; 1815, ii. col. 174. MORWYNG (PETER). Continued. Morwyng, a native of Lincolnshire, studied in Oxford, graduated B.A., and was made perpetual fellow of Magdalene College in 1552. He was a famous Reformer, and when Queen Mary came to the throne, he, like others, went abroad and lived in Germany. On the accession of Elizabeth he returned and was reinstated in his fellowship, and in 1559 obtained the degree of M.A. , and was dis- tinguished for his skill in Greek and Latin. Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, P- 536. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 379. MOSES. Testament, oder der Fiirstlich-Monarchische Rose von Jericho. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 39. Urim et Thumim Moysis. See MENSENRIET, 1737. Der von Mose und denen Propheten iibel urtheilende Alchymist. See SCHMID (j. G.), 1706. The name of Moses appears in some of the Greek alchemical manuscripts, but he is a different person from the Hebrew lawgiver. The latter, however, was also claimed as a chemist and alchemist, on the ground of the destruction of the golden calf. Much controversy on this subject was engaged in in the seventeenth century, and it was even revived in the nineteenth, some holding that the gold was dissolved, thereby implying on Libavius, Commentariorum AlchymicE Pars Prima, 1606, pp. 2, 15. Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensce, 1617, pp. 59-61 (maintains that the destruction of the gold was not effected by ' sharp waters ' or by the addition of anything, and that Moses was a true chemist), 189-190. Conriug, De Hermetica sEgyptiorum vetere ct Paracelsicorum nova ' Medicina liber unus, 1648, pp. 64, 142, 143, 161, 393. Borrichius, De Ortit et Progressu Chemice, 1668, p. 46. Conring, De Hermetica Medicina, Libri duo, 1669, pp. 22, 41, 65, 158, 431. Borrichius, Hermetis, Aegyptiorum et Chcmi- cortim sapientia . . . vindicata, 1674, p. 225. G. W. Wedel, Exercitationum medico-philologi- carum Decades IX. , Jense, 1699, p. i. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Tentsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. i. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, ed. Harles, 1708, i. p. 49. Lambecius, Prodromus Histories literaries, 1710, p. 151 (a tract on Chemistry). G. E. Stahl, Opitsciilnmchymico-physico-medicum, 1715. P- 585- Moses' part acquaintance with aqua regia, others that it was merely mechanically subdivided. By certain writers, as by Huetius, Hermes and Moses were identified, and this subject is referred to also by Fabricius and Libavius. See the refer- ences under HERMES and compare JANITOR PANSOPHUS. The Greek writings which pass under his name have been printed by Berthelot. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1723, Th. ii. p. 26 (meant as an answer to the ' Fegfeuer '). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 18 ; iii. pp. 22, 240. W. Herapath, ' Early Egyptian Chemistry,' Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, 1852, iii. p. 528. J. Denham Smith, ' Early Egyptian Chemistry,' Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, 1852, iv. p. 142 (a reply to Herapath's paper). Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, pp. 396-402. Ladrague, Bibliothlque Owaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 647. Berthelot, Les Origines de I 'Alchimie, 1885, pp. 54, 171 & passim. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 209 ; ii. p. 395. Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs, 1888, i. pp. 16, 61, ty* passim ; ii. pp. 300-315 &» passim (writings in Greek) ; iii. pp. 287-302 (translation) \.r\fA&r,GrundlagezueinerHessischenGekhrlen p. 342. und Schriftstelkr Geschichte, 1797, xi. p. 369. NEDAGANDER. Kurze jedoch griindliche und einfaltige Anleitung zu dem grossen Natur- geheimnifs des Lapidis Philosophici in einem Briefe an die wahren Besitzer nebst einem Probierstein der Materia entworfen von Nedagandro. Ham- burg, gedruckt mit Trausoldischen Schriften. 1753. 8°. Pp. 32. [Another Copy.] Kurtze Anleitung zum Natur Geheimniss. See GEDANCKEN ... in einer Antwort auf des Herrn Nedagandri Brief, 1754. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 1779, "I- P- 203. Under the erroneous form Nelagander this Gmelin, but not by any of the other authorities, author with the above book is referred to by Beytrag zur Geschichte der liohern Chemie, 1785, Gmelin, Geschichte der Cheinie, 1798, ii. p. 316. p. 672. NEGROPONTE (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS DOBRZENSKY A). See DOBRZENSKY (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS). To what has been already said under Dobrzen- Prague in 1668, was extraordinary professor of sky may be added that Matthioe calls him a medicine in 1659, wrote a book, De Fpntium genio, Bohemian, says he took the degree of M.D. at Ferrariae, and in 1680 the Praservativum. Georgius Matthine, Conspectus Historic Medi- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice 1779, iii. coruin chronologicus, 1761, p. 846. p. 285. 134 NEIDHOLD-NERI NEIDHOLD (JOHANN). See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). NEITHOLD QOHANN). See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). NENTER (GEORG PHILIPP). Bericht von der Alchemie. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 147. The Tabula Smaragdina, with a German version, is printed on p. 154. See also NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON), Aurei Velleris Supplementum, 1733, p. 24. Reprint of the Tabula Smaragdina and the German version. Nenter, of Gelnhausen (Haller), apparently the works in which he expounded his views were graduated at Strasburg in 1704, with a ' Dispu- severely criticised. In none of the authorities is the tatio de vesicatoriorum usu.' He became a present work included. It is interesting, however, distinguished practitioner and professor at Stras- as a historical sketch and defence of alchemy by a burg, and was a declared follower of Stahl, but believer in it. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. 1731, II. i. p. 407. p. 373. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Fuchs, Repertorium der chemiscken Litteratur, Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 379. 1806-08, p. 223. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 345 ; p. 584. 1849, ii. p. 247. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1706 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, ii. (list of works). p. 378. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mdde- col. 856; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- cine, 1858, III. ii. p. 634. ungen, 1816, v. col. 485. 'La.d.ragMe,BibliothequeOuvarofi,Sciences Secretes, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 104. 1870, No. 1358. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 88. Dictionnaire encyclopddique des Sciences Mfdi- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 567 cales, seme SeYie, 1878, xii. p. 94. (where he calls him ' J. Phil. Nenter'). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 530. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 38. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der kervorra- Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. 1778, iii. p. 382. p. 352. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 703. NERI (ANTONIO). AntonI Neri Florentini, de Arte Vitraria Libri Septem, & in eosdem Christoph. Merretti Med. D. & Societ. Regiae Socii. Observationes & Notse. In quibus omne gemmarum artificialium, encaustorum & laccarum artificium explicatur. Amstelodami, Apud Andream Frisium, 1668. 12°. Pp. [28] 1-232 [2 blank] ; Merrett's Notes, 233-455 (f°r 445) t1?]- Engraved title included in the pagination. 6 plates. Woodcut of a Prince Rupert's drop. Vignette with the motto : Optimi Consultores Mortui. Anthonii Neri, eines Priesters und Chymisten von Florentz Sieben Biicher : Handlend von der kiinstlichen Glafs- und Crystallen- Arbeit, oder Glafsmacher- Kunst und alle dem jenigen, was dazu gehoret. Sambt denen, dariiber von Christoph Merret, der Artzney Doctorn, und Mitglied der Konigl. Gesellschafft in Engelland, &c. gefertigten aufsbiindigen Anmerckungen. Und wird hierinnen zugleich auch die vollkomene W[is]senschafft, wie man allerhand, denen Natiirl. gantz gleichkommende E[del]gestein nachkiinstlen, wie auch vielerley rare (vor die Gold- und Silbfer-] Arbeiter hochst niitzliche) in Europa noch nicht bekandte oder gebrau[ch]lich gewesene durchsichtige Rubin- und Rosenfarbene Schmeltze und sch[6ne ?] Lacken, sambt der wahren Ultramarin- NERI—NEU-A UFFGEHENDE 135 NERI (ANTONIO). Continued. Farb &c. auf Spagyrische (das [ist] Chymische Weise) zubereiten moge, griindlich gehandlet, aufsfiihrlich demonstrirt und deutlich erklahrt : Wie ingleichen auch ein Bedencken, ob und welchergestalt wohl konne die Mallea- bilit[at] dem Glase (das ist : dafs es sich hammern lassen moge) beybracht werden, mit eingefuhret ist. Verdeutscht durch Friedrich Geifslern. Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Johann Grossen und Consorten. Gedruckt bey Christoph Uhmans sel. Witbe. 1678. 8U. Pp. [32] 283 [5] ; 3 engravings ; Merrett's Anmerckungen, 184, 6 plates and a woodcut. Title red and black. The title-page is cropped in the front margin. Neri flourished at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth centuries, and is said to have been born in Florence. He was a priest (see L'Arte Vitraria, 1612, cap. 31, p. 27), worked probably at Murano, was in Florence in 1602 (Ibid. cap. 22, p. 21), at Antwerp in 1609 (Ibid. cap. 44, p. 48), where he lived for a long time in the house .of Emanuel Ximenes, a Portu- guese, returned to Italy and resided at Pisa, to which place he often refers, and published his book in 1612. His death is put in 1614. He was an adept in the making of coloured pastes. The editions of his book which I have seen are the following : L'Arte Vetraria, Firenze, 1612, 4°. Hardly any of the older authorities seem to know this edition, not even Beckmann, who quotes the edition of Venice, 1663 only, though he adds that there must have been one of an earlier date. L'Arte Vetraria, Impressione Seconda, Firenze, 1661, small 8°. The Art of Glass, translated by Christopher Merrett, with his notes, London, 1662, 8°. L'Arte Vetraria, Venetia, 1663, 12°. Konig, Bib/iotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 571. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 255. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 408. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 106 (Kunckel's edition, 1689). Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 416. Theophilus Sincerus, Thesaurus Bibliothecalis, 1739, iii. pp. 246-48, No. clvii. (refers to Neri, p. 246 ; to Merrett, pp. 246-7 ; to Kunckel, p. 248). Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1794 (Neri wrote seven books on the Art of Glass — no date given — translated by C. Merrett, Lond. , 1622 (which is a misprint), later editions : Amst., 1668, 12° ; 1679, 4°). Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, HI. col. 863 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdm- Ars Vitraria, Latin translation, by Andreas Frisius, with Merrett's notes, Amstel., 1668, 12°. Reissued with an altered title-page in 1669. L'Arte Vetraria, Venetia, 1678, 12°. Johann Kunckel, Ars Vitraria Experimentalis (in German), Frankf. u. Leip., 1679, 4°. Also with the imprint, Amsterd. u. Dantzig, 1679, 4°. Ars Vitraria, Frisius translation, Amst., 1686, 12°. Kunckel, Ars Vitraria, Frankf. u. Leip., 1689, 4°. Holbach, Art de la Verrerie, Paris, 1752, 4°. Kunckel, Glassmacherkunst, Niirnberg, 1756, 4°- L'Arte Vetraria (appended to the Italian trans- lation of Baume"s Chemistry), Venezia, 1787, 8°. L'Arte Vetraria, Milano, 1817, 8°. Art of Glass, Middlehill, 1826, folio. The book is commended by Morhof, and there is a note about Neri and the gold purple in Beck- niann's Beytrage. It formed the main part of the work on glass- making afterwards issued by Blancourt. ungen, 1816, v. col. 496. (Rotermund quotes the editions of 1612, 1661 (Venetia, sic), 1663; Amst, 1668, Geifsler's translation, Frft. & Leipz. 1678, 8° ; Kunckel's translation, 1743, 4°, Italian, 1781, with Baum^'s Chemistry.) Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100. Beckmann, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfin- dungen, 1786, i. p. 383 ; English translation, 1814, i. p. 203. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 605. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 188, 307. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 354. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 303 ; 1869, ii. p. 294. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •wdrterbuch) 1863, ii. p. 269. NEUE Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger. See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). NEU-ANGEZUNDT-HELL-BRENNENDES Feuer, oder Mercurial-Liecht. See MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne, samt ihrem Glantz und Schein, weiset alle Gott-ergebene Sucher, auff den rechten Pfad, subjectum ac primam materiam Lapidis Philosophorum & omnium rerum zu suchen, zu finden, und zu elaboriren; wie dann das nothigste aus wahrer Philosophorum 1 36 -NE U-A UFFGEHENDE—NE UMANN NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne. Continued. Schrifften extrahirt beygefiigt zu finden. Von einem Treu-meinenden Freunde zusammen getragen, und alien Bekiimmerten zum Trost heraus gegeben. Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. 1740. 8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-118 [2 pp. errata, 2 pp. blank] ; Supplementum, 119-133 [i blank]. About the authorship of this tract see STEINBERGEN (c. F. VON). Kopp (Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390) quotes this edition. NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne, samt ihrem Glantz und Schein, weiset alle Gott-ergebene Sucher, auf den rechten Pfad, subjectum ac primam materiam Lapidis Philosophorum & omnium rerum zu suchen, zu finden, und zu elaboriren ; wie dann das nothigste aus wahrer Philosophorum Schrifften extrahirt beygefiigt zu finden. Von einem Treu-meinenden Freunde zusammen getragen, und alien Bekiimmerten zum Trost heraus gegeben. Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1750. 8°. Pp. [1-12] 13-112; Supplementum, 113-127 [i blank]. Ladrague (Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1383) quotes this edition only. NEU-EROFFENDE Schatz-Kammer allerhand rarer sehr curioser und sender- barer Chymischer, Physicalischer und Oeconomischer Geheimnisse, wobey nicht nur eine aufrichtige Handleitung zur wiircklichen Bereitung der so genannten Philosophischen Tinctur, sondern auch unterschiedene sehr vor- theilhaffte Particularia, Allen Liebhabern naturlicher und hermetischer Wahr- heiten auf das deutlichste gezeiget werden. Leipzig, verlegts David Richter, 1734- 8°. Pp. 87 [9], Title red and black. Imperfect, wants pp. 53-4, 59-60, 71-4. Anderer Theil, 1736. Pp, [2] 89-178 [4]. Imperfect ; wants pp. 103-4, II7'I34- On the assumption that the substances named not. The want of sound theory is everywhere are the same as those meant now, this tract is of apparent, and no better demonstration of its indis- some value as disclosing the practical methods of pensability for true scientific and technological certain of the chemists of the time and the ideas by progress could be desired than the consideration of which they were guided. The processes are such a collection of haphazard processes as the empirical and the practical results, or the substances present, obtained, are more frequently misinterpreted than NEUMANN (CASPAR). Lectiones Chymicae von Salibus Alkalino-Fixis und von Camphora, als zwey Proben, umb daraus zu sehen, wie alle iibrige Lectiones bey dem in Berlin gestiffteten Konigl. Collegio Medico-Chirurgico publice abgehandelt, und die Chymische Materien bearbeitet oder demonstriret werden von D. Caspar Neumann Chymiae pract. Prof. P. Mit-Glied des Konigl. Ober-Collegii Medici und der beyden Societaten der Wissenschafften zu Berlin und London, wie auch erster Hoff-Apothecker. Veritas est Simplex. Berlin, gedruckt bey des Konigl. Preufsis. Hof-Buchdr. Gotthard Schlech- tigers Wittwe. Anno MDCCXXVII. 4°. Pp. [8] 164. NEUMANN 137 NEUMANN (CASPAR). Continued. Lectiones Publicas Von Vier Subjectis Pharmaceuticis, Nehmlich vom Succino, Opio, Caryophyllis Aromaticis, und Castoreo. . . . Nee adfirmare sustineo, de quibus dubito, nee subducere, quae accepi. Curt. Lib. ix. Cap. i. Berlin, bey Ambrosino Haude. M DCC XXX. 4°. Pp. [19, i blank] 226 [should be 228]. Lectiones Publicae Von Vier Subjectis Chimicis, Nehmlich vom Salpeter, Schwefel, Spiefs-Glas und Eisen, . . . Quantum experientia in universa Chymia procedit Tantum ratio de ejus certitudine statuere debet. Berlin, gedruckt bey Job. Gottfr. Michaelis, Konigl. Preufs. privil. Buchdr. 1732. 4°. Pp. [14] 440. Wants pp. 43-46, 131-134. Lectiones Publicae Von Vier Subjectis Diseteticis, Nehmlich von den . . . viererley Gelrancken, Vom Thee, Caffee, Bier, und Wein, . . . Sanior esse poles, si cum moderamine poles, Non quantum veils, sed quanlum debeas, non quid cupias, sed quid convenial. Leipzig, bey Gottlob Benjamin Fromman, Buchhandl. des Waisenhauses in Ziillichau, 4°. Pp. [28] 468. Disquisilio de Ambra Grysea, welche an die Konigl. Gros-Brillann. Wellberiihmle Socielal der Wissenschafflen geschickel worden von D. Caspar Neumann, . . . Samml einem kurlzen Vorberichl solcher Memoire halber, Anielzo, weil wenigen Personen die Englandische Transacliones Philosophicae vorkommen, in deutscher Sprache pub- licirel, von Einem Liebhaber der Hisloriae Naluralis. Drefsden, bey Golllob Chrislian Hilschern, Konigl. Pohln. und Churfl. Sachfs. privil. Hof-Buchhandlern, 1736. 4°. Pp. [16] 116. Neumann was born al Ziillichau in Silesia, n July, 1683, sludied pharmacy, iravelled wilh Ihe king as his apolhecary, and also al his expense in Germany, Holland and England, where he resided for five years. He returned lo Berlin, made fresh journeys lo England, France and Ilaly, was ap- pointed Court apolhecary and afterwards professor of praclical chemislry in Ihe Medico-chirurgical College, and in 1724 he was made supreme surveyor of the apothecaries in Prussia. He was a member of the Royal Societies of London and Berlin, of the Instilule of Bologna, was received i March, 1728, inlo the Academia Nalurae Curiosorum wilh the name Synesius, was Hofrath, honorary doclor of Halle, and assessor of the Supreme College of Medicine. He died at Berlin, 20 Oct., 1737, highly esteemed at home and abroad, and familiarly acquainted with all the chemists of his time. 'Ma.r\gzl,Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mtdicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 409 (review of his ' Lectiones chymicte de sal i bus alcalino-fixis. . . . 1727'). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, p. 107. Kestner, Medicmisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 585- Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 244- 247. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 246-47. 'Elogiaseu Historia Vilas Casp. Neumanni,' in Acta Academies Cessarece Natures Curiosorum, 1748, viii. App. pp. 243-262, where also is a portrail of him. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 882; Rolermund's Fortsetznng und Ergdnzun- gen, 1816, v. col. 564. Blichner, Academia . . . Nature Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 499, No. 400. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 189. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 196. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 232. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 385. He published his preleclions at the request of his friends, so that the scope of his teaching might be known. He communicated papers lo Ihe Berlin Academy and some lo Ihe Royal Society. That on fixed alkaline salts was read to the latler sociely by Hankwitz (remembered as the first manufaclurer of phosphorus) and was prinled in Ihe Phil. Trans. for 1726-27, xxxiv. Nos. 392, 393, and his disserta- tion on camphor was also communicated to the same society (Phil. Trans, for 1724-25, xxxiii. No. 380). He was an energetic and successful chemist. His systemalic leclures were published after his death. They were translated into English by Lewis, Lond., 1760, 4°; 2nd ed. Lond., 1773, 8°, 2 vols. ; into French by Roux, Paris, 1781, 4°, and Dulch, Leeuwarden, 1766, 8°. His papers were collecled and prinled : Ziillichau, 1749-55, 4 vols., 4°- Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. in. Grnelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1798, ii. pp. 473, 603-05 (his life), 684 (his leclures), 705 ; 1799, iii. P- !S- Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, 111. (Chemia et Res Metallica\ pp. 66, 67, 70, 95, 108, 116, 160, 184. Fried. Carl Golllob Hirsching, Historisch-litter- arisches Handbuch beriihmter und denkwiirdi$er Personen die in dem achlsehnten Jahrhunderte gelebt haben, Leipzig, 1804, vi. p. 130. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Lilteratur, 1806-08, pp. 128, 244, 251, 260, 262, 269, 298. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 322. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 413 ; 1869, ii. p. 411. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Me'dicalc, 1855, ii. p. 208. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- iwrterbuch , 1863, ii. col. 273. Aug. Wilh. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen aus der Berliner Vergangenheit , 1882, pp. 10, 61. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 825. 138 NEUN—NIGROPONTE NEUN und siebenzig grosse und sonderbahre Wunder. See REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH), 1690. NEW (A) Light of Alchymy. See F. (j.). NICHTHOLD. See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). NICHT-WESENDE Dinge. See UTIS UDENIUS. NICOLAUS Praepositus. See PR^POSITUS (NICOLAUS). NICOLS (THOMAS). Thomas Nicols Professoren der hohen Schule zu Cambridge in Engeland, Beschreibung der Steine sowol Edel als Gemeine darinnen derer Gestalt, Kraffte, Tugenden, Medicin, Eigenschafften, Preifs und Werth auf das Deut- lichste gezeiget wird Samt beygesetzten Warnungen sich fiir derer Verfalschung wohl zu hiiten wegen seiner Fiirtrefflichkeit aus dem Engelischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet durch Johann Langen. Culmbach, zu finden bey Nathanael Lumscher, druckts Friederich Elias Dietzel, 1734. 8°. Pp. 16, 274. Index [14]. A translation by Lange of A Lapidary, or the N. Brooke, 1653 ; third, Gemmarius fidelius, or History of Pretious Stones, by Thomas Nicols, the Faithful Lapidary, London, H. Marsh, 1659. sometimes of Jesus-Cottedge in Cambridge, Cam- The author was born in Cambridge, and was the bridge, 1652, 4°, pp. [12] 239 [i blank], folding son of Dr. John Nicols, a practitioner there. No table. The translation originally appeared at Ham- details of his life are given. burg in 1675, and as it had become rare and was an The editors of the German translation could find excellent book, Roth-Scholtz was minded to publish nothing about him. a new edition. He did not accomplish his design, Jocher has confused him with Thomas Nicolls, and it was left therefore to Lumscher and Dietzel to the translator of Thucydides, who lived a century bring one out. earlier. The English work was issued with three different Rotermund calls the present work a valuable title pages : first, with that already quoted; second, one. Arcula Gemmea : a Cabinet of Jewels, London, Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, (calls him Nicolotius, a learned Englishman who 1730, ii. p. 570. wrote a book on precious stones). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi. 1732, p. 107 (edition of Hamburg, 1675). col. 930 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun- Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 412 (II. ii. 2, gen, 1816, v. col. 692. c. 33, § i). Gentleman's Magazine, 1842, ii. pp. 430, 594. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 626 Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, 1845, iii. p. 475. Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xli. p. 54. NIETHOLD QOHANN). See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). NIGER HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS). See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). NIGROPONTE. See NEGROPONTE (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS DOBRZENSKY A). NODUS— NOLLIUS 139 NODUS Sophicus Enodatus. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p. 73. NODUS Sophicus Enodatus. Das 1st, Erlauterung etlicher Vornehmen Philoso- phischen Schrifften und Tractaten vom Stein der Weisen, nach dem Lauff der Natur zusammen gewunden und verkniipffet, nunmehr aber in diesen letzten Zeiten, nach erschienener Morgenrothe der Weifsheit und eingetretenen Seculo Eliae Aristae (sic) den filiis Doctrinae Hermeticas zum besten auffgeloset und erklaret : Durch einen treuen Teutschen Philosophum und Liehhabern der Natur gemasen Chymischen Kunst und verborgenen Weifsheit Gottes. Kinder-Bett, des Steins der Weisen durch einen unbekandten Cavalier, in Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben, und nun aus den Frantzosischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet. Durch J. L. M. C. Hamburg, Verlegts Gottfried Liebernickel, 1692. 8°. Pp. [2] 45 [3 blank]. Title red and black. This contains the Kinder-Bett only, with a separate title-page. The Ouvaroff copy was apparently complete, it author of the Deutsches Fegefeuer der Chemisten, contained pp. xiv. 96. the artist Elias, as he calls himself, is the editor of In the Beytrag a different title is given (which these small tracts." The author referred to is Dr. was repeated by Kopp) : Beschreibung der uralten Soldner (y.v.), if this be correct ; but it was Lange Wissenschaft vom Stein der Weisen : Erlauterung and not he who was the translator of the Kinder- etlicher alchemistischer Schriften, und Kinderbette Bett. I have not met with the French original des Steins der Weisen, aus dem Franzosisch, of the latter tract. Hamb., 1692, 8°, and there it is said that "the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences p. 644. Secretes, 1870, No. 1291. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 352, 383. NOTHIGE Erinnerung an die Liebhaber der Kunst Gold zu machen. See ZORN (j.). NOLLIUS (HEINRICH). Naturae Sanctuarium : Quod est, Physica Hermetica. In Studiosorum Sincerioris Philosophiae gratiam, ad promouendam rerum naturalium veritatem, methodo perspicua & admirandorum Secretorum in Naturae abysso latentium Philoso- phica explicatione decenter in vndecim libris tractata ab Henrico Nollio Phil. & Medicinae vtriusq; Doctore, eiusdemq; in incluto Arnoldino, quod est Stein- furti, Professore publico. En dabo in Hermetis doctrinam introitum ! attende : Sapiens Amplectitur Tacite Veritatem Reiectis Nugis Vanitatum Scholasticarum. Sub finem duae Appendices, quarum I. Pansophiae fundamentum, & II. Philosophiam Hermeticam de lapide Philosophorum quatuor tractatibus antehac editis, iam vero recognitis & auctis comprehensam explicat, annexa sunt. Praeterea etiam Remora studij Medici, ex qua de Medicina mea Hermetica breue in lucem emittenda cordatus Lector facile iudicare potest, adiecta est, & errores Medicorum multorum inibi dilucide deteguntur. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni, sumptibus lonae Rosae. M.DCXIX. 8°. Pp. 838 [for 848] [12, 4 blank]. The initials of the motto denote SATVRNVS. 140 NOLLIUS NOLLIUS (HEINRICH). Continued. Theoria Philosophise Hermeticae, Septem Tractatibus, quorum primus est ; I. Verus Hermes. II. Porta Hermeticse Sapientige. III. Silentium Hermeticum. IV. Axiomata Hermetica. V. De Generatione Rerum Naturalium. VI. De Regeneratione Rerum Naturalium, & VII. De Renovatione. Explicata ab Henrico Nollio Medicinae in Illustri Illustrium Comitum Benthe- micorum Gymnasio, quod est Steinfurti, Professore ordinario. Ambros. de Off. Non est gloriosa victoria, nisi vbi fuerint laboriosa certamina. Hanoviae, Apud Petrum Antonium, Anno M. DC. XVI I. 8°. Pp. 119 [i blank]. Vignette: A man trying to scale a rock on the top of which is a pelican's nest, with this legend : Invia virtuti nulla est via. Via Sapientiae Triuna Henrici Nollii, Theosophi & Medici, Professoris Stein- furtensis. Edita ab Anastasio Philareto Cosmopolita. Ludovicus Vives. Quae in iuventute elato supercilio putabam esse Thesauros in Philosophia, tam conversus & senex, video vix stercora esse, & tantum remoras vitae piae, studiorumq; necessariorum fuisse. Anno Saplente IVDICe, trIVMphat Verltas. 8°. Sigs. A 1-4, B-D in eights ; or pp. [56]. The chronogram is 1620. Anastasius Philaretus is a pseudonym of JOACHIM MORSIUS (q. v.). Systema Medicinae Hermeticae Generale, in quo I. Medicinae verae fundamentum. "| . ,., . ,. . ... TT „ . . Methodo dilucidissima generahter II. Samtatis conseruatio. ,. TTT ir i , ^ • exphcantur III. Morborum cogmtio, & Curatio. ) Ab Henrico Nollio Philochymiatro. Prostat. In nobilis Francoforti Palthe- niana. Anno MDCXIII. 8°. Pp. 127 [i blank]. This was translated into English with the following title : Hermetical Physick : Or, The right way to preserve, and to restore Health. By that famous and faithfull Chymist, Henry Nollius. Englished by Henry Uaughan, Gent. London. Printed for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop, at the Princes Armes in St. Pauls Church- Yard, 1655. Small 12°, pp. [8] 130. Heinrich Nolle, or Noll, or Nollius, flourished in conformatus, Francof. 1615, 8° ; Verae Physices the first quarter of the seventeenth century. He Compendium novum, Steinfurti, 1616, 8°; Ars et was a teacher at the Gymnasium at Steinfurt in per propriam indagationem et per revelationern Westphalia, professor of philosophy at the newly- aliquid discendi, Steinfurti, 1617 ; Alchimia philo- founded University of Giessen, and pastor in sophica, Francof., 1619, 8°. Mundanus in his Darmstadt. He had studied not only philosophy answer to Dickinson alludes to a sort of alchemical and theology, but had devoted himself to chemistry romance or allegory entitled : ' Iter Philareti ad and medicine, and was a devoted follower of Montem Mercurii.' The German translator, as Paracelsus. His works relate chiefly to hermetic quoted by Schroder, is of opinion that this writing medicine and philosophy. is not by Dickinson but by Nollius. One hundred Besides the above he wrote : De Generatione and twenty years ago his books were said to be rerum naturalium liber, ex vero naturae lumine rare. NOLL1US—NOR TON 141 NOLLIUS (HEINRICH). Continued. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 167, 268. Edmund Dickinson, De Chrysopoeia, no date (about 1683), p. 171. Mercklin, Lin dent us renovatus, 1686, p. 397. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 482-490. Burcardus Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Philo- sophica, Jena, 1728, p. 159, §viii. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptoritm Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 414. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1740, P- 592- Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1198. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741 (T. ii. 1. 17. c. 18. §26. p.m. 652), T. ii. p. 254. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 476 ; iii. p. 247. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 971 ; Rotennund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1816, v. col. 786. Fictuld, Probier-Siein, 1753, Th. i. p. 116. Schroder, Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771, i. p. 170. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii. P- 433- Missiv an die Hocherleuchtele Bruderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp. 119-121. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 572, 600, 602, 604. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemiet 1797, i. pp. 514, 515 note d (list of his works). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 350. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 344, 357, 384. NON-ENTIA Chymica. See UTIS UDENIUS. NORMA. Regel vnnd wahre Richtschnur, oder der wahre Probierstein, auff welchen alle Alchymisten, beydes bofs und gut sollen probiert werden. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 277. NORTHON. See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752. The person here called Northon is the same as Josaphat Friederich Hautnorthon. NORTON (SAMUEL). Alchymiae Complementum, et Perfectio seu Modus et Processus argumentandi sive multiplicand! omnes Lapides, & Elixera in virtute, sive qualitate, & etiam in quantitate, una cum projectionis via. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi inchoatus nunc verb ab Edmundo Deano Anglo Med. D. Medico Eboracensi auctior & perfectior editus. Cui accessit Explanatio Intentionis Philosophorum, cum de decimo loquuntur numero, in quo Opus finiri debet : in qua etiam miraculosum ostenditur Secretum Lapidis animalis ex sanguine humano secundum Georgium Riplaeum. Denub adjuncta est Conclusio libri, omnibus sex Libris Alchymicis prius a nobis editis, Deque ac huic, inserviens Terentius. ^quum est ignoscere, quae sine reprehensione veteres facti- tarunt, si faciant novi. Idem. Bum esse quaestum in animum induxi maximum, quam maximb servire vestris commodis. Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelii, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 17. [3 full-page engravings.] [Another Copy.] Catholicon Physicorum, seu Modus Conficiendi Tincturam Physicam & Alchymicam a veteribus Philosophis adeb sollicite quaesitam, sed a nullo adhuc mortalium, seu priscorum, seu recentiorum plene ac perfecte traditam ; 142 NORTON NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued, vna cum eiusdem Tinctune accurtatione. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc verb editus labore & industria Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Eboracensis Medici, auctior & perfection Cui accessit Ramus Triplex de compositione Lactis virginis, seu Aceti Philosophorum. Autor incertus, Hie Lapis triangulus est in esse, quadrangulus in qualitate. Francofurti, Typis Caspar! Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 16. 3 full-page engravings in the text. [Another Copy.] Elixer, seu Medicina Vitse, seu Modus Conficiendi Verum Aurum, et Argentum potabile cum vtriusq; virtutibus, & potestatibus secundum antiquorum, & neotericorum consensum, Olim a Samuele Nortonio Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc verb editus industria, & opera Edmundi Deani Angli, Med. D. Ebora- censis Medici auctior, & perfection Cui etiam accessit modus reddendum vitrum ductile, & malleabile. Paracelsus. Recta via facilis, sed & paucissimis reperitur. Terentius. Vna ad quodlibet cuivis accedendi via non est. Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 14 [2 blank], i full page engraving. [Another Copy.] Mercurius Redivivus, seu Modus Conficiendi Lapidem Philosophicum tarn album, quam rubeum e Mercurio. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristolensi inchoatus: Nunc verb editus opera & studio Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Eboracensis Medici, auctior & perfection Cui accessit modus faciendi utrumq; Fermentum tarn album e Luna, siue argento, quam rubeum e Sole, siue auro. Clangor Buccinae. Extrahe Arg. Vivum, seu Lapidem Philosophorum tarn a corporibus, quam ab Arg. viuo, quoniam vnius sunt naturae, & habebis Mercurium, & Sulphur de ilia materia super terram, de qua aurum, & argentum generatum est in terra. Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 20. 5 full-page engravings in the text. [Another Copy.] Metamorphosis Lapidum Ignobilium in Gemmas quasdam Pretiosas, seu Modus Transformandi Perlas parvas, et minutulas, in siagnas & nobiles ; ac etiam construendi Carbunculos artificiales, aliosque lapides pretiosos, naturalibus NORTON 143 NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued. praestantiores, Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc vero editus diligentia Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Eboracensis medici, auctior & perfection Cui accessit modus componendi Electrum artificiale, omnium Elixerum supremum ; cum indicatione Electri naturalis & metallici, veteribus prorsus incogniti. Terentius. Plurima, dum incipias, gravia sunt, dumque ignores : ubi cogno- veris, facilia. Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelii, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 12. i full-page engraving. [Another Copy.] Saturnus Saturatus Dissolutus, et Coelo Restitutus, seu Modus Componendi Lapidem Philosophicum tam Album, quam Rubeum e Plumbo; ac etiam eadem methodo e loue, siue Stanno. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristolensi inchoatus. Nunc vero edente Edmundo Deano Med. D. Eboracensi Medico, auctus, illustratus, & perfectus. Cui accessit Accurtatio operis Saturni, vna cum modo extrahendi Arg: viuum e Plumbo. Accessit prseterea Tractatus paruus de metho (sic) Philoso- phorum in opere Saturni secundum Georgium Riplaeum auctus, & emendatus; vna cum Accuratione Riplaeana Mercurij Sublimati emendata etiam, & auctiore reddita. Terentius. Nihil recte fit, quod contra naturam fit. Paracelsus. Alchymia vera est, quse vnica tantum arte Lunam, & Solem ex S. Metallis imperfectis fabricare docet. Aliud receptum non admittit prseter illud, quod sic & vere loquitur : Solum ex Metallis, in Metallis, per Metalla, & cum Metallis perfecta Metalla fiunt. Nam in alijs Metallis est Luna, & in alijs Sol. Francofurti, Typis loan-Nicolai Stoltzenbergeri, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 24. 3 full-page engravings. [Another Copy.] Tractatulus de Antiquorum Scriptorum Considerationibus in Alchymia; Con- tinens Interpretationem obscurorum verborum, nominum & locutionum Artis, Olim a Samuele Nortono alias Rinuillo Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc verb editus studio, labore & industria Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Oxon. Medici Eboracensis emendatior, auctior & perfectior. Fraocofurti (sic), Typis Caspari Rdtelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri. Anno M.D.XXX. (sic). 4°. Pp. 13 [2, i blank]. Venus Vitriolata, in Elixer conuersa ; nee non Mars victoriosus, seu Elixerizatus, siue Modus Conficiendi Lapidem Philosophicum tam e Venere, siue Cupro, 144 NORTON NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued. quam a Marte, siue Chalybe. Olim a Samuele Nortonio Bristollensi inchoatus: Nunc verb editus studiis, & diligentia Edmundi Deani Angli, Med. D. Ebora- censis Medici auctior, & perfectior. Terentius. Nil tarn difficile, quin quaerendo investigari possit. Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno M.DC.XXX. 4°. Pp. 16. 2 full-page engravings in the text. [Another Copy.] Mercurius Redivivus oder Unterricht von dem Philosophischen Stein. See MONTE CUBITI (v. DE), Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, 1667, pp. 209-372. See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adept! besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, I757- This is a German translation of S. Norton's eight tracts. Samuel Norton was the son of Sir George Norton and great-grandson of Thomas Norton (q.v.). He was born in 1548, studied at St. John's College, Cambridge, and in 1584 succeeded to his father's estate of Abbots Leigh in Somerset. He occupied several public positions, and died about 1604. The notice given by Jocher is erroneous. He has put Briissel for Bristol ! His works were edited by Edmund Dean or Deane, who, as Wood informs us, was son of Gilbert Deane of Saltpnstall in Yorkshire, and brother of Richard, Bishop of Ossory, and was born in Yorkshire. In 1591 he entered Merton College, Oxford, in his nineteenth year, took a degree in Arts, retired to St. Alban's Hall, studied medicine and graduated in it, returned to York, and practised there. He wrote : Spadacrene Anglica or the English Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 168 (thinks Deane may be the same as Dee !). Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 26 ; No. 1. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 415. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1351 (ascribes to him ' Crede mihi seu Ordinale '). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 397, 479 ; iii. pp. 146 (Ed. Deane), 247-248 (Norton). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 980 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Erganzun- gen, 1816, v. col. 823. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 525, 610. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 510-11. (Gmelin quotes a ninth tract ' Alchymise Perfectio,' but asks if it be not the same as ' Alchymiae Com- plementum. ' There is no reason for doubting their identity.) .. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, p. 66. Spaw, being a brief Treatise of the acid or tart Fountain in the Forest of Knaresborough in York- shire, London, 1626. Some, who have referred to Norton, seem to think that only ' Mercurius redivivus,' and perhaps one or two others, were edited by Deane, but it is plain from the preceding that he had the whole set through his hands, and it even looks as if he not only edited Norton's tracts but had completed them, for what else can be understood by the expression ' inchoatus ' as applied to Norton's share in them? Some have gone the length of ascribing them to Deane entirely, while Schmieder, who is never at a loss for a bold, not to say a reck- less, suggestion, calmly states that Deane was a name assumed by Norton ! Deane speaks in high terms of Norton, and compares him to Cabot, another Bristolian. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 127. Wood, AthencB Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1815, ii. col. 600 (incidentally in connection with Edmund Deane). Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), iii. p. 406 (Deane). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 364- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 334 ; 1869, ii. p. 326. W. H. Black, Catalogue of the Manuscripts be- queathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias Ashmole, 1845, cols. 1113, 1149, 1156, 1157, 1170, 1307, 1308. Cooper, Athena Cantabrigienses, 1861, ii. p. 284. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 531 (Deane). 'L&&rag\ie,Bi6liotheque Ouv aroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 860 ('Mercurius redivivus'). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 365, 393. Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xli. p. 220 (article by Miss B. Porter). NORTON (THOMAS). Chymischer Tractat Thomas Nortoni eines Engellanders, Crede Mihi seu Ordinale genandt : vor vngefehr anderthalbhundert Jahren, in Engellandischer NORTON NORTON (THOMAS). Continued. Sprach, Reimenweifs beschrieben. Nachmaln aufs dem Manuscripto so zuvor niemals in Truck kommen, von Herrn Michaele Maiero, Lateinisch vertirt. An jetzo aber aufs dem Lateinischen, in gewonliche Teutsche Rhythmos gebracht, vnd mit etlichen schonen in Kupffer gestochen Figuren gezieret, dutch Danielem Maisnerum, P. L. C. Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Lucae lennisl. Anno M.DC.XXV. 8°. Pp. 238 [2 blank], 7 engravings. Text and title within a beaded border. Uniform with and forming the second part of the volume containing Jamsthaler's Viatorium. Crede Mihi seu Ordinale. See MAIER (MICHAEL), Tripus Aureus, 1618, p. 77. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 285. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 433. According to the author's concluding lines, this poem was begun in 1477. The first publication of it was in the Latin translation by Michael Maier in 1618, above mentioned. For in his book Symbola Aureee Menses, printed the previous year, he speaks of it as being still ' uneditus,' but ' to be published shortly by us,' and it appeared of course in the subsequent reprints of the Tripus aureus. The English poem was first printed in Ashmole's Theatrum from a fine manuscript. He says (p. 455) : ' In the search I have made after Authentique Manuscripts to compleate this worke, a private Gentleman lent me a very faire one of Norton's Ordinall, which I chiefly followed ; yet not omit- ting to compare it with fourteen other copies. It was written in Velame and in an auntient sett hand, very exact and exceeding neate." This, Ashmole thinks from various circumstances, may have been the dedication copy to George Nevell, Archbishop of York, whose magnificent entertainment of Edward IV. with lavish display of plate and other treasure was so thoroughly appreci- ated by the king that he took possession of the whole ' and made of the Arch-Bishop's Mitre (set with precious stones) a Crowne for himself.' The poem appears to be anonymous, but as Ashmole has pointed out in language, worthy almost of Sir Thomas Urquhart, the author's name is contained in the poem itself. He says (p. 437) : ' From the first word of this Proeme, and the Initiall letters of the six following Chapters (dis- covered by Acromonosyllabiques and Sillabic Acrostiques) we may collect the authors Name and place of Residence : For those letters (together with the first line of the seventh chapter) speaks thus, Tomas Norton of Briseto, A parfet Master ye maie him trowe. Such like Fancies were the results of the wisdome and humility of the Auncient Philosophers, (who when they intended not an absolute concealement of Persons, Names, Misteries, &c.) were wont to hide them by Transpositions, Acrostiques, Iso- grammatiques, Symphoniaques, and the lyke, (which the searching Sons of Art might possibly unriddle, but) with designe to continue them to others, as Bale, Scriptorum Illustrium Maioris Britannia Summarium, 1559, ii. p. 67. Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensee, 1617, pp. 467- 480 (gives extracts from the work). Pitsaeus, De illustribus Anglia Scriptoribus, 1619, p. 666. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicitm, 1652, pp. 1-106 (the poem), 437-455 (the notes). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 168. II. 1 concealed things ; And that upon the Question no other Answer should be returned, then the like of the Angell's to Manoah. [His name was Peli, to wit, admirable and secret].' The author of the Ordinall was the son of Thomas Norton, and was born at Bristol towards the end of the fourteenth century. He was member of Parliament for the borough of Bristol in 1436, member of privy chamber of Edward IV. , acted on embassies and accompanied the king when he fled to Burgundy. At the age of 28 he is said to have visited George Ripley and to have asked to be instructed in the preparation of the red stone. His master, whether Ripley or another, seeing him to be a suitable person, ultimately put him on the right road and at the end of forty days (the appropriate period of a ' philosophic month ') the pupil had acquired the secret. In the Ordinall, chap. ii. , he refers to his master in terms of the greatest admiration and affection. He describes (chap, vi.) a furnace of his invention by which he could get ' threescore degrees,' and carry on as many operations simul- taneously, each with its own heat. He complains of the troubles which beset the adept ; his perfected work was stolen by servants, and he says : ' I made also the Elixer of life Which me bereft a Merchaunt's wife : The Quintessens I made also, With other secrets many moe, Which sinfull people took me fro, To my great paine and much more woe. ' The lady here referred to is said to have been Mrs. Canynges, the wife of William Canynges, who rebuilt the church of St. Mary Redcliffe at Bristol. His master mason was called Norton, and it has been sought to identify him with the alchemist. The poem contains a number of interesting details and throws light on the beliefs of the period. Manuscripts of the work exist in the British Museum, the Bodleian, in Trinity College, Dublin, and in the library of the Marquis of Bath. Other works are ascribed to him, or bear his name : De transmutatione Metallorum ; and De Lapide Philosophorum. They have not been printed. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 26, No. xxxvii. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 68. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 415. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 246, 470 ; iii. pp. 47, 71, 248-249. ( ' ' Norton told with sincerity all he knew ; 146 NORTON— NUCK NORTON (THOMAS). Continued. perhaps he did not know everything," a useful W. H. Black, Catalogue of the Manuscripts statement, which advances our knowledge of bequeathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias Norton considerably. ) Ashmole, 1845, Nos. 57 (transcribed by John Dee, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i.pp. 132-134. in 1577), 972, 19; 1445, ii. i, 3; 1464; 1479, 32; Ritson, Bibliographia Poetica, a Catalogue of 1490, 83. English Poets .... 1802, p. 92. Samuel Lucas, Secularia, or Surveys on the Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Mainstream of History, 1862, pp. 121-125. 1806-08, p. 117. Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1874, ist The Lives of Akhemystical Philosophers, 1815, Report, App. p. 32 b; 1872, 3rd Report, p. i86b; PP- 43. 302 I 1888, edited by Waite, p. 130. 1881, 8th Report, i. p. 583 a. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 246. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 214 ; ii. p. 339. Warton, The History of English Poetry, 1840, ii. Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, x^- p. 336 (calls him John). p. 220 (article by Miss Porter). Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literar- Bale, Index Britannice Scriptorum, edd. Reg. geschichte, 1842, II. ii. 2. p. 649. L. Poole and M. Bateson, Oxford, 1902, p. 447. Hoefer, Histoire de la chimie, 1842, i. p. 442 ; 1866, i. p. 467. NOTHWENDIGE Erinnerung des Verdeutschers dieses Hermetischen Triumphs an den Leser. See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 159; 1765, p. 159. NOTHWENDIGE Refutation auff etliche Johann-Rudolph Glaubers . . . Biicher von Verbesserung der Metallen. See GRUNDLICHE WIDERLEGUNG etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers . . . Schrifften, 1661. NOUVEAU Cours de Chymie, suivant les Principes de Newton et de Sthall (sic). See SENAC (JEAN BAPTISTE). NOVA Disquisitio de Helia Artista. See DISQUISITIO de Helia Artium, 1606. See PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A). NOVO Lume. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. NOVUM Lumen Chymicum. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). NOVUM Testamentum. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 210. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, P- 369- See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 318. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 368. NUCK (ANTON). Antonii Nuck Harderoviceni, Medicinse Doctoris & Anatomise Professoris. De Ductu Salivali Novo, Saliva, Ductibus Oculorum Aquosis, et Humore Oculi Aqueo. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Petrum vander Aa, M.DC.LXXXV. 12°. Pp. [12, engraved title included] 175 [17], 3 folding plates. Nuck (1650-1692) was first reader of anatomy and tionsof theglandsandlymphaticsand for various con- surgery at the Hague, and then in 1687 professor at tributions to surgery. The present volume contains Leyden. He was distinguished for his investiga- some of his best work. But he was not a chemist. Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Introductio, 1687, p. 183 (Add. iv. 39*), (praised for Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 483, 484, 489. his ' felix dexteritas ' in an eye operation). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Mangel, BibliothecaScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, p. 593. II. i. pp. 416-419 (reviews of certain medical works). Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1574. NUCK—NUYSEMENT 147 NUCK (ANTON). Continued. Jb'cher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Sprengel, Versuc h einer fragmatischen Geschichte col. 995; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv p. 192, & passim, ungen, 1816, v. col. 853. Hoefer, Histoirc de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 251 ; Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 684 ; 1869, ii. p. 243. 1777, ii. p. 766. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 478. 312, 325 ; 1849, ii. p. 204. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Midicale, 1855, ii. p. 226 ; 1779, iii. p. 420. p. 151. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, Van der Aa, Biographisck Woordenboek der 1778, iii. p. 405. Nederlanden, 1868, xiii. p. 342. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 334 ; Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 293. 1798, ii. p. 273. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. 25). vi. p. 327- P- 388. NUSCHELER QOHANN JACOB). See GESNER (CONRAD), Kostlicher Artzneyschatz, 1608, Part ii. Niischeler's name is included in his list by Jocher Latin into German, and published it at Zurich, in (Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 996), 1608, in 4°. Rotermund has nothing to add to but he tells us nothing more than that he translated that, the second part of the secrets of Evonymus from NUSSENSTEIN. See RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS), Baron von. NUTZLICHER Unterricht in der hermetisch-philosophischen Wissenschaft, nebst einem Anhang von der Ursach der Electricitat, nach den Grundsatzen der natiirlichen Philosophic und nach dem Sinn des grofsen Zoroaster. Frank- furt und Leipzig, bey Johann Eberhard Zeh, 1771. 4°. Pp. [8] 40. The paper on electricity has a half title. 'Alchemic und Elektricitat,— welcher seltsame Still less, if the twentieth century hypothesis be Kontrast ! ' says the Beytrag, 1785, p. 675. But it adopted of the identity of electricity and matter and is not so great after all if electricity be dealt with of the transmutation of radium into helium, from the alchemical and Zoroastrian point of view ! NUYSEMENT (JACQUES DE). Poeme Philosophic de la Verite de la Phisique Mineralle, ou sont refutees les obiections que peuuent faire les incredules & ennemis de cet Art. Auquel est naiifuement & veritablement depeinte la vraye matiere des Philosophes. Par le Sieur de Nuisement, Receueur general du Comte' de Ligny en Barrois. Dedie* a Tres-Haut, Tres-Puissant, & Tres-Vertueux Prince, Monseigneur le Due de Lorraine & de Bar, &c. A Paris, Chez leremie Perier & Abdias Buisard, a la place Dauphine, pre"s le Palais, au Bellerophon. M.DC.XX. Auec Priuilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. 80. Besides the ' Poeme ' there are at the end Schmieder says that it includes an explanation ' Stances ' and ' Visions hermetiques.' of the Hermetic Table, but so far as I have noticed, This work is contained in the edition of 1639, the Table or anything suggestive of it does not printed at the Hague, 12°, pp. 57 [i blank], occur in this poem. Tractatus de Vero Sale Secreto Philosophorum, & de Universal! Mundi Spiritu, Gallice primo scriptus a Domino de Nuysement, nunc simplicissimo stylo Latine versus a Ludovico Combachio, D. & Illustrissimorum Hassiae P. P. Medico Ordinario. Liber non minus curiosus quam proficuus, utpote tractans de cognitione verae Medicinae Chemicae. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Arnoldum Donde, Anno 1671. 12°. Pp. [16] 244 [4 blank]. Title red and black. 148 NUYSEMENT—NYMPHEN-FANG NUYSEMENT JACQUES). Continued. [Another issue, 1672.] 12°. Pp. [16] 244 [4 blank]. Title red and black. This is a re-issue of the preceding with a change 12°. For German translations see the cross of date. It appeared first in French : Traittez references. du way sel secret des Philosophes, et de I Esprit The English translation was made apparently general du Monde, . . . Paris, 1621, 8°, pp. [26] from the Latin of Combachius by Robert Turner, 332 [2, 2 blank]. It was reprinted at the Hague, who also turned some of Paracelsus' works into 1639, 12°, pp. [22] 115 [i blank] ; translated into English. It was issued twice with different title- Latin by Combach as above, and printed at Cassel, pages but with no other alteration. 1651, 8°, pp. [16] 212 [2], and at Frankfurt, 1716, The first title-page is as follows : Sal. Lumen, & Spiritus Mundi Philosophici : or, The dawning of the Day, discovered by the beams of Light : shewing the true Salt and Secret of the Philosophers, the first and universal Spirit of the World. Written originally in French, afterwards turned into Latin, by the illustrious Doctor, Ludovicus Combachius, ordinary Physitian to the King, and publick Professor of Physick in the University of Mompelier. And now transplanted into Albyons Garden, by R. T. 3>i\ofj,a8. Printed at London, by J. C. for Martha Harrison, at the Lamb at the East-end of S. Pauls. 1657. Small 8°, [2 blank, 30] 220, [2 of advertisements, 2 blank]. This title was cancelled and the following substituted for it : Fundamenta Chymica : or A Sure Guide into the high and rare Mysteries of Alchymie by L. C. Philomedico Chymicus. London, Printed by William Godbid, for William Barlow, without Aldersgate, 1658. Small 8°, [2 blank, 30], 220. The last four pages cancelled in all the copies I have seen. Von dem wahren geheimen Saltz der Philosophorum. See MONTE-CUBITI (v. DE), Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, 1667, p. i. Vom wahren Salz der Weisen und dem allgemeinen Geist der Welt. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 230. A series of excerpts only. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. i. Contains a translation into German, different from that in the ' Kleeblat.' Concordantz iiber des Nuysements Sal cceleste. See SPIESS ( ), Pater. Tractat von dem wahren geheimen Salz der Philosophen, und allgemeinen Welt- geiste. See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, 1757, P- 233- By Schmieder he is called Jaque Nuysement, and in the duchy of Bar. He was regarded by the true in the British Museum catalogue he is entered as philosophers as a mere compiler. He must not be Jacques Nuisement, Baron. He himself states that confoundedwithClovisHestau,SieurdeNuysement> he was receiver general of the county of Ligny, who published a volume of poems at Paris, 1578,4°' Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 169, 251. col. 1001 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- Georg Caspar Kirchmaier, Nocliluca Constans, ungen, 1816, v. col. 871. 1676, Sig. 63 verso. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, p. 526. 1697, p. 33, cap. 1., and reprinted by Mangel, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 506. Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 48, cap. li. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 358. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Olliffe, Les Alchimistes d'autrefois, 1842, p. 140. 1731, II. i. p. 420. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 331 ; Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1618. 1869, ii. p. 323. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic \jaAr&%u&,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 393, 477 ; iii. pp. 96, 249. Moscou, 1870, Nos. 1119-26. Jocher, Allgemrines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi. NYMPHEN-FANG. Philosophischer Nymphen-Fang, 1679. See PHILARETES (HONORIUS). OBERLEIN—OBERNDORFFER 149 OBERLEIN (CASPAR). Oleum Antimonii : die Fixatio, sein Quinta Essentia. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz: vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, ii. p. 293. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 579. Oberlein is the name of the author as it appears in the text, but in the table of contents it has the form Eberlein. OBERNDORFFER QOHANN). Apologia Chymico-Medica Practica Johan. Oberndorfferi : Com. Palat. Caesarei : &c. Adversus illiberales Martini Rulandi Person. Medici Calumnias. Basilius. Ad calumnias tacendum non est, non ut contradicendo nos ulcis- camur : sed ne Mendacio inoffensum progressum permittamus ; aut eos, qui seducti sunt, damno inhaerere sinamus. 'EXevdepov yap avSpos TdXr)6f} Xeyfiv. Quae vera sunt, loqui virum ingenuum decet. Ex Typographeo Forsteriano. MDCX. 4°. Pp. [12] 88 [3, i blank]. Though the place of printing is not mentioned, Descriptio horti medici, qui Ratisbonae est, Ratisb. , Van der Linden says it was Amberg, and I have 1621, 8°. no doubt that that is correct, as Michael Forster In the present work he incidentally gave a few was printing there at that time. biographical facts, and made a violent attack upon Oterndorffer, or Oberndorffer, or Johann von Martinus Rulandus, the younger, and his chemical Oberndorff, lived at the end of the sixteenth and remedies, but he did not on that account reject beginning of the seventeenth centuries, but the these, but claimed to have himself used them exact dates of his birth and death are not given. thirty years before. Rulandus wrote a reply : He travelled much, remained a long time in Italy, Alexicacus Chymiatricus, Francof. , 1611, 4°, q.v. practised medicine at Gratz in Styria, and then The manuscript works left by Oberndorffer were went to Regensburg as physician. He was a to have been published by his son-in-law, Johann Count Palatine and was councillor and private Ste^phan Strobelberger, but this never came to pass, physician to several princes, and was still living at On the other hand Oberndorffer wrote an address an advanced age in 1621. to the reader and a set of verses for Strobelberger's He wrote several books : De veri et falsi Medici Tractaius . . . de Cocco Baphica (Kermes or agnitione tractatus, Lavingiae, 1600, 4° ; De febre Cochineal), Jena, 1620, 4°. The address is dated Ungarica, Francof. , 1607, 4° ; Epistolae aliquot Ratisbonae, 29 Aprilis, 1620. medicoe, in the Cista Medica, Norib. , 1625, 4°' Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 144. 1637, p. 294. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 250. 12 a, loib, 1573, 268 b. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicott, 1751, iii. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686 p. 651. col. 1007. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777. 1731, II. i. p. 421. ii. pp. 318, 340, 424. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Gmelin, Geschichie der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 345, P- 596. 571, 580- 1 50 OBSER VA TIONES—OCCUL TA [OBSERVATIONES quaedam ad decantatum, ita dictum, physicum, seu Philoso- phorum Lapidem, spectantes.] 8°. Pp. 40. No place, date, or printer. The above is a sort of bastard title. The tract was printed in the latter part of the eighteenth century. OBSERVATIONS sur la Physique, sur 1'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, avec des Planches en Taille-douce ; Dedie"es a Msr- Le Comte D'Artois ; Par M. l'Abb£ Rozier, de plusieurs Academies; par M. J. A. Mongez le jeune, Chanoine Regulier de Sainte Genevieve, des Academies Royales des Sciences de Rouen, de Dijon, de Lyon, &c., &c., & par M. de la Metherie, Docteur en Medecine, de 1' Academic de Dijon. Janvier 1787. Tome XXX. [-XCVI. & Table Gene'rale.] A Paris, Au Bureau du Journal de Physique, rue & hotel Serpente. M. DCC. LXXXVII. [-M. DCCC. XXIII. ] Avec Privilege du Roi. Of this journal and its continuations there are 67 There is a Table gdnerale by L. Cotte, of the volumes, from 1787 to 1823. The set begins with contents of the ' Journal de Physique ' from 1787 to Tome xxx. as above, and the volumes to xxxvi. are 1802, that is of the preceding 26 volumes, dedicated to the Comte d'Artois. The following The journal was founded in 1752 by Gauthier- three volumes are dedicated to Charles Philippe D'Agoty and continued by Toussaint. It was taken Bourbon, and the next two to Charles Philippe, over by Rozier in 1771, edited first by himself, and Prince Francois. Vols. xlii. and xliii., for 1793, then along with Mongez and de la Metherie. have no dedication and no privilege. Jacques Gauthier-D'Agoty (b. at Marseilles, d. at With the following volume the title changes : Paris, 1785) was an artist and anatomist at Dijon, Journal de Physique, de Chirnie et d'Histoire who wrote on colour, physics, anatomy, etc. Naturelle, avec des Planches en Taille-douce ; par Franfois Rozier (1734-1793) was an abb£, doctor Jean-Claude Lametherie, and it is called Tome of theology, director of the Royal Veterinary school Premier. It was published : Nivose 2nd year of at Lyons, etc. He wrote a course of agriculture, the Republic, i.e. 1794, but in the second volume etc. He was killed in his bed by a bomb-shell ' 1794 vieux stile ' is added. during the siege of Lyons. This new numeration is retained in four volumes Jean Andr6 Mongez (1751-1788), abbe, perished only. in Laperouse's expedition. He was the author of There was a blank of four years in the publica- papers on meteorology and mineralogy, tion between Tomes ii. and iii. Jean Claude de la Metherie (1743-1817), M.D., With the volume for the year VII., i.e. '1799 professor of natural history at the College de v. si.,' the old numeration is resumed and it appears France, was the author of works on physics, as Tome xlviii. This numeration continues to the geology, mineralogy, etc. end of the series. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1778-1850), Tome Ixi., 1805, still bears 'an XIII.' but with M.D., was professor of zoology, anatomy, and corn- Tome Ixii., 1806, the 'vieux stile' resumes its old parative physiology at Paris, and wrote largely on place, and the year of the republic vanishes after these subjects, lasting 13 years. Louis Cotte (1740-1815), was priest of the Oratory, In Tome Ixxxiv. , for 1817, de la Metherie has the professor of philosophy and then of theology at the name of H. M. Ducrotay de Blainville as joint editor, College of Montmorency, keeper of the library of and in Tome lxxxv.de la Me'therie's name is wanting. Ste. -Genevieve. He wrote papers on mathematics, The series ends with Tome xcvi. for the first half of meteorology, physics. 1823. This is the conclusion of the journal. OCCULTA (De) Magico-Magnetica Morborum quorundam curatione naturali, Tractatus. See SCHMUCK (MARTIN). OCCULTA Philosophia von den verborgenen Philosophischen Geheimnussen der heimlichen Goldblumen, vnd Lapidis Philosophorum, was derselbige : vnd wie zu Erlangung dessen zu procediren, aufsfuhrlicher Bericht in einem Philoso- phischen Gesprach verfasset, sampt Der Schmaragd-Taffel, Paraboln, Symbolis, vnd 1 8. sonderbaren Figuren, der hochberiihmten Philosophen Hermetis Tris- megisti, vnd F. Basilii Valentini durch welche diese Kunst der Philosophischen NIVERSITY OCCULTA—OCELL US OCCULTA Philosophia. Continued. Goldblumen vollkomlich erklaret an Tag gegeben. Gedruckt zu Franck- furt am Mayn durch Johann Bringern. Anno M.DC.XII1. 4°. Pp. [8] 78. Title red and black. Vignette : Senior and Adolphus with the tree of the metals between. 14 symbolic woodcuts. Das erste Theil : Ein Colloquium oder Gesprech zwischen einem alien [Senior] vnd jungen Studen- ten [Adolphus], p. i. Das ander Theil : Aureliae Occultae Philoso- phorum, p. 47. Verba Hermetis in Pimandro, p. 49. Schmaragt Tafel Hermetis, p. 50. Symbolum Fratris Basilii Valentini, p. 52. The dedication to Ludwig Georg, Count of Stol- berg, Konigstein, Rochefort, Wernigeroda and Hohenstein, dated 8 January, 1613, is signed by Bringer, the printer. He says the collection was made by a diligent lover of the subject, so that it might be acquired without special trouble. A former owner has written : Dieser Tractat ist Echt und Recht ; Sehr Rahr zu haben. OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA. Von der Occulta Chemicorum Philosophia, ein Kurtzer Tractat See BASIL VALENTIN, Triumph wagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 561. Die drey letzten Capital de Occulta Philosophorum Chymia. See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 24. This last excerpt is in verse. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1048-50. OCCULTA (De) Philosophia. Epistola cujusdam Patris ad Filium. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 852. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes^ 1870, No. 1035. OCELLUS. "flKeAAos 6 Aev/cavos irepi "njs TOV iravros Brevis & absoluta qualitatum elementarium enarratio. Neobarium, Regium Typographum. 1539. Sm. 4°. Sigs. a, 0 ; or, ff. [8]. Parisiis per Conradum Ocellus, called Lucanus, because he belonged to Lucania, was of the school of Pythagoras, but his date is uncertain. From the vocabulary and phraseology used Meiners infers that the author could not have been an old Pythagorean, but must have lived subsequently to Plato and Aristotle, and Mullach places him as late as the first century B.C. Of his writings besides the above there remain ragments of a book on law ; others on sovereignty and health are lost. Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 1710, p. 6. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 13 (II. i. 2. §3); 322 (II. ii. i. ii. §7). Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 338. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, Hi. col. 1014. Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1767, i. pp. 818, 1 1 22. Meiners, Geschichte des Ursprungs, Fortgangs und Verfalls der Wissenschaften in Griechenland und Rom, Lemgo, 1781, i. p. 584. Christoph Gottfried Bardili, Epochen der vorziig- lichsten philosophischen Begri/e, 1788, i. p. 130 (System des Ocellus) ; p. 163 (Aechtheit des Ocellus und Timiius). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Gra-ca, ed. Harles, 1790, i. pp. 855-59. Fiilleborn, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Philo- sophie, Jena u. Leipzig, 1799, lotes St. pp. 1-77. The present work is in four books : i° Of the Universe ; 2° Of the composition of the Universe ; 3° Of man and his origin ; 4° Of the duties of man, chiefly as to marriage. The present book is the first edition and is in Greek. The Latin version appeared in 1541 ; it was translated into French, 1762 ; and by Thomas Taylor into English, 1831, 8°, pp. [xi. i blank] 96, along with writings by Taurus, Julius Firmicus Maternus and Proclus, and a notice of Ocellus. Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 333- Biographie Untverselle, 1822, xxxi. p. 484 ; no date, xxxi. p. 141. Schweiger, Handbuch der classischen Biblio- graphic, 1830, i. p. 215. Grasse, Lehrbvch einer allgemeimen Literdrge- schicfile, 1837, I. i. p. 394. Mullach, Fragmenta Philosophorum Greccorum, 1845 ; Paris, Didot, 1860, i. p. 383. Diogenes Laertius, De claromm Philosophorum Vitis, . . . libri decem, ed. Cobet (lib. viii. 80), Paris Didot, 1850, p. 223. Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1862, xxxviii. col. 428. Graesse, Trtsor de Livres Rares, 1864, v. p. 4. Engelmann, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum, 1880, i. p. 526. 152 OCYOR US—OECONOMISCHE OCYORUS (TARQUISTIUS). Experiment Biichlein von xx. Pestilentzwurtzeln. See APOLLINARIS (QUINTUS), Kurtzes Hand-Buchlein, 1659, f. clxxiiij. Ocyorus, or Ocyorius, is also called Schnelleu- bergius, Med. Doct. of Dortmund. The title given by various authorities is : De viginti quinque radicibus pesti resistentibus, and numerous editions are quoted. With Apollinaris Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 441. Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 990 (Argent., 1589, 8°, only). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 428 (from Van der Linden). as above : Strasburg, 1633, 1651, 1677, 1700. Separately : Konigsberg, 1551, 1555, 4° ; Francof., 1546, 12° ; 1552, 8° ; 1563, 1579 ; Strasburg, 1577, 18°; 1587, 1589, 1594, 1621, 8°; Frankfurt, 1613, 8° ; Annaberg, 1680, 8°. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1017 (calls him ' Ocyotus ') ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen, 1816, v. col. 920. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 114. ODOMARUS. Practica, ad discipulum. See GRATAROLO (a), Verae Alchemize See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. There are two accounts of this writer. One, the earliest authority for which, so far as I know, is Lenglet Dufresnoy, is that he was practis- ing the Hermetic Art in 1330. Gmelin calls him a monk, which may be justified by the fact that he addresses his disciple as ' frater Ludovicus,' saying at the same time that he is violating all the rules of the sages in revealing the secret. Schmieder decorates these bare statements and depicts the monk in his cloister at Paris working hard at alchemy in spite of the pope's bull against the alchemists. He describes him as a true teacher who stated what he knew, but that he was more of a worker than an author, and he quotes his pre- paration of common salt. Hoefer following the same line calls him a monk who pursued alchemy in Paris about the middle of the i4th century, in the reign of Philippe of Valois. He quotes the advice which Odomarus gives, to guard against the fumes which are liable to be pro- duced in alchemical operations by stopping the nostrils with cotton dipped in oil of violets, and refers to his method of preparing aqua regia. The other account is given by Zedler. Accord- ing to^it Odomarus was a ' physicus ' of the i7th century, and wrote not only the ' Practica,' but the six or seven tracts following it in the above collec- tions. From the way in which these books are printed, there is some colour for this statement of Zedler's, but at the same time he seems to have credited him with too many. Judging from the arrangement of the tracts and the sub-divisions, the following seem to be the most that could be assigned to Odomarus : Practica ad discipulum, Theatrum Chemicum, 1659, iii. p. 166. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 170. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 507. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 468 ; iii. pp. 36, 52. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 59. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. col. 936. . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 249. p. 1 66. Arcanum philosophorum ut ex Saturno facias Aurum perfectum, p. 168. Perfecta salis communis praeparatio ad lapidem philosophorum, p. 168. Historiola antiqua de Argento in Aurum verso, p. 170, ending p. 172. The ' Tractatus de Marchasita ' and the others which are quoted by Zedler apparently belong to other writers. Oddly enough Zedler refers not to the Theatrum CAemicum,bultothe Thesaurus cAymtcus, Strassb., 1613, iii. I do not know a collection of that name and date, but there is the Theatrum Chemicum, Argent., 1613, and the above tracts are in vol. iii., pp. 154-161. They are also in the Theatrum Chemicum, Ursellis, 1602, iii. pp. 164-171. The 'Practica,' as its name denotes, is a series of directions for certain preparations and experi- ments, with silver, lead, mercury, common salt, green vitriol, saltpetre. By heating Roman vitriol one part, saltpetre one part, common salt two parts in an alembic the author got a corrosive liquid which attacked all metals, ' even mercury,' and he calls it 'aqua calcinationis omnium metallorum.' But to the mixture he also added half a part of quick lime, possibly with the idea of increasing its corrosive effect. One writer at least has affirmed that the above tract was brought out in a new edition by Ortho- lanus in 1358, under the title ' Practica vera Alkimica.' Comparison of the two tracts, however, does not confirm this, and so far I have failed to see any connection between them. If Ortholanus edited Odomarus' tract he has edited it out of existence, or at least past recognition. Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, p. 185. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 416 ; 1866, i. p. 441. Ladrague, Bibliothbque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 798. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348. OECONOMISCHE Maximen, 1728. See K. (c. A.). OERTEL 153 OERTEL (EUCHARIUS FERDINAND CHRISTIAN). Universal- Wasserdoktor. Oder : Die herrlichen Wirkungen des kalten Badens und Trinkens des kalten Wassers zur Starkung des menschlichen Korpers, Verhiitung und Heilung vieler Krankheiten, namentlich des Fiebers und verschiedener Leibesgebrechen. Nebst einem Anhange von den Heilkraften des Essigs und der Milch. Von drei beriihmten Aerzten J. Floyer, einem engl. Dr., Friedr. Hoffmann, dem beriihmten Hallischen Arzt, und J. Han- cocke, einem engl. Dr. Neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Prof. Oertel in Ansbach. Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch- und Kunsthandlung. 12°. No date, but after 1833. Each tract has a separate title, and separate pagination. The tracts are : Dr. John Floyer, ein englischer Arzt, von den herrlichen Wirkungen des kalten Badens und Trinkens des kalten Wassers zur Starkung des menschlichen Korpers, Verhiitung und Heilung vieler Krankheiten und Leibesgebrechen. Aus dem Englischen. Nebst einem Anhange : Von den Heilkraften des Essigs und der Milch. Fiinfte ver- besserte und vermehrte Auflage vom Professor Oertel in Ansbach. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch- und Kunsthandlung. Pp. i.-xii. [13-15] 16-140. Dr. Friedrich Hoffmann, jener beriihmte Hallische Arzt, vom Wasser als Univer- salmedizin. Neu aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt und erlautert vom Professor Oertel in Ansbach. Nebst einem Hoffmannischen Nachlasse. Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch- und Kunsthandlung. Pp. i.-viii. [9] 10-98. Dr. John Hancocke, ein englischer Wasserarzt, vom gemeinen Wasser als dem besten Fiebermittel. Neu bearbeitet und erlautert vom Professor Oertel in Ansbach. Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch und Kunsthand- lung. Pp. [>]i.-iv. [5] 6-60. Oertel was born at the Ansbach village of Besides the present reprint he wrote also a Streitberg, 18 May, 1765. He received his first history of the subject with the following title : instruction from his father, and on his death Geschichte der Wasserheilkunde von Moses bis attended the school at Neustadt on the Aisch, auf unsere Zeiten : zum Beweise, dafs das frische where he remained till about 1785, when he went Wasser ein Allheilmittel ist. Leipzig, Verlag von to the University of Erlangen for philosophy and Heinrich Franke, 1835, small 8°, pp. viii. 200, with theology. He, however, did not confine himself a portrait. to these subjects, but acquired English, Italian, This is a chronology with short notes and a list Spanish, Arabic, and studied medicine. In 1789 of the writings of all those who have dealt with he took the degree of doctor of philosophy, and water as a curative agent. He mentions Floyer, acted as tutor in the family of von Seckendorff of p. 50, Nos. 104-5; Hancocke, p. 54, No. no; Oberzenn, whence he removed to Ansbach as third Hoffmann, p. 64, Nos. 127-134. He refers also to master in the Gymnasium. He held this post for the third edition of the present collection by him, thirty-two years, and retired in 1827. He died Scheible, 1834. The ' Geschichte ' is an interesting 16 May, 1850. work, and though small it shows much research. He was a copious writer, and a long list of his His autobiography is not to be passed over : works is given in his autobiography and in the Professor Dr. Oertel in Ansbach, keiner Aka- Nekrolog. They include translations of the classics, demie Mitglied, keiner Behorde Rath, keines works on theology, and on the healing virtues of Ordens Ritter, &c. , als Theolog, Philolog und cold water, a subject which during the last ten Hydrolog von ihm selbst dargestellt. Nebst Vei- years of his life he advocated with persistence and zeichnifs seiner 70 Druckschriften. energy. Geboren in Streitberg, 13 Mai 1765. In connection with this subject he makes a Gestorben in Friedberg, Ev. Job. 21, 23. display in his autobiography (p. 128) of his Ein Spiegel fur Gelehrte und Ungelehrte. [Mil humour, his scholarship, and his poetic vein, for dem Bildnifs des Verfassers.] he has there an ode in German and Greek Cic. N. D. ii. 2. Eii rov 'Y5ltotAtyue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 814. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348. Catalogue des Manuscrits francais de la Biblio- theque imperials, 1868, i. No, 1330. ORTHOMONT (IGNATIUS VON). Kurtzer Bencht . . . von . . . Ignatii von Orthomont Astro Solis und Junonischen Saltz. 1719. See ARNOLD (GUIDO FERDINAND). . neu-erfundenen ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). Ludovici Conradi Orvii Occulta Philosophia oder Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio Stultorum. Darinnen ordentlich, deutlich, und griindlich, als noch von keinem geschehen, gezeiget wird, wie man zu dem acidosischen solventen und wahren hermetischen Wissenschaft gelangen soil. Wobey zugleich eine sehr curiose Nachricht von dem Leben des Auctoris und einer Bande Adeptorum befindlich ist. Jezo zum erstenmahl aus einem sehr alien und raren Manu- script den Liebhabern der edlen Chimie, und nicht den einfaltigen Spottern, zu Nutz heraus gegeben. Von L. H. J. V. H. J. D. Gedruckt, in der Insul der Zufriedenheit. 1737. 8°. Pp. 80. Three hand-coloured drawings inserted. MS. notes appended. ORVIUS 159 ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). Continued. Griindliche Anweisung zu der wahren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, 1751. See MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). The book is without place and printer, but it may have been printed by Augustinus Crusius at Erfurt. For in the first edition of Abraham Eleazar's work, printed by him in 1735, there is a list of eleven alchemical manuscripts which he was minded to publish, of which No. 6 is called : L. C. O. Occulta Philosophia, Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio Stultorum. The author, in his preface, describes how very badly he was used in the year 1622 by a band of adepts who claimed as their founder a certain Christian Rose. He was suspected of having revealed certain of their secrets, he was summoned before a 'public meeting of these great Pharisees,' he was accused of Crimen \xsx Majestatis, he was expelled from the order, and, to make him keep silence about it, he was threatened with death. The threat does not seem to have had much effect, for he describes fully the suffering to which he had been subjected, and gave an account of the order, its symbols, greetings, diploma, and mansions. He makes no mystery of the policy and practice of these 'Rosians,' who, when they failed to find the philosophers' stone, had no scruple in appro- priating the would-be-philosophers' money. The writer having been a victim could speak definitely on the subject. The story looks genuine enough, but it is hard to tell sometimes when such a story is not an allegory. Who the writer was and what his name was is not quite clear. Semler says confidently that his name was Orvius, and that no reliance is to be placed on ab Indagine's statement that it was Ludwig Conrad von Bergen, or Ludwig Conrad Montanus, which seems only a Latinized form. Murr, on the other hand, is disposed to accept the name Montanus as genuine, but points out certain difficulties as to date connected with Semler's view, and he stigmatizes as gross false- hoods what is said about the houses of the order. In his remarks on this topic Findel seems to regard the society described by Orvius as an offshoot or imitation of the original Rosicrucians. His words are to the effect that the adherents of one of those theosophic and hermetic societies which spread over Europe, gave as their founder 'a certain Christian Rose or C. L. von Bergen,' which is a very curious confusion to fall into, especially as he quotes Orvius' preface and the revelations he made of their practices. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, iv. pp. 488-491 (Mor- mius). Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 130-135 (Tom. i. lib. i. cap. xiii. 35-51). Bergman, Dissertatio . . . sistens Chemies Pro- gressus a media Sac. vii. ad Medium Sac. xvii., Upsal. (1782), pp. 7-8. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermftique, 1742, iii. pp. 240 (says it refers to the Rosicrucians) ; 287 (petit livre rare et curieux). (P. 282 he quotes an edition of the Area arcanis- sima Mormii de F. R. C. 1617, in German along with other two works, but this date seems to be an error). Missiv an die hocherleitchtete Bruderschaft des Ordensdes Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p' 102. Beytrag zur Gcschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 322 (Rose and Morm), 609 (Mormii Arcana), 665, 671. The society referred to by Orvius took its origin, as Gmelin tells us, on the borders of Dauphin^, from a certain Christian Rose, was called by his name, and is not to be confused, as was done by Reimmann, Lenglet Dufresnoy and Bergman, with the Rosicrucian Fraternity. It admitted only three pupils, and had three great secrets ; motus perpetuus, lapis philosophorum, medicina univer- salis, but there were a good many minor ones as well. Peter Morm, or Mormius, who had been an attendant, laid, at the instigation of Rose himself, a certain number of their secrets before the States General, and, when he failed to get a hearing, published them in a book entitled : Arcana totius natures secretissima, nee hactenus unquam detecta, a Collegia Rosiano in lucent produntur, opera Petri Mormii, Lugduni Batav., 1630, 24°. Mor- hof has given an ample account of the Society and its secrets from Mormius' work, and the Beytrag contains a romantic narrative of Rose and his secrets, and Mormius. Kopp has devoted a paragraph to Orvius' work, which he found to be rare, and of which, after considerable search, he got a copy in the library at Darmstadt. But he did not know how this rarity was accounted for by the author of the Missiv, who, after quoting the title at full length, proceeds as follows : "The manuscript was indicated in Eleazar by the Erfurt bookseller Crusius, and I know from sure information that the whole edition was at once bought from the publisher and the copies sup- pressed, presumably because the author gave such a revolting delineation of the Rosicrucians and an expose" of their treatment of him. It would be tedious to repeat it all, so I refer the curious reader to the extremely rare book itself, and let each pass his own judgment upon it." He then goes on to speak of the edition of ab Indagine, who puts it under the name of Montanus, to whom reference has been already made. The differences between the two editions of the book, which are considerable, may be briefly recapitulated. There is, ist, the difference in the title-pages ; 2nd, the preface, from which in the second edition the main part of the strictures on the Rosian society have been excised ; 3rd, the text, which, in the second edition, has been subjected to no small amount of alteration. See the note upon MON- TANUS. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 114, 122; i787i »• p. 177- Wiegleb in his translation of Bergman's disser- tation : Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfin- dungen in der Chemie in der altesten und mittlern /.eit, 1792, pp. 143-147, corrected the mistake into which Bergman had fallen. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 566 ; 1798, ii. p. 331. Murr, ifber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. n, 58. Buhle, Ueber den Ursprung . . . der Orden der Rosenkreuzer, 1804, p. 230. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Lilteratur, 1806-08, p. 261. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 194, No. 2619; p. 196, No. 2638. J. G. Findel, Geschichte der Freimaurerei, 2te Auflage, Leipzig, 1866, p. 128. Kopp,DieAlcAemie, 1886, ii. pp. 204,316,344,361. i6o OSIANDER—OVO OSIANDER (ANDREAS). Tractat von der Philosophia oder Weltweisheit. See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 143. Osiandrische Experiment von Sale, Luna & Mercuric. See RESCH (JOAN ULRICH). Most of the historians mention a certain Johann Adam Osiander, a theologian, who was born at Vaihingen, 3 Dec., 1622, and died at Tubingen, 20 Oct., 1697, and is stated (incorrectly) to be the person denoted in the work of Joan Ulrich Resch, who gives his name as Lucas. Andreas Osiander, however, is not referred to by them, and it is a question whether the author of the present tract is or is not one of the two theologians of that name. The earlier of the two lived between 1498 and 1552, For Johann Adam Osiander : Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni ire, 1599, p. 141. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2103. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 252. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1120; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1816, v. col. 1225. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 619. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 624. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 410. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 329. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxiv. p. 1659. and besides engaging in theological controversy, assisted in the publication of the works of Coper- nicus. The latter bearer of the name was born in 1562, and died in 1617, studied theology, was dis- tinguished as a preacher, and wrote a number of theological works. The present tract is not enu- merated among the works of either writer. Nazari quotes ' Osiander medicus de distilla- tionibus,' who seems to be different from the others. Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, i. pp. 108, 112. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2098. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1117 ; Rotermund 's Fortsetzung und Ergdnt- ungen, 1816, v. cols. 1213-1222. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wbrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 336. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxiv. pp. For Andreas Osiander, the elder : Melchior Adami, Vitce Germanorum Theo- logorum, 1653, pp. 226-240. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 158 ; portrait pi. 7. For Andreas Osiander, the younger : Melchior Adami, Vita; Germanorum Theologorum, 1653, pp. 860-862. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 391. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2100. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1119; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1816, v. cols. 1222-24. l^a.d.rSig\i&,Bidliothegue Ouvarojf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1349 (the same as the above). OSTEN (HANS VON). Eine grofse Herzstarkung fur die Chymisten; nebst einer Dose voll gutes Niesepulver, fur die unkundigen Widersprecher der Verwandlungskunst der Metalle, im Kloster zu Oderberg, seit Anno 1426. aufbehalten, durch Hans v. Osten ; welche vor wenigen Monathen von einem Maurer-gesellen daselbst gefunden worden. Begleitet mit einer Zuschrift an die Chymisten, und einer wahrhaften Nachricht dieser Geschichte, nebst dem dazu gehorigen Kupfer. Auf Kosten des Verfassers. Berlin in Commifsion bey dem Antiquarius Johann Friedrich Vieweg, 1771. 8°. Pp. [14] 108 [2 blank]. Frontispiece and engraved plate extra. A mason making an alteration in the Abbey at book was edited by Hans von Osten in 1771. In Oderberg found this box and a pamphlet, with chemical characters and illustrations. The box contained a powder which he threw away. They had been put into a cavity in the wall in 1426 by a monk, Hans van Osten. The story was repeated by Kortum. Schmieder says inaccurately that the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 675- Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, pp. 225- 227. the Beytrag it is said that "when the first 'rota- tion ' has missed the mark, and all the expenses have met with no return, then the alchemist needs — this reviving cordial." It contains historical notes of transmutations and an account of a num- ber of alchemical deceptions. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 210. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 385. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1495-96. OVO Philosophorum (De). See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 565. The 'Ovum Philosophorum' or philosophers' egg, is a vessel of suitable form in which the matter is digested or concocted for the proper time. P. M. G.- PACKE 161 P. M. G. See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC). p. -20,\>. 28. Nando", Apologie pour tous les grands personnages . . . soupfonnez de Magie, 1625, p. 391 ; English translation, 1657, p. 184. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, pp. 57-63. Connng, De Hermetka ALgyptiorum vetere et A special set of his writings have been collected and turned into English by A. E. Waite : ' The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombast,' London, 1894, 2 vols. , 4°. For the separate English translations of the six- teenth and seventeenth centuries, see my Biblio- graphia Paracelsica, Part iii., 1890, pp. 31-49. Quite recently a new edition of his works has been projected, of which one part has appeared : Theophrastus Paracelsus Das Buch Paragranum, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Dr. Phil. Franz Strunz. Verlegt bei Eugen Diederichs, Leipzig, 1903, square 8°, pp. [4] 112, with a portrait. For an account of all known editions of Para- celsus'works with the fullest bibliographical details, reference must be made to the great monograph of Dr. Sudhoff, which not only supersedes all other bibliographies of Paracelsus, but is the most complete and thorough of any author whatever. The expounders and critics of Paracelsus require to be considered cautiously. Some, and especially the older writers, are prejudiced, unsympathetic, and unperceptive ; others are over enthusiastic and read more into Paracelsus' words and views than they contain. But, whatever may be thought of himself or of his doctrines, Paracelsus will endure as one of the greatest forces of the sixteenth century. He revolutionized medicine. Articles on Paracelsus are to be found in every biographical dictionary, in every history of medi- cine and of its fundamental sciences, the consolida- tion of which was one of his great aims, and he is the theme of numerous, not to say innumerable, monographs. As he confined his researches to no one topic, but discoursed on theology, philosophy, science, as well as on medicine and surgery, and as he provoked opposition in all, Paracelsus-literature is voluminous, and references to him and his views pervaded chemical and medical literature for long after his decease. Only a few indications, however, can be given. Paracelsicorum nova Medicina Liber Unus, Helmestadii, 1648, 4°. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 176-181, 218, 269. Quenstedt, Dialogus depatriisillustrium doctrina et scriptis virorum, 1654, p. 132. Erasmus Franciscus, Die lustige Schau-Biikne von allerhand Curiositdten, Nurnberg, 1663, pp. 649-654. (His epitaph : opinions about him, &c.). Crasso, Elogii d'Huomini letterati, Venetia, 1666, ii. pp. 45-49 (with Tintoretto's portrait of Paracelsus). Conring, De Hermetica Medicina Libri Duo, Editio secunda, Helmestadii, 1669, 4°. Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 138. Thomasius, Dissertatio . . . de Plagio literario, Lips. [1673], sig. Dd 4 r, § 514. Borrichius, Hermetis, s&gyptiorum, et Chemi- corum sapientia abHermanni Conringii animadver- sionibus vindicata, Hafniae, 1674, 4°- Adamus £ Lebenwaldt, Vierdtes Tractdtel von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der falschen Al- chymisterey, 1680, pp. 80-110. Johann Tileman, Zugab vnd Beysatz gewisser vnuberwindlicher I''undamenten, daraufsdefs Nebel oder Lebenwalds Tractatlein so su Saltzburg ge- druckt warden, sollen gdnlzlich zu nichts, vnd offentlich zu Schanden werden, sig. A 9 verso. Mercklin, Lindeniusrenovatus, 1686, pp. 101-108. 172 PARACELSUS PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, pp. 10, 53, 65, 67, 69, in, 131, 132, 286, 380. Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditionedarorum, 1688, p. 1225, portrait, plate 54. E. G. D. Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetische Christenthum, Franckf. und Leipzig, 1690-91, 2 Thle., I. cap. iv. vom Paracelsismo, pp. 178-205. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 30, No. xlv. Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700, pp. 323-327, & passim. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 58. Pierre Poiret, Bibliotheca Mysticorum selecta, 1708, p. 174, §48. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 201, 4753, 4793 ; 1713, vi. p. 550. Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, Genevae, 1710, p. 597. Teissier, Les Eloges des Homtnes Savans, Leyden, 1715, iii. pp. 137-147- Mencken, Zwey Reden von der Charlatanerie . . . der Gelehrten, Leipz., 1716, pp. 67 note, 107, 249, 267. Barchusen, De medicines origine et progressu dis- sertationes, Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1723, pp. 364-397. Dan. Le Clerc, Histoire de Me'decine, Afnst., 1723, pp. 792-820. John Freind, The History of Physick from the time of Galen to the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, 1725, i. p. 2 ('illiterate enthusiast'), 66, 264 ; 1726, ii. 336 (' Paracelsus's idle system '). Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum natum seculorum Commentarius, cumprolegomenis, . . . notis perpetuis, et additionibus, Wratislavise, 1727, p. 159. Joh. Heinr. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica, Lips., 1727, pp. 12, 89, 137, 412, 428. Mencken, De Charlataneria Eruditorum De- clamationes Duo;, 1727, pp. 119, 256, 271. Buddeus, ' Untersuchung von der Alchemie,' in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 62 & passim. Nenter, ' Bericht von der Alchemic,' in Roth- Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. pp. 162, 167, 181-188. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 440-443. Stolle, Anleitung zur Geschichte der Medicin- ischen Gelahr/ieit, 1731, passim. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliuthecee metallicce, 1732, p. no. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 92; ii. pp. 118, 274. 394- Jacob Brucker, Kurlze Fragen aus der Philoso- phischen Historie, Ulm, 1735, vi. pp. 1067-1137. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 1736, pp. 542, 565, 566. Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, pp. 145 (discus- sions as to whether Paracelsus was the first to criticise the Galenic system), 180 (takes the part of Paracelsus against Freind and others, who accuse him of ignorance of anatomy and indifference to it). Hauber, Bibliotheca Acta et Scripta Magica, Lemgo, 1739, I. Stuck vi. (Paracelsus' portrait as frontispiece)? pp. 367-378 (remarks on the portrait), 349-366 (review of Lebenwaldt's observations), 382- 398 (vindication of Paracelsus from the accusation of magic). Joh. David Kohler, Historischer Miinz-Belu- stigung Eilfter Theil, 1739, pp. 369-376 (engraving and description of a portrait-medal of Paracelsus). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1740, p. 617. Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 721. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, I. pp. 899-904 (Th. ii. B. xvi. cap. 22, § r-8) ; I. Num. xci. p. 1500 ; Num. xcii. pp. 1502, 1511, 1521 ; II. p. 226 (Th. ii. B. xvii. cap. 17, §7) ; p. 251 (cap. 18, §18) ; III. ii. p. 38, §7 ; p. 344. Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca Medici Eruditi, Bergomi, 1742, p. 33. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 271, 279-284, 471 ; iii. pp. 255-257- Brucker, Historia critica Philosophies, 1743, IV. i. pp. 647-671, 676-685. Jdcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1245 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1816, v. col. 1545-49. Fictuld Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 118; ii. p. 107. Eloy, Dictionnaire hislorique de la Mtdecine, 1755, »• PP- 237-250 ; 1778, iii. pp. 461-471. Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, VIII. ii. p. 64. Matthioe, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 170. Jo. Maria Mazzuchelli, Museum Mazzuchellianum, Venetiis, 1761, i. p. 237 ; Tab. liii. Num. v. Joh. Matthias Schrockh, Abbildungen und Le- ben schreibungen beruhmter Gelehrten, Leipzig, 1766, i. pp. 13-22, with a portrait. Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, i. p. 347. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 249. J. C. W. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samhing von Bildnissen, grostentheils beruhmter Aerzte, Berlin, 1771, Th. ii. pp. 99-101. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 158 ; 1777, ii. p. 739. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 183- 185 ; 1775, ii. p. 598. Der Teutsche Merkur vom Jahr 1776, Drittes Vierteljahr, pp. 85-91 ('Einige Nachrichten von Theophrastus Paracelsus'). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicin® practices, 1777, ii. pp. 2-12. J. A. Hemman, Medicinisch-chirurgische Auf- sdtze historisch-practischen Inhalts, Berlin, 1778, pp. 1-40. Herzog, Athencz Rauricee, 1778, pp. 170-173. Saxius, Onomasticon, 1780, iii. pp. 146, 604, 659. ' Nachricht von dem Leben des Theophrastus Paracelsus,1 Hermetisches Museum, 1782, i. pp. 113-116 (prefixed to the ' Wunsch-Hiitlein '). Corrodi, Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus, Frankf. und Leipzig, 1783, iii. p. 276. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 156, 507. Gottlieb Emmanuel von Haller, Bibliothek der Schweiser Geschichte, 1785, i. p. 482, § 1602 ( Pfeffers, Opera) ; ii. pp. 313-317, § i2i4-§ 1227 (Life). Jo. Frid. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam Medicines litterariam, Goettingae, 1786, p. 139. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historie der Rosenkreuser, 1786, i. p. 18 ; 1787, ii. p. 18. Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 1789, vii. p. 189 (he enumerates authorities for the life and gives a list of the works of Paracelsus). Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie . . . Duisburg, 1789, p. 113. J. M. Schrockh, Lebensbeschreibung beruhmter Gelehrten, 1790, i. p. 42. PARACELSUS '73 PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Lilerdr- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 173, 175, § 158, pp. 195-199, §§ I73-I75- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 9, I95-258. 340-44, 556-557, 675. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, pp. 197- 209. Leonard Meister, Helvetiens Beriihmte Manner, ate Aufl., ed. J. C. Fasi, Zurich, 1799, ii. pp. 28- 34, with a portrait. C. G. v. Murr, ' Litterargeschichte des Theo- phrastus Paracelsus,' Neues Journal zur Litteratur und Kunstgeschichte, Leipzig, 1799, ii. with 3 plates. Ludwig Vogel, Alte Zeit und neue Zeit, Erfurt, 1802, I. pp. ii-xxxviii (Paracelsus' medicine) ; 97- 227 ( ' Blumenlese aus dem Theophrast '). Daub & Creuzer, Studien, Frankfurt, 1805, i. pp. 228-291 (Uber Theophrastus Paracelsus von Hohenheim, by Loos). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 43-46. A. F. Hecker, Die Heilkunst auf ihren Wegen zur Gewifsheit, Wien, 1813, pp. 68-78 (Paracelsus' system). Joh. Nepomuck Ehrhart, Medicinisch-chirur- gische Zeitung, 1815, i. p. 47 (cause of Paracelsus' death). Rixner & Siber, I^eben und Lehrmeinungen beriihmter Physiker, Sulzbach, 1819-23, 8° (the section on Paracelsus was reprinted in 1829). Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. pp. 361-363. A. N. Scherer, Theophrastus Paracelsus, St. Petersburg, 1821, 8°. Biographie Universelle, 1822, xxxii. p. 543 ; n.d. xxxii. p. 112 (article by Renauldin and references). Markus Lutz, Geschichte der Universitat Basel, Aarau, 1826, pp. 48, 49, 92, 93. Retrospective Review, 1826, xiv. pp. 98-135 (article on ' Paracelsus of the Chemical Transmuta- tion ... of Metals '). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. pp. 205-208, 213, 217, 250, 255-57, 43°-492- F. Jahn, 'Paracelsus,' in J. F. C. Hecker's Litterarische Annalen der gesammten Heilkunde, Berlin, 1829, xiv. pp. 1-31, 129-152. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 140. Schultz, Die homoobiotische Medizin des Theo- phrastus Paracelsus . . . Berlin, 1831, 8°. J. C. Maris, Dissertatio medica inauguralis de Paracelso, Lugduni Batavorum, 1832, 8°. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 265. Robert Browning, Paracelsus, London, 1835, pp. ix. [i blank] 216 (Advertisements, 35, [i]). Andreas Fredericus Bremer & Eduardus Augustus Dahlerup, Dissertationes de Vita et Opinionibus Theophrasti Paracelsi, Hauniae, 1836, pp. [2] 1-72 [5] 73-191 [i]. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historiqut de la Mide- cine, 1837, III. ii. pp. 665-671. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopcidie, iii. Section, 1838, xi. pp. 285-296 (article by Escher). Preu, Das System der Medicin des Theophrastus Paracelsus, Berlin, 1838, 8°. Preu, Die Theologie des Theophrastus Paracelsus, Berlin, 1839, 8". Lessing, Paracelsus, sein Leben und Denken, Berlin, 1839, 8°, with a portrait. Rohatzsch, Compendiose Geschichte der Medicin. Pforzheim, 1839, i. pp. 233-285. Ad. Fr. Stoerzel, De Paracelsi Vita atque Doctrina Dissertatio inauguralis, Ilnke, 1840, 8°. Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin und ihrer Hiilf swissenschaf ten, 1840, i. pp. 234-249. Haeser, ' Mil welchem Rechte wird Paracelsus der Reformator der Medicin genannt?' Archivfur die gesammte Medicin, Jena, 1840, i. pp. 26-43. Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 97 (with a portrait) ; 1852, i. p. 142 (with a portrait). Fabre d'Olivet, Theophrastus Paracelsus, der Arzt, Magdeburg, 1842, 3 Bde (Historical romance, translated by Dr. Eduard Liber from the French). Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 9-23 ; 1869, ii. pp. 5-19. Karl Friedrich Heinrich Marx, ' Zur Wurdigung des Theophrastus von Hohenheim,' in Abhandlun- gen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, 1843, i. pp. 72-212 (also in a separate reprint). Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 92-103, &c. , &c. Sasz, ' Paracelsus, sein Leben, sein System und seine Bedeutung,' in Mundt' s Der fret Aa/en, Altona, 1843, pp. 204-232. Chrzescinski, De Paracelso ejusque opinionibus, Vratislaviae (1844), 8°. Dierbach, ' Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Pharma- kologie des Theophrastus Paracelsus,' in Szerlecki's Zeitschrift fur Therapie und Pharmakodynamik , Freiburg, 1844, Hft. i. p. 24. Quitzmann, ' Paracelsus,' in Lewald's Deuischer Heldensaal und Ehrentempel, 1844, i. pp. 111-126. .•Meihsner, De Paracelso, Dissertatio, Berlin, 1847, 8°. Frankenberg, Geschichte der Heilkunst und der Heilschwarmerei, Leipzig, 1848, p. 192. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 200, 262-275, 3°9 I l849. "• P- J59- Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, Paris, 1849, iv. pp. 549-557. Soane, New Curiosities of Literature, 1849, i. pp. 134-156. Cap, ' Paracelse,' Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1851, 36 S6rie, xxi. pp. 136-149 ; reprinted in Etudes biographiques, Premiere SeYie, 1857, p. i. Locher, Theophrastus Paracelsus Bombastus von Hohenheim der Luther der Medicin, Zurich, 1851, 8°. A. Moll, ' Philipp Bombast von Hohenheim,' in Medicinisches Correspondenz-Blatt des Wiirtem- bergischen Aertzlichen Vereins, Stuttgart, 1851, xxi., pp. 249, 257, 265. F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Nature/let au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 558. J. Le Fevre Deumier, Etudes biographiques et littiraires sur quelques cilebritts ttrangeres, Paris, 1854, pp. 155-248. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. pp. 181-188. K. Mueller, 'Theophrastus Paracelsus,1 Die Natur, Halle, 1855, No. iv. Beilage, pp. 33-36, with a portrait Phillippe & Ludsvig, Geschichte der Apotheker, Jena, 1855, pp. 422, 500, 993. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, 11. pp. 46-53. Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography 1857, iv. col. 660. W. Grundhoff, A. Vesalii et Theophrasti Para- celsi instauratorum artis medicce Germanorum vita et merita et scripta, Dissertatio, Berolini, 1860, 8°. Rudolf Wolf, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte derSchweitz, Zurich, 1860; DritterCyklus, pp. 1-50. 174 PARA CELSUS—PARISIJE PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 357. NouvelleBiographieGe'nirale, 1865, xxxix. col. 178. Friswell, Varia, 1866, pp. 163-194. Jobert, Essai sur Paraceheetsa rtforme mtdicale an XVI* siecle, Paris, 1866, 4°. R. Finckenstein, ' Ueber den Einfluss der Chemie auf die Medicin des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts,' in Deutsche Klinik, 1866, No. 48, p. 433. Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters , 1866, iii. pp. 430-452. Figuier, Vies des savants illustres de la renais- sance avec I' appreciation sommaire de leurs travaux, Paris, 1868, pp. 49-99, with a portrait. E. Schmeisser, Die Medicin des Paracelsus in ikrem Zusammenhange mit seiner Philosophic dargestellt, Berlin, 1869, 8°. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 900-913, 1275, 1326, 1707, 1843. Bouchut, Histoire de la Mtdecine, 1873, i. p. 265, &c. J. C. Dalton, 'Galen and Paracelsus,' New York Medical Journal, 1873, No. xvii. 5, pp. 449-475. A. Rittmann, Das reformirende Deutschland, •und sein Paracelsus, Wien, 1875, 8°. Friedr. Mook, Theophrastus Paracelsus, eine kritische Studie, Wiirzburg, 1876, 4°, pp. [6] 136 (a bibliography of his writings only). Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, Parts i.-vi., 1877-1896, 8°, pp. 306. Aberle, Theophrastus Paracelsus und dessen Ueberreste in Salzburg, 1878, 8°, with a plate. Ferd. Zohrer, ' Ein alpiner Vagabund der Wis- senschaft," in Jager's Tourist, Wien, 1878, x. Jahrgang, Bd. ii. pp. 10, 33. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xii. pp. 675-683 (article by Hugo Delff). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicine, 1881, ii. pp. 33, 71 (life, with references), 165, 215, 217, 411, 522. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme Se"rie, 1884, xx. pp. 502-509. Stanelli, Die Cellular-Therapie als Heilkunst des Paracelsus . . ., Wien, 1881, 8°. J. Kerschensteiner, Zum Geddchtnisse an Theo- phrastus Paracelsus an dessen 340 Todcstage, Salzburg, 1881, 4°. Christoph Sigwart, KleineSchriften(i%%i), i. pp. 25-48. L. Joerg, Die Naturwissenschaft des Paracelsus, Landau, 1882, 8°. H. Rohlfs, Kritik yon ' Theophrastus Paracelsus eine kritische Studie von F. Mook,' Deutsches Archivfiir Geschichte der Medicin, Leipzig, 1882, v. pp. 213-242. Stanelli, Die Zukunfls-Philosophie des Paracelsus als Grundlage einer Reformation fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaften, Wien, 1884, 8°. Ferguson, ' Paracelsus, 'Encyclopedia Britannica 9th Ed., 1885, xviii. pp. 234-236. Barbillon, Histoire de la Mddecine, Paris, 1886, pp. 44-49. R. Eucken, Beitrdgc zur Geschichte der neueren Philosophie vornehmlich der deutschen, Heidelberg, 1886, pp. 32-53 (Paracelsus, ' Lehre von der Ent- wicklung '). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zelten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. pp. 482-485 (by Pagel). K. Kiesewetter, ' Paracelsus Philipp Aureolus Bombast von Hohenheim, nach seinem Leben und Denken geschildert,' Sphinx, Leipzig, 1886, ii. pp. 249-258. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 33, 41, 48, &c., &c., &c. H. Peters, Aus pharmazeutischer Vorzeitin Bild und Wort, Berlin, 1886, pp. 48-51, 150, &c. Stanelli, Philosophie der Krafte, Leipzig, 1886, 8° (an attempt to correlate Paracelsus' and modern views). Hartmann, The Life of Paracelsus, London, 1887, 8°. Hedderwick, The old German puppet play of Doctor Faust, 1887, p. 188. Schubert & Sudhoff, Paracelsus-Forschungen, 2 parts, Frankfurt, 1887-89, 8°. Billings, Index -Catalogue, 1889, x. pp. 406-409 (and references). Michel Emery, Renaudot et f Introduction de la Medication chimique, Paris, 1889, pp. 16-28. Carl Aberle, Grabdenkmal, Schiidel und Abbil- dungen des Theophrastus Paracelsus, Salzburg, 1891. (Contains an enumeration and classification of the portraits, and conclusions as to the cause of his death drawn from the state of his skull, as it was found at the opening of his tomb. ) Sudhoff, Versuch einer Kritik der Echtheit der Paracelsischen Schriften, Berlin, 1894, 8°, vol. i., Bibliographia Paracelsica ; vol. ii., Paracelsische Handschriften, 1899. Ernst von Meyer, Geschichte der Chemie, 2te Aufl. , 1895, p. 59; English translation, 1891, p. 65. Louis Durey, La Mtdecine Occulte de Paracelse et de quelques autres Mtdecins Hermdtistes, Paris, 1900, 8°. Raymund Netzhammer, Theophrastus Paracelsus, Das Wissenswerteste iiber dessen Leben, Lehre und Schriften, Einsiedeln, 1901, 8° (with Tintoretto's portrait and other illustrations). Franz Strunz, Theophrastus Paracelsus sein Leben und seine Persohnlichkeit. Ein Beitragzitr Geistes- geschichte der deutschen Renaissance, Leipzig, 1903, 8°, pp. 126 [2], with portraits and facsimiles. R. Julius Hartmann, Theophrast von Hohenheim, Stuttgart & Berlin, 1904, 8°, pp. iv. [2] 222 [2]. Portrait of Paracelsus. PARADEIS-SPIEGEL. See MULLER (AMBROSIUS). PARADEISS-TAFEL, Paradysi Tabula. See GLORIA MUNDI. PARADISUS Aureolus Hermeticus. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 317. PARISH. See CODEX Medicamentarius, seu Pharmacopoea Parisiensis, 1732 PARISIENSIS—PAULLINI 175 PARISIENSIS (CHRISTOPHORUS). See CHRISTOPHORUS Parisiensis. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimicat 1654, pp. 181, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 182. p. 4°3- PAROLE (La) delaissde. See BERNHARDUS. PARTICULAR vnd Vniversal Tincturen (Von den). See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 294. PARTICULARS. See ALLERLEY PARTICULARIA. PARTICULAR-ZEIGER. See CHYMISCHER oder Alchymistischer Particular-Zeiger. PASCAL (JACQUES). Discours contenant la Conference de la Pharmacie Chymique, ou Spagirique, auec la Galenique, ou Ordinaire. Ensemble la Demonstration des abus qui se commettent sur les principaux medicamens officinaux de 1'Apothicaire ordinaire. Par lacques Pascal, Maistre Apothicaire de Beziers. A Beziers, Pour lean Martel, marchant Libraire de ladicte ville. M. DC. XVI. Auec priuilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [48] 330 [3, 3 blank]. Haller, followed by Rotermund, quotes of the belongs to a much better known man than Jacques above book only the edition of Toulouse, 1616, Pascal ! The incompatibility of the dates of the 8°. But Rotermund also ascribes to him a work two works does not seem to have been observed by ' de 1'equilibre des liqueurs et de la pesanteur Rotermund. de la masse de 1'air,' Paris, 1663, 12°, which Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . . p. 457. Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Ltxico, 1816, v. col. 1608. PASSERA (FELICE). II Nuovo Tesoro degP Arcani Farmacologici Galenici, & Chimici, b Spargirici, Consagrato al Serenissimo Marc' Antonio Giustiniani Principe di Venetia. Da Frate Felice Passera di Bergamo Capuccino Infermiero della Prouincia di Brescia. Opera molto vtile, non solo a Farmacologici, mh. ancor' ad ogni Medico, & Professore della Medicina. Divisa in Tre Libri. ^ , rp , (Vna delle Osseruationi, & Distintioni, Con due Tauole J , [L'altra delle cose pm Notabih, & particolan. In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXVIII. Appresso Giouanni Pare, all' Insegna della Fortuna. Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio. Folio. Pp. [8] i, columns 2 to 865, p. [i], LibroTerzo, M.DC.LXXXIX. Pp. [4], columns 688, Indice, pp. [28]. Title red and black. In addition to the above, Passera wrote another The author was, as he tells us, a physician and work: Practica Universale nella Medicina, Milano, Capuchin monk at Bergamo. The work is reviewed 1693, f°l- by Mangel. Ada Eruditorum, 1690, p. 216 (review of the Zedler, Universal-lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 1202. above work). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, p. 49. 1731, II. i. p. 452. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 534. PAULLINI (CHRISTIAN FRANZ). C. F. Paullini Kleine doch curiose und vermehrte Bauren-Physic, von neuen mit unterschiedlichen Stticken vermehret und verbessert. Dritte Aufflage. 176 PA ULLINI-PA YKULL PAULLINI (CHRISTIAN FRANZ). Continued. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann Christoph Stofsels seel. Erben in Erffurth 1719. 8°. Pp. 166 [2 blank]. This is a treatise on meteorology, the winds, engaged by the Bishop of Munster as premier snow, hail, etc. , certain phenomena in the mineral, physician and historiographer, but in 1689 he vegetable and animal worlds, of tree planting, of removed to Eisenach where he died 10 (18) June, cattle, of portents indicated by comets, and such like physical topics. It is sort of shepherd's calendar. An edition of it appeared at Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1705, 8°. Paullini (Christian, not Christopher, as Haller sometimes calls him) was born at Eisenach, 25 Feb., 1643 (1645), studied at different Universities, Konigsberg, Copenhagen, Kiel and Rostock. When he was a student at Copenhagen he acted as interpreter for the Italian adventurer Gioseppe Francesco Borri (q. v. ). When at Hamburg he was crowned as poet with a laurel wreath sent from Jena. He was Master of Arts of Wittenberg, and on his return from a visit to England graduated M.D. at Leyden. He thereupon travelled in Norway and Sweden, in Curland and Livonia, and was going to Italy but was prevented by the state of his health. He then practised in Hamburg' and Altona, and in all Holstein up to 1675, which year he spent in France, after having been created Count Palatine. On his return he was Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 168. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, v. p. 477. Buddeus, ' Untersuchung von der Alchemic,' in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum C/iemium, 1728, i. p. 126 (quotes him in connection with Burr- hus, or Borri, of whom he gives a long account). Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 471-475 (review of his works). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 355, 535. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 628. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 1569. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 622-633. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1317 (a long account condensed from Moller's) ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1816, v. col. 1718 (list of 54 of his works). Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et critique, Amst. & La Haye, 1753, letter P, pp. 79-82. Biichner, Academiae . , . Naturtz Curiosorum Historic, 1755, p. 467, No. 59. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 639 (list of several writings). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 482. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 1778, iii. p. 500. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii. p. 298. 1712, having been paralysed on his right side for seven years. He was skilled in medicine, theology, history, and antiquities, and wrote numerous books on many curious subjects besides those on medicine and natural history. He made translations and conducted a large correspondence. He was admitted, 17 April, 1675, a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum with the name Arion I., and belonged to other learned societies, and, as already said, he was imperial poet laureate, Count Palatine, and ducal physician. He wrote a dissertation on Mount Hecla, Ham- burg, 1676, 4° ; Theriaca ccelestis, Francof. a. M., 1701, 8° (com- pare GREIFF (FRIEDRICH) ) ; Nucis Moschatae descriptio, Franc, et Lips., 1704, 8° (to this last is prefixed a life of the author by Esaia Dahlborn). He also wrote a life of Johannes Dolaeus, q.v. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 210. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi- P- 382. Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxiii. p. 207 ; n.d. xxxii. p. 307 (article by Weiss). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 464. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, iii. Section, 1840, xiv. p. 168. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. p. 548. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 458. Nouvelle Biographie Gfadrale, 1865, xxxix. col. 407. K. F. H. Marx, ' Zur Beurtheilung des Arztes Christian Franz Paullini,' in Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zti Gottingen, 1873, xviii. pp. 53-91. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 428 (refers to Marx). Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1885, xxi. p. 650. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 512 (by Pagel). Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxv. p. 279 (article by Wegele ; calls him Franz Christian Paullini). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 582. PAULMIER (PIERRE). See PALMARIUS (PETRUS). PAYKULL (OTTO ARNOLD VON). Problema Chymicum oder des Weyland (Tit.) Herren General Lieutenants O. A. v. P. Chymischer Proces, wodurch nach proportion eines Quentleins prseparirten Sulphuris Antimonii, anderthalb Loth Bley in das schoneste und feineste Gold verwandelt worden, Allen der wahren Chymie Liebhabern und rechtschaffenen Philosophis mitgetheilet, und zu Dero genauen Unter- suchung aufgegeben, nebst beygefiigter Vorrede, in welcher so wohl die PA YKULL—PELLETIER 177 PAYKULL (Oxro ARNOLD VON). Continued. Ursache der Publication, als auch dasjenige, was in selbigem Procefs ermangele und annoch zu erforschen sey, kiirtzlich eroffnet und angezeiget wird. Berlin, Bey Johann Christoph Papen, 1719. 4°. Pp. [8] 20. In 1705 when the Swedes under Charles XII. defeated the Poles, they took prisoner at Warsaw the officer Otto Arnold von Paykull. As his home was in Livonia, which then belonged to Sweden, he was tried at Stockholm as a rebel and traitor. Implor- ing mercy of the king, he promised to supply him annually with a specified amount of gold, and asked that he might be permitted to give a demon- stration before a commission of his ability to carry out his promise. This was done, and a certain amount of lead was transformed into gold, from Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 220. Goran Nordberg, Leben und Thaten Carls des Zwdlften (translated by Johann Heinrich Heubel), 1742, i. pp. 118, 606 (battle at Warsaw and capture of Paykul, and his correspondence) ; 1746, ii. p. 8 (his execution, and the medal struck from alchemi- cal gold). Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 347 (cap. 5. §21)- Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 118 (calls him Baycull, and decries his ' process '). Petraeus, Basilius Valentinus, Chymische Schriff- ten, 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. b6 recto. Wiegleb, Historisck-kritische Untersuchung der Alchemic, 1777, p. 304. (Considers it as unworthy of examination.) Bergman, Dissertatio . . . sistens Chcmife Pro- which a coin or medal was struck, a drawing of which is given by Nordberg. On the obverse it has the likeness of the king with the words : CAROL, xn. D.G. REX SVE. and on the reverse: HOC AVRVM ARTE CHEMICA CONKLAV1T HOLMI.& A. 1706. o. A. v. PAYKVLL. Notwithstanding this, his execution was not delayed, and he was beheaded at Stockholm, Feb. 4, 1707. Various comments have been made on this case by Schmieder and others. gressus a media sac. VII. ad medium sac. XVII., 1782, p« 30; Wiegleb's translation: Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und mittlern Zeit, 1792, p. 201. Giildenfalk, Sammlungvon . . . Transmutations- geschichten, 1784, p. 28, §22. Kortum verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, p. 193. Henckel, Mineralogische, chymische und alchy- mistische Briefe, 1794, i. p. 148. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 294. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . , Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. col. 1759. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 506. Hermann Peters, A us Pharmazeutischer Vorteit in Bild vnd Wort, Berlin, 1886, p. 217. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 192, 206. PAYSAN. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Le Petit Paysan. PELAGIUS. De sacra arte. See DEMOCRITUS, De Rebus Sacris, 1717, p. 32. The original tract on transmutation, of which the present is a translation, occurs in the St. Mark's MS. and in the larger number of the Greek MSS. The present edition is reprinted from that of Pizimenti, which appeared at Padua 1572-3. ff- 18.-23- and also appended to Mizaldus' ' Memorabilia,' Coloniae, 1572, f. 239 ; 1573, f. 239 ; 1574, f. 239. Borel, Bibliotlieca Chimica, 1654, p. 183. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 875. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1724, xii. p. 764. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 481. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermltique, 1742, i. p. 463 '< »'• PP- 9, I2. l8. »>> 25, 259. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 314. Murr, Litterarische Nachrichien zu der Geschichle des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 3. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 70. Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdr- geschichte, 1838, I. ii. p. «99- PELLETIER (JEAN). See STARKEY (GEORGE). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 259, 302. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. P- 43i- II Nothing is known about the author, not even the date at which he lived. Murr calls him the oldest of the Greek alchemical writers ; but that is not correct, seeing that he himself quotes Zosimus. His name does not occur in the oldest catalogue of Greek alchemists, but it is included in some of the later ones. For details see Kopp and Berthelot. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 262- 263 ; 1866, i. pp. 271-272. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 154. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschtchte der Chemie, 1869, pp. 424-428. Berthelot, Les Origines de r Alchimie, 1885, passim. Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs, iii. Tomes, 1888 (i. ' Introduction,' passim, the MSS. ; ii. Texte Grec, pp. 253-260, & passim ; iii. Traduction, pp. 243-250, & passim). Berthelot, Introduction a I' Etude de la Ckimie des Anciens et dn Moyen Age, 1889, passim. Hoefer, Histoire tie la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 4O1 \ 1869, ii. p. 394. 1 78 PELSHOFER—PEMBER TON PELSHOFER QOHANN GEORG). See BEGUINUS (JOHANNES), Tyrocinium chymicum. See WECKER (HIERONYMUS), Dissertatio Philosophico-Medica de Paracelsistarum Unguento Armario sub prassidio Johan. Georgii Pelshoferi. His name is also spelt Pelzhofer. He was a native of Gratz in Lower Styria, and was born in 1599. In 1624 he graduated M.D. at Basel, and practised at Hayna in Silesia, and in 1627 passed to Wittenberg as professor of medicine. He edited the above work of Beguinus with a Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 589. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. LI 2 recto, Ann. u Jul. 1637 ; Riga, 1691, Tom. ii. p. 46, ii Jul. 1637. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 482. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 634. Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1741, xxvn. col. 214. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1363 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1816, v. col. 1835. preface, Hartmann's Treatise on Opium, Witten- berg, 1635, 4° ; De Paracelsistarum unguento armario, Argent., 1650, 4° ; Decas Paradoxorum Chymicorum, ib. 1650, 4°, and other treatises on medicine. He died at Wittenberg, ii July, 1637. Matthioe, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 484. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 319. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. P- 535- Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 1778, iii. p. 511. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 573. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 117. PEMBERTON (HENRY). See PHARMACOP£E du College Royal des Medecins de Londres, 1761. Pemberton was born at London in 1694, was educated under John Ward, and in Aug., 1714, went to Leyden to study medicine with Boerhaave. He next went to Paris for anatomy, returned to London for clinical study at St. Thomas's Hospital, and finally graduated at Leyden, 27 Dec., 1719. He did not cultivate the practice of medicine when he settled in London, but rather pursued mathe- matical science, which had a strong attraction for him, and ultimately brought him into intimate relations with Sir Isaac Newton, for whom he edited the third edition of the Principia. In 1728 he was appointed Gresham professor of physic, and Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philoso- phischen Historie, Ulm, 1736, vii. p. 747. John Ward, Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, 1740, ii. p. 301. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxvii. col. 221. The Gentleman's Magazine, 1771, p. 143. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 353 (Pharmacopoeia). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 703 (Course of Physiology). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 388. Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, The Philosophical Transactions . . .from 1665 to 1800, abridged, 1809, vi. p. 570. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv. p. xxxv., 8 Dec., 1720. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxiv. p. 279. Rotermurid, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. col. 1835 (calls him Pemperton). Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 387. Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxiii. p. 306 ; no date, xxxii. p. 422. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii. 743 P- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. pp. 172, 227. he gave lectures on chemistry, his scheme of which was published in 1731 and the lectures themselves in 1771, edited by James Wilson. From 1739 to 1746 he was occupied with the fifth edition of the London Pharmacopoeia for the Royal College of Physicians. The experimental work for it was all done by himself. The book was published in 1746. Pemberton died 9 March (April, Thomson), 1771. He is the author of a good number of published works, lists of which are given by Chalmers and others. He also left a number of works in manuscript. The Georgian Era, 1833, ii. p. 556. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, iii. Section, 1841, xv. p. 335. C. R. Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i. pp. 312-313. Brewster, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855, i. p. 318 ; ii. pp. 378, 383. Knight, The English Cyclopcedia. Biography. 1857, iv. col. 726. Poggendorff, Blographisch-literarisches Hand- •wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 398. Nouvelle Biographie Gen£rale, 1865, xxxix. col. 520. Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1548. Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1878, iii. pp. 382-3. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 706. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi- cales, zeme SeYie, 1886, xxii. p. 410. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. P- 527; Billings, Index -Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 643. Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xliv. p. 280 (article by G. L. G. Norgate). PENES— PENO TVS 1 79 PENES Nos Vnda Tagi. See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS). Apologia. Bernard! G. Penoti, a Portu S. Mariae Aquitani in Duas Partes divisa ad losephi Michelii Middelburgensis Medici scriptum, quo Bern. P. a Portu Aquitani sententiam de pseudotemporistis, in praefatione Dialogi inter Naturam & Filium Philosophise expositam turpi inscitia & calumnia impudenti inuertit. Cui sequentia opuscula adiuncta sunt : De Physici Lapidis materia, & quibus signis dignoscatur. Item de multiplici igne lapidis 1600. Francofurti, e Collegio Paltheniano Sumtibus lonae Rhodii. 8°. Pp. 1-96. Apologiae . . . adversus losephi Michelii Lucensis Medici Middelburgensis cauilla- tiones Pars Altera, in qua auctor non solum iniurias immerito sibi a Michelio illatas, in ipsum retorquet, verum etiarn plurimos errores, absurditates & contrarietates, quibus Michelii scriptum de veteri & vniuersali medicina editum scatet, proponuntur, exarnin- antur & refutantur. . . . Pp. 97-166. Axiomata Physica ex grayissimorum Philosophorum Libris eruta, quibus adiuncta est epistola summi philosophi loannis Pontani de lapide philosophorum, in qua non solum de materia lapidis agitur, verum etiam de igne physicorum, quo mediante, totum opus perficitur. Et Epistola Bernardi Penoti a Portu, ad D. Andream Libauium et Librorum ab auctore editorum Catalogus. 1600. Francofurti E Collegio Paltheni- ano Sumtibus lonse Rhodii. Pp. 167-169 (misprint for 199), [i blank] [32]. Theophrastisch Vade Mecum. Das ist : Etliche sehr niitzliche Tractat, von der warhafftigen bereittung vnd rechtem gebrauch der Chymischen Medi- camenten. Durch den Achtbarn vnd Hochgelarten Herrn, Bernhardum G. Penotum, a portu S. Marise, Aquitanum, beider Artzney D. zu Franckenthal, erstlich in Latein heraus geben. Jtzo aber alien Kunstliebende Teutschen zu sonderbarem nutz in vnsere vernehmliche Muttersprache transferiret, durch lohannem Hippodamum, Cheruscum. Den Inhalt aller Tractatlein, findet man nach der Vorrede, Vnd mit einem ordentlichen Register zu Ende gesetzet. Zu Magdeburgk bey Johan Francken Anno 1596. Cum Gratia et Privilegio, &c. 4°. Pp. [16] 278 (for 240). Title red and black. The Index and Errata seem to have been added to the 1597 issue, or else are wanting in this copy. Other editions are mentioned by Sudhoff. [Another Copy.] It is dated 1597, and it contains Index and Errata, pp. [15, 4, i blank], MS. Notes. Chrysorrhoas, sive de Arte Chemica Dialogus. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 139. Epistola. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 364. Praefatio. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 4 ; p. 81. i8o PENOTUS PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS). Continued. Quaestiones tres de corporali Mercuric. Ad varias quaestiones responsio. Quinquaginta septem Canones de opere Physico. Vera Mercurii ex auro extractio cum sua historia. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. pp. 129-138. Tabula, diversorum Metallorum vocabula, quibus usi sunt veteres ad artem celandam, explicans. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 109. De vera praeparatione & usu Medicamentorum chemicorum, Tractatus varii. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 592. Tractatus varii de vera prrcparatione et usu medicamentorum chymicorum, Francof., 1594, 8°. This collection of tracts contains the following : De vera Ellebori nigri praeparatione. Libellus de Spagyricorum quorundam medicam dosibus et administratione. Quomodo omni tempore anni Hydromel parari possit, vino Malvatico asquipollens. Panacea vegetabilis, qua radicitus Podagra tolli- tur, variique morbi sauantur. A collection of tracts by Paracelsus and others with prefaces by Penotus was translated into English by John Hester : ' A hundred and fourtene experiments and cures of the famous Phisition Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus . . . whereunto is added certaine . . . workes by B. G. a Portu Aquitano. . . .' No place or date [1584], small 8°. The following is probably the second edition : ' A hundred and foureteene Experiments and Cures of the famous Physitian Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus : Translated out of the Germane tongue into the Latin. Whereunto is added certaine excellent and profitable workes by B. G. a Portu Aquitano. . . . London, Printed by Vallentine Sims dwelling on Adling hill at the signe of the white Swanne, 1596. Small 4°, pp. [15, i blank] 82. It was reprinted with the works of Leonard Phioravant, London, 1652, small 4°, pp. [12] 75 [i blank]. These are of interest as containing tracts by Paracelsus. Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Mediconim chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 272. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hofiern Chemie, 1785, pp. 277, 516, 590, 689. . Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 280. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 78, 95, 97. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 297. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 27 ; 1869, ii. p. 24. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 214. Haag, La France Protestanic, 1858, viii. p. 184. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 399. Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1865, xxxix. col. 533 (from Kestner). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 589, 966-68, 1598. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 235 ; ii. p. 320. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 671. Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1885, ii. pp. 29, 30, 41 ; 1890, iii. p. 35 ; 1892, iv. p. 6. Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 328-331, 420, 421, 423, 424, 472, 474, 490, 573, 574, 575. 663. 684, 700. was born between 1520 and 1530 at Port-Sainte-Marie in Guienne. He studied at the University of Basel, and there he seems to have been fascinated by the doctrines of Paracelsus, whom he subsequently styled an arch-plagiarist, and to have devoted himself to the pursuit of the philosopher's stone. He lost all his money and was reduced to such a state of poverty that he had to go into the poor's house of Yverdun in Switzerland, where, blind and in the direst want, he died at the age of ninety-eight years (Haag) about 1620, it is said. Before his death he told Fabricius Hildanus that if he had an enemy that he did not dare to attack by force, and yet wished to do him the greatest possible injury, he would urge him by all the means he possessed to pursue alchemy. Besides the preceding the following are ascribed to him, but I have not seen them : Libellus de sale nitro et ejus praeparatione, Basil. 1606, 8°. De vera Hellebori praeparatione, edit, cum ejus tract, variis, Basil., 1616, 8°. Tractatus de Denario medico, quo X. medica- minibus omnibus morbis internis medendi via docetur, Bern., 1608, 8°. Tractatus de quarumdam herbarum salibus, eorum praeparatione et varia administratione, Ursel., 1601, 8°. Abditorum chymicorum tractatus varii, Francof., 1595. 8°. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 86. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 184. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 129. Coming, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 380 (cap. xi. § 17). Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700, p. 332. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 386. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim, 1731, II. i. p. 485. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheccc metallicee, 1732, p. in. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- 634. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxvii. col. 276. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 474 ; iii. pp. 50, 260. Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 86 (cap. 3- §2). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1370 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung tind Erganz- itngen, 1816, v. col. 1849. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqitt de la Medecine, 1755, ii. p. 265 ; 1778, iii. p. 512. PERCIS—PERNETY 181 PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A). Philochemicis [Epistola]. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 214. Nova disquisitio de Helia Artista Theophasteo (sic) super metallorum trans- formatione. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 22O. See also ELIAS der Artist. See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). This is a reprint of the tract : Disquisitio de Matthias gives a succinct account of this book : Helia Artium, 1606, q.v. The preface by Helio- Anno 1606 Marpurgi prodiit personal! Heliophili philus a Percis docs not occur in the 1606 edition, a Percis nova disquisitio de Helia Artista Theo- nor is the Disqutsi&O assigned to him as it is here phrasteo, in qua de metallorurn transmutatione in the Thealntm. adversus Hagelii & Pererii Jesuitarum opiniones disseritur. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Georgius Matthioe, Conspectus Historic: Medi- 1637, p. 194. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 540. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 389. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, der Rosenkreuzer , 1786, i. pp. 45-46. 1731, II. i. p. 485. Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 491. PERFECTA Salis communis praeparatio ad lapidem philosophorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 250. PERLE (Eine) den Schweinen vorgeworfen. See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 277. PERNAUER (GEORG FERDINAND). Panacea Mirabilis, corrigendi potissimum vitiosi Sangvinis, seu Quinta Essentia Auri, Raras Virtutis. In usum verae Medicinae Chymicae Studiosorum, & Proximi emolumentum edita a Georgio Ferdinando Pernauero L: B: de Perney. Ratisbonae, Literis Dalnsteinerianis, An. 1679. 8°. Pp. [2] 25 [i blank]. Vignette with the motto : Fumus Albus Amplectitur Fumum Nigrum. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 326. (calls him ' Frid.' and gives the size of the book as Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 4°). 1731, II. i. p. 487. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen »u Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practicce, 1779, iii. . . . Jochers allgemcinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. p. 445- col. 1916. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 268 PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH). Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique, dans lequel on trouve les Allegories Fabu- leuses des Poetes, les Metaphores, les Enigmes et les Termes barbares des Philosophes Hermetiques explique's. Par Dom Antoine-Joseph Pernety, Religieux Benedictin de la Congregation de Saint-Maur. Sapiens animadvertet parabolam & interpretationem, verba sapientum, & aenigmata eorum. Prov. i. v. 6. A Paris, Quai des Augustins. Chez Bauche, Libraire, a Sainte Genevieve & a S. Jean dans le Desert. M.DCC.LVIII. Avec approbation et Privilege de Roi. 8°. Pp. [4] xx. 546. [Privilege 2, advertisements 4} 10*2 PERNETY PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH). Continued. Pernety was apparently a devoted student of the cabala and occult sciences. His principal treatise is entitled " Les Fables 6gyptiennes et grecques devoile'es," of which an edition in 2 vols., 8vo, appeared at Berlin in 1758, at Paris in 1758, and again in 1786 and 1795. In this work he tries to prove that the whole ancient mythology is merely a long sustained allegory of the preparation of the philosopher's stone. The ' Dictionnaire ' is permeated by the same idea, but in addition it professes to give explana- tions of all the curious words used by Paracelsus and other writers, and what is perhaps still more useful to the readers of Hermetic books, the ex- planation of the synonyms and common words used in a peculiar way found in these books. For example, under the word matiere there is a list of over five hundred words, all used to denote the first matter of philosophers. But after all one does not feel the difficulties of the Hermetic writers much diminished by the author's explanations. A second edition appeared in 1787. Pernety was born at Roanne, 13 Feb., 1716. He entered the order of the Benedictines of St. Maur, and availed himself of the opportunity for study which presented itself to him in the abbey of St. Germain-des-Pre's. In 1763 he went as chaplain with the expedition to the Falkland Islands under Bougainville, of which he afterwards published an account. On his return he tried to get the regula- tions of the order relaxed, but finding his efforts useless he left the order and accepted the invitation of Frederick the Great to become royal librarian at Berlin. Thie'bault has described how this invitation came about, and has added some other information about Pernety. In his youth Frederick had read ' Lettres sur les Physiognomies,' printed under the name of M. l'Abb6 Pernety, and he remembered both the book and the name. It was written, however, by a certain P. Bougeant, who, afraid lest his superior should send him again to the dreary Maison de la Fleche, as had been done to him for a little book which he wrote on the 'Language of Beasts,' gave the MS. to a young Abbd Pernety to be published by him under his own name, and both were to keep the secret. Frederick, finding a M. Pernety among the bankers sent him by Helvetius, asked him if he were related to the Abb6 Pernety, to which he replied in all good faith that he was his brother, the king thinking of the author of the Letters, and the banker of the author of the voyage to the Falkland Islands. Thereupon the king proposed to the brother to bring the Abbe1 to be his librarian, with the title of Academician and 1200 Reichsthaler salary. When the Abbe" arrived and the king took him for the author of the letters, nothing was talked about but physiognomy, and a discussion for and against the reality of it was arranged between Pernety on the affirmative side, and the king's secretary on the negative. The secretary lost Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, p. 598 (voy- age to the Falkland Islands). Nouveaux Mhnoires de V Acadtmie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres, Annee MDCCLXXXHI, Berlin, 1785, p. 10 (farewell address to the Academy when Pernety left Berlin). Journal des Savants, Octobre, 1786. Dieudonne' Thi6bault, Ales Souvenirs de Vingt Ans de Sejour d Berlin, Paris, An. xii. (1804), v. pp. 86-96. himself in metaphysics and the librarian in anatomy and morals, and they left the subject where it was without convincing each other, and the only result was an epigram on the two of them. M. le Catt, the secretary, who had no looks to boast of, was bound to cast doubt on it, and so M. de Horst, who was in the same position, maintained that the man had an excellent physiognomy, and when one insisted that it was false, perfidious and mean, replied : ' 1 tell you it is excellent, for it deceives nobody.' The Abbe\ on the other hand, was good-looking, and maintained the validity of the science, which had become a sort of creed in his family. It is curious, as Thie'bault remarks, that Bougeant by his original treatise should have imparted a taste for physiog- nomical observation to all the Abba's connections, for even the banker cultivated it. Pernety wrote a work about the Americans against M. l'Abb6 de Paw, who maintained that they were a degenerate race. It was tiresome, but the Abb6 de Paw could not reply to it. He was the author also of a long treatise, ' De la Connoissance de 1'homme moral par celle de 1'homme physique,' which 'caught on,' perhaps by virtue of its title. He translated also some of Swedenborg's works in whom for a time he was a thorough-going believer. In 1783 Pernety left Berlin and returned to France, and on this occasion he read a farewell address to the Berlin Academy. Trouble caused him by the Archbishop forced him to leave Paris and to live with his brother at Valence as manager of his farms, whence he retired to Avignon, where he formed a sort of sect, numbering in 1787 about a hundred members. When the revolution broke out he passed through it as quietly as he could, meddling with nothing, saying nothing, and keep- ing out of sight ; but for all that he passed some months in prison, keener than ever in the search for the philosopher's stone, and fully persuaded that he would live for centuries. 'I believe,' adds Thie'bault, ' that when he died of old age in this city in the year VIII. or IX. [1800-1801], he did not believe himself to be in any danger ; when he died, he did not think that he was doing more than falling asleep.' Thi6bault describes him as a man of very great but confused and undigested learning ; very amiable, never quarrelled, extremely agreeable in society, and never argued. But on the other hand he was credulous and easily persuaded ; he believed in the cabala, the philosopher's stone, fortune- telling, giants, witches, ghosts. In spite of his weaknesses, however, everybody liked him ; he was discretion itself, never uttered a word or gave cause for the smallest quarrel or even an explanation. In money matters he was said to be a little mean ; it would, probably, be more correct to say that he was careful and considerate. Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote : A dictionary of painting, sculpture and engraving, edited the 8th part of ' Gallia Christiana,' and wrote dissertations for the Berlin Academy. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. col. 1918-20. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei , 1844, Nos. 3810 (' Les Fables Egyptiennes '), 3811 (' Dic- tionnaire'), 3911, 3913. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothckcr, 1855, p. 668. Nouvelle Biographie Gi'tu'rale, 1865, xxxix. col. 619-21 (and the references). PERNETY—PETRAEUS 183 PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH). Continued, Ladrague, Bibliothegue Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 36. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 552 (' Les Fables Egyptiennes '), Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 963. 570 (' Dictionnaire '), 114, 115 (editions of Svveden- borg). PERVIGILIUM Veneris, ex editione Petri Pithoei, cum ejus & Justi Lipsii Notis ; Itemque ex alio codice antique, cum notis Cl. Salmasii et Pet. Scriverii. Accessit ad hsec Andr. Rivini Commentarius. Ausonii Cupido Cruci Adfixus, cum notis Mariang. Accursii, El. Vineti, Pet. Scriverii et Anonymi. Accessere ad calcem Jos. Scaligeri et Gasp. Barthii Animadver- siones. Hagse Comitum, Apud Henricum Scheurleer. MDCCXII. 8°. Pp. xvi. 208. Index [15] i blank. Title red and black. The Pervigilimn Veneris is not an alchemical poem, see Schweiger, Handbuch der Classiscken treatise on copper, though it seems to have got in Bibliographic, Leipzig, 1834, II. ii. p. 718, and here through that belief. Engelmann, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum, For the bibliography of this anonymous Latin 1882, ii. Abtheilung, Scriptores Latini, p. 47. PETERMANN (ANDREAS). D. Andrese Petermanni, Anatom. & Chirurg. Prof. Publ. & Practici Lipsiensis, Chimia, Opus posthumum editum a Filio D. Benj. Bened. Petermanno, Praefecturae Lipsiensis Physico. Lipsise Sumptibus Friderici Lanckisii, Anno 1708. 8°. Pp. [4] 130 [38]. Andreas Petermann, son of a clergyman, was 1688 he was made extraordinary professor of born at Werblin, near Danzig, 7 March, 1649. anatomy and surgery at Leipzig, and was pro- He was educated at Halle and Leipzig, and studied moted to the ordinary professorship in 1691. He arts and theology as well as medicine, and practised wrote numerous works, disputations and program- for a time at Gera. Then he graduated at Altorf mata on medicine ; he was an excellent obstetrician, in 1673, practised at Torgau and other places and and was the author of a treatise on the philo- then settled at Torgau, where he was of great sophy of Descartes. The above posthumous work assistance during the visitation of the plague in is all that was published on chemistry by him. 1680. He himself was attacked but recovered. In He died 5 (3) Augt., 1703. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, iii. col. 1420 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- p. 278. ungen, 1816, v. col. 1982. Ladra.gu.e,Bi6UotAeyueOuvarof, Sciences Secretes, Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1870, No. 1340. 1770, iv. p. 147. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 576. genden Aerate oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 500. 540. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 1028. 1778, iii. p. 518. PETIT ALBERT. See ALBERTUS PARVUS. PETIT (Le) Paysan. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). PETRA ALBA (CAROLUS A). See WITTESTEIN (KARL). PETRAEUS (BENEDIKT NIKOLAUS). See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, 1769. Critique iiber die Alchemistischen Schrifften. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. i. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th- »• P- 108. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 160. Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 584-85, 841. PETREUS—PETRUS ARLENSIS PETREUS (PETRUS PAULUS). Musaeum Travaginianum, seu Hermeticorum Medicamentorum quae in Clariss. Viri D. Francisci Travagini Musaeo elaborata reperiuntur, Elenchus, Vbi eorumdem Virtutes, Doses, Cautelse, & Vsus clare designantur, cura, & studio Petri Pauli Petrei Phil. & Med. Doct. Venetiis, MDCLXXIX. Apud lo: lacobum Hertz. Superiorum permissu, & Priuilegio. 12°. Pp. [36] 141 [3 blank]. 4 folding plates. The present work is quoted by Rotermund. Franciscus Travaginus was a mathematician and physicist of Ragusa, who lived about 1613, accord- ing to Jbcher. That date, however, seems too early, for the only tract, apparently, which he pub- lished was that on the earthquake which took place on the 6th April, 1667, and destroyed nearly the whole of Ragusa. Its title is : ' Francisci Trava- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 1295 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1816, v. col. 2036. gini super observation! bus a se factis tempore vltimorum TerrEemotuum, ac potissimum Ragusi- ani Physica Disquisitio, Seu Gyri Terras Diurni Indicium. Lugduni Batavorum M. DC.LXIX.,' 4°, pp. [n, i blank] 29 [3 blank]. Another edition : 'Juxta Exemplar Venetiis impressum, Anno M.DC.LXXIII.,1 4°, pp. [7] 17. The dedication is ' Datum Venetijs, Kal. April. 1669.' Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practice, 1779, '"• p. 447. PETRUS ARLENSIS DE SCUDALUPIS. D. Petrus Arlensis de Scudalupis enucleatus, oder kurtzer Auszug der Alchy- mistischen Processe und anderer Curiositaten, so dieser Autor, als Presbyter Hierosolymitanus, in seinem vormahls Anno 1610 zu Parifs gedruckten, anietzo aber sehr raren Tractat von der Sympathia der sieben Metallen, und sieben auserlesenen Steine, die sie mit denen sieben Planeten haben, heraus gegeben ; Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen ins Teutsche iibersetzt, und denen Liebhabern Natiirlicher und curioser Wissenschafften communiciret. Berlin, Bey Johann Andreas Riidiger, 1715. 8°. Pp. [8] 104. Sympathia. See LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS), l6lO. The work of Petrus Arlensis is said to have appeared first at Madrid and then at Rome. This, however, lacks confirmation, and Lessing doubts the existence of these editions. According to Schmieder the epithet ' Arlensis ' denotes that he was a native of Aries in Rou- sillon, Presbyter Hierosolymitanus, that he lived in the East, and his mention of Peru that he must have lived in the sixteenth century and not in the thirteenth. His book was a commentary on the Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 29 (under Arlensis). Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum, 1697, p. 46, No. Ixxviii. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. no. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 284. Arpe, De Prodigiosis Natures et Artis operibus, Talismanes et Amuleta dictis, 1717, pp. 122, 151. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 132. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 99 (T. J. lib. i. cap. xi. §n). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 103. Arab Balemis (?) who does not appear to be known before 1500. It was first printed in 1610 along with Camillus Leonardus, then in 1715, in German ; afterwards at Hamburg, 1717, ' P. Arlensis de S. redivivus ' by Hannemann, and at Augsburg. The preface of the 1715 edition contains an account of the opal which the writer endows with all the virtues of the other precious stones and which he praises for its beauty and its curative power. Vogt, Catalogus historico-criticus librorum rariorum, 1747, p. 54. Clement, Bibliotheque Curieuse historique et critique, 1751, ii. p. 113 (edition of Madrid, 1602, fol. tres-rare). Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 458 (' Matrit. 1602, fol. rarissimum est '). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 81. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, PP- 593. 655- Lessing, Kollektaneen zur Literatur, 1790, i. p. 86 ; ii. p. 212. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 299. Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichetnie, 1832, p. 276. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 364. PETRUS BONUS— PETTUS '85 PETRUS BONUS. See BONUS (PETRUS). Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensee, 1617, p. 381. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, iv. col. 691. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 124. PETRUS DE SILENTO. F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387. Vom metallischen Kunststiicke der Weisen, ubersetzt und mit Anmerkungen begleitet von J. . . . See SCHRODER (FR. J. WIL.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1774, II. ii. p. 131. Opus. See THEATRUM CHEM1CUM, 1659, iv. This person is called Petrus de Silento, or Silen- tinus, or Petrus de Zalento. From the fact that Petrus quotes only Geber, Aristoteles, Morienus, and no authority more recent than the ' Vision ' of Arisleus, or ' Turba Philosophorum,' Schmieder is of opinion that he flourished about 1 160-80. But, not to speak of Hermes, to whom he frequently refers — in fact the tract is more of a lengthy paraphrase of the Smar- agdine Table than anything else — he mentions also Albertus. Now if it be Albertus Magnus he means, he must have lived at least a century later. Nazari, Delia Tramulatione Metallica Sogni tre. ^99, p. 141. Maier, Symbola Aurea Menste, 1617, p. 382. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 212. PETRUS TOLETANUS. See ROSARIUM PHILOSOPHORUM. Petrus Villanovanus, said to be a brother of Arnoldus of the same name, lived at Toledo and was therefore called Toletanus. He is said to be the author of the oldest tract entitled ' Rosarium Philosophorum ' which was printed so often and circulated even to a recent Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 332. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 64. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 146. PETRUS DE ZALENTO. See PETRUS DE SILENTO. p. 985. Petrus himself is not quite accurate, for he gives Morienus the credit of the statement : Festinatio est ex parte diaboli, which really belongs to Geber. Schmieder says correctly that a number of Arabic words occur in this tract. The ' Septem ^Enigmata ' may have been by him. Nazari ascribes to him 'Epistola de Occulta Philosophia,' and also mentions ' Petri Silentii, in Arte alchimica tractatus,' who seems to be the same person. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 907. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 127. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, " Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1010, ion. date in manuscript. Later tracts of a similar name, ' Rosarius major ' and ' Rosarius minor ' are also extant. The earliest one was published at Frank- furt in 1550, and an abstract in Balbian's collection in 1599. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 411 ; 1866, i. p. 435. P. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Natvrelles au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 376. PETTUS (JOHN). Fleta Minor. The Laws of Art and Nature, in Knowing, Judging, Assaying, Fining, Refining and Inlarging the Bodies of confin'd Metals. In Two Parts. The First contains Assays of Lazarus Erckern, Chief Prover (or Assay-Master General of the Empire of Germany) in v. Books : originally written by him in the Teutonick Language, and now translated into English. The Second contains Essays on Metallick Words, as a Dictionary to many pleasing Discourses. By Sir John Pettus, of Suffolk, Kt. Of the Society for the Mines Royal. Illustrated with 44 Sculptures. Mai. 3. 3. Numb. 31. 31. Jehovah Chimista Supremus. Carolus, D. G. Secundus. 1 86 PE TTUS—PFEFFER PETTUS QOHN). Continued. London, Printed for and sold by Stephen Bateman at the Sign of the Bible over against Furnivals-Inn Gate in Holbourn. MDCLXXXVI. Folio. Pp. [44] 345 [i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait (separate) and 41 plates in the text. Fleta Minor, Spagyrick Laws, The Second Part. Containing Essays on Metallick Words : Alphabetically composed, as a Dictionary to Lazarus Erckern. Illustrated with two Sculptures. By Sir John Pettus, of Suffolk, Knight. Scire tuum nihil est, Nisi te scire, hoc sciet alter. London, Printed, for the Author, by Thomas Dawks, his Majesty's British Printer, at the West-end of Thames-street. 1683. Folio. Pp. [8] [1-80] 81-133 [i blank]. 2 engravings. Pettus was born in the year 1613. He entered the service of Charles I. in 1639 and was knighted 25 Nov., 1641. He was taken prisoner by Crom- well at Lowestoft, and kept a prisoner in Windsor Castle for fourteen months. In 1645 at the siege of Bristol his life was saved by Colonel Charles Fleetwood, but afterwards he was put on his trial for four charges, two of which he answered com- pletely, while the other two apparently never came to a hearing. As he was disposed favourably to- wards the crown he exerted himself to save the life of Charles I. and subsequently furnished money to Charles II. Notwithstanding, he lived apparently on good terms with Cromwell, and was appointed deputy governor of the royal mines. In 1670 he was returned to Parliament and in 1672 was deputy lieutenant of Suffolk and rendered good service during the war with Holland. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectz metallic^, 1732, p. in. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic ffermMque, 1742, iii. p. 260. Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1815, ii. col. 402, (a political book). Rotermund, Fortsetsung und Erganzungen zu . . . Jo'chers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v. col. 2iii (quotes Fleta Minor, 1683, fol. ; Fodinse regales, 1670, 4° ; Volatiles, 1666, 8°). By his expenditure on behalf of the crown he became much impoverished, and seemed latterly to be in absolute want. He died in 1690. Under Ercker, reference has already been made to this translation of Ercker's book. He also wrote : ' Fodinae Regales, or the History, Laws and Places of the Chief Mines and Mineral Works in England, Wales, and the English Pale in Ireland. . . . London . . ., 1670,' sm. fol. pp. [20, including a fine portrait by Sherwin of Pettus, aged 57, and two plans of mines] 108 [7, i blank] ; ' Volatiles from the History of Adam and Eve : containing many unquestioned Truths and allowable Notions of several Natures. London, 1674,' 8°, pp. [8] 188 [2], which is a running commentary on the narrative of the creation and fall as told in Genesis ; some historical and political works, and he left a number of manuscripts. Granger, A Biographical History of England, 1824, v. p. 289. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. 7$ic. Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 34. Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1573. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p. in, and references (article by W. A. S. Hewins). PEZELIUS (MICHAEL). Opus singulare ... ex Theophrasto Redivivo M. Pezelij. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, vi. 1 66 1, p. 518. Ein sonderbar Werck ... ex Theophrasto redivivo. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum. 1624, p. 224. Epilogus Orthelii, PFEFFER (ERICUS), Itzehoensis Holsatus. See AMOR PROXIMI. Ericus Pfeffer is one of the authors mentioned by Crusius (see his list inserted in Abraham Eleazar's Uraltes Chymisches Werk, Erfurt, ist edit., 1735), manuscripts by whom he had the intention of print- ing. The entry is : Erici Pfefferi, Itzenhohensis Holsati Secretum denutatum (sic) Philosophies Occultae. Pfeffer, however, is said to have left eighty manuscripts behind him. To what is stated in the note to AMOR PROXIMI, the following may be added. It is from the Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst that information is obtained on this subject: 'Pfeffer lived on the " Neglandirs Kraft" in Amsterdam, and left eighty works behind him, which consist of mere trash. Out of them, how- ever, capital was afterwards made by Ernestus Aurelius Reger. He compiled from them "Amor proximi" and " Noscete ipsum physico-medicum."' Semler, however, who quotes these statements, defends Reger from the insinuations against him, and considers him as not a cheat, but an adept. For details of his manuscripts, Schmieder refers to a book which I have not seen : Griindlicher Bericht PFEFFER—PH&DRO 187 PFEFFER (ERicus). Continued. auf einige Fragcn, nebst einem Catalogo vieler Besides the ' Occulta Philosophia ' already men - raren und sonderlichen Manuscripten des neulichen tioned, he is credited by Arnold with the authorship Philosopher E. P. I. H., Hamburg, 1683, 8°. of the following works: Hydrolithus Sophicus Schmieder considers that his retired manner of ('The Waterstone of the Wise men'), Coelum living and devotion to experimental alchemy tended Sapientum, and Liber Clavis Artis. to confirm the general opinion that he was an adept. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 119. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 117. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 419. p. 429. In the note under AMOK PROXIMI for Kirchen Beytrag zur Geschichle der hohern Chemie, 1785, und Ketzer Geschichte should be substituted p. 534, p. 670. Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien. PFLUGK (CHRISTOPH). Lapis Philosophorum Non Ens, oder : Kurtzer Vorbericht dafs der Stein der Weisen nie gewesen, noch nicht ist, aus Gottlieb- und menschlicher Weifs heit zum Nachdencken vorgestellet von Christoph Pflugk, Seelsorger in in Vielau. Auf Kosten des Autoris, und in Schneeberg zu finden bey Carl Wilh. Fulden, 1732, 8°. Pp. [10] 84. Rotermund, who quotes this book, calls the interesting discussion, with a criticism of the tradi- author 'Christian,' which is a mistake. It is an tions, beliefs, and literature of the time. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, ii. p. 108 (quotes Rotermund, Forlsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu the present svork and devotes two and a half pages . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, to a violent attack upon the author). vi. col. 30. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 543. PFORTE zu dem Chymischen Kleinod. See R. (i. M.), 1728. PH^EDRO (GEORG). Vom Stein der Weisen. See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 393. Rare Chymische-Medicinische Arcana und Geheimniisse. See TENTZEL (ANDREAS), Chymisch-Spagyrische Artzney-Kunst, 1736. Corollarium de Hermaphrodito : et Lapide Philosophorum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 804. Chymischer Tractat vom Stein der Weisen. See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773, P- '41- Phaedro's ' Medico-Chymicall Practise ' appeared In the British Museum there is Phaedro's in English with the following title: The Art of 'Physical and Chemical Works,' London, 1654, Chymistry, written in Latin by George Phaedro. 8°, but I do not know if this be the same as the And done into English by Nicholas Culpepper above or not. student in Physick and Astrology. The Third Kopp quotes : Aquila Coelestis, Basil., 1575, but Edition. London, printed for Simon Neale at the I have not seen it. Sign of the three Pidgeons in Bedford Street in Rotermund mentions Magnus Georg de Geleinen Covent Garden, 1674. Small 8°, pp. [16] 133 Phaedron, physician and chemist of Gellcnhausen [i blank], with a portrait of Culpepper prefixed. in Franconia, who wrote : I have seen two copies of this edition, or rather of Liber de Balneis Puteolanis, Basil., 1571, 8°. this issue, for the quoted title page seems to be a Chirurgia minor, Ibid. 1562, 4°. cancel. I do not know the date of the first issue Praxis medico-chymica (in his Opera), of the book. It is a collection of receipts or pre- Eleenus s. perfecta epilepsiae curatio— in Alex, a scriptions for the treatment of diseases, but pp. 79- Suchten, Libellus de Antimonio, Basil., 1575, 8°. 128 contain the methods of preparing certain Praxis latrochemica, Francof., 1611, 8°. chemical compounds. Opuscula latrochemica quatuor, ed. J. A. 1 88 PH&DRO—PHARMA COPOEA PH^EDRO (GEORG). Continued. Schenck of Graffenberg, Frankfurt, 1610 (1611), 8°. Opuscula, inter quae Chirurgia minor, Basil., 1562, 4° ; Francof., 1621, 8°. The author himself speaks of two works, ' De Podagra ' and ' De Medicina Sophistica,' but I do not know if they have been published. Gesner, who calls him Georgius Phaedro Rodo- cheus, quotes the following besides the ' Chirurgia Minor' : Halopyrgicas siue latrochemica pestis epidemicae curatio ; Chirurgia cum libris Theo- phrasti de Spiritibus Planetarum, 1571, 4°. As a supporter of Paracelsus and advocate of his views, he was attacked by contemporaries and Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Frisius, 1583, p. 274. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 175- Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 185. 'N[erc\i\m,Lindeniusrenovatus, 1686, pp. 334,591. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 498. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 56, 261. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 123 (under Rodocher). Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 342. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 215 ( ' Paracelsicus homo, ob pessimum testimonium C. Gesneri mihi notus '). in special by Bernardus Dessenius Cronenburgius (q.v.}, who wrote in defence of the old medical system. In reply to these attacks (he mentions Cronenburger by name on sig. Biii recto} he wrote the following vindication of himself, in which he gives an account of certain cures which he per- formed in the Netherlands : Verantwortung, Ge. Fedronis von Rhodoch, Auff etlich vnglimpff der Sophistischen Artzten vnd seiner Mifsgiinner, darundter viel gewaltige geheimnufs, zu gemeinem nutz der wahrhafftigen Medicin offenbart werden. Virescit vulnere Virtus. Anno M.D.LXVI. Small 4°, ff. [17, i blank]. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 265. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 108, 181. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 40. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykitnde, 1827, iii. p. 510. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 280. Li&d.ra.gVie.,Bibliothcque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 687-88, 1640. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 381. PHARMACOPOEIA Augustana Auspicio Amplissimi Senatus Cura Octava Collegii Medici Recognita Hippocratica et Hermetica Mantissa Locupletata Recusa. Augusta. Anno M DC XLVI. Folio. Pp. [10] 26, 351 [i blank] ; [30], Engraved title with emblems— portraits of Hippocrates and Hermes, and a plan of " Augusta." Cut close at the bottom, and most of the date cut off. Taxa, pp. [2] 56. PHARMACOPOEA Austriaco-Castrensis. Ticini. Apud Haered. Petri Galeatii. 1795. 8°. Pp. 96. 10 MS. tables added of the price of drugs (Tassa del 1795). PHARMACOPCEA Austriaco-Provincialis Emendata nunc primum Notis uber- rimis locupletata Venetiis 1798. Typis Sebastiani Valle. 8°. Pp. xvi. 168. Billings (Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 9) quotes an edition : Viennae, 1774, 12°. PHARMACOPCEA BREMENSIS. See VOLPI (THOMAS), 1793. PHARMACOPOEA Helvetica, in duas partes divisa, quarum Prior Materiam Medicam, Botanico- Physico- Historico-Medice descriptam, Posterior Com- posita & Prseparata, Modum Prseparandi, Vires & Usum exhibet. Scitu & Consensu Gratiosi Collegii Medici Basileensis digesta. Prsefatus est Albertus de Haller, Dominus in Goumoens Le Jux, et Feudi in Eclagnens. Prseses Societatis Reg. Scient. Goetting. Sodalis Acadd. Reg. Scient. Paris. Reg. Chir. Gall. Imper. Berolin. Suecic. Bononiens. Arcad. Bavar. Societ. PHARMACOPOEA 189 PHARMACOPOEA Helvetica. Continued. Scient. Britann. Upsal. Bot. Flor. Batavic. Physico-Medic?e Basil. Oeconom. Bernens. In Senatu Supremo Bernensi Ducentumvir. Accedunt Syllabus Medicamentorum, in classes divisus, et duo Indices Necessarii, primus Morborum & Curationum, alter trilinguis, I^at. Germ. Gall. Basileae, Sumptibus & Literis Job. Rod. Im-hof & Filii. 1771. Folio. Pp. 13 [i blank] 28, 212, 384, 54. Engraved frontispiece. Title red and black. PHARMACOPEE du College Royal des Medecins de Londres, Traduite de 1'Anglois sur la seconde Edition donnee avec des Remarques, par le Docteur H. Pemberton, Professeur en Me'decine au College de Gresham : Augmentee de plusieurs Notes & Observations, & d'un grand nombre de Precedes interessans, avec les Vertus & les Doses des Mddicamens. Premiere Partie. A Paris, Chez Jean-Thomas Herissant, rue Saint-Jacques a S. Paul & a S. Hilaire. M.DCC.LXI. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roi. 4°. Pp. [2] xvj, cxlviij [there is an extra leaf in signature r, *rij, pp. *cxxix-*cxxx] ; 415 [i blank, 4]. Tome second. A Paris, Chez P. Fr. Didot jeune, Libraire, Quai des Augustins. M.DCC.LXXI. Avec Approbation, et Privilege du Roi. Over the imprint is pasted a slip of paper with the words: Chez P. The'ophile Barrois le jeune, rue du Hurepoix, pres le Pont Saint-Michel. 4°. Pp. [4] 781 [5l See the note under PEMBERTON (H.). PHARMACOPOEA Lugdunensis Reformata. Mandato & cura Inclyti Collegij Medicorum Lugdunensium. Lugduni Gallorum. M.DC.LXXIV. Ejusdem Collegii sumptibus excusa. Typis lacobi Faeton. Cum Superiorum Permissu. 4°. Pp. [12] 246 [8] [2 blank]. Billings (Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. n) quotes an edition : Lugduni, 1628, small 4°. PHARMACOPCEA PARISIENSIS. See CODEX MEDICAMENTARIUS. PHARMACOPOEIA Pauperum, in usum Nosocomii Regii Edinburgensis. Francof. et Lipsiae, In Officina Pleischeriana MDCCLX. 8°. Pp.' iv, 76. Vignette of the seal of the ' Nosocomium Regiuin.' PHARMACOPOEA Rossica. Opus plane novum. Petropoli, 1803. J. Z. Logano Commissum. 8°. Pp. [6] 1-164, 173-286. Billings (index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 15) quotes editions of 1782, 12° ; 1798, 8° ; 1821, 8°. PHARMACOPOEA Suecica. Cum Gratia & Privilegio S:ae R:ae Maj:tis. Holmise, M DCC LXXV. Typis Henr. Fougt, Eq. Ord. Wasae, Typogr. Reg. 8°. Pp. [10] 237 [3], This is apparently the first edition. The second was issued in 1779 and repeatedly afterwards. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 16. 1 90 PHA RMA COPCEA —PHIL ALE THA PHARMACOPCEA Taurinensis nunc primum edita Jussu Augustissimi Regis. Augustas Taurinorum. M.DCCXXXVI. In JEdibus Academicis, apud Joannem-Baptistam Chais Typographum Regium. 4°. Pp. [8] 246 [15, i blank]. Two folding plates. PHARMACOPOEA Wirceburgensis. See WILHELM (FRANC. HEINR. M.). PHARMACOPOEA Wirtenbergica in duas partes divisa quarum Prior Materiam Medicam Historico-Physico-Medice descriptam Posterior Composita et Praeparata Modum Praeparandi et Encheireses exhibet. Jussu Serenissimi Domini Ducis adornata et Pharmacopoeis Wirtenbergicis in normam praescripta. Accedunt Syllabus Medicamentorum Compositorum in Classes divisus et Indices Necessarii. Editio Nova revisa aucta et emendata. Cum Gratia & Privilegiis Sacr. Caes. Maj. Seren. Elect. Saxon, nee non Seren. Ducis Wirtenberg. Stutgardiae Sumtibus loannis Christophori Erhardi Bibliopole. Anno MDCCLXXI. Folio. Pp. [24] 156 ; [2] 252 [60]. Engraved frontispiece. Title red and black. Syllabus Medicamentorum compositorum in Pharmacopoea Wirtenbergica comprehensorum, pp. 48. PHARUS Chymiae, Oder hell-leuchtender Wegweiser zur chymischen Wissen- schafft, welcher in dem ersten Theile von der Moglichkeit einer zu bereiten- den Universal-Medicin handelt: Und in dem zweyten Theile die dunckeln, fabulosen und allegorischen Redens-Arten der Philosophen nebst der Zubereitung soldier Medicin selbst klar und deutlich anzeiget. Auf vieler Kunst-Liebenden Verlangen zum Druck gegeben von einem In Chymicis Experimentis Cooperante. Regensburg, Gedruckt und zu finden bey Emanuel Adam Weifs. 1752. 8°. Pp. [6] 120. Title red and black. The person who wrote this tract and who says 1742 (q.v. ). I have no information about the that is by one ' In Chyrnicis Experimentis Cooper- author. The present work is quoted by Ladrague. ante' had possibly as the initials of his name the It is not to be confused with Hanneman's ' Pharus letters I. C. E. C. He wrote another book en- ad Ophir Auriferum.' It is quite up to date, and titled : ' Unvorgreiffliches Gutachten von der Mog- mentions -rb \oyi P- 83- Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum Ccelestem. See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. 51. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 686. See MUSEUM Hermeticum, 1749, p. 775. Eine kurze Anleitung zu dem himmlischen Rubin von dem Stein der Weisen und seinen Geheimniissen. See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philaletha: und anderer auserlesene Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 254 ; 1749, P- 254- See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 80. Enarratio Methodica Trium Gebri Medicinarum, in quibus continetur Lapidis Philosophici Vera Confectio. Autore Anonymo sub nomine ^Eyrengei Philalethes, natu Angli, habitatione Cosmopolit.se. Amstelodami, Apud Danielem Elsevirium. clo IDCLXXVIII. 8°. Pp. 222 [2]. P. 189 : Vade-Mecum Philosophicum sive Breve Manuductorium ad Campum Sophine . . . Auctqre Agricola Rhomaeo, horum Arcanorum vere adepto. Fons chemicae Philosophiae. See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. 88. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 693. Fons chymicae Veritatis. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 799. 192 PHILALETHA PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS). Continued. De Metallorum Metamorphosi. See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. i. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 676. See MUS/EUM HKRMETICUM, 1749, p. 745. Von Verwandlung der Metalle. See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 189 ; 1749, P- l%9- See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii- P- ?8. There is an English version of this tract con- ' A short Manuduction to the Ccelestial Ruby ' and tained in : Three Tracts of the Great Medecine of 'The Fountain of Chymical Philosophy,' the whole the Philosophers, by Eirenoeus Philalethes, Cosmo- corresponding to Birrius' collection, polita, London, 1694. The other two tracts are Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium ; Autore Anonymo Philaletha Philosopho. In gratiam Artis Chymicse Filiorum mine primum publicatus, Curante Joanne Langio. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge & Viduam ac Haeredes Elizei Weyerstraet. 1667. 8°. Pp. [16] 79 [i blank]. On the title-page the sphere. This is usually regarded as the first edition. note to the reader he states distinctly that the Cooper, however, in his epistle to the English English edition is from the original and is not a edition, says that he had seen the treatise in MS. retranslation of Langius' version, long before Langius had translated it, and in a Introitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, Das ist : Offenstehender Eingang zu dem vormals verschlossenen Koniglichen Pallast. See CARDILUCIUS (JOHANN HISKIAS), Magnalia Medico-Chymica, 1676, p. 297. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 661. See MUSJEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 647. Secrets Reveal'd : or, an Open Entrance to the Shut-Palace of the King : Containing, the greatest Treasure in Chymistry, Never yet so plainly Discovered. Composed by a most famous English-man, styling himself Anonymus, or Eyraeneus Philaletha Cosmopolita : who, by Inspiration and Reading, attained to the Philosophers Stone at his Age of Twenty three Years, Anno Domini, 1645. Published for the Benefit of all English-men, by W. C., Esq; a true Lover of Art and Nature. London, Printed by W. Godbid for William Cooper in Little St. Bartholomews, near Little- Britain, 1669. 8°. Pp. [2 blank] [13, i blank, 16], 120 [6, 2 blank]. Eroffneter Eingang zu defs Konigs verschlossenem Pallaste. See LANGE (JOHANN), Chymisches Zweyblatt, 1674, p. 9. See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 9 ; 1749, p. 9. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, i»- P- 73- Traite" de 1'entr^e ouverte du palais ferm£ du roi. See LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS), Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, ii. p. 121. In Latin and French. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. i. PHILALETHA 193 PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS). Continued. Explication de ce traite". See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 121. Experiences sur Poperation du mercure philosophique. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 138. Principes, pour la Conduite de 1'Oeuvre hermetique. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 174. Philaletha Illustratus, sive Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium . . . explanatus. See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAEL), 1706. Ripley Reviv'd : or, an Exposition upon Sir George Ripley's Hermetico- Poetical Works. Containing the plainest and most excellent Discoveries of the most hidden Secrets of the Ancient Philosophers, that were ever yet Published. Written by Eirenaeus Philalethes an Englishman, stiling himself Citizen of the World. London, Printed by Tho. Ratcliff and Nat. Thompson, for William Cooper at the Pelican in Little-Britain. 1678. 8°. Pp. [i6][2]47 [i, 2 blank]; [2] 389 [3]; [2] 10 [2 blank]; [2] 28 [a]; [4] 25 [3] ; [3, i blank]. Engraved title included in the pagination. W. Cooper was the editor of this book and con- exposition upon Ripley's First six Gates of the tributed a couple of introductions and an advertise- Compound of Alchymie ; Experiments for the pre- ment in which he mentions Starkey's connection paration of the Sophick Mercury ; A Breviary of with Philaletha and gives a list of Philaletha's Alchemy ; An exposition upon Ripley's vision, writings. At the end Cooper has added in Latin : Porta The works contained in this volume are : An Prima. De Calcinatione Philosophica ; a chapter exposition upon Ripley's Epistle to King Edward belonging to Philaletha's Fans Chymicce Philosophic, IV. ; an exposition upon Ripley's Preface ; an which has been omitted by Birrius. Cyrenaei Philalethse Erklarung uber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten des beriihmten Englischen Philosophi Georgii Riplaei, sampt Eugenii Philalethas Euphrates, oder die Wasser von Auffgang, welches ist ein kurtzer Bericht von den geheimen Brunnen, dessen Wasser aus dem Feuer quillet, und bey sich die Strahlen der Sonnen und des Mondes fiihret, aufs dem Englischen in die Hoch-Teutsche Sprache iibersetzet durch J. L. M. C. Stockholm und Hamburg, Bey Gottfried Liebezeit Buchhandl. Im Jahr An. 1689. 8°. Pp. 384 [13, 3 blank]. Cyrenoeus seems to be merely a misprint for In the present work pp. 3-98 contain Lange's Eyrenaeus. The tract Euphrates by Eugenius translation of the Exposition on Ripley's Preface, Philalethes mentioned in the title is not contained and pp. 99 to the end the Exposition on Ripley's Six in this copy. It is to be observed that Johann Gates. Lange evidently discriminates between the two authors. Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplsei. See PHILALETHA (iRENJEUS PHILOPONUS), Kern der Alchymie, 1685 Explication de la lettre de George Riple'e a Edouard IV See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 148. Epistola contra Philaletham. See HERTODT VON TODTENFELDT (JOHANN FERDINAND). II. N 194 PHILALETHA PHILALETHA (EIRENAEUS). Continued. All that is known about this author is that he wrote the Introitus in 1645, when he was 23 years old, having, at that early age, become an adept. But not only is his name not exactly known, but great doubt exists as to his identity. With a very large number of writers, they can hardly be called authorities, he is jumbled up with Eugenius Phila- lethes (g.v.), that is, Thomas Vaughan. By others his works are assigned to George Starkey (see British Museum Catalogue). In Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196, he is called Child, or Zheil, which appears to be merely a phonetic corruption, whereas Bacstrom says distinctly that his name was Winthorp and that he was Starkey's patron. With the ascription of the book to Child may be compared what Starkey says in the dedica- tion to Boyle of his Pyrotechny, that he was intro- duced to him by their " mutual friend, Dr. Robert Child." Kopp is not quite sure as to his identity with Vaughan. The greatest confusion of all is made in the Hermetisches A. B.C., vol. iii. All the works, both of Eirenaeus Philaletha and Eugenius Phila- lethes, except Aula Lucis, are there ascribed to a person whose name is given as Henry Vanghan (sic) which is doubly wrong. The name of Eirenasus Philaletha is not mentioned at all ! The Aula Lucis is assigned to Thomas Vanghan Morhof, De Metallorum Trans mutalione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 143. William Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 1675, Part i. signs. Q 4 verso, Ri recto; Part ii. signs. C 4 verso — Di verso. Mercklin, Lindenins renovatus, 1686, pp. 108 (Ayreraeus (sic) Philalethes, author of the 'Enarratio Methodica '), 1060 (Philaletha, author of the ' In- troitus, &c.). Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum, 1697, p. 38 (Philaletha, ' candidus, ingenueque disertus scriptor '). Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, Hamburg, 1702, p. 118 (first con- fuses Philaletha with Thomas Vaughan, and then condemns him). Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 499. (Manget, following Mercklin, makes a distinction between Philaletha, author of the ' Introitus,' &c.f and Ayreraeus (sic) Philalethes, author of the ' Enarratio methodica. ') Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca met allies, 1732, p. in. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 402-10 ; reprint in Tome ii. iii. pp. 48, 73, 74, 261-266. Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, ii. pp. 111-114 (Philaletha is very severely handled and is called the " most horrible lying spirit and sophist that was ever heard of or read about.") Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 88 (assigns (sic), brother of the aforesaid Henry. Henry Vaughan, who is presumably meant, has nothing to do with these writings. Schmieder knows nothing about the facts and talks a lot of nonsense, as he usually does under such circumstances. Waite confused Thomas Vaughan with Eirenaeus Philaletha, but afterwards in his edition of the Lives of the Adepts, London, 1888, p. 187, he altered his opinions, having apparently had his attention directed to Wood's Athena: by a writer in the Saturday Review. Will. Cooper, however, is quite clear on the subject. In his Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 1675, Part I., he distinguishes between Eugenius Phila- lethes, author of Anthroposophia Theomagica, etc., and Eir. Phil. Philalethes 'alias George Starkie,' and in Part II. between 'Eugenius Philalethes alias Thomas Vaughan,' Eir. Philalethes Cosmopolita, author of Secrets reveal 'd, and Eir. Phil. Philalethes author of the Marrow of Alchemy. As Cooper was a contemporary and seems to have known something personally of Starkey at least, perhaps the best course to pursue may be to accept what he says as the nearest approximation to the actual facts. The author otthtBtyfnyis in helpless confusion. all the tracts to Eugenius Philaletha, or Thomas de Vaughan, along with ' Lumen de Lumine '). Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr als hunderf wahrhaften Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, pp. 172, 287. Beytrag ztir Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 530, 621-2, 626, 630, 638. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. Vorrede ; iv. pp. 49, 53. (Absolute confusion about Childe, Philaletha, and Thomas de Vagan.) Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 199 (Cyrenaeus Philaletha said to be D. Childe ; Ripley's Six Gates). Lives of the Adepts, 1815, p. 88; 1888, p. 187. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 389, 601. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 207. Figuier, L'Alchimieet les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 276-286. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Onvctroff, Moscou, 1870, Nos. 1155-73, 1717-18 (mixes them all up). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 200 ; ii. pp. 87, 179, 336. 34L 347- 362, 391. Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, London, 1887, p. 308. Saturday Review, for Oct. 22, 1887, vol. Ixiv. p. 567- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 84 (Phila- lethes Cosmopolita Eirenaeus : Ripley reviv'd ; Enarratio methodica trium Gebri medicinarum. Three tracts of the great medicine of philosophers). PHILALETHA (!REN>EUS PHILOPONUS). Kern der Alchymie, das ist Ein durch Erfahrung bewahrter Tractat welcher eroffnet das geheime und hochverborgene Geheimniifs des Elixirs der Weisen, abgetheilet in zwey Theil worvon der erste fiirnehmlich die Theoriam der ander aber die Practicam der Kunst erklaret, in welchen die Kunst so deutlich eroffnet ist, als noch niemahls geschehen, zu Nutz und Dienst der jungen anfahenden Arbeiter, und zur Uberweisung derer, welche in dem Labyrinth PHILALETHA—PHILALETHES 195 PHILALETHA (!REN;EUS PHILOPONUS). Continued. der Irrthtimer verwirret sind. Geschrieben durch Irenap.um Philoponum Philaletham. Aus dem Englischen iibersetzt von Johann Langen. Leipzig, Verlegts Valentin Adler, 1685. 8°. Pp. [16] 206 (a misprint for 205) [i blank]. Anonymi Philalethae Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplaei, Aus dem Englischen ins Teutsche ubersetzt von Johann Langen. Leipzig, Verlegts Valentin Adler, 1685. Pp. 62 [2 blank]. The first part is a translation of ' The Marrow The Commentary on George Ripley's Epistle is of Alchemy, by George Starkey, 1654, reprinted by Eirenaeus Philaletha. in A TRUE LIGHT of Alchymy, 1709, ( 8l7, 839. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mide- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 724. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic M^dicale, 1855, ii. P- 255- Poggendorff, Biographisch-Uterarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 468. Nouvelle Biographic GtSnlrale, 1866, xl. col. 420. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 680. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 587. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1888, xxvi. p. 262 (article by Hirsch). Dictionnaire Encyclopfdiqiie des Sciences Afe'di- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1888, xxvi. p. i. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 356. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce inetallicce, 1732, p. 112. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1624; R.otermund.'sf'or/setzungund'JErffdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 367 (list of 32 dissertations, programmata, etc.). Eloy, Dictionnaire historiqite de la Me'decine, 1755, ii. p. 289 j 1778, iii. p. 585. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirur- %ie, 1770, v. p. 23. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild- nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 106. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 65. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 101. J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam Medicince Litterarium, 1786, p. 366 ('Vir elegan- tissime doctus'). Job. Aug. Ernesti, Denkmaler und Lobschriften auf verdienstvolle Manner, Leipzig, 1792, pp. 162- 180. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar- geschichtt der Medicin, 1792, p. 389, § 302. Der Biograph, Halle, 1807, vi. pp. 59-76 (a good biographical sketch). PLATO. Libri Quartorum, seu Stellici, cum commento Hebuhabeo Hamed, explicata ab Hestole. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, v. p. ioi. See also p. 801. See ANNULUS Platonis. See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). Maier assures us that ' Plato chymicus ' is neither Latin nor Greek, but Arabian, and he quotes various dicta by him, and references to him, as in the Rosarius major, and by Calid and others. A person of this name was known to Stephanus Alexandrinus (Pizimenti, Democrilus, 1573, f. 59 recto). The name of Plato, as Kopp correctly observes, occurs in the book by Albertus Magnus De Mincr- alibus et rebus metallicis (Lib. i. c. 4 ; Lib. ii. c. 2 ; ed. 1541 with Lullius De secretis nature?, f. 66 Michael Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 218. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 56. PLATT (HUGH). Remedies against Famine. See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. Sir Hugh Platt was born in 1552, matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, 12 Nov., 1568, and took the degree of B.A. in 1571-2, after which he became a member of Lincoln's Inn and published a volume of apophthegms and poetry. He did not pursue literature, however, but turned to natural science and practical invention and agriculture, making many experiments and becoming famous, as Harte points out, for the number of fertilizing agents which he introduced. The agricultural and horticultural experiments were carried on at Bishop's Hall, Bethnal Green, and at St. Martin's Lane. In 1594 he published an account of his inventions in 'The Jewell House of Art and Nature, ' and in other tracts, and his receipts in domestic economy were collected in his little volume : ' Delights for Ladies," first published by Peter Short in 1602, 12°. recto, f. 87 verso), but it seems to me that it is the philosopher to whom reference is made and not to an alchemist of the same name. Schmieder is of opinion that the present writer cannot possibly be confused with the Greek ; but at the same time he does not doubt that Plato is the author's own name, and not a pseudonym. Kopp, on the other hand, seems disposed to think that it was the philosopher himself that was enrolled among the alchemists and that writings on alchemy were ascribed to him. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 120. Kopp, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, Stuck ii. p. 358. 153- Of this book there were numerous editions, to which I have referred elsewhere. He received the honour of knighthood from King James I. at Greenwich on May 22, 1605. In 1608 appeared his work on gardening en- titled ' Floraes Paradise,' dated from Bethnal Green, and in it he describes wine made from grapes grown there. This book appeared after- wards under the title : ' The Garden of Eden, ' and passed through several editions. Rotermund quotes two dated 1671, 1675, respec- tively. It was reviewed in the Philosophical Trans- actions, and Horace Walpole alludes to its obscurity, for the author, he says, had ' concealed his principal secret in a figurative description ... so that you might as soon understand a book of alchemy as Sir Hugh's treatise, at least his secret.' PL A TT—PLA TTES 207 PLATT (HUGH). Continued. In the British Museum are preserved various manuscripts by Platt on chemical, alchemical, and medical subjects, a list of which is given by Cooper. In 161 1 was published his ' Closet for Ladies and Gentlemen on the art of Preseruing, Conseruing and Candying,' which was a reissue of the first part of the ' Delights for Ladies. ' Cooper reports the statement that he died in 1605, and was buried at Hornsey, but he seems to have been alive and writing after that year, and his death may have occurred subsequent to 1611. The exact date, however, is not known. Harte gives the following account of him : — ' Sir Hugh Platt (not to mention his other ex- cellent talents) was the most ingenious husbandman of the age he lived in : Yet so great was his modesty that all his works seem to be posthumous, except the Paradise of .Flora, which appeared in 1600, when it is probable he was living. He spent part of his time at Copt-Hall, in Essex, or at Bishop' s- Hall, in Middlesex, at each of which places he had a country-seat ; but his town residence was Lin- coln's-Inn. — His Jewel-House was published by Dr. Beati, commonly called, in England, Dr. Boat (who, by the way, was as great a genius in hus- bandry, as most we have mentioned) and the Flora's Paradise (with a second original part) was published tycmitBellingham, the author's kinsman, who changed the title to the Garden of Eden. ' Sir Hugh held a correspondence with all lovers of agriculture and gardening throughout England. And such was the justice and modesty of his temper, that he always named the author of every discovery communicated to him. 1 In a word, no one man in any age ever dis- covered, or, at least, brought into use, so many Philosophical Transactions, 1675, No. 113, p. 302. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 741. Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, p. 600. Rev. Walter Harte, Essays on Husbandry, Lon- don, 1770, and edition, Essay ii. p. 113. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 458; 1772, ii. p. 681. Rotermund, Fort set sung und Ergansungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 375. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. 761 n. new sorts of manure. Witness his account of the COMPOST and COVERED DUNGHIL, and his obser- vations on the fertilizing qualities lodged in SALT ; —STREET DIRT AND SULLAGE OF STREETS in great cities ;— CLAY ;— FULLERS EARTH ;— MOOR- ISH EARTH ; — DUNGHILS MADE IN LAYERS ; — FERN ; — HAIR ; — CALCINATION OF ALL VEGE- TABLES ; Malt-dust ; — Willow-tree earth, Soap- boilers ashes ; and broken-pilchards and MARLE.' He was the author of several works : — ' The Jewell House of Art and Nature,' London, Peter Short, 1594, 4°. It is in three separate parts which have separate titles and pagination : ' Diverse new and conceited experiments,' pp. [16] 96, with a large folding sheet containing all the diagrams of the different pieces of apparatus printed in the text ; ' Diuerse new sorts of Soyle,' pp. 60 ; ' Diuers Chimicall Conclusions concerning the Art of Distil- lation,' pp. 76. The title-pages have elaborate ornamental borders, and on the -verso of the first- title-page are the arms of Robert Deuorax, Earl of Essex, to whom Hugh Platte or Plat (for he uses both forms) dedicates the book. It was reprinted, London, 1653, 4°, pp. [8] 232. ' A discoverie of certain English wants,' London, I59S. 4°- ' The setting of Corne ' [1600], 4°. ' A new, cheape and delicate Fire of Cole-balles, ' London, 1603, 4°, ff. [15]. This very rare pam- phlet gives an extended account of an invention ot his mentioned in the third part of the 'Jewell House.' The present tract was published separately : ' Sundrie new and Artificiall remedies against Famine, Written by H. P. Esq., upon thoccasion of this present Dearth, London,' 1596, 4°. John Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. ii, No. ix. (after Harte). Horace Walpole, Letters, 1861, vi. p. 373. Cooper, Athena Cantabrigienses, 1861, ii. pp. 436-438 (and references). Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1606. Ferguson, ' Notes on Histories of Inventions and Books of Secrets," Transactions of the Archaolo- gical Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 194 ; p. 259 ; 1890, N.S. i. p. 459. Hon. Alicia Amherst, A History of Gardening in England, 1895, pp. 142, 152, 171, 329. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p. 407 (and references ; article by S. Lee). PLATTES (GABRIEL). An Invaluable Discovery ol all Sorts of Mines from Gold to Coal. See COLLECTION (A) of scarce and valuable Treatises upon Metals, pp. 194-241. This work was originally published with the title : A Discovery of Subterraneal Treasure, London, 1639, 4°, pp. [10] 60 ; 1679, 4°> PP- [3» * blank] 24 ; and an edition of 1684 is mentioned by Watt. Harte (i. p. 35) calls him an original genius in husbandry, who began his observations in the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and came down to three or four years of the Commonwealth. He further says of him : 1 As great a genius as this writer was, the public allowed him to drop down dead in London streets with hunger only ; nor had he a shirt upon his back when he died. He bequeathed his papers to i". Hartlib : whom a cotemporary author addresses in this manner: "None (but yourself, who want 1740, not an enlarged heart, but a fuller hand to supply the world's defects) being found, with some few others, to administer any relief to a man of so great merit." Letter to Hartlib/rww Flanders, 1650. 1 Another friend of Hartlib 's gives Plattes the following character : "Certainly that man had as excellent a genius in agriculture as any that ever lived in this nation before him, and was the most faithful seeker of his ungrateful country's good. I never think of the great judgment, pure zeal, and faithful intentions of that man, and withal of his strange sufferings and manner of death, but am struck with amazement that such a man should l>e suffered to fall down dead in the streets for want of food, whose studies tended to no less than pro- viding and preserving food for whole nations, and 208 PLA TTES—PLENCK PLATTES (GABRIEL). Continued. that too as with much skill and industry, so without pride or arrogance towards God or man." ' C. D. in a tetter to Hartlib, 1653. Legacy, pp. 183, 184. ' Hartlib, as far as can be learnt, published but few posthumous papers of Gabriel Plattes ; and indeed an author, so extremely poor as this unfor- tunate person was, would in all probability have sold his writings to the booksellers, had they been so far finished as to deserve publication. ' The pieces already published are these which follow : Practical Husbandry improved, or, A Dis- covery of infinite Treasure, 4 , containing 120 pages, 1656. A Discovery of subterranean Treasure, 410, 1638. About three sheets. Mercurius Lcetificans, 410, 1644. Twelve pages. Observations and Improvements in Husbandry, accompanied with twenty Experiments, imparted to S. Hartlib by Gab. Plattes. 32 pages, 410, 1653. ' This author had a bold adventurous cast of mind, and seems to have preferred the faulty sublime, in matters of invention, to the faultless mediocrity. As to his MS. intitled Art's Mistress, containing a series of observations and experiments in agriculture for fifty years, and in all probability the most valuable in matter, as well as most con- Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 22. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 112. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 268. Rev. Walter Harte, Essays on Husbandry, Lon- don, 1770, and Edition, Essay i. p. 35 ; Essay ii. pp. 63-64. Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1771, i. p. 456. siderable in size, of all his writings, we have spoken thereof in the ist essay. ' In a letter to Hartlib, May 14, 1644, he men- tions a work of his called, The Treasure-house oj Nature unlocked, and set wide open to the World, &c. Whether this performance was ever printed is more than I know, or whether it be not the tract first mentioned in this list, which I am partly in- clined to believe.' The fact that he died of starvation is mentioned by Haller. The list of his works given by Donaldson does not quite tally with that by Harte, and I cannot help thinking that one book appears under more than one title. They are the following : — A Treatise of Husbandry, London, 1638. A Discoverie of infinite treasure, hidden from the world's beginning in the way of husbandry, Lon- don, 1636, 1639, 4°. A Discovery of Subterranean treasure, London, 1639, 4°- Observations and Improvements in husbandry, with twenty experiments, London, 1639, 4°. The profitable intelligencer, London, 1644, 4°. Recreatio Agriculturae, London, 1646, 4°. Of this last there is said to be an edition of 1640. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. 761 /. Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 20, No. xxvi. Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1607. Ferguson, ' Notes on Histories of Inventions and Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archcco- logical Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 194; p. 251 ; 1890, N. S. i., p. 226. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p. 410 (and references). PLEIADES Philosophies Rosianae, oder Philosophisches Sieben-Gestirn der Rosen Creutzer. See PHILOSOPHISCHES LIGHT und Schatten, 1738, No. ii. For alchemical works referring to the Pleiades and other stars, see Kopp. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340. p. 666. PLENCK (JOSEPH JAKOB VON). Farmacia Chirurgica del celeb. Professore Gioseffo Jacopo Plenck, ovvero Dottrina de' Medicamenti Preparati e Composti che si sogliono adoperare nella Cura de' Morbi Esterni. Seconda Edizione. In Venezia, Appresso Francesco di Niccolb Pezzana. MDCCLXXXVI. Con Approvazione, e Privilegio. 12°. Pp. [12] 100 [2]. Plenck, or von Plenck, or Plenk, was born at enumerated by Rotermund, and he wrote also Vienna, 28 Nov., 1732 (1738). He was a disciple of Cranz, and in 1770 he was professor of anatomy surgery, and obstetrics at Ofen, in Hungary. After holding the chair of anatomy, surgery, and obstetrics at Basel for some time, he was appointed in 1783 to the professorship of chemistry and botany in the military medico- chirurgical academy at Vienna. He was also made director of the field dispensary, and was appointed Elementa Chymicz, Vienna, 1800, 8°. The present work appeared first in Latin : Pharmacia chirurgica, sive doctrina de medica- mentis proeparatis ac compositis, quag ad curandos morbos externos adhiberi solent, Vienna, 1775, 8° ; afterwards 1777, 8° ; 1781, 8° ; 1786, 8° ; 1791, 8°. Fuchs quotes : Materia chirurgica, Vienna, 1771, which is, presumably, the same book. Plenck died at Vienna, 24 Aug., 1807; Fuchs, staff-surgeon. In 1798 he was raised to the rank of however, says, July 1785, referring to the Go't- a Hungarian noble, and received the secretaryship tingische Anzeigen. This, however, seems to be of the Joseph Academy. He was the author of numerous works on surgery, a mistake, for the only mention of Plenck in July, 1785, is in a review of his ' Toxicologia seu Doct- obstetrics, medicine, toxicology, forensic medicine, rina de Venenis et Antidotis,' Wien, bey Grafer, botany, pharmacology, of which forty-three are 1785, 8°, pp. 338. PLENCK— PLUSIUS 209 PLENCK (JOSEPH JAKOB VON). Continued. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 610. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 528 cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 730. ('chirurgus et obstetrix'). Biographic Universelle, 1845, Supp. Ixxvii. p. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 652. 326 ; no date, xxxiii. p, 514. Ignaz de Luca, Das Gelehrte Oesterreich, 1778, Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii. I. ii. p. 24. p. 630. Ekkard, Litcrarisches Handbuch, p. 29. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, Gottingische Anzeigen von Gelehrten Sachen, 1855, pp. 281, 641, 870. 1786, i. p. 508. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 472. der jttzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1798, Nouvelle Bio^raphie Generate, 1866, xl. col. 465. vi. p. 121 ; 1803, x. p. 418 ; 1805, xi. p. 615 ; Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiser- 1811, xv. p. 52. thums Oesterreich, 1870, xxii. pp. 423-426 (and the Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, references). 1806-08, p. 385. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 690, Der Biograph, Halle, 1808, vii. p. 501. 691, 723, 734. Rotermund, Fortsetzung and Ergdnzungen zu Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der heryorragen- . . . Jochers allgetneinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 590. vi. col. 391. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1888, xxvi. p. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 272 (article by E. Wunschmann). 25), vi. p. 444. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. cales, 2eme Serie, 1888, xxvi. p. 7. PP- 5871 756, 770, 839, 859, 864. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 362. PLUSIUS (EDVARDUS). Speculum Modernae Alchimiae. Autore Eduardo Plusio Belga. Geber lib. I. summse perfectionis capite 7. Miserrimus & infcelix est is, cui Deus post operis sui atq; laboris finem veritatem conspicere denegat. Lignicii typis Nicolai Sartorii. 1607. 8°. Sigs. A to D in eights, £4. =pp. [68, 4 blank]. Woodcut border round the title. Numerous MS. notes in the handwriting of Grofschedl, whose name is on the title-page. This first edition is not mentioned by any of the I have seen is in the preface to the German trans- usual authorities, and the only reference to it which lation. Eduard Plusii Spiegel der heutigen Alchimie, das ist, wohlgegriindeter Bericht, was von der so beruffenen Goldmacher Kunst zu halten, und wie man sich darinnen behutsam zu erzeigen habe ; Allen aufrichtigen Liebhabern derselben zu Dienste aus dem Lateinischen wegen seiner Nutzbarkeit ins Deutsche iibersetzt. Budifsin und Gorlitz, bey David Rich tern, Buchh. 1725. 8°. Pp. 80. According to the translator, Eduard Plusius is a have been made, if a book of 1607 could serve to feigned name, but he does not tell us what was the keep off readers from the same cheats, errors and real one or anything about the author. dangers in 1725 and 1756. The book is meant to warn students of alchemy Only this 1725 edition is mentioned by Gmelin, from the pitfalls wherewith they are surrounded. Schmieder and Kopp. Plusius' book is not in the One must conclude that very little advance can Ouvaroff collection, or in Lenglet Dufresnoy's list. Der heutige Alchimist, oder der beruffene Gold-Kocher, wie solche Wissenschaft beschaffen seyn musse, nebst wohlgegriindeten Berichte, was davon zu halten, und wie man sich dabey behutsam zu erzeigen habe. Budissin, bey David Richtern. 1756. 8°. Pp. 80. At the end, p. 77 : Alte Verse, worinne die Bereitung des Philo- sophischen Steines Ratzel-weifs beschrieben. II. O 210 PL USIUS—POLEMANN PLUSIUS (EDVARDUS). Continued. This tract, issued without the author's name, consists of the remainder copies of Plusius' Spiegel der heutigen Alchimie, 1725. The only difference is that in this reissue the title-page has been recast, and the " Avertissement an den geneigten Leser" by the translator and the "Vorbericht des Authoris " have been omitted ; so, in order not to disturb the pagination, the first sheet has been re- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 542. printed and sufficiently widely spaced to make what went into 10 pages in the 1725 edition fill 14 in this reissue. Moreover, in the reissue, the running title to p. 16 is 'Der heutige Alchimist,' but from p. 17 to the end it is, of course, ' Spiegel der heu- tigen Alchimie.' In all other respects the books are identical. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 354. PORNER (CARL WILHELM). D. Carl Wilhelm Porner, Churfurstl. Sachsischen Bergraths chymische Versuche und Bemerkungen zum Nutzen der Farbekunst. Erster Theil. Leipzig, bey M. G. Weidmanns Erben und Reich. 1772. 8°. Pp. [10] 524 [10]. D. Carl Wilhelm Porner, Churfurstl. Sachfsl. Bergraths chymische Versuche und Bemerkungen zum Nutzen der Farbekunst. Zweyter Theil. Leipzig, bey M. G. Weidmanns Erben and Reich. 1772. 8°. Pp. [2] 604 [8, 2 blank]. A third part was published at Leipzig, in 1773. Pb'rner's father was a practising lawyer in Leipzig lain works at Meissen. He died there 13 April, and he himself was born there 16 Jan. , 1732. He 1796. was educated at the Nicholas School and the Uni- versity, graduated M. D. in 1754, and gave lectures on chemistry. He was appointed electoral Saxon mining councillor and commissarius in the porce- Haller, BMiotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 707. Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten Chemie, 1777, passim, Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 46. Allgemeiner Literarischer Anzeiger, 1796, p. 210. Leipz. gel. Tagebuch, 1796, p. in. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 387 ; 1799, iii. p. 31. Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver- storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1810, x. p. 482. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu He was devoted to chemistry and published books and papers on the subject. Lists of these are given by Weigel, by Gmelin, and by Meusel. The present is an important experimental work on dyeing and printing cotton. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 465. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 456. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 62, 91, 316, 390. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 640, 694. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 479. Nouvelle Biographic Ginirale, 1866, xl. p. 548. POLEMANN (JOACHIMUS). Psal. 36. In deinem Lichte sehen wir das Licht Novum Lumen Medicum in welchem die vortreffliche und hochnothige Lehre des hochbegabten Philosophi Helmontii, von dem hohen Geheimnis des Sulphuris Philosophorum. Aus getreuen wolmeynenden Gemiithe gegen die Unwissenden und Irrenden, wie auch aus mitleidendem Hertzen gegen die Krancken, griindlich erklaret wird, von Joachimo Polemann. Amsterdam, Auf Kosten Wilhelm Welmsonii und Leipzig, bey Joh. Herbord Klofsen zu finden, Im Jahr 1699. 12°. Pp. [6] 245 [i blank]. Novum lumen Medicum de Mysterio Sulphuris Philosophorum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 600. Other editions of the book are mentioned : Francof., 1647, 8°; Amsterd., 1659, 12°; 1660, 12°; Frankfurt, 1747, 12°. The English translation: Novum Lumen Medicum ; wherein . the excellent and most necessary Doctrine of the highly-gifted Philosopher Helmont concerning the Great Mystery of the Pholosopher's (sic) Sulphur is fundamentally cleared. . . . London, Printed by J. C. for J. Crook at the sign of the Ship in St. Pauls Church- yard, 1662, small 8°, pp. [8] 206 [2 blank]. After the word 'cleared' the British Museum Catalogue inserts: "Written by the author in German, and Englished by F. H., a German." As these words do not occur in my copy, it may be inferred that if the work did not actually go through two distinct editions, it appeared with two title-pages, if not more, POLEMANN—POLISIUS 211 POLEMANN (JOACHIMUS). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromns Bibliotheca metallicee, 1732, p. 112. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 59. Jocher, Allgemeincs Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1656 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 505. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 115. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. P- 79- Beytrag zur Gcschichle der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 618. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 379. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1607-08. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 388. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 478. POLI (MARTINO). II Trionfo degli Acidi vendicati dalle calunnie di molti Modern!; Opera Filoso- fica, e Medica fondata sopra de' Principij Chimici, & adornata di varij esperimenti; contro il Sistema, e Prattica delli Modern! Democritici, & Epicure! Riformati, divisa in Quattro Libri ; di Martino Poli Spargirico (sic) in Roma, aggregate alia Reale Accademia delle Scienze in Parigi; Dedicata alia Sacra Reale Maesta di Lodovico XIV. II Grande Re Cristianissimo. In Roma, MDCCVI. Nella Stamperia di Giorgio Placho Intagliatore, e Gettatore di Caratteri alia Piazza della Chiesa di S. Marco. Con Licenza de' Superior!. 4°. Pp. [24] 463 [i]. Poli was born at Lucca, 21 January, 1662, and at an early age developed a taste for chemistry which was fostered by his uncle. At the age of sixteen he left Lucca and went to Rome to his uncle, who had promised to help him. In 1691 he got leave to establish a laboratory as extra chemist, and in 1700 he received from the pontifical government letters patent, conferring on him the title of apothecary. Having made a dis- covery of great importance for war, which would have given the French an immense advantage, he went to France in 1702 to lay it before the king, Louis XIV. He, however, while commending the in- ventor, declined the invention and urged its sup- pression on account of its destructive character. Poli, however, received a pension and the title of engineer to the king, and extra foreign associate of Histoire de I'Acadhnie Royale des Sciences, Annie 1714, Paris, 1717, p. 129 (by Fontenelle). L'Europe Savante, La Haye, Janvier, 1718, i. pp. 63-66 (from Fontenelle). Ada Eruditorum, 1719, num. 8, p. 350. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1481. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1659 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 516. Fontenelle, Oeuvres, 1764, v. pp. 215-220. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medccine, 1778, iii. p. 596. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practicee, 1788, iv. P- 43i • the Academy of Sciences. In 1704 he returned to Italy, where he had soon engagements with Pope Clement XI. and the Duke of Massa. On his return to France in 1713 he was well received by the king who increased his pension and urged him to bring his family to Paris. He did so, and after a long and disagreeable passage by sea, they reached Paris on the 28 July to find him so ill with fever that he recognized them with difficulty. He died the following day, 29 July, 1713 (1714). The only book he wrote is the present one, but he communicated papers on bismuth, saltpetre, on the ' fermentation ' of acid salts with acid salts and of alcalis with alcalis, on the effect of concentrated spirit of sulphur with water, to the Academy at Paris, published in 1713, 1714. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 413, 515 (distilled a stupifying volatile oil from laurel leaves ; prepared butter of bismuth from which by repeated extraction he got a powder glistering like pearls, and showed how to concentrate sulphuric acid). Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 467. Biographic Univcrselle, 1845, bcxvii. (Supp.), p. 371 ; no date, xxxiii. p. 615. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 377. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wortcrbuch, 1863, ii. col. 493. Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1866, xl. p. 603. POLISIUS (GOTHOFREDUS SAMUEL). De Metallis imperfectis duris duobus, Ferro et Cupro. See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1679. Was this person any connection of Melchior Polisius mentioned by Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr- ten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1661, who lived between 1600 and 1671, was M.D. and professor of medicine at Frankfurt on the Oder, and wrote some medical disputations ? 212 POL VCARPUS—PONTANUS POLYCARPUS CHRYSOSTOMUS. See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS), Tractat . . . von Natur . . . der Elementen, 1723. POLYDORUS (CHRYSOGONUS). See ALCHEMIA, 1541. Chrysogonus Polydorus was the editor of this an address to the reader. I have found no indica- collection of alchemical tracts, and prefaced it with tion of the author's real name. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 188 ('est nomen fictum '). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 297. PONCELET (POLYCARPE ?). See CHIMICA (La) del Gusto, 1792. To the references given under that heading may be added Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun- gen zu . . . Jochtrs allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 589, who, however, has nothing new to say. PONTANUS (JOANNES). Beschreibung des Secreten Philosophischen Feuers. See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS), xii. Grund-Saulen der Natur und Kunst, 1689, p. 27. Epistola, in qua de lapide quem Philosophorum vocant, agitur. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 149. See also ORTHELIUS. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, iii. 1659, p. 734 ; vi. 1661, p. 487. Ein Sendbrief, darinn vom Stein der Weisen gehandelt wird. See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, p. 219. His name was Johann Bruckner, according to Schmieder, and he was a doctor of philosophy and of medicine, and professor of philosophy at Konigs- berg during 1544 and 1545. In 1552 he passed to the chair of medicine and physics, but after a year removed to Jena. He was assessor of the medical faculty and was appointed physician of the Prince of Gotha, and next of the Duke of Weimar, whom he accompanied to Vienna. On this journey Pontanus died at Vienna, 9 July, 1572, not without suspicion of having been poisoned. Besides the ' Epistola ' he wrote : ' Methodus componendi theriacam et praeparandi ambram factitiam,' in Johann Wittichius' Consilia Observa- tiones et Epistola Medicce . . . Collecta, Lips. 1604, 4° ; and ' De prodigiosis episcopi Spirensis Maier, Symbola AurecE Mens&, 1617, p. 264. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 299. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 662. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1265. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide- Kunst, 1702, p. n/. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 528. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1459. jejuniis,' in Lentulus' Historia admiranda de pro- digiosa Apollonice Schreicrce . . . inedia, Bernse, 1604, 4°. The Latin text of Pontanus' ' Epistola,' with a German version different from both the above, appeared in Johann Peter Gerhard's Gedanken vom Feuer, Halle, 1750, pp. 198-207. There is also an English translation by Eirenseus Orandus, which was printed along with Nicholas Flamel ' His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures' and 'The secret Booke of Artephius,' London, 1624, 12°, pp. 237-[247]. He himself printed nothing, and if what he had written had not been published by others, his name would have been unknown. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermitique, 1742, iii. pp. 53, 58, 268. Jocher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1688. Fictuld, Probier-Kunst, 1753, Th. i. p. 126. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 302, 401 ; 1772, ii. p. 671 (Haller had a manuscript of Pontanus' travels in Russia, Prussia, and Poland. ) Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice?, 1777, ''• P- 87. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 605. PONTANUS— POPPIUS 213 PONTANUS (JOANNES). Continued. Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte • der Wissen- Johannes GUnther, Lefrenskiszen der Professoren schaften in der Mark Brandenburg, 1783, p. 37. der Universitdtjenaseit 1558 bis 1858, 1858, p. 116. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 502, Poggendorff, Biographize h-literarisches Hand- 520. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 499. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojft Sciences 25), vi. p. 473. Secretes, 1870, No. 1004-06. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 224. 35°. POPPIUS (HAMERUS). Basilica Antimonii. See HARTMANN (jOHANN), Praxis Chymiatrica, 1647, p. 595. The above tract was published, with the title, the increase of weight when a mass of antimony is Basilica Antimonii, sive expositio naturas And- calcined by a burning mirror. I have not met with monii, Francofurti, 1618, 4°, and in it he describes any notice of the author. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. ,"519, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 387. 568. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Rotennund, Fortsetzung ttnd Ergdnzungen zu 1731, II. i. p. 537. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, vi. col. 646. 1732, p. 112. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. 120. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apolheker, Hennctiquc, 1742, iii. p. 269. 1855, pp. 501, 572. POPPIUS (JOHANN). Chymische Medicin von dem Nutz vnd gebrauch der distillierten Oelen, Extracten, Quintis essentiis, Aquis vitse, Balsamis, Floribus, Saltzen vnd Wassern, aufs den Mineralibus, Animalibus vnd Vegetabilibus, zu allerley jnnerlichen vnd eusserlichen Artzneyen, recht vnd niitzlichen zu gebrauchen : Sampt der Preparation vnnd Chymischen zubereittung, auch anderer vor- nehmen Sachen, alien Liebhabern dieser Edlen Kunst, zu trewhertzigem gefallen, beschrieben durch lohannem Poppen, dieser zeit Fiirstlichen Sach- sischen Destillatorem zu Coburg. Mit Churf. Sachs. Freyheit nicht nach zu trucken. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt, Bey Egenolph Emmeln, In verlegung Simonis Schambergers. Im Jahr, 1617. 8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 523 [5]. Chymische Medicin, von dem Nutz vnd Gebrauch der distillierten Oelen, Extracten, Quintis Essentiis, Aquis vitae, Balsamis, Floribus, Saltzen vnd Wassern aufs den Mineralibus, Animalibus vnd Vegetabilibus, zu allerley jnnerlichen vnd aufserlichen Artzneyen, recht vnd niitzlichen zu gebrauchen : Sampt der Preparation vnd Chymischen zubereitung, auch anderer vornehmen Sachen, alien Liebhabern dieser Edlen Kunst, zu trewhertzigem gefallen, beschrieben, Durch lohannem Poppen, dieser zeit Fiirstlichen Sachsischen Destillatorem zu Coburg. Franckfurt am Mayn, in verlegung Daniel vnd David Aubrij, vnd Clemens Schleichen. Im Jahr, M.DC.XXV. 8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 523 [5]. Identical with the previous edition, except the first leaf which has been reprinted. Hodogeticus Chymicus, oder Wegweiser zu der Chymischen Medicin, in welchem gehandelt wird, wie ein Medicus auff Hermetische art geschaffen seyn, 214 POPPIUS—PORDAGE POP PIUS (JOHANN). Continued. worauff er sehen, was er gebrauchen, vnd was er meiden miisse. Zu con- tinuirung seiner vorigen zweyen Tractatuum an statt des dritten Theils, aus eigener mit grosser Miihe erfahrungen zusammen getragen, vnd Bono Publico zum besten an Tag gegeben Durch Johannem Poppium, Fiirstlichen Sach- sischen vnd Brandenburgischen Chymicum zu Coburg. Zu End ist beygesetzt ein niitzlicher Vnterricht, wie ein Medicus den Lauff des Himmels, vnd den Influxum Stellarum fruchtbarlich in acht zu nemen habe. Cum Privilegio. Leipzig, In verlegung Zacharise Schiirers vnd Matthias Gotzens. Gedruckt bey Friederich Lanckisch. 1627. 8°. Pp. [16] 1-271 [i blank, i] 273-404 [i] [2 blank]. From 273 to the end, the even numbers are on the recto. Thesaurus Medicinae, oder Chymischer Artzney Schatz, in welchem aufserlesene vnd bewehrte, vnd theils bifsanhero nicht allerdings gnugsam bewuste Mittel, theils zu Erhaltung, theils zu Wiederbringung menschlicher Gesundheit, so viel des Haupts, der Brust, der Eingeweyde, vnd auch anderer gefahrlichen eusserlichen Gebrechen anlangen thut, eroffnet vnd angezeiget werden, alles aufs eigener erfahrner Heimligkeit, oder aufs andern bewehrten Autoribus, furnemlich aufs Theophrasto, zusammen gelesen, von Johanne Poppen, Fiirstl. Sachs, vnd Brandeburgischen bestalten Chymico zu Coburg. Cum Privilegiis. Leipzig, In Vorlegung Zachariae Schiirers vnd Matthiae Gotzen. Anno M.DC.XXIIX. 4°. Pp. [16] 812. Title red and black. Portrait. Commentaria, ... in J. Poppii Chymische Medicin, 1638-39. See AGRICOLA (JOHANN). He himself writes his name Popp, Poppe, Poppius. Hodogeticus chymicus, and enumerates other eleven Rotermund calls him a physician and chemist at works dealing with medicine. Haller calls him the beginning of the seventeenth century. Of the 'Chymicus Coburgensis, uon plenae fidei homo.' above he quotes the Thesaurus medicines and Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 106. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 521, Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 269. 568. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 436 Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu (' Krauterbuch,' Leipzig, 1625, by Johann Poppe. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, Is he the same person?). vi. col. 644. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 41 ; ii. p. 384. p. 347. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 506. PORDAGE (JOHN). Ein griindlich philosophisch Sendschreiben vom rechten und wahren Steine der Weifsheit : Worinnen der ganze Procefs des philosophischen Werks, oder wie man das Werk der wahren Wiedergeburt recht anfangen, darinnen gliicklich fortgehen, und es zum vollkommnen und seeligen Ende bringen soil, griindlich angewiesen und ausgefiihrt wird. Geschrieben durch J. P. M. D. Zum Unterrichte und Warnung an eine gute Seele, die nach der ersten Materie dieses herrlichen Steins der gottlichen Tinctur zwar mit grossem Ernste gesucht und gegraben, dieselbe auch wirklich gefunden und geschmeckt gehabt; aus Ermanglung genugsamen Lichts aber Ihn vollkommlich zu besitzen, und zu PORDA GE—POR TA 215 PORDAGE (JOHN). Continued. volliger Ruhe gekommen zu seyn, ihr allzufriihzeitFg eingebildet gehabt. Nunmehro alien in diesem Procefs begriffenen gleichfalls zur Warnung und Unterrichte aus dem Englischen iibergesetzt und ans Licht gegeben. Neue Auflage. Berlin 1779. Bey Christian Ulrich Ringmacher. 8°. Pp. 16. This tract is couched in such symbolical and allusive language that one is at a loss to know whether to attach a spiritual, an alchemical, or a physiological meaning to the author's words and descriptions. Philosophisches Send-Schreiben vom Stein der Weifsheit. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. P- 557- His name takes on strange shapes, such as Poordetsch, Pordaedsche, in other languages, for phonetic effect. He was the son of a grocer in London, and was born there in 1607. He preached at Reading, and in 1647 was rector at Bradfield, which living was in the gift of Ashmole. From this he was ejected by the Commissioners on the ground of intercourse with evil spirits, for blas- phemy, ignorance, 'divilism,' and scandalous behaviour. Against these charges he wrote a defence: ' Innocency appearing,' but it produced no effect. Pordage admitted his having been attacked by evil spirits, though the accusation about scandalous behaviour was shown to be unfounded. Poiret, Bibliotheca Mysiicorum Selecta, 1708, p. 174- §49- Sammlung von alien und neuen theologischen Sachen, 1732, p. 912, with his portrait. Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosoph- ischen Historic von Christi Geburt bifs auf unsere Zeiten, Ulm, 1735, vi. pp. 1179-81. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 915 [Th. iv. num. 32, § 159]. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1558. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1704 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- nngen, 1819, vi. col. 654. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 127. Moehsen, Verzeichnis enter Samlung von Bild- nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108 (mysticus Celebris, mysterii Sophioe defensor, arcanorum, uti putabat, ccelestium plenus, qui incipit ubi Bohemius [i.e. Bbhme] desinit). But the charges were renewed, and new ones added, and Pordage was relentlessly attacked by Christian Fowler, who, Wood says, was latterly out of his mind. These trials lasted from 1651 to 1655, and at the end he had to resign Bradfield. He was subsequently reinstated, and lived there for several years. In 1663 he became acquainted with Mrs. Jane Lead, or Leade, and they studied Bohme's works together, and were members of the Philadelphia!! Society. He died in 1681. He wrote a few books of mystical theology, but had really nothing to do with alchemy. His 'Theologia mystica' and 'Sophia' were translated into Ger- man, and published at Amsterdam, 1698, 1699. Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic, 1796, v. pp. 528-538 (discusses his system). Buhle, Geschichte der Neuern Philosophic, 1800, ii. p. 445. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 213. Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1817, iii. col. 1098 ; 1820, iv. col. 715. J. Granger, A Biographical History of England, 5th edit., 1824, iii. p. 344. Watt, Bibliotheca Brilannica, 1824 (authors), ii. 769?- Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 183, 239- R. A. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. p. 115. Allibone, A, Critical Dictionary of English Liter- ature, 1878, ii. p. 1640. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvi. p. 150 (by Rev. A. Gordon). PORDONI (NARBONTE). See MEURDRAC (MARIE), La Chimica Caritatevole e Facile, 1682. Is this an anagram for Pontio Bernardon? PORTA (GlAMBATTISTA DELLA). loannis BaptisUe Portae Neapolitani, de Distillationibus, Libri IX. Quibus certa methodo, multiplicique artificio, penitioribus naturae arcanis detectis, cujus libet mixti in propria elementa resolutio perfecte docetur. Nunc primum in Germania typis evulgati, ac Indice Capitum & Materiarum exornati. Cum Gratia & Privilegio S. Csesarese Majestatis. Argentorati, Sumptibus Lazari Zetzneri Bibliop. Anno M DC IX. 4°. Pp. [16] 149 [n]. Portrait on the reverse of the title. 35 woodcuts. PORT A (GIAMBATTISTA BELLA). Continued. The first edition was published at Rome, 1608, portrait as copied in the Strasburg edition, is not 4°, pp. [20] 154 [6]. It contains a fine portrait of only smaller but is inferior. Porta and dedications to him in Hebrew, Greek, The Roman edition is much the finer book. Chaldee, Persian, lllyrian, and Armenian 1 The [Another Copy.] lo. Baptistae Portae Neapolitan!, Magiae Naturalis Libri Viginti. Ab ipso quidem authore ante biennium adaucti, nunc verb ab infinitis, quibus editio ilia scatebat mendis, optime repurgati : in quibus scientiarum Naturalium diuitiae & deliciae demonstrantur. Accessit Index, rem omnem dilucide repaesentans, copiosissi- mus. Librorum ordinem, qui in hoc opere continentur, versa pagina indicabit. Francofurti Apud Andreas Wecheli heredes, Claudium Marnium, & loann. Aubrium. MDXCI. 8°. Pp. [36] 669 [3 blank]. Woodcuts in the text. The English translation came out at London, 1658, fol., with an engraved frontispiece or fly-title, con- taining the author's portrait. Joh. Baptistae Portae Neapolitan! Magiae Naturalis Libri Viginti. Ab ipso quidem authore adaucti, nunc vero ab infinitis, quibus editio ilia scatebat mendis, optime repurgati : in quibus scientiarum Naturalium divitiae & delicise demonstrantur. Accessit Index, rem omnem dilucide repraesentans, copiosissi- mus. Librorum ordinem, qui in hoc opere continentur, post prsefationem inveniet Lector. Lugd. Batavorum, Apud Hieronymum de Vogel. C!D loc XLIV. 12°. Pp. [16, including the engraved title] 670. Index [23 ; 3 blank]. Woodcuts in the text. Phytognomonica lo. Baptistae Portae Neapol. Octo libris contenta; in quibus nova, facillimaque affertur methodus, qua plantarum, animalium, metallorum; rerum denique omnium ex prima extimae faciei inspectione quiuis abditas vires assequatur. Accedunt ad haec confirmanda infinita propemodum selectiora secreta, summo labore, temporis dispendio, & impensarum iactura vestigata, explorataque. Nunc primum ab innumeris mendis, quibus passim Neapolitana editio scatebat, vindicata ; cum Rerum & Verborum Indice locupletissimo. 1591. Francofurti Apud loannem Wechelum & Petrum Fischerum con- sortes. 8°. Pp. [16] 552. Title red and black. Portrait on the verso of the title. 32 woodcuts in the text. Giambattista Porta or della Porta (1545-1615) Porta's likeness, and there are numerous illustra- acquired a great reputation through his book on tions in the text. Natural Magic, though he wrote also on plants, The Natural Magic came out first in 4 books, physiognomy, physics, mathematics, and other Naples, 1558, and several times afterwards. It was topics, besides composing several plays. extended to 20 books, and published at Naples, The work on physiognomy is as follows : De 1589. Numerous editions again followed. Humana Physiognomonia Libri III. . . . Vici There are several portraits : this just mentioned, ^Equensis (Sorrento) Apud Josephum Cacchium those given by Imperialis, Freher, and Crasso ; and M.D.LXXXVI., small folio, pp. [4] 272 (misnum- in the two editions of the De Distillationibus, bered 265). The title-page is engraved and contains that in the Phytognomica, and in the frontispiece of the English translation of the Magia Naturalis. PORTA—PORTZIUS 217 PORTA (GIAMBATTISTA BELLA). Continued. Joannes Matthasus Toscanus, Peplus Italics, Lutet., 1578, p. 116, No. cxcvi. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 251. Joannes Imperialis, Museum Historicum et Phy- sicum, 1640, p. 122, with a short biography. Girol. Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini Letierati, 1647, i. pp. 103-4 (much praised for his skill in astrology, mathematics, natural science, physiog- nomy. List of his works). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini Letterati, Venetia, 1666, i. pp. 170-174, with a portrait. Toppi, Biblioteca Napoktana, 1678, pp. 139, 329. Mercklin, Lindenius renoi-atus, 1686, p. 536. Freher, Theatruin virontm eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1510, and pi. 78. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. M2 recto, 4 Feb., 1615; Riga, 1691, Tom. ii. p. 19, 4 Feb., 1615. Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractates, 1700, pp. 602, 731. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic etdela Chirurgie, 1700, ii. p. 100. Gassendus, Nicolai Claudii Fabricii de Peiresc Vita, Quedlinburg, 1706, p. 136 (invention of the telescope). Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 540. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 112. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 726 (I. 4. 2. 3) ; ii. pp. 155, 157 (II. 2. 2. 9& ii) ; ii. p. 426(1!. 2*. 40. 6) ; ii. p. 454 (II. 3. i. 4) ; ii. p. 473 (II. 4. i. id. Jacob Brucker, Kurlze Fragen aus der Philo- sophischen Historic, Ulm, 1735, vi. p. 633. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1593. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 269. Niceron, Memoirts, 1745, xliii. p. 30. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1709 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 672. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 116. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, I755. »• P- 297 ; 1778, iii. p. 608. Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 154, 156-168. Montucla, Histoire des Mathematiques, 1758, i. p. 628 (researches on vision ; invention of the telescope). Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, VIII. ii. p. 490. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 239. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 328. Priestley, The History and present State of Dis- coveries relating to Vision, Light and Colours, 1772, i. pp. 34-43. Les Bibliotheques Francoises de la Croix du Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny, 1773, iv. (Du Verdier ii.), p. 504. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 216 ; 1777, ii. p. 743. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 215. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 125 ('vir acuti ingenii, mathematicus, ingenii praecocis, peregrinator '). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 14. J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam Medicinae lilterariam, 1786, p. 189. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literiir- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 210, 211, §184. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 317, 319-22, 351, 353, 356. G. H. Duchesne, Notice sur la -vie et les Oeuvres de Jean Baptiste Porta, Paris, 1801, 8°. Job. Karl Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i. p. 163, & passim. Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 1810, vii. p. 496, &c. Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 307. Biografia degli uomini illustri del Regno di Napoli, Napoli, 1814-22. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxv. p. 206. Colangelo, Vita di Giovanni-Battista della Porta, Napoli, 1818, 8°. Gingugne, Histoire litte'raire d Italic, 1819, vii. pp. 116, 175-6, 362. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 475 (article by A. J. L. Jourdan, who gives a good list of his works). Biographic Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 442 ; no date, xxxiv. p. 124 (by Weiss). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. P- 393- Colangelo, Storia dei Filosqfi e dei tnatematici Napolitani, Napoli, 1833-34. Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathematiques en Italic, 1841, iv. pp. 108, 303, 399. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 102- 106 ; 1869, ii. pp. 96-100. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 362 ; 1845, iii. p. 241 ; 1847, iv. pp. 70, 71, 86, 132, 152, 199, 202. E. M. Oettinger, Bibliographic biographique, Leipzig, 1850, p, 536. Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Liierdr- geschichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 893, 894-6, Si passim. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 461, 465. E. H. F. Mayer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857, iv. p. 438. Knight, The English Cyclopaedia, Biography, 1857, iv. col. 942. Nouvelle Biographic Gtne'rale, 1862, xl. col. 841. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 504. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 122. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Vblkcr, 1886, iv. p. 612 (by Pagel). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 514. Ferguson, 'Notes on Books of Secrets,' Trans- actions of the Glasgow Archaological Society, 1883, ii. pp. 191, 252 ; New Series, 1894, vol. ii. p. 389- PORTZIUS (JOHANN DAVID). Vini Rhenani in specie Bacharacensis Anatomia Chymica, ex novis principiis potius principiatis acido & alcali resoluta in qua pauca de Terra, Vite, Uva Musto, Vino, ejusq; Spiritu, Tartataro (sic\ tandemque Aceto brevibus 218 PORTZWS—POSTHIUS PORTZIUS QOHANN DAVID). Continued. tractantur, suosque in usus rediguntur; a Job. Davide Portzio, Bacharaco- Palatino, Phil. & Med. Doct. Heydelbergae Impensis Joh. Petri Zubrodt. M.DCLXXII. 12°. Pp. [lo] 84. Portzius, or Portius, was a native of Bacharach, in the Palatinate, studied at Padua under Pietro de Marchettis, and in Leyden under Jan van Hoorne, where he was a doctor of philosophy and of medicine, which last degree he took at Leyden. He afterwards practised with distinction in various places in Germany, and wrote his books. He lived towards the end of the eighteenth century, but the dates of his birth and death are not given. The present book is reviewed in the Philosophical Transactions, 1673, No. 93, p. 6019. A new edition is said to have been printed in Holland in 1673, 'DUt if it be a reprint it has a different title : Bacchus enucleatus, hoc est, examen vini Rhenani ejusque tartari spiritus, aceti &c. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 569. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 544. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1714; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Er- gdnzungen, 1819, vi. col. 686. Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iii. p. 561. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 567. Leeuwaarden, 1673, 8° ; and again : Bacchus enucleatus, sive, examen vini Rhenani, imprimis Baccaracensis anatomia chymica, Leovardiae, 1674, 12°. As I have not seen these reprints, I can say nothing about them. Mangel apparently regards the 1672 and 1673 editions as being of the same book. Other works by him are : Catalogus van een vylmuntent en overheerlyk cabinet van Petrefacta, Amsterd. 1754 (?), 8°. Demonstratio, medico-chyrurgica de turnoribus et in specie de TraiSapdpoKaK^, . . . Leeuwaarden, 1679, 12° ; Naples, 1727, 4° ; in English, London, 1706, 8°. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1778, iii. p. 6n. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. p. 326. (Haller gives both titles as if the Heidel- berg and Leeuwaarden editions were different books. ) Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 482. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerite aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 614. POSTHIUS (JOANNES). Schatzkammerlein der Gesundheit, 1628. See HILDANUS (WILHELM FABRICIUS). This is a collection of maxims in verse aboul eating, drinking, sleeping, and so on, for the preservation of health, commented on by Hildanus. Posth, or Poslhius, afterwards distinguished as an anatomist, was born in 1537 (1533?) at Ger- mersheim, in the Palatinate, studied letlers and philosophy al Heidelberg, and look the degree of M.A. in 1558. He Ira veiled in Germany and Italy, was shipwrecked in the Adriatic, lived at Montpellier, and in 1567 took the degree of M.D. at Valence, in Dauphin^. He setlled at Antwerp, and as physician accompanied the troops raised by the Low Countries against Alba. In 1568 he was at Wiirzburg, and acted as physician to the Prince Boissardus, /cones Virorum Illustrium, 1597, i. pp. 11-16 ; 1598, ii. pp. 74 (brilliant portrait) -82. Adami, Vitce Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, PP- 33I-338- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 299. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 660. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 663. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorutn, 1688, p. 1298, and plale 59. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum , 1731, II. i. p. 545. James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomiccc Speci- men, 1734, p. 161. Zedler, Universal- lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1801. Jakob Brucker, Ehren-tempel der Deutschen Gelehrsamkeit, 1747, p. 66 (with a fine portrait). Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 706. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1728 ; Rolermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz* ungen, 1819, vi. col. 730, Bishop. In 1583 he wenl to Heidelberg, and acted as private physician to Ihe Churfursl's adminislralor, Johann Casimir, and subsequenlly lo the Churfiirst, Frederick IV. From fear of Ihe plague in 1597 he fled lo Mosbach, but died there on 24 June, 1597, in the 64th year of his age, according to Hildanus, but the 6oth, according lo Douglas. He was Ihe aulhor of analomical and lilerary works, bul did nol engage al all in chemislry. He is highly praised as a learned, skilful, and widely celebraled philosopher and physician by Hildanus, in the preface to the presenl book. His poems, Parerga poetica, Basil., 8°, are rare. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1755, ii. p. 299; 1778, iii. p. 614. Portal, Histoire de FAnatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 122. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild- nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i. P- 348 ; 1777. ii- P- 291- J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historian Medicince litterariam, 1786, p. 124. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 216, 217, § 188. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 484. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, in. pp. 63, 82, 84, 105. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 617. Allgemelne Deutsche Biographie, 1888, xxvi. P- 473- POTERWS 219 POTERIUS (PETRUS). Petri Poterii Opera Omnia Practica & Chymica, cum Annotationibus et Addita- mentis utilissimis pariter ac curiosis Friderici Hoffmanni, Filii, Hallensis, Medici Electoralis Brandenburgici, Philosophi & Professoris Medicinae Primarii in Academia Fridericiana. Accessit nova Doctrina De Febribus, ex Principiis mechanicis solide deducta. Cum indice locupletissimo. Franco- furti ad Moenum, Impensis Friderici Knochii, Bibliop. Typis Johannis Baueri. Anno M.DC.XCVIII. black. Pp. [20, including frontispiece], 882. Indices [26, 2 blank]. Title red and Portrait of F. Hoffmann as frontispiece. [Another Copy.] [Pharmacopoea Spagirica.] 8°. Pp. [6] 308. Index [12]. Wants the title-page. This book was published at Bologna, in 1622, edition. Inserted in it is a leaf (pp. 45-46) from 8°, and at Frankfurt, 1628, 8°, in two books. The the Bologna (?) edition of his 'Observationes.' present is almost certainly a copy of the Bologna Manes Poterianae. See ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). Pierre de la Poterie is called Pierre Potier by Jbcher, and Petrus Poter by Rotermund, Pierre Potier and Poterius by Eloy. He was a physician and chemist, a native of Anjou. Early in the seventeenth century he went to Italy, and settled there, and in spite of his youth — he was barely 20 — gained esteem as a successful practi- tioner. He took up his residence at Bologna, was created a French councillor and Royal physician, was a strong supporter of spagyric remedies as against those then in fashion, and vaunted his ' antihecticum ' (antimony oxide containing tin) and other secret remedies of his own invention. He was one of the first to describe the method of Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 402. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 904. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 545 (review of his works from the A eta Lipsiensia). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 113. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 674. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1869. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 270. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1730 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- uiigen, 1819, vi. col. 735. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild- nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108. Moehsen, Beschreibiing einer Berlinischen Me- daillen-Sammlung, 1773, i. p. 146. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 296. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practice, 1777, ii. p. 444. making the Bologna stone. His works contain an account of remarkable cures, observations, and a treatise on fevers, besides the above. He was still living at Bologna in 1640, but is said to have been assassinated afterwards by a treacher- ous friend, Sancassani. De Febribus Libri II. et insignium curationum et singularium observationum centuriae tres, Venet., 1615; Bonon., 1622, 1643, 4°; Paris, 1647, 4°; Cent. I. and II. Colon., 1622-23, I2°- Opera, Lugd., 1645, 8°; 1653, 8°; Francof., 1666, 8°; and 1698, 4°, edited by Fridericus Hoffmann, as above. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 615. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 23. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 567, 592; 1778, ii. p. 4. ('Inventachemica/ed. Ettner). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 123. Biographie Mtdicak, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 485. Sprengel, Geschichte der Artneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 283. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 245 ; 1869, ii. p. 237. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, 'v- P- 42. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 210, 346, 499, 572. PoggendorfT, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 119. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. p. 617. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1888, xxvi. p. 781. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 545. 220 POTIER POTIER (MICHAEL). Novus Tractatus Chymicus, de vera Materia, veroq; Processu Lapidis Philoso- phici, quo pleniorem, planiorem atque fideliorem hactenus non vidit Mundus. Cui accessit sub calcem ut verum, ita sincerum de Fraternitate Rosese Crucis judicium. Haec omnia nuper ad amici cujusdam literas responsa, & mox subinde hoc publico typo dictse Fraternitati devote dicata a Michaele Potier, Give Dortmontano, Westphalorum. Editio prima. Adsit Amor. Absit Livor. Francofurti ad Moenum, Typis & sumptibus Hartmanni Palthenij, 1617. 8°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Besides the above, Kloss quotes editions : Francof., 1619, 1629, 8°, which makes it parallel with the work ' Philosophia Pura ' below. [Another Copy.] Philosophia Pura, qua non solum vera materia, verusque processus Lapidis Philosophici multo apertius, quam hactenus ab ullo Philosophorum, pro- ponitur ; sed etiam viva totius Mysterij revelatio filijs sapientiae offertur : quod typis nunquam visum, quamdiu stetit Mundus. Accessit sub calcem Judicium de Fratribus Roseae Crucis. Haec omnia hac Secunda Editione diligentissime recognita, ac plurimis in locis novis Responsionibus locupletata, ab autore ipso Michaele Potier, Give Dortmontano in Westphalia. Invidet Nemini Charitas. Francofurti, Typis Pauli Jacobi, Impensis Lucae Jennis. Anno M.DC.XIX. 8°. Pp. 214 [4 blank]. Lenglet Dufresnoy, followed by Schmieder, quotes apart, though he adds that it is probably identical editions of 1617 and 1629, but not this of 1619. with the others, which it doubtless is. The 1619 Gmelin quotes all three, but puts the 1619 edition and 1629 editions are quoted in the Missiv. Michaelis Potier Veredarius Hermetico-Philosophicus Lsetum et Inauditum Nuncium adferens ; id est, secreti Naturae secretissimi, de conficiendo nimirum lapide philosophico, personalem & vivam Revelationem veris veras sapientiae filiis, nunquam & nusquam ante hunc diem viso vel audito modo, fideliter & finaliter offerens. Novis ad quorundam literas & theses Respon- sionibus informatus, et ex civitate imperiali Essen in Westph. ablegatus, ab ipsomet Autore. Erubescit Veritas, nisi Abscondi. Francofurti Sumptibus Danielis & Davidis Aubriorum & Clementis Schleichii. Anno M.DC.XXII. 8°. Pp. L8] 263 [i]. This also has been converted into two separate keeps up this distinction, adds however that they works by Lenglet Dufresnoy : one called ' Vere- are probably identical. Schmieder maintains the darius ' and the other ' De conficiendo Lapide distinction without any correction. Philosophico,' both dated 1622. Gmelin, who Redivivi Michaelis Potier Philosophi Hermetici Apologia, contra Alchymistam Impostorem, qui philosophum hunc in arte lapidis philosophorum verum ac indubitatum, imposturae suspectum facere conatus est, fidem ut sibi apud rerum incautos pararet. Scriptum sane in arte hac divino-naturalissima adeo POTIER—POTT 221 POTIER (MICHAEL). Continued. clarum & apertum, quo clarius & apertius in hoc Europe theatrum prodijt nunquam, nee unquam par fidelis scripti exemplum ullibi terrarum visum est : quia turn materiam lapidis philosophic! veram & immediatam exhibet, turn verum cum ista materia procedendi modum ; adeoque fontem auri & argenti, imb & sanitatis uberrimum fideliter offert; a veris verae artis inquisitoribus jamdiu desideratissimum. Augustissimo et Invictissimo Romanorum Impera- tori Ferdinando II. nee non Potentissimo Regi Hungarise et Bohemia? Ferdinando Ernesto, Archiduci Austria? Imperatoris Ferdinandi II. Filio ac Haeredi, devotissime dicatum & consecratum ab ipsomet Authore Michaele Potier, Philosopho Hermetico dogmatico, vero ac fundamentali. Veritas patefacta triumphat. Francofurti, Cura & Sumptibus Auctoris. In anno Ipso, In qVo Ipso saplente IVDICe, trlVMphablt Ipsa Veritas. 4°. Pp. [n, i blank] 131 [i blank]. At the end is another chronogram : In anno Ipso, In qVo DeVs benlgne CaVsaM tVebatVr Insontls. The chronogram is 1631. Lenglet Dufresnoy boast of his knowledge of the secrets of the art, enters apparently an edition of 1630 under the title : but could never be brought to give proofs of it. 'Apologia Hermetico philosophica,' but that of He ended his life, it is said, in the greatest poverty 1631 as ' Redivivi Apologia contra impostorem and neglect, early in the seventeenth century. Alchimistam.' Gmelin also makes this distinction. Besides the preceding works he was the author It is possible that they are different, or there may of the following : be merely a difference in the title-page. Schmieder Compendium Philosophorum in Comitem Trevis- mentions the edition of 1630 only. anum . . ., Francof., 1610, 12°. Potier was apparently a Frenchman. For many Fons Chytnicus, Colon. , 1637, 4°. years he travelled over the whole of Europe, and Philosophia Chymica, Francof., 1648, 4°. finally settled in Dortmund. His vanity and Vera inveniendi lapidem philosophicum methodus reticence are displayed in his works. He made a contra Alchimistas. Van der Linden, De Scripti s Medicis libri duo, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Ckemie, 1785, 1637, p. 364. pp. 299, 524, 602, 606. Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 189. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, Gottingen, 1797, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, Norimb. , 1686, i. pp. 504-5, 523, 524 and notes, 560. p. 820. Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), vi. p. 485. Geneva;, 1731, II. i. p. 546. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, Halle, 1832, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic p. 358. Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 387, 478 ; iii. pp. 269-270. Hoefer, Histoire de la CAimie, 1843, ii. p. 331 ; Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, Leipz., 1869, ii. p. 323. 1751, iii. col. 1730. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 117. No. 2500. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- conim chronologic us, 1761, p. 553. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild- Kopp, Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, 1886, i. p. nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108. 236 ; ii. pp. 332, 333, 344-5, 385, 391. Moehsen, Beschreibung ciner Berlinischen Me- Dictionnaire Encyclope'dique des Sciences Midi- daillen-Sammlung, 1773, i. p. 146. cales, 2eme Se'rie, 1888, xxvi. p. 781. Missiv an die kocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 77. POTT QOHANN HEINRICH). D. Johannis Henrici Pott Prof. Chym. und Mitgleid der Konigl. Academic der Wissenschaften Chymische Untersuchungen welche fiirnehmlich von der Lithogeognosia oder Erkantnifs und Bearbeitung der gemeinen einfacheren Steine und Erden ingleichen von Feuer und Licht handeln. Potsdamm, Bey Christian Friedrich Vofs. 1746. 4°. Pp. [8] 88. D. Johannis Henrici Pott Fortsetzung derer Chymischen Untersuchungen, welche von der Lithogeognosie, oder Erkantnifs und Bearbeitung derer Steine und Erden specieller handeln. Berlin und Potsdam, bey Christian Friedrich Vofs. 1751. 4°. Pp. [8] 120. 222 POTT—PO YSELIUS POTT (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued. Pott was born at Halberstadt in 1692, where his father was Prussian councillor and canonicus. He was educated at the Cathedral school there and at Halle, and in 1709 entered the University. He first studied theology, but afterwards turned to medicine, in which he graduated in 1716. He then went home, but in 1719 again went to Halle and thence to Berlin. Almost on his arrival he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences, which, later on, he left, on account of violent disputes with some of his colleagues. On the foundation of {he Collegium Medico-chirurgicum he was appointed professor of theoretical chemistry, and after Neu- mann's death he held also the post of teacher of practical chemistry and director of the royal phar- maceutical establishment. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermftique, 1742, i. pp. 417, 486 ; iii. p. 271. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 324. Nouveaux Mtmoires de I'Acade'mie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres, Annte 1777, Berlin, 1779, pp. 55- 65 (61oge by Formey). BauTier, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 57 ('Vir in chemicis exercitatissimus, et fide dignissimus fuit1). Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 372, 373, § 290. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 350, 407, 468-70, 603, 605-10; 1799, iii. p. 54. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litterattir, 1806-08, pp. 232, 238, 246, 263-64, 273, 287, 292, 295- 324. 326, 340, 344- Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver- storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1810, x. pp. 507-510. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 746 (and references). He died 20 (29) March, 1777. He was one of the most distinguished chemists of his time, especially for his researches on the effects of high temperatures upon mineral substances. There was a second continuation of the above, Berlin, 1754, 4°, and a new edition of the whole, Berlin, 1757, 4°. His experiments on minerals appeared in French : Lithogeognosie ou Examen Chymique des Pierres et des Terres en ge'ne'ral . . ., Paris, 1753, 12°, pp. viij, 431 (i blank), with a plate ; continuation, 1753, 12°, pp. 267 (5) ; and his collected works, trans- lated by Demachy : Dissertations chymiques . . ., Paris, 1759, 4 vols., 12°, i. pp. xxiv, 576 ; ii. pp. [6] 386 ; iii. pp. [6] 590 ; iv. pp. vj, 536. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 486. Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 530 ; no date, xxxiv. p. 197. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1825, v. P- 33- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 408- 411 ; 1869, ii. pp. 401-404. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 205- 208, &c., &c. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 533, 578, 579, 596, 611, 636, 638, 693, 714. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- vuorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1866, xl. col. 901. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen aus der Berliner Vergangenheit , 1882, pp. 24, 69. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1888, xxvi. p. 486 (by Ladenburg). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 546. POYSELIUS (ULRICH). Spiegel der Alchimey. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 60. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 86. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 277. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 214. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 86. Ein Particular Augmentation des Golds. See CHYMIPHILUS (j. J.), Der wahren chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung, 1720 p. 169. than a possessor of the lofty truth, so that it is of no use.' The above is the only writing ascribed to Poy- selius by the authorities, but Georg Phaedro in his 'Vindication ' quotes a book by the ' noble honour- able Ulrich Poifsel ' : De summo philosophorum ovo, sive termino, but whether that is another book or merely another title, I am unable to say. According to the title Poyselius was a priest at the Bavarian Court, possessed the 'true stone of the Philosophers, ' and wrote the present tract. He died in the year 1471, and was buried at Mannfs- minster in the old Palatinate. Fictuld says he lived in the year 1471, though everybody else says he died that year ; ' he gave a wretched philosophical tractlet to the world, from which anyone can see that he was more of a sophist Georg Phaedro, Verantwortieng, 1566, sign. Dj verso. Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 559. Borrichius, Conspectvs Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 28, No. xxxix. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 117, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 132. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. mo. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 354. PRACTICA— PR&POSITUS 223 PRACTICA. See (LULLIUS) RAYMUNDUS. For works bearing this name see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 348. PRACTICA ad discipulum. See ODOMARUS. PRACTICA Leonis Viridis, das ist: Der rechte vnd wahre Fussteig zu dem Koniglichen Chymischen HochzeitSaal F. C. R. Neben einem Anhang vnnd explication zweyer Tage der Chymischen Hochzeit, alien Liebhabern der Kunst zu gute an Tage gegeben, vnd in Druck verfertiget, Durch C. V. M. V. S. Gedruckt, In vorlegung Johan Thiemen. Im Jahr M.DC.XIX. 8°. Pp. [2] 132. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Hermdtique, 1742, in. p. 101. (He gives the title p. 605 ('a rare little book !'). in French, for apparently he had not seen the Murr> jjter den. vjahren Ur sprung der Rosen- ongmal, and he says he did not know either the kreuzer und des Freimaurerordens. 1803, p. 54. place or date of printing.) KlosSt Bibliographit der Freimaurerei, 1844, Mtssiv an die Bruderschaft des Ordens des Gold- j^o 2583 enen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 48. ('Few know, Ladrag'ue, Bibliothlque Ouvaroff, Sciences fewer have seen this altogether rare tract. ) Secretes 1870 No. 1545. PRACTICA vera alkimica. See ORTHOLANUS. PRACTICA vom Universal oder gebenedeyten Tinctur Stein der Alten Weisen, Rythmice gestellt. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 307. PRACTICE of Lights, or an Excellent and Ancient Treatise of the Philosophers- Stone. See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 27. PR^tPOSITUS (NICOLAUS). Dispensarium magi || stri Nicolai Preposi || ti ad aromatarios.|| S. 1. a. & typ. nom. ; folio. Sigs. a-k in eights, 1-n in sixes, n vj blank ; or, ff. xcvii, i blank. Double columns. 57-58 lines. Gothic letter. Title, f. i, without number or signature; f. ii, with sig. aij, begins: Prologus II Nicolai prepositi dpctoris || medici clarissimi Isagoge siue||introductiones in artem apote || canatus incipiunt.|| F. xciii verso, col. 2 : Finit Nicolai prepositi doctoris || medici clarissimi ysagogaru siue introdu- 1| ctionu in arte apotecariatus opusculu3. || f. xciiii recto, with sig. n ij to f. xcvii verso, Tabula. At the end : Finis tabule II Laus deo || followed by the Registrum. With the exception of the reading ' introduc- But the best evidence goes to prove that he was tionum' for Hain's 'introductorium,' and 57-58' NicolausSalernitanus, or of Salerno, surnamed Prse- lines for Hain's 58 lines, the above corresponds positus, because he was head of that great medical with Hain's No. '13325, and was printed late in school. He wrote a work entitled ' Antidotarium the fifteenth century. parvum," which accompanies the works of Mesue, The accounts of this person are so vague, and Venice, 1589, 1623, but, so far as I have ascer- are so irreconcilable with each other, that it is tained, was not printed in the fifteenth century. He plain the historians have hardly any facts to go was born or flourished in the early part of the upon. He has been called Nicolaus Alexandrinus twelfth century, and was about a hundred years and put in the sixth century ; he has been identified earlier than Myrepsus, so that he could not have with Nicolaus Myrepsus in the thirteenth century ; adopted or adapted anything from that writer, as he has been called a physician at Tours at the end has been alleged. of the sixteenth century and expressly distinguished Though passing under his name the present from Nicolaus Salernitanus. treatise is not by him, but, according to Choulant, 224 PRAEPOSITUS— PRE TIOSA PR/EPOSITUS (NICOLAUS). Continued. is a production of the fifteenth century, as appears by the authors quoted. It is said to be compiled from the work of Praspositus and Mesue. The present treatise, under varying titles, was repeatedly printed ; and the following editions, besides the two printed before 1500, are enumerated : Lugd., 1505, 1512, 1532, 1536, 1537 (edited by Mich, de Capella). Ingoldstadt, 1541 ; Venet., 1543. Basil., 1549 (by Leonhard Fuchs). Lugd., 1550, 1567, 1582. Venet., 1602. Francof., 1625, 1626. Norimb., 1658. Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617, p. 134 (identifies Myrepsus and Praspositus). Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 374. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 661 (says he compiled an epitome of Myrepsus). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 842; p. 640 (under Mesue). Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 374 (places Myrepsus earlier than Praepositus). Bayle, Dictionaire historiqut et critique, 1730, iii. p. 805. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 547 (seems to regard him as the same person as Myrepsus). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 102 (note a). Theophilus Sincerus (i.e. Geprg Jacob Schwin- del), Bibliotheca Historico-Critica Librorum . . . rariorum, Nlirnberg, 1736, p. 189, No. Iviii. (Dis- pensatorium ad Aromatorios, Lugd., 1505). Theophilus Sincerus, Thesaurus Bibliothecalis, Norimbergae, 1739, iv. p. 50, No. xxiii. (Dispen- sarium ad Aromatorios, Lugd., 1512). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 675 (follows Conring). Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxix., col. 73. Repertorium der seltenen Schriften, 2tes Stiick, p. 72. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1743 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 782. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 166, 168 ; 1772, ii. p. 638. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 113. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1776, i. p. 324. Torbern Bergman, Dissert atio Gradualis sistens ChemicE Progressus a Media Sac. VII. ad Medium Scec. XVII., Upsaliae [1782], p. 9. (He quotes Sincerus, who quotes the 1505 and 1512 editions, said he could find nothing about the author. I have not been able to do more than verify and confirm Sincerus' result. By several authorities he has been entirely overlooked. Another work, which is said to bear his name, is the Latin translation of the Antidotarium of Myrepsus, which he composed in Greek in the thirteenth century. Under any circumstances Prae- positus could not have been the author of that book. It would seem, therefore, as if it had been a habit to affix his name to a pharmaceutical treatise so as to give it authority. 'Nicolaus Prevost, Medicus Touronensis,' who wrote an Antidotarium, Lugd., 1505, in 4°. By Prevost is probably meant Praepositus, at least Wiegleb has so transcribed it in his translation.) Reprinted in Opuscula Physica et Chemica, 1787, iv. p. 97 ; English translation, 1791, p. 107. Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und mittlern Zeit, 1792, pp. 150-151. (Wiegleb, fol- lowing Bergman, distinguishes between Nicolaus of Salerno and Nicolaus Praspositus of Tours, who lived at the end of the fifteenth century.) Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1796, iv. p. 180, No. 1004 (s. 1. & a.); 1799, vii. p. 282, No. 61 (Lyons, 1505); p. 301, No. 210 (Lyons, 1512); 1801, ix. p. 515, No. 347 b (Lyons, 1517). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 24-25. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 17. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. pp. 498 (Nicolaus of Salerno, not to be confused with Nicolaus Alexandrinus, pp. 334, 335). Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1838, II. ii. Nos. *i3324, *i3325. Choulant, Handbuch der Bucher-Kunde der a Item Medicin, 1841, pp. 282-291. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 348 ; 1866, i. p. 367. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 126, 180; 1849, ii. p. 109. De Renzi, Collectio Salernitana, 1852, i. p. 217. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 394, 395. 4°4- Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1856, iii. pp. 382, 459- 5o6. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 480, 666, 849; 1 88 1, ii. p. 967. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 368 (calls him ' Nicolaus Salernitanus '). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix., p. 933. PRAXIS Universalis magni Operis, ex Raymundo. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 248. PREPARATION of the Philosophers Stone. See BRIEF (A) Preparation of the Philosophers Stone. PRETIOSA Margarita. See BONUS (PETRUS). See LACINIUS (JANUS). Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 128. PRE TIOSISSIM1—PR1ESTLE Y 225 PRETIOSISSIMI Arcani Arcanorum et Philosophorum Magisterii Verissima ac Purissima Revelatio. See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688. PRIESTLEY (JOSEPH). Letter to Richard Kirwan, Esq. See SCHEELE (CHARLES WILLIAM), 1780, p. 250. Dr. Priestley was born near Leeds 13 March, 1733. His schooling was rapidly acquired; he showed considerable aptitude for languages and a taste for natural science. Later on his studies ran in two distinct lines— one, theology, philosophy, and politics ; the other, physics and chemistry. His career was a chequered one. He was a preacher, a schoolmaster, librarian to a nobleman and tutor of his sons, and a keen student and con- troversialist in theology and philosophy. His views on these subjects, or his advocacy of them, rendered him unpopular as a preacher and as an individual almost all his life through, and the growing dislike culminated at last in the burning of his house and chapel at Birmingham by a mob, from whose hands he himself had a narrow escape. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 68g (on Air). 718 (edition of Hartley on the Mind). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 256, 270-76. &c., &c. Aikin, 'Sketch of the life and character of Dr. Priestley,' Monthly Magazine, May, 1804, pp. 355- 363- Der Biograpk, Halle, 1804, iv. p. 220. (Notifi- cation of his death at Northumberland, U.S.A., 5 Feb.. 1804, aged 71 nearlv: 'a man of unblem- ished character, who however had so excited the hatred of the people that he left England and settled in America.') The Philosophical Magazine, 1805, xxii. pp. 166- 171. with a portrait. Cuvier, Mi 'moires de Vlnstitut des Sciences, I-ettres et Arts. Sciences Mathtmatiques et Phv- siqnes, 1806, vi. pp. 29-58. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 302, 456, 474, 540 (calls him John instead of Joseph). Edinburgh Review, 1807. ix. No. xvii. pp. 136- 161 (review of Cooper's ' Life '). Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, The Philosophical Transactions . . . from 1665 to . . . 1800, abridged, London, 1809, xii. p. 510 note. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Apn. iv. p. Iii, June 12, 1766. Thomson, Annals of Philosophy, 1813, i. pp. 8r- 89. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816. xxv. pp. 207-307. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers aJlgemeinem GeJehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 907-916 (list of 145 writings). Bieigraphie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 405. Biographie Universelle* 1823, xxxvi. p. 83 ; no date, xxxiv. pp. 352-356 (article by Cuvier). Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (Authors), ii. 776.f-777>fr. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. pp. 25, 38, 130. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 18 i, ii. pp. 1-25. Cuvier, Histoire des Progres des Sciences Natur- ellf!. 1894, \. p. 64. II. 1 Not finding any sympathy after this from his countrymen, he followed his sons to America in 1795, and settled at Northumberland, a hundred and thirty miles from Philadelphia, where he died 6 Feb., 1804. Even in America, it is said, the feeling which had displayed itself so strongly in this country had begun to show evidences of vitality. The theological controversies which he carried on are now forgotten, but his scientific discoveries must necessarily remain. He was a clever experi- menter, and successful in getting positive results ; but whether from bent of mind or want of training, or both, he lacked the power or the patience to work out the inferences to which his discoveries led. If Priestley does not stand in the first rank, his great versatility must bear a large part of the blame. The Georgian Era, 1834, iii. pp. 189-198. Dumas, Lecons sur la Philosophie chimique, 1837, p. 101 ; 1878, p. 109 ; Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, p. 89. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 479- 493 ; 1869, ii. pp. 472-487- Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 236- 244, &c., &c. Brougham, Lives of Men of Letters and Science who flourished in the time of George III., 1845, i. pp. 402-408, & passim, with a portrait ; Works, I. Lives of Philosophers of the Reign of George III., 1855, pp. 68-90, &c., &c. (died 6 Feb., 1804, in his seventy-second year). Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, ii. pp. 51-54, 56, 66, 67. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 346, 614, 629, 647, 677, 687, 690, 691, 700, 712. Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography, 1857, iv. cols. 971-975- Cuvier, Recueil des eloges historiqucs, 1861, i. pp. 117-149. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 528. Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 136-170. Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1866, xli. cols. 27-35- Ladenburg, Vortrage Uber die Entwicklungs- geschichte der Chemie, 1869, p. 16. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuern Zeit, 1873, pp. 61-68, 163-165 (composition of the atmosphere), 185-189 (formation of water), &c., &c. T. H. Huxley, 'Address delivered on the occasion of the presentation of a statue of Priestley to the town of Birmingham, August i, 1874.' Macmillaris Magazine, Oct., 1874. Reprinted in Huxley's Science and Culture and other Essays, London, 1881, pp. 04-127. Kopp, Beitrdge sur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. p. 249 (formation of water). Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. pp. 1683-1687 (the different opinions on Priestley here collected arc interesting and instructive). 226 PRIESTLEY— PROBIER PRIESTLEY (JOSEPH). Continued. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 593, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 649. 594, 967. Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894, M. M. Pattison Muir, Heroes of Science. Chem- pp. 28-52, 110-141. ists, 1883, p. 52. Ernst von Meyer, Geschichte der Chemie, 1895, Ed. Grimaux, Lavoisier, 1743-1794, 1888, passim. 2te Aufl., p. 106, &c. English translation, 1891, B. W. Richardson, 'Joseph Priestley, LL.D., p. 118, &c. F.R.S., and the discovery of vital air — oxygen gas'; Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvi. The Asclepiad, Lond., 1889, vi. pp. 51-76, with a pp. 357-371 (life, &c., by A. Gordon) ; pp. 371-6 portrait. (science by P. J. Hartog). Berthelot, La Revolution chimique, Lavoisier, Ramsay, The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1896, 1890, passim. p. 70, with a portrait. PRIM A (De) Materia Lapidis Philosophorum. See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 465. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 192. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 700. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 708. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, part ii. p. 15. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 360. PRINCIPIIS (De) Naturalibus et de principiis artis Chemicse Liber. See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5X7- See HERMETISCHES Museum, 1785, iii. p. 151. Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes : Liber de Principiis Naturae et Artis Chimise in 12. Geismarire, 1647, which presumably is the same book. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic (condemns it as a sophistical hash out of other HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 271. writings, and without either a beginning or an end). Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. "• P- IX7 PRINCIPIIS (De) Naturae et Artis Aureus Liber. See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1706, p. I. See AUREUS LIBER. This is a translation of the foregoing. PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets, plainly discovering the first matter of the Philosophers. See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 41. PROBIERBUCH. See ZIMMERMANN (SAMUEL). PROBIER Biichlein auff Goldt, Silber, Ertz vnnd Methal, mit vil kostlichen Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu dienstlich. Mehr des Goldfarbens besondere Kunststiicklin. Item ein Erklarung der Bergknamen, fiir die neuwen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles mit sonderm fleifs fiir die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Getruck zu Franckfort am Main, 1574. 8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i], [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette and 2 woodcuts. Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Meyn, Bey Christian Egenolffs Erben, In Verlegung D. Adami Loniceri, M. Johannis Cnipij, vnd Pauli Steinmeyers, Im jar nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlosers, M.D.LXXIIII. Several works on assaying are enumerated by editions of the present work, and a much enlarged Leupold, and among these are the 1574 and 1608 edition, Nurnberg, 1706, 8°. Jacob Leupolds Prodromns Ribliotheca metallica, 1732, p. 114. [Another Copy.] PROBIER—PROCESSUS 227 PROBIER. Buchlein auff Goldt, Silber, Ertz vnnd Methal, mit vil kostlichen Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu dienstlich. Mehr defs Goldtfarbens besondere Kunstucklin. Item ein erklarung der Bergknamen, fur die neuwen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles mit sonderm fleifs fiir die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Gedruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, 1580. 8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i], [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette of furnaces, 3 woodcuts of furnaces and muffles. Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, Bey Christian Egenolffs Erben, In verlegung Adami Loniceri, Johannis Cnipij, Doctor vnnd Pauli Steinmeyers, Im jar nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlosers. M.D.LXXX. PROBIER Buchlein auff Gold, Silber, Ertz vnd Metall, mit viel kostlichen Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller Zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu dienstlich. Mehr defs Goldfarbens besondere Kunst Stiicklin. Item ein Erklarung der Bergknamen, fur die newen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles mit sonderm Fleifs fur die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Caes. Maiest. 1608. Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Sigismundo Latomo, in verlegung Vincentij Steinmeyers. 8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i] [i blank]. Title red and black. Altar as vignette. Woodcuts of furnaces and muffles. Colophon, f. [79] : Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, durch Sigismundum Latomum, in Verlegung Vincentij Steinmeyers, Im Jahr Christi, M.DC.VIII. This is a reprint of the 1580 edition. PROBIERBUCHLIN. See SCHREITTMANN (CIRIACUS). PROBIER-KUNST. See KURZE und deutliche Vorstellungen der edlen Probier-Kunst, 1718. Zwey rare Chymische Tractate darinnen . . . alle Geheimnisse der Probier- Kunst . . . gar deutlich gezeiget werden . . . 1717. See BEUTHER (DAVID). PROBLEMA Chymicum. See PAYKULL (OTTO ARNOLD VON), 1719. PROCESS (Ein) auff den Lapidem Philosophorum, aufs einem gar alien Buchlein eines Scriptoris Anonymi. See MOLLER (FRIEDRICH), Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymiae, 1618, Sig. Dij. PROCESSUS Chemici Aliquot. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 755. PROCESSUS Lapidis Philosophorum ex Mercuric Corporis. See BERNARDUS TREVISANUS. PROCESSUS ad Lapidem Philosophorum, Monachi cuiusdam anonymi. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, pars prima, 1608, p. 79. PROCESSUS pro tinctura auff den Mercurium Solis und Lunae. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 123. 228 PROCESSUS— PROSPECTUS PROCESSUS. Continued. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi, P- '95- See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 256. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 195. PROMPTUARIUM Alchemic. See TANCKE (JOACHIM). PROPOSITIONES. Propositiones seu maximae artis Chymicae. See ARTIS AURIFERAE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. sign, a 5 recto. Propositiones maximae, seu Satzungen der Gold-Kunst oder Chemiae Artis. See HILDENBRANDT (PAULUS), Auriferas Artis, . . . Uhralteste Authores, 1608 sign. Avij. recto. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. sign. ):( v. recto ; 1750, i. sign. X X '• recto. Propositiones oder Satzungen der Goldtkunst. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 427. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 427. The preceding are thirteen propositions or maxims about the material suitable for ' the great work of philosophers,' and are different from the following. Propositiones xxn. in quibus veritas totius artis Chemiae brevissime com- prehenditur. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 577. PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS GALENICO-CHYMICUS. Prospectus Pharmaceutici Editio Secunda, sub quo Antidotarium Mediolanense Galeno-Chimicum Excellentissimi Senatus lussu, ac Spetiali Ven. Collegij Nobilium Physicorum dictae Ciuitatis ordine olim demandatum loanni Honorato Castillioneo Regio Protophysico Patri, nunc vero Brandae Francisci Castillionei a Monterutio, Filij, pariter Physici Collegiati, Caesarei Comitis Palatini, Almi Collegij Castillionei erecti in Ciuitate Papiae Administratoris, in Illustrissimo Sanitatis Magistratu Conseruatoris perpetui, ac Regij, & Ducalis Protophysici Generalis in toto Mediolani Dominio opera, studio, & labore nouiter emendatum, auctum, & in tres partes diuisum ; Quarum prima com- plectitur regulas, & tempora Pharmacopolis aptiora ad disponenda ea, quae ad eorum Officinas conferunt, cum exacta Ponderum, ac Mensurarum vsualium designatione : Synonymum Alphabeticum ad vberiorem intelligentiam diuer- sarum denominationum quorumdam Simplicium : Praeparationes turn generates Pharmaciae, turn peculiares aliquarum Drogarum, Simplicium, Mineralium, nee non & plurium Medicamentorum Galenicas descriptiones ex Veterum, & Recentiorum Auctorum editionibus excerptas continet, additis pariter sin- gulorum facultatibus, dosi, duratione, ac distincta componendi methodo. Secunda. Mantissam Chimicam Spagiricam Nicolai de Lemmery Physici Parisiensis Celeberrimi e Gallico in Italicum traductum. Frequentiores, & selectiores in re Medica Chimicas Praeparationes, componendi modum, facultates, & dosim. PROSPECTUS— PRUGGMA YR 229 PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS GALENICO-CHYMICUS. Continued. Tertia. Tractatus de Tinctura Coralliorum, Alkaest, & Auro Potabile, China Chinas, Herba The, Caphe, & Cocolate, quibus accessere Discursus de nonnullorum Mineralium, Gemmarum, Lapidum, Drogarum, Aromatum, & Simplicium, Origine, Natura, & Cognitione : pro vt & de Compositis, & Forma imbalsamandi Humana Corpora; & vltimb de Fuels, alijsque ad Corporis ornatum facientibus. Opus Medicis, Chimicae Studiosis, Chirurgiae Pro- fessoribus, & Pharmacopolis perquam vtile, & necessarium. Mediolani, M.DC.LXXXXVIII. Ex Typographia Caroli losephi Quinti ad Plateam Mercatorum. Superiorum permissu. Fol. Pp. [44] 484. Engraved title extra. Pars Secunda. Lemery, Corso di Chiniica, or Mantissa Chyniica Spagyrica, pp. [34] 216. Plate of apparatus. Wants pp. 171-4. Pars Tertia. Tractatus de Tinctura, [2 blank] 3-118 [2 blank]. PRUGGMAYR (MARTIN MAXIMILIAN). Scrutinium Philosophicum de vero Elixire Vitae, seu Genuine Auro Potabili Philosophic©, quo non solum omnes humani corporis morbi quondam sana- bantur, veriim & immunda, ac leprosa corpora metallorum curabantur. Opus non minus utile, quam necessarium omnibus artis Hermeticae filijs, in quo docetur, quid scire, quidque vitare debeat verus Philosophiae Chemicae Studiosus : ubi quoque exacte potissima enucleantur, quae circa praeparationem Auri Potabilis Philosophici necessario sunt observanda, neque quidquam dictum reperitur, quin perspicue, succincte, & ad oculum ex genuinis Philoso- phorum Adeptorum textibus comprobetur. Singulari studio, & industria non solum in gratiam Filiorum Hermetis ad intelligendos Philosophorum textus, verum etiam in emolumentum Celsissimorum Principum, & Magnatum ad evitandas Pseudo Alchymistarum fraudes, fugiendosque labores Sophistarum inutiles, cum ingenti bonorum jactura hactenus impensos, compilatum Authore Martino Maximil. Pruggmayr, Philos. & Medic. Doctore, Physico civitatis Graecensis Loimico, ac ibidem Practico. Cum Facultate Superiorum. Salisburgi, Sumptibus Joannis Baptistae Mayr, Typographi Aulico-Academici. 1687. 8°. Pp. [30] 146. Index [6]. Of Pruggmayr the notices are meagre. He was Miscellanea of the Academia Natura Curiosoruin, born at Voitsberg in Styria, and was a physician at of which society he was admitted a member, 29 Gratz : " Styrioe Ducat, et Civil. Groecensis Physi- May, 1690, with the name Parmenides. The date cus," says Manget ; and Haller calls him Physicus of his death is not given. in Styria. He wrote a few papers on medical The book is merely mentioned by Lenglet Du- topics, and some of them are contained in the fresnoy, Jocher and Gmelin. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Mtdicorum, Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785, 1731, II. i. p. 553. p. 638. (' The author himself commends his book Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie to all students of the hermetic art as absolutely Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 271. indispensable, and so it may be. Many have Jocher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. learned the preparation of the stone from it and col. 1795. practised it successfully.') Uiichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1788, iv. Ilistoria, 1755, p. 478, No. 180. p. 168. Missiv an die hocherleuchtcte BrUderschaft ties Gmelin, Gr \chichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28. Ordens des Goldenen und Kosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 122 (calls the ' Scrutiuium ' an extremely rare book). 230 PSSA UTIER—P YROPH1L US PSEAUTIER (Le) d'Hermophile. See HERMOPHILE. PUISIEUX (PHILLIPPE-FLORENT DE). See LEWIS (WILLIAM), Experiences physiques et chimiques, 1768. Puisieux was born at Meaux 28 Nov., 1713, was travels, arts and sciences, fiction, among the last 'avocat' of the Parliament at Paris, and did a being Roderick Random and Fielding's Amelia. great deal of translation from Latin, Italian, and The above work by Lewis is among the very last of English, sometimes under his own name, but for his numerous versions, for he died in October, the most part anonymously. The books treated of 1772. The British Museum copy consists of three various subjects — geography, gardening, medicine, volumes. Biographic Universelle, 1823, xxxvi. p. 305 ; no Nouvelle Biographie Gfatfrale, 1866, xli. col. 187 date, xxxiv. p. 520 (by Weiss). (says the book is in four volumes). Qu6rard, La France Litteraire, 1835, vii. p. 373. PURIS (CHRYSOGONUS DE). See CHRYSOGONUS DE PURIS. PUSTEUINEC (IUSTIN). L'Astrea Chirnica overo Sferza per gl' Alchimisti Sofistici, diuisa in quatro capitoli Nel primo si dimostra 1' origine, & cause che produssero tal falsa chimica. Nel secundo gl' occulti inganni che in questa s' essercitano. Nel terzo li errori che prendono gl' Alchimisti nel legger, & interpretar 1'opinioni, & sentenze de loro Auttori, & particolarmente di quelli lauorano con 1' oro, & argento viuo. Nel quarto si dimostra se si pub dare tal scienza appreso i veri Filosofi per sicura, & in che consista. Dedicata all' Illustrissimo, & Eccelentissimo Signer Marc' Antonio Giustinian Elleto Ambasciatore per la Serenissima Republica di Venetia in Francia. In Venetia per Francesco Valuasense 1665. Con licenza de' Superior!. 12°. Pp. 1 2O. As the dedication of the book is signed lustin than some others, and, though at the beginning of Pusteuinec, it is assumed that that is the author's his book he directs his criticism against ' sophists,' name. The book does not occur in the British later on he discourses with skill and sobriety on the Museum catalogue, so far as I have observed, and truth of the ' magistery ' and the ' portal of the I have found no mention of the author except by work.' Borrichius, who says he is more praiseworthy Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 46, No. Ixxvi. PYROPHILE. Entretien d' Eudoxe et de Pyrophile. See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique. PYROPHILUS. Das Fundament der Lehre vom Stein der Weisen, 1736. See KLEFEKER (DETLEF). Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316) p. 328) quotes Klefeker, but he was not aware of quotes Pyrophilus and his book, and (Ibid. , ii. the connection between them. QUADRATUM 231 QUADRATUM Alchymisticum : Das ist : Vier auserlesene rare Tractatgen vom Stein der Weisen, Speculum Sapientise, in welchem so wol die Sonnen- klahrheit von Jesu Christo, als auch die wahre Tinctur der Weisen gelehret wird : Centrum Naturae Concentratum, welches von dem Wiedergebohrnen Saltze der Philosophorum handelt : Discursus de Universali, worin viel Geheimnifs-volle Excerpta von der Universal Tinctur, und Medicin gesammlet vvorden. Abyssus Alchymise Explorata in welchem die Verwandelung der Metallen handgreiflich, und leichte von Thoma de Vagan, abgehandelt wird, zum Dienst der Kunst- und Weifsheit-liebenden Practicorum. Itzo heraus- gegeben, von Einem Liebhaber verborgener Kiinste. Hamburg, verlegts Christian Liebezeit. Druckts Philipp Ludwig Stromer, 1705. 8°. General Title, i leaf. Each tract has a separate title, and signatures, as well as pagination, as follows : Speculum Sapientiae. Das ist : Ein Buch des Geheimnisses vom Anfang der Welt, genannt : Der Himmlischen Sonnen-Klahrheit und Geheimnifs von unserm Herrn und Heiland Jesu Christo. Mit dem Anhang der Goldenen Practica. De Tinctura Lapidis Physicorum, welches beschrieben im Jahr 1672. den 27. Martij. Hamburg, verlegt Christian Liebezeit, Druckts Philipp Ludwig Stromer, 1705. 8°. Pp. 54, and picture of an Athanor [i] [i blank]. Centrum Naturae Concentratum. Oder : Ein Tractat. Von dem wiedergebohrnen Saltz. Insgemein und eigendlich genandt : Der Weisen Stein, in Arabischen geschrieben von All Puli, einem Asiatischen Mohren, darnach in Portugisische Sprache durch H. L. V. A. H. und ins Hochteutsche versetzt, und heraus gegeben von Johann Otto Helbig Rittern, Chur-Furstl. Pfaltzischen Rath, Leib-Medico, und bey der Heidelbergischen Universitat Professore Publico. Gedruckt im Jahre 1682. 8°. Pp. [2] 80. Symbolical engraving on p. 78. This contains : Discursus de Universali Martini freund, p. 61. Letztes Testament eines Vaters de Delle, p. 39. Discursus Philosophicus, p. 49. seinem liebsten Sohne hinterlassen, p. 68. Das Censura Hermetica, p. 56. Excerpta ex Libro gantze Schema oder Figur, p. 78. genandt : Amor Proximi, p. 58. Sebastian Sieben- Abyssus Alchymioe Exploratus (sic) : oder die lang-gesuchte und nunmehro gllicklich gefundene Verwandelung der Metallen, vermoge des Steins der Weisen, als des grossesten Geheimniisses, und Wunderwercks der nattirlichen Kunst und kiinstlichen Natur, umstandlicher und griindlicher, als sonsten jemahls von einem einigen Lapidisten geschehen ist, von Thoma de Vagan, einem Englischen Adepto, zum Nutzen der Philosophorum, zu Erweiterung der Metallurgie, und zum Trost derer, die da Knechte dieses Erbes seyn sollen, gezeiget und beschrieben. Hamburg, verlegts Christian Liebezeit, 1705. 8°. Pp. [8] 113 [S]. Stimulus Alchymisticus (in verse), pp. 107-113. Of this work Kopp quotes what appears to be an latter gives the title in Latin, and the date 1705, edition in Latin, Hamburg, 1705: Quadratum he adds 'en Allemand.' There is probably no alchymisticum, id est, quatuor tractatus de Lapide Latin edition. Philosophico, and one in German, 1707, but not The 'Abyssus Alchymiae Explorata' is a trans- the present German edition. lation of the ' Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis Kopp seems to have taken it from Lenglet Palatium,' by Eirenaeus Philaletha (q.v.). tor Dufresnoy, and not to have noticed that, while the Thomas de Vagan see VAUGHAN (Thomas). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 339. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 272. 232 Q UADRIGA—Q UA TTRAM1 QUADRIGA Aurifera. See BARNAUD (NICOLAS). For works of similar title, see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 340. QU^STIO an Lapis philosophorum ualeat contra pestem. See GRATAROLO (o.), Veroe alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 259. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. l8l. QUATTRAMI (EVANGELISTA). La Vera Dichiaratione di tutte le Metafore, Sitnilitudini, & Enimmi de gl' antichi Filosofi Alchimisti, tanto Caldei & Arabi, come Greci & Latini, vsati da loro nella descrittione, & compositione dell' Oro potabile, Elissire della vita, Quinta essenza, & Lapis Filosofico. Ove con vn breve Discorso della generatione de i metalli, & quasi di tutte 1' opere di natura, secondo i principij della Filosofia, si mostra 1' errore, & ignoranza (per non dir 1' inganno) di tutti gl' Alchimisti Moderni. Per Frate Evangelista Quattrami da Gubbio dell' Ordine Eremitano di S. Agostino, Semplicista, & distillatore dell' Illustriss. & Reuerendissimo Sig. Card, d' Este. Con Licenza de i Superiori. In Roma, Appresso Vincentio Accolti, in Borgo nouo 1587. 4°. Pp. [24] 230 [i, i blank] [22, 4 blank], Sig. Ii3 verso contains the Registro, device, and imprint. What little is known positively about this author is derived from his own books. He was a native of Gubbio, in Umbria, flourished at the end of the sixteenth century, was a doctor of theology, a monk of the order of Eremites of Saint Augustine, her- balist of Alfonso the last duke of Ferrara, botanist or herbalist and distiller of the Cardinal d'Este. He, therefore, pursued botany and chemistry for pharmaceutical purposes, very commonly practised at the time, as is plain from the number of extant books on distillation, like those of Ulstad, Bruns- wicke, Evonymus, Eremita and others. The present work is devoted, however, more to an exposure of the deceptions of the spurious alchemists than to chemical preparations. Besides it he wrote other two which may be mentioned. Tractatus perutilis atq. necessarius ad Theriacam, Mithridaticamq. Antidotum componendam, in quo habentur solutiones tot controuersiarum que^ inter celeberrimos viros adhuc viguere circa ea omnia e quibus Antidota ipsa conficiuntur, necnon & pene innumerabilium errorum fidelis declaratio in pub- licae vtilitatis gratiam. Ad serenissimum Alphon- sum II. Estensem, Ferrarie, &c. Ducem. Auctore Fratre Evangelista Quatramio Eugubinio, Ordinis Eremitarum Sancti Augustini, Sacrae Theologiae Doctore, atq; Serenissimi Ferrarise Ducis Simpli- cista. Ferrarife, Apud Victorium Baldinum, Typographum Ducalem. 1597. Veniaa Superiori- bus concessa. Small 4°, pp. [8] 184 [15, i blank]. Down to p. 132 the book is in Italian, Cap. i.-xi. ; to p. 182, cap. xii.-xxv. it is in Latin, and the conclusion and index are in Italian. The other work is as follows : Tractatus brevis de Prseservatione & Curatione Pestis. F. Evangelistoe Quattrami de Agubio, Ordinis Eremitani S. Augustini, Botanici Illustriss. & Reverendiss. Cardinalis Estensis, ad Reverendiss. Patrem Thadda;um Perusinum auctoritate Apos- tolici ejusdem Ordinis Vicarium generalem dignis- simum. Rome olim ante xxx. annoseditus. Jam verb ex Italico Latinus, opera & studio And. Hiltebrandi, Med. D. 1618. Lipsiae, Impensis Eliae Rehefeldt & Johannis Grosii. Small 8°, pp. [6] 94 [i, 3 blank]. Of the original Italian, which was apparently issued at Rome about 1588, I have seen no notice. For the translator, Hiltebrand of Stettin, see Witte, Diarii Biographici Tomus Secundus, 1691, p. 47, Anno 1637, and Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 1598. Notwithstanding the simplicity of the foregoing facts, the author's name has undergone so many modifications that confusion has arisen as to his individuality. The author's own version of his name seems plain enough, and Borrichius gives it in the same form, but, so far as I have observed, it is altered more or less by every one else. He is called Quattrammo or Quadrami de Agobio by Borel ; Jacobilli styles him Quadramnus, and this, which can hardly be anything but a misprint, is copied by Zedler, Jocher and Rotermund. Kestner hesitated between Quatrammus and Quadramnus. Lenglet Dufresnoy in his ' Table alphabetique ' gives Quatrammo or Quadramide, which is an amazing transformation of Borel's second form by some ignorant or blundering copyist. Gmelin and Schmieder call him Quadrammo, but in his index Gmelin has Quadramnio. In the British Museum Catalogue the form given is Quadramio, for which presumably there is authority. I have, however, found none for spelling the name with a ' d ' ; the author does not use it, and even in the Italian verses prefixed to the ' Tractatus perutilis ' the name is spelled ' Quattr'am'io.'the 'o' being added for the sake of the play upon the name. Great as is the confusion over the surname it is not so gratuitous or misleading as that over the Christian name. All are agreed about the name QUA TTRAMI—QUERCETANUS 233 QUATTRAMI (EVANGELISTA). Continued. Evangelista, but the title Frate, or Frater, con- tracted to Fr. or F. inaugurated a new series of divagations for which we are again indebted to Jacobilli. In one place, p. 99, he has the following entry : ' Evangelista Quadramnus Eugubinus Ord. Eremitarum s. Augustini, familiarip Alphonsi, vltimi Ferrariae Duels, edidit Dichiaratione cli tutte le Metamorfesi (sic), et Enigmi degli antichi Filosophi (sic) Alchimisti . . . Roniae an. 1587. De componenda Teriaca . . . Ferrariae an. 1597. De praeseruatione, & curatione pestis, in quo Bos- tannicus (sic) Cardinalis Estensis nuncupatur. Ferrariae an. 1598. Tractatum contra Alchimistas cum declaratione Metaphorarum Philosophorum Caldeorum, Arabicorum.Graecorum, & Latinorum,' which seems to be merely a Latin version of the first title. It will be noticed how ingeniously Jacobilli has fused the 'Metafore similitudini ' of the original into ' Metamorfesi ' in his transcript. Not content with this notice, he has another on p. 120, in which by a stroke of the pen he creates two new persons : Franciscus Quadramnius Eugu- binus Ord. Eremit. s. Augustini, edidit Botanicum de Peste, Lypsii an. 1618 in 8. The confusion here is unspeakable. Franciscus is F. or Fr. or may be even Frate, converted into a Van der Linden, De Serif its Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. i4I. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 191. Lodovico Jacobilli, Dibliotheca Umbrioe sive de Scriptoribus Provincice Umbrice, Fulginiae, 1658, pp. 99, 120. Lipenius, BUliotktca, realis medica, 1679, pp. 341 b, 450 b. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 264. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 45, No. Ixxv. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 556. Gtmdling, Historic der Gelahrheit, 1736, Theil iv. p. 5151 (this article is full of confusion, and in the Index the reference is to ' Quadramnus, Fran- ciscus '). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 685. proper name ; Quadraninius is a further develop- ment of the original misprint ; ' Bostannicus ' has it is true, been corrected, but, if it have any mean- ing at all in the present connection it seems to denote some author, Botanicus, whose treatise on the plague was published by Quadramnius ' Lypsiae,' even that name is not correctly copied, in 1618. Jocher has actually reproduced this fiction. He has entries under Quadramnus, both taken from Jacobilli, one under Evangelista, the other under Franciscus, both writing about the plague, both with the date 1618, and yet he does not notice the confusion. Franciscus wrote ' Botanicum de peste,' he says, and these double entries are re- peated by Rotermund. Schmieder goes a step farther, and assigns the present work to Francesco Quadrammo, misled probably by Gmelin's contraction Fr. Evangelista. From all which one conclusion is that Jacobilli is not a writer whose accuracy is to be depended upon. Boerhaave, however, has none of this blundering. He assigns the tract on the plague, Lips., 1618, to Evangelista Quattramius, and says there was an earlier edition in Italian at Rome about 1590. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 17. Lenglet Dufrcsnpy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 272. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. p. 878. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1824-25 ; Rptermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1819, vi. col. 1091. Haller, Bibliothcca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 390. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii. P- 325- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 298, 334 (bis). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 295. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ; 1869, ii. p. 126. J. Wood Brown, An Enquiry into the Life and Legend of Michael Scot, Edinburgh, 1897, p. 71. QUERCETANUS (JOSEPHUS). See AUBERT (JACQUES), De Metallorum ortu . . . explicatio, 1575. Josephi Quercetani Cons, et Medici Regii Ad Brevem Riolani excursum brevis Incursio. Marpurgi, Typis Pauli Egenolphi, Typogr. Acad. clo lo CV. 8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. Vignette. losephi Quercetani. M. D. Drey Medicinische Tractatlein. Das erste, ein kurtze Antwort auff Jacobi Auberti Vindonis Aufslegung, vora Vrsprung vnd Vrsachen der Metallen, wider die Chymicos. Das andere, von aufsfiihrlicher Eereitung der Mineralien, Thier, vnd Krauter Artzneyen, wie dieselben Spagyrisch vnd Kiinstlicher weifs, sollen zugeriistet vnd gebraucht werden. Das dritte, ein Biichsen-Artzneybtichlein, darinnen aufsfuhrlichen berichtet wird, wie man die Wunden Spagyrischer weifs curiren vnd heylen soil, welche 234 QUERCETANUS QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued. durch Fewerbuchsen geschossen vnd herkommen, auch von zuriistung der Artzneyen so man zu den geschossenen Wunden brauchen soil vnd mufs. Von weyland dem edlen, weitberiihmten, vnd hochgelehrten Herren Josepho Quercetano, M. D. Kon. May. in Franckreich Heinrich defs IV. Raht vnd Leib-Artzt, Lateinisch vnd Frantzosich (sic) beschrieben, an jetzo aber Teutscher Nation zum besten in die Teutsche Sprach vbergesetzet. Durch M. Thomam Kefslern, der Spagyrischen Kunst sonderbaren Liebhabern vnd Chymicum, Burgern zu Strafsburg. Strafsburg, In Verlegung Eberhardi Zetzners, Buch- handlers. Im Jahr M.DC.XXXI. 4°. Pp. [8] 96 (for 94); 1 17 [4, i blank]. Portrait of Quercetanus. The ' Biichsen- Tractatlein ' has a separate title-page and pagination, but the signatures run on. los. Quercetani Cons, et Medici Regii Liber de Priscorum Philosophorum verse medicinse materia, praeparationis modo, atque in curandis morbis, prsestantia. Deque simplicium, & rerum signaturis, turn externis, turn internis, seu specificis, a priscis & Hermeticis Philosophis multa cura, singulan'que industria com- paratis, atq; introductis duo tractatus. His accesserunt ejusdem los. Querce- tani de dogmaticorum medicorum legitima, & restituta medicamentorum praeparatione, libri duo. Itemque selecta quaedam consilia medica, clarissimis medicis Europseis dicata. Impensis Thomas Schureri & Barthol. Voigt. Anno M.DC.XIII. 8°. Pp. [21, i blank] 480 [2 blank]. Vignette, with the motto : Pax lusti et Honor Pietatis. Senebier quotes an edition, Geneva, 1603, 8°, for which see the note. losephi Quercetani Medici, Opera Medica : Scilicet, ad lacobi Auberti Vindonis de ortu & causis metallorum contra Chymicos explicationem, Breuis responsio. De Exquisita Mineralium, Animalium, et Vegetabilium medicamentorum Spagyrica pr^paratione & vsu, perspicua tractatio. Sclopetarius, siue, de Curandis vulneribus, quae sclopetorum & similium tormentorum ictibus acciderunt, Antidotarium Spagyricum aduersus eosdem ictus Liber singularis omnibus tarn Philosophis quam Medicis vtilis & necessarius. Francofurti ad Moenum, Sumptibus Laurentij Alberti, Bibliop. Lubec. Typis Hseredum Romani Beati. CID ID en. 8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 152, Index [15, i blank], Senebier quotes an edition of 1600, 8°. Ad lacobi Auberti Vindonis de Ortu et Causis Metallorum contra Chymicos Explicationem losephi Quercetani Armeniaci, D. Medici breuis Responsio. Eiusdem de Exquisita Mineralium, Animalium, & Vegetabilium medica- mentorum Spagyrica praeparatione & vsu, perspicua Tractatio. Lugduni, apud loannem Lertotium. M.D.LXXV. 8°. Pp. [16] 186 [13, i blank]. Vignette, with the motto : Omnibus sed paucis luceo. Responsio ad Aubertum, pp. 1-76. De Medicamentis spagyric£ prseparandis, pp. 76-186. QUERCETANUS 235 QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued. Ad lacobi Auberti Vendonis de ortu & causis metallorum contra Chemicos explicationem ; Ac primum ad ejus Epistolam convitiatoriam, qua Paracelsi- corum, quos vocat, nonnulla remedia evertere conatur, brevis responsio. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 150. D. O. M. A. Pharmacopoea Dogmaticorum Restituta pretiosis selectisque Her- meticorum floribus abunde illustrata. Auctore los. Quercetano Cons, et Medico Regio. Parisiis, Apud Claudium Morellum via Jacobaea ad insigne Fontis. M.DC.VII. 4°. Pp. [8] 630 [16]. Engraved title and portrait of Quercetanus extra. Pharmacopoea dogmaticorum restituta. See UFFENBACH (PETRUS), Dispensatorium Galeno-Chymicum, 1631. Le Richezze della Riformata Farmacopea del Signor Giuseppe Quercetano Medico, e Consiglier Regio. Nuouamente di Fauella Latina trasportata in Italiana dal Signor Giacomo Ferrari Medico, e Filosofo Mantouano. Oltre nuoue osseruationi, pensieri gratiosi, vtilissime inuentioni, Auuertimenti necessarij per la Compositione di molti medicamenti Hermetici: fatiche vera- mente degne d' esser lette, & rilette da ogni gran Personaggio, & da qualunque persona, che desidera medicarsi citb, tuto, & iucunde. Et in quest' vltima impressione corrette, & aggiontoui la Preparatione Spagirica de i Minerali, Animali, & Vegetabili, & loro vso ; Con vn ristretto de i medicamenti, ch' appartengono alia Chirurgia dell' istesso Auttore. Tradotta nuouamente da Gio: Maria Ferro spetiale alia Sanita. Dedicate Al Molt' Illustre Signor il Signor Vincenzo Mariani Spetiale alia Vigilanza in Piazza di San Marco. In Venetia, Per il Valuasense, M.DC.LXXVII. Con Licenza de' Superiori, et Priuilegio. 4°. Pp. [16] 264. Le Ricchezze della Riformata Farmacopea del Sign. Giuseppe Quercetano Medico, e Consiglier Regio. Nuouamente di Fauella Latina trasportata in Italiana dal Sign. Giacomo Ferrari Medico, e Filosofo Mantouano. Oltre nuoue osseruationi, pensieri gratiosi, vtilissime inuentioni, Auuertimenti necessarij per la Compositione di molti medicamenti Hermetici : fatiche veramente degne d' esser lette, & rilette da ogni gran Personaggio, & da qualunque persona, che desidera medicarsi citb, tuto, & iucunde. Et in quest' vltima impressione corrette, & aggiontoui la Preparatione Spagirica de i Minerali, Animali, & Vegetabili, & loro vso ; Con vn ristretto de i medicamenti ch' appartengono alia Chirurgia dell' istesso Auttore. Tradotta nuouamente da Gio: Maria Ferro Spetiale alia Sanita. In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXIV. Per Gio: Francesco Valuasense. Con Licenza de' Superiori. 4*. Pp. [16] 264. 236 QUERCETANUS QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued. los Quercetani Doct. Medicique Regii. Ad Veritatem Hermeticse Medicinae ex Hippocratis vetenimque decretis ac Therapeusi : necnon viuse rerum anatomise exegesi, ipsiiisque natures luce stabiliendam, aduersus cuiusdam Anonymi phantasmata Responsio. Lutetiae Parisiorum, Apud Abrahamum Saugrain, via lacobsea, prope S. Benedict!. CID.IDC.IV. Cum Priuilegio Regis Christianiss. 8°. Pp. [16] 312 ; 68 [2] [2 blank]. MS. Index. Senebier quotes an edition : Parisite, 1603, 8°. Joseph Du Chesne, or Duchesne, Latinized into Quercetanus, was born at 1'Esture, or Esturre, in Armagnac, in Gascony, about 1544. Like Quattrami, he affords an instance of a person out of whose names two individuals have been constituted. He was styled Sieur de la Violette, even Patin allows that, and Baron de Morence et d'Iserable (Senebier), or Lyserable (Du Maine). Zedler, however, has drawn a dis- tinction between Sieur de la Violette, the chemist, who was a protestant, and had quarrels with his contemporaries, from the Baron de Morence, who lived in the sixteenth century, was the author of a surgical treatise [on gunshot wounds, Lyons, 1576, 8°], and believed that he could discover stolen articles by the divining rod. This distinction was repeated by Gundling, but there is no authority for it from La Croix du Maine, on whom apparently Zedler relies. Of his early life there is nothing recorded, but he is said to have spent a long time in Germany, engaged especially with chemistry. But in one of the many epigrams upon him, his stay is made out to have been much shorter. Quercetanus, ' faiseur de vinaigre,' is made to give a pupil the following advice how ' to get on ' : Dedans trois mois en soufflant 1'Alchimie Tu deuiendras gran docteur medicin E si pourras pour ceste soufflerie D'or e d'argent remplir un magazin. Dehet bon cueur, sachant faire 1'or fin Autant en droit, comme en Theologie Te faut uaquer : e uerras a la fin Tes biens, ton corps, e ton ame perie, which presumably sums up the charges against Quercetanus, and defines the estimate which his opponent had formed of him. Du Maine is the authority for the statement that Quercetanus was physician of Frai^ois de France, Duke d'Alen9on, but he gives no date. He graduated at Basel about 1573, and in 1575 published his reply to Aubertus' criticism of the chemists' theory of the origin of metals. By this work he drew upon himself both rage and ridicule. Among these attacks may be mentioned that of Fenotus : Alexipharmacum, sive Antidotus Apolo- getica, ad virulentias losephi cuiusdam Quercetani Armeniaci, euomitas in libellum Jacobi Auberti, de ortu & causis Metallorum contra Chymistas. lo. Antonio Fenoto Autore. In quo, prater quorundam Paracelsicorum medicamentorum discussionem, omnia fere argumeta refelluntur, quibus Chymistae probare conantur, aurum argentumq ; arte fieri posse. Addita est in fine Epistola M. Antiti de Cressonieres, ad eundem Quercetanum. Desinant maledicere, malefacta ne noscant sua. Basilece ; no date, but about 1575, 8°, pp. [10] 101 [i blank]. Fenotus' tract is a discussion on the theory of transmutation, and is of historical interest as showing what could be said against it at the time when perhaps it was most in vogue. The epistle of Antitus de Cressonieres is written in the macaronic style, and in it Quercetanus and his alchemical views are simply laughed at. A number of epigrams follow in the same vein in Latin, French, Italian, Greek. Quercetanus was, therefore, not in favour with certain of his contem- poraries. He took up his residence at Geneva, the citizen- ship of which was conferred upon him in 1584. Then in 1587 he was received into the Council of the Two Hundred, and, in 1589, was sent along with De Sillery and De Sancy, ambassadors from France to Switzerland, to ask assistance and to prevent the peace which the Bernese wished to conclude separately with Emmanuel Philibert. Duke of Savoy. In 1592 he helped to bring about the terms of the peace which the Republic of Geneva made with its neighbours. Apparently, therefore, he was a person of considerable standing and influence. The year following, 1593, he went to Paris, and was appointed physician in ordinary to Henry IV. and Du Verdier says that he was councillor and physician to Monseigneur, the king's only brother. As the result he acquired a wide connection, and an enhanced reputation. On the other hand it is said that his vanity and contempt of other physicians made him disliked and brought on disputes. Perhaps his attitude was not altogether without justification, when one remembers how very humble the Galenic physicians of the time were and how considerate and friendly towards the Spagyrists and Paracelsists ! Quercetanus was not prevented by criticism or controversy from advocating his views and throw- ing off the shackles of routine and the mere authority of names. As a chemist who had had a training which none of the school physicians ob- tained, he did his best to upset the Galenic physic in France and to substitute chemical remedies. He did not succeed in introducing Paracelsus' doctrines, but he was one who helped to overthrow the ' old colossus of humorism ' and to inaugurate the new epoch of iatro-chemistry. All this was, of course, obnoxious to the Paris faculty, which ' persecuted him as its most mortal foe and forbade its members to have any pro- fessional dealings with him ' ; he had violent controversies with Riolanus and others, and he did not hesitate to return without stint the injuries which were showered upon him. The embers of these heated discussions took a long time to cool. Years after his death he was exhumed and reviled by Gui Patin, who was a mere child of seven years of age when Quercetanus died. The whole is so characteristic that it may be quoted for Patin's benefit : QUERCETANUS 237 Continued. QUERCETANUS (JOSEPHUS). Cette meme anne'e (1609) il mourut ici un mechant pendard de Charlatan, qui en a bien tue durant sa vie et apres sa mort par les malheureux ecrits qu'il nous a laissfe sous son nom, qu'il a fait faire par d'autres Medecins et Chymistes defa et de dela. C'est Josephus Quercetanus, qui se faisoit nommer a Paris le Sieur de la Violette lequel etoit un grand Charlatan, un grand yvrogne et un franc ignorant, qui ne savoit rien en Latin et qui n'etant de son premier Metier, que garcon Chirurgien [a journeyman-barber] du Pai's d'Armagnac, passa a Paris et particulierement a la Cour pour un grand Medecin, parce qu'il avoit appris quelque chose de la Chimie en Allemagne : je ne vous dirai rien de ce Monstre davantage. . . . (N. L. i. p. 269). Metzger, who quotes this, adds : ' May not one ask Tantae ne animis Galenici irae ? ' Of this piece of coarse humour parts have been reproduced in other estimates. Boerhaave calls him ' indoctus homo, et alieno calamo usus'; Eloy says that some of his works were written for him by hired writers ; and so the reports spread. He was a protestant, and that may have been the reason, says another, of Bayle's favourable notice of him. But why should Bayle be denied the right of commending one whom he thought commend- able even from the alleged motive, when Gui Patin is not challenged for condemning what his bilious- ness made condemnable? Quercetanus was not in advance of his time in many of his doctrines : he believed in signatures ; he was one of the first to give an account of the notion of palingenesis, and he accepted the philo- sopher's stone and transmutation as a matter of course. It is said that he had some glimmering idea of uric acid, and may have come across phosphorus. In certain diseases he prescribed ' Mercurius dulcis," under the name of ' Panchimagogue,' made up in pills known as ' Pillules de M. de la Violette.' His death took place in 1609. His wife was a grand-daughter of the celebrated scholar Gulielmus Budseus. Quercetanus' efforts were not limited to diplomacy, medicine and controversy, but he ventured on the construction of a tragi-comedy, and composed a good many poems. The following are mentioned : ' La Morocosmie ou de la folie, vanitd et incon- stance du Monde,' Lyon, 1513, 1601 ; ' La grand Miroir du Monde,' Lyon, 1584; 'Poesies chresti- ennes,' Geneva, 1594, and his poetic talent has teen reckoned as of no mean order by Chdreau. Possibly his poetry has stood Time's ordeal better than either his medicine or his chemistry. Several works on medicine came from his pen, of which the following may be mentioned in addi- tion to the above : Sclopetarius, sive de curandis vulneribus quoe sclopetorum ictibus acciderunt, Lugd. , 1576, 8°, pp. [20] 209 [t blank] [13, i blank]. This was translated into French, Lyon, 1576. Liber de priscorum Philosophorum veroe medi- Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 877, 900, 905, 907, 921, 937, 945, 946, 964, 969, 971, 987, 997- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 317. Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia Parisina, hoc est: Catalogns omnium librorum Parisijs, Annis 1647 (r 1648, inclusive excusornm, Paris., 1649, p. 38. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 192. cinae materia, prseparatienis modo, atque in curandis morbis, pnestantia. D£que simplicium, & rerum signaturis . . . duo tractatus . . . de dogmaticorum medicorum legitima, & restituta medicamentorum praeparatione, libri duo . . . consilia medica, clarissimis medicis Europaeis dicata. S. Gervasii, M.DC. III. 8°, pp. [241432. Dineteticon Polyhistoricon, Paris., 1606,8°; Lip- siae, 1607 ; excudebat David Anastasius, 1607, 8°, pp. 418 [2], without place. Tetras gravissimorum totius capitis affectuum, Marburgi, 1606, 8°. Spagirica, . . . grundliche Beschreibung der Mineralischen, Animalischen vnd Vegetabilischen Artzneyen, derselben rechten Gebrauch vnd Spa- girische Bereitung, . . . durch . . . lohannem Cupium Borussum, ... ins Deutsche transferiret. Hall, M.DC. VIII. 8°, Sigs. A to H in eights, 14. This is different from Kessler"s translation above. Pestis Alexicacus, Paris, 1608, 4°; Lips., 1609, 8°, pp. [16] 461 [i blank] [25, i blank]. Conseils de Medecine, dediez aux plus celebres Medecins de 1'Europe, Paris, 1626, 8 , pp. 316 [i, 3 blank]. Quercetanus redivivus, seu Ars medica hermetica, ex Quercetani scriptis digesta opera Johan. Schrodi, Francof. , 1648, 3 vols. , 4°. Recueil des plus curieux et rares Secrets touchant la Medecine Metallique & Minerale tirez des Manu- scripts, de feu Mre loseph Du Chesne, Paris, 1648, 8°, pp. [8, including an engraved title-page and portrait] 370 [13, i blank]. Two or three of his books were translated into English : The Sclopetarie of J. Quercetanus ... or his booke containing the cure of Wounds received by shot of gunne or such like engines of warre. Pub- lished into English by J. Hester. London, 1500. 8° ; and the edition along with Paracelsus' ' A hundred and foureteene experiments and cures,' London, 1596. small 4°, pp. [16] 82; and with Penotus, London, 1642, small 410. A Breefe Aunswere of Ipsephus Quercetanus Armeniacus, Doctor of Phisick to the exposition of lacobus Aubertus Vindonis, concerning the original, and causes of metalles, set foorth against chimists. Another exquisite and plaine Treatise of the same Josephus, concerning the Spagericall preparations, and vse of minerall, animall and vegitable Medicines. Whereunto is added divers rare secretes not heeretofore knowne of many. By John Hester, practitioner in the Spagericall Arte. London, 1591, small 8°, ff. [3] 61 [5]T The second tract has a separate title-page, but the folio numbers run on consecutively. The Practise of Chyrnicall and Hermeticall Phy- sicke for the presentation of health . . . translated by Thomas Timme. 2 parts. London, 1605, 4°. ff.[5][97l. The method of preparing certain of his remedies is given by GREIKF (Friederich) (q.v.); Lipenius Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, 99^, iiSa, lyja, 140^, 2060, 260^, 276^, 317^, 341^, 348^, 415^, &c. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 710. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 369 (cap. xi. 5) ; p. 134 (add. iii. 37, 3). Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730, ii. p. 156. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 778, 779, 780, 872. 238 Q UERCE TANUS—Q UINC Y QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus BibliotheccB metallicce, 1732, p. 115. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 394 (Palm- genesis), 403. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, v. col. 2096 ; 1741, xxx. col. 201. Gundling, Historic der Gelahrheit, 1734, Th. ii. p. 2974 (makes two distinct persons of him). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 686. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermitique, 1742, iii. pp. 50, 272-273. Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca medici eruditi, Ber- gomi, 1742, p. 34 (' eruditissimus Quercetanus'). Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 598, 695, 726, 871, 968. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1832 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1123. Goujet, Bibliotheque Francoise ou Histoire de la Littdrature Francoise, 1752, xiv. pp. 103-110. More'ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1759, VIII. ii. p. 677 (list of his works). Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 268. Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 61. Haller, Biblioiheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 353. Les Bibliotheques Francoises de La Croix du Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Rigolet de Juvigny, 1772 (du Maine), ii. p. 5 ; 1773 (Du Verdier), ii. p. 545. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 233 ; I77S. »• P- 601- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 201. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 1778, i. p. 609 ; 1755, ii. p. 307 (praised on the whole). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 105. Jean Senebier, Histoire LitttSraire de Geneve, 1786, iv. pp. 40-43. Job. Dan. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literargeschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 230, § 196 ; p. 236, § 201 ; Zusdtze und Verbesserungen, 1796, p. 128 (quotes Patin's criticism). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 281- 285. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1813, ix. p. 245. Biographie Universelle, 1814, xii. p. 108 ; 1852, xi. p. 389 (article by Weiss). Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), ii. p. 237. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) i. 220 e. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. pp. 214, 216, 257, 539-544. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 170. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 27- 28 ; 1869, pp. 24-25. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 90, no; 1844, ii. pp. 6, 114, 230, 243; 1845, *»• P- 42I 1847, iv. pp. 104, 192. J. H. Reveille"-Parise, Lettres de Gui Patin, 1846, i. p. 509. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 282. Haag, La France Protestante, 1852, iv. pp. 360- 363- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. p. 386. Nouvelle Biographie Gtndrale, 1855, xiv. col. 951. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 209, 345, 427, 571. Mayer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857, iv. p. 431- ~La.&ra.gue,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 579 (reply to Aubertus). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 116. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 657 (Le Ricchezze, 1684) ; 2nd series, 1900, v. p. 536 (1646 edition), 1890, xi. p. 946. Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Midi- cales, icre SeYie, 1884, xxx. p. 628 (article by A. CheYeau). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1885, ii. p. 5 (by Max Salomon). QUINCY (JOHN). Pharmacopee Universelle Raisonne'e, oil 1'on trouve la Critique des principales Preparations qui sont dans les Boutiques des Apothicaires, la maniere de decouvrir celles qui sont sophistiquees, & les Re'gles qu'il faut suivre pour composer des Formules destinies a etre garddes ou mises en usage sur le champ. Par M. Quincy, Medecin de Londres, Traduite de 1'Anglois sur la onzieme edition Augmente'e de beaucoup, & corrige'e par M. Clausier, Medecin de Paris. A Paris, D'Houry, Pere, Imprimeur & Libraire de Monseigneur le Due d'Orle'ans, rue vieille Bouclerie, au bas du Pont S. Michel. Ch. Jean-Bapt. Delespine, Imprimeur & Libraire ordinaire du Roy, rue S. Jacques, a la Victoire & au Palmier. Laurent d'Houry, Fils, Libraire, rue vieille Bouclerie, au bas du Pont S. Michel, au Saint Esprit. M.DCC.XLIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roy. 4°. Pp. [6] xvij [i] 490 [for 498] 516. Tables pp. [60], Three plates of symbols. Chez QUINCY—QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS 239 QUINCY (JOHN). Continued. The date of Quincy's birth is not recorded, but it is said that he began life as an apothecary's apprentice, and afterwards practised medicine as an apothecary. In 1717 he published a ' Lexicon Physico-medicum,' which went through a number of editions, the last appearing in 1811. In 1718 appeared his ' Pharmacopoeia officinalis," the four- teenth edition of which bears date 1769. His attack on Dr. Woodward came out in 1719, in the reply to which he was vilified in turn. Then in 1720 and in 1721 he published his edition of Hodges' Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 272. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 334, 483, SSi ; ii. p. 941, &c. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 540. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, 11. p. 151. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 220. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la MMecine, 1778, iv. p. 14. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. no. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. p. loo. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii, pp. 380, 401. Fuchs, Reperlorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 239, 242, 266. Rotermund, Forlsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 1144. book on the plague and his Medical Essays, in which it is said he showed no skill about the diseases, but only about the compounding of the prescriptions. He died in 1722. After his death Peter Shaw edited and published his ' Praelectiones Pharmaceuticae," with a preface about him, and in 1725 appeared his translation of Albertus Magnus' work, ' De Secretis Mulierum.' He was a student of mathematics, and was created M.D. by the University of Edinburgh for his translation of the 'Aphorisms ' of Sanctorius. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. 786 h. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdc- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 772. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicalc, 1855, ii. p. 428. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apoiheker, 1855, pp. 279, 346, 587. Nouvelle Biographic Gencrale, 1862, xli. col. 352. Dictionnaire encyclopidique des Sciences Medi- cales, 3eme Serie, 1874, i. p. 188. Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Mcdicales, 1874, coL 1385. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerztc oiler Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. p. 650. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 952. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvii. p. 112. QUINQUAGENTA Septem Canones de Opere Physico. See PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS). QUINTA ESSENTIA. De quinta essentia vini pulcherrimus Tractatus. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus Hi., p. 216. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 368. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 322. See [SCHATZ und Kunst Kammer], p. 378. QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS DE THERTONA. Lumen Apothecariorum. See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus. Quiricus de Augustis lived, according to Justus, about 1495, and was ' Medicinae Doctor Subtilis- simus.' The book was printed along with the ' Luminare Majus,1 the best edition being that edited by Nicolaus Mutonus. Wolfgang Justus, Chronologia sive temporum supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum, Fran- coph. a. V., 1556, p. 129. Paschalis Callus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590, p. 265. Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum, 1591, p. 185 (calls him Quintus de Augustis de Torthona). Numerous editions of the Lumen Apothecariorum are extant : Augsburg, 1486, fol. ; Venice, 1495, 1504, 1517, fol. ; revised by Mutonus with Manilas' Luminare, Lyons, 1536, 4° ; Venice, 1551, 1556, 1561. Joh. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof., 1609, p. 460 (editions of 1528 and 1556). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 928. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, 1. i. p. 187 (' Medicinae doctor subtilissimus '). Van der Linden, DC Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1737. P- 4". 240 QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS DE THERTONA. Continued. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 64. Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Biichern und deren Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1741, Th. xiii. p. 407. Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori d' Italia, 1762, II. iii. p. 1826 (gives a list of the writings of Giovanni Jacopp Manlio dal-Bosco, Alessandrino, Medico, e Botanico, and mentions the Lyons, 1528, edition, specifying the Lumen Apothecariorum of Quiricus de Augustis). Joseph-Franfois Carrere, Bibliotheque Litttraire, historique et critique de la Mtdecine andenne et moderne, Paris, 1776, i. p. 254 (calls him Cyr de Augustis de Thertona, and quotes the Lumen, Venet. Oct. Scotus, 1517, fol. Lugd., 1736, 4°, revised by Mutonus). Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1784, i. col. 1254. Panzer, Annales Typographic, 1795, iii. p. 498, No. 2811. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 167 (calls him ' de Tortona,1 and gives a list of the editions). Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1826, i. Nos. 2116-2122. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothckcr, 1855, p. 408. R. . . .— R. (I. M.}. 241 R. . . . Zwey alte Denkmaale Deutscher Filosofen von der Alchymie, mit Anmerkungen von R. . . . aufs neue herausgegeben. See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, H. i. pp. 345, 379. R. (J.) H. See RIST (JOHANN), Holsatus. R. (J. M. D.). See RICHEBOURG (JEAN MAUGIN DE). R. (M. S. D.). See LIMOJON DE SAINT-DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). R. (S.), i.e. Renatus (Sincerus). See RICHTER (SAMUEL). R. (I. L. D.), i.e. Jean Lucas de Roy, Medecin Boleducois. See BEGUIN (JEAN). R. E. I. D. See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). R. H. C. See HOLLANDUS (ISAAC). R. (I. M.). Die gantz neue eroffnete Pforte zu dem Chymischen Kleinod oder einige vornehmste Chymische Arcana, aus unterschiedlichen zum Theil aus dem Lateinischen allhier ins Teutsche iibersetzten Manuscriptis der beriihmtesten Chymicorum, desgleichen mancherley Scheidungs-Arten der Medallen, nebst einem Haupt-raren Medicinischen Arcanis, so niemahlen so deutlich und getreulich heraus gegeben worden, alles mit Fleifs und getreuer Hand zusammen getragen, und alien curieusen Chymicis, I-aboranten, Gold- Scheidern, Schlagern und Schmieden zum besten im Druck heraus gegeben, von I. M. R. Niirnberg, bey Johann Friedrich Riidiger, 1728. 12°. Pp. 264, frontispiece included. Ladrague, Ribliothlque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrites, 1870, No. 1451. II. Q 242 RACHAIDIBI— RADIX RACHAIDIBI. See KALID RACHAIDIBI. RACHAIDIBI, VERADIANUS, RHODIANUS, KANID. De materia philosophici lapidis fragmentum. See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 255. See GIN/ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 573- See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 270. Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 344; 1750, i. p. 418. See GEBER, Chymische Schrifften, 1751, p. 248. See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 286. Of these four persons, who are termed cpllec- also by Van der Linden ; as Rachaidiba and lively ' Philosophers of the King of the Persians,' Rachaidibse in Geber, while more recent authorities nothing definite is known, even if they ever treat the word as a genitive and call him existed. The name of the first appears variously Rachaidib, and Rachaidibus. The forms Raidabi as Rachaidibi in the Ars Aurifera: 'Dixit and Rachiadabi, given by Nazari, seem to be Rachaidibi filius Zetheibidae Philosophus Regis merely misprints. Whether or not he be identical Persarum et Principis Romanorum,' and is so given with Kalid Rachaidibi I do not know. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni ire, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie I599, PP- 137. r43- Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 227, 468 ; iii. pp. 37, 171. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 130. I637, p. 412. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 105. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 194. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 929. 1866, i. p. 354. Reyher, Dissertatio de Nttmmis . . . ex chymico 'La&r3i.gvie,BibliothequeOuvarqff',Sciences Secretes, melallo factis, 1692, p. 96. 1870, No. 668. RADIUS AB UMBRA. See GIN/ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 368. RADIX Chymiae. oder Wurtzel des Universals, anweisend die ware Materiam Universalis, dessen Preparation, Mittel, Anfang und Ende. Auffs klar- und deutlichste angewiesen durch G. M. B. D. S. Grofs sind die Werck defs Herrn, der ihr achtet hat eitel lust daran. Anno M DC LXXX. 8°. Pp. 1-32. At p. 33 the Appendix begins with the following title-page : Appendix ad faciliorem Radicis Chymise intellectum. I. Introductio Generalis Chymica, cum Dictis Philosophorum, ex libro Aureae Rosae. II. Dicta Alani. III. Anonym! Tractatus Philosophicus ad rubrum et album. Editore Joachimo Tanckio, M.D. IV. Processes Lapidis Philosophorum ex Mercuric Corporis, juxta doctrinam Bernhardi Comitis Trevisani. PP- 33-J59 [i blank]. The tracts have the following titles : Dicta Alani, p. 84. Introductio generalis Chymica, in die hohe und Tractatus Philosophicus ad rubrum et album tieffe Erkantnufs und verstandnufs der uralten Anonymi, p. 108. furtrefflichsten und hochsten Medicin des grossen Processus Lapidis Philosophici, ex Mercurio wundertbatigen Universal-Steins der Weisen, und Corporis confecti, cum Practica Bernhardi Comitis der Signaturos naturalis, seines von Gptt durch die Trevisani maxime conveniens, p. 123. Natur beschaffenen gewissen subject! debiti, oder Mantissa Anonymi in gratiam Cupidi Lectoris, Materiae ex qua, p. 35. p. 153. Dicta Philosophorum ex Lib. Rosas Aurere, p. 66. [Another copy of the APPENDIX only.] RATZEL— RAMSA Y 243 RATZEL. See v. (j. R.), Giildene Rose. See THEOPHILUS, Mineralogia, 1703, 1706, p. 458. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). See JENIGMA. See PHILOSOPHISCHES RATZEL. See PHILOSOPHICAL RIDDLE. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 157, 293, 351. RAMELOVIUS (MATTHIAS). Kurtze Beschreibung der Sawerbrunnen, zu Wildungen in der Graffschafft Waldeck : wie man dieselben mit Nutzen zur preservation vnd curation beydes jnnerlich vnd eusserlich gebrauchen soil. Auff Gnadigen Befehl der Hoch Wolgebornen Graffen zu Waldeck &c. Durch Matthiam Ramelovium, Medicinae Licent. vnd Grafflich-Waldeckischen Hofif Medicum in Truck verfertiget Fernelius lib. 4. method, med. Nullus affectus in nobis subsistere potest, cui non contrarium pariter remedium protulerit natura : Nulla usq; penuria est remediorum, sed nostra eorum turpis ignorantia. Cassel, Druckts Salomon Schadewitz, dero Vniversitat Buchdrucker, In Verlegung Johann Schiitzens. Anno M.DC.LI. 8°. Pp. 152. Ramelov, or Ramlpv, was a licentiate in medi- des Pyrmonter Sauerbrunnens wie auch des Hof- cine and court physician to Count Waldeck, at geifsmarischen Heilbrunnens in Hessen nebst whose request he printed the present book. By seinem Bericht von denen Tugenden des Wildun- Rotermund he is called Brunswick physician at ger Biers, Marpurg, 1682, 8°, edited by George Clausthal. Schultze. It was published again at Cassel in 1664, and it He wrote : Ortus et occasus calculi renuin, oder, appears in the lists with a different title : Speculum Beschreibung des Nieren-Steins . . . Leipzig, 1679, acidularum Wildungensium, das ist, Beschreibung 8°, and several tracts on the plague, mentioned by des Sauerbrunnens zu Wildungen. It was printed Haller. also with Georg Bolmann's work : Beschreibung Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, PP- co'- J889 '• Rotermund's Fortsetzung tind Ergdnz- 760 ('Ortus . . . calculi renum,' 1679), 491^ ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1302. ('speculum acidularum,' 1651, 1664); (calls him Portal, Histoire deVAnatomie et de la Chirurgie, Ramlovius and Ramelovius). 1770, Hi. p. 567. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothec S8, 59- Joan. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof. , 1609, p. 462. G. Cojletet, 'La Vie de Raymond Lulle,' pp. 207-252, in La Clavicule ou la Science de Raymond Lulle. Avec toutes les Figures de Rhetorique. Par le Sieur lacob. Et la Vie du mesme Raymond Lulle, par Monsieur Colletet. A Paris, chez Michel Bobin, au Palais, au troisieme Pillier de la grand-Salle, a 1'Esperance. M.DC.LV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°, pp. [28, and a folding table] 252 [4]. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothtker, 1855, PP. 399. 425- Verbum Abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi. See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymias Scripta, 1603, p. 264. REALIA. Die entdeckten requisita realia. See SINCERUS, 1723. REBIS. Von dem Rebis einem Stein. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. (1598), p. 191. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, P- 334- See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 305. See [sCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 334. Lapis Alberti Magni Rebis. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 273. The word 'Rebis' is one of the many names of Francis Anthony also wrote a tract on Rebis ; ' the stone,' and definitions of it are given by see under ANTHONY (FRANCIS). various writers. Richardus Anglicus, Correctorium, 1581, f. 29 Pernety, Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique, 1758, verso. p. 426. Maier, Symbola Aurete Mensce, 1617, p. 461. Schmieder, Geschichte der A khemie, 1832, p. 309. Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 94, Stanislas de Guaita, Essais de Sciences Maudites. I. Au Seuil du Mysttre, 1890, p. 130. RECHTE (Der) Grundt vnnd Fundament aller naturlichen und vbernatiirlichen Dingen. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. i. 246 RECHTE—RECONDITORIUM RECHTE (Der) Weg zu der Hermetischen Kunst, vor die Lehrbegierigen Schiller und Liebhaber dieser Wissenschaft, Nebst verschiedenen Anmerkungen iiber das betriigliche Verfahren der sogenannten Sophisten und ihrer Irrwege herausgegeben von Anonymo. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Georg Fleischer. 1773. 8° Pp. 104. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1504. Aus dem Rechten Wege zu der hermetischen Kunst. See HERMETISCHES A. B. c., 1779, "• P- 17S- RECHTEN (Von dem) wahren Philosophischen Stein : zwolff Tractatlein. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). RECHTER Gebrauch d'Alchimei, mitt vil bifsher verborgenen, nutzbaren vnnd lustigen Kiinsten, Nit allein den furwitzigen Alchimismisten (sic), Sender alien kunstbaren Werckleutten, in vnd ausserhalb feurs. Auch sunst aller menglichen inn vil wege zugebrauchen. Die Character, Figiirliche bedeut- tungen, vnd namen der Metall, Corpus vnd Spiritus. Der Alchimistischen verlateineten Worter aufslegung. Register am volgenden blat. 4°. Ff. xxvii. Vignette of a jeweller's shop. Colophon: M.D.XXXI. Wants f. xx. To all appearance this book was printed at name : Kiinstbtichlin, Augspurg, 1537, 4°, again in Frankfurt a. M. by Christian Egenolph. The 1538, and repeatedly thereafter in whole or in part, authorship of it has been assigned by Schmieder to in various collections of receipts, as in that of George Agricola, the metallurgist, but there is lack KERTZENMACHER (q.v.) : Alchimia. Wie man alle of evidence in support of this view and it is justifi- farben Wasser, Ulea, . . . machensol, first published ably doubted by Gmelin. in 1539, and often in subsequent years. The contents are purely practical and consist of A modified Dutch version of it was made by chemical receipts for everyday wants and have no- SYMON ANDRIESSEN (q.v.) and published in 1549, thing to do with alchemy strictly so called. In and of this translations are contained in the third fact the title affords an early use of the word part of the editions in French and English of the alchemical in the later wider sense of chemical, work which passes under the name of Alexis, or The substances employed are common and the ALESSIO (q.v.). operations are such as would be familiar to various A portion of it exists also in Danish. An account classes of artists and workmen. of the editions and variations is given in my papers The present is doubtless the first edition. It was referred to below. reprinted, with other receipts added, under the Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie\ 1797, i. p. 313. logical Chemistry,' Proceedings of the \Roya[\ Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832^.270. Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1888, xix. p. 126; Ferguson, 'Some Early Treatises on Techno- 'Supplement,' Ibid., 1894, xxv. p. 224. RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium Opulentise sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, obtenta quidem & erecta Auspice Mortale Ccepto; sed Inventa Proauthoribus Immortalibus Adeptis, quibus conclusum est, sancitum & decretum, ut anno hoc per Mysteri- archam Mercurium, velut Viocurium, seu Medicurium, statVta oraCVLa sVa eXorDInfc InoLesCerent, & aVrea Verltas perspICaCIorlbVs Ingenlls nVDe breVIterqVe InnotesCeret. Orbe post Christum natum Millesimo, sexcentesimo, sexagesimo sexto, Idibus Majis. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge, & Elizeum Weyerstraet, Anno 1666. 4°. Pp. 392 (for 292). 12 engravings, one, entitled ' Character Adeptorum,' printed in red, all included in the pagination. The chronogram stands for 1666. RECONDITORIUM—RECUE1L 247 RECONDITORIUM. Continued. Appended is a translation of the tractate Von der Universal Medicin by Monte-Snyder (q.v.). It has the following title : — Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico ; quomodo nimirum istud in tribus illis naturae Regnis, Mineralium, Animalium ac Vegetabilium, reperiendum : atque exinde conficiendum, per excellentissimum Universale Menstruum, vi pollens recludendi occludendi'que, turn metallum quodlibet, in primam sui materiam, reducendi. Insuper, qualiter per idipsum (supple Menstruum) alias fixum illud indestructibile aurum, redigendum sit in verum & inculpatum Aurum Potabile, quod nullo se imposterum artis stratagemate, in solidum iterum aureum corpus patitur reduci. Cumprimis ab honore Dei gloriosi & excelsi ; Deinde in singulare solatium & emolumentum Generis humani, propalata mque publicam data lucem, per &c Atque Londini in Anglia, ab uno eode'mque Paraphraste, qui usqueadhuc Chymicam Vannum instituit ; celeriter, sed tamen fideliter, e Germanismo in Latinismum trajecta ; ^Era Christiana Millesima, Sexcentesima, Sexagesima quinta. Kalendis Octobribus. Pp. [2] 76 [i, 3 blank]. On the verso of the title, the 'Character Adeptorum' diagram, which is repeated, is printed in black. [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] This book was reissued at Leyden, 1696, with the first sheet (A) ; all after that is identical in the two title ChymicE Aurifodina ittcomparabilis (q.v.). issues. Both editions are mentioned under this title by Of the author nothing is known except what he Roth-Scholtz, and the book is also described by says incidentally, as in the title of ihe Commentatio, Freytag. that he translated it from the German, when he The only difference between the two is in the happened to be in London, or in the ' Epigramma omission from the 1696 issue of certain engraved in Zoilum ' when he says : plates, the new title-page and the resetting of the Gelria ml patria est, sed Venloa propria terra, Me mihi scito data non nisi lege loqui. Roth-Scholtz, Bibllotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 41. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic p. 620. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274. Ladrague. Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Freytag, Analecta literaria, 1750, p. 247. Secretes, 1870, No. 1284. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348. RECTIFICATION. [Von der Rectification des Animirten Geistes &c.] 8°. Pp. 60-63. A fragnfent from VIER CHYMISCHE TRACTATLEIN. RECUEIL. Recueil d'Experiences et Observations sur le Combat, qui precede du melange des corps. Sur les Saveurs, Sur les Odeurs, Sur le Sang, Sur le Lait, &c. Tres-curieux & utile aux Medecins & a ceux qui s'appliquent a la recherche de la Nature, des Qualitez & des Proprietez de toutes sortes de Corps. A Paris, chez Estienne Michallet, rue S. Jacques, a 1'Image S. Paul. M.DC.LXXIX. Avec Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. [18, including the frontispiece] 262 [2]. Engraved plate. The authors are Nehemiah Grew ; Robert Boyle, Sur les saveurs et sur les odeurs ; Leeuwenhoeck, Sur le sang et sur le lait. These last were made with the microscope. RE FORM A TION-REIBEHAND REFORMATION der gantzen Weiten Welt. See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt. REFORMIERTE (Die) Alchymie. See CORRECTIO Fatuorum. REGELN. See BERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB). See REGULJE. See REGULEN. REGER (ERNESTUS AURELIUS). See AMOR PROXIMI. See PFEFFER (ERICUS). In the Fegfeuer he is styled Reger von Ehrenhart, while Gmehn calls him Reger von Ehrenwald, which seems to be a mistake. By Semler he is called a Dutch physician who had Pfeffer's manu- scripts in his possession. Opposite opinions are extant about him. The Fegfeuer calls him a malicious soul, who scribbled the two tracts 'Amor Proximi' and 'Nosce te ipsum, physico-medicum ' out of the works of Pfeffer. Fictuld, however, while quoting what is said both by the Fegfeuer and by Arnold, leaves the author- ship undecided, but he adds, in Fictuldian phrase, approval of the unknown writer, whoever he was, as a learned, pious, God-loving mystic and cabalist, Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120. Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetische Christen- thum, 1710, p. i. c. 5 ; p. 257. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 428 (Th. iii. cap. xi. § 17). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. whose tractate he recommends to the lovers of Hermetic philosophy. Semler is not certain that Pfeffer and Reger were real Rosicrucians and adepts, but he does not agree with the Fegfeuer in thinking that Reger was deceitful and mendacious, but rather that he had knowledge. Jocher takes no notice of the so-called alchemical works, but enumerates the following : ' Bericht auf einige Fragen durch die heilige Schrifft, das Buch der Natur, und das Buch der Menschheit bekraffti- get,' along with a 'Catalogus vieler raren und sonderlichen Manuscripte des neulichsten Philosophi E. P. J. H.' Hamburg, 1683, 8°. Rotermund calls him a physician in Amsterdam and a theosophist. col. 1955 ; Rotermund's Fortsctzung und Erganz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1547. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 8. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 117. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 23. REGIMINA ARTIS. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 299. REGULAE SEU CANONES. See PHILOSOPHISCHE REGELN oder Canones. See PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS). REGULEN. See LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes. See REGELN. REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH). Filum Ariadnes das ist, Newer Chymischer Discurs von den grawsamen ver- fiihrischen Irrwegen, der Alchymisten, dardurch sie selbst vnd viel Leute neben ihnen verleitet werden, vnd dann was doch endlich der rechte vhralte einige Weg zu dem allerhochsten Secreto sey, wie darinnen zu procediren, vnd welcher Gestalt auch particularia zur Hand gebracht werden konnen. Alles durch selbst eigene Experientz aus Christlicher Liebe gegen den Nechsten, in diesen hochbetriibten Zeiten an Tag gegeben vnd eroffnet, so vorhero niemals REIBEHAND—REIMLEIN 249 REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH). Continued. von einigen Philosopho in Schrifften so dentlich (sic) erklaret worden, durch Heinrich von Batsdorff, Hermundurum. Zum andern mahl auffgelegt vnd gedruckt, im Jahr 1639. Bey Friderich Grunern Buchh. seel. Erben zubefinden. 8°. Pp. (1-13) 14-200. Batsdorff is a pseudonym of Reibehand, who was Gotha, 1690, "mit 79 grossen und sonderbaren an apothecary at Gera. The first edition of the Wundern vermehrt." There was also an edition : ' Filum Ariadnes ' was published in 1636. Dufres- Gotha, 1718, 8°. A commentary on it entitled noy gives the title in Latin : Filum Ariadnes, seu Dilucidarius Batsdorfianus was written by I. L. Discursus Chimicus de Alchimistarum errpribus, & ab Indagine, and was appended to his work vero modo ad summum Secretum perveniendi, per Memorabilia Bismuthi, Nurnberg, 1782, 8°. Henric. a Batsdorff, Hermundurum, in 8°, 1636. The Filet d' Ariadne, ascribed to Duclo (q.v.) is The German was republished at Leipzig and not a translation of Reibehand's book. Neun und Siebenzig grofse und sonderbahre Wunder, so bey einem Special angegebenem Subiecto theils von der Natur, theils aber in der gefuhrten Arbeit sich befunden haben. Also dafs ein jeder so in Laboribus Chymicis erfahren, und in Libris Philosophicis belesen, zu sententioniren solte bezwungen werden, und sagen : Aut Hie Aut Nusquam. Auf Begehren eines guten Freundes publicirt. Leipzig und Gotha verlegts Augustus Boetius, 1690. 8°. Pp. 71 [i blank]. Title red and black. This tract which is the supplement to Batsdorff's but scant consideration, says that he had ' little Filum Ariadnes seems to have also formed a Christian love, and hid his light under a bushel,' separate publication, for it is mentioned as such and on the strength of that concludes that if he have not only in the Beytrag (p. 641) and by Gmelin, but not more compassion bestowed on him in the next there are copies both of the Filum with the supple- world than he showed in this, he will be in a bad ment and the supplement itself in the Bibliotheque way. But how about Fictuld himself? In the Ouvaroff. second edition of the Probier-Stein, Fictuld has Besides the Filum Ariadnes, Hendreich mentions himself pointed out, and apologised for, this mis- Nodus sophicus and sEnigma Sophicum, published placement, and has transferred Batsdorff to his at Coburg, in German. true position among the sophists. We may con- In the first edition of the Probier-Stein, Fictuld elude, therefore, that his doom is sealed! put him among the adepts, and yet he gives him Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, Berolini, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1699, p. 453. pp. 498, 615, 641. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1797, i. p. 522 ; Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 90. 1798, ii. p. 4, note q. Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 19. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1740, Th. i. p. 66 ; 1753, 1806-08, p. 134. Th. ii. p. 36. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 377. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 115. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1188-1190. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 97. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 209, 369. Archiv fiir Rosenkreutzer , 1785, ii. p. 354. REIME von der geheimen Filosofie der Chymisten mit Anmerkungen . . . von R. See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, II. i. p. 379. REIMEN. See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN. See RHYTHM1 GERMANICI. REIMLEIN. Uralte Reimlein an alle Goldbegierige Chymistem. See GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS, 1779, p. 79. 250 REINE— REINESIUS REINE hermetische Wahrheit. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, ii. p. 143. REINESIUS (THOMAS). Chimiatria, hoc est, Medicina, nobili et necessaria sui parte, Chimia, instructa et exornata, in Theatrum illustris ad Elistrum Ruthenei Sermone Panegyrico producta a Thoma Reinesio, Thur. Philos. et Med. D. t. t. Physico Rutheno- Gerano, postea vero Archiatro Saxo-Altenburgico, Medico, Critico, ac Poly- histore famigeratissimo. P. Andr. Matthiolus ad Andr. de Blauen 1. 4. epistolar. f. 180. Ausim dicere, neminem Medicum absolutum esse posse, imb ne mediocrem quidem, qui in nobilissima destillandi scientia non sit exercitatus : id cum alibi, turn inprimis in chronicis morbis est animadvertere, qui citra metallica devinci vix possunt. Nee desunt exempla magnorum Medicorum, qui remediis chimicis magnos effectus in curandis segris ediderunt. Jenae, Excudit Johannes Gollnerus, Anno M DC LXXVIII. 4°. Pp. [8] 56. Title red and black. Reinesius was born at Gotha, 13 Dec., 1587. His natural ability was displayed from his earliest years. At the age of three he was already at school, and when he was twelve he was able to write Greek and Latin. Notwithstanding his capacity he did not go to the University till 1603, when he was sent to Wittenberg. Theology was the subject designed for him, but as he had a difficulty in pronouncing the letter R (which, how- ever, he ultimately overcame), and felt that that would interfere with his duties, he turned to medi- cine and studied it under Sennertus. In 1607, for the sake of a stipend open to medical students, he went to Jena. Three years later he was in Prague and proceeded to Frankfurt a. d. Oder, to hear Rulan- dus. His love for medicine and antiquities led him to Italy, and he remained some time in Padua. On his return he stopped at Basel and graduated there. In 1615 he went to Altdorf where his relative, Caspar Hpfmann, was professor of medi- cine, in hope of being made a professor. He did not succeed, and instead was called in 1616 to Hof in Voigtland, to be physician to the Count of Reuss, and two years later to be head of the Gymnasium at Gera, in Misnia. In 1527 he removed to Altenburg as Saxon Leibmedicus and town phy- sician, and there he obtained such respect and fame by his cures and especially by his services during a visitation of the plague, that he was chosen Burgo- master, with the title of Councillor of the Elector of Saxony. In spite of much opposition which he had to face, he would not leave, and declined the offer of chairs of medicine in various Universities. He remained thirty-three years in Altenburg, gathered a fine library which was afterwards pur- chased by the Duke of Saxony through the inter- vention of von Seckendorf, and spent his leisure time in reading, book-writing and correspondence. Finally he resigned his offices, and retired to Leipzig and occupied himself with reading the Bible in the original languages and with religious exercises. He died 13 (14) Feb., 1667. The cause of his resignation is variously accounted for. The course of political affairs, it is said by Eloy, interfered with his studies and he made that the reason. Haller, however, who, by the way, puts his death in 1661, states as his opinion, that by his free speaking about people whom he ought to have cultivated, he made himself enemies, and left Altenburg when he saw that he no longer enjoyed any consideration. His ability, however, ought to have prevented that, for he was not only eminent in his profession, but he was exceptionally skilled in the language, history, antiquities and criticism of the ancients, and on that account received a pension from Louis XIV. of France, who .gladly observed and rewarded merit wherever it was displayed. Reinesius' scholarship was not only of the widest, but it was deep and accurate, and his insight as an original critic was so great that it has probably never been surpassed : vir ad miraculum eruditus, says Haller, not an unlearned man himself. The works in which is displayed the profoundest erudition are those which relate to antiquities, the most important being the supplement to Gruter's Inscriptions. But what specially concerns the historian of chemistry is his dissertation on the Greek chemi- cal writings preserved in the Gotha-Altenburg Manuscript. It was composed in German in 1634 and was printed by Cyprianus in his ' Cata- logus codicum manuscriptorum bibliothecze Goth- anae,' Lipsiae, 1714. It was afterwards translated into Latin by Fabricius in the Bibliotheca Grceca, 1724, and is often referred to by Kopp. In his Varia Lectiones, Altenburg, 1640, and the Defensiones Variarum Lectionum, Rostock, 1653 — another specimen of his learning and critical power — there is a good deal referring to ancient medicine and these alchemical writings. His projected history of medicine, for writing which no one was better qualified, was most un- fortunately never executed. The book now would have been invaluable. The first edition of the present work appeared at Gera, 1624, 4°. It is an argument for the import- ance of chemistry to medicine and for the use of drugs prepared from mineral sources, but it also deals with and illustrates the greater subject that there is no finality in medicine but continual change and progress. It gives in brief a review of advances which have been made, and it contains abundant evidence of the author's professional learning, both historical and practical. REINESIUS—REINHART 251 REINESIUS (THOMAS). Continued. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 195. Labbe, Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum, 1672, p. 203. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 684. Witte, Memories Philosopher um, 1679, Decas octava, pp. 461-472 (this is autobiographical to a large extent). Acta Eruditorum, 1682, p. 89 (review of the ' Varias Lectiones,' article by Daumius) ; 1685, p. 594 (notice of his tract ' De Sibyllinis Oraculis '). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1022. Witte, Dianum biographicum, 1688, sig. Yyy 3 recto, 14 Feb., 1667. Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die Historian literariam derer Teutschen, 1708, i. pp. 85, 150, 282, 308. Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die Historiam literariam antediluvianam, 1709, pp. 189-90, note. Fnd. Gotthilf Gotter, Elogia Clarorum Virorum qui Altenburgum . . . illustrarunt, Jenae, 1713, pp. 31-35 (Elogium) ; 73-80 (Epistolas Reinesii). Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce sues Pars III., 1719, p. 93 (work on ' Inscriptions' and references). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina, Hamb., 1721, i. p. 758 ; ii. p. 575 ('Inscriptions'). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Greeca, Hamb., 1724, xii. p. 748. (Dissertation on the Greek chemical MSS. in the Gotha Library, translated from the German.) Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, iv. p. 43. Mangel, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 50. Schelhorn, Amoenitates lilerariee, 1731, Parsxiv. p. 606 (note on the purchase of his library). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Mcdicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 280, 281, 282, 693. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 101 &° sqq. (the Greek chemical MS.), 284,753 (' doctissimus vir, nostraeque, dum viveret, Germanise decus' — and Morhof was a judge — ), 771, 794 ('profundae eru- ditionis vir, ac inter proecipuos nostrce Germanice numerandus'), 919, 925 ('Variae Lectiones'); ii. pp. 184 (Democritus), 253-4 (the Gotha MS.), 419 (the same). Niceron, Memoires, 1734, xxx. pp. 65-73. Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Buchern und der en Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1736, Th. vii. p. 655 (Cotter's opinion quoted); 1741, Th. xiii. p. 398 ; Th. xiv. pp. 470, 504. Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, p. 1 80. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 699. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p, 215 (Th. ii. lib. 17, cap. 16, § 22). (Quotes an unfavourable view of his religious opinions, already rebutted by Gotter.) Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. cols. 280- 282. Jacob Brucker, Ehren-tempel der Deutschen Gelehrsamkeit, Augspurg, 1747, pp. 110-115, with a portrait. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, I7SI. i- P- 387 1 ii. pp. 606, 88 1, 972 (highly praised). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1989 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1685. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, I7SS. >'• P- 322 ; 1778, iv. p. 47. Mpr6ri, Le grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, IX. i. p. H2. Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 444. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 437. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 352. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 332. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i. pp. 97, 226 ; 1777, ii. pp. 332, 528 (life and list of his works). Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 247-248, § 208. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 595-596 (Chimiatria, Ger. 1624, Jena, 1678). Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 347. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvi. p. 122. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 571. Biographic Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 282 ; no date, xxxv. p. 372 (article by Weiss). Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (Authors) ii. 797/- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 456. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 327- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. P- 537- Nouvelle Biographic Generale, 1862, xli. col. 922. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischcs Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 597. Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, p. 298. Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicalest 1870, i. p. 572. Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1876, iii. p. 345. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiien und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 697. B. Schuchardt, ' Lebensbeschreibungen beruhm- ter Aerzte und Naturforscher, welche aus Thiiringen stammen,' Correspondenz-Blatt des allgemeinen drztlichcn Vereins von Thiiringen, Weimar, 1888, xvii. pp. 556, 601. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1889, xxviii. p. 29 (article by R. Hoche, and references). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 22. RE1NHART (HANS CHRISTOFF). Liecht der Natur, das ist : Der warhafftigen Kunst Alchimise, hochstes Geheimnifs. Aufs welchem alle Alte vnd Newe Philosophi im vniversal vnd particular Werck, jhres begerens, als langes Lebens, stetwerender Gesund- heit, vnd erbarlichen Reichtumbsschatze dieser Welt, seynd gewehret worden. Nach versuchter Gewifsheit, vnnd eigner Erfahrung, in richtigster Richtschnur Linien, angesatzt. Sonderlich aber defs hocherleuchten 252 REINHART—REMEDIA REINHART (HANS CHRISTOFF). Continued. Mannes, Fratris Basilii Valentini Schrifften, griindlich zuverstehen, vnd niitzlich zu laboriren in Druck geben, durch Hans Christoff Reinhart, bey der Rom: Key: May: Hoffgefreyten Seitenstickern. lohann: III. Wer die Warheit liebt der kompt an das Liecht, denn seine Werck sind in Gott gethan. Gedruckt zu Hall, durch Erasmum Hynitzsch. In Verlegung Joachimi Krusecken. 8°. Sigs. A-H8 in eights, or pp. [127, i blank]. Title red and black. No date, about 1608. Das Valete : Vber den Tractat der Arcanorum Basilij Valentini zusammen gesetzten Hauptschlufs Puncten defs Liechts der Natur. Durch Hans Christoff Rheinhart den Eltern. Kauffe mich, lifs mich, verstehe mich, darnach judicire mich. Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachsen, durch Erasmum Hynitzsch. In Verlegung Joachimi Krusecken. 1608. 8°. Sigs. A-F7, F8 blank, in eights, or pp. [94, 2 blank]. Johann Christoph Reinhard, an alchemist and As the author here in the Valete calls himself enthusiast at the beginning of the seventeenth 'the elder,' that would imply that there was a century, was born at Schongau, in Upper Bavaria, junior Hans Christoff. If he distinguished himself A tract entitled : Diss. de jure aquarum metalli- at all, it was not in chemistry so far as I have carum singular!, von Berg-Wassern, is assigned to observed. a Reinhard in Leupold's Prodromus, but it is not certain that he is identical with the present writer. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 195 (just Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 563, mentions the author). note. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccs, Semler, Unparteiische Samlun^en zur Historic 1732, p. 117. der Rosenkreuzer, 1798, ii. pp. 54, 65. Jocher, Allgemeincs Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 208 col. 1992. (incidental mention only in connection with Basilius Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten- Valentinus). Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, P- 55° (quotes Jocher, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 387. and Annalen der Baierischen Literatur, Nurnberg, 1781-84). REISE Friedrich Galli nach der Einode St. Michael. See JEAN DE MEHUN, Der Spiegel der Alchemie, 1771. See CALLUS (FRIEDRICH). RELIGION der altesten Naturforscher und so genannten Adepten. See SCHADE (GEORG). REMEDIA Sympathetica ; das ist Sammlung der bewahrtesten sympathetischen, antipathetischen und spagyrischen Mittel und Zauberkrafte bey Krankheiten der Menschen und Thiere, gegen Behexen und das Anthun boser Leute, gegen allerhand Laster, als Trunk und Spiel, fur die gegenseitige Zartlichkeit zwischen Eheleuten, verschiedene Jagerkunste, wider schadliche Thiere, Verwahrungsmittel wider Hieb und Stich, u. s. w., ingleichen Anweisung beim Verfahren des magischen Schatzgrabens, zu der Metoscopie, oder Kunst aus den Runzeln der Stirnen wahrzusagen, und der Deutung der Schonheitsmaaler. Gebrauch der Temperamentenblatter, der magischen Briefdruckerey und des Eyerschreibens so wie die sehr hohe und geheime Kunst Salomonis. Mit i Kupfer. Leipzig, literarisches Centralcomptoir in Commission. 8°. Pp. [2] vi., H2 [2]. Folding plate. Without date, about 1780? REMMELIN 253 REMMELIN (JOHANN). Sphyngis Victor, das ist, Entdeckung Herrn lohannis Faulhaberi, bestellten Rechenmeisters vnnd Mathematici in Vim, himmlischen geheimen Magiae, oder newen Cabalistischen Kunst : vnd wunder Rechnung, vom Gog vnd Magog, geschehen. Von lohanne Remmelino Philos. & Med. Doctore. Getruckt zu Kempten, bey Christoff Kraufs. In verlegung Stephan Michel- spachers. Anno M.DC.XIX. 4°. Signatures A-C in fours, Da ; or, ff. [14]. Ornamental border to the title-page ; on the reverse is a set of symbols, and on D 2 is a drawing of the strange fish caught at Neuss in Silesia in August, 1609, which had on its skin the date and a number of symbols indicating what was to happen to the Holy Roman Empire. The skin was duly sent to the Emperor. This tract is not about chemistry. Remmelin was born at Ulm in 1585, studied at Tubingen and took the degree of Master in 1604. He continued his studies at Basel and was created doctor of medicine there in 1607. In Ulm he held the post of town physician, but, on account of dis- putes with other doctors, he left in 1628 and received a similar appointment at Schorndorf, whence he went to Aalen and finally to Augsburg. According to his contemporaries, he was celebrated as an anatomist and skilled in mathematics. A portrait of him on copper was engraved in 1618, and there is another without place and date. He published several works on mathematics and on numbers (of which the above is one), enumerated by Rotermund. The following book is also ascribed to him : Ferince Weltzheimenses oder griindliche Erforschung von Natur, Eigenschafften und Ge- brauch des heilsamen Wildbrunnens zu Weltzen, das Thier- oder Wildbad genannt, Augspurg, 1619, 4°, which is not mentioned by Rotermund. Another important and novel work by him is the following : Johannis Remmelini Suevo-Vlmensis, Philo- sophise & Medicinae Doctoris, Catoptrum Micro- cosmicum, suis aere incisis visionibus splendens. Cum historia & Pinace, de nouo prodit. . . . Ulmae Sueuorum Sumptibus lohannis Gorlini M. nc. XXXTX. Large folio, pp. 28 (misprint for 26) ; engraved title, and plates on pp. 9, 15, 21. The plates are marked 'I. R. Inuentor' ; 'L. K. sculptor'; ' Stephan Michelspacher excudit.' The colophon : Ulmae, Sumptibus Johannis Cerlini, Bibliopolae, Imprimebat Balthasar Kiihne, Reipubl. istius Typographus. Anno M DC xxxix. There is said to have been an edition at Augs- purg, 1619, fol., but I have not seen it. Of the edition of 1639 I have seen two copies, one in the British Museum and one in the Hunterian Library, Glasgow University. The latter has the plates in very good state, considering how easily they can be injured by use. This book is a treatise on anatomy, and consists of a series of plates in layers, so that the parts beneath can be seen in succession by lifting the hinged portions, an idea which originated with Remmelin. This book was translated into German and of this version I have seen a copy in the collec- tion of my colleague, Professor Cleland. Kleiner Welt Spiegel, das ist: Abbildung Gottlicher Schopffung an defs Menschen Leib, mil beygesetz- ter Schrifftlicher Erkliirung, so wol zu Gottes Weifsheit, als defs Menschen selbst Erkandtnus dienend, Aufs, Johannis Remmilini, Philosophise et Medicinae Doctoris, Lateinischem Exemplar, in die Teutsche Sprach vbersetzet, durch, M. lohannem Ludovicum Remmelinum, Med. Stud. Authoris filium. . , . Augustae Vindelicorum, gedruckt durch Johann Ulrich Schonigk, In verlag Johann Remelins Burgers in Ulm. Anno M.DC.XXXii. Large folio ; title leaf, on the verso of which is a portrait of Remmelin, 'An. Chr. 1618. /Et. 35.' Pp. 22. Illustrations on pp. 7, 13, 19. There is no copy of this in the British Museum. There was also a translation into English : A Survey of the Microcosm, by Clopton Havers, with plates by Michel Spacher of the Tyrol, and Remmelinus corrected. London, 1702, fol. There does not seem to be a copy of this book in the British Museum. Michelspacher's anatomical work : ' Pinax micro- cosmographicus,' though published in 1615, was in reality Remmelin's, because, according to Haller, he got the plates from Remmelin ; Michelspacher was only the printer. Under the entry CABALA Michelspacher has been credited with the authorship of the Pinax Micro- cosmographicus on the authority of Mercklin and others. It is, however, only fair to him to state that he himself makes no such claim, and in the Epistle or Dedication of the CABALA to Remmelin, dated 1662, he describes the position of the affair as clearly as his wordinesses and worthinesses, his long windedness and constant use of titles, will permit. After the usual flourish to his Gracious Patron, he refers to the work on anatomy, which he had been anxious to publish but was let therein by various hindrances till at last Remmelin con- sented to its publication on condition that his name did not appear as the author's. This, as Michel- spacher states, was almost futile, seeing that both his arms and ' Contrafactur ' were on the title-page and would give the reader a hint on the subject. But when it was dedicated to the young nobleman Phil. Hainhofer in Augspurg, who was a connois- seur and judge of such devices, he became very pressing to know the author, and Michelspacher having obtained Remmelin's permission made it known in this preface. Afterwards, of course, Remmelin's name ap- peared on the title-page. As Remmelin calls himself ' Suevo-Ulmensis ' on the title-page of this work, Portal has been misled into stating that he was a Swedish physician, and he seems to be of opinion that the 'Catoptrum' was an instrument of his invention, which magni- fied the parts and enabled them to be more easily seen. But there is no instrument, unless the layered plates be considered such, and the title means simply a mirror of the microcosm. 254 REMMELIN—REQUISITA RE ALIA REMMELIN QOHANN). Continued. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 685. Mercklin, Lindcnius renovatus, 1686, p. 665. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 55. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomices Specimen, 1734, p. 218 (discussion on the editions ; says no- thing about Vesalius, but speaks of Michelspacher). Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, P- 275. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 558. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. p. 512. Portal, Histoire de VAnatomieet de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 424. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 332. Eloy, Dictionnaire hisiorique de la Midecine, 1755, ii. p. 313 ; 1778, iv. p. 26. 'Ro\.e.imw\d,Fortsetzungund Erganzungensu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vj. col. 1780. Ludwig Choulant, Geschichte und Bibliographie der Anatomischen Abbildung, Leipzig, 1852, pp. 82-83. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 33. RENATUS (SINCERUS). See RICHTER (SAMUEL). RENODyEUS (JOANNES). Institutionum Pharmaceuticarum Libri V. See UFFENBACH (PETRUS), Dispensatorium, 1631. Jean de Renou, latinized Renodseus, of Coutan- ces in Normandy, studied and graduated at Paris, became Royal Councillor and Physician, and was specially devoted to pharmacy. He did a good deal for it, and the dispensatory which he com- piled enjoyed great popularity, though it may say little for the therapeutics of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-. His works were translated into French by Louis de Serres, who places him above all his predecessors in the same walk, and says that he surpassed Fernelius and Sylvius and all who had written on pharmacy, as far as they had excelled Myrepsus and Praepositus. He was not friendly towards Lazarus Riverius, physician of Henry IV., for he calls him an empiric. He overturned a multitude of popular errors about the virtues of plants and minerals, though he himself was not devoid of some erroneous notions. Having taken some things from the ' Pharmaco- poeia ' of Bauderon, he was dubbed a plagiarist by that writer's son, who maintained that the 'Anti- Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books, London, 1675, sign. Ri verso, D3 recto. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 685 (Dispensatorium, 1627). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 666. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, iv. p. 48. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 55. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 613. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. p. 1033. MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759, ix. i. p. 141. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 432. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 280, 327- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practica, 1777, ii. REQUISITA REALIA. See SINCERUS. dotarium ' had been made up by innumerable thefts and especially from Bauderon. To this atlack Renod£eus replied showing how absurd the accusalion was. His works are : Dispensalorium Galeno-chymicum. Numerous edilions of Ihe ' Dispensalorium ' are recorded: Paris, 1608, 4°; Francof., 1609, 4°; 1615, 4° ; Paris, 1623, 4° ; Hanau, 1631, 4° (as above) ; Geneva, 1645, 4°. The English translation is mentioned by Will. Cooper : A Medicinal Dispensatory . . . discover- ing the natures, properties and vertues of Vegel- ables, Minerals and Animals, . . . with an absolule Pharmacopoaa, London, 1657, 4° ; the translator was R. Tomlinson. There is a copy in the British Museum. De Materia Medica Libri Tres. Antidotarium varium et absolutissimum. The works were printed at Frankfurt, 1609, 8°, and with Josephus Quercetanus' Pharmacopoeia dogmaticorum, ediled by Peler Uffenbach, Hanau, 1631, 4°. p. 402. (Compare also J. de Renou, ii. pp. 271, 279, 334, 400, for disserlations under that name). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 578 (Instilulionum Pharmaceulicarum Libri v., Fran- cof., 1609, &c. ). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 122 (Anlidolarium), 129 (Dispensa- torium). Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 574. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, ii. pp. 210, 499, 899, 926 (call the Dispensa- torium ' a priceless work, above all praise,' and give interesting extracls). Nouvelle Biographic Glnfrale, 1862, xli. col. 1029. Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Mtdicales, 1870, ii. p. 826. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 40. RESCH—RESPONSUM 255 RESCH (JOAN ULRICH). Osiandrische Experiment von Sole, Luna & Mercurio. Welche in furnehmer Herren laboratoriis probirt worden, daraufs mehr per Exempla als Rationes, oder durch viel verwirrte Procefs, verkehrte Sophistische vnd vnniitze Biicher, verschrauffte Wort vnd subtile Reden, &c. die wahre Philosophische Materi, rechte Solution, Gewicht, Glas, Ofen vnd Regierung defs Feuers zu fassen, vnd zumal man richtige Anleitung hat, dem Werck zur Tinctur vnd Artzney weiter nachzudencken vnd zu ergriinden. Mit angehangtem hierzu dienlichem vnd niemals in Druck gebrachten Tractatlein, De igne Philosophico investigando & moderando pro solutione debita acquirenda, auch Historien wahrhaffter Verwandlung der Metallen in Gold vnd Silber. Item, wie man sich vor Betriegern hiiten soil: safnt andern zur Praxin vnd Haubtwesen gehorigen vnd notirten Observationen vnd Explicationen colligirt vnd practicirt durch Joan Ulrich Reschen, D. Avicenna. Neminem Magisterium lapidis unquam negasse, qui esset sapiens. Niirnberg, Bey Johann-Andreas vnd Wolffgang Endters defs Jiingern sel. Erben, 1659. 8°. Pp. [8] 327 [i blank]. Historical in part. I have not found anything about Resch, the earlier. Chapter x. in the present book is a editor of this book. He says, however, distinctly in reprint of Ewald von Hohelande's tract : Kurtzer the preface that the author of the experiments was Bericht und klarer Beweifs, &c. , so that it contains Lucas Osiander, professor and cancellarius at some historical matter. Gmelin assigns the ex- Tubingen, with his brother, Johann Otto, Abbot periments to Johann Adam Osiander, without of Adelberg. They communicated their experi- specifying which he means, and without considera- ments and observations some five and thirty years tion of what Resch himself states. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 65. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 329. p. 619. RESPONS von der F. R. C. zu etlichen ihren Clienten abgeben. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, p. 228. See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS), Wasserstein der Weisen, 1704, p. 204. See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS), Wasserstein der Weisen, 1743, P- I9°- See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Philosophia Salomonis, 1753, p. 200. This is a translation of the ' Responsiones Duoe ' below. RESPONSIO ad Epistolam J. Ferdinandi Hertodt von Todtenfeldt. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 699. RESPONSIONES Duae F. R. C. ad quosdam suos Clientes. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 393. RESPONSUM einer beruhmten Juristen-Facultat : da sich ein Ehemann belehren lasset : Ob ihm das seiner Frauen in Gold transmutirte silberne Gefasse nicht zukomme ? oder doch wenigstens der usus fructus davon. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 113. RESPONSUM ad Fratres Rosaceae Crucis illustris. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. P- 349- See also ROSICRUCIANS. 256 RESPOUR RESPOUR (P. M. DE). Rares Experiences sur 1'Esprit Mineral, pour la Preparation et Transmutation des Corps Metaliques. Oil est enseigne la maniere de faire les Agens necessaires, qui ont este jusques aujourd'huy inconnus & cachez au Public. Avec la connoissance du mouvement general & particulier du Monde Ele- mentaire & de ce qui y est contenu. Par Monsieur D * * * Tome premier. A Paris, Chez Emanuel Langlois, rue S. lacques, a la Reyne du Clerge*. Et Chez Claude Barbin, au Palais, sur le second Perron de la sainte Chapelle. M.DC.LXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [24] 72 ; 106 ; 100 [2]. Though entitled Tome premier the work is complete. At all events no second volume is mentioned. Exposition of the Smaragdine Table, Liv. iii. pp. 38-42. P. M. von Respurs besondere Versuche vom Mineral-Geist zur Auflosung und Verwandlung derer Metallen auch von der Bewegung der Welt und ihrer Theile. Aus dem Franzosischen iibersetzt mit Anmerkungen erst heraus- gegeben von Johann Friedrich Henkeln Konigl. Pohln. und Churfl. Sa'ch- sischen Bergrath nunmehro aber aufs neue durchsehen und hier und da vermehret von D. Johann Gottlob Lehmann Konigl. Preufsisch. Bergrath, Mitglied der Kais. Rufsischen, Konigl. Preufs. Akademie derer Wissensch. und der Churmaynzisch. niitzlichen Wissenschaften. Leipzig, bey Engelhart Benjamin Schwickert 1772. 8°. Pp.333. Index [15]. Advertisements [2]. Frontispiece. Pp. 15-16 dropped. Exposition of the Smaragdine Table, pp. 263-265, and note pp. 280-284. Rares Experiences sur 1'esprit mineral pour la preparation et transmutation des corps mdtalliques oil est enseigne la maniere de faire les Agens ndcessaires, qui ont e"te" jusqu'aujourd'hui inconnus et cache's au Public. Avec la connoissance du mouvement general et particulier du Monde Elementaire et de ce qui y est contenu. Par Monsieur de Respour. Tome Premier. Nouvelle Edition revue et corigee par Christian Frederic Keller, Docteur en Medecine et Physicien ordinaire du Baillage de Langensalza. Avec Privilege du Se're'n. Elect, de Saxe. a Leipzig, chez Christian Gottlob Hilscher 1777. 8°. Pp. [30] 192. Though called Tome premier the work is complete. Exposition of the Smaragdine Table, pp. 146-148. The first edition is that of 1668. The author's Henckel, in his preface, says that the author was name is contained in the ' Privilege," but whether from Flanders, and is of opinion from his phraseo- the letters S. P. M. preceding the name are logy that he was a soldier. He wrote this book at Respour's initials or not I am unable to say, but the age of 24, and in French, of which he admits have assumed that they are. In the German the he was not quite master. Henckel thinks that the initials are P. M. so that S. possibly stands for initial D * * * on the title-page shows that the book Seignerir. was edited by some one else, but does it not stand The book had become extremely rare when it simply for De Respour? He also questions was translated by Henckel, with added notes, and whether the third book is by Respour on account of published first at Dresden and Leipzig in 1743, difference of style. It would appear that other re-edited by Lehmann and published in 1772 (as books had been composed or meditated by Respour, above), and then the original French was reprinted but were not published. Probably that is the at Leipzig, 1777 (as above), with a preface by reason why this appears alone as Tome Premier. Keller, in which he comments on the translation, A good deal of importance seems to have been on Respour's aim, and on the term '/.ink which he attached to this book by the metallurgists of the employs. This word seems to have puzzled time. The prefaces to the different editions should Lehmann also. be considered. RESPO UR—RE TZEL 257 RESPOUR (P. M. DE). Continued. In the third book there is an exposition, section by section, of the Smaragdine table (pp. 38-42). The three books into which the work is divided are entitled respectively : I. De la Nature en General, pp. 72. II. Des Agens Metaliques, pp. 106. III. Le Retour d' Hermes, pp. 100. In Book I. the signatures run from A to Eiiij in eights. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274. L.a.Ara.g\ie,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1770, Nos. 1085. In Books II. and III. the signatures run con- tinuously from A to N in eights. Baumer quotes the German translation by Henckel, Dresden, 1743, 8°, enlarged by Leh- mann, Leipzig, 1771, 8°, and this last is also quoted by Gmelin. The 1772 issue is not alluded to. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 56. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 338. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 243 ; 1847, iv. p. 121. RESPUR (P. M. VON). See RESPOUR (P. M. DE). RETZEL (GEORG FRIDERICH). Der Sechs Tage-Wercke dieser Welt Geheime Bedeutung im Spiegel der uhralten, und Mosaischen Philosophic entdecket, Was die Eigenschafft der oberen, und unteren Wasser sey ; und wie daraus alles seinen Ursprung habe ; Wie die Wiirckung des Oberen in das Untere vollenbracht, und daher in dieser Welt alles erhalten, und fortgepflantzet werde ; Woher jedes sein Leben, auch wieder seinen Tod, und Verderben bekomme ; Was der in Eden gepflantzte Garten, auch der von Eden ausgehende Strohm mit seiner vierfachen Abtheilung seyn konne; Was der Baum des Erkantnisses, wie auch die List, und Sprechen der Schlangen gewesen ; Wie das Austreiben von Garten Eden, und der davor gelagerte Cherubim mit den blossen hauenden Schwerdte zuverstehen ; \Yelchen aus gleichen Principiis beygefiiget wird Ein Bericht von denen unsichtbahren Creaturen, Feuer- Lufft- Wasser- und Erd- Geistern, auch Gespenstern, und andern diesen zugehorigen Sachen. Denen Suchenden der Wahrheit, und vom Geist der verwirrung in denen allermeist recipirten mancherley Meynungen noch nicht gantz geblendeten, Aus Liebe mitgetheilet von D. Georg Friderich Retzeln Fiirstl. Braunschw. Liineb. Berg-Rath, wie auch der Ko'nigl. Preufsischen Societal der Wissenschafften Mitgliede. Blanckenburg, Durch H. C. Struven, Hertzogl. privilegirten Buchdr. Anno 1722. 8°. Pp. [48] 391 [i]. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Retzel, or Ratzel, was Dr. and Mining Councillor at Blankenburg, and member of the Royal Prussian Society of Sciences. Besides the above, he wrote : Der geheimen Natur erSffnele Pforten und dero- selben wiirkende Eigenschaften in gut und bose, woher erkannt werden mag, woraus Gesundheit und Krankhcit, ingleichen Medicin und Gift pro- ducirt werde, so auch was die Essentia rerum und die von alien Chymicis langst zu wissen gewiinschte erste Materieder philosophischen Universalmedicin sey, denen Suchenden zum Besten. Blankenburg, 1718, 8°. Hallische Vermischte Dibliothek, 1715, 1505 and a concluding condemnation of it as a 'fanatical, Stuck, p. 177. Bohmistic book '). Unschuldige Nachrichten ; Fortgesetzte Samm- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 577. lung von Alien und Neucn Theologischen Sachen, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 363. Leipzig, 1735, pp. 713-731 (an abstract of the work, II. R 258 REUDENIUS—REUSNER REUDENIUS (MICHAEL). Bedencken ob vnd wie die Artzneyen, so durch die Alchimistische Kunst bereitet werden, sonderlich vom Vitriol, Schwefel, Antimonio Mercuric, vnd dergleichen fruchtbarlich zugebrauchen sein. Menniglich zur nachrichtung kiirtzlich verfasset, durch Michaelem Reudenium, der Philosophey vnd Medicin Doctorem, vnd der zeit verordneten Physicum der Keyserlichen freyen Berckstadt Schlackenwalds. Mit einer kurtzen Vorrede von dem vnterschied der Hermetischen vnd Galenischen Medicin loachimi Tanckij, D. & Profess. Cum gratia & privilegio. Leipzig In verlegung Johann Rosen, Buchhendlers daselbst, Im Jahr M.DC.V. 8°. Pp. [23, i blank] 101 [i]. MS. notes at the end. Title red and black in a narrow border. Colophon and Emblem : Michael destroying Satan : — Gedruckt zu Leipzig bey Michael Lantzenberger. Im Jahr 1605. He was the son of Ambrosius Reuden, doctor of De novo gummi purgante epistolaad Schwarzium. theology, not at Bamberg, but probably at Jena, Ejusdem apologia ad Hechstetterum cum Payeri and was born about 1571 or 1572, and was the Tractat. de thermis Carolinis, Lips., 1614, 8°; eldest of seven. He became doctor of medicine, Leyden, 1625, 12°. lived in Schlackenwald, and practised at Karlsbad De corporibus mineralibus, prascipue metallis with great reputation. in genere, Jenae, 1600, 4°. He wrote several tracts : Observations Carolina:, darinnen von der Natur Disputatio de dolore, Jena, 1596, 4°. des Kaiser Karlsbadcs gehandelt wird, translated Observationes de Thermis Carolinis, Jena, 1611, into German by Melchior Rethnicus, Jena, 1611, 8°; Leipzig, 1614, 12°. 8°; Leipz., 1614, 12°. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, l&37> P- 364 (calls him ' Bambergensis '). 1751, ii. P- 1039. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 821, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. 1050. col. 2028 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- Joh. Christoph. Becman, Catalogus Bibliotheca ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1863. Publics Universitatis Francofurtance , Francof. ad Frid. Boerner, Bibliothecae Librorum rariorum Viadrum, 1706, p. 245 (Observationes Carolinae, physico-medicorum . . . specimen secundum, Helme- Jen., 1611, 8°; Ep. de novo Gummi purgante, stadii, 1752, pp. 61-65 (' Discursus philosophico- Lugd., 1625, 12°). medicus,' Jena, 1618, 8°, about Karlsbad). Jo. Caspar Zeumer, Vitae Professorum . . , qui Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 417. in illustri Academia lenensi . . . mxeriint et ad- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. hue vivunt, lenae, 1711, Classis I. p. 94. p. 377. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 1731, II. ii. p. 56. p. 588. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 513, P- 7°2- 568 ; 1798, ii. p. 771, (discourse on Karlsbad and Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Eger, Jena, 1718). Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 290. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 877 1806-08, pp. 101, 124. (born at Bamberg). REUSNER (HiERONYMUs). Pandora: Das ist, Die edelst Gab Gottes, oder der werde vnd heilsame Stein der Weysen, mit welchem die alten Philosophi, auch Theophrastus Paracelsus, die vnvollkommene Metallen durch gewalt des Fewrs verbessert : sampt allerley schedliche vnd vnheilsame kranckheiten, jnnerlich vnnd eusserlich haben vertrieben. Ein Guldener Schatz, welcher durch einen Liebhaber dieser Kunst, von seinem Vndergang errettet ist worden, vnd zu Nutz alien Menschen, furnemlich den Liebhabern der Paracelsischen Artzney, jetzt widerumb in Truck verfertiget. Getruckt zu Basel, Durch Sebastianum Henricpetri. 8°. Pp. [16] 317 [i blank], [i] Colophon : Getruckt zu Basel durch Sebastianum Henricpetri. Anno do IDXXCVIII. [i] Petri's device. 42 woodcuts. He was the son of Christopher Reusner, and was physician at Hof in Vogtland and then at' Nord- born at Lemberg in Silesia 26 Sept., 1558. He lingen. graduated as M.D. at Basel, and became town REUSNER 259 REUSNER (HIERONYMUS). Continued. He wrote a small number of medical works : De pollinclura et sepultura cadaverum. Decisiones, Basileas, 1578, 4°. Epistolas, Francof., 1600, 8°. Tractatus de Scorbuto, 1600. Urinarum probationes lodoci Willichii illustrate Scholiis Medicis, . . . Remedia item plurima ex urina desumpta, Basil., 1582, 8". Curationes et observationes medicas in the 'Sylloge' of Georg Hieron. Welsch, Aug. Vindel., 1668, 4°. Beschreibung des mineralischen Bades zu Wemb- dingen, Neuburg, 1618, 8°. This was apparently a posthumous publication. ' Pandora ' is not mentioned by Eberti, but his judgment on the author is flattering : ' Vir certe eruditus, qui editis cultissimi sui ingenii & ex- quisitse doctrinas lucubrationibus aeternum nomen sibi comparavit,' but his name is hardly remembered now. The first edition of the present work appeared in 1582, with the following title-page : Pandora, Das ist, Die Edleste Gab Gottes, oder der Werde vnnd Heilsamme Stein der Weisen, mit welchem die alien Philosophi, auch Theophrastus Paracelsus, die vnuolkomene Metallen, durch gewalt des Fewrs verbcssert : sampt allerley schadliche vnd vnheilsame Kranckheiten, jnnerlich vnd eusserlich haben vertrieben. Ein Guldener Schatz, welcher durch einen Lieb- haber diser Kunst, von seinem Vntergang errettet ist worden, vnnd zu nutz alien Menschen, fiirnem- lich den Liebhabern der Paracelsischen Artzney, erst jetz in Truck verfertiget. Getruckt zu Basel. Anno M.D.LXXXII. 8° pp. [16] 309 [i blank]. Colophon : Getruckt zu Basel, bey Samuel Apiario. Symbolical woodcuts in the text. Reusner was apparently only the editor of this book, and he calls it ' Pandora Francisci Epi- methei ' as if that were indeed the author's name. That, however, wears the air of a pseudonym, and accordingly Fictuld informs us that the real name of the author was Ulmannus, and that he was a Franciscan. Schmieder, on the other hand, states boldly, ' Hieronymus Reufsner wrote : Epimethei Pandora, oder Stein der Weisen, . . . Basel, 1598, 8°.' Though the book probably made its first appear- ance in 1582, at all events in German, it, or the symbolical pictures in it, were known some time earlier. In an anonymous tract, entitled : ' Liber de Ars Aurifera, 1572, p. 664. Maier, Symbola Aureee Mensa, 1617, p. 274. Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 702, 987. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 213. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 686. Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medico, 1679, pp. 4ib, i3ib, I57b. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686. p. 430. Johann Caspar Eberti, Leorinum eruditum, in quo viri, quos protulit Leoberga Silesiorum, script is et eruditione celebres, centuria quadam compre- henduntur ac breviter, delineantur, Wratislaviae, 1714, p. 45, and references. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 56. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 703- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 964. arle chimica incerti authoris,' printed in the ARS AURIFKRA, 1572, there appears at the conclusion of Cap. xvii. a description which applies unmis- takably to certain of ihe allegorical plales conlained in ihe ' Pandora,' ihough ihe book iiself is not menlioned by name. After explaining ihese in some detail, and show- ing how widely symbols had been used, ihe author adds : ' Has not also Ulmannus a Franciscan monk and " frater minor" described our wisdom wilh greal skill in the German tongue and tesled il by ihe Passion, and proved that it is sure?' It is on this passage that Fictuld based his stalement thai Ulmannus was the author of the Pandora, but it is difficult to see any justification of this view in the words employed. This anonymous tract is contained, of course, in the different editions and translalions of Ihe ARS AURIFEKA. See the edition of 1610, i. pp. 400-401, and Morgenstern's translation, 1613, i. p. 552 ; 1750, i. p. 671. It would seem, however, as if the plates had been known before 1572, whether accompanied by a verbal elucidation of their meaning or not. For, even before this, namely in 1550, one or two of the plales had already appeared in ihe ROSARIUM PHILOSOPHORUM along wilh ihe verses, which, with some omissions, are also contained in the ' Pan- dora.' One of these plates, which represents a herma- phroditic figure holding in one hand a goblet with three serpents rising out of it, and in the other a single serpent, is referred to by Michael Maier in the Symbola Aurets Mensce, 1617, who says that between it and the accompanying verses — rythmi germanici he calls ihem — Ihe aulhor elucidates the whole of the art. Maier gives a translation, be- cause they had not been put into Lalin before, and because of their truth and merit. These are the verses in the 1550 edilion of the ROSARIUM, sig. Miiij. Maier, however, has made his quotation from the ROSARIUM and not from the 'PANDORA' with which, indeed, he does not seem to have been acquainted. It may be observed lhal while both coniain allegorical pictures, expressing alchemical processes, one set is quite different from Ihe olher, wilh ihe exceplions already specified. The verses also seem to apply more correctly lo Ihe plate in Ihe ' Pandora ' to which they are referred, than to that in the Rosarium, but the subject is by no means clear and it stands in need of further investigalion. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 203 ; Rolermund, Fortsetzung und Ergiins- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1874 (lisl of his works). Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p, 118. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 1755. »• P- 323 ! 1778, iv. p. 55. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 252. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1777, ii. p. 236 ; 1779, iii. p. 84. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 579, 582, 650 (Fauslius1 edilion). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 293 (Pandora, 1598). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 323, 5i4- Ladrague, Bibltotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1044. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 368. RE USNER—RE YHER REUSNER (HIERONYMUS). Continued. Compendium Alchymist. Novum, sive Pandora Explicata et Figuris Illustrata. See FAUSTIUS (JOHANNES MICHAEL). REUSS (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH). D. Christ. Frider. Reuss Medicinse Professoris Publici in Alma Eberhardino- Carolina, Serenissimi Ducis Margrafii Badensis Consiliarii, Acad. Imp. nat. curios. Reg. Dan. Scient. ejusque oecon. Elect. Mogunt. nee. non Soc. Elect. Lips, oecon. Tigur. phys. & Berol. amicorum naturae Scrutator. Sodal. Dispensatorium Universale seu Lexicon Chemico-Pharmacevticum ad Tempora nostra Accommodatum Editio Secunda aucta et emendata Sectio Prior A-L. Argentorati Apud Amand Koenig 1791. 8°. Pp. xxxii. 1-640. Sectio Posterior M-Z [4] 645-1504. Bound in 4 vols. Interleaved. MS. notes. [Another Copy.] Christian Friedrich Reuss was born at Copen- Mainz, and Berlin, and in 1808 was created Knight hagen 7 July, 1745. He studied in Tubingen, took of the Wiirtemberg Civil Service order, and died the degree of M.D. in 1769, and after graduation 17 (19) Oct., 1814 (1813). travelled through Germany. In 1771 he was He is the author of a number of works on medi- appointed extraordinary professor of medicine at cine, botany, pharmacy, dietetics, technology, Tubingen, and, in 1706, ordinary professor. veterinary medicine, social economy, &c. He con- He was councillor of the Marckgraf of Durlach, a tributed nothing to Chemistry in special, member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, the It was his brother, Jeremias David, who compiled Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, the Physical the Repertorium commentationum, and Das gelehrte Society of Zurich, and of other Societies in Leipzig, England. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 663. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Balthasar Haug, Das Gelehrte Wirtemberg, 25), vi. p. 576. Stuttgart, 1790, p. 151 (list of his writings). Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Histonque de la Mtde- Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 798. der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 5te Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, ii. Ausgabe, Lemgo, 1798, vi. pp. 321-324 ; 1803, x. p. 692. p. 470. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Johann Jacob Gradmann, Das gelehrte Schwaben : worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 613. oder Lexicon der jetztlebenden sclvwabischen Schrift- Dictionnaire Encyclop/*dique des Sciences Mldi- iteller (Ravensburg), 1802, p. 486 (from Meusel cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1876, iv. p. 310. and personal information). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hcrvorragen- Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexiko, 1819, vi. p. 714 (by Pagel). col. 1883. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 93. REVELATOR. See MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator, 1688. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermdtique, 1742, iii. p. 101. REYHER (SAMUEL). Samuelis Reyheri, Jc. Antecessoris & Mathematum Professoris in Academia Christian-Albertina Juridico-Philosophica Dissertatio de Nummis quibusdam ex Chymico Metallo factis. Kilise Holsatorum, clolocxcn. Typis Joachimi Reumanni, Acad. Typogr. 4°. Pp. [8], [i] 2-141. Index [3]. Folding plate of a Pedigree. Woodcuts of medals, etc. , in the text. KEY HER 261 REYHER (SAMUEL). Continued. Reyher, son of Andreas Reyher, was born at Schleusingen 19 April, 1635. After attending school there, he went in 165410 Leipzig University, and found a friend and patron in Andreas Winkler. He became bachelor in 1655, master in 1656. He then went to Holland, continued his studies at Leyden, and returned to Leipzig. He delivered lectures, but soon after was appointed tutor of the eldest son of Duke Ernst in Gotha. In 1665 he was made Doctor of Laws at Leyden, and, thereafter, the same year was chosen professor of mathematics and law at Kiel. He rose to various offices, was a councillor, and a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin. He died at Kiel, 22 Nov., 1714. He wrote very largely on optics, astronomy, meteorology, &c. , and a tract ' De auro et argento chymico,' which seems to be merely the present work under another title. In the present work, besides describing coins made from chemical gold and silver, he has chapters on Chemical Enigmas, Goldmaking among the Egyptians, on Mercury, on the goodness of chemical gold, on the Canon law condemning goldmaking, opinions of jurists about artificial gold, &c., winding up with the narratives of the curious occurrence at Walkenried. In the Benedictine monastery of Walkenried, afterwards used as a school, the boys were trying one day in the cloister who could jump the farthest, when one of them lighted on a place where he stuck fast and could not be moved by his com- panions. The master came, and when he too failed, it occurred to him that the place must be spell-bound, so that the boy could not get away until something hidden was revealed. So he bade the boy look about him and when he observed letters and marks on the wall, and had shown them to the master, the latter understood that treasure was concealed there, and the boy was forth with free to move from the enchanted place. When all was quiet the master returned, opened the place indicated in the wall, abstracted a small box and then disappeared, leaving his belongings behind him. From which people suspected that the box had contained the ' Lapis philosophicus.' Wishing confirmation of this narrative as 'given by Morhof, Reyher got a letter from a bookseller in Liineberg, Johann Stern by name, to this effect: 'In 1656,' he says, 'when I was living at Wolffenbiittel, I was asked by my cousin to visit the rector at Walken- ried and enquire how his son, who was on that foundation, was getting on. I did so, and stopped there a couple of days on account of the quiet and solitude of the place, the rector, when he had leisure, conducting me over the ruins. ' As we were walking in the cloister, he said he must tell me a queer story. Sometime previously, For chemical coins and medals, see Buddeus, Qucestio an Alchemista sint in Republica toler- andil Halae Magdeb., 1702, and in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches TheatrumCIu-micum, 1728, i. (in German). Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 198, 262. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1013. Moller, Cimbria l.iterata, 1744, ii. pp. 716-725, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2038 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdns- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1916. Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759, IX. i. p. 154. Haller, Bibliotheca Analomica, 1774, i. p. 481 ; I777. »• P- 769. in the cloister, the boys made a mark and tried who could jump beyond it. When so engaged one boy landed with both feet on a spot where he stood firmly fixed. The boys in their alarm pulled him but in vain, and then they told the rector, who also was unable to help him. He, however, after long consideration directed the boy to look for marks or signs, and at last on a pillar he saw some Greek writing which he had to repeat. So much the rector gathered that in the pillar there was a vessel with money, and whoever trod upon this particular place would see the writing and reveal the secret. As soon as this happened the boy was free to go. In the pillar was found a stone vessel containing money, and it and its contents were sent to Zelle, to Duke Christian Ludwig.' The date of this letter, Reyher tells us, was about the Kalends of April, 1690, which date can hardly miss being correct. Still another and more lurid version was sent to Reyher by Dr. Jacob Weit, physician of the Duke of Saxony, and an excellent chemist. ' At Walkenried some six and thirty or forty years ago [therefore just about the same time as the preceding], there was a college, and above the cloister a hall, before the old building had fallen to pieces ; on the ceiling a circle, and on the wall certain writing and characters. In the window was a chest very carefully built of stone. ' A scholar having come within the circle, was unable to move from the place. The circle and writing on the wall were otherwise not visible except at the very moment which the scholar had chanced upon. But just at this point he both saw the circle above him, and could read the writing on the east wall, and could find to the south the stone box strangely marked out. Thereupon he was free to step out of the circle. ' I have since then,' continues Weit, ' frequently myself examined the chest along with others ; but in 1687 I had the fancy to go with some persons to the hall and try the effect of the divining rod ; and as we were not far from the box, we observed the rod to be strongly attracted. We had to relinquish our designs, however, on account of the great terror which fell upon us. For though it was broad day, it became obscure about us, and with- out our frightening each other, we all grew pale, and when we found ourselves once more in safety we each had the same story to tell, namely that we felt as if a wind had passed through us and we were being drawn up to the ceiling by the hair.' An adventure more appropriate to the venerable ruin, with its lovely double cloister — where Basil Valentin is said to have worked — than that of the jumping boys. De Feller, Dictionnaire Historique, 1793, vii. p. 606. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 330. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 205. Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 515. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvi. p. 150. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 382. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 617. Kopp. Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 89, sqq. H. C. Bolton, Contributions of Alchemy to Numismatics, read to the New York Numismatic and Archaeological Society, Dec. 5, 1889, N. York, 1890, 4°, pp. 44. 262 RHAZES RHAZES. Excerpta ex libro luminis luminum. See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 167. Excerpta aus dem Buche, lumen luminum genannt. See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 394. Abu Bekr Muhammed Ben Zakeriyah er-Rasi, called Rasis, Razis, Rhasis, Rhazes, was the son of a merchant of Ray in Irak, Chorassan, where he was born about 850-860. In his younger years he was most attracted by music, and until the age of thirty he was known only as a good singer and lute player, though he pursued also the business of a money changer. Dissatisfied, however, with this manner of life, he devoted himself with intense zeal to the study of philosophy and medicine, and went to Bagdad, where he was a pupil of Ibn Zein el- Taberi. Having acquired great knowledge, he returned to Ray, and was appointed director of the Hospital, from which he was subsequently pro- moted to the same office in the Hospital at Bagdad. His lectures and demonstrations were numerously attended, and he attracted students from foreign countries. He studied, and practised, and wrote, and was called ' the observer ' on account of his attention to the phenomena which passed before him. His authorities were Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, Oribasius, and Paulus Aegineta, and he travelled far and wide to gain experience and to converse with learned men. To the prince El Mansur, a rich, learned and powerful ruler, he dedicated a medical work el- Mansuri, and he visited him in order to present him with his ' Compendium of Chemistry.' The prince was delighted and gave him 1000 dinars, but expressed a desire to see some practical proof of the statements in the book, and supplied the apparatus and funds required. The experiments, however, would not succeed, and El Mansur then got angry and said : ' I should never have thought a philosopher capable of deliberate falsehood in a work represented by him as a scientific treatise, which will engage people's hearts in a labour from which they can draw no advantage ; I have rewarded you richly for your trouble, and now I must punish you for your affirmation of lies.' Whereupon he struck him across the head with a whip and sent him straightway back to Bagdad. By this blow, it is said, Rhazes had one of his eyes injured, Symphorianus Champerius, Libelliduo. Primus de Medicine Claris scriptoribus, no place and date (Lyons, 1506?), f. xxj. ve>so. Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545, f. 578 verso. Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Tem- porum supputatio omnium il/ustrium Medicorum, Francophorti ad Viadrum, 15 -,6, p. 98. Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590, pp. 265-266 (list of editions). Spachius, Nomtnclator Scriptorum Medicorum, 1591, pp. 108, no, 123, 141. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 143. Joannes Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, sive Bibliotheca Medica macta, continuata, consum- mata, Francof., 1609, pp. 461-62. Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617, p. 142. Maier, Symbola Aureee Mensee, 1617, p. 211. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 2154. and it ended in him becoming totally blind. When he was urged to have an operation performed, he refused, with the reply : ' I have seen the world. ' ' Hoc vero verbere Rex Rasaeo et lacrymas et verba ista : lam vidi mundum extorsit,' as Spizelius puts it. He died at a good age about 923 or 932, but various dates are given. He is the reputed author of a great number of works on medicine and philosophy and science, lists of which are given by Casiri, Von Hammer- Purgstall and Wiistenfeld, from Ibnol-Kofthi, the Fihrist, and other sources. On chemistry he is reputed to have written several works : Duodecim libri de arte chemica ; Arcan- orum liber ; Perfectionis liber ; Liber Lapidis minor ; Confirmatio artis chimias ; but for their authenticity I cannot vouch. One says that only quotations from his chemical writings remain, and that those which pass under his name are fictitious ; whereas others say that they are on the whole genuine. The works of Hippocrates, Galen and Rhazes were the classical authorities at Louvain in 1617 when Eloy was there, so that the medical schools were still in the leading strings of authority even at that time. Judgment, of course, has been passed upon him : Arnaldus said that he was ' in specula- tione clarus, in opere promptus, injudicio providus, in experientia probatus ' ; another says, 'As a philosopher, Rhazes was a barbarous eclectic ; as a physician his reputation is based legitimately only on his description of the smail-pox. ' These opinions are perhaps not quite so discor- dant as they seem to be. Rhazes is credited with a great number of wise remarks applicable to the practice of the physician. But there is one which is not inappropriate to the present subject, and therefore may be quoted : ' Who knows not chemistry does not deserve the name of philosopher.' A like observation was made by Matthiolus. The lapse of a thousand years has only intensified its truth. Theophilus Spizelius, Sacra Bibliothecarum illus- trium Arcana retecta, sive MSB. theologicorum in pracipius EuropcBBibliothecisextanrium designatio, cum preliminari dissertatione, Specimine nova Bibliotheca Universalis et Coronide Philologica, Augustas Vindelicorum, 1668. (In the ' Specimen Bibliothecee universalis,' sig. 1 5 recto, under Abu- bether or Abubeker, printed editions are enumerated and Ibn Khallikan's account of what El Mansour said and did to him is quoted.) Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 3-5 (list of his works). Herbelot, Bibliotheque Orientale, 1697, p. 712. Christianus Joan. Langius, ' Historia Medica,' p. 16, in Opera Omnia Medica, ed. Rivinus, Lipsise, 1704. Philippe Hecquet, Liber de purganda Medicina a curarum sordibus, 1714, Proloquium, p. viii. Joh. Christoph. Wolfius, Bibliotheca Hebraa 1715, i. p. 1012, No. 1904 ; 1733, iv. p. 746, No. xi. RHAZES-RHENANUS 263 RHAZES. Continued. Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu Dissertation.es, 1723, Diss. xvii. § 12, p. 295. Freind, The History of Physick, 1725, i. pp. 72, 98, 278 (chemical operations) ; 1726, ii. pp. 43-47 (life and standing) ; 50-69 (review of his opinions and practice) ; 88, 89, 197, 198, &c. Leo Africanus, ' De viris quibusdam illustrious apud Arabes libellus,' cap. vi. , in Fabricius' Biblio- theca Grceca, 1726, xiii. p. 266. (Leclerc says it is full of errors. ) Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. pp. 57-58. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Mtdicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 104, 547, 714, 742. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, i. col. 218 (under Abubeker). Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomiccs Specimen, 1734, P- 37- Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, p. 108. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- 704- Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca Medici eruditi, ed. Andreas Pasta, Bergomi, 1742, p. 31. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermt'tiijite, 1742, i. pp. 80, 465 ; iii. pp. 52, 153. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten -Lexicon, 1750, i. col 43. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. p. 497; ii. pp. 581, 678, 716. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 132. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqut de la Mtdecine, 1755, 'ii. p. 323 ; 1778, iv. pp. 56-61. MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, IX. i. p. 70. Casiri, Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurialen- sis, 1760, i. pp. 262, 266, &c. , &c. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 44 (a mere mention). Brucker, Historia critica philosophies, 1766, iii. P- 79- Portal, Histoire de I Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 1770, i. pp. 140-144. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 180 ; 1772, ii. pp. 642, 643. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 129. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 127. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i. p. 364. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 98, 505. Metzger, Skizse einer pragmatischen Liter ar- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 115, §118. Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 519. Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, 1814. p. 7. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvi. p. 167. Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxx. sub Rhazes. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. i. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. pp. 390-412. Biographic Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 186 ; no date, xxxv. p. 272. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 95. Hadji Khalfa, Lexicon- BMiographicum et Ency- clopeedicum, ed. Fliigel, 1835-1858 ; ii. pp. 5, 581 ; iii. 12, 108, 640; iv. 343 ; v. 61, 245, 271, 280 ; vi. 42, 186. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 800. Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, i. pp. 189, 199, 200, 201, 259. Wustenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte und Naturforsc her, 1840, pp. 40-49. Choulant, Handbuch der Bucherkunde fitr die Geschichte . . . der dltern Medicin, Leipzig, 1841, pp. 340-345- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 323- 325 ; 1866, i. pp. 340-343. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 56; 1844, ii. p. 201 ; 1847, iv. pp. 180, 274 (distillation and spirit of wine). Wm. Alex. Greenhill, ' A Treatise on the Sinall- Pox and Measles,' by Rhazes, Sydenham Society, 1848, 8°, with introduction, prefaces, text, notes and indices. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 138, 142 ; 1849, ii. p. 70. Von Hammer, Literaturgeschichte der Araber, 1853, iv. pp. 357-376. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au Moyen Age, Paris, 1853, pp. 158 (his life), 185 (chemical knowledge). Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i. p. 97 (a long account). Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855- PP- ?8, 381. 961- Chwolsohn, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, St. Petersburg, 1856, ii. p. xiv. Ernst F. H. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1856, iii. pp. 120-121, 155, 167-170, 235, 468. Knight, The English Cyclopcedia. (Biography), 1857, v. col. 69. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 620. Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1866, xli. col. 779 (and references). Ibn Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, by MacGuckin de Slane, 1868, iii. pp. 311-314. Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicales, 1870, i. pp. 272, 273, 314. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 670. Kit&b al-Fihrist, ed. Fliigel, 1871, i. (text) p. 299 ; 1872, ii (notes) p. 144. Dictionnaire Encycloptdiquc des Sciences Mddi- cales, 1874, 3eme Seiie, ii. p. 580 (article by Leclerc). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 524, 568, 581 ; 1882, iii. pp. 61, 374. Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Medecine Arabe, 1876, i. pp. 336-354; 338. 339, 352 (alchemy); (Leclerc corrects errors in Casiri, Wustenfeld, and others). Hirsch, Lexikon der hervorragenden Aerste aller Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i. pp. 168-170 (by Hirsch). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 169. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 112. J. Berendes, Die Pharmacte bei den alteren Culturvolkem, 1891, ii. pp. 125-138. RHENANUS QOHANN). Urocriterium Chymiatricum, sive Ratio Chymiatrica Exacte Dijudicandi Urinas ex Tribus Principiis activis, & uno Passive, hactenus neglectis Aphoristice 264 RHENANUS Marpurgi Cattorum Ex Officina RHENANUS QOHANN). Continued. ostensa, Auctore Johanne Rhenano Hasso. Kezeliana. M.DC.IX. 8°. Sigs. i leaf, A3, B-E in eights, E3 blank, or, pp. [69, 3 blank], not numbered. Folding table. Another edition is mentioned: Francof. , 1614, 8°, and it is contained in the collected works, P. 327. Johannis Rhenani, Medici Celeberrimi, Opera Chymiatrica, quae hactenus in Lucem prodierunt omnia, a plurimis, quae in prioribus editionibus irrepserant, mendis vindicata, & selectissimis medicamentis aucta, inque vnum fasciculum collecta, quorum catalogum versa indicabit pagina. Francofurti Sumptibus Conradi Eifridi. Anno M DC XXXV. 8°. Pp. [31, i blank] 367 [i blank]. Folding table. 44 woodcuts of apparatus. Vignette. An edition of Frankfurt, 1641, is reported and there is one : Francofurti, apud Jacobum Gotho- fredum Seylerum. Anno MDCLXVIII. 8°, pp. [2] [15; i blank] 367 [i blank] ; folding table. This is a reissue of the remainder of the 1635 edition with a new and new-dated title-page want- ing the symbolical vignette, and with the omission of the Epistola Dedicatoria to Bruno Carol us ab Uffeln, dated 1634, and the half-title to the ' Chy- miotechnica.' It is not really a new edition. The writings contained in this collection are these : Solis e Puteo emergentis, hoc est, Chymiotech- nicorum Libri III., pp. 1-179. The first book contains a description, with illus- trations, of chemical apparatus, of operations, and of the preparation of certain substances. Book second deals with the ' Lapis Philosophicus," Book third is a ' Clavis & Manuductio in libros Theo- phrasti Paracelsi.' Aureus Tractatus de Philosophorum Lapide. Ab adhuc vivente, sed anonymo Philosopho Ger- manice in lucem emissus, nunc autem in Latinum donatus, pp. 181-253. This tract, says Rhenanus in his prefatory note to the reader, appeared originally in the Dyas Tripartita of Heermann Condeesyanus, and was subsequently rendered into Latin in an inaccurate and misleading version by some one ignorant of chemistry, and published by Lucas Jennis at Frankfurt in the MUSEUM HERMETICUM (q.v.\ He, therefore, thought it worth while to give a correct translation. Epistola de Solutione et Menstruo Philosophorum. T. G. Chymiatrophili ad Dn. Auctorem, pp. 254-257- Responsio Auctoris, pp. 258-271. Antidotarium Pestilentiale. Hoc est : Brevis quidem, sed ex rei medicas fontibus petitus, de horrenda ilia lue pestifera, eiusque origine, opera- tionibus, & curatione discursus . . . Lingua ver- nacula olim in lucem emissus a Johanne Rhenano. Nunc vero in Latinam linguam translatus per Fridericum Vogt, Medicum Hassum, pp. 273-326. Vrocriterium Chymiatricum, siue Ratio Chy- miatrica exacte diiudicandi vrinas ex tribus principiis actiuis, & vno passiuo, hactenus neglectis ; aphonstice ostensa: Auctore Johanne Rhenano, pp. 327-367. The author's name was properly Rheinland, and he was the son of Dr. Martin Rhenanus, and grandson of Johannes Rhenanus, who was first preacher and afterwards superintendent of the salt works at Allendorf. Rhenanus was born at Cassel, but Strieder was unable to ascertain the date either of his birth or death. He studied at Marburg under Hartmann, took the degree of M.D. in 1610, and became physician in Cassel of the Landgrave Moritz, who employed him actively in chemical experiments. His wife died in September, 1637, aged 57, and the marriage of a son, Johannes, in 1632, is mentioned. Besides the present works there are the following: Dissertatio chymiotechnica, in qua totius opera- tionis chymicag methodus practica clare ob oculos ponitur . . . sub praesidio . . . Johannis Hart- manni . . . Marpurgi Cattorum, 1610, 4°, with a folding table. The title ' Opera chymiatrica ' is not that given originally to the above book. It is : Solis e puteo emergentis : sive Dissertationis chymiotechnicEE Libri tres. In quibus totius Opera- tionis chymicas methodus Practica : Materia lapidis Philosophic!, & nodus (sic) soluendi eius, operan- dique, vt & Clavis operum Paracelsi, qua abstrusa explicantur deficientia supplentur. Cum praefa- tione Chymiae Veritatem asserente. Authore loanne Rhenano, Medico. Liber primus. Franco- furti, M.DC.XIII, 4°. Engraved border round the title, folding table, woodcuts in the text. In tbree parts, with separate title-pages and pagination. Numerous editions are recorded : Francof., 1623, 8° ; 1625, 1635, 8° (as above), 1641, 8° ; 1668, 8s; 1676, 8°. Antidotarium Pestilentiale, Frankf., 1613-4 (in German). Syntagma harmoniae chymico-philosophicae sive philosophorum antiquorum conscientium hactenus quidem plurimum desideratorum sed nondum in lucem publicam editorum, collectum & distributum in certas decades, Francof., 1625, 8°. This work ' Syntagma harmoniae chymico-philo- sophicse ' is presumably identical with one which bears a somewhat different title : Harmoniae im- perscrutabilis chimico-philosophicae decades duas, quibus continentur auctores de Lapide, Francofurti, 1625, 8° ; of the twenty tracts in which a list is given by Lenglet Dufresnoy. He also states that it is a continuation of a collection with the same title, but containing three decades of hitherto unpub- lished tracts, madefy Hermann Condeesyanus, Francofurti, 1625, 8°. I do not know whether this is a fact, or not, but I doubt it. In the British Museum Catalogue, under Condeesyanus, there is the following entry : Harmoniae inperscrutabilis Chymico-Philosophicae, sive philosophorum anti- quorum consentientium . . . nondum in lucem . . . missorum decas I, ... Collectae ab H. C. D, VNIVEi RHENANUS—RHUMELIUS RHENANUS (JOHANN). Continued. (Decas II. Collecta studio et industria J. Rhenani.) 2 pt. Francofurti, 1625, 8°. This contains the twenty tracts. (There is, by the way, no cross re- ference in the B. M. Catalogue from Rhenanus to Condeesyanus.) Two works in manuscript by him remain : Secreta quaedam de praeparatione lapidis philo- sophic!, and Speculum aestheticum, a comedy in which all the senses take part and the tongue has ,1 contention with the others. The grandfather, who seems to have been a person of great energy and spirit, passed an active and unsettled life and had disputes and quarrels with a number of people. Objection was taken to Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 899, 1002. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 196. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 666 (list of his books). Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 59. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 70S- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Herm^tique, 1742, iii. pp. 42, 274, 275. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1128. Jocher, Allgemeints Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. RHODARGIRUS (LUCAS). See RODARGIRUS (LUCAS). his being both a clergyman and a saltmaker; the saltmakers disliked his innovations, and his salary was occasionally withheld from him. He was, however, the ablest of his family, and his grandson speaks of him making a discovery of coal and using it for salt-boiling, which would be somewhere about the year 1580. His life was described by U. F. Kopp in his ' Beytrag zur Geschichte des Salzwerks in den Soden bei Allendorf an der Werra,' Marburg, 1788, 8°, from which Strieder has taken his account, and more recently there is a biography by H. Cramer : Johannes Rhenanus der Pfarrherr und Salzgrafe zu Allendorf an der Werra, Halle, 1879, 8°, pp. 41. col. 2046 ; Rotermund's Fortselzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1949. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. P- 433- . Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 515. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten und Schriftsteller Geschichte, Cassel, 1797, xi. pp. 310-321. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 106, 109, 124, 132. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 353- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, »• P- 333 : 1869, ii. p. 325. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 343, 353, 389. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 115. RHODIANUS. See RACHAIDIBI. Rhodianus is one of the group of writers whose joint production is printed in some of the editions of Geber's works, as well as in the ' Ars aurifera* and Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 143. Maier, Symbola A urea Menses, 1617, p. 522. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 197, 255. other collections. So far as I have seen, nothing is known about them conjointly or separately, though they are mentioned by several writers. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 171. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 130. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 130. RHOMBUS (AGRICOLA). Vade-mecum Philosophicum. See PHILALETHA (/EYREN^EUS), Enarratio, 1678, p. 189. Semler says that Rhomneus was the same person as Starkey, and that the name Agricola Rhomaeus is a translation of George Starkey, where ^«/tcuoj is a play upon Stark, or Starkey, the Strong ; so that Rhomaeus is really the same person as Hhila- letha. Ladrague's view is that Rhomaeus is only one of Philaletha's numerous pseudonyms, and commits the common error of confusing him with Thomas Vaughan, or Eugenius Fhilalethes. Semler, UnparUiische Samlungen xur Historie Ladrague, Bibliothlque Ouvaroff, der Rose nkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 51. Secrttts, 1870, No. 1169 note. Sciences RHUMELIUS (JOHANN CONRAD). Experiments. See COI.SON (LAN-CELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1668, p. 82. 266 RHUMELIUS RHUMELIUS (JOHANN CONRAD). Continued. His first name is not given in Colson's little col- lection, but as he is styled " Rumelius of New- Market," as if he belonged to the Eastern Counties and was connected with the Turf, there can hardly be a doubt that he means Johann Conrad Rhu- melius of Neumark. Johann Konrad Rhumel, called also Janus Chun- radus, was born at Neagora, or Neumark, in the Upper Palatinate, 30 August, 1597, and became skilful in the fine arts, especially in poetry. He studied theology and then medicine at Heidelberg and Strasburg, and spent some time in travelling in France, England, Scotland and Holland. He served in 1621 as ' Medicus Castrensis ' with the army of Ernest, Count Mansfeld, and in 1622 with Albert Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, after which he settled in his own country as a practitioner, and on 29 June, 1630, graduated M.D. at Altorf. The Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, p. 1554 (' Acidulae Goeppingenses . . . laudatce,' Amb. , 1597, 8°), & passim. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medids libri duo, 1637, p. 235 (enters his name as lanus Chunradus Rhumelius, and gives the dates of his works as between 1624-30). Borel, Bibliolheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 166, 197. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 689. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 559 (calls him Johannes Conradus Rhumelius). Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1389, portrait, plate 64 (gives a lengthy account of him). Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Qqq 3 verso, 1661 ; (list of his curious works). Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 444. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 62. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen, 1734, p. 228. following year, January 29, he removed to Niirn- berg, as ' medicus collegiatus Norimbergensis,' and 9 Oct., 1634, was made physician in ordinary to the Xenodochium ad Spiritum Sanctum. At the same time he was physician of Prince Augustus of Anhalt. He died i Sept., 1661, of paralysis. He wrote some works on medicine — his book, Partus humanus, Amberg., 1628, 8°, seems to be extremely scarce — some religious and poetical works — he turned Daniel and the Apocalypse into hexa- meters, and his poems and apophthegms are to be found in the Delitice Poetarum Germanicorutn, 1612, v. p. 837 — and one which may be mentioned here : Compendium Hermeticum de Macrocosmo & Microcosmo totius Philosophies & Medicinae cogni- tionem compendiose complectens : additum est Dispensatorium chymicum novum de vera medica- mentorum prceparatione, Francof. , 1635, 12°. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1183. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. p. 387; ii. pp. 597, 880. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2056. Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, pp. 365 (the elder), 530 (the younger). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 353. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. pp. 323 (points out difficulties of date in Mercklin's account), 587. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 64. Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten- Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 558. Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 5. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 803. Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. 13. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 166. RHUMELIUS QOHANN PHARAMUND). lohann-Pharam. Rhumelii. Opuscula Chymico-Magico-Medica. Darinnen allerley Artzneyen, wider jnerliche vnd ausserliche Gebrechen der VVeiber : Vnterricht allerley Briich vnd Fiirfall an Mannern vnd Weibern, ohne Schnidt vnd Schmertzen zuheilen : die versehrte Blasen, vnd die den Vrin nicht halten konnen, zu curiren : Auch das Podagra magnetice zu vertreiben. Item Panacea Aurea, oder griindliche Beschreibung defs Auri Potabilis : Aller Balsam, sampt jhrem Brauch: Aller warmen Bader, wie auch Basilica Chymica, vnd Spagyrisches Haufs- vnd Reise-Apotecklein, Mit angehengter Kriegs-Artzney, vnd gantz newen vnd nutzlichen Hebammenkunst, Ge- druckt im Jahr MDC.XXXV. 12°. Pp. [8]i-24O [21] 242-458. Index [7, 7 blank]. Cura Podagrica Magica. The works in this collected edition are the fol- lowing : Ginsecopharmaceutice, das ist : Weiber- Artzney, wider allerhand gefahrliche, jnnerliche vnnd ausserliche Kranckheiten defs Weiblichen Geschlechts . . ., pp. 1-32. Herniarum cura Magnetica. Das ist : Welcher gestalt man allerley Rupturas, Weyd- vnd Mutterbriiche, . . . allein Magnetice vnd per Trans- plantationem curiren solle. Getruckt im Jahr, M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 33-69. Das ist : Kurtze doch eygentliche Beschreibung, wie man das schmertz- haffte Podagram, vnd Zipperlein, allein Magnetice & per Transplantationem curiren soil. Gedruckt im Jahr, M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 71-89. Panacea Aurea. Das ist : Kurtze doch griind- liche Philosophische Beschreibung seines Auri potabilis . . . Getruckt im Jahr, M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 91-133. Thermarum et Acidularum Descnptio, Das ist : RHUMELIUS 267 RHUMELIUS QOHANN PHARAMUND). Continued. Wild-Bads Beschreibung, . . . Vornemlich aber auff den Griefsbacher, Petersthaler vnnd Egerischen Saur-Brunnen gerichtet. . . . Getruckt im Jahr, M. DC. XXXIV., pp. 135-170. (At the end is a list of the baths and springs.) Basilica Chymica, . . . Das ist : Spagirisch Konilich Kleinot vnnd warhaffte Beschreibung seiner vortrefflichen Chymischen Artzneyen . . . Getruckt im Jahr, M. DC. XXXIV., pp. 171-209. KciroTTTpoj' Arculae medico-pharmaceuticae . . . Ein spagirisches Haufs- oder Reifs-Apotecklein . . . neben angehenckter Balsam-Kunst . . . Anno M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 211-240. (At .the end is a list of his medicines, with the prices. ) Medicamenta militaria dogmatica, hermetica et magica. Das ist : Aufserlesene vnd experiment- irte Kriegs Artzney, rait welchen ein Feld- oder Hand Apotecken aufsgeriistet, vnd ein jeder Soldat auff den Nothfall (ihme selbsten zu Nutz) versehen seyn solle. . . . Gedruckt im Jahr, 1634, pp. 241-338. De Gravidarum, Parientium et Puerperarum Affectibus & Morbis. Das ist : Gantz newe, niitz- liche vnd hochnothwendige Hebammenkunst, . . . PP- 339-428. Phalaia Tripartita, Das ist : Griindlicher be- richt wie man die Mumiam Microcosmi ohne gefahr erlagen, kiinstlich bereiten vnd als ein Panaceam in alien folgenden Kranckheiten gebiir- lichen gebrauchen solle, pp. 429-458. All the tracts have separate title-pages, included in the pagination. Medicina Spagyrica oder Spagyrische Artzneykunst. In welcher , I. Compendium Hermeticum, darinnen die Kranckheiten in gemein in ihrem Ursprung zu erkennen, und wie sie zu curiren. II. Antidotarium Chymicum, darinnen allerhand Chymische Medicamenta. III. Jatrium Chymicum, darinnen unterschiedliche Kranckheiten auff Spagyrische Weifs zu curiren gelehret wird. Erstlich von Johanne Pharamundo Rhumelio, Stiickweifs an Tag geben, jetzo aber mit Hinzuthuung Pharmacopceae Chymicae und Herbarii Hermetici zusammen gelesen, und in gewisse Ordnung gebracht. Editio Secunda. M.DC.LXII. Franckfurt, Jn Verlegung Christian Hermsdorffs. 12°. Pp. [60, engraved title included] 769 [misprinted 169] [23]. Wants pp. 291- 310. The engraved title is as follows : Medicina Spagijrica Tripartita oder Spagij- rische Artzneijkunst in dreij theil getheilet. Authore, Johanne Pharamundo Rhumelio. Franckfurt. beij Christian Hermsdorffen, 1662. The ornamental border contains dexter and sinister, within niches, each surmounted by a pyramidal terminal, Hermes and Arnoldus de V. N. ; below Hermes is a sick-room, below Arnoldus an apothecary's shop ; in the centre, a furnace with a flask ; above, in the centre, is an alchemical symbol : a dove descending from the sun to the earth from which two serpents are protruding. The contents of the present book are the following : I. Compendium Hermeticum, p. i. II. Compendium Hermeticum aliud, p. 79. III. Antidotarium Chymicum, p. 101, containing : 1. Pharmacopaea Chymica, p. 103. 2. Basilica Chymica. p. 157. 3. Arcula Medico-Pharmaceutica, p. 195. 4. Phalaia Tripartita, p. 219. 5. Appendix de auro potabili triplici, p. 227. 6. Panacea Aurea, p. 231. 7. Avicula Hermetis catholica. De mercurio, sulphure, et sale philosophorum in uno subjecto, p. 271. [8. Canticum Canticorum, p. 300] wanting. 9. Thermarum & acidularum descriptio, p. 305. First portion wanting. 10. Herbarium Hermeticum, p. 337. IV. latrium Chymicum, p. 357, containing : 1. Medicina militaris, p. 359. 2. Medicina mulierum, p. 451. 3. Obstetrix, p. 485. 4. Puerpera, p. 551. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 658. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 261 (under Pharamund). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1184. 5. Lues Epidemia, p. 571. 6. Elixir vitae, p. 656. 7. Herniarum cura magnetica, p. 673. 8. Cura podagrica magica p. 708. 9. Leo rubeus antipodagricus fixis, p. 726. 10. Vade mecum catholicum, p. 738. 11. Viaticum Chymicum, p. 762. Pharamund Rhumelius was a younger son of Johann Conrad Rhumelius, who lived between 1574 and 1630, settled at Neumark, but having to leave on account of his being a Roman Catholic, retired to Niirnberg, where he died. Hardly any- thing is said about his life. He wrote the above works, and under the pseudonym of Solomon Raphael published one or two others. Haller does not speak of him in laudatory terms. Of the Kriegs- Artzney, of which he quotes an edition, Ntirnberg, 1632, 16°, he says : ' Formulae pro militibus, quibus & chirurgica medicamenta, & proprie clinica continentur. Multa superstitiosa. Opusculum hominis de Paracelsi secta,' and else- where he calls him ' superstitiosus et credulus. ' Boerhaave, Methodui Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 739, 914. Jocher, Allgemcines Gclehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2057. 268 RHUMELIUS—RHYTHMI RHUMELIUS (JOHANN PHARAMUND). Continued. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 1751, II. ii. p. 62. 572-3- Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 138 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- (partial commendation only). 25), vii. p. 5. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 384. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. ('Compendium hermeticum,' Francof. , 1635.) p. 288. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 323. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Haller, Bibliotheca. Medicines practice, 1777, ii. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1080, 1613. p. 585. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 166. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine, 1778, iv. p. 64. RHYTHM! Rythmi. See MAIER (MICHAEL), Symbola Aureae Mensas, 1617, p. 274. This is a I^atin translation of the verses which accompany some of the allegorical pictures in Reusner's ' Pandora.' They begin : Hie nata est Imperatrix ditissima. Rythmi. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus Orthelii, 1624, pp. 230-232. Though the title is in Latin, the book is in German. The verses begin : Hier ist dein Blut O Helden Muht Clarificirt In Reichtufn gefiirt &c. Rhytmi parvi Germanici. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. pp. 521-522. This is a Latin translation of the preceding, and it begins : Nunc est 6 Heros sanguis tuus Clarjficatus, & divitiis perfusus. Rhythmi Basilii. See BASIL1US VALENTINUS. See SCHULER (CONRAD). See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608, sig. A 8, verso. This is a reprint of Schiller's ' Aufslegung.' Rythmi Germanici, von diesem hogen Tincturwerck. Anonymi Authoris. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora Magnalium Naturalium Aurea et Benedicta, 1608, pp. 263-268. See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN von der philosophischen Materie ; No. ii. Eine feine Beschreibung der philosophischen Materie. The verses begin : Wilstu durch Gottes Gnad allein Erlangen der Philosophen Stein, &c. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 898. Rythmi de Opere universali ex ccelo soloque prodeunte. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus Orthelii, 1624, pp. 208-212. This is in German, although the title is in Latin. RHYTHM i— RICHARDSON 269 RHYTHMI. Continued. See VERNUNFTIGE ERK.LARUNG der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760, pp. 1 8-2 1. This is reprinted from the preceding, but for ' soloque ' in the title there is substituted ' saleque. ' It begins : Wilt du durch Gottes Gnad allein Krlangen den philosophischen Stein, &c. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 511-513. This is a Latin translation of the preceding, This set of verses corresponds to a certain and it is called 'Summarhytniorum Germanicorum extent with the other entitled ' Rythmi Germanici,' de opere universal!, . . . .' but there are a good many omissions and some It begins : Si tibi animus est lapidem Philoso- alterations. In spite of that, however, they must phorum per Dei gratiam consequendi, &c. be regarded as the same. RICETTARIO. Ricettario Florentine nuovamente compilato e ridotto all' uso moderno Diviso in due Parti Parte Prima Firenze M DCC LXXXIX. Per Gaetano Cambiagi Stampatore Granducale Con Approvazione. 4°. Pp. vii [i bl.] 350 [i, i blankj. The paging is continuous. Parte seconda begins at p. 113. II Ricettario Medicinale necessario a tutti i Medici, & Speziali. Nel quale con bellissimo ordine si insegna tutto quello che si puo desiderare intorno alia cognizione del prouedere, eleggere, conseruare, preparare, et comporre qual si voglia sorte di Medicamento; Secondo 1' uso de' migliori e piu eccellenti Medici. Di nuouo per ordine dell' 111™0 & Ecc"!° S? Duca, & del S°.r Principe di Fiorenza, & di Siena. Ricorretto, & ampliato da' dodici Reformatori periti di tale Arte, & eletti da loro Ecc. Illust. Con Licenza de Superiori. In Fiorenza Nella Stamperia de i Giunti MDLXVII. Con Priuilegij di N. S. Pio Quinto, & del Duca di Fiorenza & di Siena. Folio. Pp. [10] 246 [18, 30, 2 blank, wanting]. CC3 verso contains the Registro and colophon : In Fiorenza nella Stamperia delli heredi di Bernardo Giunti 1567. Ricettario Sanese diviso in quattro Parti Tomo Primo. II quale contiene la prima, e seconda parte, cioe le Istituzioni de Farmacia, e la Serie dei Medicamenti Galenici. In Siena MDCCLXXVIL Per Luigi, e Benedetto Bindi Con Licenza de' Superiori. 4°. Pp. xviii [2] 373 [i blank]. Tomo secondo. II quale contiene la terza, e quarta Parte, cioe" gli Elementi di Chimica, e la Serie dei Medicamenti Chimici ; aggiuntovi in fine il Catalogo delle Droghe medicinali piii usate, e per le quali si richiede maggiore attenzione. Pp. [4] 255 [i blank]. Folding plate of apparatus. Appendice, pp. xxxvii [i blank]. RICHARDSON (W ). Designed chiefly for the Use of Manufacturers. The Chemical Principles of the Metallic Arts; with an account of the principal Diseases incident to the different artificers ; the means of Prevention and Cure ; and a Concise 270 RICHARDSON-RICHARDUS ANGLICUS RICHARDSON (W ). Continued. Introduction to the Study of Chemistry. By W. Richardson, Surgeon, F.S.A.Sc. Birmingham, Printed by Thomas Pearson ; and sold by R. Baldwin, Pater-noster Row, London. MDCCXC. 8°. Pp. vi [5] xx-cii [2] 201 [i blank, 4 of index, 2 blank]. Three folding tables. Richardson was a surgeon in Birmingham and He is not mentioned in the Dictionary of National member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Biography, and the book is just quoted by He died in 1791 (?) and wrote the present book, which Allibone. It is one of the earliest dealing with seems to be all that he published. It was trans- insalubrious trades, on which subject the most lated into German with notes, Leipzig, 1792, 8°. important treatise is that by Dr. Oliver. A Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii. of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1816, p. 294. 8032. (According to this Richardson was alive in 1814.) Allibone, A critical Dictionary oj English Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1801. . . . Jbchers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col. 2032. RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. I. Correctorium Alchymiae Richardi Anglici. Das ist Reformierte Alchimy, oder Alchimeibesserung, vnd Straffung der Alchimistischen Mifs- prauch : vom Alten vnd langst-beriimten Medico, Richardo aus Engelland beschriben. II. Rainmundi (sic) Lulli Apertorium & Accuratio Vegetabilium. Von eroffnung vn entdeckung wachsender Sachen, vn des Philosophischen steyns, des Wolbekannten Philosophi vnd Eremiten Rainmundi Lulli Tractat. III. Des Konigs Gebers aufs Hispanien Secretu, dessen sich die Venetianer hoch austhun. Alles nun erstmals zu dienst vnd nutz alien Reyner vnd Geheymnufsreicher Artznei vbenden vn beliebenden inn Truck gefartigt. Zu Strafsburg, bei Bernhart Jobin. Anno M.D.LXXXI. 8°. Ff. [8] 151. Cut close in front. I. Correctorium, f. i. IIII. R. Lullius, Tractat vom Philosophischen II. Reformirte Alchimei, f. 31. Steyn, f. 129. III. R. Lullius, Apertorium, f. 81. V. Geber, Buch der Heyligkeit, oder Secretum, f- 137- I. Correctorivm Alchymiae Richardi Anglici. Das ist. Reformierte Alchimy, oder Alchimeibesserung, vnd Straffung der Alchimistischen Mifs- brauch : von Alten vnd langstberiimbten Medico, Richardo aufs Engellandt beschriben. II. Rainmvndi (sic) Lvlli Apertorium, & Accuratio Vegetabilium. Von eroffnung vn entdeckung wachsender Sachen, vn des Philosophische steyns, des Wolbekannten Philosophi vnd Eremiten Rainmundi Lulli Tractat. III. Des Konigs Gebers aufs Hispanien Secretum, dessen sich die Venetianer hoch aufsthun. Alles nun erstmals zu dienst vn nutz alien Reyner vnnd Geheymnufsreicher Artznei vbenden vnd beliebenden inn Truck gefartigt. Zu Strafsburg, bey B. Jobins seligen Erben. Anno M.D.XCVI. 8°. Ff. [8] 151 [T8, blank? wanting]. Title red and black. I. Correctorium Verbesserung der Alchimy, f. i. IIII. R. Lullius, Tractat vom Philosophischen II. Reformirte Alchimei, f. 31. Steyn, f. 129. III. R. Lullius, Apertorium, f. 81. V. Geber, Buch der Heyligkeit, oder Secretum (• 137. RICHARD US ANGLIC US 27t RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. Continued. Correctorium. See GRATAROLO (G.) Verse alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 207. Correctorium Alchemiae. See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 272. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 385. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 266. Of Ricardus Anglicus Bale can say no more than that he is mentioned by Symphorianus Champerius as a notable physician, distinguished by his learning, skill and success ; that he wrote various works on medicine and alchemy, but that the time at which he flourished was unknown to him. Gmelin places him doubtfully in the thirteenth century, Lenglet Dufresnoy says he died in 1336, which date is given by Fuchs as that at which he flourished, both bor- rowing from Justus. Schmieder. untrammelled by facts, has constructed a pretty and plausible bio- graphy for him ; but, so far as I know, it is purely imaginary. Unfortunately some of it has been quoted by Kopp, and it has thereby got currency which it does not merit. Matthiae's account is quite clear and succinct : Richardus Anglicus de Wendoure, Canonicus S. Pauli Londinensis, Professor Medicinoe Parisinus, Archiater Gregorii IX. PP. f a. 1252. So far as it goes this seems correct. He was the same as Richard of Wendover, who was a physician and a canon of St. Paul's, in which he held the prebend of Ealdland, about 1229. Matthew Paris says he was physician of Gregory IX., who at his death gave Richardus a crucifix with relics, which he in turn bequeathed to St. Albans. He died in 1252, leaving various bequests. There are several persons of similar name, from whom he is to be distinguished. One is Richard of Wendover, bishop of Rochester ; another is Richardus Anglicus, the jurist, and still another is Symphorianus Champerius, Libello duo. Primus de medicine claris scriptoribus, no place and date (Lyons, 1506?), fpl. xxxix. verso ('vir in medendis corporibus clarissimus & eruditus multa in medicinis opuscula composuit'). Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545, f. 582, recto. liale, lllustrium Maioris Brilanniae Scriptorum . . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 196. Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive tem- porum supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum, Francophorti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 116. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni Ire, 1599, p. 143. Maier, Symbola Aurece Afensee, 1617, p. 458. Pitsseus, Relationum Historicarum de rebus Anglicis Tomits primus (Catalogus Scriptorum), 1619, p. 305, Ann. 1230, No. 327. Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 417. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 93, 197. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 938. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 25, No. xxxvi. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 67. Leland, Commentariide Scriptoribus Britannicis, Oxonii, 1709, ii. p. 274. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, Ii. ii. p. 66. Richardus, a physician of Montpellier, at the begin- ning of the thirteenth century. He is identical with another famous physician, Richardus Anglicanus, or Salernitanus, author of a work, ' Practica sive medicamenta,' and 'Trac- tatus de Urinis,' quoted by Gilbertus Anglicus. The chief work of Richard of Wendover is called 1 Micrologus, ' a cyclopaedia of medicine, of which parts or sections apparently exist under their special names. Numerous manuscripts of his various works are extant in the Bibliolheque Nationale, the Bodleian, Cambridge University, and in college libraries at Oxford and Cambridge. These are enumerated by Kingsford in his article in the Dictionary of National Biography. As the present work is not included by him or by Littre among the works of the physician one may doubt if it be by him at all. On the other hand, Jbcher, who says he flourished in 1230, and had studied at Paris and Oxford, assigns to him De Urinis, De crisi, and other medical works, and also the Correctorium Alchymine. Borel ascribes to him besides the present, Rosarius minor and Speculum Alchimia. But this seems a mistake, for the Rosarius minor is by an unknown author and the Speculum Alchimia is by Roger Bacon. The ' Correctorium ' is practically the same as the 'Correctio Fatuorum (q.v.). Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, p. 112. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 33, 35, 51, 71, 275. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1390. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2073 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergam- ungen, 1819, vi. col. 2018. Georg. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chronologicus, 1761, p. 61. Astruc, Mtmoires pour servir a I 'Histoire de la Facultt de Mfdecine de Montpellier, 1767, p. 147. Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chiritr- %ie, 1770, i. p. 235 (calls him an anatomist, living in 1336). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 143. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 156 (thinks he lived about the middle of the fourteenth century ; manuscripts by him belonging to Sloane). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i. p. 452, and pp. 432, 435. (" Haller makes one a Parisian the other an Englishman, but I doubt [says Rotermund] very much if there were a phy- sician called Richard in Paris in the i3th century.") Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 67. Aikin, Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in Great Britain, 1780, p. 3. 2^2 RICHARDUS ANGLICUS—RICHEBOURG RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. Continued. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785, p. 581. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 51. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 29. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. J53- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, i. p. 413 ; 1866, i. p. 437. Histoire Littiraire de la France, 1847, xxi. pp. 383-393 (article by Littr6). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latino. Medics et Infima sEtatis, Florent., 1858, vi. p. 374. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 795-7. Dictionnairc Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1877, v. p. 16. Alii bone, A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1788 (calls him Richard Anglicanus). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 353, 376. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 189. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlviii. p. 201 (and references). RICHEBOURG QEAN MAUGIN DE). Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques. Nouvelle edition, Revue, corrige'e & augmentee de plusieurs Philosophes, avec des Figures & des Notes pour faciliter 1'intelligence de leur Doctrine. Par Monsieur J. M. D. R. Tome I. A Paris. Chez Andre Cailleau, Place de Sorbonne, au coin de la rue des Masons, a S. Andre. M.DCC.XL. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Pp. [18] cxliv, 384 [40]. Tome II. Pp. [4] 564. Wants the plate. Tome III. Pp. [4] 522 [4]. Tome IV. 1754. Pp. viii, 590 [2]. VOL. I. Advertisement. Preface, which contains a section on the Truth of the Science, and another on the Obscurity of the Philosophers. Then the following treatises : Hermes : La Table d'Emeraude, avec le Com- mentaire de 1'Hortulain, p. i. Hermes : Les sept Chapitres, p. 16. Le Dialogue de Marie & d'Aros, sur le Magiste"re d' Hermes, p. 77. G6ber, La Somme de la Perfection, p. 85. VOL. II. La Tourbe des Philosophes, p. i. Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien, sur le Magistere de Hermes, p. 56. Artephius, Le Livre, p. 112. Synesius, Le Livre, p. 175. Flamel : L'explication des Figures HyeYogli- phiques, p. 195. Flamel, Le Sommaire philosophique, p. 263. Flamel, Le De'sir desire", p. 285. Trevisan, Le Livre de la Philosophic Naturelle des Metaux, p. 325. Trevisan, La parole de'laissee, p. 400. Le Songe Verd, p. 437. Denis Zachaire, Opuscule de la Philosophic Naturelle des Metaux, p. 447. VOL. III. Basile Valentin : Les douze clefs de Philosophic, p. i. Basile Valentin : L'Azoth, ou le Moyen de faire 1'or cache des Philosophes, p. 84. L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers, ou le Triom- phe Hermetique [by Limojon de Saint Disdier], p. 181. La Lumiere sortant par soi-meme des Tenebres, Poeme sur ia Composition de la Pierre des Philo- sophes, traduit de 1'Italien, avec un Commentnire, p. 322. VOL. IV. Philalethe, Traite" de 1'Entre'e Ouverte du Palais ferme' du roi, p. i. Philalethe, Explication de ce Traite, p. 121. Philalethe (Iren£e), Experiences sur POp6ration du Mercure philosophique, p. 138. Philalethe (Irene'e), Explication de la lettre de Georges Riple"e, a Edouard IV., p. 148. Philalethe, Principes, pour la Conduite de 1'Oeuvre herme'tique, p. 174. L'Arche ouverte, ou la Cassette du petit Paysan, p. 1 86. Philippe Rouillac, Abre'ge du grand Oeuvre des Philosophes, p. 234. PARTIE ii. Raymund Lull, L' Elucidation ou 1'Eclaircisse- ment du Testament, p. 297. Esprit Gobineau de Montluisant, Explication des Enigmes et Figures hierogliphiques, qui sont au grand Portail de 1'Eglise . . . de Notre Dame de Paris, p. 307. Le Pseautier d'Hermopbile, envoye a Philalethe, P- 394- Trait6 d'un Philosophe inconnu, sur 1'ceuvre Herme'tique, revti & elucide par le Disciple Sophise'e, p. 461. Lettre Philosophique de Philovite a He"liodore, p. 511. Preceptes et instructions du Pere Abraham a son fils contenant la vraie Sagesse herm^tique tra- duits de 1'Arabe, p. 552. Wenceslaus Lavinius : Traite du Ciel terrestre, P- 566- Dictionnaire Abregt: des Termes de I Aft & des anciens Mots, p. 570. [Another Copy.] RICH E BO URG—RICHTER 273 RICHEBOURG QEAN MAUGIN DE). Continued. There is no account of this person, which I have The compilation was not originally of his making, for there is the edition with the same title which appeared in 1672-78 and bears as the editor's name : le Sieur S. Docteur en Medecine. Of this edition I have seen two volumes only, and I do not know if there were any more, though from the list of works detailed in the Privilege, which were proposed to be reprinted, there was material enough for at least other two volumes. The writings contained in this first edition'are the following : In Tome I. A long preface ; Hermes, La Table d'Emeraude; La Tourbe des Philosophes ; Flamel; Bernard le Trevisan ; Zachaire, L'Opuscule ; Wen- ceslas Lavinius, Trait6 du Ciel terrestre ; Philalethe, 1'Entrge ouverte ; Vocabulary of Chemical words. In Tome II. A long preface ; Hermes, Les Sept Chapitres ; Le Dialogue de Marie et d'Aros ; L'Entretien de Calid et du Philosophe Morien ; Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosotfiie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 45. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 300. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 545- Artephius ; Geber, La Somme de la Perfection, and at the end an Epistle to Claude Germain about his work Icon Philosophiae Occultae. The authors mentioned in the Privilege in addi- tion to these are : Synesius, Ficinus, Arnaldus de Villanova, Lullius, Bacon, Ripley, Haly, Basilius Valentinus, Jean de Meun, Augurellus ; Le grand et petit Paysant, la Fontaine des Amoureux de Sciences, la Complainte ou Remonstrance de la Nature et la responce de l'Alchimiste. Comparison of these lists will show that the present edition contains everything included in the early one, except the Epistola to Germain, and, besides, several of those mentioned in the Privilege. The editor has been called sometimes le Sieur Salmon, and has been identified with Dr. William Salmon, who in 1692 also made a collection of alchemical writers. See the note under SALMON ( William). Ladrague, Bibliothigue Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 630, 631. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. p. 40; 1891, xii. p. 189 (calls him Maugin). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340 (calls him Mauguin). RICHTER (CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH). Ausfuhrlicher Bericht von der Essentia Dulci, darinnen von ihrer Zubereitung und Unterscheid von andern gemeinen Gold-Tincturen gehandelt, und gezeiget wird, worinnen ihre Virtutes specifics, oder eigentliche und gewisse Wiirckungen bestehen : Wobey auch zugleich gewisse Griinde und Reguln angewiesen werden, nach welchen sich selbiger so wohl Medici, als auch Ungelehrte, bey allerhand schweren Kranckheiten, als Contractor, Epilepsie, Gicht, Podagra, Stein-Schmertzen, schwere Geburten, Blut-Stiirtzungen, &c. nicht weniger auch bey allerhand andern, und in diesem Bericht nicht benennten vorfallenden Kranckheiten, mit Nutzen und methodice gebrauchen konnen, ausgefertiget von D. Christian Friederich Richtern, Med. Pract. Halle, in Verlegung des Waisen-Hauses. Druckts Johann Montag, 1708. 8°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Merckwiirdige Exempel sonderbahrer durch die Essentiam Dulcem von Anno 1701 bifs 1708. geschehener Curen, Nebst einer Vorrede, in welcher auf die in den so genannten Unschuldigen Nachrichten unbillig gefallete Censur tiber Herren Profesf. Franckens gedruckte Nachrichten vom Waysen-Hause, und sonderlich tiber die darinnen erzehlete Merckwiirdige durch die Essentiam dulcem geschehene Curen geantwortet wird von D. Christian Friedrich Richtern, Med. Pract. Halle, im Waysen-Hause. 1708. 8°. Pp. 176. Several tracts by him are enumerated : Nachricht von einem pulvere solis, Konigsberg (Halle), 1718, 8°. Dissertatio de Cochinella, Lipsiae, 1701, 4° ; in German, Leipzig, 1703, 8°. Hochstnothige Erkenntnis des Menschen nach dem Leibe und naturlichen Leben, Leipzig, 1712, 8°; 1741, 8°. Kurzer Unterricht von dem Leibe und natur- lichen Leben des Menschen, Halle, 1705, 8°. Christian Friederich Richter was born at Sorau, in lower Lusatia in 1676. He studied theology and medicine at Halle, and, according to Haller, was a pupil of Stahl. He graduated there and practised, and, along with his brother Christian Sigismund, a physician at Halle, worked very much at chemistry. He made a great boast of certain of his arcana such as his Essentia dulcis, the essence of solary powder, which, he held, was a cure for chronic diseases like phthisis. He died 5 Oct., 1711. ' Stahlianus. Magnus arcanorum laudator,' says Haller. II. S 274 RICHTER RICHTER (CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH). Continued. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1326. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 115, 550; ii. p. 650. Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 685. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 86 (Hochst-nothige Erkenntnifs, Leipzig, 1712, 8°) ; 772 (Kurzer Unterricht). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practice, 1788, iv. pp. 310, 342. Carl Joseph Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterargeschichte, Zurich, 1791, iv. p. 631. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 347. (Die Hallische Arzneien.) Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 215. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 14. Mprwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 344. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1877, v. p. 24. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 195. RICHTER (GEORG FRIEDRICH). Obiectionum contra Physicam Divinam Vindiciae. Seu Responsio ad Notas Rudigerianas Auctore G. Fr. Richtero. Facult. Philos. Lips. Assessore. Anno CID ID ccxvin. Lipsiae Apud Viduam loh. Heinichii. 4°. Pp. 71, misprinted 51 [i]. Georg Friedrich Richter was born 26 Oct., 1691, at Schneeberg, where his father, Georg, was pastor. He had first private tuition and visited the school at Schneeberg, and then that at Plauen. In 1708, when his father settled at Leipzig, he began his University course there, and graduated Magister Philosophize in 1709, the year of its third centenary. He next went to Altorf and attended lectures, returned to Leipzig and was made an assessor in the philosophical faculty in 1714. He had a discussion — creditable to himself — with Andreas Riidiger, and on Newton's ' Optics ' with Rizzetti, a question ultimately submitted to the Royal Society. He enunciated his views about thunderstorms, and translated Leibnitz's ' Essais de Theodice'e' into German. In 1722 he entered the Gabriel Wilhelm Goetten, Das jetztlebende ge- lehrte Europa, oder Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Lebens- Umstdnden und Schriftenjetztlebender Euro- pdischer Gelehrten, Braunschweig und Hildesheim, 1736, ii. pp. 275-281 (biography and list of his writings). Niitzliche Nachrichten von denen Bemuhungen derer Gelehrlen und andern Begebenheiten in Leipzig im Jahre 1739, p. 53 ; 1740, p. 97 ; 1742, pp. 4, 56 (death of Georg Friedrich Richter on the 23 June, 1742 ; sketch of his life). Collegium Anthologicum, and became extraordinary professor of mathematics in 1726, and, in 1730, was elected a member of the Leopoldine Academia Naturae Curiosorum, with the name of Nicetas. He had invitations to occupy chairs at different Universities, but preferred to remain at Leipzig, where in 1735 ne was appointed professor of moral and political philosophy, but he was more of a physicist and mathematician than a philosopher. He died 23 June, 1742. A list of 44 books and papers by him is given by Zedler, dealing for the most part with mathematical, meteorological and physical questions, but contain- ing one or two on Hebrew, and on philosophical and ethical topics. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. cols. I334-I338. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2086; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun- gen, 1819, vi. col. 2068 (the list is taken from Zedler). Biichner, Academia . . . Natura Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 501, No. 419. Carl Joseph Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterargeschichte, 1791, iv. p. 631. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wbrttrbuch, 1863, ii. col. 634. RICHTER (SAMUEL). Sinceri Renati samtliche Philosophisch- und Chymische Schrifften, als : I. Die wahrhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins &c. II. Theo-Philosophia Theoretico-Practica, oder der wahre Grund Gott- licher und Natiirlicher Erkanntnifs &c. III. Goldene Qvelle der Naturund Kunst, bestehend in lauter Experimentis und Chymischen Handgriffen &c. Leipzig und Brefslau Verlegts Michael Hubert. 1741. 8°. Pp. [16] 752. 7 rough woodcuts. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Die . . . Bereitung des . . . Steins, p. i. Theo-Philosophia, p. 129. Goldene Qvelle, p. 493. RICHTER 275 RICHTER (SAMUEL). Continued. I. N. J. Goldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst, bestehende in lauter wahrhafften und durch die Experienz bestatigten Experimentis, aus welchen die Arbei- tenden einen gewissen Profit und Nahrung zu hoffen und zu gewarten haben : Worbey denen Anfangern zum Besten zum Anhange die nothigen und gewohn- lichen Chymischen Hand-Griffe mit beygefiiget und erklaret werden : Noch- malen aus hertzlicher und Christlicher Liebe denen armen unter der Last des Spiritus Mundi seuffzenden Briidern mitgetheilet von Sincere Renato. In Verlegung des Authoris, zu finden bey Esaia Fellgiebels Wittib und Erben. Anno 1711. 8°. Pp. [8] 263 [i blank]. Woodcuts in the text. Theo-Philosophia Theoretico-Practica, oder der wahre Grund Gottlicher und Natiirlicher Erkanntnifs, dadurch beyde Tincturen, die Himlische und Irr- dische, konnen erhalten werden : Zugleich ein Grund aller Particularien, und Fundament der wahren Medicin. Dabey gezeiget wird, wie in der aussern Natur durch alle Regna zu verfahren, damit ein jedes Corpus wieder in seinen reinen Paradiesischen Stand gebracht werden konne durch die Chymie oder Scheidekunst ; 'Nebst einer Erlauterung des Operis Maximi und Beyfiigung versprochener Experimenten ; Alles zum Lobe Gottes und dem Nutz des Nechsten publiciret von Sincere Renato. Brefslau, Bey Esaia Fellgiebels Sel. Erben. 1711. 8°. Pp. [20] 374. Title red and black. Die warhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins, der Briiderschafft aus dem Orden des Gulden- und Rosen-Creutzes, Darinne die Materie zu diesem Geheimnifs mit seinem Nahmen genennet, auch die Bereitung von Anfang bifs zu Ende mit alien Hand-Griffen gezeiget ist, Dabey angehanget die Gesetz oder Regeln, welche die gedachte Bruderschafft unter sich halt, denen Filiis Doctrinae zum Besten publiciret von S. R. Nebst einem Nutz-bringenden und gewissen Particular, welches als ein Vortrab der nachfolgenden, und von dem Editore selbst gearbeiteten Experimenten, am Ende dieses Tractats zur Probe folget, aus gut-meinendem Hertzen denen armen Suchenden geschencket Brefslau, bey Fellgiebels seel. Wittwe und Erben, 1710. 8°. Pp. [16] 126. An edition of 1714 is quoted by Kloss, and Richter was the editor and not the author of the another of 1715 is quoted in the Beytrag and then above, and certainly from the concluding sentences by Gmelin and Schmieder. The Beytrag says that of the Vorrede it would seem as if it were so. Die wahrhafte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1790, IV. p. I. Samuel Richter lived at the end of the seventeenth chemistry and medicine from a village priest who and beginning of the eighteenth century. He had practised medicine successfully. After devoting belonged to Reichau, a village in the duchy of Brieg himself to Theology at Halle, he became a preacher in Silesia, and adopted the views of Jacob Bohmen at Harlmannsdorf near Landshut. in Silesia, and Paracelsus. In the Unschuldige Nachrichten, Under the name of bincerus Renatus he wrote the 1711, p. 869 (followed by Zedler), he is called above works, and various are the charges laid Siegemund. It is said that he lived for some time against him, which are not quite reconcilable, in Silesia as tutor in noble houses in the princi- For example, he belonged to the Rosicrucian pality of Brieg and practised also as physician. fraternity and under cover of it is accused of having In his youth he had picked up some knowledge of propagated Jesuitism. The sale of his book ' Theo- 276 R1CHTER-RIPLE Y RICHTER (SAMUEL). Continued. philosophia' was stopped in Breslau, and it was practically condemned in the Unschuldige Nach- richten. Against his ' Goldene Quelle ' the reviewer makes the same accusation, that though it deals with chemistry he works in his Bohmistic and heterodox opinions. His Paracelsian and Bohmistic views he ad- vocated from the pulpit, and Jocher says that in his book, Goldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst, under the garb of alchemy, so-called, he advanced the blasphemous doctrines of the Manichaeans. Whether such a conglomerate of doctrine could be Unschuldige Nachrichten von Alien und Neuen Theologischen Sachen, . . . auf das Jahr 1711, Leipzig, pp. 237-243 (review, unfavourable, of the ' Theo-Philosophia theoretico-practica ') ; pp. 869- 872 (review of 'Goldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst,' also unfavourable). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1344. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten~Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2088 (follows the opinion of the Unschuldige Nachrichten). Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 128. J. L. ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische Neben- stunden, 1780, p. 66. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 652, 653. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 121 ; 1787, ii. p. 167. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. p. 342 (but is this the same person ?). held by one man may be left undiscussed, but he must have a keen scent for heresy who can find Manichaeism in the book mentioned. It consists of a collection of chemical experiments with an account of the preparation of the materials and the products, and it winds up with a short treatise on assaying, in which the materials and apparatus employed are described, and drawings are given of the muffles, cupels, furnace, &c., required. The chemistry may sometimes be open to question from the present standpoint, but there is no religious doctrine, orthodox or heterodox, to criticise. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 315, 331, 348. .. Murr, Uber den wahren Ur sprung der Rosen- kreuzer und Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 59. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litieratur, 1806-08, p. 272. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexiko, 1819, vi. col. 2093. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 515 Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, No. 2634 (editions of Breslau, 1710 and 1714). Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 169, No. 2634. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1318, 1553, 1554. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 205, 336, 345, 356, 39i- RIESER (FRANZ). See KIESER (FRANZ). The name is sometimes so misprinted. See Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ; 1869, ii. p. 319- RIPLEY (GEORGE). Chymische Schrifften des hochgelehrten, furtrefflichen vnd weitberhiimten Philosophi Georgii Riplaei, Canonici Angli. Darinnen vom gebenedeyeten Stein der Weisen vnd desselben kunstreicher preparation griindlich gelehret wird, Zuvor durch den Hochgelahrten Herrn Nicolaum Barnaudum Chymicum zu Lateinischer Sprache publiciret, Jetzo aber alien Filiis doctrinae zum besten durch einen Liebhaber der Kunst in Deutsche Sprache gebracht, vnd in Druck gegeben Anno 1624. Gedruckt In verlegung Johann Birckners, Buchhandlers in Erffurt. 8°. Pp. [i] 113 [should be in]. (Sigs. A-G in eights. The pagination is very irregular.) Georgii Riplaei, Canonici in England zu Bridlington, Chymische Schrifften, Darinnen von dem gebenedeyten Stein der Weisen und desselben kunst- reichen Preparation griindlich gehandelt wird. Nach der Lateinisch- und Englischen Edition Herrn William Salmon, Profess. Phys. ins Teutsche iibersetzet durch Benjamin Roth-Scholtzen, Phil. & Med. Doct. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraufs, Buchhandler in Wienn. 1756. 8°. Pp. [4] 233 [advertisements 3]. Title red and black. Frontispiece included in the pagination. Contains also : Artephius, Geheimer Haupt Das eroffnete Philosophische Vatter-Hertz an Schliissel, p. 105. seinen Sohn, p. 153. RIP LEY 277 RIPLEY (GEORGE). Continued. Axiomata Philosophica. See DUODECIM Portarum epitome. Bosome-book, containing his philosophical Accurtations in the making the Philosophers Mercury and Elixirs. See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. IOI. Erklarung uber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten . . . Georgii Riplaei. See PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS), 1689. Liber Duodecim Portarum. See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 23. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 797. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 275. Duodecim Portarum epitome, duobus modis concinnata. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 109. Liber de Mercurio et Lapide Philosophorum. See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 71. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. pp. 821. Lied von dem Neugebohrnen Chymischen Konig. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, p. 578. The Marrow of Alchymie. See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1692, p. 643. Philalethae Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplsei. See STARKEY (GEORGE), Kern der Alchymie, 1685. Ripley Reviv'd : or, an Exposition upon Sir George Ripleys Hermetico-Poetical Works. See PHILALETHES (EIRENJEUS), 1678. A Treatise of Mercury and the Philosophers Stone. See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 69. George Ripley was born in 1415(7), in York- His name is attached to as many as five and shire, according to some, but at Ripley, in twenty different works, most of which remain in Surrey, according to Camden. He became a manuscript. Whether or not they are all by him canon-regular of St. Augustine at Bridlington, may be doubted, and it has been asserted that and devoted himself to the study of physical what is called the ' Vision ' is not by him but is the science and especially of alchemy. To acquire work of an anonymous writer of the following fuller knowledge he travelled in France, Germany, century. Tanner has enumerated his books and and Italy, and abode a long time in Rome, manuscripts with the libraries in Oxford and else- and there in 1477 was made chamberlain by where, where they are preserved. Pope Innocent VIII. In 1478 he returned to One work which is universally acknowledged as England in possession of the secret of transmuta- his, 'The Compound of Alchymy,' was one of the tion. He pursued his alchemical work, and is most popular on the subject. It circulated widely reputed to have given vast sums to the knights of in manuscript, and copies of it both on vellum St. John of Jerusalem at Rhodes to defend them and paper are not uncommon, from the Turks. But his labours becoming irksome It was first printed at London: The Compound to the abbot and other canons, he was released of Alchymy. Or the ancient hidden Art of Archemie: from the order, and joined the Carmelites at Boston, Conteining the right & perfectest meanes to make where he died in 1490, the Philosophers Stone, Aurum potabile, with 278 RIPLEY—RIST RIPLEY (GEORGE). Continued. other excellent Experiments. Diuided into twelue Gates. First written by the learned and rare Philosopher of our Nation George Ripley, . . . Whereunto is adioyned his Epistle to the King, his Vision, his Wheele, and other his Workes, neuer before published : . . . Set foorth by Raph Rabbards Gentleman . . . London Imprinted by Thomas Orwin, 1591, small 4°, A, *, B to M, in fours. The title has a woodcut border ; there is an ornamental capital E containing a portrait of Queen Elizabeth, Bale, Illustrium Majoris Britannia Scriptorum . . . Summarium, 1548, f. 210. Bale, Scriptorum. illustrium maioris Brytannia, . . . Catalogus, 1557, centuria octava, p. 622. Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 463. Pitsseus, Relalionum Historicarum de Rebus Anglicis Tomus Primus, (de illustribus Anglicae Scnptoribus), 1619, p. 677, Ann. 1490, No. 888. G. J. Vossius, De Historicis Latinis pars altera, 1651, p. 637 (Lib. Hi. cap. ix. ). Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652, p. 444 (was regarded as a necromancer). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 198. Edward Phillips, Theatrum Poetarum, or a corn- pleat Collection of the Poets, London, 1675, The Modern Poets, p. 55 : ' George Riplay, a Canon of Bridlington in the time of King Henry the 7th, who in old English Verse wrote several Chymical Misteries pretending to Lead to the attaining of the Philosophers Stone. ' Reprinted with a biographical note by Sir S. E. Brydges in his edition of Phillips' work : Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum. Con- taining the names and characters of all the English Poets from the reign of Henry HI, to the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Canterbury (printed), London, 1800, p. 30 ; and Geneva, 1824, i. p. iv. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 693 (edition of 1649). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 337. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 25, No. xxxvii. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 67. Casimir Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus EcclesicB Antiquis, 1722, iii. col. 2672. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 194. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 78. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina Medics et Infima j&tatis, 1735, vii. p. 104. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 264, 470 ; iii. pp. 40, 50, 71, 276, 277. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1723. Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, p. 633. Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2110; Otto i Giinther's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1897, vii. col. 12. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 133. to whom the book is dedicated, and M3 recto is taken up with the diagram called Ripley's Wheel. Ashmole reprinted it in the Theatrum and added a note upon the author. He also printed several other pieces by Ripley : Verses belong- ing to his 'Scrowle,' 'The Mistery of Alchy- mists,' ' the Preface to his Medulla, which he wrote Ann. Dom. 1476, and dedicated to Geo. Nevell then Archbishop of Yorke,' and another ' Shorte Worke.' All of these, like the 'Compound of Alchymy,' are in verse. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 17SS, »• P- 329 I 1778, iv. p. 81. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 84. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 490. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen xur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 19, 22, 30. Camden, Britannia, ed. Gough, 1789, i. p. 174 ; iii. p. 53. Kortum . . . vcrttidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 122. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 130- 132 ; 1798, ii. p. 298. Ritson, Bibliographia Poetica, a Catalogue of Engleish Poets, 1802, p. 94. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Littcratur, 1806-08, p. 83 (mixes up Roger and Francis Bacon). Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, ed. John Nichols, 1811, ii. pp. 363, 509. Lives of the Adepts in Alchemy stical Philosophy, 1814-15, pp. 49, 217, 313 ; Waite's edition, 1888, p. 184. Bibliotheca Anglo- Poetica, 1815, p. 292 (the edition of London, 1591, priced j£io). Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvi. p. 235. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 25 (said to be the uncle of Roger Bacon [who died two centuries before him], editions Francof. , 1614 ; Cassel, 1649 by Combach with Artephius ; Niirnb. , 1717; Vienna, 1756). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 240. Warton, The History of English Poetry, 1840, '• PP- 337-338. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimic, 1842, i. pp. 419. 20 ; 1866, i. pp. 444-445. Wright, Biographia Literaria Britannica, 1842, i. p. 462. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 48, 73; 1844, ii. pp. 9, 158, 175, 218, 227, 241; 1847, iv. pp. 240, 287, 342. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, col. 648. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 867-871. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 94, 210; ii. pp. 311, 331, 335, 347, 353, 362, 378. Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlviii. p. 316 (article by Robert Steele). RIST (JOHANN), Holsatus. J. R. H. Philosophischer Phoenix Das ist : Kurtze jedoch griindliche und Sonnenklare Entdeckunge der waaren und eigentlichen Matery des Aller- edelsten Steins der Weisen, worinnen gelehret wird, wo doch und zu welcher Zeit dieselbe Materia zu suchen, durch was Mittel dieselbe zu finden und in gute gewarsam zu bringen, wie sie ferner sichtbar zumachen, und den endlich also zu zurichten sey, dafs sie ihre vielgewiinschte Vollkommenheit dermaleinst RIST—RISUGDASBIUS 279 RIST QOHANN), Holsatus. Continued. erlangen und iiberkommen mogen. Allen dieser geheimen Kunst hertzlichen, jedoch wiirdigen Liebhabern, und fleisigen Nachforschern in Teutscher Sprach so hell und deutlich vor die Augen gestellt, als es vor dieser Zeit niemaln gesehen, noch etwas davon gelesen worden. Niirnberg, Gedruckt bey Wolf Eberhard Felfsecker, Im Jahr, 1 668. 8°. Pp. [8] 34. Along with Schweitzer's Giildenes Kalb. Johann Rist (Witte calls him Riste) was son of Caspar Rist, pastor at Ottensen, and was born at Pinneberg, 8 March, 1607. He attended the gym- nasium at Hamburg and Bremen, and as he had been dedicated to divinity by his parents before his birth, went in 1628 to the University of Rintel. He engaged himself as private tutor at Hamburg and took his ward to Rostock, Utrecht, and Leyden, he himself studying theology, mathematics, and medi- cine. In 1635 he became pastor at Wedel on the Elbe, which charge he held for thirty-two years. In 1644, Ferdinand III. conferred on him the laurel wreath as poet, and in 1653 raised him to the rank of noble, while the Duke of Mecklenburg conferred on him the title of Kirchrath. He himself founded in 1660 the Elbschwanenorden, in which he called himself ' Palatin.' In 1645 he was received into the Pegnitzorden, and in 1647 into the 'Societas frugi- Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Zzz 3 recto, 31 Augt., 1667. Neumeister & Grohmann, De Poeiis Germanids hujus seculi prcBciptds dissertatio, 1695, p. 88. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 42, No. Ixvii. Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- morum (Liber de Anonymis Scriptoribus), 1708, p. 462, No. 1823. Erdmann Uhse, Leben der beriihmtesten Kirchen- Lthrtr und Scribenten des XVI. und XVII. Jahr- Hunderts nach Christi Gtburth, Leipzig, 1710, P- 893. VJe\i.e\.Hy>nnopa!ographia, 1719-28, li. pp. 358-392. Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 241. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 1727. PP- IQ7, 199; or J736- PP- 2°7i 2°9 (poem by Rist). Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 241 (quotes ' Die alleredelste Thorheit '). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1744 (and references). Witte, Memories Theologorum, Dec. xii. p. 1578. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 546-55 (very full account). fera' — Die fruchtbringende Gesellschaft — in which he was styled Der Rustige. The present work was first published, according to Goedeke, at Hamburg, 1636, 8° (others, 1637), and was followed by a vindication in 1638, 12°. Other editions appeared at Nurnburg. 1675, 8° ; Danzig, 1682, 8°, pp. 83 [i], in which it is accom- panied by his tract : Die aller edelste Thorheit der gantzen Welt. He was a voluminous writer in prose and in verse, both serious and light, and Gttnther gives a list of forty-six works by him. A curious pro- duction of Kist's is entitled, 'Depositio Cornuti Typographic!, ' and is a play on the burlesque ceremonies gone through in initiating an appren- tice into the mysteries of a printing-office. Some of his biographers omit this work from their lists. Rist died 31 August, 1667, in his sixty-first year. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2113 ; Glinther, Portsetsung und Ergdnzungen, 1897, vii, cols. 23-27. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 121. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785. pp. 526, 614. C. J. Bouging, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit- terargeschichte, 1790, iii. p. 196. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 522 (' Phoenix '). Jb'rdens, Lexikon teutscher Dichter und Pro- saisten, 1809, iv. pp. 366-372 (and the numerous references). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 377. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, No. 2760. Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literar- geschichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 42, 85 ; 1853, III. ii. pp. 215, 226, 267 (and notes). Blades,^4« Account of the German Morality-Play, entitled Depositio Cornuti Typographici , 1885, 4°. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 392. Karl Goedeke, Grundrifs sur Geschichte der Deutschen Dichtung, 1887, iii. pp. 79-87, 212, 327 (' Phoenix,' No. 6 ; ' Depositio,' No. 44). RISUGDASBIUS (SAMUEL), Pseud. Samuelis Risugdasbii M.D. Gesprach vom Stein der Weisen, nebst der rechten Materia, daraus der Lapis Philosophorum gemacht wird, Deme noch beygefiigt Achatii Myconii U. D. J. Kurtzer Bericht vom Stein der Gesundheit und des Reichthums. Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. 1747. [Another Copy.] 8°. Pp. 32. Miconius' tract is in verse. An earlier edition is quoted in the Beytrag, and the author's name is altered : Samuel Risugduspius Disp. von der rechten Materie des Lapidis philo- Beytrag xur Geschichft der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 591 soph., Leip., 1608, 8°. To this the note is added : ' Who the author is, I know not ; the name is obviously an invention.' 280 RITHMI—RIVINUS RITHMI. See RHYTHMI. RITTERKRIEG. See STERNHALS (JOHANN). See URALTER Ritterkrieg. RIVINUS (AUGUST QUIRINUS). D. Aug. Quir. Rivini, P. P. in Academia Lipsiensi, Manuductio ad Chemiam Pharmaceuticam, Accessit Chymia Curiosa Variis, non solum ex Regno vegetabili, sed etiam ex Mineral!, & Animali, Experiments adornata. Cura Friderici Roth-Scholtzii. Siles. Editio Secunda. Norimbergse & Altdorfii, Apud Haeredes, Job. Dan. Tauberi MDCCXX. 8°. Pp. 7 [10] 6-74 [should be 78] [2]. Separate 'frontispiece. Title red and black. Jo. Francisci Vigani Veronensi. Medulla Chymiae Variis Experimentis Aucta multisque Figuris illustrata. Cum Indice Rerum & Verborum Locupletissimo. Norim- bergae Apud Haeredes Jo. Dan. Tauberi MDCCXVIII. 8°. Pp. [10] 70. Six engraved plates. Chymia Curiosa, pp. 71-134 (but 87-94 skipped). This contains Bonn's ' Appendix' to Vigani. Rivinus was born at Leipzig, 9 December, 1652, and went to school there. In 1671 he took his degree in philosophy and graduated as M.D. at Helmstadt, in 1676, which happened to be the centenary year of the University. Singularly enough, many years later, he took part in another centenary. In December, 1709, was commemor- ated the three hundredth anniversary of Leipzig University. But by this time Rivinus was no mere graduate, but had risen to the position of Rector Magnificus, and under his presidency the celebration was held, as one can gather from Vogel's account, with even more pomp and splendour than in 1609. He returned to Leipzig, practised medicine, studied natural history, and obtained the chair of physiology and botany in 1691. He con- ferred distinction on his faculty by his taste Johann Hermann Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lipsiae, 1727, pp. 71, 143, 151, 154, 17°, 343. 352, 357. 359. 365- Stolle, Anleiiung zur Histone der Gelahrheit, 1727, p. 318, or 1736, pp. 330-32 (his astronomical work). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 364 (life), 366, 643, 659, 673, 679, 680, 681, 682. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicts, 1732, p. 119. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 714. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1855- 1859. • Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, passim. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2126; Glinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1897, vii. col. 101. Joh. Jacob Vogel, Leipzigisches Geschicht-Buch oder Annales, Leipzig, 1756, pp. 1022-1031. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iii. pp. 567-570 ; v. p. 642. for research and the results he gained in both subjects, and especially in botany," for which he proposed a new system. Though it was not generally adopted, his system gained him admission to the Royal Society. His published works refer mainly to botany, but there are two or three on medicine, pharmacy, and anatomy, and the present one on chemistry. He died at Leipzig, 30 Decem- ber, 1723 (1722). Rivinus is always spoken of in the highest terms, der grosse, clarissimus, and so on. His biography and portrait are prefixed to the catalogue of his library, Bibliotheca Riviniana, Lipsiae, 1727, 8°, which contains 7968 items, and is very valuable for the history of medicine. One of Haller's remarks about him is ' paulum paradoxus, non quidem incisor.' Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 551 ; 1772, ii. p. 686. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 649 ; 1777, ii. p. 762. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 456. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 1778, iv. p. 86. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 313- (Vir excitati ingenii, magna audere promptus, Botanicus, non expers anatomicae per- itiae, neque chemicae, longaevus idem). C. J. Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit- terargeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 246. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 320, § 2t;6. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 234, 245 (Manuductio, De Acido, &c. ). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 174. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv. p. xxxi. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvi. p. 245. Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxx. sub voce. RIVINUS—ROCHAS 281 RIVINUS (AUGUST QUIRINUS). Continued. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 31 (list of his works). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykuttde, 1827, iv. pp. 191, 230. 485. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdc- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 816. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 321 ; 1849, ii. p. 203. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii. p. 48. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, l85S» P- 520- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 660. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 3&me Seiie, 1877, v. p. 69. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 245. ROBERTI (JOHANNES). Goclenius Heautontimorumenos. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 309. Tractatus Novi de Magnetica Vulnerum Curatione Autore D. Rodolpho Goclenio . . . Breve Anatome. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 226. Jean Roberti was born 4 Augt., 1569, 01 a good family at Saint Hubert, a famous market-town of the Ardennes. He studied the humanities in the newly-founded Jesuit College at Liege, philosophy in the Jesuit College of the Trois Couronnes at Cologne, and took the first place as Magister Artium, 12 Feb., 1592. The same year he began his noviciate in the order of the Rhine province, taught theology at Douai, Treves, Wurzburg and Sweert, A theme Belgicee, Antverp., 1628, p. 462. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 302- Alegambe, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Tesu, 1643, p. 270. Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii, 1643, p. 553 (list of his works). Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 696. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 671 (magnetic cures, and against Goclenius). Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Bbb i verso; 14 Feb., 1651. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicoritm, 1731, II. ii. p. 83. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 72. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. Mayence, where he was created D. D. He made a long stay at Liege, was rector of the College at Paderborn, and ended his career at Namur, 14 Feb., 1651, in his eighty-second year. He wrote a number of theological books and lives of saints, works in French and Flemish, and these controversial tracts with Goclenius about the magnetic cure of wounds. col. 2143; Giinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1897, vii. col. 136 (list of his works). Portal, Histoire de t Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 404. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1778, iv. p. 89. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 34. De Backer, Bibliotheque des ecrivains de la Com- pagnie de Jesus, 1853, i. p. 635. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 663. Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliothlque de la Com- tagnie de Jesus, 1895, Bibliographic, vi. cols. 1900-06 (and references). ROBERTUS CASTRENSIS. See CASTRENSIS (ROBERTUS). Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences tre, 1599, p. 143. Secretes, 1870, No. 682. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 255. Kopp, Die Alchemic^ 1886, ii. p. 354. ROBERTUS VALLENSIS. See VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS). ROCHAS (HENRICUS DE). Tractatus de observationibus novis & vera cognitione aquarum mineralium, & de illarum qualitatibus & virtutibus antehac incognitis, et de spiritu Universali. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1661, vi. p. 716. 282 ROCHAS—RODARGIR US ROCHAS (HENRICUS DE). Continued. Henry, or Henricus, de Rochas, or Rochaz, sieur d'Ayglun, was the son of a man whom Henry IV. made General of the mines of Provence. He lived in the early part of the seventeenth century at Paris, was councillor and physician of the king, and wrote some books on medicine and mineral waters. The work, of which the above is a translation, first appeared in French : Trait6 des Observations nouvelles et vraye cognoissances des Eaux Minerales, Livre I. & Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Cabilonensis, Bibliographic. Parisina, hoc est, Catalogus omnium Librorum Parisiis Annis 1643. & J^44- inclusivt excussorum, Paris., 1645, P- I7° (' La Physique demonstrative '). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 200. Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 14. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotlieca metallic^, 1732, p. 119. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HernUtique, 1742, iii. pp. 59, 277. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 105. ROCHLITZ (MICHAEL BAPST VON). See BAPST (MICHAEL) von Rochlitz. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 375. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ; 1869, ii. p. 125. II. Paris, 1634, 1636, 8°, dedicated to Cardinal de Richelieu. Others on the same subject are : La vraye anatomic spagyrique des eaux mine'r- ales, Paris, 1637, 8°. La physique demonstrative des Eaux mine'rales, Paris, 1644, 8°- Trait6 des Eaux minerales, Paris, 1648. His medical work is on intermittent fevers. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751. ii. p. 1010. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1751, iii. col. 2153 ; Giinther, Fortsetzunq und Ergdnsungen, 1897, vii. col. 173. Faujas de Saint Fond & Gobet, (Euvres de Bernard Palissy, 1777, Note, p. 678. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1777, ii. p. 700 (various medical treatises). Carrere, Catalogue raisonnt des Ouvrages . . . sur les eaux mindrales . . ., 1785, p. n, No. 15 ; p. 12, No. 16. Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1135. Giinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . Jocher s allgemeinem Gflehrten-Lexiko, 1897, vii. col. 189 (gives a list of his works). ROCK (JOHANN JACOB). Disputatio Acroamatica De Chymiatria Superstitiosa, quam Speciminis loco Eruditorum, maxime Philiatrorum, disquisition! subjicit, & ita prudentem praecautionem commendat Johannes Jacobus Rock, Physicus Gelhusanus. Budingae, Typis Joh. Frid. Regelein, Typographi Isenburg. Aulici. Anno MDCCXIIX. 4°- Pp-52. This disputation is quoted by Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 194, but that is all. RODACHER. See PHAEDRO (GEORG). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 90 (under Rodogerus). RODANIUS. Rotatio Elementorum. Umbkehrung der Element, nach Beschreibung des Meisters Rodanij. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. i. RODARGIRUS (LUCAS). Pisces Zodiac! inferioris : vel de Solutione Philosophica cum aenigmatica totius Lapidis Epitome. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 723. RODARGIRUS—ROLFINCK 283 RODARGIRUS (LUCAS). Continued. Chymia Compendiaria, ad Johannem Riturum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 763. Mercklin quotes an edition by Tanckius, Lipsias, nomine ita appellatus,' and says that a century apud Henningum Grossium, 1609, 8°, as well as before (or about 1597) he wrote not badly concern- that in the Thtalrum Chemicum, 1622, v. [p. 806]. ing the 'philosophic solution.' Borrichius regards the name as fictitious : ' ficto Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 197. 200. HemUtique, 1742, iii. pp. 56 (^Enigma), 275 (Pisces Mercklin, L.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 752. Zodiaci). Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785. 1697, p. 32, No. xlviii. p. 592. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1797, i. p. 314. 1731, II. ii. p. 85. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Secretes, 1870, No. 938. Hillings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 274. ROLFINCK (GUERNER). See BRENDELIUS (ZACHARiA.s), Chimia in artis formam redacta, 1641. Guerneri Rolfincii, Phil. Ac Med. Doctoris et Professoris Public! Chimia in Artis Formam Redacta, Sex Libris comprehensa. Genevae, Anno M DC LXXI. 4°. Pp. [8] 443 [H]. Folding table. Other editions : Jena, 1661 , 1679, 4°, Franck- This is a treatise on Pharmaceutical Chemistry, furt a. M., 1686, pp. [8] 443 [n] and table. Guerneri Rollfinkens seiner in die Form einer Kunst-gebrachten Chimiae, Sechstes Buch. Von den eingebildeten Thaten oder Werken, und Chimischen Nicht-Wesenheiten. See ELSHOLZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND), Destillatoria Curiosa, 1683, pp. 228-307. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Prima, De Tartaro, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Ernesto Bogislao Frosten Pomerano, ad diem Julii In Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno do IDC LX. 4°. Pp. [2] 36 [2]. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Secunda, De Sulphure, publicae disquisitioni subjecta Respondente Hermanno Andreae Susatensi Westphalo. Ad diem Februarii In auditorio Medi- corum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno C!D IDC LX. 4°. Pp. [a] 36 [a]. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Tertia, De Margaritis, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Joh. Georgio Sommero, Mellenbachio-Schvvartzburgico. ad diem April. In Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno C!D IDC LX. 4°. Pp. [2] [8, dedication to his wife, Sophia Margarita Plathner] 28 [a]. 284 ROLFINCK ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Public! Dissertatio Chimica Quarta, De Metallis Perfectis Auro & Argento, publicae disquisition! exposita, Respondente Theodore Rollio Wschovensi Polono, die Septembr. In Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis. Anno C!D IDC LX. 4°. Pp. [2] 36 [a]. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Public! Dissertatio Chimica Quinta, De Antimonio, publicae disquisition! exposita, Respondente Casparo Gigante Gloga-Silesio, Ad diem Octobr. In Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno cloIocLX. 4°. Pp. [2, 48, 2]. The preceding five items are of the first edition original issue. The general title indicates that it of these dissertations. The sixth, De Terro et was first printed in 1679, but Rolfinck's dedication Cupro, is awanting. to Volckamer which accompanies it, is dated 1660, As will be seen by the next entry, some, at least, so that whether it was printed then or not it was were reprinted in 1679 ; perhaps there had been a meant to accompany the first issue, demand for them and they had gone out of print, In the British Museum there is a complete set or and sets were made up out of the reprints and the this edition of 1660, and it has a general title. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doctor et Prof. Publici Dissertationes Chimicae Sex De Tartaro, Sulphure, Margaritis, Perfectis Metallis Duobus Auro et Argento, Antimonio, et Imperfectis Metallis Duris Duobus Ferro et Cupro. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis. Anno cla loc LXXIX. excusae. 4°. Pp. [8] ; 1679, [2] 36 [2] I 1679. 38 [2] ; 1660, [2] 28 [2] ; 1660, [2] 36 [2] ; 1660 50 [2] ; 1679, 34 t2] I Index to the six Dissertations [4]. Each of the tracts has a distinct title-page as follows : Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Prima, De Tartaro, publicae disqvisitioni exposita, Respondente Ernesto Bogislao Frosten, Pomerano, ad diem Julii In Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno Clo IOC LXXIX. recusa. 4°. Pp. [2] 36 [2], Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Secunda, De Sulphure, publicae disqvisitioni subjecta, Respondente Hermanno Andreae, Susatensi Westphalo. Ad diem Februarii An. M.DC.LX. habita in Auditorio Medi- corum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, clo loc LXXIX. recusa. .4°. Pp. 38 [a]. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Tertia, De Margaritis, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Joh. Georgio Sommero, Mellenbachio-Schwartzburgico. Ad diem ' April. In Auditorio Medico. Jenas, Literis Krebsianis clo loc LX. 4°. Pp. [2] 28 [2]. Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Quarta, De Metallis Perfectis Auro & Argento, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Theodore Rollio Wschovensi Polono, die Septembr. In Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis do loc LX. 4°. PP. [2] 36 [2} Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Quinta, De Antimonio, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Casparo Gigante Gloga- Silesio, Ad diem Octobr. In Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Clo loc LX. 4". Pp. 50 [2], Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Sexta, de Metallis Imperfectis duobus, Ferro et Cupro, publicae disqvisitioni exposita, respon- dente Gothofredo Samuele Polisio, Francofurtense ad Oderam. ad diem Novembr. An. LX. habita, in Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno M. DC. LXXIX. recusa. 4°. Pp. 34 [2]. Index to the six Dissertations [4], ROLFINCK 285 ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued. Guerner Rolfinck was born at Hamburg, 15 Nov., 1599, where his father was Rector of the Johanneum. He began the study of medicine in 1616 at Wittenberg, under Sennertus, continued 1618 at Leyden, 1621 at Oxford, and after- wards at Paris and Padua, and was in such esteem that he was free to teach anatomy at Venice, and in 1629 he was offered the ordinary professorship of anatomy at Padua, having already, 7 April, 1625, taken the doctor's degree there. He, however, accepted a call to Jena and was appointed 30 Jan., 1629, professor of anatomy, surgery and botany. In 1641 he became professor of practical medicine and chemistry, and he was, as Haller calls him, the first professor of chemistry in Germany, and he founded both the laboratory and the botanic garden at Jena. During the years 1630-38, as director of the garden, he made it one of the best in Germany, by the number and fine condition of the plants, indigenous and foreign, with which it was supplied. He was a man of immense knowledge, not only in medicine but in philosophy, science and languages, was one of the last in Europe to give lectures on Mesue, Rhazes and the Arabs, and he was of no less activity and energy in teaching, in practical work, and in writing books and academical dis- sertations. He also travelled throughout the greater part of Europe. He was six times rector and when he died he was senior professor and physician of William IV., Duke of Saxe- Weimar. His death took place at Jena, 6 May, 1673. He must not be confused with his ancestor, Werner Rolfinck or Rolevinck, a historian who flourished two centuries earlier. Adrian Beier, Syllabus Rectorum et Professorum Jena, &c., pp. 235, 882. Wedel, Oratio funebris . . . Rolfincio . . . Jena: . . . anno 1673 • • • dicta [Jenae, 1673] 4°. Witte, Memories Medicorum, Decas II., 1676, p. 264. Konig, Bibliotheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 699. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatns, 1686, p. 367. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 385 (Addit. c. xi. §6). Freher, Theatrum -virorum eruditione clarontm, 1688, p. 1412. Witte, Diarium biographicum , 1688, sig. Hhhh i verso, 6 May, 1673. Zeumer, Vita Professorum . . . qui in . . . Academia Itnensi . . . vixerunt et ad hue vivunt, lenae, 1711, classis iii. pp. 36-40. Reimmann, Einkitung in die Historiam litera- riam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 539. Stahl, Zufallige Gedancken . . . uber den Streit von dem so gcnannten Sulphure, 1718, p. 14 (brought chemistry into shape, deduced its opera- tions from causes conformable to nature and reason, and laid a foundation on which many subsequently built) ; French translation, 1766, p. 6. Papadopolus, Historic. Gymnasii Patavini, 1726, ii. p. 314, n. ccliii. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 86 (contains his funeral oration by Johann Frischmuth). Stolle, Anleitttng zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 709, 710, 789, 790, 791. Jacob Leu folds Prodromus BibliothectB metallicce, 1732, p. 120. Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, P- 303. So keen an anatomist was he, that he was much disappointed when a criminal escaped him. One dissipated scoundrel who knew his weakness, declared shortly before his execution that he had something of importance, the greatest importance, to disclose, namely : that he might not be ' rol- fincked ' after his death. Rolfinck, who was standing by and heard this, could not contain himself and glaring at the culprit burst out : ' Ha ! you Cadaver, you are too " putrid " for me, else I would have rolfincked you with my scalpel.' The phrase became popular, in the same way as to ' Rathillet ' meaning to assassinate, and to ' Burke ' meaning to suffocate, became popular, but while ' burke ' has survived, ' rathillet ' has passed away. The position which he held as a chemist may, perhaps, be best judged of by quoting what Wedel says of him (p. 25) : Divinam artem chimiam ad sobriam redegit metam, in artis formam digestam defendit. Nullus in Europa chimise Professor publicus ante Rolfin- cium extitit, nullus tarn sedu!6 operam laboribus chimicis dedit. Extruxit magnificum propriis sumptibus laboratorium in quo spirant assidui ignes in humanos usus. But alchemy found an opponent in him, and he called the reputed transmutation by Thurneysser of the nail, which was shown as a curiosity in Florence, ' fabulosa ' (Chymia, p. 436). His objections were discussed by Becher in the following : Experimentum Chymicum Novum, . . . Loco Supplement in Pbysicam Subterranean! et Responsi ad D. Rolfincii Schedas de non Entitate Mercurii corporum, Francofurti, 1671, 8°, pp. 172, and reprinted in various editions of the Physica Subterranea, See that of 1681, p. 561. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 718. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 278. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. coL 596 (list of his dissertations). Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 558-565 (a full account). Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 199, 200, 389, 428, 436, 519 (notice of him) ; ii. pp. 740, 890 (further notice), 975. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2191 ; Giinther's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen, 1897, vii. col. 320 (list of his works). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1755. »• P- 332 ? 1778, iv. p. 96. Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire hislorique, 1759, IX. i. p. 314. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum. chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 495. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. pp. 626-635 (K00^ notice and a long account of his anatomical work). Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 537. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 372 (a laudatory notice). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 335- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practice, 1777, ii. PP- 553-558 (a list of his dissertations). Job. Otto Thiess, Versuch einer Gelehrtcn~ geschichte von Hamburg nach alphabetischer Ord- nung, 1780, ii. pp. 143-145. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 15. Joh. Christian Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachs- (hums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie, in der neuern Zeit, 1790, I. i. p. 15. 286 ROLFINCK— ROSARIUM ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued. Metzger, Skisze einer pragmatischen Literdr- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 267, § 222 ; p. 273, ii. p. 45. §226. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 596, 1855, p. 485. 617 ; 1798, ii. p. 137 (Utis Udenius, Non-entia J. Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren der Chimica, note z). Universitdt Jena von 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, 'Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litter atur, p. 121. 1806-08, p. 126. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 680. 25), vii. p. 43 (list of his dissertations). Gernet, Mittheilungen aus der dlteren Medicinal- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, Halle, geschichte Hamburg's, 1869, p. 210. 1827, iv. pp. 66 (Rolfinck was among the first to Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicates, adopt and propagate Harvey's discovery), 148, 288. 1870, ii. p. 617. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. Hans Schr6der & C. R. W. Klose, Ltxikon der 411. hamburgiscken Schriftsteller bis zur Gegenwart, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- 1873, vi. pp. 362-366. cine, 1839, iv. p. 8 (list of his dissertations). Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Medi- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 334 ; cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. n6(from Dezeimeris). 1869, ii. p. 326. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 272, Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 279, 280. 289, 311 ; 1849, ii. p. 193. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 68, 91, 230. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 296. ROLLIUS (THEODOR). Dissertatio chimica . . . De Metallis Perfectis Auro et Argento. See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1660. ROMA. See ANT1DOTARIO Romano Latino, et Volgare, 1635. ROQUETAILLADE QEAN DE). See RUPESCISSA (JOHANNES DE). ROSARIO DE FILOSOFI. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. ROSARIUM. See DAUSTEN (JOHN). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 42, 71, 145. ROSARIUM ABBREVIATUM. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 650. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 133. See also ROSARIUM Philosophorum . . . per Toletanum. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophit Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 40, 53, 69. ROSARIUM NOVUM OLYMPICUM. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 202. ROSARIUM DER PHILOSOPHORUM. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. ROSARIUM— ROSAR1US ROSARIUM Philosophorum ex Compilatione omnium Philosophicorum Librorum. Per Toletanum Philosophum Maximum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ill. p. 663. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 119. This and the ' Rosarium Abbreviatum ' were included in the collection published in 1599 by Justus a BALBIAN (320. Archivfur Freimdurer und Rosenkreuzer, Berlin, 1783-85, 2 Th. 8°. (Among the articles in these volumes the following refer to alchemy and Rosi- crucianism : Naude°s ' Apologie' ;. Garland's ' Com- mentary on the Emerald table'; ' Allgemeine Reformation ' and ' Fama Fraternitatis ' ; Eugenius Philalethes, ' Anthroposophical Magic,' Dr. Price's experiments, and various reviews.) Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, Leipzig, 1783, 8°, pp. [1-7] 8-126 ('Hochzeit,' p. 43). Beytrag zur Geschichte der hijhem Chemie, 1785, pp. 517, '600. Semler, Zusatze zu der teutschen Uebersetzung von Fludds Schutzschrift fur die Rosenkreuzer, Halle, 1785, 8°, pp. xxxii, 212. Semler, Unparieiische Samlungen zur Historie der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. [24] 182 ; 1787, ii. [28] 179 [i blank] : J788. >"'• C12] 2O4 '< X788> iv- C8] 196 [18, 2 blank] (i. p. 101, ' Chymische Hochzeit). Semler, Von dchter hermetischer Arzenei . . . wieder falsche Maurer und Rosenkreuzer, Leipzig, 1786, 8°, pp. 84. C. J. Bougind, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit- terargeschichte , 1792, v. p. 357 ; Ibid. , 1791, iv. p. 720. Semler's book, in a biographical notice of Semler, pp. 718-729 (numerous references to notices of him). Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophie, 1796, v. p. 541. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 556- 565 (Rosenkreutzer) ; 1798, ii. pp. 331-332 (Orvius, Renatus, &c.). Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, Uber den taahren Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurer- ordens, Sulzbach, 1803, pp. 16, 23, 27, 40, 44, 53, 68. Job. Gottlieb Buhle, Ueberden Ursprung und die vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer rind Freymaurer. Eine historisch-kritische Unter- suchung, Gottingen, 1804, 8°, pp. xii, 418 [i, i blank]. Friedrich Nicolai, Einige Bemerkungen uber den Ursprung und die Geschichte der Rosenkreuzer und Freymaurer, veranlafst durch die sogenannte his- torisch-kritische Untersuchung des Herrn Hofraths Buhle uber diesen Gegensland, Berlin und Stettin, 1806, 8°, pp. [2] xvi, 180, 68 ; engraved plate, (severe criticism of Buhle). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteralur, 1806-08, p. 113 (some notice of Valentin Andrea). Wilhelm Hossbach, Johann Valentin Andrea und sein Zeitalter, Berlin, 1819, 8°, pp. xv. [i] 295 [i] ; pp. 75-123 (the Rosicrucian question). Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie, 1820, iv. pp. 33-34 (and references ; Andrea). Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, p. 173. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 346, 371- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 325 ; 1869, ii. p. 317. ROSENCREUTZER-ROSENSTAND-GOISKE 293 ROSENCREUTZER. Continued. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, pp. 174-201, Nos. 2416-2690. Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer, Joachim Jungius tind sein Zeitalter, . . . Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1850, pp. 53-66 (Jungius not the originator of the Fraternity ; account of Andrea ; connection be- tween them). Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer, ' Kritische Bemer- kungen iiber den Verfasser und den ursprunglichen Sinn und Zweck der Fama Fraternitatis des Ordens des Rosenkreutzes,' in Zeitschrift fur die historische Theologie, . . . herausgegeben von Dr. theol. Christian Wilhelm Niedner, Hamburg und Gotha, 1852, Jahrgang, 1852 (Bd. xxii. N.F. Bd. xvi.) pp. 298-315 (brings forward a great array of proof in support of Andrea's authorship of the Fama, Confession and Chymische Hochzeit, of his having originated the whole fancy, and of there never having been any Fraternity at all). Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdrge- schichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 94, 95 (' Rosenkreuzer') ; 1853, III. ii. pp. 210 (Andrea, the originator of the Fraternity), 214, 220, 222, 430, 434 (list of Andrea's works), 482, 484, 497, 500, 522, 523 (all about Andrea). Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 256-275. Robert Alfred Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. pp. 98-118 ; 350-352. J. G. Findel, Geschichte der Freimaurerei, 1866, pp. 125, 290. Hargrave Jennings, The Rosicrucians, their Rites and Mysteries, 1870, 8° ; 2nd edition, 1879 ; 3rd edition, 1887, 2 vols., 8° (a book of absolutely no value). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1535, 1547. Thomas de Quincey, ' Historico-critical Inquiry into the Origin of the Rosicrucians and the Free- masons,' Works, 1871, xvi. pp. 353-444. (This is Huhle's work which he has ' abstracted, re-arranged, and . . . improved.') Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1875, i. pp. 441-447 (with references ; article by Henke on Andrea). Haeser, Gtschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 225 Goedeke, Grundrijs zur Geschichte der Deutschen Dichtung, 1886, ii, pp. 146 ; 529, No. 45 (Andrea's poetry). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 1-5, & passim. Hartmann, An Adventure among the Rosicruci- ans, Boston, 1887, 8°, pp. 181 [i blank, 10]. Arthur Edward Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, 1887, 8° (contains the ' Fama Frater- nitatis,' the ' Confession,' and the ' Chymical Marriage,' discusses fully and fairly the question of authorship and the theories advanced by Buhle and others, and gives an account of Michael Maier, Fludd, John Heydon, Thomas Vaughan, and the later history of the movement). Hartmann, Cosmology or Universal Science . . . explained . . . by means of the Secret Symbols of the Rosicrucians of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Boston, 1888 (consists of Madathanus' 'Aureum Seculum redivivum,' a vocabulary of occult terms, and another alchemical treatise, with printed tables containing coloured symbolical illustrations). Hartmann, In the Pronaos of the Temple oj Wisdom, containing the History of the True and the False Rosicrucians, 1890, 8°, pp. 134 [2] (alludes to the Society spoken of under ORVIUS (Ludwig Conrad) and gives a list of books for and against the Rosicrucians). Mysteries of the Rosie Cross, 1891, 8°, pp. [a], vi, 134 [2] (contains the 'Fame and Confession,' an account of John Heydon, extracts from the 'Comte de Gabalis,' and the 'Chymical Wedding'). Herzog, Realencyklopddie fur protestantische Theologie und Kirche, 1896, i. pp. 506-513 (article on Andrea by Tholuck and Holscher) ; 1884, xiii. pp. 66-69 (article by Kliipfel on the Rosicrucians). Charles William Heckethorn, The Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries, 1897, i. pp. 219 and 234-241. F. Leigh Gardner, A Catalogue Raisonnl of works on the Occult Sciences, Vol. i. Rosicrucian Books, London, 1903, 8°, pp. xvi, 82, portrait of Andrea. ROSEN-GARTLEIN. See KLEIN (Ein) Rosen-Gartlein. ROSENKRANTZ. See HERMETISCHER Rosenkrantz. ROSENSTAND-GOISKE (PEDER). Des Herrn Rosenstand Goisce Doctors und Professors der Gottesgelahrtheit bey der Akademie zu Kopenhagen Widerlegung einer deistischen Schrift die unwandelbare und ewige Religion der alten Naturforscher und Adepten betitelt, mit einer Vorrede von dem Nutzen einer demonstrativen natiirlichen Religion und wie die Religionspuncte des Philosophen von Sans-Soucy am griindlichsten widerlegt werden konnen nebst einer Aufforderung der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin die Frage von den Monaden oder wahren und lebendigen Bestandtheilen des Universi wegen ihrer Wichtigkeit in alien moralischen und physicalischen Wissenschaften noch einmal mit ROSENS TAND-GOISKE—ROSINUS ROSENSTAND-GOISKE (PEDER). Continued. Ernst vorzunehmen herausgegeben von Georg Schade Konigl. danischen Ober- und Landgerichtsadvocaten, auch erster Secretar der allgemeinen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Altona, verlegt und zu bekommen in der Schadischen Druckerey. [1760.] 8°. Pp. 96 ; 16 ; [16] 257-328 ; 160 [24] [8]. The present work is not concerned with chemistry and not even with alchemy, but it is interesting on quite another account. Peder Rosenstand-Goisce, or Goiske, was born i May, 1704, at the parsonage of Vestervig. He was educated by a relation at Aalborg, went to the gymnasium, and in 1722 to the university, where he made rapid progress and acquired a reputation for scholarship. The course of his studies was interrupted by his father's death, but nevertheless he passed his rinal examination in 1724 and began teaching first as a private tutor and then in 1726 as a master in Aalborg. In 1733 he re- moved to Viborg as conrector, and in the following year he was made reader in theology, which post he held till 1740. In 1732 he obtained the degree of magister, and in 1742 that of doctor of theology was conferred on him. In consideration of the long time he had spent in school work he was promoted to be dean at Viborg in 1747, and after holding this post for a couple of years he finally succeeded Reuss as professor of theology at Copenhagen in 1749. Of this office he discharged the duties with zeal and effect, ' breath- ing new life ' into the study of theology and intro- ducing the Wolfian philosophy. The publication of the present writing caused Anton Friderich Biisching, Nachrichten von dem Zustande der Wissenschaften und Kiinste in den Koniglich Danischen Reichen und Lander n^ Kopen- ROSENSTENGEL QOHANN JACOB). some stir. George Schade (3 RULAND (MARTIN), The Elder. Continued. Med. D. & CKS. Maiest. Personre SS. Medico, &c. Cum Priuilegio Caes. Maiest. ad decennium. Cura ac sumtibus Zacharise Palthenii, Librarii ac 1). in libera Francofurtensium Repub. MDCXII. 4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 471 (mistake for 487^, i blank. 2 woodcuts on the margin. Vignette. Progymnasmata Alchemise, siue Problemata Chymica, nonaginta & vna Quaes- tionibus dilucidata : cum Lapidis Philosophici vera conficiendi Ratione : Auctore Martino Rulando Phil. & Medic. D. MDCVII. Francofurti, E Collegio Musarum Paltheniano. 8°. Pp. [16] 254 [2 blank] ; Appendix Quaestionum Chymicarum, 136. The last tract has a separate title : Lapidis Philosophic! vera conficiendi ratio, gemino eruta tractatu : Opera Martini Rulandi Philosoph. & Med. D. E Collegio Musarum Paltheniano. Anno M.DCVI. Pp. 165 [with device and colophon]. Martin Ruland, the elder, was born at Frei- sing, in Upper Bavaria, in 1532, was a physician at Lauingen in Swabia, where he is said to have taught medicine in the gymnasium, and he was physician of the Pfalzgraf Philip Ludwig, and of the Emperor Rudolph II. He died at Prague 3 Feb., 1602, aged 70. He was in favour of Paracelsus' reforms, but be dealt greatly in secret remedies especially in emetics, such as ' aqua benedicta,' 'aqua terrae sanctce,' ' vinum sublimatum.1 He wrote some works connected with medicine : Medicina practica recens et nova, Argentorati, 1564, small 8°, ff. [12] 76(4] ; Appendix de Dosibus, ff. [12] 44 ; an alphabetical list of diseases with their remedies. It went through several editions. De phlebotomia . . . Argent., 1567, 12°. Hydriatice, sive aquarum medicarum sectiones quatuor, Dillingen, 1568, 8°. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 203. Konig, Bibliolheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 708. Mercklin, Lindenius renoi'attis, 1686, p. 789. Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. B a recto, 3 Febr. , 1602. Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 718 ; No. cxiii. Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes savans, 1715, iv. p. 413. Mangel, Bibliotheca Script 'arum Medicnrum, 1731, II. ii. p. 98. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal lira, 1732, p. 121. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 728. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttiq-uc, 1742, iii. p. 290. Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1786. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 856, 1010. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2306. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqve de la Mtdecine, I755- »• .P- 347 : 1778, iv. p. 135. Mor<5n, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, IX. i. p. 433. Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicvs, 1761, p. 344. Curationum . . . centurins X., Basil., 1578 16°; several editions. Balnearium restitutum, Basil., 1579, 8°. Martini Rulandi Patris Secreta Spagyrica, sive plerorumque medicamentorum Rulandinorum genu- inae descriptiones, cum scholiis Ehrenfridi Hagen- dornii, Med. D. Acad. Cur. Jenae, Literis Gollnerianis, 1676, 12°, pp. 94 [2], A book with the same title, and dated Jenae, 1616, is ascribed to Ruland the younger in Hirsch's Lexikon. That is due probably to some confusion. The ' Lexicon Alchemiae ' was first published in ^612, as above, and it appeared again at Frankfurt in 1661, 4°, pp. [7, i blank], 471 [i blank]. This is merely a reissue of the remainder of the 1612 edition, but the title-page and preliminary matter have been reset, and the title-page is in red and black. I have not seen the Niirnberg edition of 1671, mentioned by Leupold and Kobolt. Portal, Histoire de I'Anatom ieetde la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 466. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 335. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 223. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1777, ii. pp. 152 (list of his medical writings only). Beytrag tur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, PP- 590, 595- Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten- l-exikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 569. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 322, 323- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen I.itteratur, 1806-08, p. 82. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 72. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykundf, 1827, iii. pp. 418, 513. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 277 ; 1849, ii. p. 167. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. P. 31?- Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 441. Hirsch, Biographisches I*exikon der hervorra- genden Aertte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 1 20. 304 K ULA ND—R UMELIUS RULAND (MARTIN), The Younger. Propugnaculum Chymiatriae : Das ist, Beantwortung vnd beschiitzung der Alchymistischen Artzneyen, etlicher Spuriogalenisten verleumbdungen, vnd der vortrefflichen hochnutzbarlichen Chymiatriae, vnchristlichem vnd vnbil- lichem verdammen entgegen gesatzt, durch Mart. Rulandum Phil. & Medicinae Doctorem, & Cassareae Majest. a consiliis Medicis. 1608. Cum gratia & Privilegio Caes. Majest. ad decennium. In verlegung Jacob Apels Buch- fuhrers zu Leipzig. 4°. Pp. [28] 192. Title red and black. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Leipzig bey Michael Lantzenberger. Im Jahr M.DC.VIII. In Verlegung Jacob Apels Buch- fiihrers. Vignette on the title-page of Jacob and the angel. Alexicacus Chymiatricus : puris Putis, Mendaciis, atque Calumniis atrocissimis loannis Oberndorferi, quibus, laruatus ille medicus, Apologiam suam, chymico-medicam practicam nequissimo ausu iniuriosissime consarcinauit ; Oppositus asserendae veritatis, & famae integritatis suae iure, a Martino Rulando, Phil. & Med. D. & Caesar. Maiest. Personae S. Sae. Medico, & a cubiculo chymiatro. Missus ab Auctore Francofurtum, prostat apud Palthenium. Anno M.DC.XI. 4°. Pp. [7, i blank] in [i blank]. Martin Ruland, the son of the preceding man, was born on St. Martin's day, n Nov., 1569, at Lauin- gen, according to some, which seems most likely as it was his father's residence, but according to others at Ratisbon, which statement may have arisen from his subsequently living there. He graduated at Basel at the age of 18 ; when he was 25 he was ordinary physician at Ratisbon, and was appointed physician of Rudolph II., 16 March, 1607. His death at Prague, 23 April, Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 351. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 204. Konig, Bibliotheca vetits et nova, 1678, p. 708. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 790. Freher, T heat rum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1325 ; portrait, plate 60. Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, I 3 recto, 1611. Teissier, Les Eloges des Homines Savans, 1715, iv. p. 414. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 99. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 290. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1787. Boerhaave, Methodus Stiidii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 595, 596, 734, 874. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2307. Eloy, Diction naire Historique de la Mtdecine, !755. »• P- 348 ; I778, iv. p. 135- Moreii, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, IX. i. p. 433. 1611, of the Hungarian sickness, happened in his forty-second year. A good many works were written by him : Lues Hungarica, 1600, and in several later editions ; Problematum medicorum physicorum pars prima et secunda, 1608, and the account of the boy with the golden tooth upon which he carried on a con- troversy with Ingolstetter about 1595-97, afterwards reviewed by Libavius. His discussion in the Alexicacus with Obern- dorfer (y.v.) does not err on the side of moderation. Matthioe, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 365. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 466. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices^ 1777, ii. pp. 317, 323, 358. Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelchrten- Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 571. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1797, i. pp. 570- S7i. Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 73. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. p. 406. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. P- 314- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 717. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. 591. Hirsch, Biographisc/ies Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 1 20. RUMELIUS. See RHUMELIUS (JQHANN PHARAMUND). R UMPELIUS—R UPESCISSA 3°5 RUMPELIUS (JOHANN HEINRICH). M. Johann Heinrich Rumpelii Curioser Tractat von denen Geistern, so in Bergwercken erscheinen, oder von so genanten Berg-Mannlein, aus dem Lateinischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet von M. M. Drefsden und Leipzig, Bey Johann Christoph Miethen, 1702. 8°. Pp. 38. This first appeared as an academic dissertation, account of gnomes and cobolds, and resembles with Philippus Rohr as Respondens : Dissertatio de the earlier tract of Agricola : De animantibus spiritibus in fpdinis apparentibus s. de virunculis subterrancis, Basil., 1549, pp. 79 [33]. metallicis. Lips., 1672, and 1677, 4°. It gives an Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, 1732, p. 121. Haller, Bibliotheca. Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 620 (De inedia quorumdam hominum diuturna, Lips., 1674, 4°). RUPERTUS (EXPERTUS). See HULFFE wider die Armuth, 1702. RUPESCISSA (JOANNES DE). Liber de confectione veri Lapidis philosophorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 226. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l6$9, Hi. p. 189. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 80. Liber lucis. See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), Secreta Alchimiae Magnalia, 1612, p. 41. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 284. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 84. This is another version, somewhat modified, of the preceding tract. Thesaurus Mundi, Ein Buchlein welches genandt wird ein Schatz der Welt. See NEANDER (THEOPHiLUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 294. This is a modified German translation. Jean de Roquetaillade, better known as Joannes Rupescissa, was a Franciscan monk who lived at Aurillac in Aquitaine in the fourteenth century. Jocher calls him custos at the Dom-Capitel of Rodes, and advocate at Aurillac. In one of his works, entitled ' Apologus,' under the parable of a bird born without any feathers, but furnished there- with by contributions from other birds, he shows how the emperor and other Christian rulers who have enriched the pope, will finally make him poor again on account of his intolerable arrogance. He criticised the clergy and the pope, and uttered prophecies about kings and states. So he was put in prison by Innocent VI. about 1356 or 1357, and remained there till his reputed liberation in 1378 by Urban VI., though some say that he died in prison, others that he was burned in 1362, while still others affirm him to have been buried at Ville- franche near Lyons. Bayle was not sure what was the end of him, but did not believe that he was burned. Matthiae merely says : Career! mancipatus a. 1345. in eoque mortuus circa 1375. Celebris Cbemicus. II. U The dates given are so various, that there is obviously small reliance to be placed on these stories. During his confinement he wrote his different works, including those about alchemy, basing his knowledge on former practical experience. On this latter ground he bad a great reputation as one of the masters of the an, and he boasted of a quintessence of which one part could transmute 100 parts of mercury into gold or silver. In the ' Liber lucis ' is a picture of the furnace in which was conducted the ' incubation of the philo- sophic egg' whence .issued the marvellous quint- essence. The authorities quoted by him are Geber, Arnaldus and Lullius, who all flourished before his time. The works ascribed to him are the following : Liber lucis, Colon. Agrip., 1579, 4*, along with Thomas Aquinas, edited by Daniel Brouchuisius, Basileae, 1598, and reprinted as above. De considerationeQuintae essentie, rerum omnium, opus sane egregium . . . nunc primum in lucein data. . . . Basileae, no printer, or date [but the 306 R UPESCISSA—R YFF RUPESCISSA (JOANNES DE). Continued. 'Epistola' is dated May, 1561, and the book is of that time], 8°, pp. [1-9] 10-341 [6, 5 blank]. Besides Rupescissa's tract the volume contains writings by Arnaldus, Lullius, Savonarola and Cardan. Another edition : Basileae, per Con- radum Waldkirch, 1597, 8°, pp. [1-7] 8-292 [4]. Liber de confectione veri lapidis philosophorum as above. It is said by some not to be by him ; that may be, but all the same it is practically identical with the ' Liber lucis.' Wolfius, Lcctiones Memorabiles, 1600, i. pp. 623- 625 (ad annum 1340), (a prophecy, taken from Froissart). Maier, Symbola Aure caP- rSi P- 417. Johannes Gottfridus Olearius, Abacus patrolo- gicus, Jense, 1673, p. 264 (name derived possibly from his birth-place, a village a couple of miles from Lyons ; a Franciscan ; reference to his im- prisonment at Avignon ; his prophecies and stric- tures on the vices of his time ; his book on the Quintessence, Basil., 1561). Cardilucius, Magnalia Medico-Chymica, 1676, Vorrede, and pp. 6, 7, &c. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 709. Mercklin, Lindenius renovaius, 1686, p. 674. Joannes Trithemius, Annales Hirsaugienses, S. Galli, 1690, ii. p. 225. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum, 1697, p. 22, No. xxix. Casimir Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesice Antiquis, 1722, iii. cols. 1011-1015. Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730, iv. p. 74 (long account). Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 102. Lucas Wadding, Annales Minorum, ad Annum fJJ7> J733» vm- P- J32> No. xvi. (mentions Rupe- scissa's imprisonment, but says nothing about his end, and is mainly concerned with vindicating his prophecies and defending him from the charge of heresy). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 204, 468 ; iii. pp. 36, 52, 69, 290, 291. RUSSENSTEIN. See RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS VON). RUSSIA. See PHARMACOPOEA ROSSICA, 1803. RUSTICUS MINOR. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN). New grofs Distillier-Buch, wolgegriindter kiinstlicher Distillation. Gvaltheri H. Ryff, Medici, & Chirurgi. Vnderweisung vnd bericht, die fiirnembste Distillierte Wasser, Kostliche Aquas uitae, Quintam essentiam, Heylsame 61, Balsam, vnd dergleichen vil guter Abziig, so zu vilfaltigen kranckheyten, Coelum philosophorum, Paris., 1548, and others in manuscript. There is a French version : La vertu . . . de la quintessence, Lyon, 1549, small 8°, by Antoine du Moulin Masconnois, and there is said to be a trans- lation of the ' Liber lucis ' by the same, Paris, without date. According to Cardilucius, in his Magnalia Medico-Chymica, the first two tracts in that collec- tion about the ' Quintessence ' were written ' without doubt ' by Rupescissa. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1853. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten -Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 2315. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 66. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, I755. 'i- P- 343 ; *778, iv. p. 116. Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, IX. i. p. 363. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 71. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 83. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 487. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 57- S9- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 29. Lucas Wadding, Scriptores Ordinis Minorum, 1806, p. 154. Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, 1814, p. 24. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 52. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 186. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 421 ; 1866, i. p. 446. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 228 (' Lapis philosophorum ' made by a series of opera- tions from mercury) ; 1845, iii. p. 243 (volatile alkali?); 1847, iv. pp. 188 (sulphate of mercury), 193 (calomel). Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387. Figuier, L'Alckimie et les Alckimistes, 1856, pp. IS. 58- 131- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 579, 799-801. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeVie, 1877, v. p. 196. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 361, 387. RYFF RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN). Continued. fehl vnnd gebrechen menschliches Corpers, fast niitzlich gebraucht werden mogen, Recht kiinstlich, vnd vil vff bequemere art dan bifsher, auch mit bequemerm zeug der Gefefs vnnd Instrument, des gantzen Distillierzeugs, Von Kreuttern, Blumen, Wurtzeln, Friichten, Gethier, vnnd andern stucken, darinn natiirliche feuchte vnd Elementische krafft, Einfach oder mancherlei gestalt vermischt vnd Componiert, Kiinstlichen abzuziehen oder Separieren. Mit ordenlichen (sic) vnd vollkommenen Registern. Mit Kaiserlichen Maiest. Priuilegien, auflf acht jar. Zu Franckfort, Bei Christian Egenolffs Erben. [date cut off?]. Folio. Ff. [4] cxcvii. Vignette ; 284 woodcuts. Colophon : Gedruckt zn Franckfort am Meyn, Bei Christian Egenolffs Erben, Ira Jar, M.D.LVI. A new edition of the ' Distillier-Buch ' was printed at Frankfurt a. M. by EgenolfFs heirs in 1597, small folio, ff. [6] 217, with woodcuts, and the title in red and black. As it is definitely asserted on the title-page that the book was first put in print by Hieronymus Braunschweigk, and afterwards by Gualtherus Ryff, the 1597 issue is strictly the third edition of the book. Ryff, Ryf, Rijf. Riffus or Rivius, while Justus calls him Gualterus Rieff Hermenius, a native of Strasburg, must have been born towards the end of the fifteenth century. He studied medicine, and became physician to the town of Ntirnberg, though Schenkius says he succeeded Hieronymus Braun- schweig, who had been at Strasburg. He after- wards went to Mainz, where, in or about 1540, he had acquired a great reputation. According to Wolfgang Justus he died at Mainz in 1539, but there seems to be considerable confusion as to his dates. Haller's summary is pointed : Compilator et polygraphus, malorum morum, & passim de civi- tatibus ejectus, pessimo Gesneri testimonio notatus, which statement he repeats about the drumming out of more than one town for his flagitious want of morals. From Justus he got the name of ' Dioscoridis cxplanator' for his commentaries on that author. He published an edition of the two books of Gesner, Bibliotheca, Tigari, 1545, ff. 284-285 (severe criticism of Ryff) ; ed. Simler, 1583, p. 295 (the criticism is omitted). Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia . . . Medi- corum, 1556, p. 163. Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590, p. 115 (no criticism). Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof., 1609, p. 203 (list of his works ; no adverse criticism). Jacob Thomasius, Dissertatio Philosophica de Plagio Literario, Lips., 1673; Ad Diiputationetn . . . de Plagio Literario Accessions, Jenae, 1679, pp. 26-28, §§ 691-692. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 365. Conring, In Universam Ariem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 404 (cap. xii. §4, add.). Mangetj Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, I. li. p. 676 (under Hermannus ; quotes Justus for the date 1539). Stolle, Atileitung sur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 819. Jacob l^upolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallictr, 1732, p. 121. Douglas, Bibliographia Anatomica Specimen, '734. P- 9». Raymund Lully (q.v.) : De secretis Naturae siue Quinta essentia, to which was added : Albert! Magni summi philpsophi, De mineralibus & rebus mctallicis Libri quinque, Argent., 1541, 8*, with a prefatory epistle to ' Philippus Imsserus Mathe- maticus. ' He also published numerous works on pharmacy (one of which was translated by Goclenius, Francof., 1610, 8°), surgery, anatomy, and obstetrics, and in writing them he seems to have had no scruples about appropriating material wherever he could find it. He thereby brought upon himself the wrath of his contemporaries, who showed no mercy for his shortcomings, either as a man or as an author. One attack, 'surprisingly violent ' as Goedeke calls it, was published by Gesner in the first edition of his Bibliotheca, and another by Leonhard Fuchsius in his Apologia adversus Gualtherum Ryffium. If Ryffius was as bad as they make out, he must have been literally what Fuchsius calls him, the most brazen of mortals : Homo omnium quotquotsolillevidit, impudentissimus. Thomasius, however, seems inclined to let him off a little more easily, for though, he says, most of his numerous works were stolen from others, they were written less for renown than to repair his dilapidated finances — in a word, they were "pot-boilers. Poor Ryffius, what a long time to stand on the pillory ! Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His- toriain litlerariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, p. 151. Kestner, Medicinischcs Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 734 (' der unverschamteste Plagiarius '). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 2076. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, pp. 160, 173, 174, 501, 721, 849, 864 (makes no reference to Gesner's criticism). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, !755- >'• P- 328 ; 1778. »v. p. 76. Will, Nurnbergisches Gclehrlen-Lexicon, Niirn- berg, 1757, iii. p. 368 ; 1806, vii. (Nopitsch's Drifter Supplementband], p. 291. Georg. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chronologicus, 1761, p. 193. Portal, Histoire de I' A natomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, i. p. 376 (praises his work and says nothing about plagiarism). Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 294 (' plagiarius,' &c.). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 189. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 190 ; 1775. »• P- 599. RYFF—RYTHMI RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN). Continued. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicee, 1777, ii. p. 57 ('homofamosus, polygraphus et compilator '). Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 207, § 181. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 327 (list of his pharmaceutical works). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 62. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- cine, 1839, iv. p. 45 (quotes Gesner's judgment on Ryff in full). Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, i. p. 284. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1849, ii. p. 183. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 402 (edition of Lullius' book, 1541). E. F. H. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857, iv. p. 336. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1877, v. p. 819. Karl Goedeke, Grundriss zur Geschichte der Deutschen Dichtung, 1886, ii. p. 320. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte alier Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. P- 133; Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. pp. 416-418. RYTHMI. See RHYTHMI. S.—S. (G. M. B. D.) 309 See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEPH WILHELM). S***. Des Englischen Grafens von S*** experimentirte Kunst-Stiicke oder Sammlung einiger rarer, curieuser und geheimer Chymischer Processe und andere hochst- niitzliche Arcana in welchen die Kunst : Gold zu machen mehr als auf einen Weg ohne dunckle Worte und Allegorien gantz deutlich gezeiget und mit alien Umstanden beschrieben und denen Liebhabern der edlen Chymie zu sonder- bahren Nutzen ans Licht gegeben worden Von W. G. L. D. Braun- schweig, MDCCXXXI. Zu finden in der Rengerischen BuchhandL 8°. Pp. [12] 84. Title red and black. Zweyter Theil. MDCC XXXII. Pp. [1-13] 14-112. Dritter Theil. M DCC XXXI 1 1. Pp.96. These parts have title-pages. The book is mentioned by Gmelin, who, however, editor, W. G. L. D. whom, by the way, he calls, enumerates only Parts I. and II. He has nothing W. H. L. omitting D. which, possibly, he took to to say about the author, or his equally modest signify 'Doctor.' Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 317. S. (C. D. M. A.). See GRUNDLICHE Widerlegung etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers . . . Schrifften, l66l, S. (C V. M. V.). See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis. S. (G. A.). See SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS). S. (G. M. B. D.). See RADIX CHIMI/E, 1680 3io S. (J.)— SABOR s. (J.). Natur-gemafser Beweifs von Gold u. Silber, als der hochste Zweck aller Menschen, sonderlich der Chimicorum, Wie solches von Gott in die Natur, von Menschen insgemein auf allerhand Art und Weise, Von Chimicis aber durch Kunst erlanget wird, durch 80. meist unterirrdischen Subjecten, entworffen von J. S. Verlegts zu Franckfurth und Leipzig, An. 1723. 8°. Pp. [1-9] 10-102 [14]. S. (J. G.). See SCHMID (j. G.). S. (J. R.) M.C. See VAUGHAN (THOMAS), Lumen de Lumine, 1693. S. (L. C). See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752. S. (L. C. P.) g. v. S. See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte de La Garaye. S. R., i.e. Sincerus Renatus. See RICHTER (SAMUEL). S. (T.), i.e. Sherley (Thomas). See ELSHOLT (JOHANN SIGISMUND), The Curious Distillatory, 1677. S. (T. P. G. L. M.). See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS). SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON). Chrysostomi Ferdinandi von Sabor, Practica Naturae Vera, oder Sonnenklare Beschreibung derer Natur-Geheimnifse, bestehend in wahrer Preparation des Lapidis Universalis ; Samt einem kurtzem Anhang vom Antimonio und dessen sonderbaren Krafften. Getruckt auf Kosten der Rosencreutzer- Briiderschafft, 1721. 8°. Pp. [8, including the frontispiece] 39 f r blank]. [Another Copy.] Chrysostomi Ferdinandi von Sabor, Practica Naturae Vera, oder Sonnenklare Beschreibung derer Natur-Geheimnifse, bestehend in wahrer Praeparation des Lapidis Universalis, Samt einem kurtzem Anhang vom Antimonio und dessen sonderbaren Krafften. Gedruckt 1735. 8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 30. SABOR— SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB 3" SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON). Continued. Of this book Kloss quotes the present editions of 1721 and 1735, and adds that there are several others. I have not seen these referred to anywhere, and I am doubtful about their existence. Lenglet Dufresnoy catalogues the book under the name of Christoph Ferdinand von Sabor, and mentions the 1721 edition only. There is much uncertainty regarding the author, but there seems to be a general agreement that Sabor is a pseudonym, although there are different opinions as to his real name. Fictuld, who spells it Sapor, instead of Sabor, identifies him with Christian Friedrich von Stein- bergen (y.v.). But in the Missiv the author is said to be properly called Christian Friedrich Sendimir Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hennetique, 1742, iii. p. 292. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 134. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 136. Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Ordensdes Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 108. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 660. von Siebenstern, and this name is accepted by the author of the Beytrag, by Schmieder, by Kloss, and by Kopp. The question then arises if Steinbergen and Sendimir von Siebenstern be the same person, and the author of the works which will be found under Steinbergen 's name below. Of Sabor, it is said in the Missiv, that he wrote a great deal ; whether the works ascribed to Stein- bergen are those meant here, it is impossible to say, but the book quoted by Schmieder, which, he affirms, appeared under his own name of Sendimir von Siebenstern, and has the title : Helles Licht und gerader Weg zu den Naturgeheinrmissen, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1723, 4°, is certainly not one of them. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 517. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 196, No. 2636. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1382, note. (There is no copy of the present work in this catalogue. ) Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 348, 388. SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB (PHILIP JACOB). Aurum Chymicum. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 192. Philipp Sachs of the noble family of Lowen- heim, or Loewenheimb, or Lewenheim, or Lewen- heimb, or Leuuenheimb, or Lewenhaimb, or Leivenheimb, was born at Breslau, 26 August, 1627. Having done his schooling there effici- ently, he went to Leipzig where he studied under Dr. Michaelis, and at the end of his arts and philosophy course graduated Phil. Magister in 1648. Having fixed on medicine for his profession, he endeavoured to acquire an adequate know- ledge of it by studying under the best teachers of the time, and to this end he attended courses not only in Leipzig, but in some of the Dutch Univer- sities and in Strasburg, Paris, Montpellier and Padua, where he finally obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine, 27 March, 1651. He returned to Breslau, 6 May, and soon distin- guished himself in practice, married in 1653, and was elected a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 1658, with the name Phosphorus I. For this society he made great exertions, and not only himself contributed observations to its Proceed- ings but, by carrying on a correspondence with the most learned physicians of Europe, and ultimately in 1666 by becoming editor of the ' Ephemerides,' he endeavoured to keep Breslau and the Society pro- minently before the learned and scientific world. Mercklin, l.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 914. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1410. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ffff 2 verso; 7 Jan., 1672. Memoria Sachsiana, Imperiali Natures Curios- orum Societati ac Posteris commendata : Kilice Holsatorum a I. D. M. D., Lipsiae, Sumptibus Joh. Fried. Gleditschii, M.DC.LXXXX., 4°, pp. 76 [4]. This is a reprint of Joh. Daniel Major's elaborate Elogium from the Miscellanea Curios. Decur. I. Ann. iv. & v. Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini , 1726, ii. p. 313, No. ccli. Through his influence there was obtained for the Society, 5 Aug., 1677, the Imperial patron- age of Leopold I., and in 1687 the full title of the Imperial Leopoldine Academy was conferred upon it, along with a number of privileges. To the post of Stadt-physikus of Breslau Sachs was advanced in 1670, but he enjoyed this position for a short time only, as his death took place on 7 Jan., 1672 (1671), at the early age of 44 years. He was a man of great erudition, and he wrote the following : Ampelographia, sive vitis viniferae ejusque par- tium Consideratio physico-philologico-historico- medicp-chymica, Leipzig, 1661, 8°; about the vine and wine. Responsoria dissertatio de miranda lapidum natura (printed along with Joh. Dan. Major's ' Dis- sertatio . . . de Cancris . . . petrefactis,' Jenae, 1664, 8°, pp. no [i, 3 blank]). Oceanus macro-microcosmicus, seu dissertatio epistolica de analogo motu aquarum ex et ad Oceanum, sanguinis exetad Cor, Breslau, 1664, 8°. (The analogy between the tides, and the flow of blood in man.) Gammarologia, id est, gammarorum sive Can- crorum consideratio, Leipzig, 1665, 8°. Niceron, Memoires, 1727, ii. p. 336. Johannes Sinapius, Schlesischer Curiosiiaten, Leipzig und Brefslau, 1728, ii. p. 943, col. a. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. pp. 120-146 (reprint of the Elogium by Joh. Dan. Major; reviews of his works). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 891, 892. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, 1732, pp. 91, 123 (list of papers in the Miscellanea of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 736- 312 SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB—SAGE SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB (PHILIP JACOB). Continued, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermiftique, 1742, iii. p. 62. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 268. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751. pp. 65, 195, 317, 518, &c. jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 16. Biichner, Academiae . . . Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Historia, 1755, P- 4^4i No. 17, & passim, see the Index. Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 651. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 512. Moehsen, Verseichnis von einer Samlung von Bildnissen, 1771, ii. Catalogus, p. 116 (notes of portraits of Sachs). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomicat 1774, i. pp. 430, 581. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 372. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 1778, iv. p. 147. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 107 (list of his books and papers). Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'dhern Chemie, 1785, p. 623. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 24, 207, 215. Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 146. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique, 1804, xi. p. 12. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 170. Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (iSao- 25), vii. p. 85. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, ir. p. 102. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 418. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 731. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1388. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mldi- cales, 3enie SeYie, 1878, vi. p. 36. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. P- 139- J. Graetzer, Lebensbilder hervorragender schles- ischer Aerzte aus den letzten vier Jahrhunderten, Breslau, 1889, pp. 60-61. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxx. p. 142 (by Markgraf ). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 428. SAGE (BALTHASAR-GEORGES). Mdmoires de Chimie. Par. M. Sage. A Paris, de I'lmprimerie Royale. M.DCCLXXIII. 8°. Pp. vij [i blank] 262, xxxviij [i, i blank]. Engraved folding plate. Von verschiedenen Arten die metallischen Korper zu verkalken, von den Farben ihrer Glaser, und von denjenigen, die man durch metallische Kalke im weissen durchsichtigen Glase hervorbringen kann. See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 195. Balthasar-Georges Sage was born at Paris, 7 March, 1740. His father, who was an apothecary and not rich, gave him and his brother an excellent education at the College des Quatre Nations. At the age of 13 Balthasar had finished his arts course and then attended the lectures on physics and chemistry by the Abb6 Nollet and Rouelle, and repeated the experiments in a little laboratory which he had fitted up for himself, but he nearly put an end to his career at the age of 17, by in- cautiously inhaling the fumes of corrosive sublimate. The result of his study and experimenting was such that, by the time he was nineteen, he was able to start a free public lecture on mineralogy and chemical analysis. His success and energy attracted some rich patrons, who feeling confidence in his future advanced him 30,000 francs to establish a mineralogical collection and to furnish a laboratory. When he was only 21 he sent a communication to the Academy of Sciences, and in 1768 was elected successor to Rouelle, when he was 28. In 1778 he established a chair of mineralogy at the Mint, and space was allotted to him for a great mineralogical museum. To this museum he devoted much attention and care, and it grew to a great extent. Rom6 de 1'Isle and Chaptal were trained there, but Sage entertained a greater scheme for the education of mining engineers, and at last, as the result of a memoir by him, the Ecole des Mines was established in 1783 by Louis XVI. and the Minister Calonne, who made him Director. During the Revolution, though he sided with the King, he did not share the fate of Lavoisier, but only underwent a short imprisonment. ' On his return to life,' as he himself calls it, he found that he had lost his place in the Ecole des Mines and was deprived of his emoluments. He was re- instated in the museum at the Mint and continued to give his lectures. He had been left out of the Institute at its reorganization, and about this time published on a single leaf his claims upon the vacant place in it. These were : the works he had published between 1769 and 1785, 60 memoirs in all ; the foundation of the Ecole des Mines, of which he was Director for ten years ; the creation of a chair of chemistiy at Montpellier in favour of his pupil, Chaptal ; for forty years himself professor of chem- istry and mineralogy ; formation at his own expense of a mineralogical museum which had become national ; imprisonment in 1793 for eighty-seven days, at the end of which he found his department had been reorganized without him, and he him- self deprived of his position and emoluments. He had, therefore, sold his library and other pro- perty, had gone to a village fifty leagues from Paris SA GE—SA IGNIER 3*3 SAGE (BALTHASAR-GEORGES). Continued. and came every year to give his lectures, and though a member of the old Academy of Sciences, he had been left put of the Institute. When in 1801 he was called to it in succession to Darcet, it was more in remembrance of his former services than for his attitude towards con- temporary science. In 1805 he lost his eyesight and in 1813 he pub- lished a list of his principal discoveries. In 1817 he received the cordon of the Order of St. Michael. In 1822 he had another misfortune, for in that year he broke one of his thighs. He died on 9 Sept., 1824, aged 84. Sage was the author of a large number of books and papers on assaying and analysis, of catalogues of various collections of specimens and works of art, of experiments on distilled water, common salt, electricity, galvanism, and various branches of natural history. Though living at the time of Lavoisier's dis- coveries, he became an uncompromising opponent of them, instead of trying to ascertain their truth, and in this way he put a stop to his scientific career. Even in 1810, long after the discussion was con- cluded, he wrote a pamphlet which contains a curious attack on the new nomenclature, approval of the views of Meyer of Osnabriick, and shows the author to have been an out-and-out phlogistian. Its title is : Expose" des effets de la Contagion nomenclative, et refutation de Paradoxes qui d£na- turent la Physique, Paris, 1810, 8°, pp. 56. A similar adverse criticism of Lavoisier's discoveries and theories is contained in his autobiography, published in 1818. By that time Sage was an old Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 71. Expose des Titres de B. G. Sage, Pensionnaire de la ci-devant Acadtmie des sciences, sollicitant la place de Chymie, vacante a I'Institut national, small 4°, i leaf (no date, about 1794?). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 537- 539; 1799, iii. pp. 442, 615, 616, 683, &c., &c. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chtmia et Res Metallica), pp. 25, 61, 65, 74, 79, 84, 86, 87, 88, 103, 107, no, m, 123, 126, 141, »53. 159. 165, 175, 204, 205. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 374, 378, 425, 432, 448, 459, 461, 462, 475, 482, 483, 520, 556. Expose ' sommaire des pnncipales dtcouvertes faites dans tespace de cinquante-quatre anntes, par B, G. Sage, Fondateur et Directeur de la premiere tecole des Mines, Membre de la premiere Classe de flnsti- tut Imperial, Paris, 1813, 8° pp. 38. B. G. Sage, Tableau compart de la conduite qu'ont tenue envers moi les ministres de I'ancien regime avec celle des ministres du nouveau regime, Paris, 1814, 8°, pp. 80 (contains interesting personal and historical notes, and he shows himself a con- firmed opponent of the new chemistry). blind man, but he was in the full use of all his powers when Lavoisier was working. The consequence of this conservatism was that his lectures were deserted and his books were un- read. The same thing happened with his courses on mineralogy, for that science too, like chemistry, had advanced, but Hatty's system was as uncon- genial to him as was Lavoisier's, and doubtless it was this stagnation which caused him to be passed over for different posts, and which led to his various, not unpathetic appeals. People called him le Fossile. Still, as has been said, in spite of certain defects of scientific character, which were due rather to exaggerations of a good quality than to a positively bad one, he must get credit for much excellent work. He made chemistry, hitherto neglected, not only popular but of importance for industry ; he improved the art of extracting metals from their ores, and he was the first person to introduce into France systematic assaying and analysis. To him also is due the foundation of the Ecole des Mines and the Museum of Mineralogy. In addition to the offices above mentioned, Sage, who was a physician, was chief apothecary to the H6tel des Invalides and Royal Inspector of Phar- macists, and he was a member of the Academy of Sciences of Stockholm and of several others. A portrait of Sage, painted by F. G. Colson, and engraved by J. Beauvarlet, is prefixed to his Analyse des BUs, Paris, 1776, and another, painted and engraved by A. de Marcenay, is before his Clemens de Mineralogie Docimastique, seconde edition, Paris, 1777, Tome Premier. Notice autobiographique, Paris, 1818. (I hare not seen this. ) Bibliographie de la France, 1824, pp. 645-646, 676-677. Alphonse Jacques Mahul, Annuaire nicrologique, ou compliment annuel et continuation de toutes les Biographies ou Dictionnaires Historiques. Annie 1824, Paris, Decerabre, 1825, pp. 272-278 (account of his life, and list of 67 papers). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, y. p. 61. QueYard, La France littiraire, 1836, viii. p. 306. Biographie Univenelle, Supplement, 1847, Ixxx. p. 269 (article by Michaud jeune) ; no date, xxxvii. p. 230. Nouvelle Biographie Gfnirale, 1863, xlii. col. 1010. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wiirterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 732. (Poggendorff puts his birth-day in May, but under one of the portraits March is the month given.) Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1878, vi. p. 109. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 438. SAIGNIER (JEAN). Magni Lapidis Naturalis Philosophia & vera are per loannem Saignier Lute- tianum in opus deducta & filio suo Carolo loco inaestimabilis thesauri testamento relicta, & in agone mortis propria manu subsignata. Parisiis Anno Domini 1632. Die 7. Maij. Bremae Typis & sumptibus lacobi Koehleri Anno MDCLXIV. 4°. Pp- [1-2] W 3-5*. 314 SAIGNIER—SALA SAIGNIER (JEAN). Continued. Jocher merely quotes the present book as having thing about the author except calling him an been composed along with others, but he neither alchemist, mentions any of these others, nor does he say any- Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 675. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 292. 1731, II. ii. p. 146. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrien- Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 33. SAINT-DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE LIMOJON DE). See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). SAL ARTIS. See ELIAS ARTISTA. Zedler (Universal Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 824) seems to think that 'SalArtis' is in some way or other an anagram of Elias Artista. See also Zedler, 1742, xxxiii. col. 663. SALA (ANGELO). D. O. M. A. Angeli Salse Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri celeberrimi Chrysologia, seu Examen Auri Chymicum In quo demonstratur, auro nee inesse sub- stantiam aliquam potabilem : nee illud arte spagyrica transmutari posse in substantiam aquosam, oleosam vel salinam; & quid proprie intelligatur per aurum potabile. Adjecti sunt in fine ejusdem Aphorismi Chymiatrici recogniti. Hamburgi, impensis Henr. Carstens, Anno M.DC.XXII. 8°. Sigs. A-C4, D-K4 in eights, or pp. [40, 104]; K5-Q8, or pp. 103 [i blank]. The printed title is within an engraved border. Haller (Bibl. Med. Pract., ii. p. 407) quotes : Synopsis Aphorismorum chymiatricorum, Brem. 1620, 8°. D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Essentiarum Vegetabilium Anatome. Darinnen von den furtrefflichsten Nutzbarkeiten der Vegetabilischen Essentzen in der Artzney : wie man dieselbige aufs allerley Krautern, Blume, Friichten, VVurtzeln, Rinden, vnd Holtzern extrahieren soil ; Vnd von andern niitzlichen, zu dieser matery gehorigen Stiicken gelehret vnnd gehandelt wird. Sycophantarum venenatos morsus Virtus cum perseverantia curat. Rostock, Gedruckt bey Job: Richels Erben, in Verlegung Johan Hallervords, Anno M.DC.XXX. 8°. Pp. [24] 255 [4 blank]. Haller (Bibl. Bot., i. p. 416) quotes an edition 1635, 8°. D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Hydrelaeo- logia, darinnen, wie man allerley Wasser, Oliteten, vnd brennende Spiritus der Vegetabilischen Dingen, durch gewisse Chymische Regeln, vnd manualia, in jhren besten Krafften distillieren vnd rectificiren soil; Als auch von ihren Nutzbarkeiten, griindlich tractirt vnd gehandelt wird, Neben einem SALA 315 SALA (ANGELO). Continued. gewissen Vnterricht, wie allerley Art stattliche, vnd niitzliche Aquaviten zubereiten seyn. Rostock, Druckts Jochim Fuefs, In verlegung Johann Hallerfords, Buchhandlers daselbsten Jm Jahr 1633. 8°. No pagination. Sigs. a4, A-T in eights, V4, or ff. [160], Haller (Bibl. Bot. , i. p. 416) says 4°. Processus Angeli Salae, Chymici illius & Philosophi Spagyrici celeberrimi, De Auro Potabili, novo paucisque adhuc cognito: Cui quidam alii ex Basilii Valentini, losephi Quercetani, Portae, & aliorum scriptis excerpti, cum commentariolis propter affinitatem ut adjungerentur, non in, consultum (sic) visum fuit. Argentorati, sumptibus Johannis-Philippi Sartorii, Bibliopolae, M.DCXXXI. 8°. Sigs. A-D4 in eights, of which D4 is blank ; or pp. [54, 2 blank]. There seems to have been an edition dated 1630. D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Tartarologia. Das ist : Von der Natur vnd Eigenschafft des Weinsteins ; Welcher gestalt aufs demselben vnderschiedliche hochbewehrte Medicamentem zu bereiten; Wie aufs alien Vegetabilien jhre Tartara abzusondern ; Ihre Saltzen aufs- zuziehen, zu granuliren, vnd rectificieren, Wie auch aufs einem jeglichen Saltz ein durchtringender sawrer Spiritus zu wege zu bringen sey. Darneben wird auch von solcher Dingen besonderm Nutzen griindlich tractiert vnd gelehret. Rostock, Gedruckt bey Johan Richels Erbe, in vorlegung Job: Hallervords, Buchh. 1632. 8°. Pp. [12] [2] ii2. Sheet G is wrong imposed. After the dedication is another title-page dated 1631. Haller (Bibl. Bot. , i. p. 416) says 1632, 1636, 4°. Some Principall Preparations. See COLSON (LANCELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1668, p. 93. The accounts given of Angelo or Angiolo Sala The Duke took a lively interest in Sala's chemico- are somewhat vague. He was descended from an pharmaceutical operations, and not only was able ancient and noble family, and is called a native of to make many important preparations but even to Vicenza, where he was born probably between prescribe them in an emergency. 1570-1580. According to one account he began After the death of the Duke on 23 April, 1636, practice at Dresden in 1602, according to another Sala was retained by the hereditary prince Gustav he left bis country because of his religious opinions Adolph, and went with him to Butzow. Here Sala and went to Switzerland in 1609, where he practised died 2 October, 1637, but his body was buried in at Winterthur or at Zurich. From what he himself the Cathedral at Gustrow, on the igth of the same says he was next in Holland at the Hague from month. 1613 to 1617, and was private physician to the His son, Johann Christian, was ennobled in Count of Oldenburg. From 1620 to 1625 he was 1640, and his great grandson, Baron Gert von Sala, living at Hamburg, and in the latter year was ap- was made a count of the Holy Roman Empire in pointed physician of the Duke of Mecklenburg at 1751. The family became extinct with Johann Gustrow. After three years' residence there, he Christian, Count von Sala, who died at Neu-Strelitz, accompanied the Duke, who had been expelled by 30 May, 1806. Wallenstein, first to Bernburg in June, 1628, to He was an able physician and an excellent chem- Harzgerode in Anhalt from December, 1628, to ist, an admirer and to some extent a follower of July, 1629, and to Liibeck, August, 1629, to July, Paracelsus, an advocate of chemical remedies, an 1630, returning to Glistrow in the summer of 1630. opponent of quackery, and he was able to judge In 1628, along with the Duke, he had been made fairly the merits both of the chemical and Galenic a member of the ' Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft ' systems of medicine then in conflict, which had been formed at Weimar on 24 August, Conring calls him the first of the chemists who 1617, with the aim of purifying the language from was free from trifling ; Haller repeats his dictum : foreign words. Primus chemicorum qui desiit ineptire ; Boerhaave SALA SALA (ANGELO). Continued. speaks of him as exact in the selection, prepara- tion and description of his medicaments, and he commends him for the clearness with which he taught how to treat regetables, animals and minerals for the remedies they might yield. He has been praised by competent judges for his know- ledge and skill, his powers of observation and reasoning, his good sense and freedom from many of the unfounded opinions of his time. He ridi- culed both transmutation and the universal medi- cine; objected to the name of oil being given to tartar, which had deliquesced ; observed that metals have different affinities for acids, that sulphur took something from the air in order to burn, and described new substances and modes of preparation. Lists of his works are given by most of the authorities. In addition to the above the titles of the following may be included ; I cannot guarantee the existence of editions except those in the British Museum and Billings' Catalogue, and those to which collations are appended. Tractatus duo : de variis turn Chymicorum, turn Galenistarum erroribus, in prseparatione medicinali commissis, Francof., 1602 (?), 1608, 1649 (written in Italian, but translated into Latin by M. A. R.), 4", pp. 64 [3, i blank]. This is appended to his collected works, 1647, 1650. Anatomia Vitrioli, Aurel. Allobr. , 1609, 12°, 1613, 12°, pp. [15, i blank] 1-34 [14] 35-75 [3 blank] ; Lugd. Bat., 1613, 8°; 1617. Editio Tertia, 8°, pp. [8] 107 [i blank] (from the Italian). Septem planetarum terrestrium spagyricarecensio, Amst., 1611, 1614, 12°. Ternarius emeticorum, seu Emetologia, Delph., 1613. 8°. Opiologie, La Haye, 1614, 8° ; English, 1618, 4°. Ternarius Bezoardicorum, Lugd. Bat., 1616; Erfurt., 1628, 8°; 1630, 8°; 1638, 8°; Mercklin quotes Erfurti 1628 and 1630, 8°. Ternarius Bezoarticorum ou trois Souverains Medicaments Bezoardiques . . ., Leyden, 1616, 4°, pp. [28] 91 £1], with an engraved title-page. The Dedication is signed La Haye, 20 Nov., 1615. Anatomia antimonii, Lugd. Bat., 1617, 8°, pp. M 145 [?l De Peste tractatus, Marpurgi, 1617, 4° (trans- lated by Greg. Horstius), 1641, 4°; Norib., 1660, fol., Goudae, 1661, 4°. Trait6 de la Peste, Leyde, 1617, 8°. Ternarius Bezoardicorum & Hemetologia seu Triumphus Vomitoriorum, . . . cum Exegesi Chymiatrica, Andreas Tentzelii, Francof., 1618, 8°; 1636, 4° ; Erfurti, 1618, 8°, pp. [54, 2 blank] 278 [2 blank]; exegesis, pp. [6] 122 (woodcuts). This last edition is mentioned also by Haller, Bibl. Med. Pracl., ii. p. 406. Aphorismorum chymiatricorum synopsis, Bremae, 1620, 8°. Descriptio brevis Antidoti pretiosae, Marpurgi, 1620, 8° ; Francof. , 1649, 8°. Grundliche Erklarung von etlichen kraftigen und hochbewahrten spagyrischen Medicamenten, Wandsb., 1624. De natura, proprietatibus et usu spiritus Vitrioli fundamentalis dissertatio, Hamb., 1625. Essentiarum vegetabilium anatome, Rostock, 1630, 8°. Processus de Auro potabili novo, paucisque ad- huc cognito, Argent., 1630, 1631, 8°. Ternarius Laudanorum, seu Opiologia, Erfurt., 1630, 8°. The French, Opiologie, La Haye, 1614, 8° ; and in English, 1618, 8°, as above. Spagyrische Schatzkammer, Giistrow, 1634. Saccharologia, Rostock, 1637, 8° (German and Latin). Opera medico-chymica . . . omnia, Francofurti, 1680 ; 1682 (Haller) ; 1712, 4° ; Francof., Beyer, 1647, 4°, pp. [8, including the engraved and printed title-pages], 856, [24] ; Tractatus duo, 1649, pp. 64 [3, i blank]. Rothomagi (Haller says ' Rom ' !), 1650, 4°, pp. [8, including the engraved and printed title-pages] 749 (misprinted 449), [13]; Tractatus duo, pp. 50 [2, 2 blank]. Myrothecium spagiricum. Appendix de pulvere Rosae vitae. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, P- 34- Der Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft Nahmen, Vor- haben, Gemahlde und Worter, Franckfurt a. M., 1646. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 205, 255. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 57-59. Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . In- troductio, 1687, p. 135 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; p. 288 (Add. ix. 4. 2) ; p. 370 (Int. xi. 6). Fridericus Thomas, Analecta Giistroviensia, h. e. de inclyta Meclenburgensium Civitate GUstrovia, Gtistroviae & Lipsiae, 1706, Catalogus biographicus personaruni .... p. 157. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. pp. 146-147. Stolle, Anlritung zur Historie der Medicinischen Gtlahrheit, 1731, pp. 776, 778-779. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, p. 123. Kestner, Afedicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, P- 736. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie HernUtique, 1742, i. p. 476 ; iii. pp. 292-293. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 635. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 747-751. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. p. 149 (commended) ; p. 1031 (primus inter Chemicos desiitineptireConringiojudice) ; p. 1032. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 41 (from Moller and Kestner). Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 419. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 416. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. p. 406. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1778, iv. p. 159. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. ii. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 586. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 103. Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Jtaliana, 1812, VIII. i. p. 303. Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 692. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 86. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 281. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 355- G. C. F. Lisch, Jahrbiicher des Vereinsfur mek- lenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde, Schwerin, 1837, Zweiter Jahrgang, p. 191 (enrolled in 1628 a member of the Fruchtbringende Gesell- schaft under the name ' Der Lindernde'). Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 216- 222 ; 1869, ii. pp. 208-214. SALA—SALLWIGT 31? SALA (ANGELO). Continued. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 115, when he was at Hamburg: Chrysologia, 1622,8°; &c., &c. Griindliche Erklarung von etlichen . . . Spagy- Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289. rischen Medicamenten, Wandsbeck, 1624, 4° ; De Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. natura . . . spiritus Vitrioli fundamentalis disser- p. 460. tatio, Hamburg!, 1625, 4°, dedicated to the Senate Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, at Hamburg). 1855, p. 473. Diclionnaire Encycloptdiqve des Sciences Mfdi- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- cales, seme SeYie, 1878, vi. p. 254. worterbuch, 1863, ii. p. 738. A. Blanck, Angelas Sala, sein Leben und seine Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1864, xliii. col. Werke, Schwerin, 1883, 8°, pp. 15, with a portrait. 162. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 48 ; ii. p. 334. Gernet, Mittheilungen aus derdlteren Medicinal- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- geschichte Hamburg's, Hamburg, 1869, p. 177. den Aertte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 150. Hans Schroder & C. R. W. Klose, Lexikon der Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1890, xxx. p. hatnburgischen Schriftsteller bis zur Gegenwart, 194 (article by Krause, and references). 1873, vi. p. 436 (No. 3346), (list of Sala's works Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 466. SALE (DE) ALKALI. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 179. SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS). •"^•T Opus Mago-Cabalisticum et Theologicum. Vom Uhrsprung und Erzeu- gung des Saltzes, dessen Natur und Eigenschafft, wie auch dessen Nutz und Gebrauch. Da denn zugleich die Erzeugung aller Metallen und Mineralien, und aller andern Salien aus dem Grunde der Natur bewiesen wird; Auch viel Theosophica, nach Gelegenheit der Materien, mit unter- gemischt werden. Defsgleichen auch weitlaufftig discuriret wird von denen uns unsichtbaren Creaturen, in denen uns sichtbahren und greifflichen Elementen, wie auch von dem Paradiese und dessen Loco, welches alles vorgestellet wird durch das Systema Magicum Universi ; dadurch der Wahr- heit-liebende zu den allerhochsten und heiligsten Geheimniissen geleitet und gefuhret wird. Alles auffgesetzt und zusammen getragen von einem embsigen Liebhaber der ewigen Wahrheit, dessen Nahmen Gregorius Anglus Sallwigt iiberkommen Anno MDCCVIII. Und Franckfurth am Mayn gedruckt bey Anton Heinscheidt, 1719. Folio. Pp. [8] 80. 10 symbolic plates, 9 coloured. JTjrP Tractatus Mago-Cabbalistico-Chymicus et Theosophicus, von des Saltzes Uhrsprung und Erzeugung, Natur und Nutzen, wobey zugleich die Erzeugung derer Metallen, Mineralien und anderer Salien, aus dem Grunde der Natur bewiesen wird. In einer durchgangigen Geistigen Deutung von dem Uhr- sprung aller Wesen : von denen uns unsichtbaren Creaturen in denen uns sichtbaren und greifflichen Elementen : von dem Ort des Paradieses : von der Schopffung und Erhaltung der sichtbaren Welt: von der zukiinfftigen Verwandelung zur ewigen Vereinigung mit Gott. Alles, nach einem Systemate Magico Universi, nebst andern in Kupffer gestochenen Problematibus, denen Wahrheit-liebenden, zur Einleitung in die Allerheiligste Gottliche Geheimnisse, sammt vollstandigen Register, aufgesetzet, von einem Emsigen Liebhaber der Ewigen Wahrheit, G. A. S. Saltzburg, M DCCXXIX. 4°. Pp. [6] 161. Index [21] [a blank]. 10 symbolic plates, 9 coloured. 3*8 SALLWIGT— SALMON SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS). Continued. [Another Copy.] 10 plates, uncoloured. This is the second part of Welling's Opus mago- are explained : 'Gregorius Anglus-Sallwight. ' In cabbalisticum (q.v.), which did not appear till 1735. any case they are treated as pseudonymous for The 1719 edition of Sallwigt's book is that quoted Georg von Welling, which is probably correct, by Kopp. He mentions the 1729 edition also, but, It is not surprising, therefore, that no notice has as he had not seen it, he did not know whether or been taken of a fictitious personage in the usual not the two were identical. There is no doubt sources of information, about that. The present work was also included in the Under the entry 'S., G. A. 'in the British Museum ' Viridarium reformatum,' Francof. a. M., 1719, Catalogue, these initials are translated ' Georgio fol. , by Michael Bernhard Valentini. Anglo Sallwigt,' but under 'Sallwight' (sic) they Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 240. 1732, p. 122. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 487. SALMON (WILLIAM). See RIPLEY (GEORGE), Chymische Schrifften, 1756. See DICTIONNAIRE HERMETIQUE, 1695. [Medicina Practica, with the Clavis Alchymiae. London, 1692.] 8°. Pp. [28] 696 (for 736, because pp. 433-472 are duplicated). This copy wants pp. 321-22, the chief title-page (for which that to the second book is substituted), the subsidiary title-page to the third book, and all the illustrations but one, which belongs to Flamel's treatise. The full title of this book runs thus : Medicina Practica : or, Practical Physick. Shewing the Method of Curing the most Usual Diseases happening to Humane Bodies. As all Sorts of Aches and Pains, Apoplexies, Agues, Bleeding, Fluxes, Gripings, Wind, Shortness of Breath, Diseases of the Brest and Lungs, Abortion, Want of Appetite, Loss of the use of Limbs, Cholick, or Belly-ach, Apostems, Thrushes, Quinsies, Deafness, Bubo's, Cachexia, Stone in the Reins, and Stone in the Bladder : with the Preparation of the Praecipiolum, or Univer- sal Medicine of Paracelsus. To which is Added, The Philosophick Works of Hermes Trismegistus, 1 I Nicholas Flammel, Kalid Persicus, | Roger Bacon, Geber Arabs, j ~\ And Artefius Longaevus, J ^George Ripley. All Translated out of the best Latin Editions, into English ; and Carefully Claused, or divided into Chapters, and Sections, for the more Pleasant Reading, and Easier Understanding of those Authors. Together with a singular Comment upon the First Book of Hermes, the most Ancient of Philosophers. The whole Compleated in Three Books. By William Salmon, Professor of Physick. Living at the Blue-Ball by the Ditchside, near Holborn-Bridge. London, Printed by W. Bonny, for Tho. Howkins in George- Yard in Lombard- street, and John Harris at the Harrow in the Poultrey, 1692. The contents are as follows : Roger Bachon, Radix Mundi, pp. 585-620. The preface contains a short account of each of Roger Bachon, Speculum Alchimiae, pp. 621-642. the alchemical authors contained in the book, and George Ripley, The Marrow of Alchymie, pp. this is followed by a list of Salmon's own writings, 643-696. published and unpublished. The remainder copies were reissued with a new Practical Physick, pp. 176. title-page : The second book has a title, dated 1691, and Medicina Practica : or, the Practical Physician: another, dated, 1692, p. 177, and contains : Shewing the True Method of Curing the most Hermes Trismegistus : The Golden Work, pp. Usual Diseases Incident to Humane Bodies, viz. : 179-283, including the ' Smaragdine Table,' p. 258. All Sorts of Aches and Pains, . . . To which is Kalid, Secreta Alchymiae, pp. 284-334. added the Chymical Works of Hermes Trisme- Geber, The Sum, pp. 335-472, with four plates of gistus, . . . And an Account of their Lives. . . . apparatus. By William Salmon, M.P. (sic) . . . London The third book has a title, dated 1692, p. 473, Printed and Sold by Edmund Curll at the Peacock and contains : without Temple-Bar, 1707. Price $s. Artefius Longrevus, Liber Secretus, pp. 433-520 In this reissue the title-pages of Books II. and (sic/or 475, &c.), in Latin and English. III. have been cancelled. Nicholas Flammel, The Hieroglyphicks, pp. 521- 584, with four plates. SALMON (WILLIAM). Continued. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis. Or, the New London Dispensatory. In VI. Books. Translated into English for the Publick Good, and Fitted to the whole Art of Healing. Illustrated with the Preparations, Virtues and Uses of all Simple Medicaments, Vegetable, Animal and Mineral, Of all the Compounds both Internal and External : and of all the Chymical Prepara- tions now in Use. Together with some choice Medicines added by the Author. As also the Praxis of Chymistry, as it's now Exercised, fitted to meanest Capacity. The Fifth Edition, corrected and amended. By William Salmon, Professor of Physick : At the Blew Ball by the Ditch-side nigh Holbourn-Bridge. London : Printed by I. Dawks, for T. Bassett, R. Chiswell, M. Wotton, G. Conyers, and I. Dawks. 1696. 8°. Pp. [16] 896, followed by a sheet containing the Table of Diseases, Mmm, paged 865-887 (sic, for 877) [2, i blank]. The third edition of this book was printed at London, for Thomas Dawks, Tho. Passinger, and Thomas Sawbridge, 1685, pp. [16] 896, followed by a sheet Mrnm containing the Table of Diseases, pp. 865-877 [2, i blank]. The fifth edition is, therefore, merely a reprint, page for page. Phylaxa Medicina : A Supplement to the London-Dispensatory, and Doron : Being, A Cabinet of Choice Medicines Collected, and Fitted for Vulgar Use. By William Salmon, M.D. The Medicines mentioned in this Book, are to be had ready prepared at the Author's House at the Blew-Balcony by the Ditch-side near Holborn- Bridge, London. The Second Edition. London, Printed for Simon Neale, over against the Duke of Grafton's Head in Grafton-Street, near Leycester- Fields, 1688. Pp. [2] ioo. 8°. William Salmon was born 2 June, 1644, accord- ing to the portrait in his ' Ars Anatomica,' but that prefixed to the fifth edition of the Polygraphice, 1685, states that he was in his 27th year in 1675, which would imply that he was born in 1648. There is no reliable information as to his early life and education, or as to how he became a doctor, whether licensed or unlicensed. He travelled, and then settled in London, where he engaged in the form of medical practice common at the time, includ- ing astrology, preparation of secret remedies and alchemy. He wrote a great deal on medical topics, and compiled works on botany, the pharmacopoeia, and anatomy, medical and chirurgical observations, and the above collection of alchemists. He took part also in the controversy about the dispensaries and wrote a ' Rebuke to the authors of a Blew- Book ; . . . written in Behalf of the Apothecaries and Chirurgians of the City of London. London, 1698, 8°, pp. 32. He resided at various places in London, indica- tions of which can be gathered from his books. Thus in 1671 he had his alxxle in Smithfield, near St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in 1681 his dwelling was at the Red Balls in Salisbury Court, off Fleet Street. In 1685 he was ' Professor of Physick, living at the Blew Balcony by Fleet-Ditch, near Holborn-Bridge,' or 'at the Blew Balcony by the Ditch-side near Holbourn-brjdge.' In 1692, the name of his house seems to have been changed, for he was then ' living at the Blue-Ball by the Ditch- side, near Holborn Bridge.' On 24 Oct., 1700, he dates the eighth edition of the Polygraphice from his house ' at Black-Fryers Stairs,'and in \kzRebuke he is ' living near Black-Fryers Stairs. Some of his books went through a good number of editions notwithstanding the despite shown him by some of his contemporaries, as by James Younge, and one of the most popular was his Polygraphice, a collection of receipts on the fine and practical arts, first published in 1672. Of this book there were numerous editions, of some of which I have given details elsewhere. The second edition in four books appeared in 1673, the fifth in seven books, in 1685, with a badly-executed portrait signed : W. Sherwin ad vitam sculpt.,' the eighth, much enlarged, in 1701, with a characteristic portrait signed : M. v. Gucht. Sculpt. Salmon died in 1713. If one may judge by his library Salmon must have been a man of erudition, and of wide and liberal tastes ; he must also have been a thorough- going bibliophile and possessed of means sufficient to gratify his acquisitiveness. Part of his library was sold, and from the auction catalogue of it, one gathers a clear notion of its contents. It is arranged according to size, and broadly according to subject, and the catalogue 320 SALMON— SALOMON SALMON (WILLIAM). Continued. was drawn up by Thomas Ballard. The title- page gives the best idea of how the collection was regarded : Bibliotheca Salmoneana, Pars Prima. Or, a Catalogue of Part of the Library of the Learned William Salmon, M.D. Deceas'd. Consisting of many very Valuable and Uncommon Books, in several Faculties and Languages. Chiefly, in Physick, Chirurgery, Chymistry, Divinity, Philology, History, and other polite parts of Learn- ing, most of the Classicks, Notis variorum, and other choice editions, well Bound and very Fair, several being of the large Paper. Which will be- gin to be Sold by Auction at St. Paul's Coffee- House, next Door to Dean's Court the West End of St. Pauls, on Monday the Sixteenth Day of November, 1713 ; beginning every Evening at Five of the clock till the Sale is finished. By Thomas Ballard, Bookseller, at the Rising Sun in Little- Britain. Where Catalogues may be had ; as also of Mr. King in Westminster-Hall . . ., Price One Shilling. 8*. pp. [6] 119 [i blank]. The preface throws some light on Salmon him- self : ' The following Catalogue contains Part of the Library of the Famous Doctor William Salmon, deceas'd, whose Character and Abilities are suffi- ciently made known to the World by the great Number of Elaborate Works set forth by him ; and indeed our Proprietor's 4>tXo/«i0eta, his Extraordin- ary Love of Books, and his Singular Judgment in the Choice of them, are transcendently remarkable, since he has been for many Years taken up in making so large a Collection, which apparently is as valuable, both for Quality, Condition, and Num- ber of Volumes, especially in Folio, as any that ever was transported to an Auction-Box, or Sold sub ictu Mallei ; for here the Ingenious will not James Younge, Sidrophel Vapulans: or, the Quack- Astrologer toss'd in a Blanket, by the author of Medicaster Medicates. In an Epistle to W . . . m S . . . n. With a Postscript, Reflecting briefly on his late Scurrilous Libel against the Royal College of Physicians, Entituled A Rebuke to the Authors of a Blue Book. By the same Hand, London, 1699, 4", pp. [16] 59 [i blank]. (Salmon seems to have made some reflections on Younge, and Younge, retorted with quite as vigorous language as Salmon used. Curiously enough time has verified certain of Salmon's views, rather than of Younge's.) Manget, Bibliotheca Scrip forum Medicorum, 1731 , II. ii. pp. 148-149 (reviews of the 'Dispensatory ). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HernUtique, 1742, iii. p. 44. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, pp. 220, 322, 544, 905. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 507. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 99 ('errores innumeros habet '). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 679 (' magnus compilator '). SALOMON. Philosophia Salomonis. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). La Grande Clavicule de Salomon. See GRAND (LE) GRIMOIRE. Clavicula Salomonis. See SAMMLUNG der grofsten Geheimnisse, 1725, p. 13. only find a Rich Treasure of Books in several Languages relating to the Noble Art of Physick, but even a mighty Stock in all other Faculties, that constitute the respective Branches of Polite Liter- ature, viz. Theology, Law, Philosophy, Philology, History, Mathematicks, Classicks, &c., besides great Variety of curious and uncommon Tracts on Miscellaneous Subjects, and a very fine Collection of English Books in the same Faculties ; so that to say more of this incomparable Library would seem to derogate from the Value of it, and from the Merit of its late indefatigable Owner ; we shall therefore leave the Whole to the View of such Gentlemen as are really (Xoj3{/3Xoi, and disposed to purchase these valuable Pieces when the Sale comes on.' The catalogue contains 919 lots in folio, 866 in quarto, and 1789 in 8° and 12°, or 3574 in all. I do not know if there was any subsequent sale. It has become the custom to call Salmon the compiler of the ' Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques' which appeared at Paris in 1672-73. That work has the name *le Sieur S.' on the title- page as the editor's, but I do not know what justification there is first, for interpreting the initial as meaning Salmon, as Kopp does : ' Der Pariser Arzt Salmon,' he calls him ; and secondly, for identifying the author with William Salmon of the Blew Balcony. How did it come about that he first made this alchemical collection in French, and then twenty-years after brought out a much smaller collection appended to another and quite different work? Still less reason there seems to me to be in con- necting William Salmon with the ' Dictionnaire herm&ique,' 1695. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 449. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. P- 303- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 6, 19 ; 1799, iii. p. 890. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 366. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvii. p. 81. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 462. Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 10, 16, 20, 36, 54. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 568-569, 630-631. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 467. Ferguson, 'Bibliographical Notes on Histories of Inventions and Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society, 1883, ii. p. 196; 1886, New Series, i. p. 226 ('Polygra- phice'). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340. Billings, /nd-ex-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 488. Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, 1. p. 209 (article by Dr. N. Moore). SALOMON— S AM M LUNG 321 SALOMON. Continued. Eloy informs us that Solomon is the reputed Mose und denen Propheten tibel urtheilende author of a book: De Lapide Mineral! quem Alchymist, 1706, cap. iii. pp. 55-59 (q.v.), who argued Philosophorum appellant, which was included by that Solomon, wise man though he was, could not Johann Rhenanus in the collection published by have possessed an art which did not exist in rerum him at Frankfurt a. M., 1625, 8°, but as he says, natura, but got his gold and silver from mines in it is pushing Solomon's studies in natural and the usual way, without requiring the philosopher's experimental science too far, to credit him with stone, or any miracle. Goelicke also raised the this. The subject had been previously discussed question whether Solomon was a chemist or not, by Johann Georg Schmid in his tract : Der von and decided in the negative. Herm. Condeesyanus, Harmonies inperscrut- Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer abilis chymico-philosophicce . . . Decas II. \collecta der Scheide-Kunst, 1703, p. 42. studio fir* industria loannis Rhenani, M.D.\ Goelicke, Historia Medicince Universalis, 1721, Francofurti, 1625, 8°, pp. 309-323. i. pp. 61, 62. Van der Linden, De Serif (is Medicis libri duo, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1637, p. 425. 1731, II. ii. p. 150. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 206. Kloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 953. 1778, iv. p. 167. SALTZTHAL (SOLINUS). Discursus de potentissima Philosophorum Medicina Vniversali. Brevis descriptio Admirandae Virtutis et Operationis summae Medicinae Lapis Philosophorum dictse. Discursus de philosophico fonte salino. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. pp. 675-714. A separate edition of Saltzthal's writing about the ' universal medicine ' was published at Strasburg, 1659, 8°. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625, note e. SAMMLUNG der grofsten Geheimnisse aufserordentlicher Menschen in alter Zeit. I. Formeln der magischen Kabbala oder der magischen Kunst des vi. VH. Buch Mosis. Sammt der achten Clavicula Salomonis. II. Gebete an die heilige Corona, Erzschatzmeisterin iiber die verborgenen Schatze. III. Natiirliche Weise, Schatze zu graben. IV. Gebete an den heiligen und grofsen Christoph, den gewaltigen Geber aller verborgenen Schatze. V. Ein approbirtes Buch zum Schatzheben, zur Erlangung eines dienst- baren Geistes, Jesuiten-Zwang der Geister. VI. Biblia arcana magica Alexander. Nach der Tractation des vi. and vn. Buchs Mosis, nebst magischen Gesetzen. VII. Das Biichlein der Venus zur Beschworung boser Geister auf eine gottselige Weise. VIII. Die algebraische Lotterie-Kabbala von Rottilio Benincasa. IX. Geheimnisse der Nigromantia und Beschworung der bosen Geister. X. Die Planetengeister. XI. Beschworung der Schatze, so unter der Erden sind. Ausbietung der Geister, so die Schatze besitzen. Eine wahre Wunschelruthe. Das wahre Sigillum Salomonis. VVie man einen Spiritus Familiaris bekommen kann. II. X 322 SAMMLUNG SAMMLUNG. Continued. XII. Die Kunst, den Geistern des Himmels, der Luft, der Erde und der Holle zu befehlen, nebst dem grofsen Gremoire, der schwarzen Kunst, den hollischen Kraften und dem wahren Geheimnisse, die Todten sprechen zu lassen und alle verborgenen Schatze zu entdecken. XIII. Arcanum, arcanorum maximum, Das ist : Jesuitisches Venusbiichlein, oder wahrhaftiger Zwang aller Geister. XIV. Geheime Kunstschule magischer Wunderkrafte, oder das Buch der wahren Praktik in der uralten gottlichen Magie. XV. Auszug aus der magischen Kabbala des vi. und vn. Buch Mose. Aus der kuthisch-samaritanischen Sprache. XVI. Der h. Jungfrau und Abtissin Gertraud, Erzschatzmeisterin der Schatze, himmlische Anmuthungen und Gebete. XVII. Magia nigromantica curiosa Alomonis Zadocki. In deutscher Sprache. XVIII. Almuchabota Ablegalim Alkakib Albaon, id est compendium magiae innaturalis nigrae. Per M. Scotum. XIX. Wahrhaftige Schatzstellung. XX. Volliger Prozefs, Schatze zu heben. Die Citation der guten und bosen Geister, dafs sie Schatze bringen miissen. XXI. Verfertigung des Erdspiegels, wodurch man alle Verborgenheiten sehen kann. Die Frag- und Wiinschelruthe auf Schatze, nebst der Kunst, sich fest zu machen u. s. w. u. s. w. XXII. Johann Kornreuthers gewaltige Citation und Beschworung. Anhang : Heiliger Segen fur unheilbare Krankheiten und bose Anfalle. Mit einer grofsen Anzahl von Abbildungen. Koln am Rhein, bei Peter Hammer. 1725. 8°. Pp. [4] 490. 491-508 are occupied with advertisements of Cornelius Agrippa's and other magical works, i folding plate. The title is printed across two pages. Though dated 1725 this is a quite modern book, seeking, necromancy and conjuration. It may be possibly a reprint. It does not refer to chemistry compared with BARRETT'S Magus (q.v.) and with or alchemy, but deals with the cabbala, treasure LE GRAND GRIMOIRE (q.v,). SAMMLUNG der neuesten und merkwiirdigsten Begebenheiten, die sich mil unterschiedlichen vermuthlich noch lebenden Adepten und ihrer philoso- phischen Tinktur zugetragen haben, nebst der ausfiihrlichen und sonderbaren Geschichte des grossen Adepten Nicol. Flamelli. Hildesheim, im Verlage der Schroderschen Buchhandlung. 1780. 8°. Pp. 148 [i, i blank]. The preface is signed Jetunn Ytlikhemt Ronb, and Flamel, p. 90; Contemporaries, p. 103; De la which may be an anagram or cryptogram. Croix, p. no ; Hans v. Osten, p. 134 ; The decapi- The stories contained in this tract are the follow- tated dervish, p. 139 ; The poisoned Chemist, p. ing: Sehfeld, p. n ; an unknown adept, p. 33; 142; Webster, Borel, Fludd, pp. 145-148. Burghart, p. 55 ; Ettner v. Eitteritz, p. 63 ; Jugel, The author, apparently, was a staunch believer p. 72 ; Christian Paul Bergmann, p. 83 ; Paul Lucas in transmutation. His name is not given. [Another Copy.] SAM ML UNG—SA NTANELLI 323 SAMMLUNG unterschiedlicher bewahrter Chymischer Schrifften. See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), 1746. This is a collection of Hollandus' tracts, and it HAUTNORTHON (q.v.)\, entitled : Tractat von den includes that by 'Sendivogii Diener' (who is J. F. Irrgangen der Alchymisten. SAMUEL BARUCH. See ABRAHAM ELEAZAR. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 67 (under Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences ' Donum Dei '). Secretes, 1870, Nos. 706, 707. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 314, 382. SANCTA VERITAS HERMETICA. See NAXAGORAS (EHRD DE), 1 71 2. SANCTUS DESIDERIUS. See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE> SANDERREUTER (GEORGIUS). See LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS), Experimenta . . . durch . . . Georgium Sander- reuter . . . verteutscht. SANTANELLI (FERDINANDO). Philosophic Reconditse sive Magicae Magneticae Mumialis Scientise Explanatio, ex qua omnia naturalia Miracula, & Admirabilia fluunt, ac in intimis atque occultis Naturae visceribus introitus aperitur omnibus, & per omnia. Authore Ferdinando Santanello a Foreno Neapolis, Philosopho, ac in Regio Nea- politano Gymnasio Primario Praxis Medicae Professore. Coloniae, M.DCC.XXIII. 4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 108. Though bearing the imprint of Cologne, the book looks as if it had been printed at London. In his dedication to the Royal Society he remarks that though the book is small it contains the most hidden things of science and explains them, and he does not omit to mention the labour and sweatings it has cost him to write it. He wanted the Society to support it with its authority, if the book was approved of, and, if not, that it should tell him the defects which he might amend. Apparently it was only a preliminary part of a work : Practica Medica. He does not seem to be at all known. Haller mentions both Ferdinandus Santanielli and San- tanelli, and ascribes to the former (Bibliotheca Medicines practice) : Dell1 uso de' vesicanti and De somnii causis, printed together in Lucubra- tionesphysico-meclianicff, Venet., 1698, 4°; De utili- tate &" necessitate mortis lucitbratio , 4° ; Novus universalis & methodicusfebrium tractatus, Napoli, Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 2063. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 175 i. PP- 538, 916- Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 225. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 42. 1705, 4° ; to the latter (Bibliotheca Botanica and Bibliotheca Anatomica) : Lucubrationes physico- mechanicee, Venet., 1698, 4°, containing tracts on opiates and fermentation. The two persons, we may therefore conclude, are identical. Haller calls him a disciple of Cornelius Consen- tinus and 'Archiater Ragusinus,' and Gmelin also speaks of him as the physician of Ragusa. Santanelli himself says that he practised medicine for some years in Venice, where certain publications of his were dedicated to Charles, Earl, afterwards Duke of Manchester (who was then envoy to the Venetian Republic, on a special mission to obtain the release of some English sailors from the galleys), and afterwards at Naples, where, in his own house, with war all around him, he composed the present work, which, like its author, is forgotten. He does not specify if the tracts enumerated above were those dedicated to the Envoy. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 781. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirvrgica, 1774, i. p. 535. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. p. 216. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 415. 324 SAPHIR—SCALIGER SAPHIR (G. C). Menstruum seu Solvens Universale Philosophicum. See MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-Stab. 1679. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1275. SATAN. See GROSSE (Die) Arglistigkeit derer sich der Satan bedienet . . . 1731. SAULAT. See ALTUS, Liber Mutus. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1146. SCALA PHILOSOPHORUM. See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 101. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 71. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 134. See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE). Die Leyter (or Leiter) der Philosophorum. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 94. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 127. The first edition of the philosophers' ' ladder of French, L'Escalier des Sages, and into German, learning' was probably that published in the 1550 It is put under the name of Guido de Montanor collection of alchemical tracts. It was considered by Manget, and this authorship is accepted by of some value, for it was not only reprinted two or Ladrague, whose reference is to the 1572 edition of three times in Latin, but it was translated into the Ars Aurifera, ii. pp. 115-183. Nazari, Delia tramutatione metallica sogni tre, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1599, p. 144. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 34, 37, 62. Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensa, 1617, p. 559. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 156. Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 208. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Secretes, 1870, No. 914. I732, P- Si- SCALIGER QULIUS CESAR). lulii Caeseris Scaligeri Exotericarum Exercitationum Liber XV. De Subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum. In fine duo sunt Indices : prior breuiusculus, continens sententias nobiliores : alter opulentissimus, pene omnia com- plectens. Francofurti, Apud haeredes Andr. Wecheli, M.D.LXXXIL 8°. Pp. [16] 1129 [i]. Index, pp. [90] [2]. Colophon : Hhh 8 recto (the last leaf), Francofurti, Excudebant haeredes And. Wecheli, Anno Salutis M.D. LXXXII. Verso, Printer's device. Julius Caesar Scaliger was born in the territory of at the age of forty, in 1525, was obliged — not by Verona, 23 April, 1484. His origin is uncertain, taste, but by gout — to give up fighting — with the but not what he claimed. His statement about his sword — and to take to another field and other first teacher is doubtful, because nobody could weapons. check it, and it is intrinsically improbable. He is In this year he accompanied as physician the said to have been a page of the Emperor Maxi- Bishop of Agen to his seat, meaning to return milian, and to have been in his following for immediately, but there he saw a girl of thirteen seventeen years and to have seen some military years of age, whom he wanted to marry, but some service. The death of his father in 1512 left him difficulty was raised about age, and he married her in straits, and at first, like a certain personage in three years later, and was naturalized and settled like circumstances, he thought of turning monk, at Agen. but he too changed his mind, and returned to the He now began to study in earnest, practising camp to make war — and history — for his too filial medicine as a profession, but devoting himself to biographer to embellish. languages and literature which formed his chief He seems next to have studied Greek and medi- occupation, cine, in which he possibly graduated at Padua, and His works first made their appearance when he SCALIGER 325 SCALIGER QULIUS CESAR). Continued. was forty-seven, and their production occupied him for the rest of his life, which came to a close 21 October, 1558. He wrote his own epitaph, which Desgenettes would not print on account of its bad taste: Julii Coesaris Scaligeri quod fuit. Obiit M.D.LVIII. Kal. Novembris. ^tatis suae LXXV. Extulit Italia, eduxit Germania, Juli Ultima Scaligeri funera Gallus habet. Hinc Phoebi dotes, hinc duri robora Martis, Reddere non potuit nobiliore Ioc6. His life — all the good qualities of it — was described by his son, a not unprejudiced or quite reliable authority. All the other qualities have been described by other biographers, who were prejudiced against both the father and the son. He detested falsehood : and claimed to be of noble family when he was of obscure origin ; of great charity : but would not admit that anyone knew anything but himself; of immense strength, bodily, of brutal force, mentally, and of a vanity but said of him all the evil ' que la bile la plus noire puisse suggerer. ' Lipsius puts him along with Homer, Hippo- crates, and Aristotle, as the four greatest geniuses the world ever saw. Such an exaggeration dis- credits Lipsius' judgment, and makes Scaliger ridiculous. Rather, Scaliger was one of the most intolerant and intolerable persons who ever lived, not excluding Gui Patin. What says At? 'Scaliger e"toit un illustre imposteur, grand esprit et de bonne trempe.' Arcades ambo. Scaliger was opposed to Alchemy ; and yet Paschalis Gallus — who says of him : ' et generis splendore et literarum peritia illustris ' — assigns to him the work : ' Verae Alchymiae artisq'ue metal- licae citra senigmata doctrina, certusq'ue modus.' This is not by Scaliger at all, but by Gratarolo. The present book Gallus entitled 'Nobiles illae exercitationes contra H. Cardanum.' The son, Josephus Justus Scaliger, who wrote the biography of his father, brilliant but misleading, vaster than both put together ; of grave, dis- was, according to some, ' un tyran dans la Litte'ra- tinguished presence, but the author of an un- »"™ ' a™A «"•»= 'f™ »>««"• «">~~ ' r\t K;™ n.,,\ D~.;., dignified attack upon Cardan in this present book, which was written ' more out of ill-will than love of truth,' says Brucker; devoid of humour, and therefore not only did he misunderstand Erasmus, Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Temporum Suppulatio omnium illustrium Medi- corum, Francophurti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 160. Toscanus, Peplus Italia, 1578, p. 91, liber quartus cli. Beza, /cones, 1580, sig. Xj, no portrait. Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590, p. 202. Boissardus, /cones Virorum illustrium doctrina et eruditione prcestantium ad vivum effectce cum eorum Vitis descriptis, Francof. a. M., 1598, Pars iii. pp. 56-59. Anton. Possc\m\\s, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, i. p. 988. Maier, Symbola Aurees Mensa, 1617, p. 607 (Scaliger was an opponent of alchemy). Joh. Val. Andreaa, Mythologia Christiana, 1619, p. 36. Lipsius, Opera Omnia, 1637, ii. p. 87 [' Epistol- arum Centur. II. Miscellanea, No. xliv.'j & passim. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 322. loannes Imperialis, Museum historicum et phy- sicum, Venet., 1640, p. 63. Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d'huomini letterati, Venetia, 1647, i. p. 133. Lorenzo Crasso, Elogii d'huomini letterati, Venetia,' 1666, Parte Seconda, pp. 180-185; portrait. Thomasius, Dissertatio . . . de Plagio Lilerario, Lipsioe (1673), sig. Ff i verso, § 536, No. cxlii. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 721 (life and medico-scientific works). Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1243 ; portrait, plate 55. Moller, Homony mo-Scopia historico-philologico- critica, Hamburgi, 1697, p. 719, No. cxvi. Naudaana et Patiniana, 1703, p, p. 44. Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authornm, 1710, p. 600. Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, i. PP- 307-333- Mencken, Zwey Reden von der Charlatanerie oder Marktschreyerty der Gelehrten, Leipzig, 1716, pp. 16, 80, 94, 95. ture,' and was 'father worse. Of him Gui Patin says: 'Quand je Us la plupart des puvrages de Scaliger, je ne les entend point ; je baisse humble- ment la t£te en me souvenant de ce qu'a dit Martial: Non omnibus [lege cuicunque] datum est habere nasum.' Scaevola Sammarthanus (Sainte-Marthe), Elogia Gallorum, Isenaci, 1722, p. 53 (lib. i, No. xxvii.). Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 1726, ii. p. 208, No. Ixxxiv. (a very mixed account of his character). Joh. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica, Lipsiae, 1727, p. 384 (about the magnet). Mencken, De Charlataneria Eruditorum De- clamationes Duce, Amstel., 1727, pp. 21, 80, 91-92. Schelhorn, Amcenitates literarice, 1727, vi. p. 508 ; 1728, viii. p. 554. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. pp. 165-166 (unfavourable). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 139 (criticism of Fracostoro); 143 (criticism of Cardan) ; 705 (criticism of Galen). Niceron, Memoires, 1733, xxiii. pp. 258-278 (refers to this book on Cardan). Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen Historie, 1736, vii. pp. 86 (' attacked Cardan more out of ill-will than love of truth'), no (note about him and his book on Cardan). Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 1736, pp. 133, 135, 165, &c. , Zusatze, p. 62. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 751- Stolle, Kurze Nachricht von den Buchern und deren Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, Jena, 1740, Th. ix. pp. 34-35. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 294. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 511 (extravagant account of him). Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, I7S1- PP- 54, 83, 495, 676, 854. Jdcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 191. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldtcine, 1755, ii. p. 364 ; 1778, iv. pp. 194-196. Joh. G. W. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische Nach- richten von verstorbenen Gelehrten und deren Schriften, Cothen, 1757, III. i. p. 152, No. 2216. 326 SCALIGER—SCHADE SCALIGER (JULIUS C;ESAR). Continued. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 149. Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, i. p. 509. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, :. pp. 30, 36, 318. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 211. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1776, i. p. 81 ; 1777, ii. pp. 40, 314. Wiegleb, Histonsch-kntische untersuchung der Alchemie, Weimar, 1777, p. 296 (his dislike of practical alchemy). Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, p. 561. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 153. Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 1812, VII. iii. p. 794; VII. iv. pp. 1473-1479 (life and works). Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 54. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 109. (Article by Desgenettes, who would not repeat his epitaph as given by Eloy, it was in such bad taste ; list of his works.) Biographic Universelk, 1825, xli. p. 14 ; no date, xxxviii. p. 494 (article by Weiss ; ' his life by his son is little more than a tissue of fables'). Giuseppe Vedova, Biografia degli Scrittori Pado- vani, Padova, 1836, ii. pp. 240-248. Poggendorff, Historisch-literarisches Handwor- terbuch, 1863, ii. col. 765. Nouvelle Biographic Gendrale, 1864, xliii. col. 446. J. Victor Cams, Geschichte der Zoologie, Miin- chen, 1872, p. 318 ( 'Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland, Zwblfter Band '). Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- cales, 3eme S6rie, 1879, v»- P- X92- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 196. SCEP. Tscep vol wonders. Without place, date, and printer's name. Small folio. Sheet i, f. i, without sig. recto: the title forms the top line; the rest of the page is occupied by a large woodcut of a ship. At the foot of the main- mast is a furnace with a still, and a man beside it holding up a receiver or flask. At the stern is another man with a quadrant. Verso : Coat of arms, surmounted by a coronet and circled by the collar of the Golden Fleece. The whole is enclosed with a woodcut border in compartments containing grotesques of human figures and animals, hunting scenes, etc. f. a, with sig. ij : Hier beghint die tafel des boecks, which ends on f. iv. recto, middle of column b. f. iv. verso is occupied with a woodcut representing the Creator taking Eve out of Adam's side. The whole is enclosed in the woodcut border already mentioned. F. 5. with signature a : C Prologhe || Inden naim des heeren die om on | fe falicheyt fijn ghebenedide dier-|baer bloet gheftort ende die bitter dootjaen der ghal- ghen des cruycen gheftorjuen heeft Soe begint hier een feer fcoo|boeck gheheeten (Tfcep vol wonders) | a in 6 with 6 woodcuts. f in 4 with 6 woodcuts. b in 4 with 3 woodcuts. g in 4 with 6 woodcuts. c in 6 with 7 woodcuts. h in 4. d in 4 with i woodcut. i k 1 all in 4. e in 6 with i woodcut. The text ends on 1 iiij recto, foot of col. b. 1 iv -verso contains a woodcut representing a knight with vizor down holding up a shield, having his right arm thrown across his body and grasping a sword in his hand, apparently wading through water up to his middle, with a great fish on his right ; above there is a scroll with the motto : Ick lafs ghedincken. The whole is enclosed in the afore-mentioned border. The woodcuts in the text represent the gods of the planets, the signs of the Zodiac, &c. Black letter, double columns, 41-42 lines, 54 leaves, not numbered. The book was printed early in the sixteenth century. It is a treatise on astrological physic, and contains sections on the temperaments of man under the planets, the planets and their influences, diseases, and the preparation and properties of the quintessence. The book seems to be unknown, as I have not found it mentioned anywhere. There is a copy in the British Museum. SCEPTICAL (THE) CHYMIST. See BOYLE (ROBERT), 1680. SCHADE (GEORG). Die unwandelbare und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher und so genannten Adepten oder geometrischer Beweis, dafs die Metaphysic die SCHADE-SCHALLERUS 327 SCHADE (GEORG). Continued. wahre theoretische, und die Moral die wahre practische Gottesgelahrheit sey, bestehend in einigen freyen Anmerkungen und Erinnerungen iiber das in dem ersten, zweyten, und dem Vorbereitungstheile zum dritten Stiicke der hohern Weltweisheit enthaltene System der allgemeinen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und deren Einrichtung und Plan zur griind- lichen Ueberfuhrung aller seichtdenkenden und kohlerglaubigen Deisten und Naturalisten, aufgesetzt von einem Liebhaber der Wahrheit an seinen Freund. Berlin und Leipzig, 1760. 8°. Pp. 30 [2] 88 [4] 16. Followed by Rosenstand-Goisce's Widerlegung of the pre- ceding, edited by Georg Schade, Altona, q.v. Georg Schade, who wrote the following, is obviously the same person as the above : Historische Nachricht von dem Anfange, Wachsthum, Hinder- nissen und nunmehrigen Fortgange und Nutzen der zur Ausbesserung der hohern Natur- und Geisterlehre vor einiger Zeit errichteten allgemeinen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und Tugend bis auf das Jahr 1757 wobey angefuget ist der erste Plan der Gesellschaft mit seinen Anhangen wie auch die neue Einrichtung derselben auf Befehl der Herren Vorsteher der Gesellschaft ans Licht gestel- let durch Georg Schade Ober- und Landgerichts- Advocat in den Herzogthiimern Schleswig-Holstein, auch erster und bestandiger Secretar der Gesell- schaft. 4°, pp. Ixviii, 192, with Supplements. The preface is dated Altona, den i3ten Junii 1757. He tells us that his student years were passed at Kiel, Utrecht and Leyden, and that he devoted himself to law as his profession, but paid much attention to mathematics and the newer philosophy, and studied and applied Newton's principles to the understanding of physics and chemistry, in other words to the construction of a molecular system. He wrote an essay on the nature of the elements in 1736, but becoming secretary of Hofrath Jesse, Amis-Inspector of Duke Christian Augustus, at Sonderburg, and being engaged in legal practice more and more, he dropped the pursuit of science. In 1741 he had a large practice at Hadersleben, but at leisure intervals he returned to his former studies, which he found to be a pleasant relaxation. So in March, 1747, he hunted up his old disserta- tion on the elements, and being persuaded that something was to be made out of metaphysical conceptions in physics, he sent it to some friends who were skilled in physics, chemistry and medi- cine. But at this time the Berlin Academy proposed as a prize question the subject of the Leibnitzian Monads, and he sent his essay to the Academy on the 29 March, 1747. But their conditions not being satisfactory he sent another copy to the Danish Academy of Sciences and it was criticised by Pro- fessor Krafft. The criticisms and investigations which ensued led ultimately to the establishment of the Society of which a detailed account is given. There are some interesting references to the chem- istry of the time, and he gives (p. 139) a translation of the Smaragdine Table. SCHAEFER (GOTTFRIED HEINRICH). See SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM), Opuscula, 1788. SCHALLERUS (WOLFGANGUS). Problematum medicorum decas, Controversas aliquot qusestiones ad cordis et ventriculi affectiones cognoscendas & curandas pertinentes determinans. Problematum Medicorum . . . decades priores See HORST (GREGORIUS), quinque, 1608. He belonged to Freiberg in Misnia, took the degree of doctor of medicine at Wittenberg, 14 July, 1612, and taught medicine in the University there. He was twice elected Rector, in 1619 and 1625. No information is forthcoming as to the date of his birth or death or whether or not he was connected with Jerome Schaller. Lipenius, Bibliotheca Realis Medica, 1679, P- 56 b. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, p. 880. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 483. He wrote various tracts : Brevis et generalis infimi ventris contemplatio, Witteberg., 1620, 4°; De Nephritide, Witteberg., 1621, 4°; DeArthritide, 1622, 4°; De Viribus imaginations, Witteberg., 1624, 4°, mentioned by Lipenius and von Haller. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 345. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirvrgica, 1774, i. p. 309. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii. p. 481. Eloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Mtdccine, 1778, iv. p. 200, 328 SCHARF—SCHA TZKA MMER SCHARF (JOHANN). Johannis Scharfi, D. & Professoris Witteberg public!, Senioris & Praepositi, Manuale Physicum. Ordine consveto Aristotelico conscriptum & ex antiquissimis Scriptoribus constructum. Editio altera auctior. Lipsise, Impensis Hsered. Thomae Schiir, & Math. Gotzii. Anno LVII. Ex Officina Bauchiana. 12°. Pp. [24] 424 [4, 4 blank]. Title red and black. Johann Scharf, or Scharff, was born at Kroppen- He founded a bursary of 500 gulden for poor stadt near Halberstadt, 18 (13) June, 1595, studied students and died 6 (7) January, 1660, leaving at Wittenberg and became professor of philosophy behind him a number of works on physics, philo- there in 1627, was afterwards created doctor of sophy, logic and theology, theology, and in 1649 professor of that subject. » Freher, Theairum virorum eruditione clarorum, Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 932. 1688, p. 617. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Henningus Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, col. 222. sig. Ooo 3 recto, 7 Jan. , 1660. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxx. p. Witte, Memories theologorum, 1684, iii. p. 1360. 587 (and references). SCHARLAU (GUSTAV WILHELM). [Die Magie und Alchemic des Alterthums und Mittelalters. Von Dr. G. W. Scharlau in Stettin.] No place or date. No title-page. 8°. Pp. 641-674. Extracted from vol. iv. of some encyclopaedia or history, of which this is a chapter from a section called ' Naturphilosophie.' Scharlau, a distinguished German physician, was He settled at Stettin, directed a hydropathic insti- born 29 April, 1809, at Pasewalk, in Pomerania, tution in the neighbourhood, and practised medicine first studied pharmacy and practised it for some there till his death on 24 April, 1861. He was the years at Neu-Strelitz, as a pharmacist of the first author of a number of important works on medicine class, then took up medicine about 1833 and re- and pharmacy, translated others from French and ceived the diploma of doctor at Leipzig in 1836. English, and contributed papers to the journals. Adolph C. P. Callisen, Medicinisches Schrift- Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- steller-Lexicon, 1833, xvii. p. 92 ; xxxii. p. 130. cales, 3eme SeYie, 1879, vii. p. 417. Wilhelm Engelmann, Bibliotheca Medico-Chir. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- iirgica et Anatomico-Physiologica, 1848, p. 501 ; genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. Supplement-Heft, 1868, p. 220. p. 205. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 633. luorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 773. SCHATZKAMMER rarer und neuer Curiositaten, in den aller-wunderbahresten Wiirckungen der Natur und Kunst, darinnen allerhand seltzame und un- gemeine Geheimniisse, bewehrte Artzneyen, Wissenschafften und Kunst- Stiicke zu finden dessen Inhalt auff folgendem Blat zu sehen ist. Ein Werck, so jedermanniglich, wes Standes, Geschlechtes und Alter er ist, niitzlich und ergetzlich seyn wird. Der Dritte Druck, jetzo mit dem dritten Theil von vielen Chymischen Experimenten und anderen Kiinsten vermehret, Deme angehenget ist ein Tractat, Naturgemasser Beschreibung der Coffee, Thee, Chocolate, Tabacks, und dergleichen Mit Chur-Sachsischer Gna'd. Befreyung nicht nachzudrucken. Hamburg, Auff Gottfried Schultzens Kosten, 1689. 8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 592 [24]. Wants pp. 47-50, and 389-390. SCHA TZ—SCHA UBER T 329 [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer.] Pp. 3-701 [i blank]. Wants the title-page and the symbolic plate, p. 415. 8°. Compare Tancke's Promptuarium, Eroffnete Ge- heimnisse des Steins der Weisen, and Trissmosinus' Aureum Vellus. With p. 414 compare p. 19 of 1-7. Splendor Solis, mil seinen Figuren darinn alle Anzeigung von dem Lapide Philosophorum beschrieben wird, Der wird in sieben Theil getheilt, p. 8. 8. Spiegel der Alchimey Vlrici Poyselij, p. 86. 9. Clauis der Chymischen Handgriffezuerlernen, p. 124. 10. Allerley Particularia die Handgriffe zuerler- nen, p. 145. 11. Tinctur oder Elixir eines vnbekandten Philo- sophi, p. 178. 12. Processus pro tinctura auff den Mercurium Solis vnd Lunae, p. 195 ; Modus procedendi in prasparatione lapidis Philosophic!, p. 200. 13. Dialogus Philosophiae, p. 238. 14. Exemplum artis Philosophiae. Ein Exem- plum der Philpsophen Kunst, p. 254. 15. De Lapide Philosophorum, XII. Cap. , p. 261. 16. Ein philosophisch Werck vnnd Gesprech von dem Gelben und Roten Man. Melchioris Cardinalis et Episcopi Brixiensis, p. 299 ; Von dem Rebis einem Stein, p. 334. 17. Varia Philosophica, p. 338 : Ein schb'nes Gedicht, p. 346 ; Ein Gesprech, p. 351 ; Ein Gedicht, p. 357 ; De Oleo Philosophorum, p. 359 ; Vera praeparatio Mercurij, p. 360 ; Ein ander Tractatus vom Saltz der Weisen, p. 361 ; Novum Testamentum, p. 368 ; Von dem Philosophischen Glauber's ' Teutschlandes Theil,1 1660. Wohlfahrt, funffter Bley, p. 371 ; Avicennae Septem Regulce, p. 374 ; Tabula des grb'ssern Wissens, p. 376. 18. Tractatus de Quinta Essentia Vini, p. 378. 19. Tabula Schmaragdina (sic) Hermetis Tris- megisti, p. 413. iqa. Aufslegung und Erklarung des Gemahls oder Figur (in verse, wants the symbolic figure), (PP. 4i5-)4*6. 20. Propositiones oder Satzungen der Goldkunst, p. 427. 21. Turba Philosophorum in PhilosophiaSecunda, Called in the text : Philosophi der Goldkunst, so man Chemian nennet, p. 435. 22. Ein vortremicherTractatvonderwarhafftigen Composition des Lapidis Philosophorum, Theorice & Physice gantz lustig beschrieben. Rogeri Bach- onis de Sole, p. 546. [220]. Die Practick oder Procefs Rogerij Bachonis de Sole, p. 566. 23. Fratris Basilij Valentini Benedicter Ordens, Von dem grossen Stein der Vhralten, p. 610. 24. Zwolff Schlussel Fratris Basilij Valentini Benedicter Ordens, dadurch die Thiiren zu dem Vralten Stein vnser Vorfahren eroffnet, vnd der vnerforschliche Brunnen aller Gesundheit gefunden wird, p. 641. [240]. De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic! (in verse), p. 700. SCHATZ der Welt. See THESAURUS Mundi. SCHAUBERT (JOHANN). Consummata Sapientia, seu Philosophia Sacra, Praxis de Lapide Minerali, Johannis de Padua. Epistola Johannis Trithemii, Von den dreyen Anfangen aller natiirlichen Kunst der Philosophise. Epistola Johann. Teutzschescheni, De Lapide Philosophorum. Vor niemals in Truck gangen, jtzo aber an Tag gegeben durch Johann. Schauberdt, Chimicum. Francofurti, Anno M DC LXXXI. 12°. Pp. 282 [6 blank]. Johannes de Padua, p. 31 ; Johannes Trithemius, p. 231 ; Johann Teutzscheschen, p. 256. [Another Copy.] If what Jocher says be correct — that ' Schauberdt ' was a physician and surgeon living in Magdeburg about 1602 — it will be necessary to interpret not too literally the phrase on the title-page that this work was not published before the present edition. To Schauberdt Jocher ascribes also a translation of the ' Voarchadumia ' ; a " pseudonymous author's " Bericht von dem Fundament derhohen Kunst wider die falschen und untreuen Alchymisten ; de auro et luna potabili ; Jon. Garlandi alias Hortulani Ex- plicatio Tabellae Smaragdinae Hermetis Trisme- gisti, &c. He does not give the dates of these publications, but, according to the Beytrag the translation of the ' Voarchadumia ' appeared at Magdeburg, 1600, 8°, and Gmelin, followed by Schmieder, quotes an edition of Madgeburg, 1608, 8°. The title, however, of the ' Voarchadumia ' as given by these authorities does not quite tally with Jochcr's, either in spelling or in form, and it looks as if either he had made one title into two, or as if they had run two into one. For in the Beytrag the title of Schaubert's book is as follows : Anonymi 330 SCHAUBERT—SCHEELE SCHAUBERT (JOHANN). Continued. Bericht von dem Fundament der hohen Kunst that sort. So, either there must have been an Vorarchadumiae (sic), wider die falschen und earlier edition of which this is an exact copy, even untreuen Alchimisten, de auro et luna potabili ; to the phrase on the title-page, or, if it be the first Garlandi Tabellae Smaragdinae Hermetis Tris- issue of the book, the phrase on the title-page of megisti explicatio, herausgegeben von Johann the MS. was left unaltered, and the book appeared Schaubert, Madgeburg, 1600, 8°. The author very posthumously. Now in Lenpolds Prodromus there naturally says he does not know why the ' Vor- is the following entry : Joh. Schaubert de lapicle archadumia ' (sic) of Pantheus should be ascribed mineral!, Nor. , 1676. Although not quite so full to an anonymous author. The same title is given and exact as one could wish, this certainly looks by Gmelin and by Schmieder. As I have not seen like an earlier edition of the present work. If it this translation I am unable to say which is the be so, then this may be the edition, the title-page correct version, but it looks as if in this second of which has been copied ; but, whether or not, version the word Voarchadumia had been thrust there are obvious discrepancies between the date of into the title of an anonymous tract, which may the author and that of his book, perhaps explain the puzzle presented to the author Schaubert is credited by Schmieder with a trans- of the Beytrag. lation of Trithemius' work De tribus primordiis But if Schaubert was living in 1602 and writing artis physicae, Magdeburg, 1602, 4° ; Frankfurt a. books at that time, even if he did begin very young, M., 1681, 12°. he must have lived to a great age, at least to a All that Zedler says is that Johann Schaubert century, if the present work was first brought out wrote a tract De lapide minerali, which saw the by him in 1681. There is no proof of anything of light at Franckfurt, 1684, 12°. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 208. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 46. der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 78, 97. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 294, 1732, p. 125. (' Vorarchadumia'), 558 (Rosicrucians). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 998. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. 238, 352. col. 227. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 117. Secretes, 1870, No. 1075. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220. P- 584- SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM). Chemical Observations and Experiments on Air and Fire. By Charles-William Scheele, Member of the Royal Academy at Stockholm; With a Prefatory Introduction, By Torbern Bergman ; Translated from the German by J. R. Forster, LL.D. F.R.S. and S.A. Member of several Learned Societies and Academies in Europe. To which are added Notes, by Richard Kirwan, Esq. F.R.S. with a letter to him from Joseph Priestley, L.L.D. F.R.S. London : Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church- Yard. M DCC LXXX. 8°. Pp. xl, 259 [i adv.]. Plate. Caroli Guil. Scheele Pharmacopoei nuper Kopingensis, Academiarum et Societatum Reg. Scientiarum Holmiensis et Taurinensis, Elector. Moguntinae Erfordensis, Naturae Scrutatorum Berol. Sodalis Opuscula Chemica et Physica. Latine Vertit Godofredus Henric. Schaefer Lipsiensis. Vol. I. Edidit et Praefatus est D. Ernestus Beniam. Gottl. Hebenstreit in Acad. Lips. Med. P. P. E. Societt. Oecon. Lips, et Nat. Scrutat. Halens. Sodalis. Societatt. Regg. Scientt. Getting, et Agricult. Paris. Corresp. Cum Privilegio S. Pr. Electoris Saxoniae. Lipsiae. In Officina libr. lo. Godofr. Miilleriana. MDCCLXXXVIII. 8°. Vol. i. pp. [8] 284. Vol. ii. MDCCLXXXIX. pp. [6] 284. Index [22]. Wiederlegung der Meinung dafs das reine Wasser in Erde verwandelt werden konne. See ALLGKMEIN ntitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 181. SCHEELE 33i SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM). Continued. Scheele's papers were published in the Trans- actions of the Swedish Academy, and in Crell's Neue Entdeckungen and Annalen. Lists are given by Fuehs, Reuss and Poggendorff, and there are references to the originals in Hebenstreit's col- lected edition above. Hermbstadt's German translation of the works appeared at Berlin, 1793. There was a facsimile reprint at Berlin, 1891, 2 vols. , 8°. Beddoes' translation into English of the Essays was published at London, 1786, 8°. The French translation came out at Paris, 1785-88, 2 vpls., 8°. The treatise on Air and Fire appeared in Ger- man, with a preface by T. Bergman, Upsala & Leipzig, 1777, 8°; ad. edit, by J. G. Leonhardi, Leipzig, 1782, 8° ; English, by J. R. Forster, London, 1780, 8°, as above; French, by Ph. F. v. Dieterich, Paris, 1781, 8°. His letters have been edited by Nordenskiold in Swedish and in German. Carl Wilhelm Scheele was born at Stralsund, 9 Dec., 1742, and, after a few years spent at school, he was apprenticed, at the age of fourteen, to an apothecary in Gothenburg, called Martin Anders Bauch. He stayed with him till the age of twenty-two, and though exhibiting no remarkable talent he was diligent and punctual in his work and a close student of theoretical and practical chemistry. In 1765, when Bauch disposed of his business, Scheele went to Malmo to another phar- macist, Peter Magnus Kjellstrbm, and here he continued his chemical studies. Three years later he removed to Stockholm, where he completed and described his first important research, which was on tartaric acid. He sent it to Bergman, who unfortunately overlooked it, though it subsequently Vicq d ' Azyr, ' Eloge de Scheele,' in the Mtmoires de la Sociitl royale de Mtdecine, 1785. Crell, Annalen der Chemie, 1787, i. pp. 175-192 ; CrelFs Chemical Journal, London, 1791, i. pp. 1-23. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 413, § 317. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 256- 261, 401-403. J. D. Reuss, Rtpertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 12, 42, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 71, 89, 102, 103, 107, 129, 174, 184. Chaudon et Celandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique, 1804, xi. p. 169. Vicq d'Azyr, Oeuvres, 1805, 'ii. p. 19 (Eloge de Scheele). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratitr, 1806-08, pp. 382, 393, 413, 431, 434, 459, 475, 479, S°4, 531- Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriflsteller, 1812, xii. pp. 102-106 (and references). Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 59. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 124. Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 90 ; no date, xxxviu. p. 260. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. p. 38. Thomas Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1831, ii. pp. 54-74. J. F. Sacklen, Sveriges Apotekare-Historia i/rSn Konung Gustav I. till narvarand Tid, Nykoping, 1833. Dumas, Lecons de Philosophie chimique (1836), &87 ; 1874, p. 95 ; Rammelsberg's German trans- tion, 1839, p. 77. came into Retzius' possession, by whom it was published in the Stockholm Transactions in 1770. That same year he got a post in :i pharmacy at Upsala belonging to Lokk. He attended Berg- man's lectures, and made the acquaintance of Gahn, who introduced him to Bergman. Not forgetful of the fate of his first paper Scheele hesitated at first to meet him, but having finally consented he found an excellent friend in Berg- man, and their intimacy continued unbroken till Bergman's death, and was of the greatest value to Scheele. While at Upsala one of his most fruitful investi- gations, that upon manganese, was published, but not having sufficient freedom to pursue his re- searches he went in 1775 to Kbping to manage a pharmacy, which had become vacant by the death of the proprietor. He found the place in debt and the business a poor one, but by prudent manage- ment and hard work he got it into order, and in a couple of years was in the position to purchase it. Having passed the necessary examinations he was registered as a pharmacist in 1777. The remaining years of his life were spent in the routine work of his shop and in chemical research. The latter was a passion with him, and the deprivations to which he had subjected himself all along in order to gratify it no doubt brought on the troubles which shortened his life. He died 21 May, 1786, at the age of forty-three. Scheele was an experimental genius ; he made more discoveries of first-rate importance with fewer opportunities and scantier appliances than any one else, and his skill, insight and power of illuminating experimental results have never been surpassed, if, indeed, they have ever been equalled. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 457- 479 ; 1869, ii. pp. 450-472. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 255-264 <5r" passim. Biographiskt Lexicon ofyer Namnkunnige Sven- ska Man, Upsala, 1847, xiii. p. 368 (and references). Eisenach, 'C. W. Scheele, seine Lehre und sein Einfluss auf die Ausbildung der Chemie,' Programm d. Realgymnas. zu Gotha, 1850. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 669. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 776. Paul-Antoine Cap, Etudes Biographiqnes, 2eme Serie, 1864, p. 233. Nouvelle Biographie GttUrale, 1864, xliii. cols. 491-495 (article by P. P. Deherain). Houfer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 171-196. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der neueren Z«'/, Mlinchen, 1873, pp. 75-83, 90, 96- 100, &c., &c. , &c. Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeVie, 1879, vii. p. 420. Per Theodor Cleve, Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett Minnesblad pit Hundrade Arsdagen af hans Ddd, Koping, Stockholm printed, 1886, 8°, pp. 54, in- cluding his portrait, monument and statue ; wood- cuts in the text ; facsimile of his writing. Encyclopedia Britannica, 9th edition, 1886, xxi. C. 387. (Article by Ferguson. The date of his irth here given, 19 Dec., 1742, was taken from Crell.) Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 210. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 638. Carl Wilhelm Scheele Efterlemnade Bref och 332 SCHEELE—SCHENCK SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM). Continued. Anteckningar utgifna af A. E. Nordenskiold, gen, edited by A. E. Nordenskiold, Stockholm, Stockholm, 1892, 8°, pp. xl, 490 [i, i blank]. 1892, 8°. Frontispiece of Scheele's statue ; at the end : chemi- Carl Wilhelm Scheele Pharmacist and Chemist, cal signs used by Scheele, facsimile of a letter to A brief account of his life and work, MDCCXLII- Retzius, two facsimiles of laboratory notes ; in the MDCCLXXXVI. Reprinted from the Pharma- text : medal of Scheele, picture of his shop and ceutical Journal, Jan. 14, 1893, 8°, pp. 24; portrait chemical apparatus. The introduction contains his and memorial medal extra ; woodcuts in the text. life, and there is a short list of biographies at the ( The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions, end, pp. xxxix-xl. No. 1177, Jan. 14, 1893, pp. 568-572). Scheele, Nachgelassene Brief e und Aufzeichnun- Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894, PP- SCHEIDUNG (Von der) der vier Elementen aus dem ersten Chaos. See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). SCHEMA. See GANTZE (Das) Schema oder Figur. SCHENCK ( ). Ein schon Stuck von Doctor Schenken. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die guldene Arch, Schatz vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, part ii. p. 270. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 563. SCHENCK (JOHANN GEORG). Lithogenesia sive de Microcosm! Membris Petrefactis : et de Calculis eidem Microcosmo per varias Matrices innatis : Pathologia Historica, per Theorian & Autopsian demonstrata. Accessit Analogicum Argumentum ex Macro- cosmo de Calculis Brutorum Corporib. Innatis. Quibus Concretio portentosa ex Panspermio semine viscoso & bolari per salis spiritum coagulate, illustratur: Cui deinceps Dissolutionis secunda Pars & germana soror adsociabitur. Auctore loanne Georgio Schenckio a Grafenberg, Philiatro : Hagenoensium Alsatiae Poliatro. Francofurti, Ex officina Typographica Matthise Beckeri, Sumptibus Viduae Theodori de Bry, & duorum ejus filiorum. M. DC. VIII. 4°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 69 [i blank] [7, 3 blank]. Vignette. 15 woodcuts. 6 engravings. Johann Georg Schenck of Grafenberg, son of opinion Blondeau remarks that it is just the fables Johann Schenck, was born at Freiburg in Breisgau, which will be amusing to most readers. That is in the second half of the sixteenth century. He true : if the book be read with caution and criticism was Stadt-physikus at Hagenau in Alsace, and the illusion will be shattered, so that it had better practised medicine with success, but he nevertheless not be read at all. It is a work of imagination, and found time to write and edit some books on medi- not a treatise on natural history. cine and botany : Exotericorum experimentorum ad varies morbos De formandis medicinse studiis et schola medica centuriae vii. , Francof., 1607, 8°. constituenda Enchiridion, Strasburg, 1607, 12°. Hortus Patavinus, Francof., 1608. Monstrorum historia memorabilis, Francof., 1609, Biblia latrica seu Bibliotheca Medica, Francof., 4°. 1609, 8°. One of his chief works, which is still of ' This book is filled with fables, and it must be use. accepted with reserve and criticism.' Upon this He died at Hagenau in 1620. Adami, Vitee Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, PP- 357-359- I73i, II- >>• P- *88. Van der Linden, De Serif tis Medicis libri duo, Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 1637, p. 272. Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 117, 283. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 589. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Valentinus Henricus Voglerus, Introductio uni- p. 759. versa/is in notitiam . . . honor um Scriptorum, 1691, Boerhnave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Ilaller, Cap. 8, p. 50. 1751, pp. 176, 386, 596, 597, 731, 874, 968. SCHENCK—SCHERER 333 SCHENCK (JOHANN GEORG). Continued. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 251. Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomic et dc la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 306. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 296, 569- Haller, Bibliotkeca Anatoimca, 1774, i. p. 319 (Wunderbuch, Frankf. , 1610, 4°; in Latin, 1609, 4°) : 1777, »• P- 75°- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 284 ; J775> >'• P- 692- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1776, i. PP- 397. 519 I 1777, ii- P- 388. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me"decine, 1778, iv. p. 209. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 569. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 135. Biographic Universelle, 1847, Supplement, Ixxxi. p. 277 (by Blondeau) ; no date, xxxviii. p. 283. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. p. 282. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- calcs, seme S£rie, 1879, vii. p. 430. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 215. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxxi. p. 51 (note by Pagel). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 644. SCHERER (ALEXANDER NICOLAUS VON). Versuch einer popularen Chemie. Entworfen von Alexander Nicolaus Scherer, Doktor der Philosophic, Privatlehrer der Chemie zu Jena, Mitgliede der russisch-kaiserlichen freyen okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Petersburg und Sekretair der naturforschenden zu Jena. Miihlhausen, bey Friedrich Banner, 1795. 8°. Pp. x [6] 381 [3, 2 blank]. Alexander Nicolaus von Scherer was born at St. Petersburg, 30 Dec., 1771 (old style). From an early age he endured many hardships, but in his twelfth year he went to an uncle at Riga, who, with a father's care, superintended his upbringing and education. After finishing his schooling at the Domschule there with distinction, he got a stipend or bursary, and went to Jena at the age of eighteen. He began with theology, but soon drifted off into natural science, which had a great fascination for him, and he attended the courses of Gottling and Voigt, and graduated D.Phil, at Jena in 1794. He devoted himself to teaching, founded the Natur- forschende Gesellschaft of Jena, and was recom- mended by Voigt and by Goethe, who was well pleased with his zeal and energy to the Grand Duke of Weimar. At his expense Scherer made a journey to England and Scotland to perfect himself in chemistry and technology, and on his return began public courses at Weimar — for there was no opening for him at Jena — on chemistry, and there, in the large hall of the Gymnasium, before a dis- tinguished audience, exhibited all kinds of experi- ments. For convenience he published at Jena in 1796 a tabular view of the new chemistry and a more detailed guide to it. He did not remain any length of time there, but the duke conferred on him the title of Bergrath. He was much occupied with literary work, editing a chemical journal and producing text-books, rather than with practical chemistry. The journal was entitled : Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, 1798-1803, 10 vols. , 8°, and it was continued by Gehlen in the Neues Allgemeine Journal der Chemie, 1803-1806, 6 vols., and the Journal fur Chemie, Physik, und Mineralogie, 1806-1810, 9 vols. In 1800 he was appointed ordinary professor of physics at Halle, and published, by Cotta at Tubingen, his ' Grundriss der Chemie z\\ Vor- lesungen,' which contains a very clear account of the antiphlogistic system. Getting tired, however, of the monotony of lecturing and the restriction of the science to professorial work, he accepted the managership of the great stone-ware factory of Baron v. Eckartstein at Potsdam, from which for the next two or three years through Scherer's many- sided energy great works were turned out. In 1803 he removed to Dorpat as professor of chemistry with the rank of Russian Hofrath, but the year following exchanged this post for the professorship in the Medico-Chirurgical Academy at St. Petersburg. Here he was held in great esteem, he was made councillor of state, had the orders of St. Vladimir of the fourth class, and of St. Anne, of the second class, conferred on him, was a member of the academy in 1815 (with a salary), and held other offices, besides being a member of many learned and scientific societies in Europe. In winter he gave lectures on chemistry and physics which were well attended. He edited various journals : Archiv fiir die theoretische Chemie ; Nordische Blatter fur die Chemie ; All- gemeine Nordische Annalen der Chemie, and others ; founded the Pharmaceutical Society of St. Petersburg, of which he remained president to the end, and to the Codex Medicamentarius Europaeus contributed an elaborate account of the compilers of the Pharmacopoeias. As will be seen he must have been a man of great activity, and Merkel remarks how much he was struck by his energy and vivacity. But, as these qualities are apt to run into vehemence and aggres- siveness, Scherer did not want for enemies, and he lost thereby offices and emoluments. He was specially disappointed that he did not obtain the commission to investigate and report on the mineral waters of the Caucasus after he had been appointed to it, and that one of his own pupils, Neljulin, was sent instead. On account of ill health he was obliged to resign his post in the Medico-chirurgical Academy, and this vacancy was also filled by Nel- julin on his return. Scherer died 28 Oct., 1824, at St. Petersburg, of inflammation of the liver. Schmidt summarises his work in these words : ' He had learned much, but established little, be- 334 SCHERER- SCHE UNEMANN SCHERER (ALEXANDER NICOLAUS VON). Continued. cause he was lacking in steadiness and perseverance; he knew the ideal of the science, but never ap- proached it, because so many things attracted him into bypaths ; he had laboured, fought, wrestled with wind and wave, but never came into port, and he found rest only at his death.' In the short notices of his contemporaries Merkel devotes a paragraph to Scherer. He says Scherer had raised himself from crushing poverty by dogged perseverance and determination, and at the age of 23 had acquired the degree of Ph. D. at Jena) and published ' Versuch einer popularen Chemie ' and ' Grundziige der neuen chemischen Theorie,' which were well received, and gave lectures which proved so attractive that some college trouble was raised by his old teacher, who found himself outstripped in some respects. A couple of years later Scherer was able, by having his expenses defrayed for him, to visit England in order to extend his knowledge for the benefit of manufactures and mining in his own country. In Riga Merkel had seen Scherer once or twice, but in Jena he saw more of him, and was pleased with his careful preparation for his lectures and his experiments, which attracted the attention even of Alexander von Humboldt. Later on he became better acquainted with him at Weimar, and they afterwards went together on a pedestrian excursion to the Brocken. In 1824, when Merkel heard of Scherer' s death, he was amused to see a quotation from his own semi-romance: 'Eine Reisegeschichte,' inserted in Scherer's obituary as a contribution to his biography. The quotation is a bit of romantic fiction, like all the little adventures in the book, and has nothing to do with Scherer, except that by previous arrangement they met at Wernigerode to wander in the Harz, and that Scherer went from there to England. Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1798, vii. p. 104 ; 1803, x. p. 567 ; 1805, xi. p. 664 ; 1811, xv. p. 291 ; 1825, xx. p. 91. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 289, 309, 320, 346, 353, 356, 542, 543, 630, 658, 668. Friedrich August Schmidt, Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen, Zweiter Jahrgang, 1824, Ilmenau, 1826, pp. 1208-11. v. Recke und Napiersky, Allgemeines Schrift- steller- und Gelehrten-Lexikon der Provinzen Liv- land, Esthland und Kurland, Mitau, 1832, iv. pp. 53-57 (and references). G. Merkel, Darstellungen und Charakteristiken aus meinem Leben, Leipzig, Riga und Mitau, 1839- 40, ii. pp. 144-147- Dictionnaire Encyclope"dique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, seme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 434. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxxi. pp. 99-102 (by L. Stieda). SCHEUNEMANN (HENNING). Spagyrische Geheimniisse. See TENTZEL (ANDREAS), Chymisch-Spagirische Artzney-Kunst, 1736. Scheunemann lived at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century, and was a physician at Halberstadt, at Bamberg, and at Aschersleben, according to different authorities. He is called a Rosicrucian, and was an admirer of Paracelsus to such an extent that he believed he had received his principles by divine revelation. He wrote various books in illustration of Para- celsus' doctrines, though he himself diverges from them in many respects. An exposition of his notions, in which he had some followers, is given by Gustav Brunei. ' Fanaticus homo et Paracelsicus,' says Haller. Sennertus, De Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Liber, Wittebergae, 1629, pp. 34, 283-296, 316 ; 1655, ibid. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 194. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 208. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 390. Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu Dissertationes, Traj. ad Rh. , 1723, Dissertatio xx. , pp. 410-412. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 199. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 760. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 294. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, I7SI- P- 597- Among his works are the following : Medicina reformata. Sen Denarius Hermeticus Philosophicus Medico-Chymicus ... In quo . . . docetur, decem entibus omnium morborum radices, productiones, transplantationes, astra, signa, indi- cationes & curationes complen & absolui. 1617. Francofurti, Typis & Impensis loannis Bringeri, 8°, pp. 122 [2, 4 blank]. Paracelsia de Morbo Mercuriali contagioso . . . Babenbergre, 1608, 4°. Paracelsia de Morbo Sulphureo Cagastrico, Francof., 1610, 8°. Hydromantia Paracelsica, Francof., 1613, 4°. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 260. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 403. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 519, 568. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. pp. 531-533. Biographie Universelle, 1847, Supplement, Ixxxi. p. 278 ; no date, xxxviii. p. 293 (article by Gustave Brunei). Morwilz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 279 ; 1849, ii. p. 168. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1640. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 649. SCffLEERN— SCHLOSSER 335 SCHLEERN (HERMANN). Solutiones Chemicae Hermann! Schleern, Lycopolitani Hessi Philosophise, qu§ proprie nominatur, Studiosi. Contra Conradi Schuleri, de Lapide seu Auro, quod dicitur, Philosophorum editas ante hac chartas ; praesertim plumbi sectatoribus oppositas. Ars vera in cognitione (influentiae) Solis & Lunae. Marpurgi Cattorum, Ex officina Rodolphi Hutvvelckeri, Anno MDCXII. 8°- PP- 55 [i blank]. This author is quoted by Van der Linden and his Gmelin. Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Schlern. See successors, but Borel has somehow altered his name the note under Conrad SCHULEK. to Schleron, and this error has been copied by Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scrip torum Mtdicorum, 1637, p. 201. 1731. II. ». P- 200. Borel, Bibliotheca CAimita, 1654, p. 208. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 410. Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 295. Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemie, 1797, i. p. 514. SCHLITTE (CARL GOTTLIEB). Quaestio an Alchimistae sint in Republica tolerandi ? See BUDDEUS (JOHANN FRANZ), 1702. SCHLOSSER (JOHANNES ALBERTUS). Specimen Chemico Medicum Inaugurate de Sale Urinae Humanae Native. Quam, Annuente Deo Ter Opt. Max. ex Auctoritate Magnifici Rectoris, D. Andreae Weis, Philosophiae et Juris Utriusque Doctoris, nee non Juris Publici et Privati in Academia Lugduno-Batava Professoris Ordinarii, nee non Amplissimi Senatus Academici Consensu, & Nobilissimae Facultatis Medicae Decreto, pro Gradu Doctoratus, Summisque in Medicina Honoribus et Privilegiis, rite ac legitime consequendis, Eruditorum Examini submittit Joh. Albertus Schlosser, Ultrajectinus. Ad diem 12 Junii 1753, hora locoque solitis. Multum egerunt qui ante nos fuerunt, sed non peregerunt, suspiciendi tamen sunt, & ritu deorum colendi. Seneca Epist. 64. ad Lucilium. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Georgium Wishoff, et Quirinum Visser, 1753. 4°. Pp. [4] 26 [i, i blank]. Schlosser, Gmelin says, was a German by birth, lie trees' in the Vtrhandelingen of the Flushing but I have not found any particulars about his life. Society, i. pp. 138-152, on the action of lime on the He seems, however, to have lived in Holland and volatile alkali, Phil. Trans., xlix. P. i, p. 222, and to have written his papers in Dutch. one translated into German in Crell's Chemisches Hnller quotes the above academic dissertation Journal, vi. p. 89. In the above experiment he and so does Gmelin, but he gives the date 1743, obtained a saline residue of 10 scruples by evapora- which is obviously a misprint. By Gmelin also are tion of a pound of liquid, and from it extracted a enumerated other tracts by Schlosser : as on ' metal- true sea salt, ammoniacal spirit and a lixivial salt. Portal, Histoire de V Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 466, 1770, v. p. 520. 554. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 460. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 667 (the Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 414. above thesis is the only item mentioned). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 494. 336 SCHLUSSEL— SCHMID SCHLUSSEL. See also CLAVIS. Schliissel zu dem Cabinet der geheimen Schatz-Kammer der Natur. See w. (D. i.). Der Schliissel der Schatze. See CLAVIS thesaurorum. Schliifsel der wahren Weisheit, unter einem Gesprach eines wohlerfahrnen Sophisten mit der Weisheit in dreyen Theilen mit einem Supplement, worinn das ganze mineralische, animalische, vegetabilische und astralische Reich aufgeschlofsen, und J. G. Toeltii coelum reseratum chymicum von Capitel zu Capitel ausgelegt und erlautert wird. Zum erstenmal mit der grofsten Genauigkeit und Auflosung aller nur zum Irrthum Anlafs gebenden chymischen Zeichen und Abkiirzungen zum Druck befordert. Leipzig, bey Adam Friedrich Bohmen, 1787. 8°. Pp. viii, 440. For alchemical books having the name ' Clavis' or ' Schliissel,' see Kopp. He does not mention the above, but Ladrague does. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 363-364. Secretes, 1870, Nos, 1573-76. Schliissel zur wahren Weisheit. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 3. SCHMAKENRINCK (CHRISTIAN). Particulare ex Secretis Domi. Jacobi Albert. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 268. SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG). Der von Mose u. denen Propheten iibel urtheilende Alchymist, wird fiirgestellet in einer Schrifft-gemassen Erweisung, dafs Moses und einige Propheten, wie auch David, Salomon, Hiob, Esra und dergleichen, keine Adepti Lapidis Philosophorum gewesen sind; Ingleichen dafs die Lehre und alchymistisch Vorgeben, von Verwandlung der geringen Metalle in Gold, eine lautere Phantasie und schadliche Einbildung sey; Von einem Lieb- haber der Wahrheit, der sich trostet, dafs der Allmachtige sein Gold sey, Hiob XX. v. 25. und nichts Jm Golde Sucht Chemnitz, bey Conrad Stosseln, 1706. 8°. Pp. [2] 144. Title red and black. Wants a frontispiece ? This little tract is an adverse criticism of the The only person of this name who would be alchemists. It is quoted by Gmelin, but he gives likely to pen such a disquisition as the present the name as B. J. Schmid, which does not was Johann Georg Schmid, for fifty years pastor at correspond with the pseudonym ' Jm Golde Sucht.' Nesselbach, and senior of the chapter of Neustadt In this form Kopp in his Beilrdge followed Gmelin, on the Aysch. He was born at Marck-Dachsbach, but he afterwards gave the name correctly in Die 28 Dec., 1745, and coming into the world during the Alchemie. The above author is not to be confused Thirty Years' War, and his native district having with Johann Heinrich Schmidt, better known as been sacked and burned for the second time, he Hermann Fictuld. was sent off to a place of safety, but those in charge SCHMID—SCHMUCK 337 SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG). Continued. of him falling into the hands of a foraging band, it was proposed to put him under the ice and it was with difficulty he was saved from this fate. When he grew up he studied at Wittenberg, and took there the degree of Magister, then preached for some time at Niirnberg, travelled in the Nether- lands, and became assistant to the pastor of Nessel- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 403. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. p. 417. (This is a J. Georg Schmidt who wrote ' De ileo,' Leid., 1677, 4° '• but he seems to be a different person.) bach in 1671, and pastor in 1673. In 1681, long before his death, he had another narrow escape from being killed. He was run over by a cart laden with sixteen casks of wine, without being much the worse, for he lived forty years after the accident. His death took place 5 Dec., 1721. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 292. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, ii. p. 472, note an. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 209; ii. p. 395. SCHMID (RUDOLPH JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Enchiridion Alchymico-Physicum sive Disquisitio de Menstruis Universalibus vel Liquoribus Alchahestinis Philosophorum illorum aeque ac Tincturae et Lapidis Philosophorum nee non viarum ad Tincturam Metallorum ducentium distinctam cognitionem generatim suppeditans, et hoc modo totius Philosophise Pyrotechnics Fundamenta Philosophorum Auctoritate, Experientia, pariter et firmissimis Rationibus fulta ante Oculos ponens in Philochimicorum Gratiam non minus ac Pyrosophiae Secretioris Incrementum adornatum atque editum a Rud. Jo. Frid. Schmidio Medicinae Doctore & Practice. Jenae Ex officina Buchiana. 1739. 8°. Pp. [18] 155 [5]. Title red and black, frontispiece. At the end is ' Epistola Jo. Trithemii Abbatis ad Germanum de Ganay data." The edition quoted by Gmelin had the date 1740. Uber die allgemeine Auflosungsmittel. See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. I. This is a German translation of the preceding book with a few notes by the editor. He gives it very great praise ' ' for the light it throws on an important part of the higher Chemistry." Semler, however, expresses doubt regarding the Egyptian origin of the alchahest. Schmid was born at Celle in the Duchy of Liineburg, and was councillor, aulicus and chief Btichner, Academiae . . . Naturae Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 513, No. 552. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen surHistorie der Rosenkreiiser, 1788, iii. p. 40. physician of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darm- stadt. He was received into the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, 12 May, 1748, with the name Morienus. There is no statement of the date of his death, but he was in practice in Hamburg in 1755. Starkey wrote a small tract on the Alchahest, afterwards published by J. Astell, in 1675. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 327 (' Enchiridion Alchymico-physicum '). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 544. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1420. SCHMIDT (JOHANN HEINRICH). See FICTULD (HERMANN). The J. Heinrich Schmidt quoted by Haller Altdorf, 1685, 4°, is almost certainly a different (Bibliotheca Medicines practica, 1779, iii. p. 645) person from Fictuld, as the author of a dissertation ' de Febre petechiali,' SCHMUCK (MARTIN). De occulta Magico-Magnetica Morborum quorundam curatione naturali, Trac- tatus, Das ist : Wie man auff verborgene natiirliche Weise, durch angehenckte Aufflegungen, Fortpflanzung in Baume vnd Thiere, auch andere Magische Art, vielerley Kranckheiten verhiiten, vertreiben und heylen soil. Ein II. Y 338 SCHMUCK SCHMUCK (MARTIN). Continued. kurtzes Tractatlein. Darinnen mancherley Geheimnusse der Natur, so noch nicht an Tag kommen, offenbaret werden, Durch L. M. S. L. Gedruckt vnd verlegt zu Niirnberg, bey Jeremia Diimlern, 1652. 8°. Pp. [2] 76. L. M. S. L. stands for : Licent. Martin Schmuck Lips. According to Nopitsch, this book was first published in 1636, 8°. Secretorum Naturalium, Chymicorum & Medicorum, Thesauriolus, oder Schatz- kastlein, darinnen 20. Natiirliche, 20. Chymische, und 20. Medicinische Secreta, und Kunststiicklein zu befinden. Durch vielfaltige Raisen, Miihe, und Gefahr colligiret, und an Tag gegeben, von Martino Schmucken, Lipsensi, der Artzney Licentiate. Gedruckt und verlegt zu Niirnberg, bey Jeremia Diimlern, 1652. 8°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Thesaurioli, Secretorum Naturalium, Chymicorum & Medicorum, Pars Altera oder Ander Theil, defs Schatz Kastleins, darinnen abermals 20 Natiirliche, 20 Chymische, vnd 20 Medicinische Secreta, vnd Kunststiicklein zu befinden . . . MDCLIII. 8°. Pp. [8] 103 [i blank]. 3 woodcuts. According to Nopitsch, the first part of the second part at Niirnberg, 1637, 8°, and then the ' Thesauriolus ' was ' erstlich gedruckt zu Schleu- two parts together at Niirnberg, 1652, 8°. singen durch P. S. Ira. Jahr 1637, 8°;' the Martini Schmuckens, Lipsiensis, Med. Licentiati, Wohlangerichtetes /Erarium Chymicum oder reichlich vermehrte Chymische Schatz-Kammer, darinnen 100. schoner, niitz- und ergetzlicher Secretorum Chymicorum, oder Chymischer Kunst-Processe, meinst auf Gold, Silber und fiirtreffliche Medicinen ein- gerichtet, enthalten, derer theils aus seinen beyden Thesauriolis, theils aber aus seinen hinterlassenen und andern manuscripts mit Fleifs, zu Dienst der heutigen curieusen Welt, absonderlich colligiret und zum Druck befordert von einem Freunde der Kiinste. Bey Salomon Reyhern, Buchh. in Gotha, Miihlhausen, druckts J. C. Bruckner, 1686. 12°. Pp. [1-8] 9-198. Index, etc. [15, 3 blank]. Martin Schmuck, one of a family of eleven, was Land-Physicus there from 1636 to 1640, for, on the son of Dr. Vincenz Schmuck, a theologian and March 3, 1637, he was living at Nurnberg, as can professor at Leipzig, and his wife Katherine Reib- be gathered from the preface to Th. ii. of his andin, and was born shortly before the close of the ' Thesauriolus.' sixteenth century. In 1626 he sustained at Leipzig The above works seem to be all that he pub- under Joh. Rupert Sultzberger a thesis ' De calculo lished. renumet vesicae,' by which he received the licentiate- According to a different version Schmuck was a ship in medicine. Freher says that he practised for chemist who was living in Niirnberg about 1652, several years at Hersbruck, a place in the Nurnberg but Will could find no trace of such a person and district, and died there in 1640. Nopitsch, however, preferred to accept Freher's account. points out that he cannot well have been Stadt- and Freher, Theatrum virontm eruditione clarorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 1688, p. 438. p. 634 (calls him Schmucker). Waldau, Geschichte von Hersbruck, p. 71. (I Gmelin, GeschicMe der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 567, have not seen this.) 660. JOcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Poggendorff, Biographisch-litcrarisches Hand- col. 308. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 823. Georg Andreas Will, NUrnbergisches Gelehrten- Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- Lexicon, 1757, iii. p. 549 ; 1806, viii. (C. C. cales, 3eme SeYie, 1879, vii. p. 488. Nopitsch, Vierter Supplementband], p. 108. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- Matthke, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- den Aerste alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 250. logicus, 1761, pp. 471, 573. SCHNEEBERGK—SCHOTT 339 SCHNEEBERGK (ISRAEL HIEBNER VON). Mysterium Sigillorum, Herbarum & Lapidum. Oder : Vollkomene Cur und Heilung aller Kranckheiten Schaden und Leibes- auch Gemiiths-Be- schwerungen durch unterschiedliche Mittel ohne Einnehmung der Artzeney. In 4. Classen ordentlich abgetheilet, Als : I. Erste Cur und Heilung durch die himmlische Influenz mit Hiilff der Krauter und Wurtzeln. II. Zweydte Cur und Heilung durch die himlische Influenz aus den Metallen und Steinen mit Hiilffe der 7. Sigillen. III. Dritte und zwar Summarische vollige Cur und Heilung durch die Zusammensetzung der 7. Metallen und Sigillen. IV. Vierdte Cur and Heilung aller menschlichen Laster und Gebrechen. Joh. Arndt. Was konnen die Sterne darzu dafs die Astronomi ihre Influentz und Wirkung nicht besser wissen, was konen die Krauter darzu, dafs die Medici ihre Natur und Krafft nicht besser verstehen ? Matth. am 10. Es ist nichts bedeckt, dafs nicht werde entdeckt werden, noch verborgen das man nicht wissen werde. Mit beygefiigten Figuren und Kupfferstiicken, auch gantzem Grund dieses Astronomisch- und himmlischen Processus. Durch Israel Hiebnern von Schneebergk, Mathematicum bey der uhralten Universitat zu Erffurdt. In Verlegung Johann Caspar Birckners Buchhandlers. 1696. 4°. Pp. [2] 166 [31, i blank]. Vignette of Mercury with Caduceus and Key. SCHONES (Ein) Gedicht de Saturno Philosophorum. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 197. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Primi Tomi, P- 346. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 310. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 346. SCHOLA HERMETICA. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, Pars ii., 1682, p. 77. SCHOTT (CASPAR). loco-Seriorum Naturae et Artis, sine Magiae Naturalis Centurise Tres Auctore Aspasio Caramuelio accessit diattibe (sic) de prodigiosis Crucibus. No place, date or printer. 4°. Pp. [12] 363 [i blank]. The title-page is engraved with tropliies, Hercules, Mercury, etc. 22 plates of apparatus and experiments. Plates XI. and XIII. are dated 1662, but by the chronogram at the end of the address to the reader the date ig 1665. 340 SCHOTT SCHOTT (CASPAR). Continued. The author (p. 272) refers to " Cryptographia res alias, non pridem post ultimum incendium nostra," in Book I. of Part iv. of the Magia. This Vesuvij Montis, Neapoli comparuerunt. is a proof that the book is by Caspar Schott, and The presence of this tract has led to the ascrip- that Aspasius Caramuelius is a pseudonym. tion of the whole work to Kircher. At the end, p. 307 : In this and the following works, Schott has Athanasii Kircheri . . . Diatribe de prodigiosis described a great number of ingenious tricks and Crucibus, quae tam supra vestes hominum, quam devices. P. Gasparis Schotti Regis-Curiani, e Societate Jesu. Olim in Panormitano Sicilise, nunc in Herbipolitano Franconiae Gymnasio ejusdem Societatis Jesu Matheseos Professoris Magia Universalis Naturae et Artis, sive Recon- dita Naturalium & Artificialium rerum Scientia, cujus Ope per variam Applicationem activorum cum passivis, admirandorum effectuum Spectacula, abditarumque inventionum Miracula ad varies humanae vitae usus erunntur (sic). Opus Quadripartitum. Continet Pars I. Optica. III. Mathematica. II. Acoustica. IV. Physica. Singularum Epitomen sequens Prsefatio obiter, accuratius verb uniuscujusque peculiare Praeloquium exponit. Cum Figuris ^ri incisis, et Privilegio Sacrae Caesareae Majestatis. Bambergae, Sumpt. Job. Martini Schon- wetteri, Bibliopolse Francofurtensis. M.DC.LXXVII. 4°. I. Pp. [8, engraved title included] 538. Index [13, i]. 25 engraved plates. Pars II. 1674. Pp. [243432. Index [10, 3, i blank]. Engraved title extra. 31(32) plates. Pars III. 1677. Pp. [22] 732. Index [u, i]. Engraved title extra. 21 plates. Pars IV. 1677. Pp. [32] 670 [i, i blank]. Index [15, i blank]. Engraved title extra. 13 plates. P. Gasparis Schotti. Regis Curiani e Societate Jesu, olim in Panormitano Siciliae, nunc in Herbipolitano Franconiae Gymnasio ejusdem Societatis Jesu Matheseos Professoris, Physica Curiosa, sive Mirabilia Naturae et Artis Libris XII. comprehensa, quibus pleraque, quae de Angelis, Daemonibus, Hominibus, Spectris, Energumenis, Monstris, Portentis, Animalibus, Meteoris, &c. rara, arcana, curiosaq'; circumferuntur, ad Veritatis trutinam expenduntur, variis ex Historia ac Philosophia petitis disquisitionibus excutiuntur, & innumeris exemplis illustrantur. Ad Serenissimum ac Potentissimum Prin- cipem Carolum Ludovicum, S. R. I. Electorem, &c. Cum figHris aeri incisis, & Privilegio. Editio altera auction Herbipoli, Sumptibus Johannis Andreae Endteri & Wolfgangi Jun. Haeredum. Excudebat Jobus Hertz Typographus Herbipol. Anno M.DC.LXVII. Prostant Norimbergae apud dictos Endteros. 4°. Pp. [56, engraved title included] 1389 [23]. Title red and black. 61 en- graved plates. Schott was born in 1608 at Konigshofen, near taught mathematics, became Confessor of the Wiirtzburg, entered the Jesuit order in 1627, and Prince, and died there in May, 1666. He wrote went to Palermo, where he taught ethics and mathe- numerous books connected with mathematics and maticsfor some years. He returned to Wiirtzburg, physics, or so-called natural magic. SCHOTT—SCHREITTMANN 341 SCHOTT (CASPAR). Continued. Sotvellus, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu Gmelin, Geschicktc der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 741, opus inclwatum a R. P. Petro Ribadeneira, . . . 743. continuatum a R. P. Philippo Alegambe ... L. M. Chaudon & F. A. Delandine, Nouveau recognition, . . . a Nathanaele Sotvello, 1676, p. 282. Dictlonnnire Historique, 8th ed., Lyon, An. xii. Konig, Bibliotheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 738. 1804, xi. p. 184. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Xxx Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 72. 3 recto, 22 May, 1666. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii. Fabricius, Histories Bibliotheca Fabriciantz Pars 838 o. V., 1722, p. 531. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xii. p. 231 ; no Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 465 & passim. date, xxxviii. p. 428 ('without doubt one of the Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischeu most learned men of his epoch'). Historic, 1736, vii. p. 778. Backer, Bibliotheque des Acrivains de la Coin- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic pagnie de Jesus, 1853, Premiere Serie, pp. 727-733. Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 295. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1036. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 838. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Nouvelle Biographic Genlrale, 1864, xliii. col. 587. col. 340. Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 524. of Secrets,' in Transactions of the Glasgow Archeeo- Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 526 logical Society, 1883, ii. p. 193. (physiological and anatomical observations in his Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 713. Technica curiosa, Herbipol., 1664, 1667, 1687, 4°). Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1892, xxxiv. Mercier de St. Le'ger, Notice raisonnte des Guv- p. 739. rages de Gaspard Schott, Paris, 1785, 8°, pp. 108. Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Cotn- Bougine", Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- pagnie de Jtsus, Bibliographic, 1896, vii. cols. 904- geschichte, 1790, iii. p. 161. 911 ; 1900, ix. col. 847. SCHREIBEN an die Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie, worinnen ihnen wohlmeinend durch ein und andere in der gesunden Vernunft und Experience gegriindeter Beweifs Ursachen, und Widerlegungen abgerathen wird, dieser Kunst nicht langer nachzuhangen, um sich nicht in das ausserste Elend zu stiirzen, durch einen wahren Verehrer der Wahrheit, und aufrichtigen Liebhaber seines Nachstens. Wer das Abysinische Alphabet kennet, kennet meinen Namen. rYA.A. Frankfurt und Leipzig, Zu finden im Kraufsischen Buchladen, 1770. 8°. Pp. 190 [2 blank]. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1492. SCHREITTMANN (CiRiACUs). Probierbiichlin. Frembde vnd subtile Kiinst, vormals im Truck nie gesehen, von Woge vnd Gewicht, auch von allerhandt Proben, auff Ertz, Golt, Silber, vnd andere Methall, &c. Niitzlich vnd gut alien denen so mit subtilen Kiinsten der Bergkwerck vmbgehen. Uurch Ciriacum Schreittmann. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Imperiali. Franckf. Bey Chri. Egen. Erben. 1580. 8°. Ff. [8] 86 [i, x blank]. Title red and black. The vignette is a balance. 18 woodcuts in the text. Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey Christian EgenolfFs Erben, In verlegung Adami Loniceri, Johannis Cnipij, Doctor, vnd Pauli Stein meyers, Jni jar nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlbsers. M.D.LXXX. This is a work on the dry assay ot gold and balance and weights which is very minute and silver. The first half of the book is taken up with careful, the second treats of furnaces, muffles and a description of the construction and use of the materials, and the last part contains the_operations. [Another Copy.] 342 SCHRODERUS— SCHRODER SCHRODERUS (ARNOLDUS). See SCHRODER (ARNOLD). SCHRODER (ARNOLD). Defensio Animadversionum et Notarum Viri Clarissimi Petri Laurembergii, in Aphorismos Chymiatricos Angeli Salae, opposita Responsioni Anton: Gunther Billich, Caculae Militaris Profugi : In qua pueriles & misene illius objectiones refelluntur, fatuitas hominis detegitur, stulto pro stultitia respondetur, & demum veritas animadversionum Laurembergianarum asseritur, & vindicatur, Auctore Arnoldo Schrodero Francofurtensi, Poliatro Neoburgico Anno ^Erae Christianas, clo loc xxiv. 4°. Pp. 159 [i blank]. Kopp says it was printed at Marburg. He wrote another book : Bonum factum, Flabel- Billichius dispellitur, & abigitur in auras per dictum lum, quo Fumus Chymicus, & Cinis Contumeliarum, Schroderum : Additis Assertionibus Chymicis Anti- „..„„, ;„ «,I,,~,K; *...* c.,ii — , A™™.: . — :.„..;. Billichianis, Sine npminatione loci, ubi, & apud quern prostet, 1625, in 4. This I have not seen. See also BILLICH (Anton Gunther). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii. P. 53i- Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 334 (see his Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, note on the coarse part played by Schroder in this quem in elumbi sua Sylloge Assertionum excitavit, & Medico ac Philosopho celeberrimo, Petro Laur- embergio, afflare conatus est Anton. Gunther. Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 91 (reply to Billichius against Sala). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 89. 1731, II. ii. p. 220. dispute with Billichius). SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger unsers Jahrhunderts ausgesucht. Erster Band, welcher die zwey ersten Sammlungen enthalt. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, 1772. 8°. Pp. [2] 158 [2], Contains Bd. I. Stiick 2, Sebald Schwarzers Metallver- wandlungs-Kumte only. A fragment. Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger unsers Jahrhunderts ausgesucht und herausgegeben von S. Erstes Stiick. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, 1771. 8°. Pp. [12] 260. Zweyte Sammlung, 1772. Pp. [8] 314. Index, etc. [25, i blank]. Des Zweytwn Bands Erste Sammlung, 1773. Pp. [8] 424. Des Zwey ten Bands Zweyte Sammlung, 1774. Pp. [6] 258. Index, &c. [30]. The contents of this collection are as follows : VOL. I. PART i. I. Edmund Dickinson. Schreiben an Herrn Theodor Mundan von der Goldkunst, oder Quint- essenz der Filosofen, 1771, I. i. p. i. II. Theodor Mundan. Antwort auf vorherge- hendes Schreiben, I. i. p. 115. III. R. E. J. D., Elias der Artist, eine Abhandlung von der kunstlichen Metallverwandlung, I. i. p. 181. VOL. I. PART ii. I. Sebald Schwarzers und einige andere Metall- verwandlungskiinstc, mil allgemeinen filosofischen Anmerkungen begleitet von W., 1772, I. ii. p. i. II. Ferrarius. Chymische Abhandlung fiir den Pabst . . . zum erstenmal erganzet und in Druck gegeben zu Geismar in Jahre 1647 von L. C., I. ii. P- 159- III. Das Bach von den Anfangen der Natur und chymischen Kunst, I. ii. p. 237. IV. Kornelius Drebbel. Abhandlung von der Quintessenz ; von Joachim Morsius herausgegeben im Jahre 1621, I. ii. p. 391. SCHRODER 343 SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). Continued. VOL. II. PART i. I. Gabriel Clauder. Abhandlung vom Uni- versalstein . . ., 1773, II. i. p. i. II. Claude Germain. Abbildung der geheimen Filosofie, II. i. p. 280. III. Zwey alte Denkmaale Deutscher Filosofen, u. s. f. Der erste Tractat : Eine wahrhaftige Lehre der Filosofie von Gebahrung der Metalle und ihrem rechten Beginne, II. i. p. 345. IV. Der andere Tractat: Reime von der geheimen Filosofie der Chymisten, mit Anmerkungen aufs neue herausgegeben von R. . . ., II. i. p. 379. Schroder was born 19 March, 1733, at Bilefeld in the County of Ravensburg, where his father was royal Landrichter and a Burgermeister ; his mother belonged to Wernigerode. When he was quite a child his father removed to Wernigerode, and died there shortly afterwards. The boy was brought up by the Wernigerode Leib-Arzt, Johann Christoph Unzer, and to the age of 16 was instructed by a tutor, Bernrodt, who first awakened in him a taste for medicine and the natural sciences. His boy- hood was passed with little interruption in reading and study, and he went very soon to the University of Halle, in 1750. There he studied philosophy and medicine, and he himself describes his doubts and his difficulties in reconciling the opposite theories he heard de- livered, and his want of confidence in entering on medical practice. He was disposed almost to throw up the study of it altogether, but, feeling that it was now too late to pursue philosophy, theology and belles lettres, he turned to medicine once more, and went to Erlangen. There he attended the courses of Delius and got some enlightenment on points which had been obscure to him, and had the benefit also of instruction from Schmiedel and Succow, but he was still alive to the shortcomings of medicine, and the uncertainty of much of it. After hard study and practice and the defence, under Delius, of a thesis ' De Taraxaco, ' Erlangae, 1754, 4°, he made a prolonged tour in Saxony and the Harz, and finally arrived at Wernigerode, where he became assistant to Dr. Unzer, his step- father. He was disappointed to find that he did not confirm his views about taraxacum ; he tried it, however, on an ascitic case, which was cured in fourteen days. At this time his leisure was spent in finishing a volume of poetry, which was published afterwards in 1759. In 1755 he settled at Cassel and m the year following was appointed physician at the Springs of Hofgeismar and to the district of Diemel, where he spent with advantage the war years that ensued. Gir. Curtius, Memoria Frid. Jos. Guil. Schroe- deri (quoted by Strieder, but I have not seen it). Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 126. E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetstlebender Aerzle mid Naturforscherin undausser Deutschland, 1772, Bd. i. (Stiick 2, 1770), pp. 223-250 (quotes nothing alchemical). llaller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 577 (author of ' De splenis usu,' Wolferbyti, 1761, 8°, ' singularis liber, ' and other books, but Haller makes no allusion to his alchemy). Joh. Christian Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Un- ier sue hung der Akhemie, 1777, pp. 86, 350 (review of the above book and criticism of Schroder's opinions). VOL. II. PART ii. I. Josephus Westpbalus. Von der Goldtinctur der Weisen aus den Metallen mit Anmerkungen von F., 1774, II. ii. p. i. II. Petrus de Zalento (al. Silentinus). Vommetal- lischen Kunststucke der Weisen ubersetzt und mit Anmerkungen begleitet von J., II. ii. p. 131. III. Roger Bacon. Alchymeyspiegel, Il.ii. p. 167. IV. Avicenna, Kleines Biichelchen vom mineral- ischen Steine, II. ii. p. 193. He made the acquaintance of many people, effected many cures, and engaged in chemical experiments with the waters (Strieder, p. 286). On 24 February, 1762, from Erlangen, he ob- tained in absentia the degree of doctor of medicine, and in 1764 was appointed second ordinary pro- fessor of medicine at Marburg. From his youth up, Schroder was of weak con- stitution, but at the end his health was still more impaired, partly by his chemical and alchemical experiments, partly by his overstrained phantasy inducing mental suffering, and it was said of him that ' he was a man whose brain was on fire with alchemy and whose passions for paradox had made him crazy.' He proclaimed himself a true Rosi- crucian, though no longer in touch with the chief of the Order. He died 27 October, 1778. His works are partly literary, partly medical, partly alchemical. The last may be mentioned : Die vo'llig erbffnete Alchemic oder hohere Natur- wissenschaft in einer deutlichen Anweisung, als ein Anhang der neuen Alchemistischen Bibliothek, Cassel, 1774, 8°. Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, Marburg & Leip- zig, 1775-76, 8°, 2 vols. Vol. II. ii. is said to have appeared after his death with his name. He was attacked by Wiegleb in 1777, and the attack caused Schroder many a bad hour ; had he lived he would have replied to Wiegleb. In the Beytrag it is said that the first collection was not continued owing to the early death of the editor. That can hardly be correct, for the Neue Sammlung seems to have been published by himself, and Gmelin refers to it as Schroder's. De Alchemia Medicinae necessaria et medica- rnento chemicorum panchristo Resp. (pro Gr. Dr. ) Henr. Ferd. Hoepfner, Misnio. Marburg, 1776, 4°- Von den Salzen und dereu arzneylicheu Wirk- ungen. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 674. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 669. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehr- ten und SchriftstMcr Geschichte, Cassel, 1802, xiii. pp. 277-312. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litieralur, 1806-08, p. 356. Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1812, xii. pp. 446-449. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. p. 724. Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 567. 344 SCHRODER SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). Continued. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi- cine, 1839, iv. p. 120. cales, 3eme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 535. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, ii. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 91 ; ii. pp. 41, p. 567. 97, 250, 279, 286, 341. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 343. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 285. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 725 (' De Secretes, 1870, Nos. 545, 595, 624-25. Taraxaco '). SCHRODER (JOHANN). Pharmacopoeia Medico-Chymica, sive Thesaurus Pharmacologicus, quo com- posita quaeque celebriora; hinc Mineralia, Vegetabilia & Animalia Chymico- Medice describuntur, atque insuper Principia Physicae Hermetico-Hippocraticae candide exhibentur. Opus non minus utile Physicis quam Medicis : Editione secunda correctius & auctius. Authore Johanne Schrodero, M.D. Reip. Mceno-Francofurtanae, Physico Ordinario. Cum Privilegio S. Caesareae Majestatis. Vlmae, Sumptibus Johannis Gerlini Bibliopola?. Anno M DC XXXXIV. 4°. Pp. [86, 2 blank] 270, 172, 326 [30]. Extra engraved title : Portrait at the top and an apothecary's shop ; at the sides a mine and a herb garden ; at the bottom a landscape with beasts and an emblematic medallion with the motto : Ditabit Strvata Fides. The Compleat Chymical Dispensatory, in Five Books : Treating of all sorts of Metals, Precious Stones, and Minerals, of all Vegetables and Animals, and things that are taken from them, as Musk, Civet, &c. How rightly to know them, and how they are to be used in Physick; with their several Doses. The like Work never Extant before. Being very proper for all Merchants, Druggists, Chirurgions, and Apothecaries ; and such ingenious Persons as study Physick or Philosophy. Written in Latin, by Dr. John Schroder, that most Famous and Faithful Chymist. And Englished, by William Rowland, Dr. of Physick. Who Translated, Hippo- crates, Riverius, Platerus, Sennertus, Rulandus, Crato, and Bartholinus. London : Printed by John Darby, for Richard Chiswell, and Robert Clavell, and are to be sold at the Sign of the Two Angels and Crown, in Little Brittain. 1669. Folio. Pp. [5, i blank] 545 [i blank]. Table [ii, i]. Pp. 285-384 are dropped, so that the true pagination is 445. The first edition of the ' Pharmacopoeia' appeared Copenhagen and in other Universities, and travelled at Ulm, 1641, 4°. F. Hoffmann added notes to in France, Italy and Germany. After graduating it and published it in the work : Clavis Pharma- he held the position of surgeon to the Swedish ceutica, Halle, 1675, 4°. Mangel issued it under armies and physician to Field Marshal Horn. He the title : Pharmacopoea Schrodero- Hoffmanniana, settled at Frankfurt a. M. of which he was phy- Gerieva, 1684. It was translated into German and sician, and died 30 Jan., 1664. published at Niirnberg, 1685, 4°. The ' Pharmacopoeia ' is commended by Boer- Schroder also wrote : Quercetanus redivivus, hoc haave, though it gives evidence that the author was est, ars medica dogmatico-hermetica, tribus tomis credulous, an empiric, and a partisan of the digesta, Francof., 1648, 4°, 1667, 4°, 1679, 4°- chimaeras of alchemy, and it is criticised by Schroder was born in 1600 at Salz-Urlen, in Schelhammer. Westphalia. He studied medicine at Rostock, SCHRODER— SCHULER 345 SCHRODER (JOHANN). Continued. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 678. Conring, In Universani Artein Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, pp. 278 (Add. viii. 15. i), 391 (Add. xi. 12. 3), (presumably the same person as the above). Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 76. Reinimann, Einleitung in die Historiam liler- ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 770. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 220. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der mcdicinischett Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 784. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelekrlen-Lexicon, 1740, p. 768. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1120. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, p. 149. Jbcher, Allgemeiues Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 356. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina; practices, 1777, ii. p. 617 (list of his writings). Eloy, Diclionnaire Hislorique de la Medecine, 1778, iv. p. 225. Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 168. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 289 (calls him Job. Christian Schroder). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 843. Diclionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1879, vii. p. 533. Hirsch, Biographisches LtXtSm der kervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 284. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxii. p. 518 (by Pagel). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 725. SCHRODER (WILHELM VON). Wilhelm Freyh. von Schrodern Fiirstliche Schatz- und Rent-Kammer nebst seinem Tractat vom Goldmachen wie auch vom Ministrissimo oder Ober- Staats-Bedienten. Leipzig und Konigsberg, Verlegts Christoph Gottfried Eckart. 1737- 8°. Pp. [32] 484. Index [n, i blank]. Folding table. Unterricht vom Goldmachen denen Buccinatoribus oder so sich selbst nen- nenden Foederatis Hermeticis auf ihre drey Episteln zur freundlichen Nachricht Anno 1684. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 219. With this compare Johann Otto von Hellwig's ' Judicium de Duum-Viris Hermeticis Foederatis & Baron von Schroder, or Schroter, of Salzburg, was a doctor of laws, and Imperial Count Pala- tine, aulic councillor of the Dukes of Saxony, and director of the Gotha Consistory. He was a legate to the Peace Congress at Osnabriick, and ultimately chancellor and privy councillor. Konig, Bibliotheca velus et nova, 1678, p. 739. Witte, Diarii Biographici Tomtts Secundus, Rigoe, 1691, p. 87. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriplorum Ckemicorum, 1697, p. 44, No. Ixxiii. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1731, Th. ii. p. 126. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hertnetique, 1742, iii. p. 339. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1269. horum Epistola Buccinatoria Secunda ' in CHRIS- TOPH VON HELLWIG'S Fasciculus, 1719. He wrote ' Informatorium universi juris,' and political works, as well as the above. Fictuld seems to be in some confusion, for while in Th. ii. p. 126, he calls him Wilhelm, he refers to p. 85 (under Koschwitz (Georg Daniel) ), where he calls him Johann. Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 362. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 27. Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 438. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 216; ii. pp. 6, 332- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxii. pp. 530-33 (article by Marchet). SCHULER (CONRAD). Griindtliche Aufslegung vnd Warhaffte Erklarung der Rythmorum Fratris Basilii Valentin! Monachi, Von der Materia, ihrer Geburt, Alter, Farb, Qualitet, 346 SCHULER—SCHUTTE SCHULER (CONRAD). Continued. vnd Namen, des grossen Steins der Vhralten Philosophen, Gefertigt durch Conrad Schulern, Fiirstlichen Wiirttembergischen Obern Raht zu Stuttgart. Ad Momum ha ha he. Rides me? Magis rideo te. Spernis me? Magis sperno te. Lachestu mein? Viel mehr ich dein. Haltestu dann auch nichts von mir? Viel weniger halt ich von dir. Getruckt zu Tubingen, in der Cellischen Truckerey, Im Jar, 1606. 8°. Pp. 60. Printer's mark [i] [3 blank]. Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilii. See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608. Hermann Schleron or Schleern ( "• P- 512 (edition of Sacrobosco). Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Gottin- gen, 1800, i. p. 856. SCOTUS 359 SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued. Notices et Ex traits des Man-merits de la Biblio- theque Nationale, An. IX. [1801], vi. pp. 387-485 (Michael's translation of Aristotle's History of Animals). Sir Walter Scott, The Lay of the Last Minstrel, 1805, Canto ii. and notes. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 112. Tennant, Anster Fair, 1812, canto v. p. in (a story about the Wizard). Aikin, Genera/ Biography, 1814, ix. p. 83 (article by Johnston, well informed for the time). David Irving, The Lives of the Scotish Poets, Edinburgh, about 1815, i. pp. 21-23. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvii. p. 283. Robert Law, Memorials, . . . edited . . . by C. Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Edinburgh, 1818, p. xv. Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur VAge et rOrigine des Traductions Latines d Aristote, 1819, pp. 138 (translation of Alpetragius), 237 (Scot's translations), 358-389 (translation of Aristotle on Animals). The Edinburgh Magazine and Literary Mis- cellany, being a new series of The Scots Magazine, 1820, vi. pp. 491-499; vii. pp. 99-104 (and re- ferences), (articles signed 'W'). ['The Scots Magazine,' Ixxxvi., for 1820, Part I., and Ixxxvii., for 1820, Part II.] (See Tytler, 1831.) Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii. 839 iu (puts him in the I5th century). Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 363 ; no date, xxxviii. p. 550 (taken from Aikin and John- ston). Allan Cunningham, Sir Michael Scott, a Romance, London, 1828, 3 vols. , 12°. Ebert, Allgemeines Bibliographisches Lexikon, 1830, ii. col. 744, No. 20718. P. F. Tytler, Lives of Scottish Worthies, 1831, i. pp. 93-128. (This is a reprint, with some verbal alterations, unadvised omission of the notes and most of the references to authorities, and condensa- tion and modification of the text of the article, in the ' Edinburgh Magazine." Presumably, therefore, that article, though it is signed ' W,' was really written by Tytler.) Tennemann, A Manual of the History of Philo- sophy, Oxford, 1832, p. 241 ; London, Bohn, 1852, p. 233 (his translations). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 139 (inaccurate). Catalogues of Scotish Writers, Edinburgh, 1833, p. 108. William Godwin, Lives of the Necromancers, 1834, p. 254 (a mere note). James Maidment, Analecta Scotica, 1834, i. p. 235. (' Conventio' between the Abbot and Convent of Dunfermline and Michael Scot, heir of Riccardus, of Halwearie, 1280, so that this is quite a different person.) R. Chambers, Lives of illustrious and distin- guished Scotsmen, 1835, iv. pp. 203-205. David Buchanan, De Scriptoribus Scotis Libri duo, nunc primum edili, Edinb. , 1837, p. 74 (edited by Dr. Irving for the Bannatyne Club). Haiti, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1838, II. ii. pp. 293-300 (Nos. 14542-14555). James Hogg, The Poetical Works, 1838, i. p. 220 (in Note x. to 'the Queen's Wake,' Hogg gives a version of the story of Michael Scot and the witch of Fauldshope differing somewhat from Sir Walter Scott's) ; ii. p. 339 (in Note xvi. to ' The Mountain Bard '). Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathtmatiques, 1838, ii. p. 23. Ferd. Wustenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte und N a turf or sc her, 1840, p. 73, No. 40 (Avicenna : ' Liber de Animalibus,' interprete Mich. Scoto, Ven. 1494), 107, No. 13 ('Succincta expositio Metaphysicorum Nicolai '). Robertson, Deliciae Literariae : a new volume of Table-Talk, 1840, pp. 127 (a book of unlawful arts, by Michael Scot), 198-204 (ridicules — after Tytler — Michael's Physiognomy and yet devotes four pages to his ' drivelling follies '). Warton, History of English Poetry, 1840, i. p. cxxxv. ; ii. p. 90. Gardiner's Miscellany of Literature, Science, History and Antiquities, Cupar, 1842, pp. 64-71 (article on Scot by Robert Wilson). Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdr- geschichte, 1842, II. ii. pp. 579 (short notice from Mackenzie, Bayle, Niceron and others) ; 622 (' Phy- siognomia ') ; 635 (' Mensa philosophica') ; 680 (translations of Aristotle) ; 816 (commentary on the Sphere). Histoire Litttraire de la France, 1842, xx. pp. 43-51 (article by Daunou). Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 135 ; 1869, ii. p. 130 (mere mention of the tract in the 1 Theatrum '). The New Statistical Account of Scotland, 1845, iii. Selkirk, p. 3 (Oakwood and Michael) ; ix., Fife, p. 150 (Balwearie and life of Michael). James Bruce, Lives of Eminent Men of Fife, Cupar-Fife, 1846, pp. 1-91 (an ill-conditioned and prejudiced notice, but containing the references then available). Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, 1852, vi. p. 570 (article on Scot by Haur&iu). Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelsau Moyen Age, 1853, p. 235 (thinks Michael possibly a pupil of Albertus, following Me'zeray; but Michael was already 25 or 30 years old when Albertus was born in 1205). Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe, 4th ed. , 1854, i. p. 93 (mentions him in a note as 'pretending to translate Aristotle,' and quotes Meiners). [Meiners1 Vergleichung, 1793, is one of Hallam's authorities, and his reference in the present instance is to ii. 664. As volume ii. con- tains only 555 pages, and, so far as I can see, is not numbered by paragraphs or in any other way, I do not understand Hallam's number. This is not the only case, however, for he repeatedly directs his reader to numbers beyond 555, what- ever is meant by them.] Milman, ' Michael Scott almost an Irish Arch- bishop,' Philobiblon Society, Bibliographical and Historical Miscellanies, 1854, small 4°, i. pp. 8. Scrope, Days and Nights of Salmon Fishing in the Tweed, 1854, pp. 183, 247, 249 (legends about the Wizard). Milman, History of Latin Christianity, 1855, iy- p. 367 (B. IX. ch. xiii.) ; vi. pp. 379, 446 (B. XIV. chs. i., iii.). Holtrop, Catalogus Librorum saeculo XV* im- pressorum, quolquot in Bibliotheca Regia Hagana asservantur, 1856, p. 365. Alexander Whitelaw, The Book of Scottish Bal- lads, 1857, p. 249. ('The Warlock of Aikwood,' a modern ballad by W. G. B. , on Michael's em- bassy to France. ) The English Cyclopaedia, 1857, Biography, v. col. 366. Renan, Averroes et /' 'Averroisine, 1861, pp. 205- 210. SCO TUS—SCUL TE TVS SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued. James A. Wade, History of St. Marys Abbey, Melrose, 1861, pp. 301, 349 (no mention of his burial there). Brunei, Manuel du Libraire et de I'1 Amateur des Livres, Paris, 1862, iii. col. 1635 ('mensa'); 1864, v. cols. 240, 1228. T. L. Kington, History of Frederick the Second, Emperor of (he Romans, 1862, i. pp. 283 (Michael befriended by Gregory IX.), 441 (the second edition of Fibonacci's treatise on the Abacus dedicated to Michael in 1228), 449-451 (notes on his life, imper- fect), 465 (Michael, the Emperor's astrologer), 467 ; ii. p. 138. Agnew, A History of the Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway, 1864, p. 81. (Michael Scot atGlenluce; a ' vout ' contains his library of books on incanta- tions and the black art). Graesse, Tresor de Livres Rares, 1865, VI. i. p. 329. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 998. William Ballingall, The Shores of Fife, 1872, p. 35, and drawing of Balwearie Castle. John Small, 'Sketches of Early Scottish Al- chemists : Michael Scot . . . ' Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. xi., Session 1874-75, PP- 179-183. Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Medicaks, 1874, iii. col. mo. Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, J875> P- 1577 (inaccurate). Mactaggart, The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclo- pedia, 2nd edit., 1876, pp. 145 (origin of the name Criffle), 457 (the ' vout ' at Glenluce). Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English Liter- ature, 1878, ii. p. 1961. Win. Fraser, The Scotts of Buccleuch, 1878, i. p. xxxv., and portrait (connects him with Balwearie, and identifies the scholar and ambassador, which is impossible according to dates). Veitch, The History and Poetry of the Scottish Border, 1878, p. 226 (favourable notice). B. Haure'au, Histoire de la Philosophic Scolas- tique, 1880, Seconde Partie, i. pp. 124-130. William Grossart, Historic Notices . . . of the Parish of Shotts, 1880, p. 14 (the legend of the ' Pack-Stane ' ; Grossart connects Michael with the Scotts of Murdoston). The Antiquary, 1882, v. pp. 53-56 (Birthplace of Michael Scotus, by T. Hutcheson) ; 1884, x. p. 103 (a legend of Scotus). The Encyclopedia Britannica, gth ed., 1886, xxi. p. 469. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 791 (Hain, 14546). Scriptores Greed Physiognomonici, ed. Rich. Foerster, Lips., 1893, i. pp. xxiii. sqq., clxxix. J. Wood Brown, An Enquiry into the Life and Legend of Michael Scot, Edinburgh, 1897, 8°, pp. xvi, 281 [i] ; frontispiece, vignette, and facsimile. Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, !•• PP- 59-6 (article by tineas Mackay, founded on Wood Brown's Enquiry, and revised by him). SCRIPTUM [anonymi] . . . elixir Solis Theophrasti Paracelsi tractans. See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 89. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 828. SCUDALUPIS (PETRUS ARLENSIS DE). See PETRUS Arlensis de Scudalupis. Arpe, De prodigiosis Natures et Artis operibus Talismanes . . . dictis . . . liber singularis, 1717, pp. 122, 151. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinische?i Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 574. Fridericus Boerner, Bibliothecae Librorum rari- orum physico-medicorum historico-criticae Specimen secundum, Helmstadii, 1752, p. 65, No. xxxi (note on the Speculum Lapidum of Camillus Leonhardus, August. Vindel., 1533, 4°). Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 458. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 593- SCULTETUS QOHANN). See TAKIUS (JOHANN), Kurtze Rede von der Gold Geburth, 1668. There are two or three persons of this name who require to be carefully distinguished from each other. Johann Schultz, or Joannes Scultetus, translator of Takius' book, was born at Ntirnberg, 7 Aug., 1621, studied medicine, and was admitted a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 1672, with the name of Perseus I. He was deeply interested in botany, wrote some medical papers, edited Mindererus' work on military medicine, Ntirnberg, 1667, 12°, and was the author of 'Trich'asis admiranda, sive, Morbus pilaris mira- bilis observatus, Noribergae, apud Michaelem Endterum, 1658, 12°, and ' Prophylaxis, circa praesentem et futurum sanitatis statum, Oratione proposita,' Ibid apud eundem, 1665, 12°. He was town physician at Ntirnberg, and died there 13 Feb., 1680, according to Biichner, Will, and Eloy, but in 1687 according to Witte and Moller. He does not seem to have any connection with the other persons of the name, who have been confused by certain authorities but have been distinguished by Moller. One of these is Joannes Scultetus, the elder, born at Ulm, 1595, town-physician there, a dis- tinguished surgeon, and author of a work : ' Armamentarium chirurgicum,' Ulmas, 1654 ; Hagae Com. , 1656, fol. He died at Stuttgart in 1645. To this writer Van der Linden has erroneously assigned the ' Historia Trichiaseos admirandse sive Morbi Pilaris,' Norib. 1658. This confusion was pointed out by Voglerus. The other is Joannes Scultetus," the younger, who was a brother's son of the preceding, and was born at Ulm. He, too, became town-physician there, and brought out a new edition of his uncle's 'Armamentarium.' He died at Ulm in 1663 of a spotted fever. SCULTETUS—SECRETUM 361 SCULTETUS (JOHANN). Continued. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 680. Biichner, Academia; . . . Natures Curiosorum Witte, Diarium • Biographicum, 1688, Anno 1687, Historia, 1755, P- 4^6- No. 45. sig. Aaaaa 2 verso. G. A. Will, Nurnbergisclies Gelehrten-Lexicon, Moller, Homonymo-Scopia historico-philologico- 1757, iii. p. 664 ; 1808, viii. (Nopitsch's ' Vierter critica, Hamb. , 1697, p. 721, No. cxxi. Supplementband,') p. 187. Valentinus Henr. Voglerus, Introductio univer- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 533. salts in notitiam cujuscunque generis bonorum Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 425, scripiorum cum notis et avgmento Henrici Meibo- 473 (Trichiasis admiranda), 593 (various notes). mii, Editio secunda, Helmestadii, 1700, 4°, cap. Haller, Bibliotheca Chimrgica, 1774, i. p. 418. iix. pp. 48, 49. Kloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Medicine, Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 1778, iv. p. 237. ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 809. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), vii. p. 185. 1731, II. ii. p. 240. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 394; no Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen date, xxxviii. p. 601 (article by Weiss). Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 831, 832. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, cales, 3eme St^rie, 1880, viii. p. 371. p. 773. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvi., col. 771. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. 272. col. 453- SEAL (The) of Secrets. See PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets. SECRET der Alchimey. See TRACTATUS darinn das gantze Secret der Alchimey . . . begriffen ist SECRETA lapidis philosophici ignoti authoris. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 249. See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 261. See PHILOSOPHICI Lapidis Secreta. See GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins. See GEHEIMNUSS vom Stein der Weisen. SECRETA Secretorum. See JOHANNES PAUPERUM. SECRETS. See PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets. SECRETS disclos'd of the Philosophers Stone. See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. l8o. SECRETS merveilleux . . . du Petit Albert. See ALBERTUS Parvus, 1743. SECRETS reveal'd : or, an Open Entrance to the Shut-Palace of the King. See PHILALETHA. SECRETUM Omnium Secretorum. See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. I. See GEHEIMNISS aller Geheimnisse. SECRETUM Secretorum Naturae de laude lapidis Philosophorum. See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae scripta, 1603, p. 285. 362 SEGER VON WEIDENFELD— SEMLER SEGER VON WEIDENFELD (JOHANN). See WEIDENFELD (JOHANN SEGER VON). SEHR geheim gehaltene . . . experimentirte Kunst Stiicke. See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED), 1789. SEMIRAMIS. See TUMBA. SEMITA. Semita Semitae. See ALCHIMIA (DE) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 69. See ARTIS AURlFERiE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 280. Semita Semitae, oder Fufssteig defs Fufssteigs. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 378. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 460. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 210. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 34, 37. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 142. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 383. SEMLER (JOHANN SALOMON). Von achter hermetischer Arzenei. An Herrn Leopold Baron Hirschen in Dresden. Wider falsche Maurer und Rosenkreuzer. Leipzig, bei Georg Emanuel Beer, 1786. 8°. Pp. 84. Semler was born at Salfeld, 18 Dec., 1725. In 1743 he went to Halle University and stopped there for seven years. He lived with Baumgarten, who was as a father to him, and employed him in the compilation of the ' Nachrichten einer Hallischen Bibliothek.' After leaving Halle and staying a short time at Salfeld, Semler was appointed professor at Coburg, but, as there was no pay, he had to write for a livelihood. In 1751 he was made professor of history and belles lettres at Altdorf, and the year following received a call to Halle as professor of theology. Out of modesty he at first declined this invitation, but was persuaded by Baumgarten to accept it. He came in 1753 and held the chair till 1791 with great advantage to the University, as he was one of the most learned and distinguished members of the theological faculty and was considered equal, if not superior, Will, Nurnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1757, iii. pp. 686-691 ; 1808, viii. (Nopitsch's ' Vierter Supplementband ') pp. 201-212. D. Joh. Salomo Semlers Lebensbeschreibung von ihm selbst abgefafst, Halle, 1781, 1782. 2 The. 8°. Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 718. Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog auf das Jahr 1791, ii. pp. 1-81. Saxius, Onotnasticon literarium, 1803, viii. pp. 81-84. Meusel, Das Gelehrte- Teutschland, oder Lexikon der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4te Ausg. , 1784, iii. p. 535 ; Nachtrag, 1786, i. pp. 607, 751 ; 1787, ii. p. 357; 1788, iii. p. 339; 1791, iv. pp. 683, 859 ; 1795, V. ii. p. 329. to Baumgarten in his knowledge of history and its illustrations of theology. In 1757, after Baumgarten's death, he was ap- pointed director of the Theological Seminary and latterly of the Associated Paedagogic Institute. After twenty years' administration of these offices, he was deprived of them, a loss which he felt keenly, though he continued to discharge his other duties faithfully. He was the author of a great number of works on theological subjects, and of one to which reference has been often made in the present catalogue : Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosen- kreuzer, Leipzig, 1786-1788, 8°, 4 parts. A long list of his works occupying sixteen pages is given by Meusel. In his later years he devoted his leisure time to making chemical experiments. His death took place on 14 March, 1791. Joh. Christoph Hoffbauer, Geschichle der Uni- •versitdt zu Halle bis zum Jahre 1805, Halle, 1805, pp. 270-271, 275, 326, 337. Meusel, Lexicon der vom fahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii. pp. 89-107 (and references). Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 555 ; no date, xxxix. p. 34. Herzog, Real-Encyklopiidie ftir protestantische Theologie und Kirche, 1884, xiv. pp. 111-119 (and references). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 12, 149, 292. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxiii. pp. 698-704 (article by Paul Tschackert, and references). Herm. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, Berlin, 1904, pp. 259, 262*, 642 (Luftsalz). SENAC—SENDIMIR VON SIEBENSTERN 363 SENAC QEAN BAPTISTS). Nouveau Cours de Chymie, suivant les Principes de Newton & de Sthall (sic). Avec un Discours Historique sur 1'Origine & les progrez de la Chymie. Non fingendum aut excogitandum, sed inveniendum quid Natura facial aut ferat. Bacon. A Paris, Chez Jacques Vincent, rue & vis-a vis 1'Eglise S. Severin, a 1'Ange. M.DCC.XXIII. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. Ixvij, [3] 1-246. 2nd volume; Fly-title: "Suite du Nouveau Cours de Chymie," marked 247 ; verso blank ; pp. 247-796. The first part contains a historical essay, pp. Ixvij ; general principles and processes ; the second part contains the preparation of substances with remarks. The book is of interest because the author often discusses the views of the alchemists, and points out their errors. The author, according to Weigel, was Senac ; but, if by him, it is not always included among his works by other authorities. Eloy mentions it only to condemn it. He says : ' It is a mistake to credit it to Senac. It is the crude result of the zeal of some students who selected what they could from the lectures of Geoffroy and Boulduc at the Jardin du Roi ; it is absolutely unworthy of the skilful pen to which it is attributed.' But it is credited to him by L. Hahn, who also quotes an edition, Paris, 1737, 2 vols. 12°. Jean Baptiste, called also Pierre, Senac, was born in 1693 near Lombez, in Gascony, was M.D. of Rheims, M.B. of Paris, and was a man of con- siderable influence. He showed his interest in the faculty of medicine at Paris by offering it on the Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 7. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomieetde la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 607 et passim. Christian Ehrenfried Weigel, Grundrifs der reinen und angewandten Chemie, 1777, i. p. n, No. 24. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 1778, iv. p. 245. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 116. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 232. Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 101 (calls him John and adds that lie is called Peter in the list of the Academy of Sciences). Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 197. Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. i ; no date, xxxix. p. 48. QueYard, La France LitMraire, 1838, ix. p. 46. SEND-BRIEF. See ALEXANDER. See EPISTOLA. See SENDSCHREIBEN. part of the Government a fermage of 30,000 frs. per annum, which it wanted for the improvement of its anatomy school. This offer, however, was not accepted. Senac's first work was a translation of Heister's Anatomy, Paris, 1724, and he followed it up by numerous books and papers on various parts of anatomy, physiology and medicine. His works were distinguished alike by erudition and by great literary skill and taste. These, coupled with his successful cure of a dangerous illness which had attacked the Marshal de Saxe in 1745, established his fame. He attended the Marshal in his cam- paigns, and on his death settled at Versailles, where he was made assistant physician of Louis XV., and on the death of Chicoyneau in 1752 he was appointed premier physician, with the title of Councillor of State. He enjoyed a European repu- tation, was a member of the Academy of Sciences and of the Royal Society of Nancy, and superin- tendent of the mineral waters throughout the kingdom. He died 20 Dec. 1770, aged 77. Dezeimeris, Dictionaire Historique de la Mede- cinc, 1839, iv. p. 144. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 390 ; 1849, ii. p. 254 (medical and anatomical works). Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. P- 752- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 902. Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1864, xli. col. 740 (no mention of the present work). Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mldi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1880, viii. p. 604 (article by L. Hahn). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicint 1881, ii. pp. 546, 636. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Vdlker, 1887, v. p. 361. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 872 (medical writings only ; the present work is not included). SENDIMIR VON SIEBENSTERN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH). See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON). See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). 364 SENDIVOGIUS SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Sohn Sendivogii : Filius Sendivogii. See HARPRECHT (jOHANN). Michaelis Sendivogii Chymische Schrifften, darinnen gar deutlich von dem Ursprung, Bereit- und Vollendung des gebenedeiten Steins der Weisen gehandelt wird. Nebst einem kurtzen Vorbericht ans Liecht gestellet durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen Siles. Niirnberg, bey Job. Dan. Taubers seel. Erben. 1718. 8°. Pp. [4, including the frontispiece] 43 [i] 250 (for 350). Title red and black. Folding title : Speculum Philosophicum, at p. i. Title : Vom Mercuric, p. 69. Title : Vom Schwefel, p. 93. Title : Epistolae LV. , between pp. 192-3, red and black. Title : Des Vortrefflichen Abts Synesii aus Griechenland Chymische Schrifften, . . . between 202-3 (302-3), in red and black. Title : Fr. Basilii Valentin! Ordin. Benedict. Via Veritatis ... p. 223 (323). Abhandlung vom Mercur. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die game hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 283. Aenigma philosophicum ad filios veritatis. See THEATRUM CHEM1CUM, 1659, iv. p. 442. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 585. Anrede an die Sohne der Wahrheit iiber das philosophische Rathsel. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii. p. 55. See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 473. See SETON (ALEXANDER), Zwolf Biicher, 1751, p. 63. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 335. Philosophisches Ratzel an die Kinder der Wahrheit. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 350. Parabola seu ^Enigma Philosophicum coronidis & superadditamenti loco adjunctum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 444. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii. p. 59. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 474. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 585- This is identical with the ^ENIGMA PHILOSOPHORUM sive Symbolum Saturni (q.v.). Gleichnifs, oder philosophisches Rathsel. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die gantze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 338. See SETON (ALEXANDER), Zwolf Bucher, 1751, p. 67. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemic, Ander Buch, p. 356. Apographum Epistolarum hactenus ineditarum super Chemia. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 493. The Briefe form a translation of this. SENDIVOGIUS 365 SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued. Michaelis Sendivogii, eines grofsen Philosophen Fiinf und funfzig Briefe, den Stein der Weisen betreffend. Aus dem Lateinischen ubersetzt. Frankfurt und Leipzig, In Johann Georg Fleischers Buchhandlung 1770. 8°. Pp. 152. Dialogus Mercurii, Alchymistae et Naturae. Scriptus in Gratiam Amici Coroades. Auctore eo, Qui DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMat. Colonise, Imprimebat Seruatius Erffens. Anno M. DC. VII. 8°. Pp. 28. This famous dialogue, which forms part of the ou Nouvelle Lumiere de la Phisique Naturelle, Novum Lumen, has been often printed: — Paris, 1629, 12°; La Haye, 1639, 12°; Paris, 1669, Paris, 1608, 12°; Coloniae, 1612, 1614, 12°; 12°; English in J. F.'s translation of the Novum Venice, 1644 ; Wittebergae, 1614, 1623, 12° (with Lumen Chymicum, 1650, p. 59 ; 1674, p. 60 ; and Milller's Miracula) ; in French with the Cosmopolite in Digby's, 1722, p. 93. Colloquium Hermetico-Spagyricum, das ist : ein wunderhofliches, wolgegriindetes Chymisches Gesprach zwischen der Natur, dem Mercuric, und einem Alchymisten. See FIGULUS (BENEDICT/US), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 121. Dialogus Mercurii, Alchymistae et Naturae. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 448. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii., p. 68. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 384. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 475. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 590. Gesprach zwischen dem Merkur, einem Alchemisten, und der Natur. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 346. De Lapide Philosophorum, Tractatus Duodecim, e naturae fonte, & Manuali experientia deprompti. Author sum, qui DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMO. Francofurti, Typis loannis Bringeri, Sumptibus AnthonI Humml. M.DC.XI. 8°. Pp. 64. This is the same as the Novum Lumen Chymicum. 'Ad filios veritatis ; Aenigma Philosophicum,' pp. 53-56. ' Parabola seu Aenigma Philosophorum,' pp. 57-64. Novum Lumen Chymicum, e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum, & in duodecim Tractatus diuisum : Cui accessit, i. Dialogus Mercurij, Alchymistae, & naturae perquam vtilis. 2. Tyrociniu Chymicum loan. Beguini, Christianiss. Regis Francor. Elemosyn. Coloniae, Apud Antonium Boetzerum, sub signo Rubri Leonis. Anno M.DC.XVII. 12°. Pp. [6] 89 [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette. 366 SENDIVOGIUS SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued. The Tyrocinium has a separate pagination, and the following separate title-page (all in black) : Tyrocinium Chymicum e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum. Autore loanne Beguino, Christianiss. Regis Franc. Eleemosynario. Hac postrema editione ab ipsomet autore quam diligentissime recognitum & auctum. Coloniae, Apud Antonium Boetzerum, M.DC.XV. Cum Priuilegio. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 195 [5 blank]. Vignette. As this 1615 edition appears under a 1617 title-page, it looks as if there were two editions. See BEGUIN (JEAN). Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Lumen Chymicum Novum XII. Tractatibus divisum & totidem antiqvis figuris in Germania nuper repertis, notisqj clarissimis illuminatum, renovatum, illustratum Opera & Studio 'Avoids "Qpdos "HAios In gratiam genuinorum Hermetis filiorum publici juris factum. Erphordise Typis Philippi Wittelii Impensis Johannis Birckneri Bibliopolae. Anno M.DC.XXIV. 8°. Sigs. A to E in eights ; or pp. [3] 77 (even numbers on the recto). 13 woodcuts. The commentary is separate, and has this title-page : Epilogus & Recapitulatio in Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Novum Lumen Chymicum Opera & Studio 'Av8p6s*Op6os"H\ios. In gratiam genuinorum Hermetis filiorum pub- lici juris facti Anno M. DC. XXIV. 8°. Sigs. F to V in eights, or pp. [i] 230, but the pagination is irregular. Though the title is in Latin, the book is in German. The Epilogus is by ORTHELIUS, whom see for another copy. With this commentary the following tracts are sophicis, materiam suam ex minore mundo desu- incorporated : mentibus, p. 177. Epistola Andreae de Blawen, geschrieben ad Epistola Cornelii Alvetani Arnsrodii de con- Petrum Andream Matthiolum, in qua agitur de ficiendo Divino Elixire sive Lapide philosophico, multiplici auri potabilis parandi ratione, p. 76. p. 187. Epistola Anonymi de principiis artis Hermeticae, Astronomia inferior, seu Planetarum terrestrium p. 118. motus & variatio, p. 199. Expositio & practica Lapidis Adrop, collecta Rythmi de opere universal!, ex coslo soloque ex libro Plinii Philosophi, qui intitulatur : Aro- prodeunte, p. 208. maticum Philosophorum, Thesaurus & Secretum Extract vnnd Summarischer Inhaldt des Buch- Secretorum, p. 125. leins genandt Gloria Mundi, oder Paradeifs Taffel, Excerpta ex interlocutione Marias prophetissae p. 213. sororis Moysis & Aaronis, habita cum aliquo Philo- Eiri sonderbar Werck, ex Theophrasto redivivo sopho, dicto Arcs, de excellentissimo Opere trium Michaelis Pezelii, p. 224. horarum, p. 129. Das Vrtheil oder Vergleichung des Gotts und Epistola Joannis Pontani, in quade lapide, quern Richters Mercurii ini vralten Ritterkrieg, p. 227. Philosophorum vocant, agitur, p. 149. Rythmi, p. 230. Epistola Haimonis de quatuor Lapidibus philo- Novum Lumen Chymicum. E Naturae fonte & manuali Experientia de- promptum : Cui accessit Tractatus de Sulphure. Authoris Anagramma, DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMO. Genevae. Apud loannem de Tournes, Reipublicae & Academiae Typo- graphum. M.DC.XXXIX. 8°. Pp. 229 [i]. Vignette with the motto : Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris. loannis Aurelii Augurelli P. Ariminensis Chrysopoeia et Vellus Aureum. Quorum ilia emendatissima prodit : hoc ver6 nunc primum ex veteri manuscripto sub typos venit. Editor in sacro accepit baptismate nomen, Expressum literis Graecorum quod tribus, vt sit Ordine NO prima, A\(f>a secunda, et tertia QTJTO,, Tres prsebet totidem Sapientum arcana figuras. • N Ae- Pp.84. SENDIVOGIUS 367 SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued. This was edited by Nath. Albineus, and is prac- fountains of Nature, and Manuall Experience. tically an edition of his Bibliotheca Chemlca Con- To which is added a Treatise of Sulphur ... by tracta (q.v.). The Novum Lumen Chymicum was J. F., M.D. London, 1650, 4°. Second edition, first published at Prague in 1604. Another edition, London, 1674, 8°, as below. This is accompanied edited by Beguinus, was brought out at Paris, 1608. by a tract of Paracelsus and a dictionary. The 12°, pp. [14, 2 blank] 135 [i blank], and there was 'New Light" includes the philosophical Enigma one at Cologne, 1614, 12°. and the dialogue between the Alchymist, Mercury Still another with the Tractatus de Sulphure and Nature. Was J. F. John French, or John appeared at Venice, 1644, small sq. 8°, pp. 223 [i Freake? See FRENCH (JOHN). blank]. Schmieder quotes editions : Frankfurt a. M. . 2. A Philosophical Account of Nature in General 1606, 8°, edited by Rulandus ; Cologne, 1610, 8°. ... by John Digby. London, 1722, 8°, pp. [10] The French translation is entitled Cosmopolite, 348. &c. , from the name of the adept who is the reputed Divi Leschi Genus Amo is an anagram of Michael author of the tract. Sendivogius. There are two English translations : i. A New Light of Alchemy : Taken out of the De Lapide Philosophico Tractatus duodecim. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 417. This is the same as the Novum Lumen. Zwolf Biicher von dem rechten wahren philosophischen Steine. See SETON (ALEXANDER). See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 258. Novum Lumen Chymicum. See MULLER (PHILLIP), Miracula & Mysteria Chymico-Medica, 1623, p. 369. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673. Novum Lumen Chemicum e Natura Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 463. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 545- Commentarius in Novum Lumen Chymicum. See ORTHELIUS. A New Light of Alchymy. See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, &c., 1674, p. i. Cosmopolite ou Nouuelle Lumiere de la Phisique naturelle. Traittant de la constitution generale des Elements simples & des composez. Traduit nouuellement de Latin en Francois. Par le sieur De Bosnay. A Paris, Chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a la Bonne Foy, deuant S. Yues. M.DC.XXVIIII. 8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 103 [i blank]. Includes: ' Enigme Philosophique,' p. 66; and 'Dialogue de Mercure, de 1'Alchymiste, & de Nature,' p. 77. Traicte" du Soulphre, Second Principe de Nature. Faict par le mesme Autheur, qui par cy deuant a mis en lumiere le premier Principe, intitule" le Cosmopolite. Traduit de Latin en Francois par F. Guiraud, Docteur en 368 SENDIVOGIUS SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued. Medecine. Auec plusieurs autres Opuscules du mesme suject. A Paris, chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a la bonne Foy, deuant S. Yue. M.DC.XXVIIII. 8°. Pp. [8] 1-89 [p. 90 is blank]. The added Opuscules are : lacques Girard de Tournus, pp. 63 ; and Jean Oeuvre Royalle de Charles VI. Roy de France, XXII., L'Art Transmutatoire, pp. 39 [i blank], pp. 91-109 [no blank]. Other editions of the French translation are : La Thresor de Philosophic ou Original du Desir Haye, 1639, 12°, pp. [14], 58 ; Traict£ du Soulphre, Desir£ de Nicolas Flamel, pp. 111-152. pp. [8], 49 [i blank, tables 2, 2 blank]; Paris, 1669^ Appended, with separate signatures and pagina- 12° pp. [16], 118 ; Trait6 du Soulphre, pp. [14], tion, are : 105 [3 blank] ; Traite" du Sel, pp. [6] 87 [i blank]! Roger Bachon, De 1'Admirable Pouvoir et Puis- This last tract is not contained in the previous sance de 1'Art & de Nature, ou est traict£ de la editions just mentioned. Schniieder quotes the pierre Philosophale. Traduit en Fran9ois par following : Paris, 1609, 8° ; 1618, 8° ; 1691, 8°. Tractatus de Sulphure altero Naturae principio, ab Authore eo, qui et primum conscripsit principium. Non nobis Domine non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam. ANGELUS DOCE MIHI IUS. Vt possim dijudicare inter verum & falsum. Coloniae, Apud Joannem Crithium sub signo galli. Anno M.D.CXVI. 8°. Pp. [9] 84 [3 blank]. The even numbers fall on the recto. Vignette of a cock, with the motto : Reru Vigilantia Gustos. Angelus doce mihi ius is another anagram of Michael Sendivogius. Tractatus de Sulphure. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracts, 1673, Part ii. p. 89. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 479. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 60 1. Abhandlung vom Schwefel. See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 203. Die geheime Naturlehre. See GEHEIME (Die) Naturlehre der Hermetischen Wissenschaft zur Verfer- tigung des gebenedeyeten Steins der Weisen, nach dem System des edlen Sendivogii, 1770. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 193. Michal Sedziwoj, latinized Sendivogius and Sen- he happened to be in Dresden, and, hearing of divoius, comes first into notice as the person who Seton, carried him off from the prison in which rescued the Scottish adept, Alexander Seton, he was confined, as is narrated under SETON. known as the "Cosmopolite," from the clutches After Seton's death, Sendivogius married the of Christian II. , Elector of Saxony. widow, and thus procured probably the rest of About his origin and birthplace, and many inci- the transmuting powder, as well as Seton's manu- dents of his career, the accounts are most con- script treatise on the stone, by which Sendivogius flicting, and no attempt is made in the following hoped to learn the secret of its preparation. But summary to reconcile them. According to one he failed in this, as the treatise was too obscure, version, he was a Pole, born near Cracow, in Believing that he had now unlimited wealth at 1556, or in 1566, both dates are given ; according his disposal, he began to live in great style, and to another he was the illegitimate son of a committed the error of posing in public as an a Moravian nobleman, and did not like to be adept, forgetful of the misfortunes which had called a Pole. He is said to have received a befallen his predecessor. The report of his deeds good education in a monastery, and to have was bruited far and wide, and he was invited to the acquired a liking for alchemy, which he culti- Court of Poland, where he transmuted silver into vated by study, experiment, and intercourse with gold. Then in 1604 he went to the Emperor, other alchemists. In the course of his journeyings Rudolph II., at Prague, and gave him some of the SENDIVOGIUS 369 SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued. tincture with which the Emperor himself made projection, and put up a marble slab on the wall recording the wonder. But this event was not without serious conse- quences, for on his return journey to Cracow he was waylaid by a Moravian Count, who seized and imprisoned him, making a disclosure of the secret the condition of his liberation. Sendivogius, how- ever, contrived to escape, complained to the Emperor, and the Count had to make compen- sation to Sendivogius in the shape of an estate, which may possibly have been that called Gravarna. He was also invited by Duke Frederick of Wiirtemberg, who cultivated the art and kept a private alchemist, to give a demonstration ot his skill. In 1605 he went to Stuttgard, and was received with much honour. He made two pro- jections, and the Duke was so pleased that he asked him to remain, and offered him the estate of Neidlingen. This, however, did not suit the resident alchemist, von Mullenfels, who planned to rid himself of the adept. This he did by telling Sendivogius that the Duke was only playing with him, and that before long he would torture the secret out of him. Now calling to mind the sufferings of Seton, Sendivogius took alarm at von Miillenfels' warning, and left the Duke suddenly and secretly. But in his flight he was seized in the name of the Duke by emissaries of von Mullenfels, carried to a castle belonging to von Mullenfels, and there kept prisoner and despoiled of everything he pos- sessed, including his transmuting powder. The Duke was unable to understand Sendivogius' dis- appearance, but von Mullenfels, having made some projections with the stolen tincture, was rewarded by receiving the property of Neidlingen. To this he transferred Sendivogius, but gave him an opportunity of escaping, of which Sendivogius speedily availed himself, alter eighteen months' captivity. Meanwhile Sendivogius' wife had got word of her husband's imprisonment, and she complained to the Emperor. Sendivogius himself, after his escape, lodged an accusation against von Mullenfels, who was ultimately tried, confessed upon being threatened with the rack, and was Hoghelande, Bericht von der Alchimey, Leipzig, 1604, pp. 25-51. Zwinger, tipistola, 1606, in Ephemerid. Acad. C 2 blank] ; Podagra tragice producta a Luciano ; interprete M. Erasmo Schmidio, 108-132. [i containing the colophon : Wittebergae, Typis Ambrosii RothI Acad. Typogr. Anno MDC.XXXL] Vignette with the motto : Deo Duce: Comite Lahore. There was another edition in 1653. Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 237. De Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Liber: Cui accessit Appendix de Constitutione Chymiae : Authore Daniele Sennerto, D. & Medic, in. A cad. Witteb. Profes. P. ac Seren. Elect. Sax. Med. Editio Tertia ab Authore adhuc recensita. Cum Gratia & Privileg. Caesar. Rom. Majest. Francofurti & Wittebergae, Sumptibus Hsered: D. Tobiae Mevii, & Elerdi Schumacheri. Anno Christi, M.DC.LV. 4°. Pp. [20] 434 [u, i blank]. Vignette with the motto : Sic vires sumiraus ambo. For a Commentary on this book, see MARTINI (Gregorius). SENNERTUS (DANIEL), CULPEPER (NICHOLAS), COLE (ABDIAH). Thirteen Books of Natural Philosophy : viz. I. Of the Principles, and common Adjuncts of all Natural Bodies. II. Of the Heavens, the World, and Elements. III. Of Action, Passion, Generation, and Corruption. IV. Of Meteors. V. Of Minerals and Metals. VI. Of the Soul in general, and of things Vegetable. VII. Of Animals or living Creatures. VIII. Of Man. Unto which is added Five Books more of Natural Philosophy in several Discourses. IX. Discourse i. Of the Principles of Natural Things. X. Dis. 2. Concerning the Occult and Hidden Qualities. XI. Dis. 3. Of Atomes and 372 SENNERTUS SENNERTUS (DANIEL), ETC. Continued. Mixture. XII. Dis. 4. Of the Generation of Live Things. XIII. Dis. 5. Concerning the Spontaneous Generation of Live Things. Written in Latin and English. By Daniel Sennert9, Doctor of Physick. Nicholas Culpeper, Physitian and Astrologer. Abdiah Cole, Doctor of Physick, and the Liberal Arts. London : Printed by Peter Cole, Printer and Book-seller, and are to be sold at his Shop, at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhill, neer the Royal Exchange. 1660. Folio. Pp. [16] 1-156; 341-530; 161-224. De Unguento Armario. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 585. Sennertus, one of the most learned physicians of his century, was born at Breslau, 25 Nov., 1572. His father, who was a cordwainer, observing his precocity, struggled hard to give him as good an education as possible. He died when Sennertus was thirteen, but his mother, assisted by friends, carried on the father's design and enabled Sennertus to complete his course at school. On 6 June, 1593, in his 2ist year, he was matriculated in the philo- sophical faculty at Wittenberg. His plan was to study the languages and become a teacher in his native place. He worked very hard and in 1598 took the degree of Master, being fourth in a list of fifty-eight. To his arts subjects he now added medicine, and to better his instruction attended the universities of Leipzig, Jena, and Frankfurt on the Oder. In 1601 in order to gain experience, he went to Berlin where he was taken up by Johann Georg Magnus, but being still without a degree, he decided to return to Wittenberg, and there he graduated 10 Sept., 1601. He had now the intention of becoming a practi- tioner in Breslau, but by the call of Johann Jessenius to Prague, a vacancy was caused in the professor- ship of medicine at Wittenberg, and to this he was appointed, 5 Sept., 1602. Sennertus was renowned not only for his learning, skill and success, but for the charm of his manners, his unselfishness and generosity, and his devotion to his patients. His reputation was so great that people came to him from far and near and he was the physician of several princes, among whom was the Elector of Saxony who appointed him in 1628. He threw himself with enthusiasm into his Uni- versity work and attracted students from all parts Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 129. Augustus Buchner, Oratio Panegyrica . . . dicata ac dicta d. xxv. Julij A. ofo locXXXIIX. in Academic. Wittebergensi. (This is also prefixed to his works.) Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 210. Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letterati, Venetia, 1666, Parte Pnma, pp. 258-261, with a portrait. Thomas Bartholinus, De libris legendis Disserta- (tones VII., Hafniae, 1676, Dissert, iv., p. 116; Francofurti, 1711, p. 91. Witte, MemoricB Medicorum nostri seculi claris- simorum renovate Decas Prima, Francof., 1676, pp. 88-112 (reprint of Buchner's 'Oratio Panegy- rica '). Rober, Oratio funebris, Witteb., 1683. of Germany. He was the first to introduce chem- istry as a subject of the medical curriculum and to make a serious effort to harmonise the doctrines of the Galenic medicine with what he considered true in Paracelsus' doctrines. He had held his chair for five and thirty years, when he at last fell a victim to the plague, and died 21 July, 1637, after having escaped six visitations which the disease had previously paid to Witten- berg. He was in his sixty-fifth year. Though of immense learning and fully alive to certain current errors, such as a universal medicine, remedies which physicians kept secret, the deceptions of the so-called alchemists, and the rigid adherence to mere authority by the Galenists, he still believed in transmutation, in the application of astrology to medicine and in the supernatural origin of disease. By opposition to certain dogmas of the Peripatetics he laid himself open to the charge of heresy and blasphemy, and he escaped the consequences of what was then so grave an accusation, by gaining to his view eight faculties of theology whose decision on the points he had solicited. His works, which deal chiefly with medicine and natural history, are very numerous. They were collected and published at Venice, 1645, 3 vols. fol., and they passed through several editions, one of the best being that of Lyons, 1676, 6 vols. fol. His chief contribution to chemistry is the work above mentioned, in which he made the attempt to reconcile the views of the chemists with those of the Peripatetics and Galenists, but it was not successful. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 235, (Lists). Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . In- troductio, 1687, pp. 54 (Intr. cap. ii. § 21), 190 (Intr. v. 10), 245-6 (Intro, vii. 14), 370 (Intr. xi. 6) ; pp. 68 (Add. ii. 21. i), 211 (Add. v. 20. i), 229 (Add. vi. 7. i), 231 (Add. vi. ii. i), 253 (Add. vii. 13. i and 2). Freher, Theatrum mrorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1368, and portrait pi. 63. Witte, Dicirium Biographicum, 1688, 21 Jul., 1637, LI 2 verso. Moller, Homonymo-Scopia hislorico-philologico- critica, Hamburg, 1697, p. 722, No. cxxiii (not to be confused with his son Andreas Sennertus). Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, Genevas, 1710, p. 921. SENNERTUS—SEPTEM 373 SENNERTUS (DANIEL), ETC. Continued. Job. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica, Lips., 1727, p. 289. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, Am- sterdam, 1730, iv. p. 189. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. pp. 245-253. (This contains a reprint of Buchner's oration.) Niceron, Memoires, 1731, xiv. p. 140. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 239, 268-9-70, S43-5'6. 574. 731- James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Speci- men, 1734, p. 220. Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen Historie, 1735, vi. pp. 844 (about atoms), 1272-73, (reconciliation of Galen and the chemists) ; 1736, vii. pp. 729, 732 (his life). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 779- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 479. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. p. 74. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, I75i. »• P- Si3 I "• PP- 595. 600, 697, 736, 882, 971. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 506. Georgius Matthije, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, pp. 481, 532. Portal, Histoire de I Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 370, et passim. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 447. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 344 ; 1777, ii. p. 752- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, p. 290. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii. P- 392. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, PP- 332- 572. Jo. Frid. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam Medicines litterariam, Goettingae, 1786, p. 217. Carl Jos. Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterargeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 232. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 597, 603, 674. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 378. Chaudon & Delandiuc, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 241. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 94. Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 104. Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vii- P- 199- Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 42 ; no date, xxxix. p. 79. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. pp. 284-287, 489. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- cine, 1839, iv. p. 147. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 248 ; 1869, ii. p. 239. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 286, 289, 318. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. pp. 442-445. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 907. Nouvelle Biographie Gfntrale, 1864, xliii. col. 770. Raph. Finkenstein, in Deutsche Klinik, 1868, pp. 21, 63, 81, 125, 153, 181. J. Victor Carus, Geschichte der Zoologie, Miin- chen, 1872, p. 318 (' Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland, Zwolfter Band '). Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. p. 160. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1880, viii. p. 673 (article by A. Dechambre). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 213, 379 (life), 468 ; 1882, iii. p. 422. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 48. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 365. J. Gratzer, Lebensbilder hervorragender schle- sischer Aerzte aus den letzten vier J ahrhunderten , Breslau, 1889, pp. 53-59. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 877. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1892, xxxiv. p. 34 (and references ; article by Markgraf). Herm. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 481. SENTENTIA aut Compositio Litis Spiritus et Judicis Mercurii. Ex vetusto scripto Bellum seu Duellum equestre vocato, ad accusationem & respon- sionem Solis & Martis, per Picturas repraesentata. See URTHEIL (Das) oder Vergleichung des Gotts vnnd Richters Mercurii im vralten Ritterkrieg. This is a German version of the above brief tract. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 519. See also STERNHALS (JOHANN), Ritterkrieg. SEPTALIUS (LUDOVICUS). See SETTALA (LODOVICO). SEPTEM Verba Philosophorum. See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 369. 374 SERMO— SETON SERMO in Turbam Philosophorum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 52. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 465. SERVIUS (PETRUS). Dissertatio de Unguento Armario. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 532. Servius was born at Spoleto, and nourished during the first half of the seventeenth century. He was distinguished as a physician — medicus celeberrimus, Jacobilli calls him — was a keen ad- herent of Galen in many respects, though he departed sometimes from the views of his master, and was professor of the theory of medicine at Rome. Several medical works were composed by Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 256. Thomas Bartholinus, De libris legendis Disserta- tiones VII., Hafniae, 1676, Dissert, ii. p. 39 ; Francof. , 1711, p. 30. Ludovico Jacobilli, Bibliotheca Umbrics, sive de Scriptoribus Provincice Umbrice, Fulginiae, 1685, p. 226. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 875 (Trevus), 906 (Servius). Conring, In Universam Artem Mtdicam. , . . In- troductio, 1687, p. 133 (Add. iii. 37. 3 ; commended by Schelhammer). Jo. Herm. Furstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lips., i727. P- 379- Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 259 (Servius). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 784- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. p. 560. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller 1751, p. 476 ; ii. pp. 697, 738, 885. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1751, iv. col. 534. him ; the above : Dissertatio de Unguento Ar- mario, sive de naturae artisque miraculis, appeared at Rome, 1642, 8°. In his book, ' De sero lactis,' in which he had a controversy with Steph. Rodericus Castrensis, he made an anagram of his name and called himself Persius Trevus. He died at Rome in 1648. and was buried in the church of Maria Angelorum. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 431. Portal, Histoirede I'Anatomieetde la Chimrgie, 1770, ii. p. 622. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 378 (list of his writings). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 335. (' De unguento armario ' ; ' liber plenus fabulis, variisque miraculis, quae magno numero congerit, ut fabuloso unguento fidem facial '). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 597, § DLXI. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiijue de la Medecine, 1778, p. 262. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 205. Biographie Universelle, 1849, Supp. Ixxii. p. 154 ; no date, xxxix. p. 163. Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3etne Se'rie, 1881, ix. p. 434. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 373. SETON (ALEXANDER). Alexand. Sitonii aus Schottland eines wahren Besitzers der Kunst Zwolf Biicher von dem rechten wahren Philosophischen Steine. Aus einer sehr alten Handschrift. Als des grossen und kleinen Bauers Chymischer Biicher Zweyter Theil. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1751. 8°. Pp. [12] 76. This contains also : Ein philosophisch Gleichnifs oder Ralzel als Philosophische Ratzel, an die Kinder der eine Gabe hinzugeselzt, p. 67. Wahrheit, p. 63. This work is identical with the Novum Lumen Chymicum, published by Sendivogius (q.v.). [Another Copy.] Among the reputed adepts no one had a more circumstantial history, or one supported by more trustworthy authorilies, than Alexander Seton. His name has been modified in various ways, and appears as Setonius, Sitonius, Sedonius, Sidonius, Sutoneus, Suchthenius, Sydon, and he is known also as the ' Cosmopolite. ' His story is briefly this : In the summer of 1601, a Dutch skipper, Jakob Hanssen (or Haussen ?) by name, was driven ashore by stress of weather at Seton, near Edinburgh, where he was rescued and hospitably enterlained by ihe said Alexander, who apparenlly belonged to the family of lhal ilk, and who helped him lo gel his vessel repaired and to send him back to Holland. The following spring, Seton arrived al Enkhuysen on a visil to his former guest and stayed a short time with him, and as iheir inlimacy increased, Seton informed his friend that he knew the art of SETON 375 SETON (ALEXANDER). Continued. transmutation. To convince him that it was so, he changed some lead into gold and with a needle inscribed the date, 13 May, 1602, 4 P.M., and gave it him as a memento. Hanssen afterwards confided an account of this affair to his friend and physician, Joannes van der Linden, and gave him a piece of the gold. Fifty years later his son, J. Antonides van der Linden, the author of the medical bibliography, who was in Amsterdam and knew the whole occurrence, was still in possession of the gold. He showed it to Morhof, who is the authority for the preceding narrative. From Enkhuysen Seton went to Amsterdam and Rotterdam, whence he is supposed to have travelled to Italy, for nothing definite is heard about him till the following year, when he was on his way back to Germany and was encountered by Dr. Dienheim, who gives a narrative which may be outlined. ' In midsummer, 1603,' he says, ' as I was returning from Rome to Germany, I made acquaintance with a fellow-traveller, elderly, intelligent, unusually shy, small but well set up, of fresh colour and cheerful temperament, with a chestnut-brown beard cut in the French fashion, and dressed in a damasked black silk tunic. He had a servant, who could be known among a thousand by his red hair and beard. His name was Alexander Setonius, and he came from Molia, an island kingdom in the ocean. 1 In Zurich, where Pastor Eghlin gave him a letter to Dr. Zwinger in Basel, we hired a boat to take us to Basel by water. After we were settled there in the Golden Stork, he said to me : You will remember how throughout the whole journey, and especially on board the boat, you have repudiated alchemy and reviled the alchemists, and how I have said that I would reply not with arguments but with matters of fact. Before the sun sets I will keep my word. I am now waiting for another person, who, I intend, shall be a witness of the demonstration, so that the adversary may have less doubt as to the truth of the event. ' Thereupon appeared a man, whom I knew by sight, and who, I subsequently ascertained, was Dr. Zwinger. We all went to a goldsmith's ; Dr. Zwinger brought some plates of lead, the goldsmith supplied a crucible, and some common sulphur we bought on the way. Seton touched nothing, but bade a fire be kindled, the lead and sulphur be placed time about in the crucible, the bellows be turned on, and the mass be stirred together. Meantime he cracked jokes with us, but after a quarter of an hour he said : Throw this little paper into the melted lead, and see that it goes right in and not into the fire. The paper contained a heavy greasy powder of a citron yellow colour, but it would have taken lynx eyes to detect it on the point of a knife. ' We did as he bade us, though more sceptical than Thomas himself, and, at the end of another quarter of an hour when the mass was in fusion and had been stirred with a glowing iron, the goldsmith was directed to empty the crucible. Lead was no longer there, but the purest gold, which after test- ing was found far superior to gold from Hungary or Arabia. It weighed as much as the previous lead. ' There we stood, hardly believing our eyes, but he laughed and bantered us. Now, said he, be off with your scholastic subleties and argue to your heart's content. Here you have the truth in reality, and that is far better than all your syllogisms. He gave a piece of the gold to Dr. Zwinger as a remembrance, and I got a piece weighing about four ducats, which I preserve in memory of the great demonstration.' At the request of Dr. Schobinger of St. Gallen, Dr. Jacob Zwinger (q.v. ) afterwards in 1606 wrote an account of the occurrence in a Latin epistle, printed by Professor Emanuel Konig in the ' Ephemerides ' of the Academia Naturae Curios- orum (Norib., 1600, Dec. ii.) It agrees with Dienheim's narrative, and from it it also appears that Seton gave another example of his skill, and the portion of the gold which Zwinger got was pre- served in his family. Seton apparently went next to Strasburg, and though he concealed his name and took that of Hirschberger, he may have been the adept who inadvertently caused trouble to a goldsmith there. It was in the summer of 1603 that a stranger came to this goldsmith, whose name is given variously as Philip Jacob Gustenhofer, Gusstenhover, Gusten- hover, Gossenhauer, Gassenhauer, Justenhofer, and did some work in his place. In return the stranger gave him a little red powder and showed him how to use it, and Gustenhofer having incautiously shown its effects to his friends, soon had a report spreading that he could make gold. The affair was investigated by a committee of the Council, gold was again produced, one specimen at least of which remained and was still in existence in 1647. The story at length reached the ears of the Emperor Rudolph, who requested Gustenhofer to be sent to him. When he was questioned he stated that he was unable to make the powder, that the portion he had received was exhausted, and he effected his escape. He was apprehended again, however, and was kept in the 'White Tower," for the Emperor was convinced that he knew more than he would reveal, and his story forms part of the poem on the alchemists written by de Delle, the Court poet, and printed in the ' Fegfeuer,' and afterwards in ' Jungfer Alchimia,' 'Beytrag,' and by Schmieder. It is to be observed, however, that it is only Schmieder who couples this incident with Seton, the other authorities making no reference whatever to him in this connection. From Strasburg Seton proceeded to Frankfurt a. M. He made acquaintance there with a merchant called Koch, who, with a powder which was given him by Seton, effected a transmutation as he des- cribes in a letter to Hoghelande. Cologne is the next place where Seton is heard of, and here he called on an alchemist, Anton Verde- mann, with whom he stayed some time. In a visit to an apothecary's, where he wanted to buy some lapis lazuli, he heard certain persons denying the reality of transmutation, which irritated him very much. Next day, in the apothecary's shop, he trans- muted first a quantity of antimony, and afterwards lead, to which the apothecary had added a piece of tin. Gold of the finest quality was produced in both trials, much to the apothecary's surprise. With a fellow-countryman, a surgeon, called Master George, a fell opponent of the alchemists, he had another experiment, in which he converted lead and iron into gold. The surgeon, now con- vinced of the reality of the art, warned Seton of the risk he was running in making such public demon- strations. This took place on n August, 1603. The Cologne people were divided in their opinions, but both the son of the goldsmith, in whose place the trial took place, and his assistants maintained the truth of the facts and the absence of any deception. The next place Seton visited was Hamburg, and here, according to Morhof, he made several impor- tant projections. 376 SETON SETON (ALEXANDER). Continued. A story is told by Zwelffer about what took place at Helmstadt (though the scene has been placed at Rostock and other Universities), where Cornelius Martini, professor of philosophy, was in the habit of stating arguments against the possibility of transmutation. One day when he had concluded, a stranger in the audience called for a charcoal fire, a crucible, and some lead, and when these were procured, there and then transmuted the lead and handed the still warm gold to Martini with the words : ' Solve mihi hunc syllogismum. ' Schmieder tries to connect this event also with Seton, but others who tell the story make no allusion to him. It may be admitted, however, that if Seton were not actually concerned in it, it is very much after his manner of showing the opponents of transmu- tation the error of their views. Seton went to Munich, but lived quite privately. He had seen a burgher's daughter, and together they disappeared from Munich, and Seton was not heard of until he arrived at Dresden, presumably to resume his propaganda. His companion, called William Hamilton, whom he had entrusted with his powder, had changed lead into fine gold in presence of the Elector and his guests. After this Hamilton returned by Holland to England, but Seton stayed on. He could hardly have chosen a more dangerous place than Dresden. The Elector, Christian II., who succeeded in 1601, unlike his predecessors Augustus, who was the patron of Beuther and Schwartzer, and Christian I., who also retained the services of the latter alchemist, had no belief whatever in alchemy, but after what he had just seen, his greed was aroused, and he contrived to get Seton into his power. At first he treated him well, in hope of persuading him to reveal the secret, but not succeeding he threatened and then tortured his victim. Seton was put on Ewaldus de Hoghelande, Histories aliquot Trans- mutationis metallic®, 1604, pp. 13-23 ; in German, 1604, pp. 25-51. Dienheim, Medicina Universalis, Argentorati, 1610, cap. 24, pp. 64-68. Thomas Dempster, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum, Bononias, 1627, p. 603 (lib. xvii. No. 1087). Fridericus Greiffius, Decas Nobilissimorum Medi- camentorum, Galeno-Chymico modo compositor-urn &* prceparatorum, . . . quorum agmen ducit : Theriaca Chymica sen Coelestis Quercetani, Tubin- §se, 1641, p. 30 (Pulvis diasolis Alexandri Sidonii coti). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 147-8, 211. Pierre Borel, Tresor de Recherches et Antiquitez Gauloises et Francoises, 1655, p. 474. Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Dis- sertatio, 1668, p. 144. Johann Zwelfer, Pharmacopoeia Augustana reformata . . . Authore Joanne Zwelfer , . . cui annexa est ejusdem Authoris Pharmacopoeia Regia vt 6-° Mantissa Spagyrica. Accesstre . . . bini discursus apologetici contra Otth. Tachenium &* Francisc. Verny., Dordrechti . . . 1672, pp. 796- 797. (In the 'Mantissa Spagyrica,' there is a section on the essence of gold which is a reply to Kircher and a defence of transmutation. In it he gives a drawing of the Prague Medal, struck from the gold produced by the projection of one grain of the tincture upon mercury performed by the Emperor Ferdinand III. himself. There is no allusion to Seton or Sendivogius.) Morhof, De htetallorum Transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 62, 148. the rack, and burned with red hot irons, but he confessed nothing, and a second course of torture some time later made no further impression. Seeing that this method was unavailing, and that he might die and take the secret with him, the Elector immured him in a noisome dungeon where he was watched by forty soldiers of the body guard, who relieved each other at intervals. His wife was not allowed to visit him. At Dresden, there was living at this time Michael Sendivogius, a Polish nobleman, as he is usually called. He was interested in alchemy and had heard of Seton, and it occurred to him that if he could rescue the adept from his prison, he might be rewarded by being told the mystery of the 'stone.' He ingratiated himself with the Elector, and obtained permission to visit the prisoner on the plea that he might be able to persuade him to disclose the secret. As soon as he got an oppor- tunity he laid his plan of rescue before Seton, who promised him an am pie re ward if he was successful. Upon this, Sendivogius went to Cracow, sold a house he had there, and, with the price and some other moneys which he got, returned to Dresden. He now visited the prisoner frequently, became very friendly with the keeper, and treated the soldiers liberally. One evening, on the occasion of a festival, he plied the guards so freely with wine that they were helpless from intoxication. Sendivogius carried away Seton, who was too maimed and mutilated to walk, put him into a carriage, drove to his wife's lodging, got her and the ' tincture,' and set off as fast as they could to the frontier, and never stopped till they arrived at Cracow. Seton survived only a short time, and died in January, 1604. See also the note upon Sendivogius. Teeda trifida chimica, das ist : Dreyfache chimische Fackel, Niirnberg, 1674, Vorrede sig. ) : ( vj recto; Dienheim's ' Universal- Artzney,' Cap. xxiv. p. 78. Jakob Zwinger, in Ephemerid. Acad. Cie, 1881, ix. p. 450. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 109. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vdlker, 1887, v. p. 456 (under Soerensen (Peder) ). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 917. Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 136,539, 588('Epistola'). SEVERING (SCIPIONE). Filosofia, Alchimia, seii scienza vigoratiua dell' anima aurea. Del Nobile D. Scipione Severino Napolitano. In Venetia, 1695. 8°. Pp. no- [i] [i blank]. MS. Index. Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 318) quotes a work by this same person : Trionfo delt Alchimia, Venetia, 1691, 8°. SEYFRID QOHANN HEINRICH). Medulla Mirabilium Naturae. Das ist : Auserlesene, unter den Wundern der Natur, aller verwunderlichste Wunder, von Erschaffung der Natur, Himm- lischen Firmaments, Sternen, Planeten, und Cometen ; als auch dieser sichtbarn Welt, und des Meers. Defsgleichen, in Brunnen, Fliissen, Seen, und dem Meer ; Auf, an, und in Gebiirgen, Erden, und Insulen : Wie auch, etzlichen Thieren, Baumen, Friichten und Gewachsen. In Europa, Asia, Africa, und America. Aus hiernachst-benandten Autoren zusammen getragen und beschrieben ; sammt beygefugten Kupffern. Durch Johann Heinrich Seyfrid, Marco-Brettano Francum ; Hoch-Fiirstl. Durchl. zu Pfaltz-Sultzbach Hof-Bedienten. Sultzbach, In Verlegung Johann Hofmanns, Kunst- und Buch-Handlers in Niirnberg, Druckts Abraham Lichten thaler, 1679. 8°. Pp. [78, engraved title included] 742. Index [31, i bl.]. 54 plates, some torn and imperfect. 380 SEYFRID—SGOBBIS SEYFRID (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued. Beyond what the author says of himself on the above : Wonderen der Natuer van fruchten planten title-page I have found nothing. He and his book en kruyden, Haag, 1694, 4°, and adds, Germanice are merely mentioned by Jocher. Haller quotes Niirnberg, 1694, 8°. what appears to be a Dutch translation of the Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1773, ii. p. 18. iv. col. 547. SGOBBIS (ANTONIO DE). Nuouo, et Vniuersale Theatro Farmaceutico. Fondato sopra le Preparation! Farmaceutiche scritte da' Medici Antichi, Greci, & Arabi; principalmente da Galeno, e Mesue. Appoggiato sopra le Preparationi, dette Spagiriche, gia da gli Antichi, in parte, abbozzate, ma da piu Moderni Medici illustrate, e meglib coltiuate ; scritte dal Beguino, Crollio, Hartmanno, Libauio, Min- sicht, Paracelso, Quercetanno, Sennerto, & Altri : Rappresenttante e le vne, e 1' altre Preparationi, per Fondamenti vnitamente necessarij alia vera, & artificiosa Methodo Farmaceutica : Adornato, et ampliato oltre le Fabriche, e Compositioni Medicinali, in qualsisia Forma fabricabili, contenute ne gli Antidotarij Veneti di Giorgio Melichio, aumentato da Alberto Stecchini, gia Farmacopei nella Officina dello Siruzzo (sic), e ne gli altri (sin al presente, con le Stampe, publicati) Antidotarij de piu accreditati Autori, e delle piu rinomate Citta d' Europa, Anuersa, Augusta, Bergamo, Bologna, Colonia Agrippina, Fiorenza, Londra, Messina, Roma, & Altre; con quelle Fabriche, e Compositioni ancora, le quali fossero state descritte da gli piu lodati Scrittori dell' Arte Medica, ouer inuentate da' piu dotti Lettori, e Professori della Medesima : Abondantissimo non solo de gli Insegnamenti, dati da i nominati Antecessori, di nuouo reuisti, ma* ancora de tutti gl' altri Auuertimenti, appartenenti alia intiera, legitima, e perfetta Dispositione, Alteratione, Fabrica, Vnione, e Compositione di tutte le Materie Medicinali Semplici, e Composte, cauabili da Animali, Vegetabili, e Mineral! : Necessario a ciascheduno Farmacopeio : Vtile ad ogni Medico, & Amatore della Medicina: Curioso per gli Inuestigatori delle piu desiderate, et artificiosi Preparationi Spagiriche : Eretto, et esposto alia luce da Antonio de Sgobbis da Montagnana Farmacopeio all' Insegna dello Struzzo fu Coadiutore nella Officina Farmaceutica Pontificia della S. S. di PP. Vrbano VIII. di F. M. Aggregate al Celebre Romano, e gia Priore del Nobile Veneto Collegio de gli Farmacopei. Consagrato all' Augusta, ed Immortal Maesta' del Prencipe Serenissimo, et Eccellentissimo Senate di Venetia. In Venetia, M DC LXVII. Nella Stamparia luliana, Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio. A Spese dell' Authore. Si Vende Appresso Gio: Giacomo Hertz, Libraro all' Insegna della Naue in Merceria. Folio. Pp. [10] 62 [4] ; [2] 880 [2 blank, 32]. Engraved title extra. Vignette, i plate of portraits, i plate of symbols, 2 plates of apparatus, large folding table. An edition of Venetia, P. Baglioni, 1682, fol. 4 1731, II. ii. p. 261, quotes only the edition of p.l., 820 pp., 2 pi., i tab., 1 1., port., is quoted by 1682. Billings, as well as the preceding, Index-Catalogue, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 377, 1691, xii. p. 965. quotes only the edition of 1667. Mangel, Bibliothtca Scriptorum Medicorum, Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 494, quotes an edition : Venet. 1662. SHA W—SHERLE Y SHAW (PETER). See BOYLE (ROBERT), The Philosophical works, by Peter Shaw. Legons de Chymie, propres a perfection ner la Physique, le Commerce et les Arts. Par M. Pierre Shaw, Premier Me'decin du Roi d'Angleterre. Traduites de 1'Anglois. Providentissime commissos correxit errores, perpolivit vera, abusu emendate, aucto usu, certa, pura, atque ab utili laudatissima jam colitur nobilis scientia. Boerrhave de Chemid sues errores expurgante. A Paris, Chez Jean Thomas Herissant, rue Saint-Jacques, a S. Paul & a S. Hilaire. M.DCC.LIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roi. 4°. Pp. [4] cv [3] 471 [i blank]. Peter Shaw, son of Robert Shaw, M.A., master of the Grammar School at Lichfield, was born there probably about 1694. There is no indication of the place of his education in medicine and chemistry, but he was practising in London in 1726. He obtained subsequently the degree of M.D. , and on 25 June, 1740, was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians, and soon obtained a large practice. In 1752 he was appointed extraordinary physician to George II. and was also made doctor of medicine at Cambridge. On 16 April, 1753, he was admitted candidate, and on 8 April, 1754, fellow of the College of Physicians. This same year he was appointed physician-in- ordinary to the king, and held the same office under George III., but only for a short time. He died 15 March, 1763, and was buried in Wimbledon church. His portrait is in the College, and a short ' £loge ' of him was given by Dr. Richard Warren, his son-in-law, in his Harveian oration. Though busily engaged in practice, Shaw was a Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 173. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 802. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 61, 62, 94 ; ii. pp. 939, 1030, 1032. Richard Warren, Oratio ex Harveii institute habita in Theatre Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensis XV. Cal. Hovemb., MDCCLXVIII., Londini: apud M. Hingeston. MDCCLXIX., 4°, pp. 11-13. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 172 (chemical writings). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 212 (surgical writings). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 266. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 285. Bowyer, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, ed. Nichols, 1815, ix. p. 763. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1816, xxvii. p. 423. diligent author. Besides Boyle's works he edited also those of Lord Bacon ; translated and wrote works on pharmacy, translated the treatise of F. Hoffmann on mineral waters, and wrote his own 'Inquiry into the Contents and Virtues of the Scarborough Spa,' Lend., 1734, 8°; translated Boerhaave's ' Institutions Chemise,' Lond., 1727, 4°, and Stahl's 'Collegium Jenense,' Lond., 1730. He also wrote ' Three essays in Artificial Philosophy or Universal Chemistry,' Lond., 1731, 8°; 'An Essay for introducing a Portable Laboratory,' Lond., 1731, 8° ; ' Chemical Lectures read in London in 1731 and 1732, and in Scarborough in 1733. f°r tne improvement of Arts, Trades and Natural Philosophy,' Lond., 1734, 8°; 'Essays for the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com- merce, by means of Chemistry,' Lond., 1761, 8°; ' Proposals for a course of Chemical Experiments, with a view to Practical Philosophy, Arts, Trade and Business,' Lond., 1761, 8° ; and some other books. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 212. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 251 ; no date, xxxix. p. 249. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- cine, 1839, iv. p. 154. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. P- 677- John Thomson, Life, Lectures and Writings of William Cullen, M.D., Edinburgh, 1859, i. p. 39. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 918. Wm. Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 2nded., 1878, ii. pp. 190-194. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme Serie, 1881, ix. p. 505. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 381. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 971 (English, London [1734], 8°, is quoted, but not the French). Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, Ii. p. 442 (article by W. W. Webb). SHERLEY (THOMAS). See ELSHOLTZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND), The Curious Distillatory, 1677. 382 SHE RLE Y—SIEBENFREUND SHERLEY (THOMAS). Continued. Sherley, or Shirley, according to Wood's account, was born in the parish of St. Margaret, West- minster, and was baptised 15 Oct. , 1638. When a boy he lived with his father in Magdalen College while the king's troops were in Oxford. He went to France, studied medicine and graduated there, and on his return practised with great distinction, and was made physician-in-ordinary to Charles II. He published a treatise on the Stone, 1672 (1671), translated V. A. Moellenbroek's Cochlearia Curiosa, or the Curiosities of Scurvy Grass ; Medicinal Councels, 1677, and a Treatise of the Gout, 1676, Wood, Atlience Oxonienses, 1721, i. col. 552; ii. col. 725 ; ed. Bliss, 1815, ii. cols. 497, 498 ; 1820, iv. col. 77. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, pp. 126, 129. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 815 (nephew of the traveller). Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 620, 745, 1020, 1042. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 557. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iii. p. 424. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 396. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1778, iv. p. 267. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, "'• p. 329 (' hypotheses '). both by Turquet de Mayerne, and the present work of Elsholtz. 'He died of grief 5 Aug., 1678, and was buried in the S.W. vault under part of St. Brides Church near Fleetstreet. His grief arose upon a just sus- picion that he should be totally defeated of an estate in Sussex [called Wiston] worth about .£3000 a year descended to him from his great grandfather. There was a great stir about this in Parliament at the time.' His treatise on Calculus was translated into Latin and published at Hamburg, 1675, 12°. ' The facts are of use, but the theory is no longer of interest.' Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. in (inflammable gas from a spring in Lancashire), 240 (on Calculus). Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 26 (inflammable well in Lancashire), Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 213. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, i. P- 533- Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- cales, 1881, 3eme Se'rie, ix. p. 510. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 38^. Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, Iii. p. 90 (by E. Irving Carlyle). SHORT discourse of the Quintessence of Philosophers. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. SIC Sol duplus abundat in Auris. See BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). SIDONIUS (ALEXANDER). See SETON (ALEXANDER). SIEBENFREUND (SEBASTIAN). See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, tratum, pp. 61-67. Though Siebenfreund has left no writing behind him, yet, because in his untimely end both Sebald Schwartzer (q.v.) and Leonhard Thurneisser (q.v.} are involved, and because one account of the circum- stances is given in the present volume, I have thought it more suitable to describe in this place what is said to have happened than to put it in the notice of either of the two accused actors. In this work there is contained one version of the adventures and end of this reputed adept ; another, differing in certain parts, is to be found in Keren Happuch. The above account is told apparently by an eyewitness, a companion or ser- vant of Siebenfreund's, and it is written in a frag- mentary and abrupt style, as if it were a series of mere notes, or jottings. 1705 ; ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concen- Siebenfreund was the son of a cloth -shearer, born at Schleuditz or Schkeuditz, not far from Leipzig. He attached himself to a Polish gentle- man, accompanied him to Italy, and, on the demise of his patron, entered a monastery 'Canonicorum regularium' at Verona. Here an old monk took a liking to him, and on his death- bed confided to Siebenfreund the secret of the philosophical tincture and a writing about it. Siebenfreund went to Prussia, and resided in the monastery of Oliva at Elbing where he worked out the process in some nine months, and departed to Germany to enjoy freedom as he wished. At Hamburg, in the Golden Lion where he was lodg- ing, there was a Scottish nobleman who had been suffering for three weeks unbearable pains from S1EBENFRE UND—SIEBMA CHER 383 SIEBENFREUND (SEBASTIAN). Continued. gout and arthritis. He was in such a state that he was hardly conscious, but Siebenfreund told him that they would sup together in twenty-four hours. Siebenfreund gave him three drops ol tincture in a little wine, covered him up and left him to sleep. After some time Siebenfreund woke him, took him out of bed, changed the bed clothes, gave him another dose and let him sleep for nine hours. At the end of that time the pains were gone, the patient got up, dressed, and sat down to supper as he had been told. In the company were two Wittenberg students and a person from Zwickau, 'a bad rascal,' who instigated the nobleman to ask about the medicine, as he might need it again. He elicited the fact that it was the 'stone,' and Siebenfreund before him changed a tin spoon partially into gold, which he bestowed upon him. He then went on to Wittenberg, taking a different route from what he had announced, for he was suspicious of these others. At the end of four months the students discovered him, and they were joined by the nobleman and Thurneisser from Berlin. Siebenfreund had a foreboding of mis- chief, though he was in his ordinary health. Returning from a wedding, he was seen by the students who invited him to have a drink with them. Overcome by the wine he was placed on a bed, Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 101. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 33-42. Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 352 (mur- dered by ' Thurnhauser ' and others). Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriflen, ed. Petraeus, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. e8 recto. and after two hours they murdered him, and threw the body into the town ditch, where it was not discovered for a couple of years. After the murder they then dispersed. The companion opened his master's box and found the writing, but the tincture was gone. He then travelled about constantly in Moravia, Austria, Styria, Italy, Switzerland and elsewhere. The robbers all came to an untimely end. Amongst these he distinctly names Thur- neisser, and some say that the ' rascal ' from Zwickau was Sebald Schwartzer, but, assuming that there is a substratum of fact in the story at all, there is no evidence that he had anything to do with the affair. The fate of the companion or servant is told in Keren Happuch. For three years he was pursued by one of the students, by name Martin Weiss, who wanted to get the writing. They ultimately met in a wood near Klausthal, and Weiss suddenly stabbed the servant. But in so doing he also cut through the book, which was so covered with blood that it was rendered illegible. Weiss had a miserable death in Holstein. This story with the variations upon it has been sharply criticised by Schmieder, who has pointed out its want of authenticity and the intrinsic impro- bability of some of the details. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785, pp. 233-237 (from Keren Happuch and Quadratum Alchymisticum) \ 491. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 286. Figuier, L'Alchemie et les Alchimistes, 1856, P- 134- SIEBEN-GESTIRN. See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestim. Under this heading, 1675, there is quoted (see hochsten Geheimnifs zu kommen hell und klar above, i. p. 21) from the Beytrag, 1785, p. 626, an gezeiget wird. Aus dem Latein ins Deutsche edition of 1756. Its full title is as follows : iibersetzt. Frankfurt am Mayn, Bey Job. Friedrich Alchymistisch Sieben-Gestirn, Das ist : Sieben Fleisches, 1756, 8", pp. 224. Each of the tracts schone und auserlesene Tractatlein, vom Stein der has a title-page. Weisen, darinn der richtige Weg zu solchem aller- SIEBENSTERN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH SENDIMIR VON). See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINAND VON). See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). SIEBMACHER QOHANN AMBROSIUS). Das Giildne Vliefs, oder das Allerhochste, Edelste, Kunstreichste Kleinod, und der uralteste verborgene Schatz der Weisen, in welchem da ist die Allgemeine Materia Prima, derselben nothwendige Preparation und iiberaus reiche Frucht des Philosophischen Steins augenscheinlich gezeiget und klarlich dargethan. Philosophischer und Theologischer Weise beschrieben, und zusammen verfasset durch einen ungenannten, doch wohlbekannten &c. Ich Sags Nicht. Sir. xxxni. 17. 1 8. Ich bin der Letzte auferwacht, wie einer, der im Herbst nachlieset; und Gott hat mir den Segen dazu gegeben, dafs ich meine 384 SIEBMACHER SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS). Continued. Kelter auch voll gemacht habe, wie im vollen Herbst. Schauet, wie ich nicht fur mich gearbeitet habe, sondern fur alle, die da gerne lernen wollen. Niirnberg, Bey Johann Adam Schmidt. 1737. 8°. Pp. [14] 1-196 [5] 198-208 [2]. Folding table. 4 engraved plates. Title red and black. Guldenes Vliefs. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p 145. Wasserstein der Weysen, das ist, ein Chymisch Tractatlein, darin der weg gezeiget, die Materia genennet, vnd der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem hohen geheymnufs der Vniuersal Tinctur zukommen, vor diesem niemalen gesehen. Darbey auch zwey sehr nutzliche andere Biichlein der gleich- formigkeit vnd Concordantz wegen angehenckt, Nemlich, I. lohan von Mesung. II. Via veritatis der einigen warheit. Zum vorschub in offenen truck gefertiget. Francofurti. Bey Lucas Jennis zufinden. Anno 1619. 8°. Pp. 272. This is the first edition. Wasserstein der Weisen oder Chymisches Tractatlein, darinn der Weg gezeiget, die Materia genennet, und der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem hohen Geheimniifs der Universal-Tinctur zu kommen. Dabey auch zwey sehr nutzliche andere Biichlein der Gleichformigkeit und Concordantz wegen angehangt : Nemlich I. Johann von Mesung. II. Via Veritatis, der einigen Wahrheit. Vormalen durch Lucas Jennis aufsgeben. Nunmehro aber wiederumb Neu auffgelegt, und noch dabey gefiiget zwey Respons : von dem F. R. C. So an etlichen Ihro Zugethanen abgefertiget. Franckfurt am Mayn, Verlegts Johann Maximilian von Sand. Anno M D CCIV. 8°. Pp. 206 (minus 15-16). Frontispiece and vignette. Wasserstein der Weisen, oder Chymisches Tractatlein, darinn der Weg gezeiget, die Materia genennet, und der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem hohen Geheimnifs der Universal-Tinctur zu kommen ; Dabey auch zwey sehr nutzliche andere Biichlein der Gleichformigkeit und Concordantz wegen angehangt: I. Johann von Mesung. II. Via Veritatis, der einigen Wahrheit. Vormahlen durch Lucas Jennis ausgegeben ; Nunmehro aber wiederum neu aufgelegt, und noch dabey gefiiget zwey Responsa von dem F. R. C. so an etlichen ihro Zugethanen abgefertiget. Franckfurt und Leipzig, auf Kosten guter Freunde. MDCCXLIII. 8°. Pp. 197 [i blank]. Frontispiece. SIEBMA CHER—SIGISMUNDUS 385 SIEBMACHER QOHANN AMBROSIUS). Continued. Hydrolithus Sophicus seu Aquarium Sapientum. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 537. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 73. Wasserstein der Weisen. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 156. See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 365. In the Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, No. 1180, there is an edition of Das Giildne Vliefs, Leipzig, Samuel Benj. Walther, 1736, 8°, pp. xiv. 210, 4 plates. Kopp quotes this 1736 edition under the letters J. is. N. J. S. N. stand for Ich Sags Nicht, the initials of which are apparently meant for Johann Siebmacher Niirnbergensis. The same initials occur at the end of the Vorrede : In Seinem Namen ; at the end of some verses : 1st Sein Nam, and in the date : Anno lesu Salvatoris Nostri, MDCVII. The same phrase: Ich Sags Nicht, was also used by a certain Sonneberger in his preface to Montanus' work (q.v.), but whether this was another person or only another name of the polypseudonymous author of the ' Wasserstein der Weisen,' I am unable to say. Other editions of this book enumerated are : Frankfurt, 1609, 1661, 1760. Most of the historians are agreed about the author, and call him Ambrosius, or Johann Am- brosius, Siebmacher ; whereas Fictuld in one place calls him Johann Antonio, in another Johann Ambrosius, Siebmacher. He lived in Niirnberg and Augspurg about the beginning of the seven- teenth century, and this book of his, entitled Wasserstein, was highly esteemed, but nothing is said about the author except that some suppose he was Grosschedel. Arnold, however, quotes from a list of MSS. : " Hydrolitus Sophicus, s. philosophia aquarum sapientum," and says that it is ascribed Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 31, No. xlvii. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. no. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 429 (Th. iii. c. xi. § 19). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 572. Montanus, Grundliche Anweisung, *u der wah- ren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, 1751, Vorrede, b4 verso. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 84, 161. Beytrag *ur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, pp. 495, 605. along with the rest to a certain E. P. J. H., an enlightened Magus, Cabalist and Philosopher. E. P. J. H. stands for Ericus Pfeffer, Itzehoensis Holsatus, q.v. An English translation of it was published along with a tract by Paracelsus : — Paracelsus his Aurora, & Treasure of the Philo- sophers. As also the Water-Stone of the Wise Men ; Describing the matter of, and manner how to attain the universal Tincture. Faithfully Englished. And Published by J. H. Oxon. Lon- don, Printed for Giles C'alvert, and are to be sold at the Black Spred Eagle, at the West end of Pauls, 1659. Small 8°, pp. [8] 229 [3]. The ' Water-Stone ' occupies pp. 77-229. In his address to the reader J. H. says that ' The Water-stone hath the testimony of that inlightned man Jacob Behmen, in his 23. Epistle. It is (in truth) a discourse so sober, its title so modest, and the plain-hartedness of the Author so evident, that it will be but lost labour to commend that which is so really excellent.' Kopp, too, alludes to Bohme's high appreciation of the ' Wasserstein.' There was a Johann or Hans Sibmacher who compiled a ' Wappenbuch ' and a book of patterns for sewing and knitting about the beginning of the seventeenth century ; he seems to have been the same as the present person. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur ffistorie der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 106, 151 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 520. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, Sulzbach, 1803, p. 80. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 352. Elias Artista Hermetica, Das Geheimnifs vom Salz, 1862, p. 138. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1177-81. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 244, 254; ii. PP- 341, 393- SIGISMUNDUS. Trithemius Sui Ipsius Vindex: siue Steganographiae admodum reverendi, doctissimi, atque ingeniosissimi viri loannis Trithemii, primo Spanhei- mensis, ac postea S. lacobi in suburbano Herbipolensi Abbatis meritissimi, Apologetica defensio. Ex ipso fere Trithemio collecta, & publici luris facta. Autore admodum reverendo et religiosissimo Patre, amplissimoque Praesule ac Domino, Domino Sigismundo Celebris in Bauaria Monasterij Seon, Ord S. II. 2B 386 SIG1SMUNDUS—SOLDNER SIGISMUNDUS. Continued. Benedict! Abbate. Accessit in fine Fragmentum Qusestionum eiusdem Trithemij. Cum facultate Superiorum. Ingolstadii, Ex Typographeo Ederiano, apud Elisabetham Angermariam, viduam. Anno M. DC. XVI. 4°. Pp. [8, portrait of Tritheim included] 127 [i blank]. Not about chemistry or alchemy. SILENTO (PETRUS DE). See PETRUS de Silento. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 907. 1637, p. 403 ('Opus Chymicum,' 1613). Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum^ 1731, II. ii. p. 265. SINCERUS. Die entdeckten Requisita Realia, wodurch zum wahren Fundament der Her- metischen Wissenschafft vollkommen zu gelangen; Denen Liebhabern zum Dienst eroffnet, so den Nahmen fiihret Sincerus. Drefsden und Leipzig, zu finden bey Gottfried Leschen, Anno 1723. 8°. Pp. 78 [2 blank]. Twenty-seven requisites are enumerated and described for the successful attainment of transmutation. SINCERUS (ALETOPHILUS). Aletophili Sinceri Via ad Transmutationem Metallorum Fideliter Aperta Norimbergae In Officina Cremeriana CID ID ccxxxxn 4°. Pp. [6] 304 [48]. Vignette with the motto : Auspice Deo. See ALETOPHILUS (SINCERUS). See HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS). SINCERUS RENATUS. See RICHTER (SAMUEL). SITONIUS (ALEXANDER). See SETON (ALEXANDER). SMARAGDINA TABULA. See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. SOLDNER ( ). Fegfeuer der Chymisten, worin fur Augen gestellet, die wahren Besitzer der Kunst, wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten, und Herren Gern Grosse. Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der ehrlicher Leute Ehre, und der Aufgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amster- dam, Anno 1702. 8°. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights, or pp. 46 [2 blank]. The verso of the title is blank. The address begins on p. 3 (or Aj recto). The running title is : " Fegfeuer, der Chymisten." without a head line. 31 lines to the page, not including the catchword line. Schmieder (p. 513) says Hamburg, really, not Amsterdam. SOLDNER 387 SOLDNER ( ). Continued. Including the above I have seen three issues of this tract with the same date ; there may be others. The other two can be distinguished by the following differences : Fegfeuer der Chymisten, Worinnen Fur Augen gestellt die wahren Besitzer der Kunst ; Wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten und Herren gern- Grosse. Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der Ehrlicher Leute Ehre und der Auffgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amsterdam, 1702. 8°. No pagination. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights, or pp. [47, i blank]. The address begins on the verso of the title-page. The book is badly printed on poor paper. There is no running title to each page, no ornament, and no head line. 29 lines to the page, not including the catchword line. The third copy has the following title : Fegfeuer Der Chymisten, Worinnen Fur Augen gestellt die wahren Besitrer der Kunst ; Wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten und Herren gern-Grosse. Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der Ehrlicher Leute Ehre und der Auffgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amsterdam, 1702. 8°. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights ; or pp. [1-3] 4-16 (numbered) [17-47, i blank]. The address begins on the verso of the title-page. There is no running title, but there are the numbers on the first sheet, and an ornament on the others, with a headline below it. 27 lines to a page, not including the catchword line. The enlarged edition 'Keren Happuch,' which one subsequent to Petraeus has added a single item follows, is also dated 1702 ; so that apparently the to our knowledge of the man — not even bis book was in demand. Christian name, if he had such a thing. This tract is ascribed to Soldner by Petraeus in There was, indeed, a Joannes Antonius Soeld- his preface to Basilius Valentinus' Schriften, and nerus, who wrote a work : Methodus medendi per this is quoted by Roth-Scholtz in his preface to the simplicia, ex veterum . . . monumentis eruta . . . works of Sendivogius. cum annexa Materia Medica. Editio secunda, . . . In Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, Soldner' s auction Lugduni Batavorum, 1705, 12°, men- name is mentioned with doubt as the author (see tioned in the British Museum Catalogue. Whether pp. 33, 215), whereas in other places (pp. 67, 79, this is the same person or not, I do not know ; the I53. 25T) it is not included at all ; and similarly in dates are in agreement anyhow, the Beytrag, p. 32, the book is referred to anony- The only thing additional is the statement in the mously. The name of Soldner does not occur Beytrag, p. 644, that the author of the Fegfeuer in Gmelin's Geschichte, though the book does, but was the editor of Beschreibung der Uralten Wis- Schmieder assigns Keren Happuch to him quite senschaft vom Stein der Weisen, Hamb., 1692, 8°, definitely, and Kopp seems to have had no doubt which is the Nodus Sophicus enodatus under about it. another name, but there is no allusion to Soldner. The whole superstructure, however, rests upon For a reply to the Fegfeuer, see Aletophilus, the stability of Petraeus' statement, and it is curious Gliickliche Erober- und Demolirung des . . . Fege- that those who were nearest to him seem to have feuers der Scheidekunst, 1705, and Erlosung . . . been most doubtful. It is unfortunate, too, that no aus dem Fegfeuer, 1701. Keren Happuch, Posaunen Eliae des Kiinstlers, oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, worinnen nebst den Neu-gierigsten und grossesten Geheim- niissen fur Augen gestellet die wahren Besitzer der Kunst; Wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Pfuscher, Stumpier, Bonhasen und Herren Gern-Grosse. Mit gar vielen Oertern aus der Schsifft und andern Urkunden eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der ehrlicher Leute Ehre und der aufgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Hamburg, bey Gottfried Libernickel im Dohm, 1702. 8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 128. 2 woodcuts in the text This is an enlarged edition of the preceding source of the poetical extracts referring to Edward Fegfeuer. Whoever may have been the author, Kelley, Grassenhauer or Gustenhofer, Zachaire, the book is of some importance as it is the sole and of a number of historical facts. Sendivogius, Schriffien, ed. Roth-Scholtz, 1718, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine* practices, 1788, iv. Vorbericht, p. 7, note. p. 298. (He mentions J. Anton Soldner, author of Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 75. ' de methodo sanandi per simplicia,' Altd., 1700, 4° Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. —apparently the first edition of the work above-men- 33. 67, 79, 153, 215, 251. tioned — who may possibly be the present author.) Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 69 ; Th. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic ii. p. 64. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 49. Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 303- ed. Petraeus, 1769, i., Neue Vorrede, sig. f2 recto. 304. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 513. PP- 32, 552 (analysis of the book). Kopp, Die AUhemie, 1886, ii. p. 395. 388 SOHN—SOMMER SOHN Sendivogii: Filius Sendivogii. See HARPRECHT (jOHANN). SOL sine Veste. See ORSCHAL (j. c.). SOLEA (NICOLAUS). Philosophische Grund-Satze von Verbesserung der Metallen. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 3. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, p. 3. Solea, or, as Kopp calls him, Soleas, was a chemist, who published under the name of Basilius Valentinus a book in German on the Origin of Metals. This is what Jocher reports, but it is vague, and one is at a loss to know whether he was the person who passed under the name of Basilius Valentinus, or whether he put out one book only under that name. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, p. 135. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 84 (I. i. 9. 25). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, in. p. 338. Gmelin quotes only the 1723 edition of the present collection. Fictuld is of opinion that if he had understood the noble truths he had collected, he would have been far advanced in the mysteries, but as he had written from quite another starting point they are perverted puzzles of no service to anyone. By Leupold another work is quoted : Nic Solese von Berwercken per Eliam Montanum, 1660, 4°. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 662. Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 131. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 307 (Drey Schriften). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 337. SOLOMON. See SALOMON. SOMMAIRE de la Medecine Chymique. Oil 1'on void clairement beaucoup de choses, que les Autheurs ont tenues iusques icy dans I'obscurite. Auec vn Recueil de Diuers Secrets de Medecine. A Paris, Chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. Jacques, a la Bonne-Foy, deuant S. Yues. M.DC.XXXII. Auec Priuilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [16] 433 [i blank]. Vignette. SOMMER (JOHANN GEORG). De Margaritis. See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1660. Johann Georg Sommer, 1634-1705, belonged to Scharzburg. He was M. D. and premier physician of the Prince of Scharzburg, and practised at Arnstadt. He was a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, into which he was received with the name Machaon II. His death occurred on 21 August, 1705. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 591 (list of ' Observations '). Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 284 (enlarged list of ' Observationes ' in the ' Ephemerides ' and- ' Miscellanea ' of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 673. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 620. He was the author of books on medical topics and papers in the memoirs of the Academy on the plague, obstetrics — Die Hebammenschule — the bringing up of infants, and anatomical observa- tions, mentioned by Haller. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 685. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 371. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 1778, iv. p. 206. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 15.2. . Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Midi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1881, x. p. 317. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 322. SONGE- VERD—SPA G Y RISC HE 389 SONGE-VERD (Le). See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. P- 437- Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 213. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 353. (Gives a Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic list of alchemical works having the title 'Vision' Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 46, 301. 'dream,' 'traum,' &c. The above is not men- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences tioned.) Secretes, 1870, No. 1297-98. SONNE. See NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne. SONNE (Die) von Osten oder Philosophische Auslegung der Kette des goldenen Vliesses nebst dem Kreuze der Ritterorden der Tempelherrn, Johanniter, Teutschenherrn, u.a.d. und etwelcher Cabalistischen Figuren samt einem Spiegel oder Probierstein der philosophischen Materie, und einer besonderen Auslegung desselben an seine Freunde der Weifsheit Sohne von Rosa Significet Hunnis ca. 5783. 8°. Pp. [16] 278 [2 blank]. Folding plate. Woodcuts in the text. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarofi, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 389, 394 (titles Secretes, 1870, No. 1563. of alchemical books referring to the sun). SONNENBLUME der Weisen. See LEADE (JANE). According to Liborius ab Indagine, Leona Con- Clermont, and lived till 1716. He makes no stantia, the authoress of this tract, was abbess of mention of Jane Leade. Liborius ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische Nebenstunden, oder Betrachtungen iiber einige nichi gemeine Materien, Hof, 1780, p. 79. SONNEN-GLANTZ. See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728. SOPHIA LABORIS STUDIOSUS. Warnung, Instruction und Beweifs. See GRASSHOF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiosissimi, 1687, p. 202. SOPHISCHE Arie von der Weisen Stein. See v. (j. R.), M.D., Guldene Rose, No. ix. SPACHER (STEPHAN MICHAEL). See MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN). Haller, however, calls him distinctly Stephan Michael Spacher, and refers to the 'Pinax,' &c. Portal, Histoire de /' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 332. 1770, ii. pp. 402, 425. SPAGNETUS. See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). SPAGYRISCHE Grund-Regeln. See BERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB). 390 SPALLANZANI—SPECTR UM SPALLANZANI (LAZZARO). Chimico Esame degli Esperimenti del Sig. Gottling Professore a Jena sopra la luce del fosforo di Kunkel osservata nell' aria comune, ed in diversi fluidi aeriformi permanent!, nella qual occasione si esaminano altri fosfori posti dentro ai medesimi fluidi, e si cerca se la luce solare guasti il gaz ossigeno, siccome pretende questo Chimico del cittadino Lazzaro Spallanzani Professore di Storia Naturale nell' Universita' di Pavia, e Prefetto del Pubblico Museo della medesima ; Socio delle Accademie di Londra, di Prussia, Stockholm, Upsal, Gottinga, Olanda, Lione, Ginevra, Bologna, Torino, Padova ec.; de' Curiosi della Natura di Germania, e di quelli di Berlino ; della Societa Italiana, e Corrispondente delle Accademie delle Scienze di Parigi, e Monpelieri. In Modena. MDCCXCVI. Presso la Societa' Tipografica. Con licenza de' Superiori. 8°. Pp. [4] 171 [i blank], i plate. Lazzaro Spallanzani was born 12 January, 1729, at Scandiano, in the duchy of Modena, was edu- cated by his father and by the Jesuits of Reggio, and then he went to Bologna to attend the lectures of the famous Laura Bassi, who is said to have been his cousin. At first he studied law, then took orders, for he was an abbate, but finally gave himself up to the study of natural history and specially of physiology. In 1768 he was appointed professor of natural history in the rehabilitated University of Pavia and director of the museum, which was greatly en- riched by his exertions. In 1785 he accompanied the Venetian ambassador to Constantinople, and Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 603. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 607- 6n (anatomical works). Angelo Fabroni, Vitce Italorum doctrina excel- lentium, qm sceculis XVII, et XVIII. floruerunt, Pisis, 1785, xii. p. 307 (letter from Fabronius to Spallanzanius). Bougine1, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 735. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 391. Hirscbing, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch beriihmter und denkwiirdiger Personen welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben, 1809, XII. ii. p. 340. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, London, 1812, App. iv. p. liii (elected 2 June, 1768). Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 200. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, London, 1816, xxviii. pp. 251-254. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 235 (good account). Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 240 ; no date, xl. p. 7. Antonio Lombard!, Storia della Letteratura Italiana nel Secolo XVIII., Modena, 1828, ii. pp. 43-52 (life, works, and his controversy with Scopoli). on this journey made numerous observations and collected specimens. In 1788 he visited Vesuvius, the Lipari Islands and Sicily. After the Revolution Spallanzani was offered a chair at Paris, which he declined because of his health. He had been long troubled with an ' ischurie v&icale,' which was followed by several apoplectic seizures, and his death occurred in his 7ist year, 12 Feb., 1799, at Pavia. Hirsching, however, says the night of lo-n Feb. His work was confined chiefly to physiology and was not concerned with chemistry, though some of it was on the borders of bacteriology and of physiological chemistry. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. pp. 51, 104, 185, 191 (acidity of the fluids in the stomach), 220 ; (all refer to physiology). Emilio de Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri nelle scienze, lettere ed arti del secolo XVI II. e de' Contemporanei, Venezia, 1837, v. pp. 204-21 (by De Angelis). Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- cine, 1839, iv. p. 192. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, »• P- 535- Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography, London, 1857, v. col. 623. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 968. Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1865, xliv. col. 282. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1881, x. p. 733. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 584 (life and references), 593, 829. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 475- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xni. p. 353. SPECTRUM Spagiricum, Das ist : Der Guldene Irrwisch oder Spagirische Wauwau. Anno 1721. Without place and printer's name. 8°. Pp. 56. SPECTRUM— SPERBER 391 SPECTRUM. Continued. Adeptus Fatalis, Das ist : Geld, spricht die Welt ! Freyburg gedruckt An. 1721. 8°. Pp. [29, i blank]. These are satirical pieces against the alchemical ruin themselves with gold making, and the author craze of the time. In the first a spirit appears to laughs at them for trying to make gold by receipts, two men, Fritz and Hanns, who think to make He argues that as they could not do the work of a gold, and implores Fritz to give up the hunt for tailor or a wood-turner even with the appliances, the Stone. Then ensues a long discussion as to still less could they master at once the art of trans- the stone and whether it exists or not. mutation, the highest of secrets, without due pre- The second tract seems to have come out before paration. The author seems to attach a purely the other, though here they appear together. It symbolical significance to the Stone, contains an account of a man and his wife who Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390. [Another Copy — without the Adeptus fatalis.] SPECULATIONES Phantasticae. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chimica, 1606, p. 233. SPECULUM. See SPIEGEL. SPECULUM Modernae Alchimiae. See PLUSIUS (EDUARD). SPECULUM utriusque Luminis Gratiae et Naturae. See GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL). SPECULUM Secretorum. See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae Scripta, 1603, p. 387. SPECULUM Sapientiae. See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705. According to Fictuld, the author of this tract was have stayed at home with his tract. It is therefore a cavalry officer, of Leyden, called Johann Hein- not for beginners.' rich Vierort, a person of some learning, who allied As the author is placed by Fictuld in his first his wisdom fairly well with theology. But, he class among the adepts, this is commendation, adds, ' any one who is empty in the head will find There is no great difference between it and Fictuld's nothing here to satisfy him ; for the author had condemnation, little love (for his neighbour) and might as well Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 144. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 230, 353 (alchemical bibliography of 'Speculum' and ' Spiegel1). SPERBER (JULIUS). Isagoge, das ist : Einleitung zur wahren Erkanntniifs des drey-einigen Gottes und der Natur. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii, P- 119- 392 SPERBER— SPIEGEL SPERBER (JULIUS). Continued. Sperber was a magister philosophic and an Anhalt councillor at Dessau. He lived at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century, his death being placed in 1616. Most of his works appeared posthumously and were pub- lished by Benedictus Bahnse in Amsterdam. His influence induced Roth-Scholtz to edit his work on the 'stone.' The present work was published in Latin at Hamburg, 1674, with the following title : Isagoge in veram Triunius Dei & Naturae cog- nitionem, concinnato a Julio Sperbero, M. Anno Domini M. DC. VI 1 1. nunc verb primum publici juris facta in qua multa quoque praeclara de Materia Lapidis philosophici, ejusque usu mirabi- lissimo continentur. [motto.] Hamburg!, Sumpti- bus Johannis Naumanni, & Georgii Wolfii, MDCLXXIV. 8°, pp. [16] 62 [i, i blank]. Title red and black. A reply to it was announced, but never appeared. One of the books by which he is best known is a Rosicrucian one : Echo der von Gott hocher- leuchten Fraternitet, defs loblichen Ordens R. C. Das ist : Exemplarischer Beweifs, das nicht allein das jenige was jtzt in der Fama vnd Confefsion der Fraternitet R. C. aufsgebotten, miiglich vnnd war sey, sondern schon fur neuntzehen vnd mehr Jaren solche Magnalia Dei, etzlichen Gottesfiirchtigen Leuten, mitgetheilet gewesen, vnd von jhren Privatschrifften depraediciret worden. Wie dessen ein furtrefflich Magisch Scriptum vnnd Tractatlein, der Hochlbblichen Fraternitet R. C. dediciret vnd offentlich durch den Druck evulgiret wird. Durch des Deutschen Abecefs Laut . . , Erstlich Gedruckt Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 725. Ehrgott Daniel Colberg, Das Platonisch-Her- metische Christenthum, Leipzig, 1690, i. pp. 121, 137, 286-287 • I6gii ii. p. 29 ; 1710, same references. Buddeus, Introductio ad Historiam Philosophic Ebraeorum, 1702, p. 296, § 35. Pierre Poiret, Theologice Pacifica, itemque Mys- ticee, ac hujus Auctorum, idea brevior, Amstel., 1702, p. 173, § 47 ; reissued, with certain additions : Bibliotheca Mysticorum selecta, Amstel., 1708, pp. 173. §47! 344; Wolfius, Bibliotheca Hebraica, Hamburgi, 1721, P. ii. p. 1246 (' Isagoge'). Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. pp. 121-127. i Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 295. Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosopkischen Historic, 1733, iv. p. 635 (writings on the Cabala) ; I73S- vi- PP- II23. II35 (nfe)- Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 254 (Th. II. xvii. 18. §26) (' Echo,' his work on the Rosicrucians) ; ii. pp. 333-336 (Th. III. cap. ii. §§10-12), (life and works); ii. p. 903 (Th. IV. n. xxxii. §72), (brief resum6 of his character). zu Dantzig, bey Andreas Hiinefeldts, Anno 1616. Small 8°, ff. [22] 114. Title black. This, according to the Missiv, is the second issue. The first, which is extremely rare, was also printed at Dantzig by Hiinefeldt in 1615, and the title is in red and black. Editions of Hanau, 1619, 4°, with a red title and 1675, 4°, with a black title are also quoted, and Semler speaks of one : Dantzig, 1620, 8°. It contains a review of the book ' Offen- barung gottlicher Majestat,' and also the rules or laws of the Fraternity (f. 104). Abraham von Frankenberg mentions a manu- script by Sperber : Von den Wundern der dreyen Zeiten. Other manuscripts by him were also in existence, and in particular a large volume en- titled ' Opus Magicum.' Besides the printed works already referred to he also published the following, according to Roth- Scholtz : Precationes Kabalisticae, Magdeb., 1600, 8°; Amsterdam, 1675. In German, Amst. (Liineburg), 1707, 12°. Ein geheimer Tractat von den drey Seculis Oder Haupt-Zeiten, Amst., 1660, 3 Theile, 8°. This looks almost like an edition of the above- mentioned manuscript. Mysterium Magnum, Amst., 1660, 8°. Ein feiner Tractat von vielerley wunderbarlichen . . . seltzamen Dingen, Amst., 1662, 8°. Griindliche Einleitung zur wahren Erkanntntifs des Drey-einigen Gottes und der Natur! Ham- burg 8°. This is a translation of the Isagoge. A second edition appeared in (1708) 1709, and from that Roth-Scholtz made the reprint in his Theatrum. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 301. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col. 1504. Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 145. Missiv an die hocherleuchtcte Bruderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp. 47, 48 (' Echo'). Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreutzer, 1786, i. p. 82. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 286, 560. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. P- 527. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 178, No. 2455 (' Echo '). Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 279 ; 1849, ii. p. 168. Figuier, L'Alchimic et les Alchimistes, 1856, p. 19. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 57-58, 1078. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 103 ; ii. p. 8. SPES mea est in Agno. See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). SPIEGEL. See C.ESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey Spiegel, 1613. See SPECULUM. SPIEGEL— SPIELMANN 393 SPIEGEL der Alchymey. See POYSELIUS (ULRICH). Though he has a brief note upon Poyselius him- fession (the author was a priest) to preach the word self, Fictuld has referred to this book again under of grace, go about teaching and writing such lies, its title, has there stigmatized the author as an whereby their fellowmen are plunged into misery ' Erz-Bbsswicht ' and ' arg-chimist,' and has taken and want, severely to task those who, called on by their pro- Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 131. See JEAN DE MEUN. SPIEGEL der heutigen Alchimie. See HEUTIGE (Der) Alchimist. See PLUSIUS (EDUARD). SPIEGEL der Kunst und Natur in Alchymia. See CABALA, Spiegel der Kunst . . . Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 146. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 353. SPIEGEL beyder Liechter Natiirlichen und Vbernatiirlichen. See GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL). SPIEGEL der Philosophey. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Der dritte Theil, p. 244. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 787. SPIEGHEL (ADRIAN VAN DEN). See SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN). SPIELMANN (JACOB REINBOLD). Jac. Reinboldi Spielmann Phil, et Med. D. Chemise Botanic. Reliquaeque Mater. Med. P. P. O. Capit. Thomani Canon. Acad. Caesar. N. C. Regiae Berolin. Elect. Mogunt. Sodalis, Colleg. Regii Med. Nancejan. Honor. Membri Institutiones Chemise Praelectionibus Academicis Accommodates. Argen- torati Apud Johannem Godofredum Bauerum. 1763. 8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 309 [59]. Vignette. Istituzioni di Chimica del Sig. Giacomo Reinboldo Spielmann Dottore di Filosofia e Medicina Professore Pubblico Ordinario di Chirnica Botanica e Materia Medica nell' Universita' di Strasbourg, ec. Tradotte in lingua Italiana dall' ultima edizione Francese dell' anno 1770., rivedute ed approvate dall' Autore. Tomo primo. In Milano. M DCC LXXIV. Appresso Giuseppe Galeazzi Regio Stampatore. Con licenza de' Superiori, e Privilegio. 8°. Pp. xxviij, 264. Engraved plate. Two printed tables. Tomo Secondo. Pp. [2] 260. 6 plates of apparatus. Pp. 161-236 contain a bibliography of Chemistry. Pharmacopoea Generalis edita a D. Jacobo Reinboldo Spielmann. Argen- torati 1783. Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Treuttel, Bibliopolae. Cum Approbat. et Privilegio Regis. 4°. Pp. [21, i blank] 218 [2] 372 [48]. Portrait by Chr. Guerin, dated 1781. 394 SPJELMA NN— SPIES S SPIELMANN (JACOB REINBOLD). Continued. Spielmann, descended from an old Strasburg family, was born at Strasburg, 31 March, 1722. His father, who was by heredity an apothecary, brought him up to his profession from 1735 to 1740, during which time Marggraf was his father's assis- tant, and helped to train the son. Spielmann studied at the University the languages and philo- sophy, travelled in Germany from 1740 to 1742, and during that time served with the apothecary Beurer in Niirnberg, attended Pott's lectures in Berlin, and renewed his friendship with Marggraf, and went to Henkel's lectures on mineralogy in Freiberg. In 1742 he was in Paris, and made the acquaintance of Claude Joseph Geoffrey, the Jussieus, Reaumur, and others. On his return to Strasburg in 1743 ne passed his examination as an apothecary, and entered his father's business. He continued his studies, graduated in medicine in 1748, with a dissertation ' de Principio Salino,' and was ap- pointed extraordinary professor of medicine. He took the degree of M.A. in 1754. In accordance with the statutes, he was appointed in 1756 professor of rhetoric, and had to occupy himself with Greek and Latin poetry, but in 1759 he received an E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetztlebender Aerzte und Naturforscher in und ausser Deutschland, 1772, Bd. I. (Stuck i, 1768), pp. 75-86, St. 3, 1771 (Zusatze) ; (St. 4, 1772), p. 227. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 535. (The ' Institutiones Chemiae ' contain much refer- ring to plants. ) Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 492 (analysis of different sorts of milk). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 1778, iv. p. 307. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42. Crell, Chemische Annalen, 1784, i. pp. 545-580. Vicq d'Azyr, Histoire de la Socittt royale de Midecine, 1786. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 438, &c. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 140, 159. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 403. Vicq d'Azyr, Eloges historiques, Paris, 1805, ii. p. 48. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 312, &c. , &c. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii. pp. 226-228 (and references). Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 245. Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 296; no date, xl. p. 49. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. PP- 33- J94, 201, 584. ordinary professorship of medicine, which entailed him lecturing on chemistry, botany, pharma- cognosy (materia medica), and directing the Botanic Garden. After his father's death in 1748, he carried on the business, arid gave his lectures in his shop. One of his most important papers is that on the mineral oil of Alsace. He compared the volatile portion, sp. gr. 0.808, with the ethereal oils, and noticed the fluorescence of the heavier volatile fractions. It was printed in the M6m. de PAcad. de Berlin, 1758. In spite of his multitudinous engagements, Spiel- mann wrote a great many books and papers, lists of which are given by Haag and other authorities. A collection of his medical and chemical papers was made after his death by his son, and published in 1785- He died at Strasburg, 10 Sept., 1783. He was member of the Leopoldine Academy, and of the Academies of St. Petersburg, Berlin, Mayence, Turin, and corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. He was five times Rector and twenty times Dean of the Faculty in the University. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de cine, 1839, iv. p. 194. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. pp. 38, 48, 49. Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1848, xiv. pp. 35-41 (article by Cap). Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. p. 466. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, pp. 332, 637. Paul-Antoine Cap, Etudes Biographiques pour servir a f Histoire ties Sciences, Premiere S6rie, 1857, pp. 264-271. Haag, La France Protestante, 1859, ix. pp. 307- 3°9- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. p. 971. Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1865, xliv. col. 327 (calls him Renaud). Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mldi- cales, 3eme Serie, 1883, xi. p. 215 (calls him Rein- hold ; article by L. Hahn). Friedrich Wieger, Geschichte der Medicin und ihrer Lehranstalten in Strafsburg vom Jahre 1497 bis zum Jahre 1872, Strassburg, 1885, pp. 64, 66, 67, 94- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 484. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 391. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. p. 171 (and references ; article by Fliickiger). Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp. 372, 563. 59°. 6°°- SPIELMANN QACOB REINBOLD) and CORVINUS QOHANN FRIEDRICH). Geschichte der kiinstlichen Luft. See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches Chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. i. SPIESS (JOHANN CARL). Der Panaceas Solutivae oder Magnesias Albae eroffnete Unschuld, darinnen derselben wahre Bereitung, vortreffliche Wiirckung, nichtige Beschuldigung und richtige Vertheidigung vorgetragen von Dr. Joh. Carl Spiefs, Hoch Fiirstl. SPIESS—SPIGELIUS 395 SPIESS (JOHANN CARL). Continued. Braunschw. Liineburg. Leib- und Hof-Medico in Wolffenbuttel. Wolffen- biittel, In Gottfried Freytags Buchladen. 8°. Pp. 48. No date. Spiess was born at Wernigerode, in the Harz, 6 Dec., 1663, studied at Wittenberg and Jena, then iu Holland, graduated M.D. at Utrecht 1685, re- ceived an invitation in 1687 to Magdeburg as Land-Physikus, thereafter in 1690 he was town and court-physician at Stolberg, and entered the service of Duke Anthon Ulrich at Wolffenbiittel in 1701, and by his successor was made private physician. He obtained the professorship of therapeutics at Helmstadt in 1718. He was the author of various Fabricius, His to rite Bibliothecce Fabriciance Pars VI., Wolfenbuttelii, 1724, p. 40. Die Gelehrten Zeitungen, 1730, p. 2. (I have not seen this.) Kestner, Medidnisches Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 803. Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col. 1642. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1751, iv. col. 737. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 103. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 81. works and some fine dissertations, was fond of foreign remedies and discovered a medicine for the smallpox. He died at Helmstadt 12 July, 1729. Among his writings are the ' Schatz der Gesund- heit,1 Hannover, 1711, 8°, a treatise on the mineral waters of Ftirstenau and Wachtild ; and one of his dissertations is upon medicines obtained from valerian, Helmstadt, 1724, 4°. Lists of disserta- tions on medical topics are given by Haller. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 308. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. p. 67. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 365- 366. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 247. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 486. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 391. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp. 180-182 (by Ed. Jacobs). SPIESS (K. HEINRICH). Die Geheimnisse der alten Egipzier. Eine wahre Zauber- und Geistergeschichte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts von K. H. Spiefs. Mit zwei Kupfern. Erster Theil. Leipzig, bei Freidrich August Leo, 1798. 8°. Pp. [8] 340 [2, 2 blank]. Zweiter Theil. Pp. [2] 381 [i], (Mit einem Kupfer.) Dritter Theil. Mit einem Kupfer, 1799. Pp. [2] 458 [2]. SPIESS ( ). Concordanz iiber des Nuysements sal coeleste. See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Glucks-Hafen, 1726, p. 126. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 15. He is described by Becher as Pater Spiefs of Coin, a Dominican monk at Vienna, and the tract is dedi- cated to Count Peter von Baar, Imperial Hereditary Postmaster. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 162. SPIESSGLASS-TINKTUR. See CHYMISCHE Abhandlung, 1768. SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN). Adriani Spigelii Bruxellensis Equitis Veneti, et in Gym. Pat. Anat. & Chirurgiae Professoris Primarij De Semitertiana Libri Quatuor. Accessit in fine Epistola eiusdem Argument!. Francofurti, Apud haeredes lo. Theodori de Bry. Anno M.DC.XXIV. 4°. Pp. [12] 160 [4], Title in an engraved border, similar to what is round Maier's ' Atalanta fugiens.' 396 SPIGELIUS— SPLENDOR SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN). Continued. Adrian van den Spieghel, or Adrian Spigelius, was a native of Brussels. He passed his humanity and philosophy course there and at Louvain, and then went to Padua, where he studied medicine with Aquapendente, became skilful in anatomy and surgery, and graduated. He returned home and, after some practice in Germany, became chief phy- sician in Bohemia and Moravia. After the death of Julius Casserius, he was called to the chair of anatomy and surgery at Padua, and had ultimately the rank of Knight of St. Mark conferred upon him by the Venetian Republic. He had a quarrel with Prevot, which was smoothed over with great difficulty by the German students. He did not long hold the chair, notwithstanding his vigour, vivid spirit, and his age. At the marriage of his only daughter, he, while removing some broken glass, cut the forefinger of his left hand, Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 6. Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643, p. 1 8. Tomasini, Gymnasium Patavinum, 1654, lib. i. p. 31, p. 80 ; lib. iii. c. 13, p. 303. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 12. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, pp. 165 (Int. c. iv. §29); 133 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; 175 (Add. iv. 4. i) ; 273 (viii. 9. 2) ; 345 (x- *9- x)- (He is highly commended by Conring.) Freher, Theatrum virorum erudition* clarorum, 1688, p. 1350. Papadopolus, Historic. Gymnasii Patavini, 1726, i. p. 352, No. cxviii. Man get, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 296. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 458-9 (cause of his death), 672. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomies Specimen, 1734, P- 232. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 21. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 803. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 185, 301, 313, 371, 387, 412, 436, 446, 514. 557 J "• 602. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelthrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. P- 735- Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 395. Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 449 & passim. his arm inflamed, and a swelling appeared in his arm-pit. When that subsided, diarrhoea fol- lowed, and on the 16 January (7 April), 1625, he died of pyaemia, in his forty-seventh year. At the autopsy an abscess was found in the liver. He was buried in the Basilica Eremitana. He wrote some medical works and ' Isagoge in Rem Herbariam,' Patavii, 1607; Lugd. Bat., 1633, 24°. His collected works were published by Van der Linden in folio, at Amsterdam, in 1645. Lists of his writings, which are entirely medical, are given by Van der Linden, Mercklin and Manget, who also gives a good sketch of his life, and opinions as to his works are expressed by Conring. The anatomical plates, edited by Bucretius of Bres- lau and published along with Spigelius' text, are those of Casserius. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 403. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 357 (anatomical works) ; 1777, ii. p. 753. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 314. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 475 (various works). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 308. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 1804, xi. p. 406. Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 211. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 244. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 302 ; no date, xl. p. 54. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. pp. 130, 196, 474, 573, 599. C. Broeckx, Essai sur I 'histoire de la Mtdecine Beige, avant le XIXe Siecle, Gand, 1837, pp. 148- 151 (note on his life ; anatomical work) ; 176 (sur- gical work) ; 188 (obstetrics) ; 209 (Spigelia an- tkelmintica); 232 (botany); 311-12 (list of his works). Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la M6de- cine, 1839, iv. p. 196. Ludwig Choulant, Geschichte und Bibliographic der anatomischen Abbildung, Leipzig, 1852, pp. 77-79, 182. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, i. P- 365- Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 54. Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mildi- cales, 3eme Se~rie, 1883, xi. p. 213. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 484. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xm. p. 392. SPLENDOR LUCIS. See WIENNER (ALOYSIUS), 1785. SPLENDOR Sails & Solis ein Discurs von der wahren Quinta Essentia und Artzney-Krafft der Vegetabilien und Mineralien; sonderlich vom Auro Potabili. Authoris Anonymi Eremitae. Anno M DC LXXVII. In Verle- gung Johann Eichenbergks, Buchbinders in Neu-Hanau. 8°. Pp. 29 [i blank, i, i blank]. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 389. SPLENDOR-STAHL 397 SPLENDOR SOLIS. See TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 3. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemise, 1610, Appendix Primi Tomi, p. [n]. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 8. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 163. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390. STABEL (GEORG FRIEDRICH). Georgii Friderici Stabelii Medic. D. & Civitat. Halensis Physici adj. Chymise Dogmatico-Experimentalis Tomus Prior Complectens Doctrinae Chymicae Fundamenta. Halae Magdeb. 1728. Apud Job. Adam Spoerl. 8°. Pp. [i6J. Tomus I. 1-126. Vignette. Fundamentorum Chymicorum Tomus II. De productis Chymicis Medicamentosis. Pp. 127-324. Index [10], There is a curious frontispiece (included in the pagination) in small compartments, each of which contains the figure of a person depicting the several uses and appli- cations of chemistry. [Another Copy.] Stabel's book is mentioned by Zedler, Weigel ground that as metals increased in weight by cal- and Gmelin, but nothing is said about himself. cination, that process could not be due to their He was a contemporary of Stahl's at Halle, losing anything, and similarly by reduction the and objected to the phlogistic hypothesis on the weight became not greater but less. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col. 714. Kopp, Die Entwickelun% der Chemie in der Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 133. neueren Zeit, 1873, P- S3- Weigel, Grundrifs der reinen und angewandten Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 542. Chemie, 1777, p. 12 (§ 15, a 26). (Dissertatio . . . de plica polonica, Halae Magd., Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 683. 1724, 4°. With Gb'licke (Andreas Ottomar), Speci- men Medicinae forensis, Halae Magd., 1708, 4°.) STAHL (GEORG ERNST). G. E. Stahls, Ausfuhrliche Betrachtung und zulanglicher Beweifs von den Saltzen, dafs dieselbe aus einer Zarten Erde, mit Wasser innig verbunden, bestehen. Halle, In Verlegung des Waysenhauses. 1723. 8°. Pp. [16] 432. Title red and black. Vignette. It was translated into French : Traite" des Sels, terre subtile, intiment combined avec de 1'eau ; dans lequel on de"montre qu'ils sont composes d'une ... a Paris, 1771, 12°, pp. xxiv, 480. Herrn Georg Ernst Stahln, Konigl. Preufsischen Hof-Raths, und altesten Leib- Medici, Billig Bedencken, Erinnerung und Erlauterung uber D. J. Bechers Natur-Kiindigung der Metallen. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Verlegts Wolff- gang Christoph Multz. 1723. 8°. Pp. [4] 443 [i blank]. Title printed across two pages. Herrn George Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preufsischen Leib-Medici und Hoff-Raths, Chymia Rationalis et Experimentalis ; Oder gnindliche der Natur und Ver- nunfft gemafse und mit Experimenten erwiesene Einleitung zur Chymie; Darinnen hauptsachlich die Mixtion derer Sublunarischen Corper, nebst deren Zerlegung und Relation gegen einander untersuchet, und mit vielen 398 STAHL STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued. Experimenten gezeiget wird. Nebst einem Anhange von denen Mercuriis Metallorum, Mercuric animate, und lapide Philosophorum. Leipzig, bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1720. 8°. Pp. [16] 520. Index [31, i blank]. Dissertatio Medico-Chymica Inauguralis de Salibus Metallicis, quam Favente Deo Optimo Maximo, Rectore Magnificentissimo, Serenissimo Principe ac Domino, Dn. Philippe Wilhelmo, Principe Borussise, Marchione Branden- burgico, Cetera, Gratiosissimse Facultatis Medicse Consensu, in Academia Fridericiana sub praesidio Dn. Georgii Ernesti Stahl, Med. D. et Profess. Publ Ordinar. h.t. Facult. Decani, Dn. Patroni ac Prseceptoris sui omni observantiae cultu prosequendi, pro Licentia summos in Arte Medica Honores, Jura & Privilegia Doctoralia rite ac legitime capessendi, d. Jun. A. MDCCVIII. horis ante & pomeridianis in Auditorio Majori Publico ac Placido Eruditorum Examini sistet Godofredus Rothius, Gorlic. Lusat. Raise Magdeb. Literis Chr. Henckelii, Acad. Typ. 4°. Pp. 28. Herrn George Ernst Stahls, Koniglichen Preufsischen Leib-Medici und Hof- Raths, Einleitung zur Grund-Mixtion derer unterirrdischen mineralischen und metallischen Corper. Alles mit griindlichen Rationibus, Demonstra- tionibus und Experimentis nach denen Beccherischen Principiis ausgefiihret. Leipzig Bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1720. 8°. Pp. 407 [17]. A ! ft ! Georgii Ernesti Stahl, Fragmentorum ^Etiologiae Physiologico-Chymicse ex Indagatione Sensu Rationali, seu Conaminum ad concipiendam notitiam Mechanicam de Rarefactione Chymica Prodromus de Indagatione Chymico Physiologica. Jense, apud Johannem Bielkium, Bibliop. Literis Nisianis, Anno MDCLXXXIII. 12°. Pp. [22] 139 [7]. D. D. Georgii Ernesti Stahlii, Consil. Aulici et Archiatri Regii, Fundamenta Chymiae Dogmaticae et Experimentalis, et quidem turn communions Physicae Mechanicae Pharmaceuticae ac Medicae turn sublimioris sic dictae Hermeticae atque Alchymicae. Olim in privates auditorum usus posita, jam vero indultu autoris publicae luci exposita. Annexus est ad coronidis confirmationem Tractatus Isaaci Hollandi De Salibus et Oleis Metallorum. Editio Secunda, Emendatior et Auction Pars I. Norimbergae, Impensis B. Guolfg. Maur. Endteri Consortii et Vid. B. lul. Arnold. Engelbrechti. MDCCXLVI. 4°. Pp. [8] 255 [23]. Pars II. 4°. Pp. [10] 76, 199 [i blank, 31, i blank]. Pars III. MDCCXLVII. 4°. Pp. [8] 508 [18]. STAHL 399 STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued. D. Georg Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preussis. Hof-Raths und Leib-Medici Gedancken von Verbesserung der Metallen, und wie man einen mafsigen Gewinnst davon ziehen konne. Niirnberg und Altdorff, Bey Johann Daniel Taubers Sel. Erben, 1720. 8°. Pp. 32. Georgii Ernesti Stahlii Opusculum Chymico-Physico-Medicum, seu Schedias- matum a pluribus annis variis occasionibus in publicum emissorum nunc quadantenus etiam auctorum et deficientibus passim exemplaribus in unum volumen jam collectorum, fasciculus publicae luci redditus, praemissa prsefationis loco Authoris Epistola ad Tit. Dn. Michaelem Albert! D. & Prof. Publ. Extraordinarium, Ildam Editionem hanc adcurantem. Halae Mag- deburgicae Typis & Impensis Orphanotrophei. Anno MDCCXL. 4°. Pp. [8, including the portrait of Stahl] 856. Index [40]. Title red and black. G. E. Stahls zufallige Gedancken und niitzliche Bedencken iiber den Streit, von dem so genannten Sulphure, und zwar sowol dem gemeinen, verbrenn- lichen, oder fliichtigen, als unverbrennlichen, oder fixen. Halle, In Verle- gung des Waysenhauses. 1718. 8°. Pp. [8] 373 [3 blank]. Title red and black. It was translated into French : Traite" du Soufre, combustible ou volatil, que fixe, &c., a Paris, ou Remarques sur la Dispute qui s'est e'leve'e entre 1776, 12°, pp. [8] 392. les Chymistes, au sujet du Soufre, tant commun, Bedencken von der Gold-Macherey. See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, 1726. Praxis Stahliana. See STORCH (JOHANN), 1732. Specimen Beccherianum. See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Physica Subterranea, 1703. Stahl was born at Anspach in 1660, studied founded a new theory of medicine and elaborated under Wedel at Jena, was appointed professor of the theory of phlogiston. This was expounded in medicine at Halle in 1694, was a member of the his treatise called Zymotechnia, 1697, which forms Academia Naturae Curiosorum, into which he was the third part of his ' Fundamenta Chymiae.' Stahl received 25 June, 1700, with the name Olympic- was an epoch-making man both in medicine and in dorus, Prussian councillor and royal physician, chemistry. His services to medicine are enumer- Berlin, 1716, and died there 14 May, 1734. He ated in the histories and dictionaries. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 325. Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 315, 373, 374, 375, 511, Reimmann, Einleilung in die Historiam liter- 521-2, 532, 533, 536, 537, 578, 712, 749, 778, 789, ariamderer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 641. 793-5. 897. Barchusen, De medicines origin e et progressu, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce. Dissertation*!, 1723, Dissert, xxv., pp. 571-591. 1732, ?• J36- Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medico, Lipsias, 1727, pp. Commercium Litterarium, Norimbergae, 1734, 48. 55- 63. T6. 98- 10I> Il6» IX9. *36. *4<>, MS. 150, p. 249. (Gives his death at Berlin, 14 May, 152, 167, 178, 180, 208, 213, 229, 232, 242, 271, 1734.) 302. 323» 348. 352. 364. 399. 422, 453, 460, 476. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelekr -ten- Lexicon , 1740, Job. Christ. Goetze, De Scriptis Stahlii ejusque pp. 806-808. asseclarwn, Noribergae, 1729, 4°. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Pkilosophie Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 415, 484 ; iii. pp. 301-2. 1731, II. ii. p. 303. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. cols. btolle, Anleitttng zur Historie der Medicinischen 888-894. 400 STAHL—STAPHORST STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, passim. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 766. Fictuld, Probier-Sfein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 133 (calls him Stahel). Buchner, Academics . . . Naturce Curiosorum Historia, Halae, 1755, P- 4^4. No. 242. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1755, ii. p. 390 ; 1778, iv. pp. 313-316. J. H. S. Formey, Eloges des Acadtmiciens de Berlin et de divers autres Swans, Berlin, 1757, i. pp. 328-333. Strebel, Progr. III. de Vita Stahlii, Anspach, i758-59, 4°. Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 148 et passim. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 62 (es- timate of him). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 697- 701. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 542. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i. PP- 57. 72, 99; 1779, »i. PP- 575-594 (long list of his works). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 29. Blumenbach, Introductio in historiam Mediciruz litterariam, 1786, p. 342. Fourcroy, Elements of Natural History and of Chemistry, 1788, i. p. 131. C. J. Bougine", Handbuch der allgemeinen Litter- argeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 411. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Liter ar- geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 370, 375. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 10- 12 ; 1798, ii. pp. 330, 659-681, &c. ; 1799, iii. pp. 9, 56. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 408. Fourcroy, Systeme des Connaissances chimiques, An. ix. [1800], i. pp. 51, 131. Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique, 8th ed., Lyon, An. XII. = 1804, xi. p. 419. Job. Christoph Hoffbauer, Geschichte der Uni- versitat zu Halle bis zum Jahre 1805, Halle, 1805, pp. no (opposition by Stahl and Hoffmann to the addition of newmembers to the medical faculty) ; 151 (botany was neglected ; Stahl who was the professor gave no lectures, but afterwards in 1698 an extra- ordinary professor, Heinrich Henrici, was ap- pointed) ; 212 (influence of Stahl and Hoffmann upon their pupils and the progress of the Univer- sity). Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 107, 158, 215, 219, 235, 252, 258. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch, Leipzig, 1809, XIII. i. pp. 85-88. Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 219. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. pp. 251-260 (list of his works ; article by R. Desgenettes). Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 414 ; no date, xl. p. 129. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, Halle, 1828, III. i. pp. 32, 298-334 ; III. ii. pp. 518, 692. Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp. 250-263. G. E. Stahl, Theoria Medica vera, ed. Lud. Choulant, cum Vita Auctoris, Lips., 1831-33, 3 vols. 8° (contains a list of Stahl's writings). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 508. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mlde- cine, 1839, iv. pp. 204-213 (list of his works). Spiess, /. B. van Helmonts System der Medicin, 1840, p. 311. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 402-8 ; 1869, ii. pp. 395-401. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. no & passim. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. SP'S^S, 366 ; »• P- 236> Oettinger, Bibliographic biographique, Leipzig, 1854, ii. col. 1711. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. i oo. Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 62, 105. Brown, Lectures on the Atomic Theory, 1858, i. p. 204. Maine de Biran, ' Rapports du Physique et du Moral de 1'Homme,' Oeuvres Philosophiques, ed. Cousin, 1841, iv. pp. 44-53; Oeuvres inidites publites par Ernest Naville, 1859, iii. p. 376 (both refer to his physiology, not to his chemistry). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- vj'orterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 979. Alb. Lemoine, Le vilalisme et animisme de Stahl, Paris, 1864, 12°. Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1865, xliv. col. 397- Facultt de Medecine de Paris, Conferences Hts- toriques faites pendant I ' annle 1865, Paris, 1866, pp. 33-59 (2me Conference par M. Lasegue, L Ecole de Halle : ' FreU Hoffmann et Stahl '). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1305-07, 1636. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuern Zeit, 1873, pp. 44-57, &c., &c. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, St. iii. pp. 211-234. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 426, 483, 519 (life and references), 712, 737, 1028. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungcn aus der Ber- liner Vergangenheit, Berlin, 1882, p. 133. Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, seme SeYie, 1883, xi. p. 429 (article by CheYeau). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 69-75 (life and alchemical opinions), 78, 99, 208, 231 ; ii. pp. 164, 181. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 502. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 546. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp. 780-786 (and references ; article by B. Lepsius). Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904 pp. 484, 546, 603, &c. STAPHORST (NICOLAUS). Officina Chymica Londinensis, sive exacta notitia Medicamentorum Spagyri- corum, quse apud Aulam Societatis Pharmaceutics Londin. prseparantur, & venalia prostant. Consilio Pharmacopceorum & Approbatione Collegij Medicorum Londinensium exhibitum. Opera & Studio Nicolai Staphorst, STAPHORST—STARKE Y 401 STAPHORST (NICOLAUS). Continued. Open Chym. diet. Societatis. Sumtibus Viduae Gothofredi Schultzen. Hamburgi. Typis Henningi Brendekiani, 1686. 12°. Pp. [4] 68. The above work is a reprint, omitting the dedica- tion, preface and licence, of the book which was published with the same title : Prostant venales apud Guiliel. Miller, ad Insigna Glandis Aurece in Coemeterio D. Pauli, MDCLXXXV. 12°, pp. [8, 2] 145 [i blank]. Index [28]. This was the first edition, so far as I know, because, first, there is no indication in Staphorst's preface of a previous one, and, secondly, the permission of the president and censors of the College of Physicians is so worded as to express that the book is now printed for the first time. Unfortunately, neither the preface nor the permission is dated. Staphorst, therefore, was in London, and was operator or chemist to the College. He was enthusiastically interested in his practical work, of the results of which this book may be regarded as a summary. Mangel's entry corresponds with the above down to the word 'prostant.' After that it reads: 'Ham- burgi, ap. Viduam Gotofredi Schulzen, 1681 in 12.' It may be observed in passing that this Gotofredus Schulze must be different from the person of the same name mentioned above, for his death did not occur till 1694. i"7;The date given by Manget must be a misprint ; but, in all probability, he is Eloy's authority for saying that the 'Officina' was printed at Hamburg in 1681, 12°, and for his inference that Staphorst was a chemist of Hamburg who had worked in London Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 306. Moller, Cimbria Literata, 1744, i. p. 653. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 777. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 316. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practicce, 1779, Hi. p. 637 (officina chymica) ; 1788, iv. p. 305. Rouging, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litlerar- geschichte, 1790, iii. p. 455. before its publication, and anyhow was in London in 1686, as director of the laboratory of the College of Physicians, and was discharging the same duty in 1699. According to Billings, there is an edition of Jena, apud H. C. Crokerum, 1701, 24°, i p. I., 68 pp. It is evidently a reprint of the present edition, if indeed it be not an issue of remainder copies with a new title-page. It is almost certain that Staphorst came from Hamburg ; the name was not uncommon there, and four persons of it are mentioned by Zedler ; but the present man is not included among them. Moller, however, gives more definite and accurate information. He makes mention of four Nicolaus Staphorsts, and says of the present one : Nicolaus Staphorst, Hamburgensis, Collegii Medicorum in Anglia Londinensis Chymicus, officinaeque Chymicae, circa A. 1686., Praefectus, A. 1699. superstes. Officina Chymica Londinensis, seu exacta Notitia Medicamentorum ejus spagyri- corum, Alphabetico ordine digesta. Hamburgi 1686. in 12. Recusa sub finem Pharmacopeia Collegii Londinensis, in editione hujus tertia, Jenae A. 1701. in 12. publicata. He also translated from the German RauwolfFs ' Itinerary into the Eastern Countries,' which was included in Ray's ' Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages,' London, 1693, 2 vols., 8°. Gmelin, GeschichtederChemie, 1798, ii. pp. 249, 398. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 560 (edition of Jena, apud H. C. Crokerum, 1701, 24°, i p.l. , 68 pp.). Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp. 528, 585. (He does not mention the 'Officina,' but ascribes to him the pamphlet : A Short View of the Frauds and abuses committed by Apothecaries, London, 1669, 1670, which, in my copies of the two editions, bears the name of Dr. Christopher Merrett. Staphorst surely would not write against apothecaries ?). STARKEY (GEORGE). Pyrotechny Asserted and Illustrated, to be the surest and safest means for Arts Triumph over Natures Infirmities. Being a full and free Discovery of the Medicinal Mysteries studiously concealed by all Artists, and onely discoverable by Fire. With an Appendix concerning the Nature, Preparation and Virtue of several specifick Medicaments, which are noble and succed- aneous to the great Arcana. By George Starkey, who is a Philosopher by Fire. London, Printed by R. Daniel, for Samuel Thomson at the White- horse in S. Pauls Church-yard, 1658. Small 8°. Pp. [18] 172 [2 blank wanting]. There is another issue by the same people of pp. [4] xi. [i blank] iv, 172 [2 blank]. Dutch the same date, small 8°, pp. [2] xi [i blank] iv, translation : Pyrotechnie ofte vuer stook-kunde . . . 172 [2 blank]. This same issue appeared again Amst., 1687, quoted by Boerhaave. with a new title-page, London, 1696, small 8°, La Pyrotecnie de Starkey, ou 1'Art de volatiliser les Alcalis, selon les Pre- ceptes de Vanhelmont, & la preparation des Remedes Succedanees ou II. 2C 402 STARKEY STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued. aprochans de ceux que Ton peut pre'parer par 1'Alkaest. Par le Sieur Jean Le Pelletier, de Rouen. A Rouen, Chez Guillaume Behourt. & se vend a Paris, Chez Laurent d' Houry, rue saint Severin, vis a vis la rue Zacharie, au Saint-Esprit. M.DCCVI. Avec Approbation & Permission. 12°. Pp. [2] 200 [2]. It contains a historical notice of Starkey ; at the 1' Esprit des Vegetaux. Par Daniel Coxe. There end (p. 190) : Maniere d'extraire le Sel volatil & is an earlier edition of 1704. L'Art ou la Maniere de Volatiliser les Alcalis, & d'en pre'parer des Remedes Succedane'es ou aprochans de ceux que Ton peut pre'parer par 1'Alkaest, tirez des Ouvrages de Starkey. Par le Sr Jean Le Pelletier, de Rouen, A Rouen, Chez Guillaume Behourt, vis-a-vis la Fontaine Saint Lo, a la Ville de Venise. M.DCCVI. Avec Aprobation & Permission. 12°. Pp. [2] 200 [2]. This is identical with the preceding work ' La Pyrotecnie de Starkey.' The only difference is in the title-pages. Die Behaupt- und Erlauterte Pyrotechnic oder die vortreffliche Kunst das Philosophische Feuer zu halten, und darinnen zu Arbeiten, in soweit dieselbe zu alien kiinstlichen Wissenschafften (die iiber alle natiirliche Schwachheiten triumphiren) eine bestandig- und sichre Wegweiserin ist, worinnen alle Medicinalische Geheimniisse die bifs dahero von denen Artisten verborgen gehalten worden, auffrichtig und vollkommen entdecket werden. Mit dem Anhang aufs der Natur, wie in Bereitung verschiedentlicher Specificorum, eine herrliche Medicin verfertiget werden konne, die der Wirckung, Krafft, Hoheit und Tugenden nach, dem Wunder grossen Arcano gleichen, vormahls durch den Hochberiihmten Artisten im Feuer Georgium Starckey, In Englis. Sprach beschrieben, und an Tag gegeben, jetzo aber durch einen Freund in das Hochteutsche gebracht und denen Filiis Artis mitgetheilet. Franckfurt am Mayn, Zu finden bey Georg Heinrich Oehrling 1711. 8°. Pp. [34] 247. Contents [4, i blank]. Wants the preliminary blank leaf. [Another Copy.] 8°. Pp. [2 blank, 18] 247. Contents [4, i blank]. Wants preliminary sheet b. The Admirable Efficacy, and almost incredible Virtue of true Oyl which is made of Sulphur- Vive set on fire, and called commonly Oyl of Sulphur per Campanam. See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 137. There is a translation of this in Dutch, together This tract is contained in the reprint of the with the tract on the Liquor Alkahest, and the Collectanea Chymica, London, 1893, p. 37. Mercurius Philosophorum, by lo. van de Velde, Amsterdam, 1688, 12°. De Vita et Scriptis Starckii. See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAEL), Philaletha Illustrates, 1706. The Marrow of Alchymy. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. STARK EY 403 STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued. Kern der Alchymie. See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHILOPONUS). Considerable confusion exists as to Starkey's life and works ; the accounts, all apparently from personal knowledge, are discordant, and he is so involved with the person known as Eirenaeus Philaletha (q.v. ), that it is difficult to disentangle them and treat them apart. Starkey is said to have been an apothecary who made the acquaintance of Philaletha in America, obtained from him a quantity of a powder for transmuting metals into silver, and some MSS. on alchemy. They separated, Starkey came to London, per- formed transmutations, but lost his powder in attempts to convert it into the tincture for gold, and edited (?) under the pseudonym of Irenaeus Philoponus Philaletha (q.v.) the Marrow of Alchymy, into which he seems to have introduced matters relating to himself personally. Accusations have been brought against him of having deceived Philaletha, and of having appropriated the MSS., and Cooper seems to think that he made away with some of them. Anyhow Cooper was very anxious to recover them if they still existed. He seems to have practised medicine and to have invented certain specifics, and claimed in the following tract to be the original maker of what was called Richard Mathew's Pill : — George Starkey's Pill vindicated from the un- learned Alchymist and all other pretenders. With a brief account of other excellent specifick Remedies of Extraordinary virtue, for the honour and vindica- tion of pyrotechny. No place (London?), no date (1660?), small 4°, pp. 8, but Sibley, quoting a copy in the Boston Athenaeum, says 8°, p. 16. The British Museum copy has no title-page, if ever there was one. In this he claims the invention, and avers that he gave the receipt to Mr. Richard Mathew, as is obvious from the appendix to his ' Unlearned Alchymist.' The tract is an advertisement of certain of his medicines. In one place he alludes to his youthful years, 1651 to 1655. He was well known and was on good terms with •GEORGE STIRK. Died 1665. 'George Stirk, Starkey, or Storkey, M.A., ap- pears to have been the son of the Reverend George Stirk, of the Somers or Bermuda Islands, author of the Musae Somerenses, published at London in 1635- Deceml>er 4, 1639, Patrick Copeland, an aged minister at the Bermudas, writes from Paget's Tribe to Governor John Winthrop : " I have sent you a small poesie of one of our preachers, whom the Lord hath taken to himselfe : he hath left behinde him a hopefull sonne of his owne name, who is reasonable well entred in the Latine tongue. If there be any good schole and schole maister with you, I could wish with all my heart that nee might have his education rather with you, then in old England, where our company there have, by their letters this yeere to our Governo' Capt. Thomas Chaddock (who desires the continuance of your love), promised after a yeere or two to take charge of his education with them. Hee is a fatherless 1 Antimony. Dr. George Thomson, and dedicated his Pyrotechny to Robert Boyle, to whom he was introduced by Dr. Robert Child. He published several works under his own name : Natures Explication and V. Helmonts Vindication, 1657, German translation, 1722; Liquor Alchahesl, edited by J. Astell, London, 1675, 12°, German translation, 1722, along with the preceding, and others. According to the Epistola of Hertodt, Starkey died of the plague in 1665, in the debtors' prison, but according to Cooper he died 'of the sickness," that is the plague, in 1665, in consequence of having made a post-mortem examination of a plague victim. Thomson mentions his illness and death without any details, and of another friend, Dr. Joseph Dey, and adds : ' They are gone, and at rest free from Persecution, Slanders and Obloquies of their Enemies, and have left me behind to deal with those that are always supplanting and contradicting the Truth.' Jean le Pelletier has left a vigorous defence of Starkey against the accounts of Hertodt and others in the preface to his translation of the Pyrotechny. Astell in his preface to the Liquor Alchahest refers to certain of Starkey's "moral failings." In spite of these he seems to have been kindly judged by Thomson, Astell, Pelletier, and others. The following narrative by Sibley is so different from the usual accounts, and gives such curious information about Starkey's life, that I have thought it better to transcribe the section as a whole, and let it stand on its own merits than attempt to work it into the ordinary biographies. It may be noticed that the form 'Stirk,' which seems to be really his name, corresponds better with the anagrams ' Egregius Christo,' and ' Vir gregis Gustos,' which occur in 'A True Light of Alchemy' (q.v.), than Starkey, which he seems to have preferred in England, possibly because of trivial popular associa- tions with the other. childe, and of good expectation, if God sanctifie his spirit." The persons of whom Copeland writes I conclude to be no other than the two George Stirks, father and son. In a subsequent letter to Winthrop, dated "From George's Prison, Christ's Schole, this last of the 7th m°. 47," Copeland writes: "I doubt not but you will afford your grave counsel to George Stirke, whom both his father and my selfe dedicated vnto God. I heare hee practises physick. I ever in- tended divinity should be his maine study." August 2, 1648, the graduate writes under the signature "Geo. Storkey" : — " To the Wpful Mr. John Winthrop at his house at the Pequot these. ' ' I heare you shortly intend to come to the Bay ; if by water, if you could spare any $' and $?2, I should content you for it and rest ingaged. If you could spare one or two of your greater glasses, you would do me a great pleasure. I wish, if you could find Helmont de Febribus, I might borrow him of 2 Mercury. 404 STARKEY STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued. you, as also de Lithiasi, also the little booke intituled Encheiridion Philosophiae restitutae, wth Arcanu Philos: at the end of it. If your WP would be pleased to remember the Keyes of the cabinets wherein your bookes are, I should count it an extreame felicity once to have the view of chemical bookes, wch I have not read a long time. Theatru Chemicu I should chiefly desire. I have built a furnace, very exquisitely, but want glasses, J £ g. Mr. Barkly is gone." As additional to the evidence afforded by these letters with regard to the parentage of the graduate, and that he was from the Bermudas, it may be remarked, that among the passengers who came to Boston in 1650, in the vessel which carried con- tributions to the suffering exiles from those islands who had settled at the Bahamas, mention is made of "Mr. Stirk's sister," and of Stirk's classmate, " Mr. White's son Nat: wh:." That Stirk remained in New England till he became Master of Arts appears not only from the fact of his having received this degree, on which occasion the candidate was expected to be present, but also from the circumstance that the title of " Mr.," signifying Master of Arts, is prefixed to his name on a record that he received £z 6s. 8d. of the disbursements made by President Dunster. Not long afterward he went to England, where he became eminent as a chemist, and published several treatises in English, " By George Starkey," and others in Latin, having on the title-page "a G. Starkeio." May 20, 1650, his name appears in the records of the General Court of Massachusetts as a party in interest to a petition of Elizabeth Stoughton, of Dorchester, widow of Israel Stoughton, for the confirmation to John Milam, of Boston, of a sale of " certajne lands, which, wth part of the tidemills and other the appurtenances, is menconed in a deed between hir & George Stirke, hir sonne, and John Milam."1 In the Interleaved Triennial Catalogue of the Reverend Nicholas Oilman, H.U. 1724, is written against Stirk's name, ' ' Med. Engld. Died in ye Great Plague." In a manuscript lecture on Sir George Downing by Charles Wentworth Upham, it is stated that Stirk ' ' rendered himself famous, by his professional skill, during the dreadful plague in London in 1665. His extraordinary knowledge of chemistry led him to the discovery of a remedy which, if properly applied, was always found effectual. He was the only physician in the city who could cure the plague. As may be well supposed, he was in such constant demand that his constitution became debilitated by fatigue and exposure, and at length the disease fastened upon him. His remedy was required to be administered at a particular stage of the malady when the patient had passed into a delirium. As he felt himself approaching that state, he gave the most minute directions to his attendants in reference to the mode of administer- ing his medicine. When the delirium had passed off he made inquiries as to the treatment he had alf this "George Stirke" be the graduate, it is obvious, though not sustained by any known record, that Israel Stoughton subsequently to the birth of his son, Governor William Stoughton, H.U. 1650, became a widower, and married the widow of the Reverend George Stirk. 2 Upham writes: "For the circumstances in received, and found that an irremediable and fatal error had been committed. He had scarcely time to declare that he was a dying man. His remedy died with him."2 A letter of the Reverend John Allin, H.U. 1643, printed in the Archaeologia of the Society of An- tiquaries, and dated at London, 14 September, 1665, states : ' ' Our friend Dr. Starkey is dead of this visitation [the plague], wth about 6 more of them chymicall practitioners, who in an insulting way over other Galenists, and in a sorte over this visitation sicknes, which is more a judgment than a disease, because they could not resist it by their Galenical medicines, wch they were too confident y' their chymical medicines could doe, they would give money for the most infected body they could heare of to dissect, which yey had, and opened to search the seate of this disease, &c. ; upon ye opening whereof a stinch ascended from the body, and infected them every one, and it is said they are all dead since, the most of them distractedly madd, whereof G. Starkey is one." WORKS. 1. Nature's Explication | . . . | By George Starkey, a Philosopher made by the | fire, and a professor of that medicine which | is real and not Histrionical. || London, 1657. 16°. (Boston Athe- naeum.) 2. Pyrotechny | Asserted and Illustrated, | . . . || London, eds. 1658 and 1696. 16°. (Boston Athenaeum. ) 3. George Starkey's Pill Vindicated | From the Unlearned Alchymist and all | other pretenders. | With | A brief account of other excellent Specifickj Remedies of extraordinary Virtue, for | the honour and vindication of Pyrotechny. || 8°. n.p., n.d. pp. 16. (Boston Athenaeum.) 4. Royal and innocent Blood crying to Heaven for vengeance. London, 1660. 4°. 5. A smart Scourge for a silly sawcy Fool. 1664. 4°. 6. A brief Censure and Examination of several Medicines of late Years extolled for universal Remedies. Lond., 1664. 4°. 7. An Epistolary Discourse to the learned and deserving author of Galens-pale \sic\. Lond., 1665. 4°. 8. Letter to George Thompson. Lond., 1665. 8°. 9. Geo. Starkey's Liquor Alkahest the Immortal dissolvent of Paracelsus and Helmont. 1675. 8Q. 10. The Admirable | Efficacy, | And almost in- credible Virtue of true | Oyl, . . . || London, 1683. 8°, pp. [13]. (Boston Athenaeum.) This tract, with its title, occupies pages 137-151 of the Collectanea Chymica. It mentions " George Starkey 's House, in St. Thomas Apostles, next door to Black-Lyon-C0«r/ " ; and the editor, on page 151, states that Starkey lived there when his treatise was written, ' but he dyed (as I have been informed) of the Sickness, Anno. Dom. 1665, by venturing to Anatomize a Corps dead of the Plague (as Mr. Thomson the Chymist had done before him, and lived many Years after), but Mr. Starkey 's adven- reference to his connection with the plague of London, and his tragical and sudden death, I am indebted to the late venerable and learned Doctor Edward Augustus Holyoke, of Salem. He related them to me when in his one hundred and first year. They had been brought to his knowledge by tradi- tion, which, when it reached him, however, was so recent as to have a very high degree of authority." STARKE Y—STA TTLER 405 STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued, ture cost him his Life, however the Medicine truly made and prepared from Mineral Sulphur called Sulphur Vive, may now be had of very many Chy mists in and about London, nay, the difficulty in making thereof is not so great, but that you may make it your self if you please, and if you do but wait the Time, and Opportunity to buy the Mineral Sulphur (not common Brimstone) for the Mineral is not to be had at all times. " The Process and shape for the Glass Bell, and the manner of making and rectifying this Spirit from Mineral Sulphur or Sulphur Vive as it conies George Thomson, AOIMOTOMIA or the Pest anatomized, London, 1666, pp. 83, 96, 100. Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langeloitum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 143, 145. William Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 1675, sigs. R2 recto ; Part ii. D3 recto. William Cooper, Ripley Revived, 1678, notes and advertisements. William Cooper, Collectanea Chymica, 1684, p. 151. Mangel, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 698 (Hertodt's ' Epistola'). Joh. Michael Faustius, Philaletha Illustrates, 1706, Praefatio Faustii, sig. C3 verso. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 306. (Review of the ' Pyrotechnia ' from the Ada Lipsiensia, Ann. 1692, p. 180, Supplem. Tom. i.). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermdtique, 1742, i. pp. 404, 480 ; iii. p. 302. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col. 1249 (a mere note). Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, Amst. , 1751, i. pp. 138-139. Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 114 (under Philalethes). Pharmacopie du College Royal des Mddccins de Londres, 1761, i. p. cxxv. (about Starkey's and Malhew's Pill). Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 17. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 639 (Dutch translation). Stone-like out of the Earth, it may be seen in the Chymical Works of Hartmann and Crollius called Royal Chymistry, Charas's Royal Pharmacopeia, Lefebure, l^hibault, Lemery, Glaser, Schroder's Dispensatory, and many others." Authorities. Archaeologia, xxxvii. 10 ; Mas- sachusetts Hist. Society, Collections, xxxix. 279, 353> 359- J> Quincy, History of Harvard Uni- University, i. 457 ; J. Savage, Genealogical Diction- ary, iv. 172, 197 ; Interleaved Triennial Catalogues ; other MSS.' Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. p. 20 (Dutch version of the ' Pyrotechny '). Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. pp. 50, 93, 94, 126. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 744 ; 1798, ii. pp. 4, 333, 514. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii. 8752. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 39*. 394- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ''• P- 248 > 1869, ii. p. 240. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855. P- SIS- Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, p. 279. Archceologia, 1857, xxxvii. p. 10 (Starkey's death from the autopsy of a plague victim ; article on the Plague by W. D. Cooper). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1619. John Langdon Sibley, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge [Mass.], 1873, i. pp. I3I-I37. Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers, ed. Waite, 1888, pp. 195, 197. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 568 (quotes John Langdon Sibley's ' Biographical Sketches '). Dictionary of National Biography, 1898, liv. p. 107 (article by Edward Irving Carlyle), Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 489. STATTLER (BENEDICT). Mineralogiae et Metallurgiae Chemicae Principia Physica auctore P. Bened. Stattler S. J. Philosoph. Professore Publ. Ord. in Alma Universitate Oenipontana. Permissu Superiorum. Oeniponti, Sumptibus Mich. Ant. Wagner, Caes. Reg. Aulag & Universitatis Typogr. ac Bibl. 1765. 8°. Pp. [8] 224. Plate of apparatus. Stattler was born at Kotzing in the Bavarian forest (bishoprick of Ratisbon), 30 Jan. (others 13 Septr.), 1728. He acquired the rudiments of Latin in the Benedictine Monastery of Nieder- altaich, and finished his school and gymnasium training at Munich, and entered the Jesuit order in 1745 at Landesberg on the Lech. At Ingol- stadt he spent three years on philosophy, a year on mathematics and three years on theology, became a teacher in the gymnasium at Straubing, Landshut and Neuburg, and was made a priest in 1759. At Solothurn and Innsbruck he lectured for six years on philosophy and theology, and in 1770 was made doctor and professor of theology at Ingolstadt, and he still continued there, even after the order had been abolished. In 1773 he was elected a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences at Munich, in 1776 he held the under pastoral charge of St. Moritz in Ingolstadt, and he was Vice-Chancellor of the University. When the Bavarian branch of the Maltese Order was estab- lished and the ' pastoral ecclesiastical ' chairs in the universities and schools in Bavaria were taken over from the monasteries, and the secular priests and ex-Jesuits removed from their offices, Stattler went in 1782 as town-pastor to Kemnath in the Ober- pfalz, but resigned his charge in a few years and removed to Munich where he became electoral ecclesiastical councillor and member of the ' Cen- surcollegium. ' 406 STA TTLER— STEINBERGEN STATTLER (BENEDICT). Continued. In 1794 he obtained permission to retire and thereafter lived privately at Munich. He was a man of regular and blameless life, strenuous for the truth, but intolerant of those who differed from him. He was aggressive and had many disputes in the University at Ingolstadt, though his ability, acuteness and speculative genius were fully recognised. Although considered at one time an innovator in philosophy, latterly he resisted all novelty with Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed., 1784, iii. p. 604 ; Nachtrag, 1787, ii. p. 370 ; 1788, iii. p. 349 ; 1791, iv. p. 711 ; 1795, v- "• P- 373- Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 743 (from Meusel). Friedrich Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog auf das Jahr 1797, viii. Jahrgang, Zweyter Band, Gotha, 1801, pp. 145-190 (by Jacob Salat). Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch beriihmter und denkwiirdiger Personen, welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben, 1809, XIII. i. pp. 141-156. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 •verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii. pp. 298-304. Clemens Alois Baader, Lexikon verstorbener Baierischer Schriftsteller des achtzehcnten und indefensible violence. By his partisans and admirers he was overpraised, by his opponents he was over-depreciated, but after his death a more accurate estimate was formed of his undoubted merits. He died at Munich, 24 Augt., 1797, of apoplexy, and the bulk of his fortune, which was not incon- siderable, was left to schools and to the poor. His writings refer principally to philosophy and theology. neunzehenten Jahrhunderts, Augsburg und Leipzig, 1825, II. ii. pp. 176-182 (list of forty-six writings ; references to authorities). De Backer, Bibliotheque des £crivains de la Compagnie de Jtsus, 1859, v. pp. 706-711. Werner, Geschichte der katholischen Theologie, 1866, pp. 167, 173, &c. , &c. ['Geschichte der Wis- senschaften in Deutschland, Sechster Band, Mttn- chen, 1866']. Carl Prantl, Geschichte der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universitdt in Ingolstadt, Landshut, Munchen, Miinchen, 1872, ii. p. 512. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp. 498-506 (by Reusch). Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Compag- nie de Jtsus, Bibliographic, 1896, vii. cols. 1498- 1509. STEIN DER WEISEN. See V. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. iv. See EROFFNETE Gehcimnisse des Steins der Weisen [1708]. STEIN (Vom) der weisen Philosophen. See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 354. STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). See CHYMISCHER MONDEN-SCHEIN. See CHYMlsCH-Unterirdischer Sonnen-Glantz. See METALLISCHER BAUM-GARTEN. See NEU (Die) aufgehende Chimische Sonne. See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINAND VON). The author of these tracts appears under four different names. Fictuld (Th. ii. p. 135) says the author first called himself Christian Friedrich von Sternenberg, but afterwards changed his name to Steinbergen ('the Stars to a Stone"). He was a cheat, arch- sophist, etc., from the Fictuldian point of view. Fictuld assigns to him not only the first and third of the above tracts, but also the Practica natures vera of Chrysostomus Ferdinand von Sabor (q.v.), who, he says, is no other than Steinbergen, as well as the fourth tract, which is probably also by the same. In the Beytrag the author of the Practica is called Sabor, but his true name, it is said, is Christian Friedrich Sendimir von Siebenstern. This is repeated by Kloss, by Schmieder and by Kopp, without any reference, however, to Fictuld's statements. Dufresnoy simply mentions von Sabor and his book. Of the person, or persons, above mentioned, I have found no notice, and I do not know Fictuld's authority for identifying them. Ladrague in his note to No. 1382 decides in favour of Fictuld's view, but without stating any special reason for so doing. The following minute points may serve to indicate a connection between these books and so confirm Fictuld's statement, though no weight is ever to be attached to what he says. The author of the Chymisch-unterirdischer Son- nen-Glantz conceals his name under the phrase : Christlich, Fiirsichtig Vnd Stille, the initials of which, C. F. V. S., correspond either with Stein- bergen's or with Sabor's. All the treatises, (i) 'Sonnen-Glantz,' (2) Sabor's ' Practica,' and (3) ' Monden Schein,1 are provided with frontispieces, and although they are by no means alike, they have a few details in common which may imply or involve a unity of origin. These can be appreciated only by comparison, but, amongst others, the resemblance of the dress, figure and attitude of the chemist, and that of the apparatus in (i) and (2) ; the three flasks in (2) and (3) ; the mottoes " Eins in alien, alles in eins'' in (3) and "Alles in einem" in (i), can hardly be accidental. But whether the author's real name was Stein- bergen or Sabor, Sternenberg or Siebenstern, I cannot decide. S TEINBERGEN-S TEPHANI 407 STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). Continued. that Giildenfalk agrees with Kloss and other author- ities above mentioned.) Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, p. 660. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 517. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 196, No. 2636. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1381-84. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 348. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 292. Fictuld, Probier-Slein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 83, 136 ; Th. ii. p. 135. Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr ah hundert wahrhaften Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, p. 291, No. 93. ('Nachricht von des Baron von Sabors ausgearbeiteten Tinktur und damit von ihm angestellten Projektion ' ; in the index he says that Sabor is 'eigentlich der Herr von Siebenstern,' so STEINER (PETER). Handschrift von der Universal Materie. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 189. STELLIS (GRATIANUS AMANDUS DE). Geistlicher Discurs und Betrachtung. See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt, 1781, p. 123. The first edition of this treatise was published at Oppenheim, 1618, and reprinted as above in 1781. Frankfurt, Hermann, 1824 ; and an account of it is contained in the reprint of the Fama and Con- An abstract of it appeared in the fifth 'Sammlung fession, 1827. Nothing is said about the author, der Blatter fur hohere Wahrheit,' by J. F. v. Meyer, who appears here probably under a pseudonym. Die beyden Hauptschriften der Rosenkreuzer, die Fama und die Confession, Frankfurt a. M., 1827, p. 88. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, Nos. 2429, 2432, 2538. STENTZEL (CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED). Ste WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG), Verniinflftige Gedancken vom Gold-Machen, Vorrede, 1734. Stentzel was a doctor of medicine and professor at Wittenberg, and wrote a number of works on medical topics, a list of which is given by Zedler. They include one on poisons, on philtres, on the sur- gery of Stahl, on theoretico-practical medicine, and De Somno sanitatis et morborum przesidio diatriba, Leipzig, 1721, 1725, 8°. This was published by Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 894 (discussion on sleep in health and disease, 1725). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col. 1841 (list of writings). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 813 (Programma). Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iv. p. 582. the author in Greek and Latin, and he wrote it because the physicians were not agreed in their opinions about sleeping and waking. In the present instance he wrote a short preface to Wedel's book, in which he enumerates the lead- ing names in alchemy, and gives a brief criticism. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 179 (botanical writings). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 84 (surgical disputations). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1776, i. PP- 58, 77- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 663. STEPHANI (JOHANN EMANUEL). Henckelius in Mineralogia Redivivus das ist Hencklischer aufrichtig und griindlicher Unterricht von der Mineralogie oder Wissenschaft von Wassern, Erdsaften, Salzen Erden, Steinen und Erzen nebst angefiigtem Unterrichte von der Chymia Metallurgica wie selbigen der wohlselige Herr Bergrath, Johann Friedrich Henckel, sowohl seinen in der Mineralogie und Chymie gehabten Scholaren discursive ertheilet, als auch der Nachwelt zum Dienst in Manuscripto hinterlassen zum unsterblichen Andenken ediret, aufs neue iibersehen, und mit einigen nach denen vorgefundenen Bergarten gemachten 408 STEPHANI—STERNHALS STEPHANI (JOHANN EMANUEL). Continued. Anmerkungen bin und wieder vermehret von einem dem Hencklischen Hause ergebensten In Erubrigten Stunden Drefsden, bey Johann Nicolaus Gerlach, 1759. 8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 344. [Another Copy.] Wants the frontispiece. Another edition quoted is of Dresden, 1747. The is dated: Freyberg, 30 June, 1746, and his initials author's name is at the end of the dedication, which are those of the words : In Erubrigten Stunden. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 67. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1373. STERNANKER (TIMOTHEUS). Versuch iiber den Zweck und Nichtzweck des Steins der Weisen. Ein Sendschreiben an alle wahre Adepten, von Timotheus Sternanker. Amsterdam, 1782. 8°. Pp. 28. This missive does not deal with experimental alchemy, but treats of the significance of the ' stone ' from a moral and religious stand-point. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 595. Ladrague, Bi bliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1421. STERNBERG (JOHANN VON). Gloria Mundi. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 95. See GLORIA MUNDI. STERNENBERG. See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). STERNHALS QOHANN). See also SENTENTIA. See also URTHEIL. Ritter Krieg, das ist ein Philosophisch gedicht, in Form eines Gerichtlichen Procefs, Wie zwey Metallen, nemlich, SOL vnd MARS durch Klag, Antwort, vnd Beweifs, jegliches Natur vnd Eygenschafft von jrem natiirlichen Gott vnd Richter Mercurio gehoret, vnd entlich durch ein wolgegriindtes Vrtel, mit ewigwerender Freundtschafft einig zusamen verbunden werden. Lenger den vor 100. Jaren durch einen denckwirdigen Herrn, Joanne Sternhals damals Catholischen Priester des bischofflichen Stiffts Bamberg, als einen waren Chymic. vn Philos. Laut seiner eigenen Vorrede, gestellet Durch, Johan. Schaubert, der K. Reichsstadt Northausen verordenten Organisten, Ano 1595. 8°. Sigs. A-G in eights, H4 ; or pp. [120]. Title red and black. 8 woodcuts. Vignette (repeated Bv verso) of the dispute between Iron and Gold. Hiiij verso. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Erffordt, durch Martin : Wittel, im Jahr 1595. ^Enigmata de Tinctura on sig. Giiij recto. STERNHALS— STILLER 409 STERNHALS QOHANN). Continued. Ritter-Krieg das ist : Ein Philosophisch-Geschicht, in Form eines gerichtlichen Processes, wie zwey Metallen, nemblich Sol und Mars, durch Klag, Antwort und Beweifs, jegliches Natur un Eigenschaft von ihrem natiirlichen Gott und Richter £rio gehoret, und endlich durch ein wol-gegriindetes Urtheil, mit ewigwahrender Freundschafft einig zusammen verbunden warden. Langer denn vor 200. Jahren durch den Ehr-Wiirdigen Herrn Johann Sternhals, damahls Catholischen Priester des Bischofflichen Stiffts Bamberg, als einem wahren Chymico und Philosopho laut seiner eigenen Vorrede gestellet. Jtzo wieder auffs neu ubersehen und zum Druck heraufsgegeben. Ham- burg, In Verlegung Georg Wolff, Buchhandl. in S. Johanes-Kirchen 1680. 8°. Pp. [12, 2 blank] 96. Frontispiece and 6 woodcuts. ^Enigmata de Tinctura, P- 75- According to the author's own account he was a But it is more in title and form than in content Catholic priest at Bamberg, and, after thirty years' that there is an analogy between Sternhals' work practice in alchemy, composed this tract in 1488. and the ' Uralter Ritterkrieg,1 which Kopp regards Roethe, however, points out that the contents and as the original of Sternhals'. This, however, can language are more like 1588, and that the rhymed hardly be the case, since Sternhals' book was and other additions in the 1680 edition did certainly printed in 1595, as above, and even then professes not emanate from a Catholic priest of the sixteenth to be a reprint of a work composed a hundred years century, whatever the book itself may have done. earlier, whereas the ' Uralter Ritterkrieg,' so far as It must not be confounded with the anonymous I know, was not published till 1604. Ural/er Ritter Krieg (q.v.), which has nothing in Appended to Sendivogius' Novum Lumen common with it. Chemicum, 1624, in the ' Epilogus ' of Orthelius, The edition of 1595, which appears to be the first, p. 227, there is a description of certain pictures is rare. A copy is mentioned by Ladrague, but the which apparently were meant to illustrate Sternhals' edition was unknown to Fictuld and to the author book. A Latin translation is contained in the of the Beytrag, and the book is either unknown to Theatrum Chemicum, 1661, vi. p. 519. See the later writers— Roethe had not seen a copy — or "URTHEIL oder Vergleichung " and 'SENTENTIA,' confused with the other. The similarity of titles is respectively, troublesome, especially as the two books were issued together in 1680. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1735, Th. ii. p. 122. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 26. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences p. 831. Secretes, 1870, No. 997. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 330. p. 632. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxvi. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie p. 122 (by Roethe). der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 132. STILLER (JOHANN MARTIN). Joh. Martin Stillers. Cons. Chymischer Natur-Spiegel von denen Drey Reichen der Welt bey dieser andern Edition mit den Zweyten Theile vermehret. In verlegung Nicolai Forsters, Buchhandl. in Hannover. Anno 1685. 8°. Pp. [12] 62 [2 blank]. 2 title-pages. Ander Theil. 8°. [14] 66. The second part has a separate title. The special titles of the two parts are as follows : Chymischer Natur-Spiegel, Erster Theil. Darinnen zu schauen die drey Reiche der Welt, als Vegetabile, Animale, & Minerale, von welchem jeden eine besondere Artzney zuzurichten gelehret wird. Auch de Prima Materia eines jeden Dinges ; absonderlich aber, von dem Ersten-Wesen der Metallen, Quecksilber genant ; davon zu unterscheiden der Mercurius Philosophorum, und Merc. Vulgi ; von dem Edlen Vitriol, und seiner Tugend ; von dem dreyfachen Wunder-Saltze, Nitrum genant. Allen Kunstliebenden Nachforschern treulich an Tag gegeben, und mit vielen Experi- mentis in Druck verfertiget, durch Joan. Martin. Stillern, Cons. Anno M.DC.LXXXV. 410 STILLER— STOLCIUS STILLER QOHANN MARTIN). Continued. Chymischen Natur-Spiegels Ander Theil. Ars Transmutatoria Das ist : Ein Species in das andere zu verwandeln, welches durch die edle Alchymia geschicht, dadurch das hochst-verlangende Universal der gantzen Welt fur Augen gestellet, und klarlich mit Beweifsthums-Griinden, ohue Metaphora gezeiget wird. Beynebenst gegriindeten Ursachen vor der Sophisten und dergleichen Anhang zu bitten. Auch Bericht derer wahrhafftigen Historien der Transmutation Metallorum, welche von vielen vornehmen Adeptis, und wahrhafftigen Leuten gesehen worden. Auff Begehren suchenden Liebhabern der Natur in Druck verfertiget durch Johann: Martin: Stiller, Cons. Hannover in verlegung Nicolai Forsters Gedrucket bey Wolffgang Schwen- dimann, 1685. The following authorities mention Stiller's name part of his book to Karl, Landgrave of Hesse, and his book, but vouchsafe little information about Prince of Hersfeld and Count of Catzenelnbogen, either, except Fictuld, who criticises certain of the and to Gustav, Count of Sayn, Hoenstein, and author's views, but thanks him for the defence of Wittgenstein, from which last place he dates it, the transmutation of metals in the second part. 5 Martii, 1685. The author of Keren Happuch Kopp calls him of Annaberg, 1683; he styles designates him 'ein verlauffener Apothecker-Junge.' himself ' Consiliarius, ' and dedicates the second Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, Th. ii. p. 137. Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 122. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 93. Secretes, 1870, No. 1185 (only the second part, Jocher, Allgemeines GeffArf en-Lexicon, 1751, iv. ' ars transmutatoria '). col. 843. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 354. STOCK (WILHELM RICHARD). See ETNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH), Manes Poterianae. STOLCIUS (DANIEL) de Stolcenberg. Hortulus Hermeticus Flosculis Philosophorum Cupro Incisis Conformatus, & breuissimis versiculis explicatus quo Chymiatriae Studios! pro Philotheca uti, fessique Laboratoriorum ministri recreari possint. Authore M. Daniele Stolcio de Stolcenberg Bohemo, Med: Cand: Poeta Lau: Cor: Adversis Clarius Ardet. Francofurti, Impensis Lucae Jennisii. An. M.DC.XXVII. 8°. Pp. 165 [3 blank]. The first eight pages are printed as usual, then on page 9, and every fourth page thereafter, there is a steel engraving containing four small emblematic pictures with a motto and an alchemist's name. Below the engraving are printed the mottoes. Pp. 10-11, 14-15, 18-19, and so on to the end, are blank. Pp. 8, 12, and every fourth page thereafter, have two couplets on each of the symbols on the follow- ing page. Hortulus Hermeticus. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chcmica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 895. Nothing seems to be known about this author Augen vnnd Gemiit dardurch zuerlustigen, sondern except what the title-page tells us, that he was zugleich ein scharffes nachdencken der Natur, bey from Bohemia, a ' candidatus medicinae ' and a alien Filijs Doctrinae, zuerwecken. Franckfurt laureated poet. If he were so, his poems must am Mayn bey Luca Jennis zu finden. Anno have had some merit, but his existence never- M. DC. XXV. 4°, pp. 24 [2], 4 large folding plates, theless has been overlooked by such literary The ten plates, each containing sixteen emblems historians as Jordens, Grasse, and Goedeke. belonging to the most famous chemists from The present work in German was appended to Hermes to Mylius, begin on p. 7 and fall on the 'Dyas Chymica Tripartita,' printed by Lucas every odd page following. Jennis in 1625, 4°. In his preface Jennis seems to claim the author- It has a distinct title-page and pagination : ship of the collection, and says that it was Hermetico-Spagyrisches Lustgartlein : Darinnen previously used in the ' Opus Medico-Chymicum ' of Hundert vnd Sechtzig vnterschiedliche, schone, Johannes Daniel Mylius (q.v.), but without mention- Kunstreiche, Chymico-Sophische Emblemata, oder ing in which of the three divisions of that work, Geheymnufs-reiche Spriiche der wahren Her- published in 1618, it occurs. It is in the third : metischen Philosophen. Sampt beygefiigten, noch 'Tractatus III. seu Basilica Philosophica continens vier grossen, schb'nen vnnd tieffsinnigen Theo- lib. III.' The emblems are printed in four rows of sophischen Figuren. Nicht allein sehr dienstlich, four each, and occupy ten leaves. In my copy S TO LCI US— S TORCH 411 STOLCIUS (DANIEL). Continued. they are inserted at the end of the Prasfatio. In the British Museum copy they are placed at the end of the volume, after the third book. To Stolcius also is ascribed another work : Viridarium Chymicum figuris cupro incisis adornatum & Poeticis Picturis illustratum authore DanieleStolcio.Francofurti, Jennisius, 1624, oblong 8°. The difficulty connected with this ascription is that a similar book bears the name of Michael Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 214. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 76, 200. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 371 (a mere mention). Dictionnaire Bibliographique, 1790, iii. p. 58 Maier (q.v.) : Viridarium Chymicum, Das ist : Chymisches Lust-Gartlein . . . , M DC LXXXVIII. Oblong 8°, pp. 112. The illustrations begin on p. 9 and fall on the odd pages to the end ; the accompanying verses are on the even pages opposite. They start with the Twelve Keys of Basilius Valentinus ; then come the emblems from the Aurea Mensa, twenty-eight from the Atalanta fugiens, and eight modified from the Rosarium. (indicates that the 'Hortulus' was then considered ' tres-rare '). Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 521. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1103. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886. ii. p. 374. STOLL (JOHANN GOTTLIEB). Etwas zur richtigen Beurtheilung der Theosophie, Cabbala, Magie, und anderer geheimer ubernatiirlicher Wissenschaften. Herausgegeben von Johann Gott- lieb Stoll. Nebst einem Kupfer. Leipzig 1786. 8°. Pp. [2] 174. Engraved plate. Not about alchemy. STOLL (WOLFFGANG GEORC). See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714. The person who, according to Zedler, was the translator of this book, was probably identical with a distinguished mechanician and artist at Leipzig who flourished at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth century. ' He was famous for the medicines which he discovered and which were used far and near. He invented a glaze with which he could decorate churches and halls, so that the walls shone like a ruby, sapphire, or emerald. He gave a proof of this at Berlin in 1709. At the court he showed the king all his secrets and covered some thousands of roofing stones with his glaze for the bell tower. Among his inventions was a new kind of music made from pieces of charcoal along with musical bells and cymbals. The king of Sweden saw these and other devices in 1707, when he was in the camp at Altranstadt in the vicinity of Leipzig, and not only displayed great interest in his contrivances, but conferred on him many marks of favour, and Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Thealrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 90-91. allowed him, along with his sons, to take his food with him at the "general table." In 1708 and 1709 the kings of Poland and Denmark were also eyewitnesses of his arcana, and bestowed on him gold medals.' Roth-Scholtz praises Stall's Preface to this trans- lation, and says that it is worth all the money, though the rest of the book were valueless. He also adds that he ' had the honour to know him at Leipzig in 1704,' and, writing these remarks 26 Augt., 1723, wonders if he were still alive. The book was published again at Leipzig in 1723, 4°, with the title: 'Medicina Metallorum,' a change which he is at a loss to understand. But, besides, Stall's dedication was omitted and other pre- liminary matter a? well, and this is the cause of more regret to Roth-Scholtz. In all his remarks, however, Roth-Scholtz does not make any allusion which would justify the supposition of the identity of the author with the inventor. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 379. Taschenbuch fiir Alchemislen, 1790, p. 137. STORCH (JOHANN). Praxis Stahliana, das ist Herrn Georg Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preufsischen Hof- Rath und Leib-Medici, Collegium Practicum, welches theils von Ihm privatim in die Feder dictirt, theils von seinen damahligen Auditoribus aus dem Discurs mrt besonderem Fleifs nachgeschrieben, Nunmehro aber aus dem Lateinischen ins Deutsche iibersetzt, mit vielen Anmerckungen und Raisonne- mens aus 29. jahriger Praxi bekrafftiget und erlautert, auch nach der Vorschrifft 412 STORCH— STRA USSIUS STORCH QOHANN). Continued. des Herrn Autoris bey dieser zweyten Auflage urn viel vermehrt und verbessert zum Druck befordert worden von D. Johann Storchen, alias Hulderico Pelargo. Fiirstl. Sachs. Eisenachischen Hof-Medico und Stadt-Physico. Leipzig, Verlegts Caspar Jacob Eyssel, 1732. 4°. Pp. [12] 1440. Index [44]. Title red and black. Woodcut of a death's head moth. Music against the Tarantula. This physician also called himself, as here, Huldericus Pelargus. His birthplace was Ruhla, near Eisenach, where he came into the world 2 Feb., 1681. From 1698 he studied at Jena and at Erfurt, where he obtained the doctorate with a dissertation, ' De paucitate et delectu medica- mentorum. ' He practised at Ohrdruf and Weimar, and in 1708 removed to Eisenach. Some years later, in 1720, he was appointed to the post of inspector of apothecaries, town and garrison physician, and court and private physician of the Duke of Saxe- Eisenach and of Prince Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt. In 1735 he declined an invitation to become physician to the Russian court, which procured for him the title of Rath. As a member of the Academia Naturas Curiosorum he was received 4 January, 1739, with the name Erotianus II. In Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 435. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 652, 790, 938. Jacob Storch, D. Johann Storchs, alias Pelargi, . . . Leitung und Vorsorge des Hochsten Gottes, das ist : Dessen Lebens-Lauf, Schicksale, fatale Kranck- heit und seeliger Abschied, nebst dem Sections- Schein ; Theils aus dessen Autographs aufgezeichnet ', theils auch mit nothigen Anmerckungen erkldret, und auf Begehren zum Druck befordert, Eisenach, verlegt von Michael Gottlieb Griesbach, 1752, 4°, pp. 48. (This is mainly autobiographical, with notes by the editor). Biichner, Academiae . , . Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 506, No. 485. Portal, Histoire de t 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1770, v. p. in. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 91 (not a very favourable notice). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 390. Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 752. 1742 he was at Gotha, where he served as Rath and physician of the Duke as well as physician of the garrison, town and district. He remained at Gotha till his death, which happened 9 January, 1751. He was also imperial Pfalzgraf. Storch's writings are confined to medicine, in which he was a warm adherent of Stahl. The present work refers not to Stahl's chemistry, but to his medical views. The first edition appeared in 1727 or 1728. Both dates are given, so that it is possible there was an issue in both years. He wrote also on obstetrics, and one of his most notable works is one on the diseases of children, Eisenach, 1750-51, 4 vols. A treatise entitled : His- torische und practische Observationes vom Lieben- steiner Sauerbrunnen, 1727, is quoted by Gmelin. He was greatly esteemed as a practical physician. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 766. Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 272. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. p. 546. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mdde- cine, 1839, iv. p. 225. Dictionnaire Encyclopgdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1883, xii. p. 218. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 553- B. Schuchardt, ' Lebensbeschreibungen beriihm- ter Aerzte und Naturforscher, welche aus Thiiringen stammen. VII. Johann Storch al. Pelargus, ' Cor- respondentz-Blatt des allgemeinen drztlichen Vereins von Thiiringen, Weimar, 1888, xvii. pp. 264-274. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 793. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxvi. p. 439 (article by Pagel). distance, and thus enabled persons to communicate with each other. Strada's book was licensed to be printed in 1617 ; can the idea here have been bor- rowed from him ? STRANGE (A) letter concerning an Adept. See FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick. Anterior to the suggestion of a telegraph in this tract, was that by Famianus Strada who describes an arrangement of an alphabet with a magnetic needle, which when moved to any letter caused corresponding motions in a similar instrument at a Strada, Eloquentia Biparlita, Amstelaedami, 1658, p. 326 (' Prolusiones Academicae, lib. ii. Prol. vi.). STRAUSSIUS (LAURENTIUS). See GLISSENTI (FABIO), 1671. Epistola ad Dygbaeum (de Pulvere Sympathetico). See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. 193. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 66 1, p. 131. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 127 STRA USSIUS—STRUVE 413 STRAUSSIUS (LAURENTIUS). Continued. Lorenz Strauss was born at Ulm, 9 Feb., 1633. His father, also called Lorenz, who was a mer- chant, gave him an excellent school-training at Ulm, and then sent him in 1652 to the University of Jena, where he had Rolfinck, Moebe, and Schenck as his teachers in philosophy and medicine. Specially interested in the latter he proceeded to Montpellier in 1656, spent some time there, and, it is said, at Strasburg, and returned home by Geneva and Basel. In 1658 he repaired to Heidelberg, and, after acquiring the licentiateship, to Darmstadt, where he received a court appointment as physician of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt by the influence of his friend and father-in-law, Johann Daniel Horst. In 1662 the professorship of medicine and physics at Giessen was conferred upon him, and shortly afterwards the degree of doctor from the medical Mercklin, Lindenius rcnovatus, 1686, p. 737. Witte, Diarii biographici Tomus Secundus, 1691 ; Ann. 1687, Apnl 6 ; p. 142. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 324. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1740, p. 815. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 371, 391, 525 ; ii. pp. 596, 626, 738, 898, 1042. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 877. Portal, Histoirt de I' Anatomic etde la Chirurgie, 1770, ii. p. 671. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 520. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 499. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 352 (powder of sympathy). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 568 (§ DXXXIX.) ; 1779, iii. p. 258. faculty of Heidelberg. He was particularly dis- tinguished by his anatomical lectures. He was the author of a number of medical disputations and theses, and books on anatomy and practical medicine, edited works by Gregorius Horst, senr. (Jocher says jr. ), and Schenckius von Grafenberg, and translated the 1660 edition of the THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM. The only work on chemistry which he published was the translation from the Italian of Glissenti's book : Fabii Glissenti Tractatus de lapide philosophorum, Giessae, 1671, 8°. He engaged in a vehement controversy with Job. Jac. Waldschmidt on the aetiology of Catalepsis. Some of his writings are in verse. In 1687 while travelling during the Frankfurt ' Ostermesse ' to visit friends, as he had often done before, he was seized with a catarrhal fever, which carried him off on the 6 April of that year. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iv. p. 328. Albr. Weyermann, Nachrichten von Gelehrien Ktinstlern und andern merkwiirdigen Personen aus Ulm, Ulm, 1798, i. p. 493. Fried. Wilh. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hes- sischen Gelehrten- und Schriftsteller-Geschichle . . . Herausgegeben von D. Ltidwig Wackier, Marburg, 1812, xvi. pp. 53.57. Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 275. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, ii. p. 165. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1883, xii. p. 352. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 560. Billings, Index-Catalogue ,1892, xiii. p. 815. STREIT und Gesprach des Goldes und Mercurij wider den Stein der Weisen. ^f See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Th. iii., p. 217. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 765. See also URALTER RITTER-KRIEG. The above tract is the Uralter Ritter-Krieg, with verbal differences. STRUMPF (CHRISTOPH CARL). See SCHULZ (JOHANN HEINRICH), 1745. STRUVE (HEINRICH). Bibliotheque de Chymie du Nord, ou Recueil peViodique de ce qu'il y a d'essentiel, d'interessant & de plus nouveau, sur-tout en fait d'observations & de de'couvertes en Chymie, dans les collections acade'miques & dans les autres ouvrages des Savans du Nord, avec les extraits & la notice des livres modernes qui traitent de cette science. Par M. H. Struve, fils, Professeur en Chymie, & membre de plusieurs Socie*tes de Savans. A Lausanne, Chez Francois Grasset & Comp. M.DCC.LXXXIV. 8°. Pp. viii, 348. 414 STRUVE—SUARDUS STRUVE (HEINRICH). Continued. Heinrich Struve, son of Otto Fr. Struve, M.D., who removed from Regensburg to Lausanne, was born at the latter place in 1751, studied there and in Tubingen, and was a friend of Tissot and von Haller, who encouraged him in his natural history pursuits. In 1799 he was appointed professor of physics and chemistry in the Academy of Lausanne, and Christian Daniel Beck, Allgemeines Repertorium der neuesten in- und auslandiscken Literatur fur 1827, Leipzig, 1827, iii. p. 77 (reference to the obituary of him in the ' Zeitschrift fur die eleg. Welt,' 141, p. 1127). STUDIOSUS. See SOPHLE LABORIS STUDIOSUS. subsequently overseer of the mines in the Canton Vaud, after the death of F. S. Wild. He wrote many works and papers on minerals, chemistry, geology, mining, chemical analysis, etc. To the translation of Macquer's Dictionary, Lausanne, 1789, 8", he added a supplement or fifth volume. He died at Lausanne, 29 Nov., 1826. Biographic Universelle, Supplement, 1853, Ixxxiii. p. 66 (puts his birth in 1740) ; no date, xl. P- 341- Poggendorff, Biographisch-titerarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1033. STUDIUM Consilii Conjugii de Massa Solis et Lunae. See ARS CHEMICA, 1566, p. 48. See CONSILIUM CONJUGII. In the note to ' Consilium Conjugii ' it was stated that this tract first appeared in 1567. It was, how- ever, printed in the 1566 edition of the ' Ars Chemica' as above. Schmieder seems to have known only the 1567 edition of that collection, pro- bably a new-dated re-issue, which he believed to be the first, as there might be nothing to indicate the contrary. The word Massa or Matza here is Hebrew and denotes unleavened bread. Berthelot states that it was used by Greek alchemists to denote a ' metallic ferment,' though it is somewhat difficult to re- Rulandus, Lexicon Alchimia, 1612, pp. 271, 272. Kalid, 'Liber Trium Verborum,' Introduction; Theatrum Chemicum, 1660, v. p. 186. Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs, Paris, 1888, Traduction, p. 180. concile that with its original signification. It was afterwards used as synonymous with xi/u/a, or alchemy in general, and in that sense is ex- plained by Rulandus : Kuria vel Kymia, id est, massa, heist dieselb Kunst, alchimia, alkymia ; and again : Kymus, id est, massa. Berthelot quotes some passages illustrative of this use. He compares it with the fjLa^a or Chemistry of Moses, mentioned by Zosimus. The present tract is of Arabic or Jewish origin and, according to Berthelot, later than the ' Turba ' but of the same tradition. Berthelot, Introduction a I'^tude de la Chimie des Anciens et du Moyen Age, 1889, pp. 29, 57, 209, 210, 257, 304. STUART DE CHEVALIER (SABINE). Discours philosophique sur les trois Principes Animal, Vegetal et Mineral, ou la Clef du sanctuaire philosophique. Par Sabine Stuart de Chevalier. Cette Clef introduit celui qui la possede dans le sanctuaire de la Nature ; elle en de"couvre les mysteres ; elle sert en meme terns a devoiler les Ecrits du celebre Basile Valentin, & a le defroquer de 1'Ordre respectable des Bene"dictins, en donnant la veritable explication des douze Clefs de ce Philosophic ingenieux. Tome Premier. A Paris, chez Quillau, Libraire, rue Christine, au Magasin Litteraire, par Abonnement. M.DCC.LXXXI. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Pp. xxiv, iv, 207 [4, i blank]. Plate. Tome second. Pp. [4] iv, 227 [i blank]. Plate. SUARDUS (PAULUS). Thesaurus Aromatariorum. See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus, 1566. According to Justus' calculation Suardus flourished after Justus, calls him ' aromatarius doctissimus,' in 1526 and was 'aromatarius doctissimus.' He is and Picinelli concludes therefore that his merits called a native of Bergamo, who was trained as a must have been great, while Calvi says he was druggist, and settled in Milan. Van der Linden, without a rival in his art. SUARDUS—SUCHTEN 415 SUARDUS (PAULUS). Continued. The editions of his book which are quoted are : vallis Transcherii ' ; it was printed at Bergamo, Venet. apud Octavianum Scotum, 1517 ; apud 1582, 4°. According to Banga, his Thesaurus was Hieronymum Scotum, 1556 ; Lugduni, 1636, 4°. still the text-book towards the end of the sixteenth A treatise, left by him, is entitled ' De balneis century in Germany. , Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Temporum supputatio omnium illustrium Medi- p. 820. corum, Francophorti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 145. Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Biichern und Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., deren Urhebern in der Sto llischen Bibliothec . 1741, 1590, p. 249 ('Thesaurus Aromatariorum sive Th. xiii. p. 408 (in a notice of the ' Luminare Antidotarium,' Lugdun. , 1528, along with Manlius' Majus,' pp. 403-408). ' Lumen '). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 1505. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. I637, P- 385- co1- 92i- Donato Calvi, Scena litteraria de gli Scrittori Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i. Bergamaschi, Bergamo, 1664, Parte prima, p. 456. p. 476 ('Thesaurus Aromatariorum '). Filippo Picinelli, Ateneo de i Letterati Milanesi, Jelle Banga, Geschiedenis van de Geneeskunde en Milano, 1670, p. 455. van hare Beoefenaren in Nederland, Leeuwarden, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 873. 1868, i. p. 343. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 849 (Lug- 1731, II. ii. p. 332. duni, 1525, edition). Stolle, Anleitungzur Historie der Medicinischen Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp. Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 770. 337, note 5, 407. SUCCOW (GEORG ADOLPH). See SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH). SUCKER des Philosophischen Steins. See GROSSE (Die) Arglistigkeit derer sich der Satan bedienet bey der wahren Alchymie, 1731. SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON). Antimonii Mysteria Gemina. Alexandri von Suchten. Das ist : Von den grossen Geheimnussen defs Antimonij, in zweene Tractat abgeteilet. Derer einer die Artzeneyen zu anfallenden menschlichen Kranckheiten offenbahret, der Ander aber, wie die Metallen erhohet vnd in verbesserung vbersetzet werden. Mit mancherley kiinstlichen vnd Philosophischen beyderseits derselbigen bereit- ungen, exempelweise illustrirt, vnd zu vindicirung seines Lobs vnd ruhms publiciret worden. Durch Johann Tholden, Hessum. 1604. Leipzig, In vorlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhan. 8°. Pp. 530 [14]. Wants the last leaf of the Index. Title red and black. Blank leaf not numbered between 392 and 393. Vignette, with the motto : Fides Dei Victrix. Gen: xxxu. The second tractate : De Antimonio vulgari, has a separate title, p. 393. Alexandri von Suchten Mysteria Gemina Antimonii, das ist : Von den grossen Geheimnussen des Antimonii, in Zwey Tractat abgetheilt : Deren Einer, die Artzneyen zu anfallenden Menschlichen Kranckheiten. offenbaret, Der Ander aber, wie die Metallen erhohet, und in Verbesserung iibersetzet werden. Mit mancherley kiinstlichen und Philosophischen beyderseits derselbigen Bereit- ungen, Exempelweise illustrirt, und zu Vindicirung seines Lobs und Ruhms publicirt worden durch Johann Tholden, Hessum. Anjetzo auffs neue iiber- sehen, mit einem vollstandigen Register vermehret. Mit Rom. Kaiserl. Majest. und Chur-Furstl. Sachsischem Privilegio. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Paul Fiirstens Kunst- und Buchhandlers Seel. Wittib. und Erben. 8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 380. Register [27] [i blank]. Plate of apparatus for calcining antimony. The book is not dated. 416 SUCHTEN SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON). Continued. Alexandri von Suchten, eines wahren Philosophi und der Artzneyen Doctoris Chymische Schrifften Alle, so viel deren vorhanden, zum ersten mahl zusammen gedruckt, mit sonderbahrem Fleifs von vielen Druckfehlern gesau- bert, vermehret, und in zwey Theile, als die Teutschen und Lateinischen verfasset. Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Georg Wolffs, Buchh. in Hamburg, Druckts Johann Gorlin. Anno M DC LXXX. 8°. Pp. [16] 486 [9] [i blank]. Engraved symbolic frontispiece included in the pagination. 4 woodcuts and a symbolical vignette. The writings contained in this collected edition Dialogus, p. 305. are the following : De Tribus Facultatibus, p. 357. Concordantia chymica, p. i. Explicatio tinctune Physicorum Theophrasti Colloquia chymica, p. 161. Paracelsi, p. 383. Vom Antimonio oder Spiefsglafs, p. 229. De Vera Medicina, p. 458. De Antimonio Vulgari, p. 267. Elegia, p. 487. Acutissimi Philosophi & Medici Alexandri a Suchten Tractatus de Vera Medicina editus cura loachimi Morsii, Hamburgi, Impensis Henrici Carstens, Anno 1621. 8°. Pp. [47, i blank]. Dialogus. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 49. Explicatio Tincturae Physicorum Theophrasti Paracelsi. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 143. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 195. Quaestiunculae de Antimonio. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars Prima, 1608, p. 56. De tribus Facultatibus. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 112. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 214. De vera Medicina. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 17. Concordantia Chymica; Viel schoner Vergleichungen und Ubereynstimmungen etlicher alien vnnd newen Philosophischen Schrifften. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 63. Suchten flourished in the latter half of the six- printed in the Poemata of Dr. Georgius Sabinus, teenth century, 1546 to 1560, lived at Dantzig, and p. 391. His poetical talent has not, however, im- was a poet and chemist. Besides his writings on pressed itself on the historians, antimony, he was the author also of a ' Dialogus The work on antimony went through a good de hydrope' and ' Clavis Alchymiae,' printed in many editions. The following may be quoted : some of the editions of the treatise on antimony, De Secretis Antimonii. Das ist, von der grossen and wrote a poem on the death of Petrus Bembus, heymligkeit des Antimonij, zu Teutschem Spiesglas S UCHTEN—S UCKO W 4*7 SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON). Continued. genannt, die Artzney betreffend. Durch den Edlen, vnnd Hochgelehrteri Herrn Alexander von Suchten, der wareu Philosophy vnd Artzney Doctorn . . . Gedruckt zu Miimpelgart, durch Jacob Foillet 1598. Small 8°, pp. 72. Defs Edlen vnd Hochgelarten Alexandri von Suchten, der wahren Philosophey vnnd Artzney Doctoris ; Zween Tractat, Vom Antimonio. Der Erste, von der grossen Heimligkeit defs Anti- monii, . . . Der Ander, Clavis Alchemias, De Secretis Antimonii : . . . Sampt einem Fragmento Dialogi De Hydrope, eiusdem Autoris. Erstmals an tag gegeben. Gedruckt zu Miimpelgardt, durch Jacob Foillet, Im Jahr 1604. 8°, pp. [13, 3 blank] 140 [4 blank]. It was also translated into English by Dr. Cable, and published with the following title-page : Alex. Van Suchten Of the Secrets of Antimony : in Two Treatises. Translated out of High-Dutch by D. C. a Person of great Skill in Chymistry. To which is added B. Valentine's Salt of Anti- mony, with its Use. London, Printed, and are to Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 15. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 215. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 27. Con ring, In Universam Arttm Medic am . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 380 (Intr. xi. 17). Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 98, 117. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medico rum, 1731, II. ii. p. 332. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca; metallicce, 1732, p. 139. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 473 ; iii. p. 304, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iv. col. 925. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 138. be sold by Moses Pitt at the White Hart in Little Britain, 1670. 16°. Pp. [8] 122 [2 book advertise- ments, 4 blank]. There is a title-page to the second treatise, P- 59: Alfx. (sic) Van Suchten of Antimony Vulgar. The Second Treatise. London, Printed [&c., as above] 1670. Basil Valentine's ' Addition out of the Hali- graphia' begins on p. 115. De Secretis antimonii, liber unus, ... in latinum translatus sermonem per Georgium Forbergium, Basil., 1575, 8°, pp. 112. Editions in German by Tholde, published at Gera, 1613, 8° ; Niirnberg, 1675, 8°, are mentioned, and the author of the Beytrag suggests that the translator of Basilius Valentinus' ' Triumphant Chariot of Antimony' may possibly have com- piled from this work. Murr calls Alexander Seton or Sethonius, Suchtens, but he does not seem to have had any intention of confusing or identifying the two. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 89. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 491, 578, 587. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 296. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 77, too. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alcfiemie, 1832, pp. 268, 279. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ; 1869, ii. p. 125. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 934-937. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 363. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 854. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 480, note 3. SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH). Anfangsgriinde der okonomischen und technischen Chymie. Von D. Georg Adolph Suckow, Pfalz-Zweibriickischem Hofrath, ordentlichem Professor der Kurpfalzischen Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule, bestandigem Sekretair der Kurpfalz. phys. okon. Gesellschaft, der Kurfiirstl. Akademie der Wifsen- schaften zu Mannheim, der Kurfiirstl. Mainzischen, der Gesellschaft Natur- forschender Freunde zu Berlin, der okon. Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, und der Konigl. Ackerbau-Gesellschaft zu Paris, Mitglied. Zweite vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig, in der Weidmannschen Buchhandlung. 1789. 8°. Pp. xvi, 717, of which 663-676 are folding tables, [i]. Vignetta. Pp. 367-8 are wanting. Both this work and the ' Zusatze' following contain short chemical bibliographies. Zusatze zu der zweiten Auflage der Anfangsgriinde der okonomischen und technischen Chymie von D. Georg Adolph Suckow Hofrath und ordentlichen offentlichen Professor der Churpfalzischen Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule. Leipzig in der Weidmannischen Buchhandlung. 1798. 8°. Pp. [4] 202 [2 blank]. II. 3D 4i8 SUCKOW—SUTORIUS SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH). Continued. Georg Adolph Suckow, or Succow as his father on some of their technological aspects, published wrote it, the son of Lorenz Johann Daniel Suckow, numerous papers in Crell's Annakn and Neueste professor of mathematics and physics at the Uni- Entdeckungen and elsewhere on chemical and versity of Jena, was born at Jena, 28 (20) January, mineralogical subjects, especially on quicksilver 1751. He was a magister philosophise and doctor and its ores, and the above treatise, of which the of medicine, and from 1774 was ordinary professor first edition appeared at Leipzig, 1783, 8°. For of physics, natural history and chemistry at the his doctorate, having Ernest Anton Nicolai as Kameral-Schule at Lautern, which was afterwards Praeses, he sustained a thesis : De Analysi Chemica known as the Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule at Aquarum lenensium, 1772, 4°, pp. [8] xii, 52, Heidelberg. He was also permanent secretary of with a synoptic table of the composition of the the Physico-economical Society there, Hofrath, and waters at Jena. A short sketch of his life down to member of the societies enumerated on the title- 1772 by himself is contained in pp. ix-xi. page of the ' Anfangsgriinde.' He died 18 March, 1813. He wrote works on botany and zoology and Ernestus Godofredus Baldinger, [Pr.~\prtzmittun- 1804, VII. ii. p. 730; 1805, viii. p. 716; $te tur observations de mortis ex metastasi laclis in Ausgabe, 1811, xv. (Supplement zur fiinften puerperis. [Cum vita candidati Georgii Adolphi Ausgabe, viii.) p. 568. Succowii], xii pp. 4°, Jenae, lit. Maukianis, [1772]. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen ' Litterar- (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 209. geschickte, 1791, iv. p. 760. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisch.es Hand- lAeQse\,DasGelehrteTeutschlandoderLexikonder worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1046. jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 5te Ausgabe, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 853. 1798, vii. p. 734 ; Nachtrag, 4te Ausgabe, 1786, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1894, xxxvii. i. p. 642 ; 1787, ii. p. 382 ; 1788, iii. p. 358 ; 1791, p. 105 (by Jannicke). iv. p. 729 ; 1795, V. ii. p. 406 ; 1804, vi. p. 863 ; SUDUM Philosophicum. See HAUTNORTHON (jOHANN FRIEDRICH). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic ffermiitique, 1742, iii. p. 305. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 38. SULTZBACH (PAUL ECK DE). See ECK DE SULTZBACH (PAUL). SUMMA Libri qui vocatur Gloria Mundi, seu Tabula Paradisi. See GLORIA MUNDI, seu Tabula Paradisi. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1258. SUMMA Perfectionis magisterii. See GEBER. SUMMA rhytmorum Germanicorum. See RHYTHMI. SUTONEUS (ALEXANDER), Scotus. See SETON (ALEXANDER). SUTORIUS (LEONHARDUS). Exemplum Arithmeticum, das ist, ein Wort Rechnung vier wort begreiffendt, so zu Ehren vnnd verhoffendem wolgefallen, dem Ehrenvosten vnnd Kunstreichen Herrn Johann Faulhabern, Burgern, Rechenmaistern, vnd SUTORWS—S WAL VE 4'9 SUTORIUS (LEONHARDUS). Continued. Mathematico in Vim, so dann zu gnugsammer Antwort : Den Faulhaberischen Zoilis vnd diffamanten, gestellet worden, durch Leonhardum Sutorium Gunzenhusanum Francum, Teutschen Schuel: vnd Rechenmaister zu Lau- gingen. Getruckt im Jar 1620. Small 4°. Sig. A, or pp. [7, i blank]. This is one of the tracts connected with Faul- haber (g.v.) and has nothing to do with alchemy or chemistry. On .the last leaf is a note by Johann Remmehn. SWALVE (BERNHARDUS). Naturse et Artis Instrumenta Pugilica, Alcali et Acidum, per Neochmum et Palaephatum hinc inde ventilata, & praxi Medicae superstructae praemissa, adornante Bernhardo Swalve, Med. D. & Collegii Frisiorum maritimi, Civi- tatisque Harlinganae Ordinario. Editio Altera, correctior & indice locupletior. Francofurti, Anno M DC LXXVII. 12°. Pp. [16, including the engraved title] 320 [24]. Printed title red and black. Swalve, or, as he is called by Mercklin, Swalbe, was born in Westphalia on 24 April, 1645, was enrolled a student of medicine at Franeker, and studied under Van der Linden, who inspired him with love and reverence for Hippocrates. Thence he went to Leyden to hear Joh. Walaeus and learn Harvey's views, and devoted himself especially to obstetrics, graduated in medicine in 1648, settled at Harlingen in Friesland, and became town-physician and physician of the Admiralty College. In 1670 he appears to have removed to Leeu- warden, where he had notable patrons, and was living there in 1675. He published two or three medical works : Disquisitio therapeutica generalis sive medendi methodus ad recentiorum dogmata adornata et Walaeana methodo conformata, Amst. , 1657 ; Jenae, 1677, 12°. Ventriculi quaerelae et opprobria, Amstel., 1664 ; 1675, I2°- Pancreas pancrene, sive pancreatis et succi ex eo profluentis commentum succinctum, Amst. , 1667 ; Jenae, 1678, 12°. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 131 (calls him Swalbe). Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 78 (Schelhammer's Addit. II. 26. i), (calls him ' medicus Amstelodamensis,' and subjects him to severe criticism). Jo. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lipsise, 1727, p. 139 (follower of Otto Tachenius). Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 332. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 821. Zedler, Univeral Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 498. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1751, i. pp. 356, 366, 525 ; ii. pp. 620, 711, 891. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. coL 950. Portal, Histoirede I* Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 1770, iii. p. 341. He was chiefly distinguished by his present work, of which are mentioned editions of Amster- dam, 1667, 12° ; 1670, 12° ; Jena, 1675. It contains a thorough discussion of the old doc- trine and the new light, the chemical ideas then becoming prevalent, and especially the hypothesis of ' effervescentia ' and the arguments for and against it. He opposed the views of De le Boe Sylvius, and was one of the first to raise objections to them, and he was a supporter of the ' Pathologia salsa ' of Tachenius. Swalve was the physician of that prodigy of learning and skill, Anna Maria van Schurman, who ultimately became a follower of Labadie, and is said to have tried to make one of Swalve also. He had some inclination to join the sect, but his status and his family restrained him. Letters from her to Swalve have been printed by Schotel. The date of his death is not mentioned. By some he is styled ' Embdensis,' but there is no clear proof that he belonged to Embden or Emden. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 524; Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldecine, 1778, iv. p. 339. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, "'• p. 60 (several notices). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 729 ; 1798, ii. p. 235. (In the first reference Gmelin puts ' Neochmum,' but in the second ' Neochorum.') Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 285. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 362. Dezeimens, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- cine, 1839, iv. p. 240. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 295- H. van Berkum, De Labadie en den Labadisten, te Sneek, 1851, ii. p. 215. 420 5 WAL VE—S YNESIUS SWALVE (BERNHARDUS). Continued. Dr. G. D. J. Schotel, Anna Maria van Schur- man, s'Hertogenbosch, 1853, pp. 75, 261, Aanteek, pp. 141-147. Biographic Universelle, 1855, Supplement, Ixxxiii. p. 108 ; no date, xl. p. 476. J. Banga, Geschiedenis van de Geneeskunde en van hare Beoefenaren in Nederland, te Leeu warden, 1868, pp. 335 (Swalve's opinion of Walaeus) ; 453- 461 (biographical notice). Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1874, xvii. p. 1093. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 385. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1884, xiii. p. 637. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 587. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 6. SWEDEN. See PHARMACOPOEA SVECICA, 1775. SYNESIUS, Greek Abbot. Chymische • Schrifften. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Chymische Schrifften, 1718, p. 203. Le Livre. See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. p. 175- Le Vray Livre. See ARNAULD (P.), Trois Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1612, p. 89. Vom Stein der Weisen. See FLAMEL (NICOLAS), Chymische Werke, 1751, p. 89. The Greek abbot seems to be quite unknown, though his book is repeatedly mentioned. Assum- ing it to be genuine it is a comparatively late production as is apparent, not only from its phraseology, but from its references to the Smarag- dine Table and Geber, as well as to Alphidius, Senior and Diomedes. The author has been con- fused with Synesius who wrote the ' Commentary ' on Democritus, and Lambeck's statement that the ' True Book ' is nothing more than a version of the ' Commentary ' corrupted by misinterpreta- tions and additions, is quoted by Kopp, who states that he had not seen the ' True Book. ' But this is not correct, for the two have nothing in common — except the subject possibly — and the ' True Book ' appears to me more recent than the other. Fabri- cius, apparently assuming the practical identity of the two on Lambeck's authority, adds a translation of the ' Commentary ' in English and German. So far as I know there is none, but there is a trans- lation of the ' True Book ' in both these languages. The German version accompanies the works of Sendivogius, edited by Roth-Scholtz as above. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 212. Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegjeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 55. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graca, 1724, xii. p. 769, No. 34. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 147 (much commended). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 298. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 79. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, p. 150, note 19. The English version is appended to ' Basil Valen- tine His Triumphant Chariot of Antimony,' 1678, and both are the work of Richard Russell. The tract has a separate title-page : The True Book of the Learned Synesius a Greek Abbot, taken out of the Emperour's Library, concerning the Philo- sopher's Stone. [Motto and device.] London, Printed for Dorman Newman at the Kings Arms in the Poultry. 1678. 8vo, pp. 161-176. As a counterpart to this assumption of Fabricius', what, it may be asked, was the language of the original ? There does not seem to have been any edition before Arnauld's in 1612, and he does not say anything about the source of his version, whether it was the original, or whether he trans- lated it from Latin, or, as the author's nationality would imply, from Greek. Berthelot, it may be observed, considers it a work by the other Synesius, whom he regards as the same as the bishop of Ptolemais. This may be correct ; but at present there is no authentic information about the origin or age of the book, still less about the author. Ladrague, Bibliothbque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 658-662. Berthelot, Les Origines de I'Alchimie, 1885, p. 191. Ferguson, ' On the first edition of the Chemical Writings of Democritus and Synesius,' Proceedings of the\Royal~\ Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1885, xvi. pp. 45, 287. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 318. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 40. SYNE SI US 421 SYNESIUS, Greek Alchemist. Scholia. See DEMOCRITUS, De Rebus Sacris, 1717, p. 19. Synesius is the name of a person who, in a dialogue with a certain Dioskoros, priest of Serapis at Alexandria, has professedly elucidated the work of Democritus. The tract or commentary is in Greek, and, next to that of Democritus, is regarded as the oldest of the Greek alchemical writings. It is contained in most of the manu- scripts, though, curiously enough, the author's name is omitted from several of the lists of alchemical writers which exist in the manuscripts. It was translated into Latin by Pizimenti, from a manuscript from Corfu, and published along with Democritus, Pelagius and Stephanus, at Padua, 1572-73. It was also printed at the end of Miz- aldus' Memorabilium Centuriae, Coloniae, 1572, 1573, 1574. The Greek text with Pizimenti's trans- lation was printed by Fabricius in 1717 ; the Greek text from the St. Mark's manuscript, collated with others, was edited by Berthelot with a French version, and printed in 1888. It was turned into German by Schroder and published in his ' Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek flir die hohere Natur- wissenschaft und Chemie,' Leipzig, 1775, pp. 431- 454. It has not been translated into English. Be- sides Pizimenti's Latin version, there seems to be another in a manuscript at Vienna, which is referred to by Lambecius, but the translator and date are unknown. Pizimenti's translation, it has been pointed out by Ameilhon and by Kopp, diverges considerably from the Greek texts which are available for reference. It would seem almost to be implied that for that reason the translation is defective and inaccurate. That it is so is possible ; but may it not also be the case that the divergencies existed in the manuscript which Pizimenti used, and that his version repre- sents the original faithfully enough? This could only be settled by an appeal to the manuscript itself, but, so far as I know, it has disappeared, or, Athanas. Kircher, Prodromus Coptus, Romae, 1636, cap. vii. p. 172 (mentions the commentary on Democritus). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 75, 215 (reprint in Mizaldus' ' Centuriae,' Colon., 1574). Conringius, De Hermetica sEgypliorum vetere et Paracehicorum nova Medicina liber units, 1648, pp. 23, 368 ; Editio secunda, 1669, pp. 25, 34, 400. Borrichius, Hermetis, ALgypiiorum, et Chemi- corum Sapientia . . . vindicata, 1674, pp. 74, 77, 78, 81, 10 1, 443. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 76 (with Mizaldus' ' Memorabilia,' 1574), 990 (the same). Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 7, No. vii. Tollius, Epistolae itinerariae, ed. H. C. Henninius, Amst., 1700, p. 8. (MS. at Wolfen- bttttel.) Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, Hamburg, 1717, viii. pp. 232-248, (Greek text with Pizimenti's translation) ; ed. Harles, 1804, ix. p. 206 (Pizi- menti's translation and list of manuscripts). Reinesius, ' Judicium de chemicorum Graecorum codice Gothano,' in Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grteca, 1724, xii. pp. 752, § 4 (about Synesius), 769. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. ii. p. 350 (assigns the ' Commentaria" on if it be one of those enumerated by Kopp, it has not been recognized as Pizimenti's. The com- mentary labours under the same drawback for us as the original work of Democritus, which it was intended to explain — it is very obscure. This is due to our not comprehending exactly what was the problem which the writer had set before him, what was his procedure in trying to solve it, and what significance he attached to the names of common objects and materials which he employed, or, at least, mentions. Synesius seems to have gone even farther, and to have read an esoteric meaning in Democritus' language, which greatly increases the difficulty of understanding his own comments. Different opinions have been held as to the author. By a good many authorities he has been identified with Synesius of Cyrene (360 ?-4i5 ? A. D. ), bishop of Ptolemais, and this view has been accepted by Berthelot without any question. But as early as 1634, Reinesius had regarded it as untenable, and much more recently Ameilhon has rejected it on the ground that the style of the genuine writings of the bishop is quite different from that of the commentary. Moreover, in no account of the bishop, or in his collected works, is there any allusion to alchemical writings by him, even when reference is made to the work which he really did in astronomy and areometry. It may be said, therefore, that since the identity of the author of the commentary and the bishop has not been proved, the former may be regarded as at present unknown. With regard to the date of the writing there is considerable uncertainty. By Ameilhon it is put late, any time between the ninth and twelfth century. Kopp is disposed to assign it to the fourth century, if not earlier. Reference to it is made by Zosimus and Olympiodorus, who are considered to have flourished in the fourth or fifth century. Democritus to the bishop of Cyrene, and quotes only the edition of Cologne, 1574, with Mizaldus, not Pizimenti's ; and MSS. in Greek ' apud Med. clariss. Joh. Elichmannum '). Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, p. 106 (I. lib. i. cap. ii, § 145) (has tried to rebut Reinesius' arguments). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 829. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. jap. 37, 42-56, 462 (identifies him with the bishop of Ptolemais) ; iii. pp. 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 26 (Greek MSS.); 305, 306 (Latin trans- lation). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 1013- 14. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. col. 970. Fried. Jos. Wilh. Schroder, Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fur die hohere Naturwiuenschaft und Chemie, Leipzig, 1775, pp. 431-454 (German trans- lation). Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der Alchemie, 1777, pp. 175, 178. Petrus Lambecius, Commentariorvm de Biblio- theca Casarea Vindobonensi libri, ed. Kollar, Vindob., 1780, p. 392 (identifies him with the bishop). Beytrag fur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 483- 422 SYNESIUS SYNESIUS, Greek Alchemist. Continued. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 20 (identifies him with the bishop ; refers to his knowledge of distillation). Ameilhon, ' Commentaire de Syne"sius le philo- sophe, sur le livre de De'mocrite, adressf: & Dioscore, comme dans les Scholies,' Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Nationale, An XII. [1804], VII. ii. p. 222. Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, 1814, pp. 5 (life, in which the commentary is assigned to the bishop of Ptolemais, and friend of Hypatia) ; 347 ( ' The true Book, ' which is by the Abbot Synesius). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. p. 220 (identifies him with the bishop). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 66. Alex. v. Humboldt, Examen critique de I'His- toire de la Geographic du Nouveau Continent, . . . Paris, 1837, ii. p. 308 (speaks of Synesius in con- nection with distillation and distinguishes him from the ' philosophe cyr6n6en de ce nom '). Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdrge- schichte, 1838, I. ii. p. 1199. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 268- 271 ; 1866, i. pp. 279-282. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 153. Chevreul, Journal des Savants, 1845, p. 330. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, pp. 144-161 (and references to the literature), 224 (distillation). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 657 (Schroder's translation). Berthelot, Les Origines de I'Alchimie, 1885, pp. 105, 117, 156 (identified with the bishop), 188-191 &c., &c. Ferguson, ' On the first edition of the Chemical Writings of Democritus and Synesius,' Proceedings of the \Royal] Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1885, xvi. pp. 36, 287 ; 1891, xxii. p. 295 ; 1892, xxiii. p. 153 ; 1894, xxv. p. 182 ; 1895, xxvi. p. 54. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 202 ; ii. p. 3*9- Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs, 1888, Introduction, passim ; Texte Grec, pp. 56-69. Traduction, pp. 6o-"5. Berthelot, Introduction a I* Etude de la Chimie des Anciens et du Moyen Age, 1889, pp. 164 (drawing of the alembic of Synesius), 202 (date of the commentary), 288 (the oldest commentary), et passim. (This is a convenient 8° page for page reprint of the ' Introduction ' to the ' Collection des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs.') Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmaaie, 1904, p. 223 (identifies the commentator with the bishop). T. (/.) P. D.— TABULA 423 T. (I.) P. D., i.e. TANCKE (JOACHIM). See HOHELANDE (EWALD VON). T. P. G. L. See ERB1NAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS). These letters stand probably for ' Theophrasti Paracelsi Grosser Liebhaber.j TABOR (HEINRICH). See BERGMAN (TORBERN), 1782. Heinrich Tabor was born at Frankfurt a. M. in 1751 (1757?), and was a son of the lawyer, Johann Tabor. At the age of ten he was sent to the grammar school at Frankfurt, and remained there for nine years. He then went to Giessen, where he passed through the arts and medical courses, having among his teachers Boehmius in philosophy, Baumer in physiology, chemistry, pharmacy and clinical prac- tice, Alefeld in anatomy, F. A. Cartheuser in botany, mineralogy, materia medica and chemistry, Nebel in surgery and obstetrics. This occupied him for three and a half years, after which he studied practical anatomy at Strasburg with J. F. Lobstein. He returned to Giessen and graduated 20 Dec., 1776. He afterwards settled as a medical practi- tioner in his native place, was an ordinary member of the Senkenberg Medical Institute at Frankfurt, and died there 10 Nov. (Dec. ?), 1795. Besides the present man, Strieker also mentions a Johann Johann Wilhelm Baumer, Joan, Guil. Baumer candidati praenobilissimi, Dn. Henrici Tabor, Francofurthani, Solemnia Inauguralia indicit, et monita quaedam de variolis earumque curatione ac insitione, proponit, Giessae Cattorum, 1776, 4°, pp. 19-20 (sketch of his life to date). Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed. , 1784, iv. p. 3 ; Nachtrag : 1787, ii. p. 384 ; 1788, iii- P- 3595 i79i. iv- P- 731 1 I79S. v- »• P- 4io. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, lii. p. 269. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1815, xiv. p. 3. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vii. p. 292. Heinrich iTabor, who was teacher of anatomy at Frankfurt in 1779, and had difficulty in getting the necessary material for his demonstrations and practical work. Whether these two persons are identical or not is not made plain by him, but presumably they were so. If that be the case, Tabor seems to have systematically dropped his first name Johann. Besides his translation of Bergman's ' Opuscula ' into German, in six volumes, Frankf. a. ^.,1782-90, he wrote on medical topics : Dissertatio inauguralis medica de variolis, Giessae Cattorum, 1776, 4°; Ueber den Gebrauch und Mifsbrauch der Peruvian- ischen Rinde, Heidelberg, 1788, 8° ; Anatomische Schriften von Azzoguidi, J. B. Paletta und J. Brugnoli . . . Heidelberg, 1791, 8° ; translation of Joh. Heinr. Rahn's work : Ueber Sympathie und Magnetismus . . . mil Anmerkungen begleitet, Heidelberg, 1789, 8° ; etc. , etc. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- ctne, 1839, iv. p. 245. Wilh. Strieker, Die Geschichte derHeilkunde und der verwandten Wissenschafien in der Stadt Frank- furt am Mayn, 1847, pp. 197, 205, 340. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1064. Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 3eme SeYie, 1885, xv. p. 470. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 604 (article by W. Strieker). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 180. TABULA des grossern Wissens. See TABULA Scientiae majoris] TABULA PARADISI. See GLORIA MUNDI. 424 TABULA— TA CHENIUS TABULA Scientiae maioris : Tabula des grossern Wissens. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 214. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 376. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 321. See [SCHATZ und KunstkammerJ, p. 376. TABULA SMARAGDINA. See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. TACHENIUS (OTTO). Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chimicus, qui novissimi Viperini Salis anti- quissima Fundamenta ostendit. Seneca in Epistola. Nunquam melius torquebis invidos, quam virtuti, & glorias inserviendo. Brunsvigae, Sumpt. Thomas Henrici Hauensteinii, Bibliop. Hannover. & Hildesiensis. Typis Johann. Henrici Dunckeri, Anno M.DC.LXVIIL 12°. Pp. [40] 271 [i]. Vignette. First edition, Venet., 1666, 12°; Lugd. Bat., 1671, 12°, with a pretty engraved title-page, pp. [48] 190 [2]; Cla vis, [24] 202 [14]. To it and to that of 1668 is appended Tachenms' Tractatits de Mor- borum Principe, according to Mercklin, whose statement is followed by others. In none of the copies of these editions which I have seen does this tract appear. Another edition, Paris, 1674. Of this work a translation into English was made, of which the following is an account : Otto Tachenius. his Hippocrates Chymicus Dis- covering the Ancient foundations of the late Viperine Salt with his Clavis thereunto annexed Translated by I. W. London Printed & are to be sold by W. Marshall at the Bible in Newgate street. 1690. 4°. Pp. [2] 122 [9, i blank] ; Clavis, [7, i blank] 120 [13, i blank]. The title is entirely engraved, and has a border containing symbolical figures : at the top on the dexter side Minerva and a phoenix, on the sinister, Mercury and a pelican, in the centre a mine. Below Minerva are figures symbolizing the elements air and earth, below Mercury, those denoting fire and water ; at the bottom, dexter, the Sun God for Gold, sinister, Diana for Silver, and in the centre an apothecary^ shop. The Clavis, which forms the second part, has a title as follows : Otto Tachenius his Clavis to the Antient Hippo- cratical Physick, or Medicine : Made by Manual Experience in the very Fountains of Nature. Whereby, Through Fire and Water, in a Method unheard of before, the Occult Mysteries of Nature and Art are Unlocked and clearly Explained by a Compendious way of Operation. Senec. Epist. A man can never more torment the envious, than by applying ones self to Virtue and Glory. London, Printed for Will. Marshal, at the Bible in Newgate-street, 1690. Where is like- wise sold Coke's Marrow of Chirurgery, Anatomy and Physick. As also his Observations of English Bodies, of Eminent persons, in desperate Diseases. Pp. [7, i blank] 120 [13, i blank]. [For the 1677 edition, see 'Additions and Correc- tions.'] Otto Tachenius, called also Tachen and Tackenius, was the son of the miller of the Abbess at Herford in Westphalia, studied the apothecary's art at Lemgo, and was with a certain Dr. Timpleus, but, being detected in a theft, was dismissed. At Kiel, Dantzig, and Koenigsberg, he acted as an apothe- cary's apprentice, and at Kiel became acquainted with Helwig Dieterich. In 1644 he went off to Italy, took the degree of Dr. Med. at Padua, settled at Venice, and sold quantities of a prepara- tion which was known as Sal volatile viperarum, or Sal viperinum, which, however, Dieterich asserted was merely the volatile salt of hartshorn mixed with something else. The Alcahest of van Helmont was the theme of a letter to Frederick, Duke of Holstein, which, at Tachenius' request, was printed. In an appendix, however, faults of grammar, among others, were criticised, and, assuming that Dieterich was at the bottom of it, Tachenius wrote an 'Apo- logia,' in which he charged Dieterich with falsifying his letter on the Alcahest, and obtaining sums of money from the Elector of Brandenburg under the pretence of making Aurum potabile. As both charges were baseless, the ' Apologia ' was burnt at Berlin publicly, and Dieterich lodged a complaint with the authorities at Venice. The result is not known. Tachenius was still living at Venice in 1699. Tachenius was a pronounced iatrochemist, and in- troduced into Italy the hypothesis of acid and alkali as the basis of physiology and pathology. He was not much of an anatomist, but he was a good chemist, with a clear understanding of reactions, and with a wide knowledge of substances and the practical methods of preparation. He was criticised at great length by JOHANN ZWELFER in his Discursus Apologeticus adversus Hippocratem Chymicum, 1672. His other works are given as follows : Epistola de famoso liquore Alkahest, Venet., 1655, 4°, and along with Helv. Dieterici Vindiciae adversus Ottonem Tackenium, Hamburgi, 1655, 4°. EchoadVindiciasChyrosophi de liquore Alcaeist, Venet., 1656, 4°. Antiquissimae Hippocraticas Medicines Clavis, Bruns., 1668, Venet., 1669, 12°, pp. 286 [2]; Fran- cofurti, 1669, 12°, 1673, 12°, pp. [28] 5-232 [2] ; Lugd. Bat., 1671, 12° ; Lutetias, 1671, Brem., 1608, Lugd., 1671. Tractatus de Morborum Principe, Osnabrugi, 1678, 1679, 12°, pp. [16] 2ii [i]. Exercitatio de recta acceptatione arthritidis et podagras, Patavii, 1662, 4°. TA CHENIUS— T^EDA 425 TACHENIUS (Oxxo). Continued. Ephemerides Natures Curiosorum, 1667, p. 585 (review of the ' Hippocrates Chymicus'). Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medico., 1679, pp. 12 a, 208 b, 474 b. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 862. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . In- troductio, 1687, pp. 77, 79 (Introductio, cap. ii. §xxvi.). Goelicke, Historia Medicines Universalis, 1719, iii. p. 648 (questions Tachenius' accuracy in claim- ing Hippocrates as a chemist). Barchusen, De Medicin