,i2555s8)4185-S-87 BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A THIS CATALOGUE OF CHEMICAL BOOKS HAS BEEN PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION BY HIS FAMILY, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATE JAMES YOUNG, ESQ. t^AZ^Ms&S Bibliotbeca Cbemica: A CATALOGUE OF THE ALCHEMICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOOKS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE LATE JAMES YOUNG OF KELLY AND DURRIS, ESQ., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.S.E. BY JOHN FERGUSON M.A., LL.D., HONORARY MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL MILITARY ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, ST. PETERSBURG MEMBER OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE SOCIETfi FRANCHISE D'ARCHEOLOGIE REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW VOLUME II JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY / 1906 yv UNIVERSITY or CATALOGUE L. v. L. (C). Chymischer Catechismus. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 21. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, P- 2I- L. (C. C.) i.e. Conrad Cunrath, Lipsensis. See KHUNRATH (CONRAD). L. (F. C). Sammlung achthundert und sieben und funfzig chymischer Experimente einer Gesellschaft in dem Ertzgebiirge, darinnen alle die Erscheinungen, welche man bey chymischer Bearbeitung verschiedener Korper wahrgenommen, treu und aufrichtig angezeiget werden, nebst einer Vorrede begleitet von Herrn D. E. G. Kurella. Berlin, zu finden bey Gottl. Aug. Lange. 1759. 8°. Pp. [8] 1-160 [2] 161-404. 2 pp. advertisements. The interpolated two pages form the title of Part III. This is a collection of six tracts, paged continuously, but issued with separate title-pages, signatures and dates from 1753 to 1759. See the note under KURKI.LA. L. H. J. V. H. J. D. See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). L. (J.). See LANGE (JOHANN). L. (J. C). See TOLL (JACOB), 1753. L. M. S. See SCHMUCK (MARTIN), De Occulta Magico-Magnetica Morborum . . . Curatione, 1652. L. (T. P. G.). See ERBINAUS von Brandau (Matthaus). II. A LAAZ—LACINIUS LAAZ (JOHANN VON). See LASNIORO (JOANNES DE). LA BOB SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE). See SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE LA BOK). LA BROSSE. Tractatulus accuratissimus de Compositione Sulphuris et Menstrui vegetabilis, seu Auro Potabili secundum intentionem Raymundi Lullii. Magnati cuidam Anno 1545. per celeberrimum Medicum et Philosophum Gallum Dela Brosse dedicatus. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 288. This cannot be Guy de la Brosse, born at Rouen Mangel speaks of Guido de la Brosse ' Medicus about 1550 (or later), physician of Louis XIII., Rotomagensis,' author of a tract on the plague, in who founded the Jardin des Plantes, was devoted French and in Latin, ' Paris ches Jeremie et to botany, and died in 1641. Yet there is no Christoph Periers,' but without date (1623), who, other ' celeberrimus medicus ' of that name men- of course, is the same person. Ladrague calls the tioned. Nor does it facilitate identification to present writer Joannes, but by what authority he assume that the given date, 1545, is a misprint for does not state. 1645, because by that year La Brosse was dead. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, »• 1731, i. p. 479. p. 515. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 145. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 450. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 440; 25), ii. p. 540. 1772, ii. p. 680. Biograplnt Uni-verselle, 1843, v. p. 614. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la M<<decine, Lebreton, Biographic Normande, 1858, ii. p. 316. 1778, i. p. 456. Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1863, vii. col. 505. LABYRINTH. See LEITUNGSFADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen . . . Labyrinth, 1691. LACINI (GIOVANNI). See LACINIUS (JANUS). LACINIUS (JANUS). Pretiosa Margarita Novella De Thesauro, Ac Pretiosissimo Philosophorum Lapide. Artis huius diuinse Typus, & Methodus : Collectanea ex Arnaldo, Rhaymundo, Rhasi, Alberto, & Michaele Scoto; per lanum Lacinium Calabrum nunc primum, cum lucupletissimo (sic) indice, in lucem edita. Cum priuilegio Pauli III. Pont. Max. & Senatus Veneti ad annos decem M.D.XLVI. 8°. Ff. [20] 202. Tabula, Errata, Registrum, and Colophon, and Aldus' device [14], 22 woodcuts. The anchor is on the title-page, and on the verso of the last leaf. The colophon, on the verso of the last leaf but one, runs : Venetiis, Apud Aldi Filios, M.D.XXXXVI. Colloquium nuncupatorium, interloquutores Bo- Epistola sive Epitome Raymundi Lulli, f. 160. nus et Lacinius, * iiij. verso. Collectanea Lacinii sive breuia excerpta ex libro Pretiosa Margarita Novella ex concordantijs luminis luminum Rhasis, f. 167. sapientum collecta, . . . Petro Bono Ferrariensi Collectanea Lacinii ex Alberto Magno atque diuo autore, f. i. Thoma alijsc}; autoribus, f. 180. Epistola Boni Ferrariensis, f. 132. Quaestio Curiosa de Natura Solis et Lunae ex Collectanea Lacinii ex Arnaldo de Villa Nouaqure Michaele Scoto, f. 195. practica? compositionem lapidis philosophorum continent & exquisite decent, f. 136. Pretiosa Margarita, oder Neu-erfundene kostliche Perle, von dem unvergleich- lichen Schatz und hochst-kostbahren Stein der Weisen, in sich haltend den LACINIUS—LAGARA YE LACINIUS (JANUS). Continued. eigendlichen Grund-Rifs und Lehr-Arth dieser Gottlichen Kunst : ingleichen andere aus dem Arnoldo, Rhaimundo, Rhasi, Alberto und Michaele Scoto zusammen gelesene Schrifften, durch Janum Lacinium aus Calabria zum erstenmahl in Lateinischer Sprache, mit Freyheit Pabsts Pauli Tertii und des Raths zu Venedig, Anno 1546. heraus gegeben, Anietzo aber um seiner Fiirtrefflichkeit Willen in das Teutsche iibersetzet und ans Licht gestellet, von \Volffgang Georg Stollen, Liebhabern der edlen Chymie. Nebst einem voll- standigen Register. Leipzig, verlegts Johann Friedrich Braun, 1714. 4°. Pp. [24] 468. Innhalt [36]. Title red and black. Frontispiece included in the pagination, 23 illustrations in the text. Vignette with the motto : Dies diem docet. Zueignungs-Gespriiche zwischen den Bonum und Lacinium, p. 5. Neu-erfundene kostbare Perl . . . ans Licht gestellet durch Petrum Bonum, p. 41. Brief des Boni Ferrariensis, p. 323. Collectanea Lacinii aus Arnaldo de Villa Nova, \velche die Composition des Steins der Weisen in sich begreiffen und richtig lehren, p. 331. Brief oder kurtzer Begriff des Raynmndi Lulli, P- 379- Collectanea Lacinii oder kurtze Excerpta aus dem Buche Rhasis, Lumen Luminum genannt, P- 394- Collectanea Lacinii aus Alberto Magno, dem heiligen Thoma, und andern Autoribus, p. 420. Eine curiose Frage von der Natur Solis und Luna:, aus Michaele Scoto, p. 452. Colloquium nuncupatorium interloquutores Bonus et Lacinius. See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), De Tribus Lapidibus Ignium Secretorum, 1703, pp. 80-96. This is a reprint of the introductory dialogue in the Pretiosa Margarita Novella. Toppi says that Lacinius was a Calabrian whose work was printed by Aldus in 1546 and again by Gabriel Hayn at Nuremberg, 1554, 4°. This last book has the following title : Praeciosa ac nobilis- sima artis Chymiae Collectanea de occultissimo ac praeciosissimo Philosophorum lapide. Per lanum Lacinium Calabrum Minoritam Theologorum mini- mum. Nunc primum in lucem aedita cum totius libelli capitum indice [Vignette]. Norimbergae apud Gabrielem Hayn, loann. Petrei generum, M. D. LII 1 1. 4°, ff. [8, including a full-page woodcut] 124. It contains collections in five books, the last of which is a reproduction with modifications of ff. 160-194 in the Pretiosa Margarita Novella of 1546. The Nazari, Delia tramulatione metallica sogni ire, I599- P- MO- Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensa-, 1617, p. 389. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 237. Borel, Bibliotlieca Chimica, 1654, p. 131. Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, p. 112. Mercklin, Lindenius renavatus, 1686, p. 504. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 21, No. x.xvii. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 2. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hennttique, 1742, i. pp. 220, 470 ; iii. pp. 52, 199, 200. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2200 (from Toppi) ; Rptermund's Fortsettung, 1810, iii. col. 1024 (the editions ofVen., 1546, 8°, and Norimb. , 1554, 4°). Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 128. work by Petrus Bonus, so called, was afterwards issued under the following title : Introductio in divinam Chemiae Artem integra Magistri Boni Lom- bardi Ferrariensis Physici. Nunc primum integra in lucem edita. . . . Basileae, apud Petrum Per- nam, M.D.LXXII. 4°, pp. [7, i blank] 278. [Index?] It claims therefore to be more complete than the Aldine edition. The preface to Albertus, Duke of Bavaria, was written by Toxites. This book was reprinted : Montisbeligardi, apud laco- bum Foillet, M.DC.II. 8°, pp. [20] 398 [12, 2 blank] ; and again : Argentorati, Impensis Lazari Zetzneri Bibliop. M. DC. VIII. 8°, pp. [20] 398 [12, 2 blank]. See the notes to BONUS (PETRI/S). Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- loqicus, 1761, p. 243. Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori if Italia, 1762, II. parte iii. p. 1637. (Mazzuchelli and Tiraboschi refer to Lacinius in connection with PETRUS BONUS (g.v.l) Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemte, 1785, P- 576. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 30. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 55- 56, 158, 300. Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 1807, V. i. p. 221. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 260. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 442 ; 1843, ii. p. 131 ; 1866, i. p. 467 ; 1869, ii. p. 126. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 865, 866. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 374. LAGARAYE (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT MAROT) Comte de. See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte de La Garaye. DAGNEA U— LAMARCK L'AGNEAU (DAVID). Harmonic Mystique, ou Accord des Philosophes Chymiques, auec les Scholies, sur les plus difficiles passages des Autheurs y allegues, desquels les noms sont e"s pages suyuantes. Le tout par Le Sr L'Agneau d'Aix en Prouence, Conseiller & Medecin ordinaire du Roy. Traduit par le Sr Veillutil. Celuy qui cognoist le consentement & accord des Philosophes, traictant de cette partie, ioui'st d'un admirable contentement, & plusieurs sunt plustost menez par opinion aueugle, que par 1'estude de la verite. Turpe enim difficiles habere nugas, Et vanus labor est ineptiarum. A Paris, Chez Melchior Mondiere, en la Cour du Palais pres la Chapelle Sainct Michel ioignant le bastiment neuf du Thresor. M. DC. XXXVI. Avec Priuilege du Roy. 8°. [Pp. 20] 482. Table and privilege [14]. Engraved folding plate containing two symbolical drawings. This copy wants six pages, containing list of authors quoted, errata, and an epigram by Banier to Sr. Veillutil. Azoth, ou le moyen de faire 1'Or cach6 des Philosophes . . . Reueu, . . . par Mr. L'agneau Medecin. See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Azoth, 1659. Harmonia seu Consensus Philosophorum Chemicorum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 705. The book of which the present is a translation L'Agneau or L'Aigneau, Lagneau or Laigneau, was written in Latin with the following title : Lagneus, as he is styled, was a native of Aix in Harmonia seu consensus Philosophorum Chimi- Provence, but the year of his birth is not given. corum, magno cum studio et labore in ordinem He graduated at Montpellier, settled at Gre- digestus, Paris, 1601 (?), 8° ; Ib. 1611, 12°. I have noble, and was entrusted with the examination not seen the earlier edition. L'Agneau wrote a of the surgeons and apothecaries of Dauphin*5, treatise on the preservation of health, Paris, 1624, He discharged this duty with so much ability that 1637, 4° ; and in the Biographic Abdicate is said his office was extended to all the provinces in the to have translated into French the work of Basilius south of France. In 1610 he was invited to Paris Valentinus called Les douze Clefs de la Philosophie, by Jt-an Heroard, chief physician of Louis XIII., Paris, 1659. That, however, does not appear in where he practised with success. In 1626 he was the book itself, though it may be correct; but appointed by the King to inspect the leper hospitals Basilius' treatise Azoth, which accompanies it, is throughout the kingdom. In the latter part of his said to be ' reueu, corrigg & augmente par Mr. life he is said to have been fascinated by alchemy, L'agneau Medecin ' but not translated. Eloy and to have left part of his fortune for alchemical seems to doubt the identity of the alchemist and research. The year of his death is not recorded, the following person. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1637, p. 131. 1778, iii. p. 4. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 132, 245. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 241. p. 548. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 503. 1731, II. i. p. 8. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 1806-08, p. 107. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 55, 200. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 441. 25), i. p. 62. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 326. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, 359. ''• P- 534- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 845, 1240, 1241. LAMARCK QEAN BAPTISTE). Memoires prdsentant les Bases d'une Nouvelle The'orie, Physique et Chimique, fondee sur la consideration des molecules essentielles des composes, et sur celle des trois e"tats principaux du feu dans la nature; servant en outre de deVeloppement a 1'ouvrage intitule: Refutation de la Theorie Pneumatique. LAMARCK— LA METHERIE 5 LAMARCK (JEAN BAPTISTE). Continued. Lus a la premiere classe de 1'Institut National, dans ses stances ordinaires. Par J.-B. Lamarck, membre de 1'Institut. A Paris, Chez 1'Auteur, au Museum d'histoire naturelle. An V. de la Republique (1797, vieux style.) 8° Pp. 410 [2], The work of which the above is a continuation is entitled : Refutation de la thtorie pneumatique ou la nourclle doctrine des chimistes modernes, Paris, 1796, 8°. Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monnet, che- valier de Lamarck, was born at Bazentin, D6p. dela Sonime, i April, 1744. He rose to be keeper of the Herbaria, and from 1792 Professor of Zoology Biographie Universelle, no date, xxiii. p. 9. Bi 'graphic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. pp. 483-489. QueYard, La France littiraire, 1830, iv. p. 472. 10 Tables. at the Museum of Natural History. He was a member of the Old Academy and subsequently of the I nstitute. For the last 17 years of his life he was blind as the result of the smallpox. He died at Paris, 18 Dec., 1829. Though the work by which he is best known was connected with botany and zoology, he wrote also on physics and meteorology. Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ne'rale, 1862, xxix. col. 55- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1353. LAMBSPRINGK. De Lapide Philosophico Libellus. See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. u. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 765. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 337- Nothing seems definitely known about this alchemical poet. As he is styled in the title ' nobilis ' and ' der edle,' Maier is of opinion that he was of noble birth, but Schmieder conjectures that he may have belonged to the Benedictine Abbey of Lammspring, near Hildesheim, so called because the Lamm, a streamlet, has its source within the abbey garden. I have not been able to confirm this view. Still less evidence does he give for his surmise that because his allegorical figures Maier, Symbola A urece Afensce, 1617, p. 272. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 325. Borel, Btbliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 132. Mercklin, Lindcnius renovatus, 1686, p. 730. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 29, No. xxxxii. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsch.es Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 66. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicormn, 1731, II. i. p. 8. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 39, 47, 53. resemble those of Flamel, the author pursued his studies in Paris. Maier recapitulates briefly the subjects of the pictures, and rather commends the author, but Borrichius thinks he has buried the secret, and Fictuld says that it is almost impossible for the ignorant to get even a little light from it. His tract was printed in Latin in the earlier editions of the Alusatum fJermeliciim, 1625, 1678, p. 337, and in German in Dyas Chymica Tripartita, 1625, p. 83. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 103. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 66. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, p. 39. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 94. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 229. L,a.d.r&g\iz,Bibliotheque Ouv aroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 981-2. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 311, 318. LA METHERIE (JEAN CLAUDE DE). See OBSERVATIONS sur la Physique, La Me^herie was born at Clayette, in the Depart- ment Maconnais, 4 Sept., 1743. He took the degree of M.D., but did not practise, and devoted himself to the study of science. In 1811 he was appointed Professor of Natural History at the College de France, at Paris. He wrote largely on physics, geology, mineralogy, &c., and edited Biographie Universelle, no date, xxviii. p. 122. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 263. Querard, La France litteraire, 1830, iv. p. 495. &C. the journal above mentioned, first with Rozier, 1785-1794, then by himself till his death, when it was taken up by Blainville and carried on to T. xcvi. 1823. In it he printed many of his papers, and gave yearly reports on the progress of science. He died at Paris, i July, 1817. Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, xxix. col. 209. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1360. LAM 0 TTE—LA NDENBERGER LAMOTTE. See BESTUSCHEFSCHE (Die) . . . Stahltinktur. This preparation also went by the name of ' Lamotte's drops.' Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 347 ; Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 149. 1799, iii. p. 790. LAMPE des Lebens und Todes. See ANZEIGENDE und warhafftig bezeugende Ampel oder Lampe des Lebens und Todes, 1682. LANCILOTTI (CARLO). Opuscoli Diversi del Lancillotti, cioe', L' Interprete Chimico. II Trionfo del Mercuric. II Chimico Disuellato con aggiunta. II Giardino di vaghi Fiori Medicinali. In Modona, Per il Sogliani Stampatore Ducale. Con licenza de' Superiori. 12°. Pp. [2] 108, 67 [5] ; 81 [3 blank] ; 142 [2 blank]. Each tract has a title-page, of an elaborate clinico composto di regulo d 'Antimonio, Bologna, explanatory character, with a dedication and the 1683, 12°. date M.DC.LXXVII. Rotermund quotes them as follows: Pharma- Haller quotes an edition of the Trionfo del ceutica rationale overo Trionfo del? Antimonio, et mercurio, Modena, 1683, 12°, and also Trionfo Pharmaceutica Mercuriale, overo Trionfo del dell' Antimonio, Ibid. 1683, 12°, and Modo di Mercurio. In Modena, 1683. adoprar la tazza purgativa perpetua o sia calice Der brennende Salamander, oder Zerlegung, der zu der Chimie gehorigen Materien, so da ist ein Wegweiser oder Unterricht, sich in alien Arbeiten der Scheid-Kunst zu iiben : Benebenst dem auffgeweckten Chimisten, sarnt beygefiigter Anleitung von Erwehlung des Vitriols : In Druck gegeben durch Carl Lancilot, Medicum und Chimicum, erst aus den Italianischen ins Hollandische : Nun aber aus der Hollandischen in die Hochteutsche Sprache iibersetzet durch J. L. M. C. Zum andernmal wieder auffgelegt. Liibeck, In Verlegung Johann Wiedemeyers, 1697. 8°. Pp. 353 [n], 4 plates of apparatus. Title red and black. Gmelin quotes : Guida alia Chimica, Modena, I have not seen, but only that of 1681 and the 1672 and 1679, 12° ; Nuova Guida alia Chimica, present one, 1697. According to Gmelin's trans- Venezia, 1677, 8°- Translated into Dutch : De cription (ii. p. 21) the name of the translator, brandende Salamander, Amsterdam, 1680, 8°, pp. Johann Lange, appears in full in the first edition, [16] [16, plates of apparatus and descriptions] 1-90 but without the letters M. C. , but elsewhere (p. [10] 97-286; [4] 38 [12], and then into German, Der 227) he gives the translator's initials, though brennende Salamander, Frankfurt a. M., 1681, 8°. inaccurately, as ' I. L. M. O,' instead of I. L. There is mention of editions of Frankfurt, 1682, M. C. 1684 and 1687, 8°, and Liibben, 1694, 8°, which Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheccz metallicce, mund's Fortsetzung tend Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii. 1732, p. 87. col. 1141. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 200, 201. 465. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 284, p. 601. 330 ; 1869, ii. pp. 275, 322. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 21, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 227, 268. Secretes, 1870, No. 1092. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten lexicon ; Roter- Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 380. LANDENBERGER (RUDOLPH). See GESNER (CONRAD), Kostlicher Artzneyschatz, 1608. LANGE 7 LANGE (JOHANN). Chymisches Zwey-Blat, das 1st zwey vortreffliche Chymische Tractatlein : Das erste, Eroffneter Eingang zu defs Konigs verschlossenem Tallaste Anonymi Philalethae. Das ander, von dem Stein der Weisen, wie man den recht bereiten soil, Fratris Ferrarii Monachi. Beyde zum ersten mahl ins Teutsch iibersetzet von Johann Langen. Franckfurt und Hamburg, In Verlegung Christian Guths, Buchh. Druckts Johann Gorlin. M DC LXXIV. 8°. Pp. 94 [2] 72. Title red and black. Rotermund quotes an edition of Hamburg, 1672. [Another Copy.] 8°. Pp. 94. Title red and black. The book is cropped and the date cut off, and it wants Ferrarius' tract. Des Hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene Chymische Tractatlein genannt 1. Erofneter Eingang zu des Konigs verschlossenen Pallast. 2. Von dem Stein der Weisen, und wie man den recht bereiten solle Fratris Ferrarii Monachi, geschrieben an Ihro Pabstliche HeiligkeiL 3. Von Verwandlung der Metallen. 4. Von dem Stein der Weisen und seinen Geheimniissen. 5. Brunnen der Chymischen Wissenschaft'ten. 6. Wigands vom rothen Schild, Tractat die Herrlichkeit der Welt. Denen Liebhabern der wahren Hermetischen Weisheit zu sonderbahren Gefallen ins Teutsche iibersetzet von Johann Langen. Nun auf oftmahliges Verlangen zum Druck befordert. Verlegts, Joh. Paul Kraufs, Kayser- und Konigl. privilegirter Niederlags-Verwandter Buchhandler in Wienn. 1748. 8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-358. Title red and black. [Another issue, dated 1749.] 8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-358 [2 pp. advert.]. Title red and black. See PHILALETHA, Introitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, 1667. See WUNDERLICHEN (Die) Begebenheiten defs unbekandten Philosophi in Such- und Findung defs Steins der Weisen, 1673. See BARBA (ALBARO ALONSO), -Berg-Buchlein, 1676. See KELLEY (EDWARD), Tractatus duo, 1676. See MEURDRAC (MARIE), Die mitleidende und leichte Chymie, 1676. See DIGBY (KENELM), Aufserlesene, seltzame philosophische Geheimniisse, 1684. See PHILALETHA, Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplaei, 1685. See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHlLOPONUs), Kern der Alchymie, 1685. See PHILALETHA (cvRENJEUS), Erklarung iiber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten . . . Georgii Riplasi, 1689. See KINDER-BETT des Steins der Weisen 1692. See COLSON (LANCELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1696. See LANCILOTTI (CARLO), Der brennende Salamander, See NICOLS (THOMAS), Beschreibung der Steine, 1734. See FLAMEL (NICOLAS), Chymische Werke, 1751. LANCE— LANGELO TT LANGE (JOHANN). Continued. According to one account Lange was from Silesia and was ' Pfalzischer Leibarzt,' but Jocher says he was ' Candidatus Medicincc ' and practi- tioner at Hamburg, and that nothing is known of his life except that he was alive in 1695, and that he maintained himself by translating into German a large number of works, sometimes with, at other times without his name, or with the initials J. L., or J. L. M[edicinoe] C[andidatus], or the pseudonym Hippodamus or Hoppodamus, where- with he has been credited. The list of them given by him has been made more precise by Rotermund, who has added the place, date, and size of each, and says that Lange was still alive in 1696. Many of his translations are from English, with which he seems to have been familiar, but others imply that he was acquainted with Latin, French, Dutch, and possibly Spanish and Italian. The translations include works by Bunyan (Pilgrim's Progress, 1685), Bekker's World bewitched, sermons, religious and moral treatises, works on medicine, £c. , &c. , besides a considerable proportion on chemistry and alchemy. The following is a list of these as given by Rotermund. One to which a query is attached seems doubtful as to whether it is about alchemy or not. Some of the titles are expanded from Jocher and from actual copies. Philalethae introitus apertus ad occlusum regis palatium, Amstelod. 1667, in 8 (edited by J. L.). Chymisches Zweyblatt, Hamburg, 1672, 8. Wunderliche Begebenheiten eines Philosophi in Suchung und Findung des Steins der Weisen, Hamburg, 1673 and 1690, 8. Zwey chymische Tractatlein Philalethae und Ferrarii, Hamb. 1673, 8. Von Verwandlung der Metalle, Hamburg, 1675, 8. Edv. Bolnesti aurora chymica, Hamburg, 1675, 8 (edited by J. L.). Guil. Klarkii historia naturalis nitri, Ib. 1675, 8 (edited by J. L.). Thorn. Nicols Edelsteinbiichlein, Ebend. 1675, 8. J. Maria Meurdrac mitleidende und leichte Chymie, Frankfurt, 1676, 8. Alvaro AlonsoBarbaBergbiichlein, Hamb. 1676,8. Edv. Kellaeus de lapide philosophorum, Ibid. 1676, 8 (edited by J. L.). F. Bas. Valentin! chymischeSchriften, Eb. 1677, 8. Nicl. Flamelli chymische Werke, Ebendas, 1681,8. Rob. Boylen liiftige Noctiluca, Ebendas, 1682, 8. Corn. Lancilotti brennender Salamander, Frank- furt, 1682, 8. Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 42. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 441. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2252 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdn- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1216. Arnoldi de Villanova chymische Schriften, Ebend. und Hamb. 1683, 8. Mich. Sendigovii (sic) Leben, Hamb. 1683, 12. Kenelmy (sic) Digby Geheimnisse, Ebend. 1684, in 8. Beschreibung der Coffy, The'e, Chocolate und Tobacks, Ebend. 1684, 12. Entwurf von Alcahest, Ebend. 1684, 12. Kern der Chymie, Leipzig, 1685, 8. Erklarung iiber die seclis chymischen Pforten Georg Riplsei, Hamb. 1689, 8. Fr. Merc. v. Helmont Paradoxal Discurse (sic), Mid. 1691, 8. Paradeistafel, Hamb. 1692, 8. (?) Drey chymische Biicher, Hamb. 1692, 8. Kinderbett des Steins der Weisen, Ebend. 1692, 8. Rod. Goclenii phvsiognomische und chiroman- tische Anmerkungen, Eb. 1692, 8. Mr. del'Emeri cursus Chymicus, Hamb. 1694,8. Lancellotti C'olsons Tr.' von Erlangung des Steins der Weisen, Hamb. 1696, 8. After consideration of the foregoing list and of the clear statement of Jocher, Rotermund, and others as to the significance of the initials J. L. and J. L. M. C., namely, that they stand for Johann Lange, it is not requisite to dwell on the misinterpretation of them in the article on Edward Kelley in the Dictionary of National Biography, where they are supposed to denote John Lilly and Meric Casaubon. Meric Casaubon died in 1671, but the initials J. L. M. C. appeared as late as 1697. Nor is it necessary to point out that the reading is not ' J. L. ct M. C.,' but that it indicates one person only; that the reading in the case of Kelley's book is 'curanie' not 'curantibus,' and that of the preceding list the German books bearing the initials were certainly not translated by Lilly and Casaubon. As for John Lilly I do not know who he was, for there is no one of that name, so far as I am aware, likely to have edited Kelley's book. Is it possible that the influence of the initials them- selves has caused John Lilly to be inadvertently put for William Lilly, the astrologer, who may have been the person in the writer's mind? The fact that among the authorities in the article on Edward Kelley there is quoted ' Dr. John Lilly's Autobio- biography, ' seems to indicate that it is the astrologer who is intended, for it is in his autobiography that Kelley is introduced. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 344 ; 1798, ii. pp. 7, ii, 12. Ladrague, Bibliothcque Ou-varqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1155. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 335, 338, 347, 381. LANGELOTT (JOEL). Send-Schreiben von der Chymie. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 381. Joel Langelott (or Langellot, or Langellott, and also Lancellotus, by Witte) was born 12 Oct., 1617, at Ordorf in Thuringia, where his father Conrad was a dyer and burgomaster. He studied medi- cine at Jena, Rostock, and Copenhagen, as well as at Leyden, graduated in 1642, and received a call to Gottorp as chemist. He travelled in England, and became court physician in 1647 of Frederick IV., Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. In 1648 he was made private physician of the Duke and of his son. He died 8 Dec. , 1680. The above epistle was addressed to the Academia Naturae Curiosorum : Epistola ad Nature Citnusos de quibvsdam in chymia prcetermissis, Hamburg, 1672, small 8vo, pp. 32. The epistle was published in German at Niirn- berg, 1672. A number of papers on medical topics appeared in the Miscellanea of the Academia Naturae Curio- sorum Ann. iii. vi. and vii. His Chymia Physica is contained in Eman. Koenig's Thesaurus remedi- orum e triplici regno. LANGELOTT— LAPIS LANGELOTT QOEL). Continued. In manuscript he left Ac/a laboratorii Chymici In the present tract he describes a 'Philosophical Gottorpiensis ; Dissertatio de vera prceparalione et Mill,' or apparatus for grinding, of which he was usu multiplici laudani opiati ; tractatus de oleo the inventor, and Wallerius gives a drawing of it. auri et merciirio metallorum ; and some contro- It was to Langelott that Morhof addressed his versial tracts. epistle De Metallorum Transmutatione, 1673. Kirchmajer, Noctiluca constans, 1676, p. 21 col. 2258 ; Rotermund's Forlsetzung, 1810, iii. col. (c. iii. §2). 1243. Kirchmajer, De Pfiosphoris . . . Commtntatio, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 87. 1680, p. n. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- Hoffmann, Exercitatio de Cinnabari, 1685, p. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 587. 22 (' vir supra fidem verax '). Joh. Gottschalk Wallerius, Die physische Ckemie Mercklin, l.indenius raimatns, 1686, p. 708. (ed. Christ. Andr. Mangold), Gotha, 1761, i. p. 59, \Vitte, Diariuat Ho^raphicutn, 1688 ; sig. Rrrr and Tafel iii. 73ste Figur (Langelott's ' Philo- 2 rtctii, Anno 1680. (He calls him Lancellotus.} sopliical Mill'). Mangct, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicvrum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 622. 1731, II. i. p. 29. ^°y» Diclionnaire historique de la Attdecine, Kestner, Medicinisches Ge/ehrtcn-Lexicon, 1740, 1778, iii. p. 18. p. 458. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 30, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 136. Hcnncfii/Hi-, 1742, iii. p. 201. Reuss, Reperlorium, Commentation um, 1803, iii. Moller, Ciinl'ria literati/, 1744, ii. p. 444. (Chemia et Hes Metallica}, pp. 2, 115. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- lexicon, 1750, ii. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 512. LAPIS Animalis Microcosmicus. See DOLHOPFF (GEORG ANDREAS). LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM. Authoris ignoti, philosophic! lapidis secreta metaphorice describentis, Opusculum. See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 249. See GIN.IECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5^6. See GEUER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 261. See GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins. See GEHEIMNISS vom Stein der Weisen. Lapis Philosophorum. See FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum, 1752. See ERLAUTERTE und aus der Erfahrung enviesene Wahrheit des Goldmachens oder des so betittelten Lapidis Philosophorum. 1767. Lapis philosophorum ad quendam Papam. See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 240. An lapis Philosophorum valeat contra pestem quaestio. See GRATAROLO (c.), Veras alchimiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 259. De Lapide per Acquam mercurialem. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunst-Kammer, 1614, Part ii. P- 239- See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 540. De Lapide Philosophorum. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemias, Ander Buch, 1614, sig. ):(iiij verso. De lapide Philosophorum duodecim Capitula incerti authoris. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. i 598, p. 157. Sec TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymia*, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 261. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 281. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 261. io LAPIS— LASNIORO LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM. Continued. De Lapide Philosophorum Tractatus duodecim, 1611. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). De Lapide Philosophico Tractatus eximius, titulo conscriptus : Vera Philosophise Doctrina de generatione metallorum. See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 305. Lapidis philosophici nomenclatura, a G. Gratarolo collecta. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 265. De Lapidis Philosophorum formatione epilogus. See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 248. De Magni Lapidis sive Benedicti Compositione et Operatione Aliquot Capita. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 53. Liber de Magni Lapidis Compositione et Operatione, Auctore adhuc incerto. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. i. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5. Perfecta Salis Communis praeparatio ad lapidem Philosophorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 250. Tractatus Aureus de Lapide Philosophico. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. i. Tractatus de Lapide Philosophico, incogniti auctoris. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 653 and 698. Tractatlein von Lapide Philosophorum. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 234. LA POTERIE (PIERRE DE). See POTERIUS (PETRUS). LASNIORO (JOANNES DE). Tractatus Aureus de Lapide Philosophorum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 579. Johann von Laaz, or Joannes de Lasnioro, or further account of Laaz. After having learned all Lasnionoro, was a Bohemian, who flourished before he could from Antonius of Florence he travelled — the middle of the fifteenth century. He announces as so many others did— to visit other alchemists, himself as a pupil of Antonius de Florentia, who, and in the course of his journeyings he came into as is stated at the end of the tract (p. 584), was contact with Barbara, second wife of the German murdered ' here in Bohemia on account of his emperor Sigismund, who died in 1437. She lived chemistry': 'Hie Joannes superius subscriptus de a very scandalous life— people compared her with Lazionoro (sic) fuit discipulus ipsius Antonii Itali Messalina— and her favoured occupation was ai- de Florentia oriundi, qui hie in Bohemia propter chemy, in which she passed off juggling tricks as earn artem Chymicam ab hominibus impiis est genuine cases of transmutation. DeLasnioro neither trucidatus, prout in Bohemico de lapide Philoso- deceived himself nor tried to cheat others into a phorum scripto testatur itaaccidisse.' There seems belief in transmutations which were only shams, no ground, therefore, for Schmieder's assertion that and he does not seem to have hesitated to say what Laaz studied in Italy, and still less for his state- he thought about Barbara's prestidigitations. He ment that his name was changed by his Italian says she made false gold which would not stand companions into L.as-nion-oro, or Laaz-np-gold ! the tests, and cheated many merchants, and when because of his unsuccessful alchemical experiments, he witnessed the deceptions he spoke out : ' correxi unless it is meant as a sort of sombre Schmied- earn verbis.' Then naturally: 'Ilia autem voluit erian joke. Petraeus it is who is responsible for me incarcerare, sed discessi ab ea cum pace, quia LASNIORO—LA VINIUS \ i LASNIORO (JOANNES DE). Continued. Deus juvit me.' Doubtless he thought himself well we must infer either that there are two distinct out of it. works of the same name, or, more likely, that the According to Petraeus these revelations are con- printed version as we now have it is not complete, tained in a MS. on vellum of date 1440, entitled The Tractatus Aureus appeared in 1611 in Via Universalis. Tractatus de Secretissimo Antiquorum Philoso- It is to be observed, however, that the title Via phorum Arcano. Tractatus ii. De Lapide Philo- Universalis is given to the present tract, for it sophorum Joannis Lasniori Bohaemi Summi concludes with the following paragraph : Philosophi, nunc primum in gratiam studiosas 'Explicit via universalis Joannis de Lasnioro juventutis in lucem editas (sic) ab Autore Anonymo. Lazon. sub Anno millesimo quadringentesimo Anno TV es saCerDos In aeternVM., small 8°, quadragesimo octavo. Feria Sexta in Vigilia Viti. sig. A. This tract was published again in 1612, Ego verb Joannes Lucianus exemplavi diligentia 8°, and with others at Hanau, 1618, 8°. magna. anno quadringentesimo.' It was reprinted in the Theatrum Chemicum, As the passages relative to the Queen, quoted by 1613, iv. p. 657, and in the later edition of 1659, as Petraeus from the vellum MS., dated 1440, of the above. If all this be accurate, the present tract Via Universalis, do not occur in the present tract, must have been composed about 1437. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 1637, p. 286. der Rosenkreuzer , 1787, ii. p. 29. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 626. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 296. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1731, II. i. p. 44. 1806-08, p. 106. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Jocher, Allgemeines Gehhrten-Lexicon ; Roter- HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 54, 201. mund's Portsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii. Petraeus, Fr. Basilii \\ilentini . . . Chymische col. 1320. Schri/ten, 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. Az recto. Schmiecler, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 223. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 160 ; ii. p. 383. P- 583. LAUGIER (ROBERT DE). Institutiones Pharmaceuticse sive Philosophia Pharmaceutica Auctore Roberto de Laugier Doct. Med. S. C. Maj. Consiliar. Universitat. Vindobon. & Mutin. Chemiae & Botanices Professore Emerito, Reg. Nancei'anae, & Georgo- phil. Florentin. Academiar. Socio, atque Mutinensi Medicorum Collegio adscripto. Mutiny M DCC LXXXVIII. Apud Societatem Typographicam. Annuentibus Superioribus. 8°. Pp. 326 [2]. 6 plates of Laugier's still. This is the first volume only. There should be three in all, 1788-1791, 8°. Though his name is quite distinctly Robert, chair in 1768 he lived at Strassburg, and on Poggendorff calls him Fran9ois. He is reported as 17 Dec., 1793, died at Reggio. The above is a native of Nancy or of Metz. He was a doctor apparently his only work, but he is remembered by of medicine, imperial councillor, professor of the distilling apparatus which he invented. He is chemistry and botany at Vienna and at Modena, not to be confused with Andre' Laugier, who a member of the Royal Society of Nancy, of the succeeded Fourcroy at the Museum of Natural Agricultural Society of Florence, and of the College History as professor of chemistry, and devoted of Physicians at Modena. After he resigned his himself to the analysis of minerals. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Handworterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1383. LAVINIUS (WENCESLAUS) Moravus. Tractatus de Coelo Terrestri. See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER), Cheiragogia Heliana, 1612, p. 97. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 288. Traitd du ciel terrestre. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 566. These three tracts are quoted by Lenglet Du- secret of making. Oswald Crollius in a note to fresnoy, who repeats that the author was a Moravian Mining Superintendent Franz Kretschmer says he gentleman, and that his ' Trait6' though short was had seen the red powder, and, though he knew esteemed. He is said to have studied at foreign Lavinius familiarly in France and was aware of his universities, lived in Paris, and returned to his own working at chemistry, he was doubtful about his country in possession of the stone, which, from the being able to transmute the metals, quantity he possessed, he seemed to have had the 12 LA VINIUS-LA VOIS1ER LAVINIUS (WENCESLAUS) Moravus. Continued. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1037. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 44. Lenglet Dufresuoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermtiique, 1742, i. p. 472 ; iii. pp. 44, 54, 201. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. .296. Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte des sogenanntcn Goldmachens, 1805, p. 43. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 108. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 270. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 361. LAVOISIER (ANTOINE LAURENT). Traite Elementaire de Chimie, presente dans un Ordre Nouveau et d'apres les Decouvertes Modernes, par M. Lavoisier. Nouvelle edition, a laquelle on a joint la Nomenclature Ancienne & Moderne, pour servir a 1'intelligence des Auteurs ; differens Memoires de MM. Fourcroy & Morveau, & le Rapport de MM. Baume, Cadet, Darcet & Sage, sur la necessite de reformer & de perfectionner la Nomenclature Chimique. Avec Figures & Tableaux. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Cuchet, Libraire, rue & hotel Serpente. M.DCC.LXXXIX. 8°. Tome Premier : pp. xliv. , 322. 2 folding tables. Tome Second : pp. viij., 326. Tome Troisieme : Nomenclature Chimique, pp. iv., 359 [i blank], 2 tables ; 13 engraved plates. Trattato Elementare di Chimica presentato in un ordine nuovo dietro le scoperte moderne, 1792. See DANDOLO (VINCENZO). The life and fates of Lavoisier are so well known, his achievements so outstanding, and the accounts of him so accessible and familiar, that it is un- necessary to describe the former or enumerate the latter. He was born at Paris, 26 Augt. , 1743, ar)d received an excellent education. Having a taste for natural science, he studied mathematics, astro- nomy, botany, and geology, but finally devoted himself to chemistry. In 1764, when he was just 21, he gained a prize from the academy for the best method of lighting a large town. He wrote papers on mineralogy and meteorology, and was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1764. He now pursued investigation with great ardour, and in order to obtain means to carry on his experi- ments he obtained the post of a ' farmer-general ' in 1769. Then began his researches into the con- stitution of the atmosphere and the cause of the increase of weight during combustion, which ended after a dozen years' minute and accurate inquiry and prolonged controversy in the overthrow of the phlogistic hypothesis, the introduction and estab- lishment of the oxygen explanation of combustion and the publication of the new system of nomen- clature based on it. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 10, ii ; 1799, >>'• PP- 63, 276, &c., &c. Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 6, 8, n, 14, &c., &c. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 380, &c., &c. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, pp. 479-481 ; App. iv. p. l.xi. April 3, 1788. Salvigni, Due Ragionamentisulle Teorie chimiche di Lavoisier di Giovanni Mayow e di Lodovico Barbieri, Bologna, 1818, 8°, pp. 66 [i, i blank]. Biographic Universelle, 1819, xxiii. p. 461 ; no date, xxiii. p. 414 (by Cuvier). Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. pp. 547-554- Lavoisier's researches were epoch-making, numer- ous, and varied, but in connection with parts of his work there has been some difference of opinion as to the share to be allotted to him. The most con- spicuous case is that connected with the discovery of the composition of water. Upon this xjuestion opposing views were taken by the Rev. Vernon Harcourt, Arago, Brougham, and others, the claims of Cavendish, Watt, and Lavoisier respec- tively being supported by different writers. This topic has been reviewed at full length by Kopp. Lavoisier studied practical and economic matters as well as pure science, and was especially in- terested in agriculture, the manufacture of saltpetre and gunpowder, and he was an active member of the commission on weights and measures. His later researches were upon respiration, and it was in the midst of this work that he fell a victim to the Revolution, 8 May, 1794. Hoefer has brought a severe indictment against the most distinguished of his scientific contemporaries for having apparently made no effort to save him. His researches were published in the Memoirs of the Academy. They were collected in 6 vols. , 4°, and published 1862-1893. QueYard, La France Litt&raire, 1830, iv. p. 642. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830-31, ii. pp. 75-141. Cuvier, Histoire des Progrts des Sciences Natur- clles, 1834, i. p. 65, &c. Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophie Chimique, l837> PP- J34-i86, &c. ; 1878, pp. 135-202, &c. Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, pp. no- 165, &c. Arago, Historical Eloge of James Watt, trans- lated from the French . . . by James Patrick Muirhcad, 1839, 8°, p. 102 (the water con- troversy). W. Vernon Harcourt, ' Presidential Address.' UNIVERSITY 1 X LA VOISIER—LEADE LAVOISIER (ANTOINE LAURENT). Continued. Report of the ninth meeting of the British Associa- tion . . . held at Birmingham, in August, 1839. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 360, 363, 365 I 1869, ii. pp. 351, 355, 357, 489-53°- Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 299- 315, &c., &c. Kire'evsky, Histoire des Legislateitrs Chimistes, 1845, pp. 22-88. Brougham, Lives of Men of Letters and Science who flourished in the time of George III., 1846, ii. pp. 227-276 ; Works, 1855, i. pp. 290-333. Muirhead, Correspondence of the late James Watt on his discovery of the Composition of Water, 1846. Trattato elementare di Chimica, Torino, 1847, pp. 138-155, 190-197. George Wilson, Life of the Hcnble. Henry Cavendish, London, Cavendish Society, 1851 (the water controversy ; Bibliography, p. 269). Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 671. Samuel Brown, ' Phlogiston and Lavoisier,' North British Review, No. xxxv. Reprinted in his Lectures on the Atomic Theory and Essays Scientific and Literary, 1858, i. pp. 186-245. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col. i. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- wijrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1392. Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 70-120. Gerding, Geschichte der Chemie, 1867, p. 135, &c. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 1869, 2eme Serie, ii. p. 106. Ladenburg, Vortrdge iiber die Entwicklungs- geschichte der Chemie in den letzten hundert Jahren, 1869, pp. 21 & sqq. Adolphe Wurtz, A History of Chemical Theory from the Age of Lavoisier to the present time, translated and edited by Henry Watts, 1869, 8°. Wurtz, Histoire des doctrines chimiques depuis Lavoisier jusqu'd nos jn-urs. Paris, 1869, 12° (appeared originally as the ' Discours Preliminaire' to the Dictionnaire de Chimie pure et appliqutt). C. E. Jullien, La Chimie nouvelle, ou la Crassier de la nomenclature chimique de Lavoisier deblayt, 1870, 8°. Santesson, Kemiens Grundsanningarframstdllda i Leftiadsteckningar af dess Heroer, Stockholm (1870), p. 51, &c., &c. (This is a free translation of Hoefer' s book preceding.) Kopp, Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuertn Zeit, 1873, pp. 85-216, &c., &c. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. pp. 235-310 (the water controversy). M. M. P. Muir, Heroes of Science. Chemists, 1883, pp. 79-100, &c. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 30 ; ii. p. 164, Edouard Grimaux, Lavoisier, 1743-1794, dapres sa Correspondance, ses Manuscrits, ses Papiers de Famille et dautres Documents inedits, Paris, 1888, 8°, 10 plates. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1888, xlii. p. 297. H. Picton, The Story of Chemistry (1889), pp. 231-254, Berthelot, La Revolution Chimique. Lavoisier, 1800, 8°, pp. xii. 334. Frontispiece. La Grande Encyclopldie , xxi. pp. 1064-68 (by Berthelot). Ernst von Meyer, A History of Chemistry trans- lated by George 'McGowan, 1891, pp. 151-162, &c., &c. Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894, pp. 88-141. Ramsay, The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1896, pp. 100-118. LEADE (JANE). Sonenblume der Weisen, das ist : Eine helle und klare Vorstellung der Prae- parirung defs Philosophischen Steins, neben Bestraffung derjenigen welche sich ohne Grund hierinen bemiihen. Wie auch eine Wohlmeinende Warming in was vor Materien man sich hierinnen zu hiiten, indem die Authorin ihre selbsteigene Thorheiten, so sie in ungegriindeten Arbeiten begangen, aller Welt vor Augen stellet. Zum offentlichen Druck verfertiget und an das Tagesliecht gebracht von Leona Constantia in Afflictionibus triumphante. Im Jahr 1704. 12°. Pp. 120. Aus Leona Constantia Sonnenblume der Weisen. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 172. See MYSTERIUM Magnum. Jane Ward, daughter of Schildknap Ward of a Norfolk family, was born in 1623. She married her cousin, William Lead, or Leadc, and, on his death not long after, she lived in seclusion in London, and devoted herself to a religious life, to which she considered herself called by a mysterious voice when a girl. She studied Bohme and wrote mystical books, one of which, translated into Dutch and German, made her known on the Continent. Francis Lee, on his return from Venice in 1694, fell in with her book and sought her out in London, and was adopted by her as her son, and became her disciple. When her eyesight failed her, he attended to her, looked after her correspondence, wrote to her dicta- tion, and edited her books. Lee was the founder of the Philadelphian Society which included not only Mrs. Leade, but a number of the mystics of the time, her followers, and she wrote certain mes- sages to them. Pordage, one of the members, wrote a letter which seems to be addressed to her (see PORDAGE ( JOHN) ). They drew up a constitu- tion and printed their Transactions, which appeared in five numbers, from March to November, 1697, LEADE—LEBENWALDT LEADE (JANE). Continued. and with other papers form a small volume in 4°. This book has become rare. Towards the end of her life she was in poor cir- cumstances. She died 19 Aug., 1704, and Lee J. H. Feustking, Gynaeceumhaeretico-fanaticum, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1704, i. p. 412. Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- moritm, 1708, Liber de Anonymis Scriptoribus detectis, p. 415, No. 1691 (Fischer's German trans- lation of her works). Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 43. Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophise hen Historie, 1735, vi. p. 1180. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1737, xvi. col. 1253. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. p. 1157 (Th. II. xvii. 19, §59). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. wrote an account of her last hours. Her works are numerous, and a list is given by Miss Fell Smith ; they are all mystical and do not refer to chemistry or alchemy. col. 2326 ; Rotermund's Fertsetzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1451. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 106. Beylrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chetnie, 1785, p. 646. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1789, ii. p. 319. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. p. 117. Notes and Queries, 4th Series, 1870, vi. p. 529. British Quarterly Review, July, 1873, Ivii. pp. 181-187 (article by Canon Jenkins). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxxii. p. 312 (article by Miss C. Fell Smith). LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A). Adami a Lebenwaldt, Philosophi & Medici, Com. Pal. Caes. Not. Apost. Publ. Erstes Tractate!, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Hebreer Cabala mit einem Vorbericht wie der Teuffel bey dem Menschlichen Ge- schlecht auff vnderschidliche VVeifs eingeschlichen. Saltzburg, Druckts vnd verlegts Job. Baptist Mayr, Hoff- vnd Academ. Buchdrucker, 1680. 12°. Pp. [12] 80. Andertes Tractatel, von der List und Betrug defs Teuffels in der Astrologia Judiciaria, oder zu vil Urtheilenden Stern- Kunst. Pp. [4] 95 [i blank]. % Drittes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in den Vier Elementen vnd vil andern aberglaubischen Dingen. Pp. [2] 140 [i, i blank]. Vierdtes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List und Betrug in der falschen Alchy- misterey und Goldmacher-Kunst. Pp. [2] 129 [5 blank, 2]. Wants the title, pp. 83-86, and a blank leaf. Tracts 5-8 are wanting. They are as follows : Funfftes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List und Betrug in der Berg-Ruethen und Berg-Spiegl, 1 68 1, pp. [2] 137 [3 blank]. Sechstes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Waffen-Salben, vnd so genandten Sympathetischen Pulver, 1681, pp. [2] 198. Sibentes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Transplantation oder Vberpflantzung der Kranckheit, 1681, pp. [2] 166. Achtes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in Verfiihrung der Menschen zur Zauberey, 1681, pp. [4] 362. Lebenwaldt, or Lebwald von Lebenwald, who flourished in the middle of the seventeenth century, was born at Sailenspach, in Upper Austria, in the government of the Count of Spruitzstein, 25 Nov., 1624, studied medicine, was M.D. of Padua, and had practised the art for seven and twenty years, as he tells us in the dedication of the above book. He was created Count Palatine, was a councillor in Styria, Imperial poet laureate, Apostolic Notari- us and provincial physician to the Duke of Styria. He was received into the Leopoldine Academy Mercklin, Lindenivs renovatus, 1686, p. 8. Cornelius & Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- tonim in re medica physica fir" chymica, Amstel. , 1696, p. 70. under the name of Aesculapius II., 7 Feb., 1683. He died 10 (20) June, 1696. He wrote : Damographia, oder Gemsenbeschrei- bung in 2 Thcilen, Salzburg, 1680, 4° ; Das Land- Stadt- und Haus- Arzney-Buch, Niirnberg, 1695, folio, and numerous communications to the Leo- poldine Academy, for which see the list given by Cornelius a Beughem. In the British Museum catalogue he is called Adam Lebwald von Lebenwald. Kopp calls him Adam A. Lebenswaldt, and says there are eight tracts altogether, of which the fourth deals with the deceits of alchemy. Leben- waldt scolds vigorously and reveals the tricks of apparent transmutations. He has some remarks also on the Rosicrucians. The opinions expressed in these tracts were attacked by Johann Tillemann or Tileman, in three ' Defensiones contra Adamum & Lebenwald,' printed without place or date, probably at Inns- pruck about 1680, in small 12°, i. sig. A in twelves [last leaf blank] ; ii. sigs. A, B in twelves, C in four [2 blank] ; iii. sig. A in twelve. Tileman anagrammatises his name into ' Du Nebel laut. ' Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 48. (Memoir from the Miscellanea Nat. Cur. Decur. , iij. Ann. v. & vi.) LEBENWALDT—LE CROM LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte melallicce, 1732, p. 89. Gundling, Historic der Gelahrhett, 1735, iii. p. 3208 (refers to Ephemerides Academias Naturae Curiosorum ad Ann. 1699 et 1700). Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2327 ; Roternmnd's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 89. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 113. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 695. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 34. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 192. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. p. 468. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 392. LE BRETON (CHARLES). Les Clefs de la Philosophic Spagyrique, qui donnent la connoissance des Principes & des veritables Operations de cet Art dans les Mixtes des trois genres, par feu M. Le Breton, Medecin de la Faculte de Paris. A Paris, rue S. Jacques, chez Claude Jombert, au coin de la rue des Mathurins, a I'lmage Notre-Dame. M.DCCXXII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy. 16°. Pp. [8] 398 [a]. [Another Copy.] This book is merely mentioned by Lenglet Dufresnoy, in the Beytrag, by Gmelin, and by Kopp, but they say nothing about the author. He is omitted by Schmieder. Haller refers to a per- Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 1736, PP. 568, 571. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 129, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 36. son called Le Breton, author of a work on select surgical remedies, 1716, but I do not know for certain if he be the same as the chemist. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 660. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 318. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1315. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 364. LE COMTE (Louis). See COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE). LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?). Vade Mecum Philosophique, en Forme de Dialogue, en Faveur des Enfans de la Science, nouvellement mis au jour, ou Ton fait voir ce que c'est que la vraye Quintessence. Avec un Petit Traite des Dissolutions et Coagulations naturelles & artificielles. Par le Sieur Le Crom. A Paris, chez Daniel Jollet, Imprimeur-Libraire, au bout du Pont Saint Michel, du coste" du Marche" Neuf, au Livre Royal. Et la veuve Papillon, pre*s des Augustins, a la descente du Pont-Neuf, aux Armes d'Angleterre. M.DCC.XIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege. 12°. Pp. [7, i blank] 107 [i blank]. Petit Trait6 des Dissolutions et Coagulations naturelles & artificielles. Pp. 40. Dissertation philosophique sur le Sel Arabe et la Poudre Solaire. Pp. [24] [4]. According to Ladrague, Le Crom is a pseudonym for Frai^ois Marie Pompee Colonne, who not only wrote the above, but under the name of Crosset de la Haumerie composed the book Les Seciets les plus cache's de la Philosophie des Anciens, . . . Paris, 1722, 8°, 1762, 12° (commended in the Journal des Savans, 1723, pp. 112-15), and another which appeared anonymously : Les Principes de la Nature, suivant les opinions desanciens Philosophes, . . . Paris, 1725, 2 vols. , 12°. This identification is not made by Gmelin, who ascribes (ii. p. 318) to Fran/. Mar. Pomp. Colonna a work: Histoire naturelle de i ' i/nivers, Paris, 1734, 2 vols., 12°; to Crosset de la Haumerie (hid. ) : Les secrets les plus cache's . . . but with the date 1723 ; and (Ibid. p. 356) to Lc Crom : i6 LE CROM—LEEUWENHOEK LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?). Continued. Plusieurs experiences utiles et curieuses concer- nant la Medecine et la Metallique, Paris, 1718, 12°. As for Lenglet Dufresnoy, he does not include Colonne at all ; Crosset de la Haumerie is credited with the tract above mentioned ; and to Le Crom is assigned the work Plusieurs experiences . . . 1718, only. But he adds that he visited Le Crom sometimes, and did not think that Le Crom en- gaged in the Hermetic Science, but only in so far as it could serve medicine. Le Crom is not mentioned either by Schmieder or Kopp. More recent notices do not make very clear the connection between Colonne and Le Crom. The article in the Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale simply mentions Alexandre Le Crom as the name under which he wrote certain books, including the above, but Che'surolles seems to imply that Le Crom was not a mere pseudonym, for he describes him as being ' une espece d'apothicaire demeurant rue St. Denis, a Paris.' Colonna, or Colonne, was born in Italy about 1649, came to France in 1669, went back to Italy the following year, and then returned and settled in Paris. He perished in the fire which consumed his house at Paris in 1726. He is said to have been a learned man, skilled in mathematics, but he was specially devoted to the occult sciences, and the Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 143, 183. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 318, 356. LEEUW. See VREESWYK (GOOSSEN VAN). books which he wrote refer chiefly to them. They are as follows : Introduction a la philosophie des anciens, Paris, 1698, 12°. This is said to be merely a revision of the Escalier des Sages, Groningen, 1689, fol. , by Rarent Comders van Helpen. Les secrets les plus caches de la philosophie des anciens, Parts, 1722, 1762, 12°, under the name Crosset de la Haumerie. Abr£g£ de la doctrine de Paracelse et ses Archi- doxes, Paris, 1724, 12°, under the anagram Sum incola franc us. Les principes de la Nature selon les opinions des anciens philosophes, Paris, 1725, 2 vols., 12°, anonymous. Nouveau Miroir de la fortune, Paris, 1726, 12°. Principes de la Nature on la generation des choses, Paris, 1731, 12°, posthumous, edited by Gosmond. Histoire naturelle de 1'univers, Paris, 1734, 4 vols., 12°. Plusieurs experiences utiles sur la m6decine, la metallique, &c., Paris, 1719, 12°, under the name of Alexandre Lecrom. Vade-Mecum Philosophique, Paris, 1719, 12°, as above. Suite des experiences utiles, Paris, 1725, 12°. Biographie Universelle, 1844, viii. p. 661 (article by Ch&urolles). Nouvelle Biographie Ghierale, 1856, xi. col. 296. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 591, 1312-14. LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN). Observations faites avec la Microscope sur le sang et sur le lait. See RECUEIL d'experiences, 1679, p. 221. Leeuwenhoek was born at Delft, 24 Oct., 1632, at the age of 16 began to learn business with a merchant in Amsterdam, and spent some years there. After his marriage at Delft he gave up business and devoted himself to the study of science, and became one of the most distinguished of microscopic observers. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1679. His death occurred Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1088. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 54-63. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 535. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, p. 89. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 173,6, p. 584. Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litteranam Anatomes, 1738, pp. 522, 523. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrlen-Lexicon, 1740, p. 466. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 341. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2336 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1436. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la AtdJecine, 1755, ii. p. 120 ; 1778, iii. p. 67. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774. i. pp. 606, 704. in his gist year, 26 Augt., 1723, and he continued an unwearied worker to the very end. His letters refer to crystallization, the configuration of the diamond, the solution of silver, compression of the air, experiments with cinnabar, gunpowder, &c., &c. His works were collected and published at Leyden, 1722, 4 vols., 4°; English translation by Samuel Hoole, 1798-1800, 3 parts, 4°. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 202. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 33, 121. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 200. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv. p. xxvii. Ann. 1680. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xx. p. 218. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 362 ; no date, xxiv. p. 387. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 561. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. pp. 117-119, 209, 224, 250, 264, 265, 266. Delvenne, Biographie du Royaume des Pays-Bas, 1829, ii. p. 64. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i. PP- 244-245. LEEUWENHOEK—LE FEVRE 17 LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN). Continued. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. P. J. Haaxman, Antony van Leeuvtenhoek de p. 498. Ontdekker der Infusorien, 1675-1875, Leiden, 1875 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1860, xxxi. col. (with portrait, facsimile and illustrations. Pp. 13. 138-140, list of references to Leeuwenhoek). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- W. J. A. Huberts, Biographisch Woordenboek ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404. der Noord- en Zuid-Nederlandsche Letterkunde, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Deventer, 1878, p. 303 (quite a short notice). Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 280. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 2e Section, 1887, xlii. p. 358. LE FEVRE (NICOLAS). Neuvermehrter Chymischer Handleiter, und Guldnes Kleinod : Das ist : Deutliche Unterweisung, wie man die von Chymischer Wissenschafft ins gemein handelende Schrifften recht verstehen ; und nach Ordnung der Spagyrischen und Apotheckerischen Bereit-Kunst die darzu erforderte wiirck- liche Operation gebiihrlich verrichten, die Vegetabilia, Animalia, und Mineralia, ohne Einbufs ihrer wesentlichen Krafte bereiten ; auch die Fehler welche ehdessen in den gemeinen Apothecken begangen worden, abschaffen, und nach der heutigen Verbesserung alle Bereitungen anstellen miisse : Vormals treufleissigst in Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben, durch N. Le Febure, Seiner Kon. Maj. in Frankreich ordinar-Apotheckern, und Chymischen Distillatorn, &c. Anitzo aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde aufs Neue durchaus in vielem noch mehr erlautert, und mit hauffigen Secreten und nutzlichen Artzneystiicken vermehrt, und zum andern mal durch den Druck publiciret von Joh. Hiskia Cardilucio. Mit Chur-Fiirstl. Sachsischen Privilegio. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Joh. Andreae Endters Sel. Sohne. M.DC.LXXXV. 8°. Pp. [34] 867 [55]. Title red and black. Engraved title wanting. 14 engraved plates. Cours de Chymie, pour servir d'Introduction a cette Science. Par Nicolas Le Fevre, Professeur Royal de Chymie, & Membre de la Societe* Royale de Londres. Cinquieme Edition, Revue, corrige'e & augmente'e d'un grand nombre d'Operations, & enrichie de Figures. Par M. Du Monstier, Apoticaire de la Marine & des Vaisseaux du Roi ; Membre de la Societe" Royale de Londres & de celle de Berlin. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Rollin, Fils, Quay des Augustins, a Saint Athanase. M.DCC.LI. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Pp. [4] xxxvj. [4] 454 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Six plates. II. [4] x. 472. i plate. III. [4] xiv. 477 [3 bl.]. 2 plates. IV. [4] iij.-xiv. 436 (for 484). V. [4] iij.-xx. [2 bl.] 436. 2 plates. H is name also appears as Le Febure and Lefebvre. and he was much flattered by this promotion. What little is known of his life is obtained He occupied the post for fully a dozen years, and chiefly from his own work. He was born early in in 1660 published a summary of the instruction he the seventeenth century, where is not stated, and had been in the habit of giving in his treatise on he was educated in the Protestant College of chemistry, of which many editions are extant. Sedan, a town to which he alludes more than once. In 1664 he accepted the invitation of Charles II., He was initiated in chemistry and pharmacy by his and was appointed Royal professor of chemistry father, and he himself has described the course of and Apothecary in Ordinary to the Household at his studies. A little before his time had begun the St. James's, and was also elected a fellow of the movement which ended in the foundation of the newly-founded Royal Society. He died in London Jardin du Roi, and the appointment of Dr. William in 1674. Davisson as the first professor of botany and chem- He wrote two lx>oks : Chimie thtoriqut el istry. When Davisson left, Le F&vre succeeded pratique, Paris, 1660, 2 vols., 12°. Several editions him by the influence of Vallot, the king's physician, are recorrl( d : Paris, 1669, 2 vols. ; Lcyden, 1669, II. B i8 LE FEVRE—LEHMANN LE FEVRE (NICOLAS). Continued. 2 vols., 12°, pp. i. [64] 1-556, ii. [4] 557-1216 [21, i blank], 8 plates; Paris, 1674, 2 vols., 12°; Leyden, 1696. It was translated into German, Nurnberg, 1678, 8° ; 1675 ; the above in 1685, and again in 1688. The English translation was made by ' a gentle- man of his Majesty's Privy Chamber,1 whose initials are P. D. C. It appeared at London, 1664, 4°, in 2 parts, bound together. It was reissued in 1670, with two different title-pages, on one of which he calls himself Fellow of the Royal Society. It may be observed that, on the title- page, the author's name appears as Nicasius le Febvre and not Nicolas. Conring, In ttniversam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. xi. vi.**). Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 74 (calls him Le Februe). Stolle, Anleitun% zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce meta/lica, 1732, p. 56 (calls him le Fiirbe). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 4. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdccine, 1755, ii. p. in ; 1778, iii. p. 41. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 27, 116. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, P. 623. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 745 ; 1798, ii. pp. 357, 517. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 146. Eloy mentions an edition of 1740. The treatise also appeared in Latin, Besan9on, !737i 2 vols., 4°. The second work in French was published in 1665. I have not seen this, but only the English version : A Discourse upon Sr. Walter RawIeigK1! Great Cordial , . . rendered into English by Peter Belon, London, 1664, small 8°, pp. [2 blank, 18] no. He is said to have translated into French the ' Religio Medici ' of Sir Thomas Brown : La Re- ligion du Medecin . . . Imprime~e I' An 1668, without place or printer, 12°, pp. [24] 360. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 564 (article by Orfila). Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), 359 A Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophic Chimique, 1837, p. 51 ; 1878, p. 56 ; Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, p. 15. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 286; 1869, ii. p. 276. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 12, &c. La Grande Encyclopedic, no date, xxi. p. 1130 (is based on Dumas and Hoefer). Haag, La France Protestante, 1855, v. p. 497. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 502. Nouvelle Biographic Gtndrale, 1859, xxx. col. 342. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404. LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN). D. Johann Christian Lehmanns vollkommene Beschreibung eines Bergbohrers, wie solcher nebst seinen darzu gehorigen Stiicken gefertiget, und dam it operiret werden solle; Defsgleichen wie man sich dessen zu bedienen habe auf viel tausend Schuh, sowohl Ortwarts, als Sohl- und Fiirstwerts durch die Damerde, Gebiirge & Festgestein zu bohren ; welchem noch eine sehr grose Ver- besserung derer Puchwerke beygefiiget ist. Mit dazu gehorigen Kupfern. Leipzig, in der Grofsischen Handlung 1750. 8°. Pp. 70 (for 80). 2 folding plates. The first edition was published at Leipzig in 1714, 8°, and an edition of 1716 is mentioned. Lehmann was born at Bautzen (Budissin) in Ober- Lausitz 16 June, 1675. His father Elias was Phil. & Med. D. and private physician to the Saxon Churfursts George II. and III. At first he had a tutor, then he was at school at Bischofs- werda, and in 1690 at the gymnasium at Zittau under Christian Weisen. In 1694 he went to Leipzig, in 1695 graduated as bachelor in arts and medicine, 1696 he was master, and in 1699 doctor of medicine. He was appointed extraordinary pro- fessor of the Institutes of Medicine in 1707, and in 1710 ordinary professor. In 1712 the Leopoldine Academy elected him a member under the name of Antenor II. and on the 7 June, 1713, he received the same distinction from the Berlin Academy. In 1723 he was 'collegiat1 in the great ' Fiirsten- Collegium,' and in 1732 he attained the dignity of Senior of the Philosophical Faculty and Decemvir of the Academy at Leipzig. His death occurred 19 Jan. , 1739, at Leipzig". He was distinguished by his experimental and manipulative ability and by the ingenious instru- ments which he constructed. A large number of academic programmes, orations and dissertations on varied subjects came from his pen. Those relating more particularly to chemistry are the following : Dissertatio de transmutationibus corporum extra- ordinariis, Lips., 1696, 4°. Disputatio de Balsamo Peruviano nigro, Lips., 1707, 4°. Von Zusammenordinirung derer Gradierhauser, Gradierdacher, Gradier-Maschinen, Gradir-Rohren und Passer, an, unter und iiber denen Siedepfannen und ihren Rauchfangen, Dresden, 1719, 4°, and one or two others on salt working. His papers on experimental physics were published in the trans- actions of the Berlin Academy, 1746, & sqq. Utilitatis physicae verse Specimina VI., Leipz., 1714-36, 4°, with engravings. LEHMANN— LEHR-SA TZE LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicee, 1732, p. 89. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 466. Acta Academice Natura Curiosorum, 1742, vi. App. pp. 180-190. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2343 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdn- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1504. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historic., 1755, p. 489, No. 292. Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 777 (the mineral water at Reibelsgriin) ; 1799, iii. p. 27 (saltworks). Gottlieb Friedr. Otto, Lexikon der seit dem funfzehenden Jahrhunderte verstorbenen und jezt- lebenden Oberlausisischen Schriftsteller und Kiinst- ler, Gorlitz, 1802, II. i. p. 422. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 300. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 360 (Peruvian balsam). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1409. LEHMANN QOHANN GOTTLOB). Abhandlung von den Metall-Miittern und der Erzeugung der Metalle aus der Naturlehre und Bergwerckswissenschaft hergeleitet und mit Chymischen Versuchen erwiesen von D. Johann Gottlob Lehmann. Berlin verlegts Christoph Gottlieb Nicolai. 1753. 8°. Pp. [16] 268 [8]. 2 plates. Vignette of a medal. Nothing is on record of Lehmann's birth or origin. He was a doctor of medicine, a royal Prussian councillor for mines, and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and of others in- cluding the Society of Arts, London. In 1761 he went to St. Petersburg to be professor of chemistry and keeper of the Natural History Museum of the Academy there. He made various natural history journeys in Russia for the Empress Catherine II. In consequence of an accident due to the bursting of a vessel in which he was heating arsenic, he died at St. Petersburg 22 Jan. (20 Feb.), 1767, but ac- cording to the Biographie Universelle, his death was the result of a bilious fever. Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem I^eben ausgezeichneter Teutichen des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts, pp. 163- 165. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 338, &c., &c. Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teulschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp. 108-111. (Meusel remarks on the meagre informa- tion about him.) Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 300, 311, 323, 324, 331, 332, 336. 341, 343, 36o. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- He published various works : Abhandlung von Phosphoris, deren verschiedener Bereitung, Nutzen und andere dabey vorkom- mende Anmerkungen, Dresden und Leipzig, J749. 4°- Abhandlung von den Metall-Muttern und der Erzeugung der Metalle . . . mit chymischen Ver- suchen erwiesen, Berlin, 1752, 8°. Probier-Kunst, Berlin, 1775, 8°. Cadmiologia. Konigsberg und Leipzig, a Th. 1761-66, — besides treatises on mineralogy, on alum boiling, kao-lin, on forests, charcoal-burning, and papers in the transactions of the Academies of Berlin, St. Petersburg, Haarlem, London, etc. mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1607. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v. p. 566. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ; 1869, ii. p. 367. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847. iv. pp. 78, 81, 154. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col. 456- Biographie Universelle, no date, xxiii. p. 651. Poggendorff, Riographisch-literarischts Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1409. See RESPUR (P. M. VON), Besondere Versuche, 1772. LEHR-JUNGER der Natur. See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752. LEHR-SATZE von der Preparation des Steins der Weisen. See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. viii. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 1779, >»• P- 216. LEHR-SATZE vor die Schiiler der Weifsheit. See MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE), Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel hervorbrechenden Morgen-Rothe, 1767. LEHR-SATZE ... von der Weisheit und Chymie . . . See SCHWART2FUSS (Anonymus von), 1706. 20 LEITER—LEMERY LEITER der Philosopher urn. See SCALA Philosophorum. LEITUNGS-FADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen und Alchymischen Labyrinth, um sicher darinnen zugehen, durch das Licht der Erfahrung, alle Hand- Arbeiten und Griffe die in dieser Kunst erfordert werden, mit neuen schonen Erfindungen, und einigen sehr niitzlichen Geheimnlissen versehen, auch alle definitiones begreiffende. Allen hohen Potentaten, grossen Herren, Rittern und Edlen, Hochgelehrten Doctoren, wie auch andern wiirdigen Liebhabern der Hermetischen Kunst, zu sonderbahrem Nutzen, und um die Verschwendung der Zeit, und vieler Tausenden in Sudlereyen zuverhiiten zur Neuen Jahres- Gabe dem offentlichen Druck iibergeben, durch den aller hier beschriebenen Arbeiten, durch zwantzig Jahrige Erfahrung practicirten und gereiseten Pilgram. Braunschweig, Verlegts Caspar Grubers, 1691. 8°. No pagination. Sigs. A-D in eights, E3 [=pp. 70]. The book contains a short system of assaying is no mystery in this tract. It was reprinted in and testing of ores and such like bodies, and gives Schroder's Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir . . . an account of the processes and substances. There Chemie, 1776, II. ii. pp. 1-74. LE MAITRE (ALEXANDRE CHRISTIAN). Der Astralische Geist oder der Balsam defs Lebens, bewiesen in der Mag- netischen Balsamischen Krafft defs Antimonialischen gereinigten Vitriols, durch die Beyspiele der gantzen wiirckenden Natur, von den wunderbahren Proben defs Sympatischen Pulvers, vnd dessen auffrichtigen Bereitung. An Tag geben durch Alexandrum Christianum le Maitre, G. G. Q. v. O. I. Getruckt in Verlegung defs Authoris im Jahr 1684. 12°. Pp. [12] 174 (but should be 168). Title fed and black. LEMERY (NICOLAS). Cours de Chymie, oder : Der vollkommene Chymist, welcher die in der Medicin gebrauchlichen Chymischen Processe auf die leichteste und heil- samste Art machen lernt, und mit den scharffsinnigsten Anmerckungen und Urtheilen liber jeden Procefs die Liebhaber dieser Wissenschafft weiter anfuhret : Wie er von Herrn Niclas Lemery, der Medicin hochberiihmten Doctorn, und Koniglichen Frantzosischen Hof-Apotheckern zu Paris, heraus- gegeben, und aus der neuesten Frantzosischen Edition ins Teutsche iibersetzet und bey jetziger vierten Auflage aufs neue und correcteste revidiret. Drefsden und Leipzig, verlegts Raphael Christian Sauerefsig, 1734. 8°. Pp. [56] 652 ; 390 [42, 2 blank]. Title red and black. 6 plates of apparatus. Wants a plate, i. pp. 84-5. Nicolai Lemeri, weyland Medicinae Doctoris und Konigl. Frantzosischen Hof- Apotheckers zu Paris, Cursus Chymicus, oder vollkommener Chymist, welcher die in der Medicin vorkommenden Chymischen Praeparata und Processus auf die verniinfTtigste, leichteste und sicherste Art zu verfertigen lehret. Aus dem Frantzosischen iibersezt und bey dieser fiinfften Auflage aufs neue durch- gesehen, corrigirt und mit Zusatzen vermehret, von D. Johann Christian LEMERY 21 LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued. Zimmermann. Mit Konigl. Pohl. u. Churfurstl. Sachfs. allergnadigsten Privilegio. Dresden, 1754. Im Verlag der Waltherischen Buchhandlung 8°. Pp. [10, including frontispiece] 978. Register [46] 46. Frontispiece (portrait of Lemery), 6 plates of apparatus, i folding plate of symbols. New Curiosities in Art and Nature : Or, a Collection of the most Valuable Secrets in all Arts and Sciences; as Appears by the Contents. Composed and Experimented by the Sieur Lemery, Apothecary to the French King. Translated into English from the Seventh Edition. Printed this last Year in French, in which is near one half more than any former Edition. Illustrated with Cuts. To which is added a Supplement by the Translator. London : Printed for John King, at the Bible and Crown in Little Britain ; and Sold by J. Morphew, near Stationers-Hall. 1711. 8°. Pp. [16] 354. Index [14]. Frontispiece and 8 plates. Nicolai Lemery Neue Curieuse Chymische Geheimniifse des Antimonii, durch mancherley Experimenta eroffnet, und aus denen neuesten Principiis Physicis kliirlich erwiesen, aus dem Frantzosischen ins Teutsche iibersetzt von Johann Andreas Mahlern, Med. Doct. Dresden, bey Joh. Jacob Wincklern, 1709. 8°. Pp. [32] 560 [14]. Title red and black. [Another Copy.] Pharmacopee Universelle, contenant toutes les Compositions de Pharmacie qui sont en usage dans la Medecine, tant en France que par toute 1'Europe ; leurs Vertus, leurs Doses, les manieres d'operer les plus simples & les meilleurs. Avec un Lexicon Pharmaceutique. Plusieurs Remarques Nouvelles, et des Raisonnemens sur chaque Operation. Par Nicolas Lemery, de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, Docteur en Medecine. Seconde Edition. Revue, corrigee & augmente'e. A Paris, Chez Laurent D'Houry, Imprimeur- Libraire, rue de la Harpe, vis-a-vis la rue S. Severin, au Saint-Esprit. M.DCCXV. Avec Approbations et Privilege du Roy. 4°. Pp. [20] 1092, with an extra leaf: * 956-7 ; table [42]. Title red and black. Dictionaire ou Traite Universel des Drogues Simples. Oil Ton trouve leurs differens noms, leur origine, leur choix, les principes qu'elles renferment, leurs qualitez, leur etymologic, & tout ce qu'il y a de particulier dans les Animaux, dans les Vegetaux, & dans les Mineraux. Ouvrage dependant de la Pharma- copee Universelle. Par Nicolas Lemery, de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, Docteur en Medecine. Quatrie'me Edition. Revile, corrige'e, & beaucoup augmente'e par 1'Auteur, Avec des Figures en Taille douce. A Rotterdam, Chez Jean Hofhout. M DCC XXVII. 4°. Pp. [20] 590 [58]. Title red and black, xxv. plates. Mantissa Chimica Spagirica. See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galeno-Chymicus, 1698. 22 LEMER Y—LEMNIVS LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued. Lemery was born at Rouen, 17 Nov., 1645 (others 1644). He was trained by an apothecary, but wishing to extend his knowledge he went to Paris and attended the demonstrations of Glaser. As he did not learn with him he departed, and his dissatisfaction has been the origin of the unfavour- able estimate formed of Glaser by Fontenelle and often repeated since, without a question as to its accuracy (see GLASER). Lemery travelled for six years, and on his return to Paris began as an apothecary, but also gave lectures in the laboratory of a friend, Martin, apothecary of the Prince of Cond6. Afterwards he gave courses in a laboratory of his own, and they were thronged by persons attracted and interested by the clearness of his explanations and the cleverness of his experiments. In 1681 (1683?), on account of his religious opinions, he went to England, but, as affairs did not turn out as he expected, he returned to France and graduated in medicine at Caen, in 1683. The Re- vocation of the Edict of Nantes deprived him of the right to practise medicine, so he joined the Romish church in 1686, and resumed his courses. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 836. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. XI. vi. * * ). Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- torum in re medico, physica & chymica, 1696, p. 188 (de remedio cpntra colicam nephriticam). Fontenelle, ' Eloge,' Histoire de I' Acaddmie royale des Sciences, annee 1715 ; Paris, 1718, pp. 73-82. Niceron, Mdmoires, 1728, iv. pp. 212-220 ; 1731, x. pt. 2, p. 142. Manget, Bibliotheca Scrip/or um Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 66-67. Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, Jena, 1731, pp. 700, 701, 801 (life), 802, 803. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, p. 90. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-L^xicon, Jena, 1740, p. 468. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 6, 7, 202, 334, 335, 336, 337- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrtett-I^exicon, Leipzig, 1750, ii. col. 2357 ; and Rotermund's Fortsetzting und Erganzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1561. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 1755, ii. p. 114; 1778, iii. p. 47. Gottingische Gekhrte Anzeigen, 1755, Bd. i. p. 430 (review of the fifth edition of his chemistry). MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1759, VI. ii. p. 228. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 809. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 129- 131 ; 228, 242, 251, 431. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 57. Reuss, Reperlorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 3, 91, 141, 143. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemise/ten Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 179, 211, 221, 222, 223. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xx. p. 160. In 1699 ne was made associate of the Academy in chemistry, and succeeded Bourdelin as pensioner. He died of apoplexy, 19 June, 1715, and was succeeded in the Academy by his son, Louis. The Cours de Chimie was first published at Paris in 1675, 7th edition, Paris, 1688, small 8°; 8th edition, Paris, 1696, 8°, with a portrait of the author ; loth edition, Paris, 1712, and the last Paris, 1756, 4°, edited by Th. Baron d'Henou- ville. It was translated into Latin, German, English, and Spanish. His Nouvel Recueil de Secrets et Curiosity's les plus rares was published at Amsterdam, 1709, 2 vols. , 8°. Pharmacopte Universelle, Paris, 1697 and 1706, 4°- Trail^ . . . des drogues simples, Paris, 1698 (?) ; 2d ed. 1714 (?); another edition, 1759. He was the author of papers on camphor, honey, &c., in the Paris Memoirs. A very full list of his works is given by QueYard and Haag. His son, Louis Lemery, was demonstrator of chemistry in the Jardin du Roi. Biographie Universelle, Paris, 1819, xxiv. p. 47; Paris, n.d. xxiv. p. 83. Rees, The Cyciopeedia, 1819, xx. sub voce. Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v- P- 572. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. p. 291. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 235- Que"rard, La France litttraire, Paris, 1833, v. p. 141. Cap, Eloge, couronne'e par 1 Acade'mie de Rouen, 1838 ; reprinted in Cap's Etudes Biographiques, 1857, Premiere Se>ie, pp. 180-226. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 293- 300 ; 1869, ii. pp. 284-290. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 183-185, &c., &c. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. p. 8. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855. PP- S°5. 864. Haag, La France Protestante, 1856, vi. pp. 538- 544 (notice with good lists). Lebreton, Biographie Normande, Rouen, 1857- 61, ii. p. 497. Edouard Frere, Manuel du Bibliographe Nor- matid, Rouen, 1858-60, ii. p. 204. Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographie Gdndrale, Paris, 1862, xxx. col. 593. Poggendorff, Biographisch-liferarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1417. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- cales, 1869, 2eme SeYie, ii. p. 147. Kopp, Beitrdge, 1875, "'• P- J86. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 665 (article by Pagel). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 56. LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Levini Lemnii Medici Zirizsei, De Habitu et Constitutione Corporis, quam Grseci Kpaariv, Triuiales Complexionem vocant, Libri II. ; Omnibus quibus secunda valetudo cura est, apprime necessarii : ex quibus cuiq; procliue erit LEMNIUS 13 LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued. corporis sui conditionem, animique motus, ac totius conseruandre sanitatis rationem ad amussim cognoscere. Nunc vero ab innumeris mendis, quibus passim scatebant, vindicati, formaq; commodiore in lucem editi. Cum Indice rerum & verborum copiosissimo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni, sumtibus lonae Rhodii. M.DC.IV. 8°. Pp. [16] 185. Index [9). This accompanies the 1611 reprint of the De stone of Complexions . . . now Englished by T. N., Miraculis. There is an Italian version : Delia London, 1633, small 4°, pp. [8] 248 [10, 2 blank]. complessione del corpo humano libri due, Venetia, The translator's name is Thomas Newton. 1564, 8°, ff. [4] 124 ; and in English : The Touch- De Miraculis Occultis Naturae, Libri IIII. Item de Vita cum Animi et Corporis incolumitate recte instituenda, liber vnus. Illi quidem iam postremum emen- dati, & aliquot capitibus aucti, hie vero nunquam antehac editus : Auctore Levino Lemnio Medico Zirizaeo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni, Impensis lonoe Rhodij. M.DC.IV. 8°. Pp. [16] 582. Indices [55, 3 blank]. The Secret .Miracles of Nature : in Four Books. Learnedly and Moderately treating of Generation, and the Parts thereof; the Soul, and its Immortality; of Plants and living Creatures ; of Diseases, their Symptoms and Cures, and many other Rarities not treated of by any Author Extant ; whereof see more in the Table of the Contents. Whereunto is added one Book containing Philosophical and Prudential Rules how Man shall become Excellent in all conditions, whether high or low, and lead his Life with Health of Body and Mind. Fit for the use of those that practise Physick, and all Others that desire to search into the Hidden Secrets of Nature, for increase of Knowledg. Written by that Famous Physitian, Laevinus Lemnius. London, Printed by Jo. Streater, and are to be sold by Humphrey Moseley at the Prince's Arms in S. Paul's Church- Yard, John Sweeting at the Angel in Popes-Head Alley, John Clark at Mercers-Chappel, and George Sawbridge at the Bible on Ludgate-Hill, 1658. Folio. Pp. [16] 398. Title red and black. Similitudinum ac Parabolarum quse in Bibliis ex Herbis atque Arboribus desumuntur, dilucida explicatio : In qua narratione singula loca explanantur, quibus Prophetas, obseruata stirpium natura, conciones suas illustrant, diuina oracula fulciunt : Auctore Levino Lemnio. Seorsum accesserunt de Gemmis aliquot, iis prsesertim quarum D. loannes Apostolus in sua Apocalypsi meminit : De aliis quoque, quarum vsus hoc seui apud omnes percrebuit, Libri II, Auctore Francisco Rueo, D. medico Insulano. Item Levini Lemnii De Astrologia Lib. I. Francofurti Ex Officina Paltheniana, sumtibus viduas Petri Fischeri. M.D.XCVI. 8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 288. At p. 171 there is a separate title to Rueus' tract, but the pagination is continuous. The tract, De Astrologia, begins on p. 257, with a half-title. These tracts are printed along with certain editions of the treatise of Vallesius de Sacra Philosophic, (q.v.). LEMNIVS—LE MORT LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued. Levinus Lemnius, or Lemmens, was born at Zirickzee, 20 May, 1505, studied first theology, then medicine under Vesalius, and was a friend of Dodoens and Conrad Gesner. He graduated at Padua in 1525, became a successful practitioner in his native place, and died there (in orders, after his wife's death), i July, 1568. He did not write on alchemy or chemistry. His chief work, De Miraculis . . . Natures, in two books, was first published at Antwerp, 1559, 8°. The preface is Miraeus, Elogia Belgica sive illustrium Belgi Scriptorum . . . vitce, Antverp., 1609, p. 99 (under Fr. Ruasus). Castellanus, Vitce illustrium medicorum, 1617, p. 227. Adami, Vitce Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, p. 99. Franciscus Sweertius, Athence Belgicce, 1628, P- SOS- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, P- 335- Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii, 1643, p. 608. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 465. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 748-9. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1245. Jo. Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce Fabricianes Pars VI., 1724, pp. 269, 270, 387. Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini , Venet. , 1726, ii. p. 218, No. 99. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, iii. p. 72. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 70. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 1732, p. 90. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 157 (ii. 2. 2. n). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1738, xvii. col. 66. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, "• P- 792> Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 468. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2359 ; Rotermund's Forlsetzung und F.rgan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1568. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, I755- »• P- I2° I Z778, iii. p. SQ- dated December, 1558. It was again published in 1561, 8°, ff. [16] 164. It was enlarged to four books, and published at Antwerp, 1564, 8°. The following editions are enumerated by me in ' Notes on . . . Books of Secrets': Antwerp, 1574, 1581; Francof., 1590, 1604, 1611 ; Commelin's, s. a. ; French by Gohory, Paris, 1567, 1574 ; Orleans, 1568. There are other editions and translations into German by Jacob Horst, 1572, 1588, and Italian, 1560, 8°, ff. [16] 181 [3 blank]. Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 775-776. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 335. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 334. Les Bibliothtques Francoises de La Croix du Elaine et de Du Verdier, revue . . . par Rigoley de Juvigny, 1773, iv. (Du Verdier, T. ii.) p. 586 (Gohory's translation of 1574). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 221 (contents of 'De occultis naturaj miraculis Libri iv.'). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practical, 1777, ii. p. 136. Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1780, iii. pp. 304, 638. Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheidekunst, 1788, i. p. 286. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 351- 352- Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. i. Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, p. 404. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. p. 212. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1419. Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 315. Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin, 1881, ii. p. 141. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glas- gow, 1883, ii. pp. 187, 250 ; 1890, New Series, i. p. 216. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 666. LE MORT QAKOB). Jacobi Le Mortii, M. D. P. E. C. Chymise Verse Nobilitas & Utilitas, in Physica Corpusculari, Theoria Medica ejusque Materia et Signis, ad majorem per- fectionem deducendis. Comprehendens opera ejus omnia, hucusque typis comrnissa. Quibus seorsim excusa Collectanea, Maetsiana & Marcgraviana, Bibliopolae subjunxerunt Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Fredericum Haaring, Cornelium Boutesteyn, 1696. 4°. Pp. [2 blank, 10] 150 [14]; [2] 173 [18, i blank]; [2] 237 [11] 2 plates; [4] 228 [10, 2 blank]. The last tract wants pp. 113-4. Title red and black. This collection is made up of the following tracts which have separate signatures and pagination. Jacob Le Mort. Chymise verae nobilitas & utilitas. Jacob Le Mort. Pharmacia medio - physica ratione & experientia nobilitata. Lemort (or Jakob le Mort) was the son of an apothecary at Haarlem, and was born 13 Oct., 1650. He was at school at Leyden and then in Jacob Le Mort. Chymia medico-physica ratione & experientia nobilitata. Collectanea Chymica Leidensia Maetsiana & Marcgraviana, olim publice & privatim in Academia Lugduno-Batava Chymiam profitentium, ac docen- tium. the university, where at first he studied theology for three years, but then went to Amsterdam and took up the study of chemistry, intending to LE VNtYERS/TY / ' ;£O2* —LENTILIUS LE MORT QAKOB). Continued. become an apothecary. On the death of his father he returned to Leyden and studied medicine and pharmacy, worked in the laboratory of Karel Lucas de Maets, but in 1672, in consequence of some disagreement, he opened a laboratory of his osvn. Three years later, in 1675, ne started a pharmacy, where he was visited by a number of sick people for advice. He also gave instruction in chemistry, pharmacy, and theoretical and practical medicine, but this was an offence to the doctors, because he had no degree. Mercklin, l.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 487. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 71. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallictz, 1732, p. 104. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 485. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 691 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung und Ergan- zungen, 1813, iv. col. 2146. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine, 1755, ii. p. 116; 1778, iii. p. 52. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 773. Paquot, Aftfmoires pour servir a I'histoire lit- itraire des dix-scpt Provinces des Pays-Has, 1763- v. p. 136. Haller, Bibliot/ieca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763. Six days later, in 1676, lie got the degree of M.D. from Utrecht. Returning to Leyden he renewed his practice and his teaching, on 28 Dec., 1694 he received permission to give public instruction in chemistry, and in. 1702 he was created professor in the faculty. He died i April, 1718. He wrote : Compendium chymicum, Lugd. Bat., 1682, 12°; Chymia Medico-Physica, Lugd. Bat., 1684, 8°, pp. [8] 275 [25]; 1688, 8°; and other works. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, '"'• p. 428. Jon. Wilh. Te Water, Narratio de rebus Aca- demic Lugduno-BatavcB seculo octavo et decimo . . . Lugd. Bat., 1802, p. 199. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 3. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 284 ; 1869, ii. p. 275. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 116 ; 1847, iv. pp. 155, 193. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicate, 1855, yi. P- 3- Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1859, xxx. col. 631. Van der Aa, Biografhisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1869, XII. ii. p. 1064 (and references). LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS). Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique. Accompagnee d'un Catalogue raisonne des Ecrivains de cette Science. Avec le Veritable Philalethe, revu sur les Originaux. Tome Premier. A Paris, chez Coustelier, Libraire, Quay des Augustins. M.DCC.XLII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy. 12°. Tome Premier, pp. [xxiij. i blank] 486 [20]. Tome Second, pp. xxxij. 120 (Transmutations Metalliques) ; 360 ('Le Veritable Philalethe'). Tome Troisieme, pp. [22] 432. Lenglet Dufresnoy (born at Beauvais, 5 Oct., 1674) was a voluminous writer on historical sub- jects, and was possessed of a prodigious memory. He died 6 Jan., 1752 (others 1755), in consequence of the injuries he received by falling into the fire when asleep beside it. The present work consists of four parts : lives of alchemists, with a chronological table ; histories of transmutations ; a translation of Philaletha, and a bibliography of alchemical books. The biblio- graphy certainly contains more titles, but as far as the execution is concerned it shows but little advance on Borel's efforts a hundred years earlier. The author did not believe in alchemy, Michault, Memoires pour servir a I'histoire de la vie et les outrages de M. I'Abbt Lenglet du Fresnoy, Paris, 1761, 12 r. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 471. Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 178^, p. 73. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern (.hftnie, 1785, p.. 560. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 302. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1582 (gives a but he does not give any reason, historical or scientific, for not believing in it, and his criti- cism of books is simply persiflage, which he frequently repeats. One asks why he selected the subject at all. If to him alchemy was a delusion, transmutation deception, and the literature verbi- age, it was hardly necessary to write three volumes to demonstrate his unbelief. He did not seem to be aware that there was any historical significance in the origin, growth, and death, of the alchemical idea. The work published by Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, Paris, 1856, is a rehabilitation of the descriptive part of Lenglet Dufresnoy 's book. short summary of his life and a list of his works, but omits the above). Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 85 ; no date, xxiv. p. 118. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 545. QueYard, La France Litteraire, 1833, v. p. 158. Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1862, xxx. col. 661. \ji&r&ypR,Bibliothe<]ueOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 550, 631, 1737, 1742. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 7, 9, 375. LENTIL1US (Rosmus). Wolgemeintes Bedenken, uber die zu Friihlings- und Herbst-Zeiten unzeitig angestellte Praservir-Ader-lassen. Und wie solche zu bequemerer Zeit 26 LENTIL! US— LEONARD US LENTILIUS (ROSINUS). Continued. anzustellen, bey miissigen Stunden aufgesezzet von Rosino Lentilio, Academ. Leopold. Imperial. Nat. Curios. Colleg. d. Oribasio. Ulm, In Verlag Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, An. 1692. 8°. Pp. [12] 49 LI]- Not about chemistry. Rosinus Lentilius, whose name is also written Linsenbahrdt, was born at Waldenberg 3 Jan., 1657. He graduated M.D. and practised at Crails- haim in Franconia, at Nordlingen and Stuttgart. Subsequently he was appointed private physician to the Marcgrave of Baden Durlach and the Duke of Wiirtemberg, and accompanied the latter on his travels in Holland, France and Spain. On the 31 Mercklin, Lindemus renovatus, 1686, p. 949. Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora- torum in. re medico, physica &•» chymica, 1696, pp. 75-77 (from the Ephemer. Acad. Nat. Curiosorum}. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 71. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 470. Jdcher, Allgtmcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2365 ; Rotermund's Fortselzung und Ergan- zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1589. Buchner, Academies . . . Natures Curiosvnim Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 116. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 1778, iii. p. 84. July, 1683, he was elected to the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. He died at Stuttgart, 12 Feb., 1733. He wrote both on medical and physical subjects, and was the first to advise arsenic in intermittent fevers. In chemistry he wrote on hermetic phos- phorus, on the coal used in England for fires, on the difference between fermentation and efferves- cence. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 117, 139, 215, 222 (mineral waters), 351 (English drops). Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 2, 43, 104, 109, 146. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 6. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. PP- 465, 553- Phillippe und Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, l85S, P- 572- Poggendorff, Biographisch-hterarisches Hand- •worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1883, xviii. p. 262. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 60 (mineral waters). LENTIN (AUGUST GOTTFRIED LUDEWIG). See KEIR (JAMES), 1791. He was born at Dannenberg 4 Jan., 1764, took the degree of Ph. D. and acted as privat-docent at Gottingen from 1795 to 1801. In 1795 ne wrote a paper on the behaviour of metals when heated in deplogisticated air, and in 1798 the first part of his 'Taschenbuch fur Freunde der Gebirgskunde.' At this time he visited England, and wrote ' Briefe iiber die Insel Angelsea," Leipzig, 1800, 8°, and at Hannover in the same year, a translation of a work by his father, a physician at Hannover, who died Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1799, iii. p. 345 (iiber das Verkalken der Metallen). 26 Dec., 1804, ' Memorabilia circa aerem, vitae genus, sanitatem et morbos Clausthaliensium An. 1774-77.' He was appointed clerk to a saltwork at Rothenfeld, and in 1817 salt inspector at Siilbeck and Salzderhelden in the kingdom of Hannover. He also made experiments on the roasting and smelting of ores at the Rammelsberg in a large furnace. He died at Siilbeck, near Eimbeck, 18 Jan., 1823. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423. LEO. See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis. See VERBUM abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi. See also RAYMUNDUS. See also LOWE. For works in which Leo, or Lowe, or Leu, or Leeuw, or Lion, appears in the title, see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 379. LEONA CONSTANTIA. See LEADE (JANE). LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS). Speculum Lapidum Camilli Leonard!. Cui accessit Sympathia septem Metallorum ac septem selectorum Lapidum ad Planetas. D. Petri Arlensis de LEONARDVS—LEONHARD 27 LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS). Continued. Scudalupis Presbyteri Hierosolimitani. Parisiis, Apud Carolum Seuestre, & Dauidem Gilliu via jacobaea e regione Mathurinoru. Et Joannem Petitpas, via D. Joa. Lateran. in collegio Cameracensi. 1610. Cum priuilegio Regis. 8°. Sigs. a, e in eights, i in six. Pp. 499 [i blank]. Index [36]. The title is engraved and represents the portal of a Temple or Tomb, with the above engraved in the centre. De Scudalupis' tract begins p. 245. It is preceded by a blank leaf and a separate title, both included in the signatures but not in the paging. In this copy two leaves containing the portraits of the author and of the Duke de Nivernois are wanting, and the engraved title and another leaf have been pasted together. The author was an Italian physician in Pesaro at Venice in 1565 as his own : ' 6 turpe plagium ! 6 the beginning of the i6th century. He was much detestabile furtum ! 6 calamitatem deplorandam esteemed by Caesar Borgia to whom he dedicated Litterariae Republicse ' ; as Baglivi righteously this book on precious stones. The dedication is exclaims. This is noticed also by Saxius. But dated Id. Sept. , 1502. The book was printed at Baglivi is wrong about the date of the first edition. Venice in 1502 by Joan. Baptist. Sessa, in 4^, The English version was printed in London, ff.lxvi., but Van der Linden and Mercklin and 1750, 8", pp. 240; but Book III., relating to en- Rotermund say at Pesaro, an edition which I have graved stones, is omitted. not seen. Then, Venice, 1516,4°, ff.lxvi. , by Melchior Rotermund's criticism is that he has collected Sessa and I'etrus de Ravanis ; Aug. Vindel., 1533, many fables about the formation and hidden powers 4° ; Paris, 1610, 8° : Hamburg, 1717, 8°. This of precious stones. last edition contains a ' Clavis to the Sympalhia According to Vogt the present edition is mutilated by Petrus Constantinus Albinius, first printed in and worthless. I have compared this 1610 edition 1611. Baglivi says it was written in 1516, and roughly with that of 1502, and so far as I have published at Venice, and then Leonardus' book was observed it is a literal reprint, except that the table translated into Italian by Ludovico Dolci, who, of chapters has been omitted, suppressing the author's name, had the assurance The present seems to be the first publication of to put his own name on it, and published it at the tract of Petrus Arlensis (q.v.). Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 1637, p. 93. col. 2382 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 138. 1630. Baglivi, Opera Omnia Medico-practica et anatom- Christ. Saxius, Oaomasticon Literarium, 1780, ica, Ed. 6ta, 4°, Lugduni, 1704, p. 500, in his iii. p. 397 (under Ludovicus Dulcis). ' Dissertatio de Vegetatione Lapidum.' Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, pp. 594, 658. 1731, II. i. p. 73. Lessing, Kollectaneen zur Literatur, 1790, i. pp. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica, 204, 212. 1732, p. 90. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors), ii. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 5990. p. 472. Pouchet, Histoire dcs Sciences Naturelles au Vogt, Catalogus . . . Librorumrariorum, Hamb. , Moyen Age^ 1853, p. 519. 1747. P. 54- LEONHARD VON ALTENBURG. Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum, das ist: Kurtze und einfaltige Erklahrung des Lapidis Benedicti, worinnen die Hieroglyphica Nomina Philosophorum obscura, welche die Philosophi senigmatisch beschrieben, klar und deutlich gemachet, durch einen der wahren Philosophic Liebhabern entdecket und erklaret, der in der Wahrheit Genuine Feuer-Arbeit Liebet, und da es wohl heissen mag : Aut hie, aut nusquam. Ober- und Nieder-VVasserberg, gedruckt durch Mercurium Schwefelmann. 1769. 8°. Pp. [16, including the emblematical frontispiece] 94. Register [xoj. An edition, probably the first, with the same The author is Leonhard von Altenburg, accord- imprint appeared in 1747 (Ladrague, Bibliotheque ing to the Hermetisches A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122. Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 1463 ; Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 352). Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122. 28 LEONHARDI— LESSER LEONHARDI (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). See BAYEN (PIERRE), Chymische Untersuchungen iiber das Zinn, 1784. Leonhardi was born at Leipzig, 18 June, 1746. He studied there, graduated in philosophy, and in 1771 in medicine. As a privat-docent he read lectures on medicine and chemistry, and in 1781 was extraordinary professor of medicine at Leipzic, and iu 1782 ordinary professor of medicine at Wittenberg. He performed the duties of this office till 1791 when he was summoned to Dresden to be physician and Hofrath to the Elector. He retained his professorship for which he provided a deputy. He died at Dresden, n Jan., 1823. He wrote numerous dissertations on chemical, physical and physiological topics ; translated Mac- quer's Chemical Dictionary, 6 vols. , 1781-1783; second edition, enlarged, 7 vols., 1788-1791; the additions were printed separately in 1792. He translated also Scheele's Treatise on Air and Fire, 1782, 8° ; Schwedisches Apothekerbuch, Leipzig, 1782, and published other works. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 10. L. F. F. Fleming, De Vita et Meritis deati Joh. Gottfr. Leonhardi, Dresden, 1823, 8°. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historiqiie de la Mlde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 431. Kopp, Geschichle der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 82, 97- 3i°- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 708. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aersfe aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 674 (article by Pagel). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 655, 688. Weis, Das Gelehrte Sachsen, Leipzig, 1780. Klabe, Neuestes Gelehrtes Dresden, Leipzig, 1796. Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller , 1797, iv. p. 417. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 688 note f ; 1799, iii. pp. 318, 615, 722, 797 note d, 800, 802, 820, 851, 903. Reuss, Repertorium Coinmentationum, 1803, iii. (C 'hernia et Res Metallica), p. 174. LE PELLETIER JEAN). La Pyrotecnie de Starkey, 1706. See STARKEY (GEORGE). LESSER (FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN). Friedrich Christian Lefsers, der Kirchen zu S. Jacob und Martin in der Kayserl. freyen Reichs-Stadt Nordhausen Pastoris des Minister! i daselbst, der Kayserl. Academic der Naturforscher, der Konigl. Preufs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, und der Konigl. Grosbrittannis. teutschen Gesellschaft zu Gottingen Mitgliedes, Lithotheologie, das ist : Natiirliche Historic und Geistliche Betrachtung derer Steine, also abgefafst, dafs daraus die Allmacht, Weifsheit, Giite und Gerechtigkeit des grossen Schopffers gezeuget wird, Anbey viel Spriiche der Heiligen Schrifft erklahret, und die Menschen allesamt zur Bewunderung, Lobe und Dienste des grossen Gottes ermuntert werden. Neu-verbesserte Auflage. Hamburg, bey Christian Wilhelm Brandt. 1751. 8°. Pp. xlviii. 1488. Register [64]. 3 folding tables. 10 engraved plates, one of which is of the Prague medal. Wo< Lesser was born at Nordhausen, 29 May, 1692, acted as tutor in Berlin, pastor of the church ' nd montem Marias Virginis ' and administrator of the Orphanage at Nordhausen, and died there 17 Sept., 1754. He was devoted to natural history, and besides the present work (ist ed. Hamburg, 1736) he wrote others of a similar character on the [64]. 3 folding Voodcut. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliolhecce vietallicce, 1732, p. 91. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Historia, Halae, 1755, p. 503, No. 452. Joh. Philip Friedr. Lesser, Nachricht von dem Leben und Schrifften Herrn Friedrich Christian Lesser, Nordhausen, 1755, 4°, pp. 64. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 368. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 280. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. p. 172. sun, insects, and one called Testaceotheologie. He wrote a description of a visit he paid that remarkable place at Rubeland, in the Harz : Bau- maiin's Huhle, Nordhausen, 1734, 4th ed. 1745. He was a member of the Leopoldine Academy, and the Berlin Academy. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1683 (and refer- ences). Biographie Universe lie, 1819, .xxiv. p. 301 ; no date, xxiv. p. 317. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 23. Nouvelle Biographie Giln^rale, 1862, xxx. col. 966. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1436. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 236 ; ii. p. 196. LETTER-LEUTMANN 29 LETTER. A strange Letter concerning an adept. See FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick. LETTER (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes, containing six principal Keys of the Secret Philosophy. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * .] See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116. LETTRE aux Vrais disciples d'Hermes contenant six principales Clefs de la Philosophic Secrete. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * , i.e. Sanctus Desiderius, or Limojon de Saint Disdier (y.v.)]. See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, 1699, p. 121. LETTRE d'un Philosophe sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre. See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), l688. LETTRE Philosophique. See PHILOVITA. LETZTES Testament eines Vaters seinem liebsten Sohne hinterlassen. See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705, Alipuli : Centrum Natures Concentralum, p. 68. LEURSEN (JOHANN GERHARD). Chymischen Schauplatzes Vortrab, das ist : Griindliche Anleitung zu der waren Chymie, worinnen begriffen der Animalien, Vegetabilien, Mineralien und Metallen Ursprung und Kraffte, Wachfsthumb und Verwandlung, aus selbst eigner Erfahrung mit unumbstofslichen Griinden bewiesen und erklaret, durch Johann Gerhard Leursen. Sap. c. 12. v. r. Und dein unverganglicher Geist ist in Allen. Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Jacob Gottfried Seyler, Minden, druckts Johann Piler, M.DC.LXXXI. 4°. Pp. 39 [i blank], Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes an edition: Franckfurt, 1708, 8°, which is copied by Gmelin. Neither of them takes any notice of an earlier edition. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. 321. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203. [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] LEUTMANN (JOHANN GEORG). Vulcanus Famulans oder sonderbahre Feuer-Nutzung welche durch gute Ein- richtung der Stuben-Ofen Gamine Brau- und Saltz-Pfannen Schmeltz Destillier Treib- und anderer Ofen LE UTMANN—LE WIS LEUTMANN QOHANN GEORG). Continued. kan erlanget, und auf solche Art mit wenigem Holtze starcke Warme und grosse Hitze gemachet auch das Rauchen in Stuben verhindert werden. Andere Edition iiber die Helffte vermehret und mit raren Experiments erklaret von M. Joh. Georg Leutmann, P. D. Wittenberg Bey Gottfried Zimmermann. 1723. 8°. Pp. [title, 2 blank, 5, i blank] 154, [4] ; title red and black. Table at p. 35, 38 plates, two being numbered 30, and plates lettered A — R. Wants the frontispiece? Other editions mentioned are : Wittenberg, 1735, 8° ; fifth edition, Wittenberg & Zerbst, 1764, 8°. Leutmann was born at Wittenberg, 30 Nov., 1667, studied theology there, but was also devoted to mathematics and mechanical science. In 1694 he was pastor at Dabrun, but in 1725 was made professor of mechanics and optics in the new Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, and in 1733 went to Moscow in connection with the mint. He was distinguished by his mechanical and optical inventions ; the polishing of glass, an Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrf en-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2412 ; Rotermund, Fortsetsung, iSio, iii. col. 1732. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chtmie, 1798, ii. pp. 449, 579- assay-balance without a tongue, clocks, fire- engines, and pumps ( ' three necessities of a town,' as he called them), instruments for investigating the air, for taking specific gravities, thermometers, etc., etc. His books were published at Wittenberg, Halle, Danzig, and his papers appeared in the Commentationes of the St. Petersburg Academy. He died in 1736. Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1802, iii. p. 354 ; 1804, v. p. 16 ; 1805, vi. p. 910. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 236, 357. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ; 1869, ii. p. 367. LEWENHEIMB (JACOBUS SACHSIUS A). See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB). LEWIS. Experiences Physiques et Chymiques, sur plusieurs Matieres relatives au Commerce & aux Arts : Ouvrage traduit de 1'Anglois de M. Lewis, de la Societe Royale de Londres; Par M. De Puisieux. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Desaint, Libraire, rue du Foin-Saint-Jacques. M.DCC.LXVIII. Avec Approbation, & Privilege du Roi. 12°. Tome Premier, pp. xl. 400. 4 plates. Tome Second, pp. viij. 392. M.DCC.LXIX., Tome Troisieme, pp. xij. 410 [2]. Engraved plate. William Lewis was born in London in 1714, went to Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1737 and M.D. in 1745. He went into practice in 1745, first in London, afterwards at King- ston-on-Thames, and in 1745 was a^so elected to the Royal Society. He published a course of Prac- tical Chemistry, London, 1746, 8°; An experimental History of the Materia Medica, 1761 ; in German by Ziegler, 1771 ; in French, 1775 ; The New Dis- pensatory, London, 1753, Edinburgh, 1781 ; in German, 1768, again 1783-86, and 1797 ; Pharma- copoeia Edinburgensis, London, 1748 ; History of Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1772, ii. p. 426. Jerem. David Reuss, Das Gelehrte England . . . vom Jahr 1770 bis 1790, 1791, p. 241 (death 19 Jan. 1781). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 381, 382. 399, 401 note, 5S8. 696 ; 1799. »>• PP- 20, 35. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 284, 314, 344, 356. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1737. Gold, and in German by Ziegler, 1764, 8°; Com- mercium Philosophico-Technicum, 1763-66, 4 parts, 4° ; in German by Ziegler, Zurich, 1764, 8vo. There seems to be another translation by Joh. Geo. Kriinitz, Berlin, 1764, 8vo, 2 parts, and in French, 1768. He translated Caspar Neuman's chemical works in 1759, and published two papers on platinum in the Philosophical Transactions for 1754 and 1757. He was one of the founders of the Society for the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. He died 21 Jan., 1781, but others say 19 Jan. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, App. iv., p. xliv., 31 Oct., 1745. Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, 1815, ix. p. 764. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, ii. (authors), 604^. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 458. QueYard, La France httt'raire, 1833, v. p. 285. The Georgian Era, 1834,- iii. p. 484. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 451. LE WIS—LIBA VI US 3 1 LEWIS. Continued. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 368 ; den Aerste aller Zeiten utid Vblkcr, 1886, iii. p. 1869, ii. p. 361. 697. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 71, Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 1888 (Late Series), 223. vols. iii. and iv. p. 849. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischcs Hand- Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiii. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1443. p. 199 (article by W. A. J. Archbold). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- LEYTER (Die) der Philosophorum. See SCALA Philosophorum. LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). D. O. M. A. Alchemia. Andreae Libavii Med. D. Poet. Physici Rotemburg. opera e dispersis passim optimorum autorum, veterum & recentium exemplis potissimum, turn etiam prseceptis quibusdam operose collecta, adhibitisq; ratione & experientia, quanta potuit esse, methodo accurata explicata, & in integrum corpus redacta. Accesserunt tractatus nonnulli Physici Chymici, item methodice ab eodem autore explicati, quorum titulos versa pagella exhibet. Sunt etiam in Chymicis eiusdem D. Libavii epistolis, iam ante impressis, multa, huic operi lucem allatura. Cum gratia & Priuilegio Csesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti Excudebat lohannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffij, M.D.XCVII. 4°. Pp. [18] 424. Index [19]. Device and Colophon [i] 2 blank. D. O. M. A. Alchymia Andreae Libavii, recognita, emendata, et aucta, turn dogmatibus & experiments nonnullis; turn Commentario Medico Physico Chymico : qui exornatus est variis Instrumentorum Chymicorum picturis ; partim aliunde translatis, partim plane nouis : In gratiam eoruin, qui Arcanorum Naturalium cupidi, ea absq; inuolucris elementarium & aenigmati- carum sordium, intueri gaudent. Praemissa Defensione Artis: opposita censurae Parisianae : Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Caesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti, Excudebat Joannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffii. Anno ClD.lD.VI. Folio. Pp. [20] 196. Index [12]. F.ngraved border to the title. D. O. M. A. Commentariorum Alchymioe Andreae Libavii Med. D. Pars Prima, Sex Libris declarata : Continens explicationeni operationum chymicarum priore artis libro comprehensarum, adiectis fornacum et aliorum vasorum figuris, partim ex im- pressis antehac autoribus, partim aliunde acceptis, & ex latibulis officinarum productis. Pnemissa est Defensio Alchemia; et refutatio obiectionum ex Censura scholae Parisiensis, quae licet videri nolit hanc Alchemiam, sed Quercetani damnasse, nimis tamen frigide de arte sentit, eaq; proponit, qu?e in ludibrium & ignominiam artis simpliciter possunt conuerti, nee sonant aliter : Pag. 15. Antiturq. Alchymite h!c caussa agitur von Quercitani Cum gratia & priuilegio Cresarco speciali ad decennium. Francofurti. ad Moenum Excudebat Joannes Saurius impensis Petri Kopffij. Folio. Pp. [10] 402. Numerous woodcuts of apparatus. . . . Pars Secunda, continens tractatus quosdam singulares ad illustrationem eoruin potissimum, quae libro Alchemiae secundo habentur difficiliora laboriosioraq'; quasq"; plurium simul artium adminiculo indigent, & veluti ex multis constituta, peculiarium scientiarum dignitatem & nomen merentur. Cum Gratia et Privilegio Speciali. Francofurti. Typis loannis Sanrii, Impensis Petn Kopffii. Anno M.DC.Y1. Folio. Pp. 192. Index [10, 2 blank]. LIB A VIUS LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued. D. O. M. A. Alchymistische Practic : Das ist, von kiinstlicher Zubereytung der vornembsten Chymischen Medicinen : In zweyen Tractatlein klarlich entdecket : Deren das Erste, von destillirten Wassern, Ohlen, Saltzen, Extracten, quintis essentiis, aquis vitae, floribus, balsamis, &c. Aufs den vegetabilibus animalibus vnd mineralibus : zu allerley Innerlichen vnd Eusserlichen Artzneyen recht vnd griindtlich zubereyten : von einem vnbekandten Artisten, aufs eigner Erfahrung, bester form, auffs fleissigst vnd trewlichst beschrieben : Das Ander, vom Lapide Philosophorum : Wie derselbe kiinstlich soil gemacht warden : ohn figiirliche vnd Parabolische reden, eigentlich vnnd deutlich also gelehret, dafs dergleichen zuvor wissentlich niemals im Truck gesehen worden. Alle beyde, nach vermogen, vnd verleihung Gottlicher Gnadt, corrigiert, vnnd erklaret, durch Andream Libavium von Hall in Sachsen, Medicum vnd Statt Physicum zu Rotenburg auff der Tauber. Mit Romischer Kayserlicher Mayest. Priuilegien auff sechs Jahr nicht nachzu- trucken begnadet. Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey Johann Saurn, In verlegung Petri Kopffen. M.DC.III. 4°. Pp. 293 [3]. Title red and black. Woodcuts in the text. D. O. M. A. Commentationum Metallicarum Libri Quatuor de Natura Metallorum, Mercuric Philosophorum, Azotho, et Lapide seu tinctura physi- corum conficienda. e Rerum Natura, Experientia, et Autorum praestantium fide Studio & labore Andreae Libavii M. D. P. et Physici Rotemburgici deprompti & expositi, more veteris philosophise cum perspicuitate euidente. Francofurti ad Moenum, In Officina Typographica lohannis Saurij, impensis Petri Kopffij. Anno M.D.XCVII. 4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 392. [Another Copy.] D. O. M. A. Exercitationis Casimirianae Loco Trium Qusestionum Scitu Jucundarum Explicatio. I. De medicamine Tyriorum, quo a Diodoro Siculo scribuntur in murum intortos ab Alexandro M. lapides mollivisse ne nocerent. II. De auro in homine nato ex historia pueri cujusdam Silesij ante annos 21 : certantibus inter se Martino Rulando, & Joh. Ingolstetero, ante sexennium denuo argumentis propugnante Osvvaldo Crollio, Medicis Chimicis. III. De ventriculorum lapides, arenas, ossa, aurum, argentum, & alia con- coquentium virtute ex historijs miris. De quibus inter Gymnasij Studiosos Disputatio publica erit 16. lanuarii Anno currente 1615. Coburgi Praeside Andrea Libavio M.D.P.L. Gymnasij Directore & Prof. Pub. Respondente Primislao Altersbergero Pragensi Philosophiae Bacc. & Studioso in Casimiriano publ. Ibidemq; ex Officina Typographica Casparis Bertschij. Anno 1615. 4°. Pp. [20]. Rerum Chymicarum Epistolica Forma ad Philosophos et Medicos quosdam in Germania excellentes descriptarum Liber primus, in quo turn rerum LIB A VIUS 33 LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued. quarundam naturalium continentur explicationes ingeniosae ; turn Chymiae disciplina pyronomica, sceuastica & vocabularia cum quibusdam inter arcana habitis declarantur fideliter. Autore Andrea Libavio Med. D. Poeta & Physico Rotemburgo tuberano OVK avev 6cov KOL <f>vare<as. Ecce vestibulum Chymiae. 1595- Cum Priuilegio Cses. Maiest. special ad decennium. Francofurti, Excudebat Joannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffij. 8°. Pp. [32] 300 [i emblem, 3 blank]. . . . Liber Secundus, continens operationes Chymicas artificum praeceptis, naturae documentis & experientia declaratas, additis de physicis quibusdam & aurificio pro- blematis iucundis : ad docendum discendumque facilime chymiam vtiliter comparatus studio & opera Andreae Libavii . . . Claues porrigo : Cape & vtere. . . . Pp. [30, 2 blank] 615 [i blank]. D. O. M. A. Syntagmatis selectorum vndiquaque et perspicue traditorum Alchymiae Arcanorum, Tomus Primus. In quern congesta sunt Commentaria Chymiae hactenus desiderata : Insertis passim Scholijs, & commentationibus ipsis, ad penitissima huius Philosophiae & Medicinae ducentibus. Conscriptus et in IIX. Libros digestus. Studio Andreae Libavii Med. D.P.C. & illustris Gymn. Casimiriani apud Coburgenses Directoris, & Professoris publici. Cum gratia & priuilegio Caesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti Excudebat Nicolaus Hoffmannus, Jmpensis Petri Kopffii. Anno M.D.CXV. Folio. Pp. [n, i blank] 480. Index [7, i blank]. Engraved border to the title. Woodcuts in the text. . . . Tomus Secundus. In quem congesta sunt partim noua, eaq; penitiora Spagyrorum secreta, partim prioris tomi nonnulla explicatius tradita, & inter ea etiam aenigmatica Quercetani, aliorumque Hermeticorum non pauca studiose inuestigata, declarata & iudicata, ab Andrea Libavio . . . Cum Indice copioso duplici, Chymico & Medico. . . . Francofurti, . . . Anno M.D.CXIII. Folio. Pp. [12, 1-8] 9-453. Index [14, i blank]. Border to the title. Separate leaf with woodcut, p. 307. Woodcuts in the text. D. O. M. A. Appendix necessaria Syntagmatis Arcanorum Chymicorum Andreae Libavii, M.D.P.C. Halli-Saxonis Illustris Gymnasii Apud Coburgenses Directoris, Professoris Publ. et Medici Chymici-practici. In qua praeter Arcanorum nonnullorum expositionem £ illustrationem, quorundam item Medicorum Hermeticorum, & mysti- corum descriptionem, continentur defensiones gemmae, Primum eorum quae ab Henningo Scheunemano, & iuniore Gramano sunt impugnata, Postea quae in transmu- tatoria metallorum a Nicolao Guiberto, Lotharingo, M.D. quibus fieri potuit viribus, sunt attentata. Accesserunt I. ludicium breue de Dea Hippocratis, seu Ilygeia argentea (argentipara) Henningi Scheunemani, quam nuper excogitauit ex commentariis nostris valde fugitiuam, deserta causa fixorum istorum quae volaticis Galenicis opposuit infeliciter ; II. Schema medicinae Hippocraticae & Hermeticae simul, cuius rudimentum doctis censendum commititur, vt ppstea elaborari ppssit ; III. Examen Philosophise magicae C'rollii ; IV. Censura Philosophiae vitalis loannis Hartmanni Marpurgici Professoris ; V. Admonitio de regulis Nouze Rotas, seu harmonicae Sphaerae Fratrum De Societate Rosere Crucis iuxta Famas editoe indicem. Omnia studio & opera Andreae Libavii, M.D. &c. M.DC.XV. Francofurti Kxcudebat Nicolaus Hoffmannus, Impensis Petri Kopffij. Folio. Pp. [12] 279 [10] [i, device and colophon] [2 blank]. D. O. M. A. Examen Philosophiae Novae, quos Veteri abrogandae opponitur : Jn quo agitur de modo discendi nouo : De veterum autoritate : De Magia Paracelsi ex Crollio : De Philosophia viuente ex Seuerino per Johannem Hartmannum : De Philosophia harmonica magica Fraternitatis De Rosea Cruce. II. C 34 LIB A VIUS—LIBELLUS LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued. Operi & studio Andreoe Libavii Philos. et Med. D. P.C. Halli-Saxonis, illustris Gymnasii Casimiriani apud Coburg: Directoris & Professoris public!. Impressum Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus Petri Kopffij. M.DC.XV. Folio. Pp. 306 [12]. D. O. M. A. Analysis Confessionis Fraternitatis De Rosea Cruce pro admonitione et instructione eorum, qui, quid iudicandum sit de ista noua factione, scire cupiunt. Authore Andrea Libavio M.D.P.C. Illustris Gymnasii Casim. Apud Coburgenses Directore & Professore publico. Impressum Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus Petri Kopffii. M.DC.XV. Folio. Pp. 28 [2 blank]. See LIBER PRAXEOS ALCHIMICjE. Libavius was born at Halle in Saxony in 1540, and graduated doctor of medicine. In 1588 he became professor of history and poetry at Jena, in 1591 he was a teacher in the gymnasium and town physician at Rotenburg o/T., and on 20 March, 1607, director of the gymnasium at Coburg, where he died 25 July, 1616. Though an enthusiastic chemist and author of numerous works he was not a blind follower of Paracelsus, but of moderate and independent views, and carried on controversies both with the Paracelsists and Galenists as Amwald, Erastus, Gramannus, Guibertus, Riolanus, Scheune- mannus, and the Paris school. He was among the first to describe chemical actions in plain language, Van der Linden, De Scrip 'tis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 26. Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 135. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 47. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1334. Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. NS recto, Ann. 1616. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120. Jo. Casp. Zeumer, Vitce Professorum . . . qui in . . . Academia lenensi . . . vixerunt et adhuc •uivunt . . . Jense, 1711, Classis iv. p. 51. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 805. Stahl, Zufallige Gedancken . . . uber den Streit von dem sogenannten Sulphure, 1718, p, 13. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 76. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicin- ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 781, 782, 840. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallica, i732» P- 92. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, n. pp. 250, 403, 434, 445- Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen Historie, 1735, vi. pp. 1239, 1290. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 474- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hisloire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 382, 476 ; iii. pp. 203-208 ; 280. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon , 1750, iii. col. 2417 ; Rotermund's Forsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1756. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 1755, ii. p. 121 ; 1778, iii. p. 68. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 363. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 393. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 266. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 254. and he has the credit ascribed to him of writing the first real text-book. He attempted the analysis of mineral waters, and described several substances which he discovered. Other works by Libavius are the following : Gegenbericht von Panacea Am waldina, Franckf., 1595. 4°, PP- [20] 189 [i]. Singularium . . . Pars Prirna [Quarta], Francof. , 1599-1601, 8°. Defensio et Declaratio perspicua Alchemiae trans- mutatoriae, Vrsellis, 1604, 8°. Praxis Alchymise, Francof. , 1604, 8°. Alchymia triumphans, Francof., 1607, 8'. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i. p. 97 ; 1777, ii. p. 282. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 8. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, PP- 515. 571, 58l> 595- Christ. Ehrenf. Weigel, Einleitung zur Allge- meinen Scheidekunst, 1788, i. p. 131. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 345- 51. 353. 35.6, 361- 364. 557, 592 ; 1798, ii. p. 766. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 28. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 147. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 90-92. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 37. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. p. 550 ; iv. pp. 89, 549, 553. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 174. Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 348. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 29 '> 1869, ii. p. 26. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 112, &c. 1 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 278, 281, 289, 316; 1849, ii. p. 174. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. p. 381. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apolheker, 1855, pp. 453, &c. Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes , 1856, p. 70. J. Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoien der Universitat Jena von 1588 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, p. 172. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- •worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1449. Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 581. Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, iii. p. 145. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 19, 21, 45, 87, 99, 216, 231, 249. LIBELLUS duodecim aquarum ex libro Emanuelis. See EMANUEL. LIB ELLUS— LIGHT 35 LIBELLUS Minera philosophorum, dictus. See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349. LIBELLUS, sive restrictus theoricus, Radius ab Umbra vocatus cum brevi dialogo. See GIN.*CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 368. LIBELLUS qui Testamentum inscribitur. See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova. LIBER, cujus nomen Alze. See ALZE. LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis. See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS), 1630. See also LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, . . . LIBER de Magni Lapidis Compositione et Operatione, Authore adhuc Incerto. See LAPIS Philosophorum. LIBER Mutus Alchemiae mysteria . . . aperiens. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. ad finem. LIBER Praxeos Alchemicae cum additionibus Libavii. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 700. LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, & principiis Artis Chemicae. See also LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis. See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 517. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, Hi. p. 1 5 1. LIBER Secreti maximi totius mundanae Gloriae. See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 25. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 774. See PHILOSOPHUS CALLUS anonymus. LIBER Secretorum. See KALID. LIBER de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum explicatione. See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 369 LIBER Trium Verborum. See KALID. LIBERIUS Benedictus. See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS). Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 608. LIBORIUS AB INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS). See INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB). LIGHT. Das aus der Finsternis von sich selbst hervorbrechende Licht. See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO). LIGHT— LI EB A UT LIGHT. Continued. Licht der Weltweisen. See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 126. Called also Licht aller Philosophorum, or Luminare or Lumen Luminum. Das hellscheinende Licht in Finsterniss. See LUX in tenebris lucens. For Alchemical books referring to ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 385. Liecht (Vom) der Natur. See LUMINE (De) Naturae. See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractatlein. LIEBAUT QEAN). Quatre Livres des Secrets de Medecine, et de la Philosophic Chymique. Fails Francois par M. lean Liebaut Dijonnois, Docteur Medecin a Paris. Esquesls sont descrits plusieurs remedes singuliers pour toutes maladies tant interieures qu'exterieures du corps humain : traittees bien amplement les manieres de distiller eaux, huyles, & quinte-essences de toute sorte de matieres, preparer rantimoine & la poudre de mercure, faire les extractions, les sels artificiels, & 1'or potable. Derniere Edition. A Rouen, Chez Pierre Calles, Libraire : rue aux luifs, pres la grand' porte du Palais. M.VI.C. 8°. Pp. [8] 352. Table [6, 2 blank]. Vignette and 52 woodcuts in the text. This is a translation of the second part of 3esner's De Secretis Remediis Liber, edited by Caspar Wolfius, and printed by Froschover, in 1569. (See GESNER (CONRAD).) Various editions of the translation appeared, Lyons, 1593 ; Rouen, 1628, 1643; Paris, s.a., and Gmelin quotes one, Rouen, 1616, 8°. The book was translated into English by George Baker, under the title : The Newe Jewell of Health, London, 1576, 4°, in black letter with woodcuts. It was reissued with the title: The Practise of the new and old Phisicke, London, 1599, 4°. In the article on Baker in the Dictionary of National Biography, it is not noticed that this is the second part of Gesner's work. Liebaut wrote also Trois Livres de I'embelissemetit et orncment du corps humain, Paris, 1582, 8°, now rare ; Lyons, IS95. I2°- Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 26. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 627. Conring, In Universam artem medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, pp. 109, 123. Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, Amster- dam, 1730, iii. p. 114. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731 , II. i. p. 79. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 476. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 209. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2425 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, ii. col. 1783- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 274. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 228. Liebaut, or Lie'bault, was a native of Dijon, born in the earlier part of the sixteenth century, prac- tised medicine in Paris, and wrote some medical and other books. L' Agriculture et maison rustique de Charles Etienne et de Jean Liebaut, Paris, 1574, 4° ; en- larged, Paris, 1586, 4° ; other "editions : Rouen, 1602, 1625, 1637, 1658 ; Paris, 1640, 4° ; Italian, by Hercules Cato Ferrarius, Venet. 1581, 4° ; German, by Melchior Sebitz, Argent. 1592, fol. ; Amstelod. 1593, fol., Argent. 1607, Amst. 1622, fol. ; English, by Richard Surflet, London, 1606, 4° ; Dutch, Amster. 1588, fol. Beschreibung des edlen Krauts Nicotiana, 1643, 4°. In 1594 he signed the Act by which the University of Paris acknowledged Henry IV. to be their king. He died at Paris, 21 June, 1596. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1777, ii. p. 192. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 73. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, ii. pp. 308, 567- Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 461 ; no date, xxiv. p. 505. Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820- 25). vi. p. 44. Nouvelle Biographie Gdnirale, 1862, xxxi. col. 172. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' in the Transactions of the Archceological Society oj Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 188, 194. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, iii. p. 7. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Z.eiten nnd Volker, 1886, iii. p. 7°3- LIEBHABER 37 LIEBHABER der Cabalistisch-Gottlichen Magie. See GEDANCKEN, 1754. LIEBHABER der Chymie. See KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH), Aurese Catenae Homeri Dritter Theil, 1726. See WUNDER-DREY, 1737. See GEHEIMNISS vom dem Leben und Vermehrung aller Dinge, 1748. LIEBHABER der Chymischen Grund-Mischung. See KURZE Bericht von den Metallischen Glafsern, 1767. LIEBHABER der curieusen Wissenschaften . . . See CURIEUSE GEDANCKEN, 1702. See CURIEUSE UNTERSUCHUNG, 1703. LIEBHABER der geheimen Physik. See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773. LIEBHABER gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735. See MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele, 1744. LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kunst. See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS). LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kiinste. See RARE PHYSICALISCHE und andere Fragen. LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Philosophy. See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), 1665. LIEBHABER der Koniglichen Kunst Chymiae. See MYSTERIUM Occultae Naturae, 1657. LIEBHABER der Naturlehre. See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Chymia hydraulica, 1755. LIEBHABER natiirlicher Wahrheiten. See VERNUNFTIGE Erklarung der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760. LIEBHABER naturlicher Wissenschafft. See GEHEIME Unterredungen, 1722. LIEBHABER seines Nachstens. See SCHREIBEN an den Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie, 1770. LIEBHABER in Philadelphia. See GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS, 1776. 38 LIEBHABER— LIGNUM LIEBHABER der Philosophic. See KONIG (Der sich . . . zeigende), 1711. LIEBHABER Philosophischer Geheimnisse. See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften. See GLAUBERUS Concentratus, 1715. LIEBHABER der Philosophischen Kunsten. See K. (G. A.). LIEBHABER der reinen Wahrheit. See KONIGLICHE . . . Special-Concordenz, 1723. LIEBHABER und Schiiler der geheimen Weisheit. See THEORETISCH praktisches Handbuch der hohern Chemie, 1784. LIEBHABER des Theophrasti Paracelsi. See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS). LIEBHABER verborgener Kiinste. See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705. LIEBHABER und Verehrer der wahren Weisheit. See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein The introduction is so signed. LIEBHABER der wahren Weifsheit. See GULDENE (Die) Hoffnung, 1721. LIEBHABER der Wahrheit. See SCHMIDT (j. G.), 1706. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 289. See EROFNETES Philosophisches Vater-Herz, 1750. See UNWANDELBARE (Die) und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher, 1760. LIEBHABER der Weisheit. See ARTREMONT (H. D'), Eroffnetes Grab der Armuth, 1702. See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747. LIECHT der Natur. See LIGHT. LIGHT of Alchymy. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy. See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, 1674. LIGNUM Vitse. See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). L1LWM—LIMOJON 39 LILIUM inter Spinas. See JOHANNES de Padua. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 323. See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, P- 67. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 596. . See PHILOSOPHIA Salomonis, 1753, p. 59. Borrichius' estimate of this tract is not quite does not connect it with Grasshoff, who was favourable : Lilium inter Spinas, vere spinosum apparently the author. For the ' lily ' in connection opus est, &, ut paucis multa, tenebricosum ; but he with alchemy, see Kopp. Borrichius, Conspectus Serif torum Chemicorum, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 351. 1697, p. 25, No. xxxv. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. LILIUM de Spinis evulsum. See TECENENSIS (GUILHELMUS). According to Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378) this tract was believed by some to be due to Albertus Magnus. LILLY (WILLIAM). See BURMAN (CHARLES), The Lives of ... Elias Ashmole, . . . and . . . William Lilly, 1774. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Elias Ashmole, Esq. Published from the Original col. 2439. MS., London, 1715, London, 1822, 8°, pp. [4Ji.-v. Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 277. [6-7] 8-260, 12 portraits. (This is the same as that Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, contained in the above.) 1815, xx. p. 266. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxi. sub voce. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1462. William Lilly's History of his Life and Times Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxii. from the year 1602 to 1681. Written by himself in p. 258. the sixty-sixth year of his age, to his worthy friend, LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). Lettre d'un Philosophe, sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre. Ecrite au sujet des Instructions qu'Aristee a (sic) laissdes a son Fils, touchant le Magistere Philosophique. Le Nom de 1'Auteur est en Latin dans cet Anagramme- Dives Sicut Ardens, S. A Paris, Chez Laurent d'Houry, rue S. lacques, devant la Fontaine S. Severin, au S. Esprit. M.DC.LXXXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. 61 [i blank]. Verba Aristei Patris ad filium, p. 42, in Latin and French. La Lumiere des Mercures, Extraite de Raymond Lulle, pp. 9 [i]. L« Chemin du Ciel Chymique, Par Jacques Toll, pp. 31 [i blank]. Sendschreiben eines Adepten iiber das Geheimnis der grossen Kunst. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 95. CLIII. Aphorismes Chimiques. See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). Letter (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes. See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116. Lettre aux vrays Disciples d'Hermes. See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, p. 121 ; 1699, p. 121. Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiller Hermetis. See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 195 ; 1765, p. 195. Limojon was born about 1630 at Avignon of a of many important matters. He accompanied the noble family belonging to Dauphin^. He was count to the Congress of Nimwegen in 1678, of ecuyer of Jean-Antoine de Mesme, Count d'Avaux, which he published an account at Paris, 1680, 12° ; and he acquired his confidence and esteem to such to Holland, 1684, when the count was ambassador, an extent that he was entrusted with the execution and again when he was ambassador from Louis 40 L1MOJON— LINDERN LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). Continued. XIV. to James II. in Ireland in 1689. Limojon, esteemed at a time when chemistry was in its who was commissioned by the count to describe to infancy, has become rare ; but one need not much the French King the state of affairs in Ireland, regret it," says H. Audiffret. perished on the return journey. He was Knight of The anagram on the title of the above book, and Mount-Carmel, and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. at the end of his Letter to the true disciples of Besides the above he wrote a book on the city and Hermes, corresponds exactly with Sanctus Desi- republic of Venice, Amsterdam, Elzevir, 1680; Paris, derius. It is also put as equivalent to Dydacus 1685 ; La Haye, 1683, And La Triomphe hermttique. Senertus, but it is not exact. " This little work of 153 pages, curious and much Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, xxxi. col. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 315. 241. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 502 ; no Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences date, xxiv. p. 543 (article by Audiffret). Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1148-1154. LINDEN (DIEDERICH WESSEL). Griindliche Chemische Anmerkungen iiber Herrn D. Schiittens Physicalische Nachricht vom Ursprunge der mineralischen Wasser und den Bestand-Theilen in dem Clevischen Sauer-Brunnen-Wasser ; wie auch iiber des Herrn von Welling Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum, und was von dessen Verbesserung der Metalle zu halten sey. Diesen sind beygefugt niitzliche medicinische Nach- richten von der Kraft der Mistel gegen die Epilepsie; und von einer neuen Art den tollen Hunds-Bifs zu heilen. Verfasset, aus dem Englischen iibersetzt und erleutert von Diederich Wessel Linden. Amsterdam und Leipzig, In Verlegung Peter Mortier, 1746. 8°. Pp. [16] 260. Index [12], Title red and black. Engraved plate. The present treatise is only one of several which origin of chalybeate waters and natural hot Baths, the author wrote upon mineral waters, a subject to London, 1748, 1755 ; Medicinal Mineral Waters at which he seems to have devoted himself. He Llanrindod in Radnorshire, London, 1756 ; and wrote tracts on Shadwell Spavv, London, 1749 ; Three letters on Mining, London, 1750. Hyde Spaw at Cheltenham, 1751 ; Treatise on the LINDERN (FRANCISCUS BALTHASAR VON). Speculum Veneris oder Venus-Spiegel worinnen sich ein jeder besehen, und was fur abscheuliche Zufalle von einer unreinen Liebe sich aussern, wahr- nehmen, auch im Fall der Noth, in Ermanglung eines habilen Medici oder Chirurgi, sich selbsten Rath schafTen kan. Nebst einigen merckwiirdigen Begebenheiten und einem Unterricht einiger approbirten Specificorum durch vielfaltige Erfahrung an das Licht gestellet von Francisco Balthasare von Lindern, Medic. Doctor. & Practice. Vierte neuvermehrte Auflage. Strafsburg, Verlegts Johannes Beck, Anno M DCC LI. 8°. Pp. [8] 64 [14] 617 [31]. Title red and black. Frontispiece extra and plate of instruments. This book passed through several editions. It does not relate to chemistry. Franciscus Balthasar Linder, or von Lindern, a new edition of which appeared in 1747, under the was born at Buchsweiler in Elsass, i March, 1682, name : Hortus Alsaticus. studied medicine at Jena under Wedel, graduated He also published some medical works, and at Strasburg and practised medicine there, where Haller quotes : Unterricht von alien Gebeinen des he died 25 April, 1755. He cultivated botany and menschlichen Korpers und von der Art zu balsam- wrote a work entitled Tournefortiusalsaticus, 1728, iren und ohne Drahte ein Sceleton zu praepariren, Argent., 1710, 12°; Augspurg, 1736, 12°. Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litterariam Biographie Mitdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Anatomes, 1738, p. 465 (his work on Osteology). 25), vi. p. 53. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 223. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 189. genden Aerzte aller 7-eifen und Volker, 1886, iii. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 73. p. 716. Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 511 ; no . date, xxiv. p. 554. LINSIUS—LIVRE 41 LINSIUS (PAULUS). Occultus Aeris Cibus juxta mentem Hermeticorum quorundam expositus, & Deo T. O. M. Adjuvante in illustri Salana Permissu Amplissimae Facultatis Philosophic*, sub Prsesidio M. Pauli Linsii, Fac. Phil. Witt. Adj. Liberalioris Exercitii Gratia Examini publico submissus a Resp. Aut. Johanne Justo Biickingio, Alsfeld. Hasso. Ad diem 20. Martii. Jenae, Typis Johannis Nisi. Anno M.DC.LXXV. 4°. A in four, B in two ; or pp. [12]. Linsius wrote another dissertation, De Corallis, tomica, but, as that work was printed in 1774, it is printed at Jena this same year, 1675, 4°. Haller not obvious how the anomalous dates are to be quotes the present tract in his Bibliotheca Ana- reconciled. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 578. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 625. LINTHAUT (HENRI DE). Commentaire de Henri de Linthaut, Sieur de Mont-Lion, Docteur en Medecine : Sur le Tresor des Tresors de Christofle de Gamon, Reveu & augment^ par 1'Auteur. A Lyon, Par Claude Morillon, Imprimeur de Madame la Duchesse de Montpensier. 1610. Avec Privilege du Roy. 12°. Pp. [8] 177 [3]. Title red and black. Wormed. Borel quotes the above, and another edition in the first. I have not found any notice either of de 16°, without Linthaut's Commentary, presumably Gamon or of Linthaut. Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 101. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 209. LIVES (The) of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, with a Critical Catalogue of the Books m this Science, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Lackington, Allen & Co. 1814. 8°, in fours, pp. 384. Index [2]. Engraved plate. This copy has also inserted the title-page subsequently printed, viz. : The Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers ; with a Critical Catalogue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Printed by Macdonald and Son, Cloth Fair, for Lackington, Allen, & Co., Finsbury Square. 1815. The name of the author is nowhere given, but mentioned, but the execution of it is as bad as bad the book is ascribed to Francis Barrett, the author can be. of The Magus, as by Watt (Bibliotheca Britannica}, The book, edited by Arthur Edward Waite, was and in the Catalogues of the British Museum and reissued at London, by Redway, in 1888. The Advocates' Library. It is a poor production ; the alchemical treatises have been omitted, a number biographies are superficial and superstitious ; the of additional lives have been inserted and the others extracts from the hermetic treatises are by no have been enlarged and generally re-written on the means lucid, and the 'critical catalogue' (pp. 95- basis of the 1815 edition. The catalogue, pp. 276- 112) is about the worst and least critical compilation 306, has had a number of new titles incorporated of the kind extant. It does contain, however, with it, but it has not been revised and corrected, a great number of titles and some rare books are and the additions are drawn up pretty much in the same way as the original entries. Watt, Bibliolheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), mous and Pseudonymous Literature oj Great 77 s. Britain, 1883, ii. p. 1500 (ascribed to Francis Halkett & Laing, A Dictionary of the Anony- Barrett). LIVES (The) of ... Elias Ashmole, ... and Mr. William Lilly. 1774. See BURMAN (CHARLES). See ASHMOLE (ELIAS). See LILLY (WILLIAM). LIVRE de la Nature. See D * * * 42 LOBGESANG—LOHNEYSS LOBGESANG (Ein) von der Gottlichen Weifsheit. See HERMETISCHE (Der) Nord-Stern, 1771, p. 127. LOCQUES (NICOLAS DE). Les Rudimens de la Philosophic Naturelle touchant le Systeme du Corps Mixte. Cours Theorique, ou sont clairement expliquez les Preceptes & les Principes de la Chymie, qui ont este jusques icy cachez des anciens Philosophes. Par Nicolas de Locques, Medecin Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste. Livre Premier. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue Saint Jacques, a la ville de Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 88. Pp. [22] 184 [8]. Frontispiece. In the 8 pp. at the end are chemical characters and apparatus. Les Rudimens . . . Cours Pratique. Ou il est traite" des operations suivant la Doctrine de Paracelse ; qui n'ont pas jusqu'icy este" connues, que de fort peu de personnes : Compos6 par Nicolas de Locques, . . . Livre Second. A Paris, . . . Pp. [16] 214 [a]. Les Rudimens . . . De la Fermentation, Ou on void ce qui se passe interieurement dans les mouvemens divers des substances. Avec le Traitte' du Sang & les proposi- tions de la Chymie Resolutive. . . . Traite Second. . . . Pp. [16] 146 [2 blank]. Les Vertus Magnetiques du Sang, De son vsage interne & externe. Pour la guarison des maladies. Par Nicolas de Locques D. Medecin Spagyrique. A Paris, de I'lmprimerie de lacques le Gentil rue des Noyers. Et se vend chez 1'Autheur, rue des Mauvais-Gar9ons, a 1'Image Saint Martin. M.DC.LXIV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [16] 54 [a]. Propositions touchant la Physique Resolutive. Par Nicolas de Locques, Medecin Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste'. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques, a la ville de Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy, 8*. Pp. 39 [i blank]. Elemens Philosophiques des Arcanes et du Dissolvant General, de leurs Vertus, Proprietez, et Effets. Ou sont ponctuellement explique"es en general leurs secrettes compositions, & les experiences qui en ont este' faites ; 1'ordre & la maniere de s'en servir pour les usages de la Medecine. Par N. de Locques, D. Medecin Spargyrique (sic) du Roy. Livre sixi^me. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques a la Ville de Rome. M.DC.LXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 8°. Pp. [19, i blank] 87 for 89 [i blank]. In a brief notice ot Nicolas de Locques in the great number of positive facts, which are both Biographic Universelle, Tabaraud says that the curious and interesting. This collection is said to Rudimens is an extremely rare work in which are belong both to Nicolas de Locques, who was then to be found good observations alongside of alchemi- spagiric physician of the king, and to Lebreton, cal reveries. After the author's death a work was physician of the faculty of Paris. There is a copy in circulation which was never printed, but of of the above book in the British Museum (1034. i. 3 which a few copies exist. It consists of a series of (1-3) ), but the author is called Nicolas de Lo9ques. experiments, chiefly on zinc, and almost all from In one place Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Jean, in the alchemical point of view. There is however a another Nicolas. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophie Biographie Universellt, 1819, xxiv. p. 616 ; no Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 482 ; iii. pp. 5, 209. date, xxv. p. 15. LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). Georg Engelhard von Lohneyfs, Erbherrn in Remlingen und Neuendorff, weyland Fiirstl. Braunschweigischen geheimbten Berg-Raht und Stallmeister zu Wolffenbiittel, Griindlicher und aufsfuhrlicher Bericht von Bergwercken, wie man dieselbigen niitzlich und fruchtbarlich bauen, in gliickliches Auffneh- men bringen, und in guten Wolstand bestandig erhalten ; Insonderheit die Ertze und Metallen, als Gold, Silber, Kupffer, Zien, Bley, Wifsmuht, Spiefsglafs, LOHNE YSS—LOEN 43 LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). Continued. Stahl-Stein, Magneten und Eisen-Stein, ein jedes nach seiner rechten Natur, Art und Eigenschafft auffs niitzlichste bearbeiten, rosten, waschen, puchen, seigern, auff mancherley Weise in kleinem Feuer probiren, cimentiren, und scheiden, auch im grossen Feuer ohne Abgang schmeltzen und zu Nutze machen soil. Nebenst vielen kiinstlichen Abbildungen allerhand darzu nothigen Ofen und Werckzeuge; wie auch vortheyliche Anweisung vom Schwefel machen, Vitriol, Alaun, Salpeter und Saltzsieden. Sampt beygefiigter niitzlicher Berg-Ordnung, und Bericht von der Bergleute Verrichtung und Freyheiten. Allen denen, so Bergwercke bauen, und dabey dnteressirt sind, zu Dienst Gefallen auffs neue wiederumb an den Tag gegeben. Stockholm und Hamburg, In Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeits Buchhandlers. Gedruckt in Leipzig bey Christopff Gunthern, Im Jahr Christi 1690. Folio. Pp. [21, i blank] 343 [i blank]. Engraved title extra and n plates. Sheets K and L are numbered partly by pages partly by leaves. Sheet Ss by leaves. This work deals with mining, metallurgy and assaying, and reminds one of Lazarus Ercker's book. It was published also at Zellerfeld, 1717, fol. In the 'Zugabe' to the Bifolium metallicum, 1771, p. no, ab Indagine quotes von Lohneyss' account of the making of zinc at Goslar in the Harz. Loeneiss or Loehneys or Lohneyss was a nobleman of the Palatinate, ' Stallmeister ' at the court of the Elector Augustus of Saxony, an experienced courtier and statesman, entered in 1583 the service of the hereditary prince Heinrich Julius of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel and became Berghauptmann. In the Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 545 ; 1710, v. p. 269. {Reimmann (iii. p. 545) calls the miner- alogist 'Christopher,' but the politician (v. p. 269), 'Georg Engelhard.' The mineralogist and poli- tician are identified in the British Museum Cata- logue.) Jacob Leupolds Prodromuf Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, p. 94. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 403 ((ii. 2. 2. 29. §4), calls him Christopher). LOEN (S. E. VON). Geheimnifs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 137. The date of the first edition of this book is not recorded, but Fictuld quotes an edition of 1733, which according to the entry by Ladrague is the second : Das Geheimnufs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge, nach seinen Wundern im Reich der Natur und Gnade, Macro et Micro- cosmice, als die Schliissel : dadurch der Weeg zur Verbesserung eroffnet, . . . (von S. E. de Loen). Zweyte und mit vielen curiosen Observationibus vermehrte Auflage. Franckfurt am M., Job. Friedr. Fleischer, 1733, 'n 8° of 109 pp. The third edition, same place, publisher and size, was issued in 1759. There was also an edition, Frank- furt, 1771, 8°. One of the few persons who have noticed the book is Fictuld, who has put it in his first class, and has praised the author for his wis- Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Tn- *• P- 8a- Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 675- dukedom of Wolffenbuttel he bought the estates of Remlingen and Neundorf, and at the former place he wrote his books, designed the plates, woodcuts and initials with his own hand, and had them printed at his own press. He wrote other books : Aulico-Politica, oder Hof-, Staats- und Regier- kunst, Remlingen, 1622, fol. A new edition ap- peared at Frankfurt, 1679, fol., without the words 'Aulico-Politica.' The copies of the first edition were destroyed by a fire. Delia Cavalleria, seu de arte equitandi, 1609, fol. ; translated into German by Valentin Trichter, Nurnberg, 1729, fol. ; Griind- licher Bericht des Zaumens, 1588, fol. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheil, I736. P- 7°i- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2494 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung, 1810, iii. col. 2042. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 65. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 173. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 118. dom, but adds that he has said more than was perhaps admissible ; still he commends it strongly to the lovers of nature and grace. He states that a person called Cron, at the Court of Weimar, claimed the authorship, but when pressed to say whether he was the author or not he made no reply. Fictuld is inclined to believe that it was written by von Loen, who was the King of Prussia's ' resident ' at Frankfurt. But Fictuld s statements must always be taken for what they are worth, and in all cases they require confirmation. The editor of the Hermettsches A. B. C,, however, assigns the work to von Loen. The comment in the Btytrag is that it is ' theosophical and mystical, like most of the books of its time on the subject.' Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1456-57. 44 LOWE— LOWER LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes. Schlufs-fiihrender Erlauterungs-Anhang. See MONTE HERMETIS (jOHANN DE), Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri, 1680. See also LEO. LOWENHEIM. See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB). LOWENSTERN (JOHANN KUNCKEL VON). See KUNCKEL (JOHANN) von Lowenstern. LONDON. Pharmacopee. See PEMBERTON (H.), 1761. LOVER of the Hermetick Science. See ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 1696. LOWER (RICHARD). Englisches Artzney-Buchlein das ist : Des welt-beriihmten Englischen Medici Hrn. D. Loweri, und unterschiedlicher anderer vortrefflichen Englischen Medicorum in London, niitzliche, bewehrte und viele Jahre lang an vielen Menschen probirte und gut befundene Recepte und Artzney-Mittel, worinnen enthalten die sicherste und beste Methode, allerhand Kranckheiten, Gebrechen und Schwachheiten des menschlichen Leibes, innerlich und ausserlich zu heilen : Welche als sehr nutzlich, nicht allein alien Medicis, Chirurgis und andern der Artznez-Befliessenen, sondern auch andern Personen, absonderlich aber dem gemeinen verlassenen Mann zu sonderbahren Nutzen, im ver- wichenen Jahre in Engelland mit grossem Applausu gedruckt worden, und nunmehro wegen ihrer grossen Nutzbarkeit, aus der Englischen Sprache in unsere Hochdeutsche iibersetzt und an den Tag gegeben, von C. Ludovici, M. Leipzig, bey Johann Ludwig Gleditsch, Anno 1702. 8°. Pp. [8, portrait of Lower included] 226. Index [14]. Advertisements [8J. Title red and black. Lower was distinguished as an anatomist and Royal College of Physicians in 1675 and of the physiologist, but so far as I know, contributed Royal Society in 1667. He had a very large and nothing to chemistry. He was born at Tremeere, fashionable practice for many years, but on account near Bodmin, in Cornwall, in 1631, was educated of his politics he got out of favour and it shrank at Westminster School and went to Oxford where considerably. He died in London 17 Jan., i69°/j. he graduated in Arts and Medicine. He studied He is noted for his work on the brain, and for his chemistry in Oxford, assisted Dr. Willis, and in experiments on transfusion. 1666 went to London. He became a fellow of the Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 939. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^exicon, 1750, ii. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . , . col. 2547 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. Introductio, 1687, p. 137 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; p. 183 2188. (Add. iv. 39. i). Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Alddecine, Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1755, ii. p, 130; 1778, iii. p. no. 1700, p. 302 (transfusion of blood). Biographia Britannica, 1760, v. p. 3009. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 558. 1731, II. i. p. 116. • Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1779, iii. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen pp. 164, 235. Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 494. Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 350. Goelicke, Introductio in Historian, litterariam Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Anatomes, 1738, p. 247. App. iv., p. xxv. , Ann. 1667. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- p. 490. 25), vi. p. 121. LQ WER—L UDOLF 45 LOWER (RICHARD). Continued. Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. Evelyn, Diary, 1850, ii. p. 333. col. 297. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, i. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (authors), ii. p. 495. p. 6i8y. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- Sprengel, Geschichte der Arsneykunde, 1827, iv. cales, 1870, 2eme SeYie, iii. p. 143. pp. 90, 91, 94, 105-106, 138, 190. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Dezeinieris, Dictionnaire historique de la HMde- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 487. p. 51. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 312, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 368. 316 ; 1849, ii. p. 195. Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiv. Pepys, Diary, 1848, iv. p. 482. p. 203 (article by Dr. J. F. Payne). LOYS (GEORG). Georgii Loysii c. v. Pervigilium Mercurii, in quo agitur de praestantissimis peregrinantis virtutibus. Et qua ratione unusquisque citra majorem diffi- cultatem exteras peragrare provincias, regiones adire exoticas, & cum cujusvis conditionis hominibus, bene & honeste conversari potest. Iterum nunc Manual! forma tertib editum. Francofurti, Impensis Christian! Kleinii. M.UCXLIV. 12°. Pp. 270 (misprint for 200) [12]. This does not treat of chemistry but of travelling. LUCENS Lux in tenebris. See LUX in tenebris lucens. LUCERNA Salis Philosophorum. See HAUTNORTHON (jOSAPHAT FRIEDRICH). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 1737, p. 94. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 38, 45. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetiqve, 1742, iii. p. 209. LUDEEN (JACOBUS). J. N. J. Jacobi Ludeen, Med: D: & Prov: Scaraburg: in W: Gothia Phys; ord: de Lithogenesia Macro- et Microcosm!, Exercitatio Physico-Medica cujus Pars Prior Generationem Lapidum in Majori mundo oftendit & petrificationis modos, Pars Posterior Generationem lapidum in omnibus corporis humani partibus ex Observationibus scriptorum idoneorum demonstrat. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Coenradum Wishoff. M DCC XIII. 12°. Pp. [8] 187 [3]. This seems to be all he wrote. There is a copy in the British Museum (977. a. 28). I have not found his name mentioned by any of the authorities. LUDOLF (HlERONYMUS). Die in der Medicin siegende Chymie bestehend in aufrichtiger Mittheilung derer in Bereitung der wichtigsten Medicamentorum mit Nutzen gebrauchter Chymischen Handgriffe. Erstes Stuck, darin gezeiget wird : I.) Eine herrliche Verbesserung der bishero iiblichen Tincturae Antimonii, dafs sie nemlich in der Extraction so roth wie ein Blut wird, welches auch mit alien andern metallischen Tincturen angehet. II.) Ein achtes Arcanum Tartari zu bereiten. III.) Wie ohne Kosten ein reines Sal Alcali Fixum in ziemlicher Menge zu verfertigen, und wie ein Balneum Marias umsonst unterhalten warden konne. 46 LUDOLF LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued. Mit einem hierzu nothigen Kupfer versehen, und alles aus gnugsamen Chymischen und Physicalischen Griinden bewiesen von Hieronymo Ludolfo, Philos. et Medic. Doct, Facult. Philos. Assess. Extr. et Profess. Publ. Itemque Practico Erford. Erfurt, zu finden im Jungnicolischen Buchladen, 1743. 4°. Pp. 38. Frontispiece included in the pagination. . . . Zweytes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird die Nothwendigkeit, Nutzen und Verfertigung des Spiritus Mercurialis, samt denen wichtigsten Vortheilen, einenachten Spiritum Vini zu erhalten ; dabey auch zugleich die nachhero in Bereitung der Tincturae Antimonii gefundene Handgriffe treulich angefiihret vverden, und die Anlegung eines hierzu bequemen Schmeltz-Ofens gewiesen wird. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1746. 4°. Pp. [8, including the frontispiece] 32. . . . Drittes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird eine Tincturam Antimonii durch den destillirten Wein-Essig zu bereiten, desgleichen auch auf eben solche Art die achten metallischen Oele zu erhalten, dieselben fliichtig und wieder fix zu niachen, nebst einem Vortheil, die Terram foliatam Tartari auf eine geschwinde und leichte Art auf das hb'chste zu reinigen, zugleich auch ein Athanor beschrieben wird, darinnen man mil einem Feuer wohl zwantzigerley und mehrere Arbeiten verrichten, und besonders auch einen bequemen Putreficir-Kasten halten kan. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen, . . . 1746. Pp. [8, including the plate] 32. . . . Viertes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird : Auf welche Art man am mehresten von der Naphtha Chymica oder Oleo vitrioli dulci bekommen konne, und Warum diese Naphtha aus dem Aqua regis das darinn aufgelosete Gold an sich nimmt ; Desgleichen auch, wie man durch das Laboratorium 3 bis 4 Zimmer heitzen konne, nebst Einer gefundenen Verbesserung des Balnei maris. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747. Pp. [8, including the plate] 32. . . . Fiinftes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird : I. ) Wie man dem Salpeter seine Ro'the oder Quintam Essentiam ausziehen, ingleichen aus demselben viele Naphtham oder oleum nitri dulce erhalten konne, und warum solche Naphtha aus dem Scheide-Wasser das darinne aufgelosete Silber in sich nimmt. II.) Wie das Saltz aus dem ungeloschten Kalk zu erhalten, und aus was fur Theilen ein Sal alcali fixum bestehe. III.) Wie man in der Haufshaltung bey einem Feuer waschen, brauen, braten kochen, backen, darren und bis 6 Zimmer heitzen konne. Nebst einer gefundenen nothigen Verbesserung meines Athanors. Mit einem nflthigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747. Pp. 40, including the plate. . . . Sechstes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget werden Die fernere Versuche von der Naphtha Vitrioli und Naphtha Nitri, ingleichen, wie das Sal metallorum aus dem Wismuth zu erhalten. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1748. Pp. [4, including the plate] 36. . . . Siebentes und letztes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird Wie die Weine iiberhaupt verbessert, insbesondere aber die schlechtere Land- ' Weine in Spanische, Italianische, Ungarische, Champagne, Burgunder, Stein- und Rhein-Weine, ohne den geringsten Zusatz, sondern in und durch sich selbsten verwan- delt werden konnen, ingleichen, wie in Obst-Landern aus Obst ein guter Wein zu erhalten, und wie solche Weine zu Verfertigung der schonsten Spirituum und Essentzen der Vegetabilien zu gebrauchen. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1749. Pp. [4, including the plate] 36. Zugabe zu der in der Medicin noch immer und immer siegenden Chymie, worin gezeiget wird : Wie eine Tinctura Antimonii in Pulver zu verwandeln ; wie die allerbeste erdhafte Mittel zu bereiten ; wie die Naphtha aus dem Kiichensalze zu verfertigen ; die rechte Zubereitung der Salium essentialium der Vegetabilien ; der Schade des Mercurii dulcis in den Franzosenkrankheiten, und endlich wie der Mercurius durch ein Laugensalz aufzulosen, und daraus so wol ein achtes Mittel fur die Franzosen, als auch ein starkes Menstruum die Metalle vollig aufzuschliessen, zu verfertigen. . . . 1750. Pp. [4] 93. Inhalt [8]. L UDOLF—L UDO VIC US 47 LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued. D. Hieron. Ludolfs, offentlichen Lehrers der Chymie und Mathematik, der philos. und medicinis. Facultat Decanus und ordentl. Beysitzers, wie auch Stadtphysicus allhier, vollstandige und griindliche Einleitung in die Chymie, darin nicht allein alle Chymische Arbeiten deutlich gezeiget und griindlich erklaret, sondern auch zu derselben Erlauterung die wichtigsten Versuche aus der Pharmacie, Metallurgie und Alchymie nebst alien Vortheilen treulich ausgefuhret worden. Mit nothigen Kupfern versehen. Mit Rom. Kays. Maj. auch Kon. Poln. und Churf. Sachs, allergnadigsten Privilegien. Erfurt 1752, im Verlage Joh. Heinr. Nonnens. 8°. Pp. [20, including frontispiece] 1104. Register [12]. 20 plates of apparatus and symbols. The frontispiece is a curious, full-length portrait of the author in his Wants Ggg i, pp. 833-4. laboratory. Ludolf, son of Hiob Ludolf, was born at Erfurt, ii Dec., 1708, attended school there and studied law in the university in 1725, and in 1728 went to Copenhagen ; in 1730 was through want obliged to take the post of a clerk with his uncle at Wetzlar, and in 1731 continued his law studies at Jena. In 1734 he held the position of a tutor to a youth at the Witgenstein Court at Berleburg, and lived there till July, 1737. While there he pursued watch- making for a year to earn a livelihood, and then his taste for medicine revived, whereupon he returned to Jena in 1737, and took up the subject, paying special attention to chemistry. On his return to Erfurt he took the degree of Master and Doctor of Medicine, soon made a large practice, and in 1740 began to lecture. In 1741 he was extraordinary Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothtca tnefallica, 1737, P- 95- Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. pp. 344, 363- 385. 47°-72. 649. 686. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 290, 293, 295, 301. Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver- storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp. 384-388. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsettung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 55. LUDOVICI (C.). See LOWER (RICHARD), 1702. LUDOVICI (DANIEL). See LUDWIG (DANIEL). LUDOVICUS (JOHANN). Tractatus de Elixire Arboris Vitae, id est, Medicina mea Universali : Quae omnibus Morbis in genere, desperatissimis etiam, & qui pro incurabilibus vulgb habentur, felicissimo successu acommodari potest. Observatis duntaxat nonnullis in hoc Libro determinatis : In morborum profligationem, Ad vitam pacatiorem. Conscriptus & publici juris factus a Johanne Ludovico a Frundek, Germano, Equite, & Medicinarum Doctore, Serenissimae Electoralis Principis, &c. &c. Ducis Kuerlandise, Celsitudinis Exarchiatro & Consiliario Medico, diversa- professor of philosophy, 1745 ordinary professor of chemistry, ordinary assessor of the medical and philosophical faculties, was appointed town- physician, and then private physician of the Kur-Mainzischer Statthalter there. He was after- wards summoned to Mainz as physician of the Kurfiirst Joh. Friedr. Karl, with permission to retain the professorship, to which he returned on the death of the Kurfiirst in 1764. In 1752 he had been ennobled, and died 7 Nov., 1764. Gmelin, who in one place (ii. p. 470) calls him ' Heinr,' but in others ' Hier." correctly, refers repeatedly to his having been a teacher at Erfurt. He made several new pharmaceutical compounds, and wrote a number of books and dissertations on pharmaceutical and medical subjects. Biographic Mtdicalet Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 126. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1511. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 1870, 2eme Se"rie, iii. p. 173. L.&dra.gue,fftMiot,'i}<tue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1391, 1642-43. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der htrvorra- genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. p. 58 (article by Pagel). 48 LUDOVICUS—LUDWIG LUDOVICUS (JOHANN). Continued. rumque Vrbium quondam Physico Ordinario. Hagae-Comitis, Ex Typo- graphia Adriani Vlacq, Anno 1660. 8°. Pp. [4] 147 [i]. LUDUS Puerorum. See ALCHIMIA (DE) OPUSCULA, 1550, i. f. 135. See ARTis AURIFERJE . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. in. Das Kinderspiel (oder Weiberwerck). See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 154. See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 359. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 198. See OPUS Mulierum. Maier, Symbola aurece mensce, 1617, p. 559. LUDWIG (DANIEL). Danielis Ludovici, Archiatri quondam Ducal. Saxo-Goth. Opera Omnia, vide- licet I. De Pharmacia moderno Seculo applicanda Dissertationes in. cum Commentario. II. De Volatilitate Salis Tartar! Dissertatio. III. De Morbis Castrensibus & Dysenteria Tractatus duo, in gratiam Exterorum e lingua Germanica in latinam translati. IV. Observationes Physico-Chymico-Medicse XLIIX. ex Ephemeridibus Academiae Naturae Curiosorum transcriptae. Quibus uti Index Locupletissimus subjicitur, ita Vitae Autoris Curriculum praeponitur exaratum a Georgio Wolfg. Wedelio. Cum Privil. Reg. Pol. et Elect. Saxon. Lipsiae, Apud Joh. Herbordum Klosium. Anno M DCC XII. 8°. Pp. [16] 1 102. Index [85] [i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait of the author included in the pagination. The true number is 1098, because 933-4 and 979-80 have been dropped. Danielis Ludovici Med. Ducal. Sax. Goth. De Volatilitate Salis Tartari Dissertatio. Editio Secunda. Gothae,. Impensis Salomonis Reyheri. Exscrib. Christoph. Reyhero. Anno M.DC.LXXIV. 12°. Pp. [20] 73 for 93 [3 blank]. Daniel Ludwig, called Ludovici by Kestner and was published at Gotha, 1667, 12°, pp. [4] 92 Others, and also Ludovicus, was born at Weimar, [i, i blank]. 5 Oct., 1625, studied there and at Jena and The Observationes contain a number of papers other places, but graduated at Jena -in 1647. He bearing on chemical and pharmaceutical questions, practised at Konigsberg in Franconia, at Saltz- The present edition of Ludwig's collected works ungen, and at Gotha in 1666, where he died ii is not mentioned by any of the authorities I have Sept., 1680. His work, De pharmacist moderno consulted. The edition always given is that by seculo accommodate., first published in 1671 at Johann Conrad Michaelis, Francof. a. M., 1712, 4°. Gotha, went through several editions, and was There are apparently notices of his life by Joh. translated into French and German. In it he Heinreich in the introduction to his translation attempted to reform the pharmacopoeia by purging into German of Ludwig's tract, De moderatione it of useless and dangerous substances. On this Taxarum, Gotha, 1714, 8°; by Michaelis, prefixed account he has been commended by Sprengel and to his edition of the collected works— and there is others. the 'Autoris Vitoe Curriculum' by Wedel, in the The dissertation, De Volatilitate Salis Tartari, present edition. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 232. (Add. viii. 9. 2); p. 294 (Add. ix. 7. 2); p. 386 Conring, In Univcrsam Artem Medicam . . . (Add. xi. 6. 2). Jntroductio, 1687, p. 30 (Add. i. 12. i); p. 273 Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens exflora- LUDIVIG—LULLIUS 49 LUDWIG (DANIEL). Continued. forum in re medico, physica &•* chymica, 1696, pp. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 79-80. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 28, 53, 60, 73, 83, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 85, 101. 1731, II. i. p. 117. (He gives a list of his disserta- Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- tions and observations.) 25), vi. p. 128. Stolle, Anleitung zttr Historic der Medicinischcn Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. Gtlahrheit, 1731, pp. 749, 791, 792, 793. p. 289. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- !737. P- 95- cine, 1837. III. ii. p. 489. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-l^exicon, 1740, K.opp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 116 ; p. 492. 1845, iii. p. 29 ; 1847, iv. p. 352. Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289. col. 2584 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung, 1813, iv. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, i. col. 91. p. 472. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 553. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 604. -worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1512. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, p. 409. K. F. H. Marx, 'Zur Anerkennung des braven Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, Arztes Dr. Daniel Ludwig, des Reformators der 1778, iii. p. 116. Pharmakologie und Pharmacie,' in Abhandlungen Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu iii. p. 300 ('rei pharmaceuticae peritissimus, chemi- Gotlingen, 1875, xx. p. 3. cus idem, vir excitati ingenii '). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 138, genden Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. 215, 216, 256 note i, 258, 373. p. 59. LUFFT-GOLD. See CLAUDER (GABRIEL), Dissertation von der Universal-Tinctur, 1682. LUGDUNUM Gallorum. See PHARMACOPCEA LUGDUNENSIS, 1674. LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Raymundi Lullii Opera ea quae ad adinventam ab ipso Artem Vniversalem, Scientiarum Artiumque Omnium breui compendio, firmaq; memoria apprse- hendendarum, locupletissimaq'; vel oratione ex tempore pertractandarum, pertinent. Vt et in eandem quorundam interpretum scripti commentarii : Quae omnia sequens indicabit pagina : & hoc demum tempore coniunctim emendatiora locupletioraq; non nihil edita sunt. Accessit huic Editioni Valerii De Valerijs Patricij Veneti aureum in artem Lulli generalem opus : Adiuncto indice cum* capitum, turn rerum ac verborum locupletissimo. Argentorati, Sumptibus Lazari Zetzneri Bibliopolae. M.DC.VIIII. 8°. Pp. [16] 1109. Index [40] [i, colophon and emblem, 2 blank]. 3 folding diagrams ; woodcuts in the text. Not about chemistry. [Raymundi Lullii Majoricani Elucidarium, geschrieben iiber sein Testament und Codicill, wie die recht zu verstehen.] s. 1. & a. 8°. Pp. 57-68. This is a fragment from the Alchymistisch Sieben-Gestirn, 1675. Analysis Partis Practicae in Testamento. See GERHARD (jOHANN), Exercitationes perbreves, p. 73. See also MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 778. Apertorium, & Accuratio Vegetabilium. See RICHARDUS Anglicus, Correctorium Alchymiae, 1581, f. 81. See RICHARDUS Anglicus, Correctorium Alchymiae, 1596, f. 81. This is different from the other tract entitled Apertorium de veri lapidis compositione. II. D 50 LULLIUS LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Apertorium de veri lapidis compositione. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 104. Apertorium von der wahren Composition des Steins der Weisen. See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 25- See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 35. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 312. Apertorium. Commentatio Perbrevis & Perspicua in Apertorium Raimundi Lullii. See GERHARD (jOHANN), 1641. See CLAVICULA. Arcanum Lullianum, seu Modus secretissimus conficiendi & componendi Vniversalem Medicinam, per verum & genuinum Artis Spagyricae Artificium. See GERHARD (JOHANN), Panaceae Hermeticae . . . Assertio, 1640. Ars Compendiosa. See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum. Ars intellectiva super lapidem Philosophorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 112. Brief oder kurtzer Begriff. See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 379. See EPISTOLA. Cantilena. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 822. See CODICILLUS. Capitulum valde magnum in albedine, & omnibus nobilius, ex libro qui dicitur Philosophus mirabilis. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. 180. Clavicula quas et Apertorium dicitur. See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), Secreta Alchimiae Magnalia, 1612, p. 57. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 295. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 872. Clavicula, Apertorium, or little Key explaining all the rest of his works. See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 163. Codicillus, seu Vade Mecum & Cantilena in quo fontes Alchemicae Artis, ac Philosophise reconditioris uberrime traduntur. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 880. Compendium animse Transmutationis Artis Metallorum, Ruperto Anglorum Regi transmissum. See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 92. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 171. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 780, and i. p. 853. LULL 1 'US 51 LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Compendium Artis Alchemiae et Naturalis Philosophise. See ARTIS AURIFER.E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 83. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 875. Compendium Artis Magicae (sic for Magnae), quoad compositionem lapidis philosophorum. See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 165. Elucidarium iiber sein Testament und Codicill. See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 57- See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 71. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 315. Elucidatio Testamenti. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Ein Philosophischer . . . Tractat: genannt Der kleine Baur, 1619, p. 370. See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Ein . . . Tractat genannt : Der kleine Baur, 1658, P- 363- See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 823. L'elucidation ou I'eclaircisseinent du Testament. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes chimiques, 1754, iv. P. 297. Elucidatio Testamenti totius ad R. Odoardum. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 139. This is different from the above. Epistola de accurtatione Lapidis Benedict! missa Anno 1412 Roberto Anglorum Regi. See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 160 ; 1714, p. 379 (in German). See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 863. Experimenta. See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. i. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part iii. p. 88. See MANGET (J. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 826. Experimenta . . . von Raimundo in Latein beschrieben. Jetzt aber durch Herrn Georgium Sanderreuter von Wasserburg verteutscht worden. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 664. Explicatio Lulii. See VOGEL (EWALD), De Lapidis Physici Conditionibus Liber, quo . . . Raimundi Lulii methodica continetur explicatio, 1595. De Intentione Alchimistarum Liber. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 139. 52 LULLIUS LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Intentio Summaria, quse aliter dicitur Repertorium, valde utilis ad intelligentiam Testament!, Codicilli & aliorum librorum Raymundi Lullii. See GRATAROLO (c.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 185. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 730. Lapidarium. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 98. Libellus utilissimus de mercuric solo. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verge alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 163. Liber Artis compendiosas, quem Vade Mecum nuncupavit. See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum. Liber experimentorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 174. Liber mercuriorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 183. Liber dictus Lux Mercuriorum. See MANGET (J. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 824. Lignum Vitse. See MYSTERIA. La Lumiere des Mercures. See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), Lettre d'un Philosophe, 1688. Modus accipiendi Aurum potabile. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 77. Mysteria. See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI), De Alchemia Dialogi n. Quorum . . . alter Raimundi Lullij Maioricani Mysteria in lucem producit. This second dialogue is also called Lignum Vita. Potestas divitiarum, in quo expositio Testament! Hermetis continetur. See ARTIS AURIFER^: . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 56. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 866. Practica. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 127. Praxis universalis magni operis. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 165. Precatio ante Medicinarum exhibitionem. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM. 1659, i. p. 682. LULU US 53 LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Pulcherrimum opus de transmutatione metallorum. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 175. Repertorium. See INTENTIO Summaria. Summaria lapidis consideratio et eius abbreviationes. See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 156. Testamentum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. i (Theoria) ; p. 135 (Practica). See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 707 (Theorica) ; p. 763 (Practica). Testamentum Novissimum, Partes duo. See ULTIMUM TESTAMENT. Theoria et Practica. See TESTAMENTUM. De Tincturis Compendium, seu Vade Mecum. See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 153. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 849. This tract is different from that called 'Codicillus seu Vade Mecum.' Tractatus de Lapide et Oleo Philosophorum. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, Hi. p. 92. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 878. Tractat vom Philosophischen Stein. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 79. Tractatus de Praeparatione Lapidis Philosophici. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 146. Ultimum Testamentum. See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. pp. 1-55. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 79°- The version of this tract in the Ars Aurifera chapters, which is not contained in the Ars Auri- consists of one part only. Mangel has reprinted fera and is different from the 'Practica' in the this, though not verbatim, and he has added (pp. Testamentum, 806-822) ' De Praclica Liber Secundus ' in 27 Vade Mecum. See CODICILLUS. See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum. Verbum abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi. See RAYMUNDUS. 54 LULLIUS LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Ramon Lul (Brambach) or Lull, or Raimundo or Raymundo Lulio, or Raymundus Lullus, or Lullius, Raymund Lulle, Raymund Lully, was a native of Palma in Majorca. The year of his birth is given variously : Pascual puts it in 1232, Perro- quet in 1240 or 1242, others in 1234, 1235, 1236, 1239. During his youth he followed the court and was given up to pleasure, till his whole life was changed by a lady whom he admired showing him how she was suffering from malignant disease. Thereafter he became extremely religious, is said to have had heavenly revelations, and devoted him- self to the conversion of the Saracens to Christi- anity. For this purpose he learned Arabic and had permission to found a small monastery of Franciscans, whose duty it was to learn Arabic and assist in the work. He tried to have similar establishments elsewhere but without success, and he even attempted to get up another Crusade. He himself travelled and preached to the unbelievers, not without many perils (see Brambach), and at last in 1315 he was all but stoned to death at Bugia in Africa. His body was rescued by some Genoese sailors who brought him to Majorca, but he died 30 June, 1315, in sight of his native country before he could be landed. After his death he was canonized as a martyr and a monument or mauso- leum was erected to him, a drawing of which is given by Sollerius. He was a voluminous writer on divinity, the liberal arts, philosophy, physics, law, medicine, mathematics, metaphysics, logic, and his own art. Wadding enumerates 400 works, and by some that number is multiplied nearly by 10. As to the books on chemistry which pass under his name and are enumerated by several of his biographers, they are considered to be not by him, and the transmu- tations said to have been effected by him are also considered unauthentic. The whole of the story about his coming to England, on the invitation of Cremer Abbot of Westminster, to make gold to induce King Edward III. to undertake a war against the Turks, which gold the king afterwards used against France, seems to be without founda- tion, and will not stand examination. As the works however must have been written by some one, De Luanco ascribes them to a Raimundo de Tarraga who lived ' por los anos de 1370, esto es, en el siglo en que muri6 Ramon Lull.' He was a converted Jew whose devotion to the occult sciences, and the censures his works provoked are strong proofs that if he did not write all the al- chemical books, he was author of some of them. Fabricius, who does not refuse to the blessed martyr the fame of an alchemist, says in the article devoted to Raimundo de Tarraga that he wrote books ' de secretis na.tv.rcB, de Alchimia et alia qua; jussu Gregorii XI. An. 1372 flammis sunt exusta.' To a person of the name of Raymundus Lullius Neophytus, 60 years later, are ascribed the chemi- cal books as well as the Liber de Daemonum Invocatione, by Morhof. Lully's reputed alchemical works were published singly and in collections. The following are some of the separate editions : De Secretis Naturae siue Quinta essentia libri duo . . . M. D.XLI. Colophon: Argentorati apud Balthassarum Beck. Anno XLI. Mense Martio. 8°, ff. [4] 183 [4, i blank]. libri quinque, and was edited by Venetijs apud Petrum This also contains Albertus, De Mineralibus . . Ryff. De Secretis naturae siue Quinta essentia libri duo . Schoeffer . . . Anno M.D.XLII., 8° pp. 324 [8]. Codicillus seu Vade Mecum, Colonise, 1563, 8°, pp. 271 [i blank] ; Colonise, 1572, 8°, pp. 248 ; Rothomagi, 1651, 8°, pp. 206 [2 blank]. Testamentum, item Compendium Animae transmutationis artis metallorum, Coloniae Agrippinae, 1566, 8°, ff. [4] 240 [8]. Libelli aliquot chemici : [Testamentum novissimum ; Elucidatio vocabulorum ; Vade mecum ; Compendium de transmutatione animae metallorum ; De compositione gemmarum ; Epistola accurtatoria ad Regem Neapolitanum ; Medicina Magna ; Dialogus Demogorgon]. Basileae, Perna, 1572, 8°, pp. [16] 480 [31, i blank]. Basileae, Waldkirch, 1600, 8°, pp. [12] 393 [26, i blank]. Mercuriorum Liber. Item Apertorium ; Repertorium ; Artis intellectiuas Theorica & Practica ; Magia naturalis. Coloniae Agrippinae, 1567, 8°, pp. [16] 381 [i]. De Secretis Naturae, seu de Quinta Essentia liber Unus ; Epistola ad Regem Robertum ; Tractatus de aquis. Coloniae, 1567, pp. [8] 376. Tractatus de Conservatione Vitae ; liber Secretorum seu Quintae essentiae. Argentorati, 1616, 8°, [8] in [i blank]. Testamentum. Rothomagi, 1663. Pars i. pp. [1-8] 9-355 [n]; Pars ii. [14] 393 [27]. Part i. contains Theorica & Practica (the two divisions of the Testamentum}, and Compendium Animae transmutationis ; Part ii. contains a reprint of the Libelli aliquot chemici. Secreta Secretorum. Colonias, 1592, 8°, pp. [8] 155 [i]. Wadding, Annales Ordinum Minorum, Ann. 1275, 1287, 1290, 1293, 1295 ; iii. Ann. 1315. (He maintains that the alchemical books are sub- sequent to Lully's time. ) Henr. Cornelius Agrippa, De Incertitudine et Vanitate Scientiarum et Artium atque excellentia Verbi Dei Declamatio, 1530, sig. 63 rectu ; English translation, 1569, f. 24 verso, cap. 9. (Here he criticises the ' Lullian Art ' severely, though he himself wrote a commentary upon it which was published at Cologne, 1531, 1533, 1538, and in his collected works. ) Nazari, Delia tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 142. LULLIUS 55 LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued. Mariana, De rebus Hispanic, Mogunt. , 1605, ii. p. 9 (lib. xv. cap. iv. Raymundi Lulh obitus). Juan Segui, Vida y hechos del admirable Doctor y tndrtir Ramon Lull, Mallorca, 1606. Bellarminus, Operum Tomus Septimus, Col. Agrip. , 1617, ' Liber de ScriptoribusEcclesiasticis,' col. 168, Ann. 1285 ; col. 263. Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensce, 1617, p. 403. Abr. Bzovius, Annales Ecclesiastici, Colon. Agr. 1618, xiv. (Ann. 1372), col. 1398. ( Long discussion and refutation of his errors. ) Crollius, Basilica Chymica, 1620, ' Prefatio Ad- monitoria,' p. 92. G. Naud6, Apolog ie pour tous Us grands Person- nages qui ont este faussement soupconnez de Magie, Paris, 1625, pp. 373-376 ; English translation, 1657, PP- 175-177. John Selden, Mare Clausum, 1636, pp. 436-440 (Lib. ii. cap. 25, with a drawing of a rose noble) ; or Opera Omnia, 1726, II. ii. col. 1386 (with the same illustration. He refers to the reputed al- chemical origin of the gold, but does not mention Lully). Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 413. Joannes Imperialis, Museum Historicum et Physicum, Venet. , 1640, p. 12, and portrait. Jacob. Gaddius, De Scriptoribus non ecclesiasticis, 1648-49, p. 285. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652, p. 443 (rose nobles), p. 467 (connection with Cremer). Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 141-47, 246, 267. Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium Doc- trind et Scriptis Virorum, 1654, p. 35. A. Per roquet, Apologie de la vie et des Oeuvres du bien-heureux Raymond Lulle, a Vendosme, 1667, square 8°, pp. [24] 390 [6]. (Livres de Chy- mie, p. 377. ) Borrichius, De ortu et progressu C hernia Disser- tatio, 1668, pp. 129-142. De Vernon, Histoire de Raymond Lulle, Paris, 1668, 12°. Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo, 1669, Lib. ii. c. 15, p. 414. Morhof, De Metallurum transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistala, 1673, pp. 120- 131- Wm. Camden, Remains concerning Britain, 7th edition by John Philipot, 1674, p. 242. John Webster, The Displaying of supposed Witchcraft, 1677, p. 5. Kdnig, Bibliotheca Vetus et A'ova, 1678, p. 486. Isaac Bullartius, Academie des Sciences et des Arts, 1682, ii. p. 150, with a portrait. Will. Cave, Cartophylax ecclesiasticus, Londini, 1685, p. 265. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 930. Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 102 (Intr. c. iii. §27). Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1687, p. 536. Freher, TJieatrum Virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, ii. p. 1208, portrait, plate 54. Petrus Bennazar, Breve ac compendiosum rescrip- turn; nativitatem, vitam, martyrium, cultum in- memorabilem pii hcrremitte, ac venerabilis martyris Raymundi Lulli, Maiorcis, 1688, 4°. Reyher, Dissertatio de Nummis . . . ex Chymico Metallo factis, 1692, p. 13. Ada Eruditorum, 1697, p. 304 ; 1710, p. 397. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 16, No. xxiii. Moller, Homonymo-Scopia Historico-Philologico- Critica, Hamburgi, 1697. pp. 610-612. (A certain R. Lullius Neophytus is the reputed author of the Liber de Damonum invocatione. The opinion of Wadding and Vine. Mutius is that the chemical books are by a much later Raymundus, and Moller thinks 'nee sine ingenti veri specie,' 'while Bor- richius and Morhofius in replying to Mutius get into more difficulties than they resolve.1) Joh. Jacob. Hoffmann, Lexicon Universale, 1698, iv. p. vij. (a mere note : he distinguishes him from Raimundus Lullius Junior de Terraga and makes no allusion to alchemical writings). Morhof, Dissertation.es, 1699, pp. 287, 288-89. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 56. Joan. Baptista Sollerius, Acta Raymundi Lulli Majoricensis , Doctoris illuminati, Bugia in Africa Marlyris el ab eo denominate Lullisticee Academics patroni, Antverp., 1708, fol. (Contains i° an intro- duction by the editor, with a life of Lullus and engravings of his monuments. Sollerius doubts the genuineness of the alchemical works, and of his making gold for Edward III. in 1333, seeing he was dead by 1315, pp. 25-28. 2°. An anonymous contemporary biography. 3°. Life by Carolus Bovillus. 4°. Encomium, by Nicolas de Pax, 1519. 5°. Select miracles at his canonization. 6°. The orthodoxy of his works. 7°. Catalogue of his genuine works. 8°. Catalogue of works ascribed to him, p. 75.) Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- morum, 1708, ' De Scriptoribus pseudonymisdetectis Liber,' p. 425, No. 1620. Reimmann, Einleitung in die historiatn liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 189. Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 1710, p. 420. Giornale de' Letterati a" Italia, 1713, xiv. p. 392. Miraeus, 'Auctarium de Scriptoribus Ecclesias- ticis,' in Joh. Alb. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Ecclesias- tica, 1718, p. 71, CCCXC1H. Fabricius, Histories Bibliotheccs Fabriciana Pars y., 1722, p. 526. Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 103. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 1727, p. 538, §xxv. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 194, 254. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,\Tsi, II. i. p. 119. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal 'licet, 1732, p. 96. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, I. 2. 5. 4 (i. pp. 350- 366), (a discussion on Lully's Ars Magna and those who, like Cornelius Agrippa, have written on it). Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen a us der Philoso- phiichen Historie, Ulm, 1734. v. pp. 1337-1360 (p. 1345 discusses if he were an alchemist or not). Nic. Hier. Gundling, Vollstdndige Historie der Gelahrheit, 1734, ii. pp. 1769-75. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infima ^Etatis, 1735, iv. p. 863. Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1738, xviii. col. 1146. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1740, i. p. 396 (Th. i. H. xiii. c. 5, §6). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 493. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 144-187, 222-226, 466-468 ; ii. pp. 6-10 (with a drawing of a rose noble) ; iii. pp. 210-225 (gives a long list of his alchemical writings). LULLIUS LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued, Will. Cave, Scriptorum ecclesiasticorum Historia literaria, 1743, Appendix ... in qua de Scrip- toribus ecclesiasticis, ab anno MCCC. ad annum MDXVII. . . . agitur, p. 5, Anno, 1301 ; addition by Henry Wharton. Tharsander, Adeptus Ineplus, 1744, p. 337. Mundanus, ' Responsa, ' in Edmund Dickinson's tract, De Chrysopoeia, no date, p. 122. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 2599 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1813, iv. col. 151. (They quote very few of his more im- portant books, and enumerate mainly the chemical ones. ) Fictuld, Probier-Kunst, 1753, Th. i. p. 107. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1755, ii. p. 132; 1778, Hi. p. 117. MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1759, VI. ii. p. 503 (a meagre account). Georgius Matthise, Conspectus Historia; Medi- corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 61. Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic, 1766, IV. i. pp. 9-21 (discusses whether Lully was a chemist or not) ; 1767, vi. pp. 679-681. Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der Alchemie, 1777, pp. 214-222 (against Lully). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 78. Torbern Bergman, Historice chemice medium seu obscurum sEvum, 1782, p. 19 (artificial gems). Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 101, 487, 574, 576, 578, 582, 585, 595. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. n, 12 ; 1788, iii. p. 20. Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, 1788, ii. lib. 9, c. 3, pp. 122-141. Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie .... 1789, pp. 87-99 (a very complete discussion by a believer as a reply to Wiegleb). Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und mittleren Zeit, 1792, p. 140, note. Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic, 1796, v. pp. 58-66. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 68- 83- 556-557 I 1798, ii. p. 299. Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, pp. 8-12 (con- tents of a I4th century MS. of Lully's alchemical writings, partly in Spanish ; and of another MS. dated 1422, written in Italy). Wadding, Scriptores Ordinum Minorum, Romae, 1806, p. 201. Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 1807, V. i. p. 220. Ruding, Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain, London, 1817, i. pp. 129-30, 424 ; 1840, i. pp. 62, 63, 220. H. Loew, De Vita Raymundi Lullii Specimen, Halis, 1830, 8°. Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 38. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 166, 601. Felix Torres Amat, Memorias para ayudar a formar un Diccionario Critico de los Escritores Catalanes, Barcelona, 1836, p. 348 (no allusion to the alchemical works). Mackay, Memoirs of extraordinary Popular Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 25 ; 1852, i. p. 105 (with a portrait). Grasse, Literdrgeschichte , 1842, II. ii. 2, pp. 638- 640 (his alchemy). Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 397 ; 1866, i. p. 421. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 67-72, &c. , &c. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 204, 214. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Natu relies au Afoyen Age ou Albert Le Grand et son Epoque, 1853, pp. 188, 373, 378, 382. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Alddicale, 1855, i. p. 115. Adolf Helfferich, Raymund Lull und die An- fdnge der Catalonischen Literatur, Berlin, 1858, 8°, pp. iv. [2] 163 [i blank]. (Alchemy, pp. 82-83.) Graesse, Trtlsor de Livres rares, 1863, iv. p. 295. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1518. Cap, Etudes biographiques, 1864, Deuxieme Serie, p. 349. Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters , 1865, ii. pp. 924-952 (§§ 244-249). Fern. Weyler y Lavina, Raimundo Lulio juzgado par si mismo, Palma, 1866. Acta Sanctorum, Parisiis & Romae, 1867 ; Junii Tomus Septimus, pp. 581-676. (Life by Sollerius, with the engravings ; contemporary anonymous life, p. 606 ; Bovillus' Life, p. 613 ; Nicolaus de Pax, Encomium & Epistola, p. 618 ; Miracula, p. 623 : Dissertatio on his orthodoxy and list of his works, p. 634. This is a reprint of the Acta Sanctorum, Tomus V. Junii 30, pp. 633, 661 ; Bovillus, p. 668 ; Pax, p. 674.) Raymond Lully's Great Elixir, A Dramatic Poem, London, 1869, 8°, pp. [6] 98. Jos6 Ramon de Luanco, Ramon Lull {Raimundo Lulio} considerado como Alquimista, Barcelona, 1870, 8°, pp. [1-5] 6-50 [i, i blank], (and refer- ences). Ladrague , Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 767-785, 1829. Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (savants du Moyen Age), 1877, pp. 256-289. Piinjer, Geschichte der christlichen Religions- philosophie seit der Reformation, 1880, i. p. 24 ; English translation by Professor Hastie, 1887, p. 34. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 24 et passim. H. Carrington Bolton, Contributions of Alchemy to Numismatics, New York, 1890, p. 8 (reprinted from the American Journal of Numismatics). Antonio Raynmndo Pascual, Vida del Beato Ray mundo Lulio Mdrtir y Doctor iluminado . . . publicada . . . par la Sociedad Arqueoldgica Luliana, Palma, 1890, 1891, 2 vols., sm. 8°. (Libros de Alchimia, Tomo ii. pp. 328, 369.) Wilhelm Brambach, Des Raimundus Lullus Leben und Werke in Bildern des XIV. Jahrhun- derts. Zwolf Lichdrucktafeln, Karlsruhe, 1893, folio, pp. 9 [i], 12 photographs. Francisco de Bofarull y Sans, El Testamento de Ramdn Lull y la Escuela Luliana en Barcelona, Barcelona, 1896, 8°, pp. 44 [i, i blank], photo- graphic facsimile. L6op. Delisle, Testaments d'Arnaud de Ville- neuve et de Raimund Lulle, 20 juillet 1305 et 26 Avril 1313. Journal des Savants, Juin 1896, pp. 14. H. C. Macdowall, ' Raymond Lully,' Macmillan's Magazine, 1897, Ixxvi. p. 23. Homenatge al Doctor Arcangelic lo glorids Martir de Crist Beat Ramon Hull sos deixebles, admiradors i devots al primer d' any de 1901 i comencament del segle XX., 8°, pp. 98 [i, i blank], with illustrations and music. Conr. Haebler, Bibliografia Ibdrica del Siglo XV., 1904, pp. 180-183 (logic, theology, &c., printed in the isth century, but no alchemy). LULUUS—LUMINE 57 LULLIUS Redivivus Denudatus. Oder neu-belebter und griindlich-erklarter Lullius. Durch seine vier und dreyssig weltbekannte Kunst-Proben, oder Experimenten. Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen in unser Teutsche Mutter- Sprach iibersetzet mil Erkliirung des Duncklen erortert. Durch nothige Anmerckungen erlautert durch offters-bewehrte Kunst-Griffe deutlich aufgelofst und alien der wahren Weifsheit nachforschenden ans helle Tags-Liecht gelegt. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Johann Ziegers, Gedruckt im Jahr Christi 1703. 8°. Pp. [8] 334 [8]. 4 woodcuts in the text. LULLIUS Redivivus Denudatus. Oder neu-belebter und griindlich erklarter Lullius. Durch seine vier und dreyssig weltbekannte Kunst-Proben oder Experimenten. Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen in unser teutsche Mutter- sprach iibersetzet, mit Erklarung des Dunklen erortert. Durch ofters bewahrte Kunstgriffe deutlich aufgelofst, und alien der wahren Weifsheit nachforschenden ans helle Tagslicht gelegt. Frankfurt und Leipzig, zu finden im Kraufsischen Buchladen. 1771. 8°. Pp. [1-9] 10-230, 231-2 contain book advertisements. 4 woodcuts. [Another Copy.] Of this work Fictuld can only say that it con- for the sake of posterity the best fate for it is to be tains nothing but 'arch-sophistic lies,' and that burned. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 225. p. 646 (1703 edition). Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, ii. p. 91. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1493-94. LUMEN Apothecariorum. See QUIRICUS de Augustis, 1520, ii. f. i ; 1566, f. 143. LUMEN Juvenis Experti Novum. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 934. LUMEN Novum Chimicum. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). LUMEN Philosophorum. See LIGHT der Weltweisen. For alchemical writings on ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchernie, 1886, ii. p. 387, and see also under LUX. LUMIERE (La) sortant par soi-meme des Tenebres, poeme sur la Composition de la Pierre des Philosophes, traduit de 1'Italien avec un Commentaire. See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO). LUMIERE tiree du Cahos. Sec G * * (L.), 1784. LUMINARE Majus. See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOUUS). LUMINE (De) Nature. See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractetlein. 58 LUNA— LUX LUNA Compacta. See EINFALTIGER iedoch deutlicher und verhoffentlich niitzlicher Unterricht von der Luna compacta et fixa, 1715. For alchemical books bearing the name of the ' Moon,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390. LUST GARTLEIN. See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein. For alchemical books referring to 'Garden,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 375. LUX lucens in tenebris. See LUX in tenebris lucens. LUX obnubilata suapte natura refulgens. Vera de Lapide Philosophico Theorica, metro Italico descripta, et ab Auctore Innominate Comment! gratia ampliata. Pars Prima. Venetiis, M DC LXVI. Apud Alexandrum Zatta. Superiorum Permissu, & Priuil. 12°. Pp. [83, i blank] 216 [10]. See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO). This volume contains the three ' Canzoni ' of in Latin. It is a reprint of this book which is con- Crassellame in Italian, followed by a ' proemium,' tained in the GIN.&CEUM CHIMICUM following, and by the anonymous commentary on each stanza, LUX obnubilata suapte natura refulgens : vera de lapide Philosophico Theorica. See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 579. LUX in Tenebris Lucens. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Partiii. P-55- See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymias, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 169. See VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 3. See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, Pars iii. 1682, p. 142. See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 636. For alchemical books on ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 387. See also under LUMEN. M. (C. G.}-M. M. M. 59 M. (C. G.). See GEDANCKEN vom rechten Gebrauch der Naturweisheit, 1754. M. (D.). Drei Tractatlein. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 288. M. (D.). Erstes Tausend neuer Chymischer Versuche und Erfahrungen, so mit allem Fleifse angestellet und sorgfaltig aufgezeichnet worden von D. M. Leipzig bey Christian Gottlob Hilschern. 1768. 8'. Pp. [2] 452 [a]. Divided into 5 parts. Each 2 parts have a title-page, introduction, and index, but the paging is continuous: Erstes und zweytes Hundert, 1766, [i-n] 12-88 [89-96]. Drittes und viertes Hundert, 1767, [97-105] 106-176 [177-184]. Funftes und sechstes Hundert, 1767, [185-193] 194-270 [271-280]. Siebendes und achtes Hundert, 1768, [281-289] 290-368. Neuntes und zehntes Hundert, 1768, [369-381] 382-452 [453-462]. Fiinftes und sechstes Hundert neuer Chymischer Versuche und Erfahrungen, so mit allem Fleifse angestellet und sorgfaltig aufgezeichnet worden von D. M. Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilschern. 1767. 8°. Pp. [9] 194-270 [10]. Another copy of the same parts in the preceding. M. (E. C. D.). Uber allgemeine Arzneien. See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 291. The initials D.M. possibly stand for Doctor Medicinae. M. (M.). See MEURDRAC (MARIE). M. M. M. Felix Puerpera seu Observationes Medicae, circa Regimen Puerperarum & Infantium recens natorum, ad. Cl. Virum D. D. Drelincurtium per M. M. M. Lugd. Batavor. Apud Petrum Vander Aa, M DC LXXXIV. 12°. Pp. [8] 40. 6o MA CH Y—MA CQ UER MACHY (JACQUES FRANCOIS DE). See DEMACHY (JACQUES FRANCOIS). He is entered under this heading by Baumer, and the following works by him are quoted : Insti- tuts de Chymie, Paris, 1766, 2 vols., 12° ; Precedes Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 1778, iii. p. 125. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42. chymiques rouge's methodiquement et definies, Paris, 1779 ; L'art du destillateur des eaux fortes, Paris, 1773. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 577 (the translation of Juncker's ' Elements of Chemistry '). MACQUER (PIERRE-JOSEPH). Dictionnaire de Chymie, contenant la Theorie et la Pratique de cette Science, son application a la Physique, a 1'Histoire naturelle, a la Medecine, & aux arts dependans de la Chymie. Par M. Macquer, Docteur en medecine de la faculte de Paris, de 1'academie des sciences, de la socidte royale de medecine, professeur de chymie au Jardin du roi, &c. Nouvelle edition, corrige'e & augmentee. Tome Premier. En Suisse, Chez les Libraires Associe"s. M.DCC.LXXIX. 8°. Pp. xxviij. 580. Tome Second. 8°. Pp. [2] 654 (655 not numbered) and i blank. Tome Troisieme. Seconde edition, revue & consideYablement augmentee. A Paris, chez P. Fr. Didot jeune, Libraire de la Faculty de Medecine, Quai des Augustins. M.DCC.LXXVIII. Avec approbation, & Privilege du Roi. 8°. Pp. [4] 520. Tome Quatrieme. En Suisse Macquer is said to have sprung from a Scottish catholic family which removed to France on account of its religion and adherence to the Stuarts. He was born at Paris, 9 Oct., 1718, and had a younger brother, Philip, who was trained as a lawyer but devoted himself to history and literature. Pierre on the other hand studied science and medicine, in which he graduated in 1742, but he did not practice, and occupied himself entirely with chemistry, which he pursued under Rouelle, and which he was one of the first to deal with as a science, apart from its application to pharmacy and the arts. Nevertheless he did not neglect chemical technology, for he specially studied the dyeing of silk, and was appointed by Louis XV. to super- intend the manufacture of porcelain at Sevres, and in 1750 to perform the chemical examination of certain remedies said to be new, which were to be sold to the government. He was admitted to the Academy of Sciences in 1745, and succeeded Bourdelin as professor of chemistry in the Jardin des Plantes. He was member of the Academies of Stockholm and Turin, of the Society of Physicians, Paris, 'royal censor,' and 'doctor regens' of the medical faculty of Paris. He died on the 15 (18) Feb., 1784, and as he himself wished an autopsy, it was found that the aorta was ossified, and that in the cavities of the heart were stony concretions which had caused him untold suffering for a long time. Macquer's researches are numerous, varied, and original. Though he worked just before the oxygen period he seems to have been conscious of the defects of the phlogistic hypothesis, and some ot his work has a bearing upon the later development. In 1771 he first witnessed the combustion of the diamond, he wrote memoirs on alumina in 1758 M.DCC.LXXX. Pp. [4] 776. and 1762, examined sulphate of calcium, sulphate of ammonium, and sulphate of magnesium. In 1746 he demonstrated the metallic character of arsenic, and later described potassium arseniate ; he investigated zinc, the oxidation of tin and of silver, the volatilization of gold, the properties of platinum, the solubility of india rubber (in 1768), and the composition of milk. He made researches on the solubility of salts in alcohol, showed that the sulphates are much less soluble than the nitrates and chlorides, and that in general alcohol dissolves those salts most readily in which the acids are less firmly combined, an adumbration of some recent views. He wrote books on pharmacy, a Dictionnaire portatif des Arts et Metiers, 1766, 8°, 2 vols. ; Manuel du Naturaliste, 1770, 8° ; L'Art de la Teinture en Soie, 1763, fol. ; in German, Leipzig, 1779. 8°. Elemens de chimie theorique, 1741, 12 ; 1749, 12° ; 1753, 1756, 12° ; in German, Leipzig, 1752. Elemens de chimie pratique, 1751, 12°; 1756, 12°. The two together in English, 1758, 8° ; German, 1768, 8° ; Dutch, 1773, J775> 8° ; Russian by Kosma Florinskie, 1774, 8°, pp. 428 ; with 4 plates, 2nd part, 1775. His chief book was the dictionary, which may be regarded as the first scientific work of its class. Dictionnaire de chymie, Paris, Lacombe, 1766, 2 vols., 8° (this first edition was anonymous) ; 1776, 1778, 2 vols., 4°, or 4 vols., 8°; edited by H. Struve, Neuchatel, 1789, 5 vols., 8°. Danish, Copenhagen, 1771, 1772, 8°. German, with observations by C. W. Poerner, Leipzig, 1768, 3 parts, 8° ; second French edition, translated into German by J. G. Leonhardi, with additions and remarks, Leipzig, 1781-83, 6 vols., 8° ; and edition, Leipzig, 1788-1791, 7 vols., 8°. MA CQ UER—MA GA/JN 61 MACQUER (PIERRE-JOSEPH). Continued. English, by Keir, London, 1777, 3 vols., 8° (translated from the anonymous first French edition). Italian, by Scopoli, Pavia, 1783, i.-vi. ; 1784, vii.-ix., 8°. Scopoli's observations were incorporated by Leonhardi in his second edition, Leipzig, 1788-91 ; Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 384, 410. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 318. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 375. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 126. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782,^. 37. Histoire de la Socictf royale de Mtdecine, Paris, 1782-3, pp. 69-94. Journal de mtdecine militaire, Paris, 1784, iii. PP- 387-396- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 548- 550, 687-688 (list of his works) ; 1799, iii. pp. 30, 34, 39, &c., &c. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. pp. 100-106. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 32, 36, 72, 73, 75, 80, 89, 91, 99, 106, 123, 162, 165, 166. Vicq-d'.\zyr, Eloges Historiques, An. xiii.-i8o5, i. pp. 277-303. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 283, 293, 306, 310, 315, 363, 369, 516, &c., &c. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 325. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 83. Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxii. s.v. new edition, Leipzig, 1792, 8°, pp. 1008 ; Leipzig, 1809, 8°. Third edition, entirely revised by Dr. Jeremias Benjamin Richter, Leipzig, 1806, 1807. From 1768 to 1776 Macquer acted as editor of the section of the Journal des Savants relating to medicine and surgery, natural history, anatomy, chemistry and pharmacy, and physics. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 145. Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 76 ; n.d. xxv. p. 658 (by Cadet Gassicourt). Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp. 295-301. QueYard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 418. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• PP- 393- 394 ; 1869, ii. pp. 385-386, 530. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, '• PP- 22°* 224, &c., &c. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicak, 1855, »• p. 430. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855. P- 634- Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1863, xxxii. col. 595 (by H. Fisquet). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischts Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 7. Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1870, iii. p. 630. Barbier, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes, 1872, i. col. 959, d. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 89. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 89, 250 (Macquer's attitude towards alchemy]. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 494. MADATHANUS (HENRICUS). Aureum Seculum Redivivum. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 53- See MYNSICHT (HADRIAN A). The above is a pseudonym of Hadrian a Myn- sicht, as is said in Keren Happuch, and also in the British Museum Catalogue. Borel, however, includes only this work by Madathanus, and makes no allusion to Mynsicht at all. The book appeared in German with the title: Aureum seculum redi- vivum, das ist : die uhralte entwichene giildene Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 149. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 492. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 91. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 47 (he quotes the above from the 1677-78 edition of the Miisteum Hermeti- Zeit, 1621, 8°, and it was included in the collection by Condeesyanus or Grasshoff, Dyas Chymica Tripartita, 1625, pp. 67-87, and in Latin in the previous editions of the Musaum Hermeticum, 1625, pp. 75-99 ; and 1677-8. pp. 53-72. Konig quotes the above book but misnames the author ' Madanathus," and refers to Mynsicht. cum, and calls the author ' Madastanus ' and ' Madasthanus,' but identifies him with Mynsicht). Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 114, 117. Murr, Ober den wakren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 58. L,adra.gue,ffiMiotMgue Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1255 (entered under Mynsicht). MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie. Tubingen bey Jakob Friedrich Heerbrandt. 1784. 8°. Pp. xxxi [i] 392. Erster Band. Zwerter Band. 1787. 8°. PP- [32] 376. MA GAZIN—MAIER MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie. Continued. The two volumes contain the following tracts : Vol. I. I. Ueber die allgemeine Auflosungsmittel von D. Rud. Job. Fried. Schmid, p. i. II. Geschichte des Feuer-wassers und hollischen Feuers nebst einigen damit angestellten Versuchen von Joh. Wilh. Agricola, p. 217. III. Eine Perle den Schweinen vorgeworfen, das ist, der Stein der Weisen in seinen mathematischen Anfangen der Welt vorgelegt, p. 277. IV. Ueber allgemeine Arzneien. Vor Liebhaber philosophischer Wahrheit. Durch E. C. D. M., p. 291. V. Carl Fried. Zimmermanns Gedanken von der Uebereinstimmung, welche an etlichen Sazen aus der wahren Alchemic mit verschiedenen im Mineral- reich sich erzeigenden Umstanden zu bemerken ist. p. 355, Nebst Dessen Gedanken iiber die magische und medi- cinalische Steine, p. 386. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596. Vol. II. 1. Das Goldene Vliefs, Oder von der Moglichkeit der Verwandlung der Metalle. Von dem Prof. Creuling (sic, for Creiling), p. i. 2. Der alchemische Wegweifser, p. 177. 3. Ausziige aus denen vier Schriften : 1. Lumen de Lumine von Eug. Philaletha, p. 265. 2. Antroposophia Theomagica von eben diesem, p. 301. 3. Philosophische Brieftasche von einem Ungenannten, p. 319. 4. Wasserstein der Weifsen, p. 365. nebst noch zweien Traktatlein 1. von Johann von Mesung. 2. Via Veritatis. These last two tracts do not appear in this copy. uvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 628. MAGIA Naturalis. See GEHEIME UNTERREDUNGEN zwischen zweyen vertrauten Freunden, Magia Naturalis, 1722. von MAGISTERIO. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. MAGNI (De) lapidis compositione & operatione. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5. MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator. Quo Hermetis Discipuli, Magnfque Scrutatores Operis omnia ad suum laborem necessaria, clarissime explicata invenient. Tractatus contentos proxima indicat pagina. Genevae, Apud Samuelem De Tournes. M.DC.LXXXVIII. 12°. Pp. [2] [1-8] 9-490 [9] [i blank]. Engraved plate of apparatus, p. 302. Portrait of Hermes Trismegistus on the title-page. The tracts in this volume are as follows : Pretiosissimi Arcani Arcanorum et Philosophorum Magisterii Verissima ac Purissima Revelatio. De Transmutatione Metallorum : in qua dicta obscura Philosophorum optimfe ac clarissime deteguntur. Recens in lucem edita a quodam Philosopho Anonymo, p. i. Opus Philosophicum quod Opus lovis nuncupatur, cum aliis Operibus Particularibus De Transmuta- tione Metallorum, p. 305. Liber de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum explicatione, in quibus totum Opus Philosophicum continetur, p. 369. Reverendissimi Archipresbyteri Magistri Antonii de Abatia Epistolas Duse, Scrutatoribus Artis Chymicze mandatae, p. 421. Annotationes in duas Epistolas . . . Antonii de Abatia, p. 473. Arcanum a quodam Philosopho anonymo de- ductum, p. 483. MAHLER (JOHANN ANDREAS). See LEMERY (NICOLAS), 1709. He was Respondens for a dissertation with Fr. cum cautelis, Halae Magdeburgicae, Typis Johanni Hoffmann as Proeses: Dissertatio medica inauguralis Gruneri [1705], 4°, ff. 18. tradens praxin clinicam et compendiosam febrium, MAIER (MICHAEL). Atalanta Fugiens, hoc est, Emblemata Nova de Secretis Naturae Chymica, Accommodata partim oculis & intellectui, figuris cupro incisis, adjectisque MAIER 63 MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. sententiis, Epigram matis & notis, parti m auribus & recreationi animi plus minus 50 Fugis Musicalibus trium Vocum, quarum duae ad unam simplicem melodiam distichis canendis peraptam, correspondeant, non absq; singular! jucunditate videnda, legenda, meditanda, intelligenda, dijudicanda, canenda & audienda : Authore Michaele Majero Imperial. Consistorii Comite, Med. D. Eq. ex. &c. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus Job. Theodori de Bry, M DC XVIII. 4°. Pp. 211 [3, 2 blank]. Title within an engraved border. Portrait of Maier. 50 engraved emblematic pictures, with an ' epigramma,' each of which is set to music. For a later edition, see ' Scrutinium Chymicum,' 1687. Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Cbymisches Cabinet, derer grossen Geheimnussen der Natur, durch wohl ersonnene sinnreiche Kupfferstiche und Emblemata, auch zu mehrerer Erleuchterung und Verstand derselben, mit angehefften sehr dienlich- und geschickten Sententien und Poetischen Uberschrifften, dargestellet und ausgezieret. Welches, nach- deme es wegen vieler darinn entdeckten raren Geheimnussen und Erlauterung der Philosophischen Subtilitaten, von verschiedentlichen hocherleuchtenden und zu grossen Kiinsten sich applicirenden Liebhabern zum 6'ffteren begehret und verlanget worden ; Der Chymischen Republic und dero Liebhabern, zur Speculation, Betracht- und Untersuchung aus wohlmeinender Veneration und Liebe zum zweyten mahl in der Lateinischen Sprach ausgefertiget, vor jetzo aber zum ersten mahl in das Hochteutsche iibersetzet ist; von G. A. K. der Philosophischen Kiinsten Liebhabern. Deme beygefiiget ist, eine Application des Hohen Lied Salomonis, auff die Universal-Tinctur der Philosophorum. Franckfurt, Verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Anno 1708. 4°. Pp. [4] 153 [i blank]. 50 emblematic engravings. This is a German translation of the Scrutinium Chymicum. Examen Fucorum Pseudo-Chymicorum Detectorum et in Gratiam Veritatis Amantium succincte refutatorum. Authore Michaele Maiero, Com. Pal. Eq. Ex. Med. D. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni, sumptibus Theodori de Brij, Anno M.CDXVII. 4°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. Vignette. Lusus Serius, quo Hermes sive Mercurius Rex Mundanorum Omnium sub Homine existentium, post longam disceptationem in Concilio Octovirali habitam, homine rationali arbitro, judicatus & constitutus est. Authore Michaele Majero Com. Pal. Med. D. Horat. Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci. Oppenheimii Ex Chalcographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus Lucae Jennis Bibliop. 1616. 4°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Vignette. [Another Copy.] 64 MAIER MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. In this copy the date has been altered. It was an edition, Oppenheim 1619 ; but I doubt if one originally 1616, but the top of the 6 has been exist apart from that of 1616. scraped out and a tail has been added with a pen, There is an edition, Francofurti, 1617, 4° ; a so that it appears to be 1610. German translation : Frankfurt, 1615 (?), 8°, and This alteration from 1616 to 1619 seems to have 1625 ; an English translation by J. de la Salle : been done systematically; I have seen another Lusus Serius, or Serious Passe-time, London, 1654, copy with the date altered, and Schmieder quotes 12°, pp. [8J 139 [i blank]. Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Secretions Naturae Secretorum Scrutinium Chymicum, per oculis et intellectui accurate accommodata, figuris cupro appositissime incisa, ingeniosissima Emblemata, bisque confines, & ad rem egregie facientes sententias, doctissimaque item Epigrammata, illustratum. Opusculum ingeniis altioribus, & ad majora natis, ob momenta in eo subtilia, augusta, sancta, rara, & alioqui nimium quantum abstrusa, quam maxime expetitum, desideratum ; Iterata vice amplissimaa Reipublicse Chymicae Bono & Emolumento, non sine singulari jucunditate legendum, meditandum intelligendum, dijudicandum, depromptum. Franco- furti, Impensis Georgii Henrici Oehrlingii, Bibliopolae. Typo Johannis Philippi Andrese. M.DC.LXXXVII. 4°. Pp. [8] 150 [2 blank]. 50 symbolical engravings. This is a reprint of Atalanta Fugiens, The portrait, the omission of the music, and of the differences in this edition are the alteration of the ' Epigramma Authoris' and ' Epistola dedicatoria. ' title, the omission of the engraved title and Maier's Silentium post Clamores, hoc est, Tractatus Apologeticus, quo causae non solum clamorum seu Reuelationem Fraternitatis Germanicae de R. C. sed & Silentii, seu non redditae ad singulorum vota responsionis, vna cum malevolorum refutatione, traduntur & demonstrantur, scriptus Authore Michaele Maiero Imperialis Consistorij Comite, Eq. Ex. Phil. & Med. D. Francof. Apud Lucam lennis. M.DC.XVII 8°. Pp. 142 [2 blank]. Vignette. This was translated into German, Franckfurt, pp. 236 [4 blank]. At p. 101 begins a reprint of 1617, 8°, pp. 190 [2 blank]. The second edition Themis Avrea, with a separate title-page, 1624. of the Latin was published at Frankfurt, 1622, 8°, Symbola Aureae Mensae Duodecim Nationum. Hoc est, Hermsea seu Mercurii Festa ab Heroibus duodenis selectis, artis Chymicae vsu, sapientia & authoritate Paribus celebrata, ad Pyrgopolynicen seu Aduersarium ilium tot annis iacta- bundum, virgini Chemiae Iniuriam argumentis tam vitiosis, quam conuitiis argutis inferentem, confundendum & exarmandum, Artifices verb optime de ea meritos suo honori & famae restituendum, Vbi & artis continuatio & veritas inuicta 36. rationibus, & experientia librisque authorum plus quam trecentis demonstratur, Opus, vt Chemiae, sic omnibus aliis Antiquitatis & rerum scitu dignissimarum percupidis, vtilissimum, i2riibris explicatum & traditum, figuris cupro incisis passim adiectis, Authore Michaele Maiero Comite Imperialis Consistorii, Nobili, Exempto, Med. Doct. P.C. olim Aulico Caes. Francofurti Typis Antonij Hummij, impensis Lucse lennis. M.DC.XVII. 4°. Pp. [20] 621. Index [43], Portrait of the author, the same as in Atalanta Fugiens, 12 symbolical engravings. The title is enclosed in a border containing 12 medallion portraits of the chief alchemists of 12 Nations. Woodcut, p. 345. The MAIER 65 MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. portraits are of Hermes, Maria, Democritus, Morienus, Avicenna, Albertus, Arnoldus, Thomas Aquinas, Raymundus, Bacon, Melchior Cibinensis Ungarus, and Anonymus Sarmata, who is probably Sendivogius. (Compare the Viridarium, p. 39, where the Emblem is repeated. ) Tripus Aureus, hoc est, Tres Tractatus Chymici Selectissimi, nempe I. Basilii Valentini, Benedictini Ordinis monachi, Germani, Practica vna cum 1 2. clauibus & appendice, ex Germanico ; II. Thomse Nortoni, Angli Philosophi Crede Mihi seu Ordinale, ante annos 140. ab authore scriptum, nunc ex Anglicano manuscripto in Latinum trans- latum, phrasi cuiusque authoris vt & sententia retenta ; III. Cremeri cuiusdam Abbatis Westmonasteriensis Angli Testamentum, hactenus nondum publicatum, nunc in diuersarum nationum gratiam editi, & figuris cupro affabre incisis ornati opera & studio Michaelis Maieri Phil. & Med. D. Com. P. &c. Francofurti Ex Chalco- graphia Pauli lacobi, impensis Lucae lennis. Anno M.DC.XVIII. 4°. Pp. 196. A blank leaf between pp. 182-3 anc* a blank leaf at the end. Vignette, portrait, and 19 engravings. This collection was reprinted in the Musceum Hermeticum, 1749 (q.v.). Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali in triviis, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura. in Oceano Chymi- corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera- tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi Galleri. Sumptibus Joh. Theodori de Bry. M.DC.XVIII. 4°. Pp. 136 [misprint for 138] [2 blank]. The title is surrounded by an engraved border, with Maier's portrait in the centre at the top, a landscape at the bottom, and the gods and goddesses representing the seven metals in compartments along the sides. Seven symbolic engravings in the text. Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali in trivijs, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura in Oceano Chymi- corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera- tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Rothomagi, Sumpt. loannis Berthelin, in area Palatij. Anno M.DC.LI. 8°. Pp. 224, Engraved title included. 7 engravings. Vignette. Michaelis Meyeri, D. Viridarium Chymicum, das ist : Chymisches Lust- Gartlein, in sich begreiffend etlich und fiinffzig Philosophische Sinnenbilder, deren Beschreibung in teutsche Reimen gefasset, durch einen Liebhaber deren Wissenschafft. Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey Herman von Sand. M DC LXXXVIII. Oblong 8°. Pp. 112. Title; preface pp. 3-6; p. 7, blank; p. 8, verses; p. 9, copper plate engraving, and thereafter verses on the verso and engraving on the recto of each page. Compare Stolcius de Stolcenberg's book. II. £ 66 MAIER MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. Aenigma. See BOREL (PIERRE), Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 275. Subtilis Allegoria super Secreta Chymiae. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 701. Treuhertzige Warnungs-Vermahnung, ... an alle wahre Liebhaber der Natur- gemafsen Alchymiae transmutatoriaa. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FREDERICK), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 289. See THARSANDER, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 95. Tripus Aureus. See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 373- Maier was born at Rensburg in Holstein about 1568. After graduating as doctor of medicine he lived at Rostock, then at Prague, was physician to the Emperor Rudolph II., and in 1619 to the Landgrave Moritz of Hesse ; he was also a Pfalz- graf and private secretary to the emperor. In 1620 he was at Magdeburg, where he died in 1622, in his 53rd or 54th year. He was a keen alchemist and defender of the Rosicrucians, and a voluminous writer. He had the reputation of being the most learned amongst the chemists of his time. Little account of him, however, is made by Schmieder, Kopp, and others. In addition to the above he published the follow- ing books : Arcana Arcanissima, s. 1. eta. , 4°, pp. [12] 285 [i blank, 14]. Cantilenas Intellectuals de Phcenice redivivo, Rostochii, 1622 ; Chansons . . . sur la resurrection du Phenix, Paris, 1758, 12°, pp. [8] 129 [i blank], Latin and French. Civitas Corporis Humani, Francofurti, DCXXI. (sic), 8°, pp. 216. De Circulo Physico Quadrate, Oppenheim. , 1616, 4°, PP- 79 [i blank]. Examen Fucorum Pseudochymicorum, Francof., 1617, 4°, pp. 47 [i blank]. Jocus Severus, Franco?., 1617, 4°, pp. 76. Verum Inventum, hoc est, munera Germanise, Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. [16, i-io] 11-249 [i, 6 blank]. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, l637. P- 362. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 149-153, 267. Morhof, De Metallorum transmutatione ad . . . Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 84, 104, 146. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 496. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686. p. 817. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicomtm, 1731, II. i. p. 128. Jacob L^eupolds Prodromus Bibliottiecce Metallica, 1732, p. 96. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 100, 123 ; ii. pp. 169, 422, 434, 444 ; iii. p. 554. Kestner, Medtcinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- SOS- Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, Bd. ii. p. 253 (Th. ii. B. xvii, c. xviii. § 24) ; Bd. iii. A. p. 116, §3. Septimana Philosophia, Francof., 1620, 4°, pp. [36] 228 [52]. Folding plate. Themis Aurea, Francof. , 1618, 8°, p. 192 ; 2nd edition, 1624, along with ' Silentium post cla- mores (q.v. ). The Rosicnician work : Tractates Post humus, sive Ulysses, Francofurti, 1624, 8°, pp. 274 [2 blank], was published after his death. It was short (pp. 41), but the editor added others on the same topic, and issued it as a kind of memorial volume. The other tracts are : Colloquium Rhodostauroticum, p. 43 ; Echo Colloquii Rhodostaurotici, p. 163 ; Christianas Religionis Summa per Joan. Diazium Hispanum, p. 203 ; Scholasterium Christianum, p. 217. So far as I have observed this is one of the rarest of Maier's works. Kopp mentions another work : Comitia philoso- phica, which I have not seen. De Volucri Arborea, Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. 180. Themis Aurea, English translation, London, 1656, 16°, pp. [30, 2 blank] 136. Echo Fraternitatis Rosea Cruets, Dantisci, 1616, 8°, has been ascribed to him. A good deal of the interest of Maier's books now turns upon their symbolical illustrations by De Bry, apart from the treatment of the subject of alchemy and Rosicrucianism. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 384, 477 ; iii. pp. 47, 48, 225-230, 284. Moller, Cimbria literata, Havniae, 1744, i. pp. 376-380. Vogt, Catalogus Historico-Criticits I.ibrorum Rariorum, Ed. 3*, 1747, p. 430. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 329 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1106. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, pp. 366-67. Guil. Francois De Bure, Bibliographie instructive, 1764, Volume . . . des Sciences et Arts, Nos. 1912- 1924 (gives a list of fourteen of his works). Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 425. Haller, Bibliotheca. Medicince practices, 1777, ii. pp. 470, 498. Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Kesenkreutxts, Leipzig, *783. PP- 61-63. MAIER—MAL VASIA biography, a list of his principal works, and a dis- cussion on the Rosicrucians). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 353. Nouvellc Biographic G£nerale, 1863, xxxii. col. 862. L>adra.gue,BidIio/Atyue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1127. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in. Osterreich, 1883, p. 18. H. Peters, Aus pharmazeutischer Vorzeit in Bild nnd Wort, 1886, p. 205. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220 ; ii. pp. 8, 220, 323, 339, 341, 350, 354, 366-370, 375, 381, 382, 384- Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Ltxicon, 1897, xi. p. 67 (article by S. M. J^rgensen). MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 520, 601, 603. Beckmann, Beyirage sur Geschichte der Erfin- dungen, 1792, iii. p. 458 ; English translation, 1814, iv. p. 577- Gmzim, .Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 516. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 28, 34- 44-45, 57- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 138. Biographie Mtdicalc, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 236. Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 231 ; n.d. xxvi. p. 113 (article by Weiss, contains a short MAISNER (DANIEL). See NORTON (THOMAS). MALDINY (JOANNES JACOBUS DE). Joannis Jacob! de Maldiny Equitis Pedemontani, Sacra Regise Maj. Danicae et Norweg. Consiliarii, Mirabilia Mundi, sive de Scientiarum Artiumque omnium Origine et Progressu Tractatus, in quo perutilia reserantur Arcana Mathe- matica, Mechanica, Physica, Medica et Chymica. Accesserunt insuper rara, certa, elaborataque Arnoldi De Villanova Experimenta, usque ad nonum Artis Chymicae Opus, Authoris usu et annotationibus illustrata. Cum elegantibus manupictis Figuris. Augustse Vindelicorum, Sumptibus Joannis Jacobi Lotteri, Hseredum, Anno 1754. 8°. Pp. [12] 135 [5]. 2 folding plates. Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, 1888, N.S. i. p. 329. MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE). Extractum e Tractatu super Epitaphio Bononise . . . insculpto. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 717. The work of which the above is an excerpt has the following title : Aelia Laelia Crispis non nata resurgens in es- positione legal! Co: C'aroli Caesaris Malvasiae V. I. ac. Sac. Paginae Doct. Colleg. necnon in patrio Archigymnasio horis vespertinis ordinarii legum Interpretis Primarii illustrissimo viro Domino D. loanni Baptistae Colbert dicata. Bononiae, Typis HH. Dominici Barberii, 1683, Superiorum permissu. Expensis losephi Antonii Davici de Turrinis. 4°, pp. [24, including the en- graving of the stone], 196. He gives a list of those who have attempted inter- pretations of the /Enigma, beginning with Marius Michael Angelus and Richardus Vitus Basin- stochius down to Petrus Hercules Belloius, forty- three in all, the text of the inscription with the various readings which occur in the versions given by the different interpreters, and then an elaborate exposition of the inscription supported by numer- ous illustrations taken from other Roman inscrip- tions. His solution of the puzzle is that it is an epitaph on a girl who died before her birth, and who had been promised in marriage to the author of the inscription. Carlo Cesare, Marquis of Malvasia, was born at Bologna, 18 Dec., 1616. He studied law, medicine, philosophy and divinity, and sustained theses on these subjects, was a canon of the Cathedral and professor of law in the University, and a member of various literary societies. All his life he made a study of the history of art, and one of his most important books is on this subject : Felsinapittrice, vite de Pit tori Bolognesi, Bologna, 1678, 2 vols., 4°; Bologna, 1841, 2 vols., 8°. He also collected the inscriptions found in Bologna and its neighbourhood, and published them in a work entitled Marmora Felsinea, Bologna, 1690, 4°. Possibly the sElia Leelia Crispis inscription, which was found in the house of the senator Volta, and was believed by Malvasia to be ancient, though others did not accept it as Roman, may have been an outcome of his palreographical pursuits. He wrote another small work Pitture di Bologna, Bologna, 1732, 12°, edited after his death by Zanotti, and a number of books on law, letters, poems, etc., which remain in manuscript and are mentioned by Orlandi. Malvasia died at Bologna, 10 March, 1693. 68 MAL VASIA-MANGET MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE). Continued. Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus el Nova, 1678, p. 500. Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, Noiizie degli Scrit- tori Bolognesi e delt opere loro stampate c mano- scritte, Bologna, 1714, 4°, p. 80. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 74 ('Malvasius, in Epita- phium '). Luigi Crespi, Vite de Pittori Bolognesi non descritte nella Felsina Pittrice, Roma, 1769, pp. 1-15 ('Vita del Conte Carlo Cesare Canonico Malvasia,' with a portrait). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortzetsung und Erganznngen, 1813, iv. col. 525. Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 417 ; n.d. xxvi. p. 291. Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice, ed. Giampietro Zan- otti, Bologna, 1841, Tomoi. pp. ix. -xviii. (a reprint of Luigi Crespi's. ' Vita,' quoted above, with a por- trait of Malvasia as frontispiece to the volume). Nouvelle Biographic Gitnirale, 1863, xxxiii. col. 121. MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Jo. Jacob! Mangeti, Medicinae Doctoris, et Sereniss. ac Potentiss. Regis Prussiae Archiatri, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, seu Rerum ad Alchemiam perti- nentium Thesaurus Instructissimus : quo non tantum Artis Aurifewe, ac Scriptorum in ea Nobiliorum Historia traditur; Lapidis Veritas Argumentis & Experimentis innumeris, immb & Juris Consultorum Judiciis evincitur ; Termini obscuriores explicantur ; Cautiones contra Impostores, & Difficultates in Tinctura Universal! conficienda occurrentes, declarantur: Verum etiam Tractatus omnes Virorum Celebriorum, qui in Magno sudarunt Elixyre, quique ab ipso Hermete, ut dicitur, Trismegisto, ad nostra usque Tempora de Chryso- poea scripserunt, cum praecipuis suis Commentariis, concinno Ordine dispositi exhibentur. Ad quorum omnium Illustrationem additae sunt quamplurimae Figurae aeneae. Tomus Primus. Coloniae Allobrogum, Sumpt. Chouet, G. De Tournes, Cramer, Perachon, Ritter, & S. De Tournes. M.DCC.II. Folio in sixes. Pp. [20] 938. Title red and black. Portrait-leaf (damaged at one corner). 16 plates. Tomus Secundus. Oenevae, Sumpt. Chouet. . . . M.DCCII. Pp. [2] 904. Leaf of advertisements. 14 plates. Title black. The following are the titles of the tracts contained in Mangel's collection : Tomus I. Olaus Borrichius. De Ortu et Progressu Chemias Dissertatio (contains ' Elia Lelia Crispis,' p. 26), i. p. i. Olaus Borrichius. Conspectus Scriptorum Chemi- corum Celebriorum, i. p. 38. Athanasius Kircher. De Lapide Philosophorum Dissertatio, i. p. 54. Athanasius Kircher. De Alchymia Sophistica, i. p. 82. Salomon de Blauvenstein. Interpellatio brevis ad Philospphos pro Lapide Philosophorum contra Antichimisticum Mundum Subterraneum Athan- asii Kircheri Jesuilas, i. p. 113. Gabriel Clauder. Tractatus de Tinctura Vni- versali, ubi in specie contra R. P. Athanasium Kircherum pro existentia Lapidis Philosophici dis- putatur, i. p. 119. Daniel Georg Morhof. De Metallorum Trans- mutatione ad ... Toelem Langelottum Epistola, i. p. 168. Philippus Jacobus Sachs a Levvenheimb. Aurum Chymicum, i. p. 192. Joh. Fridericus Helvetius. Vilnius aureus quern mundus adorat et oral, in quo traclatur de raris- sim6 Naturae Miraculo Transmutandi Metalla, nempe quomodo lota Plumbi Substanlia, vel inlra momentum, ex quavis minima Lapidis veri Philo- sophici particula in Aurum obryzum coinmutata fuerit Hagae Comitis, i. p. 196. Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus. De lure Artis Alchemise, hoc est varipram Aulorum & proeserlim Jurisconsultorum Judicia & Responsa ad Qurestion- em, An Alchemia sit Ars Legilima, i. p. 210. Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum, i. p. 217. Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum. Liber Secundus, i. p. 275. Pelrus Joannes Faber. Manuscriptum . . . Res Alchymicorum obscuras extraordinaria perspicui- tate explanans, i. p. 291. Pelrus Joannes Faber. Epistolne aliquot, i. p. 304. Joannes Joachim Becher. Oedipus Chymicus, obscuriorum Terminorum & Principiorum Chymi- corum Mysteria aperiens el resolvens, i. p. 306. Theobaldus de Hoghelande. De Alchimias Difficultatibus Liber, in quo docelur, quid scire, quidque vitare debeat verse Chemise studiosus ad perfectionem aspirans, i. p. 336. Cato Chemicus, Tractalus quo verae ac genuinae Philosophise Hermeticas & fucatae ac sophisticae Pseudo-Chemiae, & ulriusque Magislrorum Char- aclerismi accurale delineanlur, i. p. 368. Hermes Trismegislus. Tabula Smaragdina. Cui titulus Verba Secretorum Hermetis Trisme- gisti W. Chr. Kriegsmanni & Gerard! Dornei Com- mentariis illustrata, i. p. 380. Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Testamentum, i. p, 389. MANGET 69 MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Hermes Trismegistus. Expositiones Dornei, i. p. 389. Hermes Trismegistus. Tractatus Aureus de Lapidis Physici Secret6, in septem Capitula divisus, cum Scholiis Anonymi, i. p. 400. Turba Philosophorum ex antiquo Manuscripto Codice excerpta, qualis nulla hactenus visa fuerat editio, i. p. 445. In Turbam Philosophorum Sermo unus Anonymi, i. p. 465. Allegorise Sapientum supra Librum Turbae Philo- sophorum XXIX Distinctiones, i. p. 467. Turbae Philosophorum aliud exemplar, i. p. 480. Allegoriae super librum Turbae, i. p. 494. /Enygma ex visione Arislei Philosophi & Alle- goriis Sapientum, i. p. 495. Exercitationes in turbam Philosophorum, i. p. 497- Artephius. Liber qui Clavis majoris Sapientia: dicitur, i. p. 503. Calid. Liber de Compositione Alchemiae quern edidit Morienus Romanus, Calid Regi ^Egyptiorum; quern Robertus Castrensis de Arabicd in Latinum transtulit, i. p. 509. Geber. Summa Perfectionis Magisterii in sua natura, i. p. 519. Geber. Liber Investigations Magisterii, i. p. 558. Geber. Testamentum, i. p. 562. Joannes Braceschus. De Alchemia Dialogus veram et genuinam librorum Gebri sententiam explicans, i. p. 565. Joannes Gerhard us. Exercitationes perbreves in Gebri Arabis summi Philosophi libros duos Sum- ma; perfectionis, i. p. 598. Rogerius Baco. De Alchymia Libellus cui titu- lus Speculum Alchemiae, i. p. 613. Rogerius Baco. De Secretis operibus Artis & Naturae et de Nullitate Magiee Epistola (ad Guilielmum Parisiensem conscripta), i. p. 616. Avicenna. Tractatulus de Alchemia, i. p. 626. Avicenna. De Congelatione et Conglutinatione lapidum, i. p. 636. Aristoteles. De perfecto Magisterio Tractatus, i. p. 638. Aristoteles. Tractatulus de practica lapidis philosophici, i. p. 659. Arnaldus de Villanova. Thesaurus Thesauror- um & Rosarium Philosophorum, omnium Secre- tprum maximum secretum, de verissima composi- tione Naturalis Philosophiae qua omne diminutum reducitur ad solificum & lunificum, i. p. 662. Arnaldus de Villanova. Novum Lumen, i. p. 676. Arnaldus de Villanova. Perfectum Magisterium & Gaudium transmissum ad inclytum Regem Aragonum, quod quidem est Flos Florum, The- saurus omnium incomparabilis & Margarita, i. p. 679. Arnaldus de Villanova. Epistola super Alchemia ad Regem Neapolitanum, i. p. 683. Arnaldus de Villanova. Speculum Alchemiae, i. p. 687. Arnaldus de Villanova. Carmen, i. p. 698. Arnaldus de Villanova. Quaestiones tarn Essen- tiales quam accidentales ad Bonifacium Octavium cum suis Responsionibus, i. p. 698. Arnaldus de Villanova. Semita semitae, i. p. 702. Arnaldus de Villanova. Testamentum, i. p. 704. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum, & primum de Theorica, i. p. 707. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum. Pars Prac- tica super Philosophic© Lapide, i. p. 763. Joannes Gerhardus. Analysis Partis Practices Raymundi Lullii in Testamento, i. p. 778. Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Animae Transmutationis Artis Metallorum, Ruperto Ati- glomm Regi transmissum, i. p. 780. Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum novissimum, Carolo Regi dicatum, i. p. 790. Raymundus Lullius. Testamenti novissimi pars altera, i. p. 806. Raymundus Lullius. Elucidatio Testamenti, i. p. 823. Raymundus Lullius. Liber dictus Lux Mer- curiorum in quo explicatur quod in aliis Libris occultatum est, i. p. 824. Raymundus Lullius. Experimenta in quibus verae Philosophiae Chemicae Operationes clarissime traduntur, i. p. 826. Raymundus Lullius. Liber Artis Compendiosae quem Vademecum nuncupavit, i. p. 849. Raymundus Lullius, Compendii Animae Trans- mutationis Artis Metallorum aliud exemplar, i. p. 853. Raymundus Lullius. Epistola de Accurtatione Lapidis Benedict! missa Anno 1412. Roberto Anglorum Regi, i. p. 863. Raymundus Lullius. Liber Potestas Divitiarum dictus, in quo optima expositio Testamenti Hermetis continetur, i. p. 866. Raymundus Lullius. Claviculaquae&Apertorium dicitur, in qua omnia quae in opere Alchemiae requiruntur, aperte declarantur, i. p. 872. Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Artis Al- chemiae et Naturalis Philosophiae, i. p. 875. Raymundus Lullius. Tractatus de Lapide et Oleo Philosophorum, i. p. 878. Raymundus Lullius. Codicillus, seu Vademecum & Cantilena in quo fontes Alchemicae Artis, ac Philosophiae reconditioris uberrime traduntur, i. p. 880. Joannes Braceschus. Lignum Vitse, seu Dialogus ex Italicd in Latinum versus a G. Gratorolo Physicd, quo Raymundi Lulli Scripta explicantur, i. p. 911. Liber Mutus Alchemiae Mysteria filiis Artis nudis figuris, evidentissime aperiens (15 plates), i. p. 938. Tomus II. Petrus Bonus. Margarita pretiosa novella, ii. p. i. Joannes de Rupescissd. Liber Magisterii de con- fectione veri Lapidis Philosophorum, ii. p. 80. Joannes de Rupescissa. Liber Lucis, ii. p. 84. Rosarium Philosophorum, ii. p. 87. Rosarii Philosophorum aliud Exemplar . . . per Toletanum Philosophum maximum, ii. p. 119. Rosarium Abbreviatum Ignoti, ii. p. 133, Guido de Montanor. Scala Philosophorum, ii. P- 134- Clangor Buccinae, ii. p. 147. Correctio Fatuorum, ii. p. 165. Marsilius Ficinus. Liber de Arte Chemica, ii. p. 172. Calid Filius Jaici. Liber Secretorum Artis, ii. p. 183- Kalid Rex. Liber Trium Verborum, ii. p. 189. Merlinus. Allegoria, ii. p. 191. Thesaurus Philosophiae, ii. p. 192. Aurelia Occulta cum Semoris Zadith Tractatulo de Chemia, ii. p. 198. Consilium Conjugii, seu de Massa Solis & Lunae Libri III., ii. p. 235. Richardus Anglicus. Libellus utilissimus ir«pi eio?, cui titulum fecit Correctorium, ii. p. 266. MANGE T MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Georgius Ripleus, Liber Duodecim Portarum, ii. p. 275. Thomas Northon. Tractatus Crede Mihi, seu Ordinale dictus, ii. p. 285. Joannes Dausten. Rosarium arcanum Philoso- phorum Secretissimum, ii. p. 309. Dialogus inter Naturam & filium Philosophise, ii. p. 326. Dionysius Zacharias. Opusculum Chemicum, ii. P- 336. Nicolaus Flamellus. Cpmmentarius in Dionysii Zacharii Opusculum Chemicum, ii. p. 350. Collectanea ex Democrito, ii. p. 361. Nicolaus Flamellus. Tractatus brevis, seu Sum- marium Philosophicum, ii. p. 368. Joannes Aurelius Augurellus. Chrysopoeia, & Vellus Aureum, seu Chrysopoeia major & minor, ii. p. 37i- Nathan Albineus. Carmen Aureum, ii. p. 387. Nathan Albineus. ^inygma, ii. p. 388. Bernardus Trevisanus Liber de Secretissimo Philosophorum opere Chemico, ii. p. 388. Hermes. Tabula Smaragdina, p. 389. Bernardus Trevisanus. Responsio ad Thoniam de Bonpnia, . . . super eddem Opere, ii. p. 399. Basilius Valentinus. Liber de magno Lapide Antiquorum Sapientum, ii. p. 409. Basilius Valentinus. Liber duodecim Clavium, ii. p. 413. Basilius Valentinus. De prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic}, ii. p. 421. Basilius Valentinus. Brevis Appendix & per- spicua repetitio aut iteratio in librum suum de Magno lapide Antiquissimorum, ii. p. 422. Gerardus Dorn. Congeries Paracelsicae Chemise de Transmutationibus Metallorum, ii. p. 423. Michael Sendivogius. Novum Lumen Chemi- cum, ii. p. 463. Michael Sendivogius. Parabola, seu ^Enigma Philosophicum, ii. p. 474. Michael Sendivogius. Dialogus Mercurii, Al- chemistae et Naturae, ii. p. 475. Michael Sendivogius. Tractatus de Sulphure, ii. p. 479. Michael Sendivogius. Apographus Epistolarum hactenus ineditarum super Chemia, ii. p. 493. Orthelius. Commentarius in Novum Lumen Chemicum Michaelis Sendivogii XII. figuris in Germania repertis illustratum, ii. p. 516. Guilielmus Trognianus. De lapide, ii. p. 530. Hydrolithus Sophicus, seii Aquarium Sapientum, »• P- 537- Joannes Franciscus Picus Mirandulaa Dom. Opus Aureum de Auro turn aestimando, turn con- ficiendo, turn utendo, ii. p. 558. Joannes Grasseus, alias Cortalasseus. Area Arcani artificiossimi de Summis Naturae Mysteriis, constructa ex Rustic6 ejus majore & minore, & Physica naturali rotunda, per visionem Cabalisticam descripta, ii. p. 585. Anonymus Discipulus Joannis Grassei. Mysteri- um Occultas Naturae ; DeduobusFloribusAstralibus Agricolas minoris in ejus Area Arcani Artificiosissimi contentis, ii. p. 619. d'Espagnet. Enchiridion Physicae restitutae, ii. p. 626. In these volumes Manget has classified the authors partly according to subject, partly chrono- logically. The first book contains the authors who have written the history of alchemy ; those who have written against or for it ; those who have given examples of transmutation ; those who have written on the difficulties of alchemy and its d'Espagnet. Arcanum Hermeticae Philosophise Opus in quo occulta Naturse & Artis circa Lapidis Philosophorum materiam & operandi modum, canonice & ordinate fiunt manifesta, ii. p. 649. Philaletha. Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, ii. p. 661. Philaletha. Tractatus de Metallorum Meta- morphosi, ii. p. 676. Philaletha. Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum Caelestem, ii. p. 686. Philaletha. Fons Chemicae Philosophiae, ii. p. 693- Joannes Ferdinandus Hertodt a Todtenfeldt. Epistola Contra Philaletham, ii. 697. Anonymi ad praecendentem Epistolam Responsio, ii. p. 699. Liber Praxeos Alchemic* cum Additionibus Libavii, ii. p. 700. Nicolaus Bernaudus a Crista Arnaudi Delphinas. In ^Enygmaticum quoddam Epitaphium Bononia: ante multa soscula marmoreo Lapidi insculptum, Commentariolus [Aelia Lnelia Crispis], ii. p. 713. Carolus Caesar Malvasius. Extractum e Tractatu super eodem Epitaphio conscripto, ii. p. 717. Pantaleon. Bifplium Metallicum, seu Medicina duplex pro Metallis et Hominibus infirmis . . . in- venta . . . , ii. p. 718. Pantaleon. Tumulus Hermetis apertus, ii. p. 728. Pantaleon. Examen Alchemisticum, ii. p. 736. Pantaleon. Disceptatio de Lapide Physico, in qua Tumbam Semiramidis ab Anonymo Phantastice non Hermetice sigillatam ; jam ver6 reclusam, si sapiens inspexerit ipsam, promissis Reguni Thesauris vacuam inveniet, ii. p. 744. Tumba Semiramidis Hermetice sigillata quam si sapiens aperuerit, non Cyrus ambitiosus, avarus, Regum ille thesauros divitiarum inexhaustos, quod sufficiat inveniat, ii. p. 759. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Tractatus de Liquore Alchaest, & Lapide Philosophorum, . . . item de Sale volatili tartari &c., ii. p. 764. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Metallorum ac Metal- licorum naturae operum ex Orthophysicis funda- mentis recens Elucidatio, ii. p. 781. Ludovicus de Comitibus. Appendix Symbolas Crucis aliqualem explicationem exhibens, ii. p. 840. Claudius Germain. Icon Philosophiae occultae, ii. p. 845. Christianus Adolphus Balduinus. Aurum su- perius & inferius Aurse Superioris & Inferioris Hermeticum, ii. p. 856. Melchior Friben. Brevis enumeratio hactenus a se in Chemia actorum, ii. p. 875. D. I. B. De Spiritu Mundi Positiones aliquot, ii. p. 876. Andreas Cnoffelius. Responsum ad Positiones de Spiritu Mundi, quod in se continet Reserationem Tumbas Semiramidis, ii. p. 880. Trames facilis & planus ad Auream Hermetis Arcem recta perducens, ii. p. 887. Daniel Stolcius de Stolcenberg. Hortulus Her- meticus e Flosculis Philosophorum cupro incisis conformatus, & brevissimis versiculis explicatus ; qu6 Chemise studiosi pro Philotheca uti, fessique Laboratoriorum ministri, recreari possint, ii. p. 895. language. Then follow the treatises from Hermes to Raymund Lully, with the Liber Mutus, which completes the first volume. The second volume contains authors from Lully down to Mangel's own time, the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the first volume there are 69 tracts, in the second there are 71. MANGE T— MANGOLD MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued. Mangel was born at Geneva, 19 June, 1652. His father was a wealthy merchant, and his uncle a physician of the King of Poland. To gratify his parents his studies were at first directed to divinity, but afterwards he taught himself medicine by pri- vate study and reading, graduated as doctor in 1678 at Valence, in Dauphine, and practised in his native place with great acceptance and success. He became dean of the Medical Faculty there, in 1699 the Elector of Brandenburg made him his first physician, and when he became king of Prussia, Mangel still conlinued lo hold Ihe posilion unlil his death. His literary work, in which he is said to have been helped by Daniel Leclerc, con- sisted chiefly in collecting and reprinling in large volumes irealises on medicine and surgery, and Ihese are valuable as works of reference lo books which eilher are now difficull lo oblain or which have disappeared. They are : Messis Medico-spagyrica, Colon. (? Genevae), 1683, fol. Bibliolheca analomica, Genevae, 1685, 2 vols. , fol. ; 1699, 2 vols., fol. ; London, 1711, 3 vols., 4°. Bibliolheca pharmaceutico-medica, Genev., 1704, 2 vols. , fol. Bibliotheca chirurgica, Genev., 1721, 4 vols., fol. Journal des Savans, 1703, pp. 499-504. Slolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicin- ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 343, 465, 494, 497, 540. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. pp. 217-257 (biography, and contents of his different books). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 1732, p. 97. (' Bibliotheca chemica curiosa,' iv. vols. fol., Genuae, 1695, 1702. It is in two volumes, and I have seen no other mention of a 1695 edilion.) Lenglel Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 2 ('Bibl. Scriplorum Medicorum '), 60 (' Bibl. Chemica Curiosa,1 wilh a reprint of the contenls). Me moires pour I' Histoire des Sciences &* des beaux Arts (Memoires de Tr^voux), 1743, Mars 1743. PP- 549-SSi- Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, in. col. 1 10 ; Rolermund's Fortsetzuns; und Ergdnzun- gen, 1813, iv. col. 570. Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 93. (Hor- lacher's abslract ; Fictuld condemns both, and laments the loss of time in compiling them.) More'ri, Lt Grand Dicfionnaire historique, 1759, vii. p. 159. Osmont, Dictionnaire typographique, 1768, i. p. 442. Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1772, ii. p. 72. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 803. Haller, Bibliotlieca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 520. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mldecine, 1778, iii. p. 150. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii. Bibliolheca scriptorum medicorum, 1731, 4 vols., fol. (This contains the whole of Mercklin's Lin- detiius renovatus, with reprints of biographical notices and reviews from a variety of sources, and addilional authors subsequent lo Mercklin's lime. This lasl seclion, however, is not so full as il mighl have been.) Bibliotheca medico-practica, Genev., 1695-98, 4 vols., fol. ; Ib. 1739, 4 vols., fol. Tbeatrum analomicum, Genev., 1716-1717, a vols., fol. He edited Ihe works of some olher writers on medical subjecls. The presenl work is the largest of the collections of chemical aulhors, and ihough il conlains a num- ber of works which had already been prinled in Zelzner's Theatrum chemicum, il conlains a great number of olhers which Zelzner did not reprint. The originals of many of Ihe trealises are now exlremely scarce, so thai for hislorical reference Mangel's collection is indispensable. The only drawback under which it labours is thai Ihe lexl as prinled differs sometimes from that of other editions. Mangel died al Geneva, 15 (25) Augl., 1742, in his 9151 year, wilhout having had a day's illness during his lifetime. p. 603 ( ' aliqua mecum adfinitate conjunclus, magnus collector '). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 2. Jean Senebier, Histoire litttraire de Geneve, Geneve, 1786, ii. pp. 316-18. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 255. 3°o, 371, 480. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, u. p. 122. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxi. p. 236. Biographic Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 173. Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 486; n.d. xxvi. p. 340 (article by Weiss). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 513. Que'rard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 488. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 509. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. P- 51- Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 588. Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrak, 1863, xxxiii. col. 201. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 538. (Horlacher's abstract ; there is no copy of Ihe original work.) Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Midi- cales, 2eme SeYie, 1871, iv. p. 505. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 115 (article by Pagel). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 88 ; ii. p. 326, 340. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 578. Bibliotheca Chemico-Curiosa, D. Mangeti enucleata ac illustrata, 1707. See HORLACHER (CONRAD). MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS). Versuche mit Farben. See ALLGKMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 319. 72 MANGOLD— MANLIIS MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS). Continued. These experiments on colours, on cinnabar, etc., him that he studied himself to death. On the 29 were communicated to the Academy of Sciences at June, 1767, he took a fancy in the evening to write Mainz. a dissertation, and he worked at it through the Mangold was born at Erfurt in 1719, where he cold night till i o'clock in the morning ; at 9 o'clock began his studies. He became doctor of medicine, he was found unconscious, and his death took place assessor of the medical and philosophical faculties on 2 July, 1767. and of the Academy of Sciences at Erfurt, ordinary In 1761 he translated the first part of J. G. professor of anatomy, chemistry and philosophy Wallerius' Physical Chemistry from Latin into there, and a member of the Academy at Mont- German. The second part was translated by Chr. pellier. From Erfurt he went to Jena, and after- Ehr. Weigel, 1776, amended 1780. In 1748 at wards accompanied Count Gotter in his travels in Erfurt he published a volume in 4° : Chymische France. In 1751 he was professor at Frankfurt, Erfahrungen und Vortheile, and a continuation of where he was distinguished as a teacher and author, them at Arnstadt, 1749, 4°. This last contained a but his plans for the improvement of chemistry and refutation of Hieronymus Ludolph's dissertations : medicine were never carried out owing to his feeble Die in derMedicin siegende Chymie, Erfurt, 1743-50. health, and Rotermund adds that it can be said of Baldinger, Ehrengeddchtnifs des Prof. Mangolds, verstorbenen Teulschen Schrifsteller, 1808, viii. Jena, 1767, 4°. p. 455. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 433. Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten- Lexicon ; Roter- Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 39. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. Gmelin, Geschichtt der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 461, col. 574. 471, 472, 650 (list of his papers), 694. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 25), vi. p. 174. (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 4. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Med£- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 512. 1806-08, p. 296. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p, 116. MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho. Luminare maius. Cinthius vt totum radijs illuminat orbem. Illuminat latebras sic medicina tuas. Lumen Apothecariorum. Thesaurus Aromatariorum. Folio. Ff. 75. Tabula [2, blank leaf]. After the ' Tabula ' comes this Colophon : Impressum Venetijs ere ac sollerti cura heredum. q. domini Octauiani Scoti ciuis ac patricius Modoeciensis : & sociol|.. Anno a dominica incarnatione. 1520. Die. 23. Martij. followed by the Registrum & Scotus' device. Black letter. Double columns. Lumen Apothecariorum, ff. 1-24. Thesaurus Aromatariorum, ff. 25-64. The above colophon is repeated, f. 62 verso, with the Registrum and Scotus' device. Luminare Maius quondam elaboratissimis, loannis lacobi Manlii Alexandrini, Commentario, & Nicolai Mutoni Mediolanensis Appendicibus, locuples ; Nunc verb etiam luculentissima; lani Matthaei Durastantis Sanctoiustani expositione locupletius adeb redditum ; vt, quod illorum ope solis iam erat Pharmacopceis vtile, Nunc quidem huius opera sit etiam Medicis vtilissimum. Connexa prseterea sunt, tam Lumen Apothecariorum, quam Thesaurus Aromatariorum, cum dilucidissimis, illud Quirici Augusti, hie Pauli Suardi; Commentariolis. His demum accessere et copiosissimi Quatuor Indices, Primus, ac Secundus in Luminare ; Tertius in Lumen ; Vltimus in Thesaurum, adeb plane, examussim, affabreq; a Durastante facti ; vt ; nihil in Testibus ; nihil in, Commentario, Appendicibus, Expositione, & Commentariolis, sit legere ; quod ab eisdem Alphabetico digito non breuitur indiceter. Cum Privilegio. Venetiis, Apud Lucam Antonium luntam. Anno M D LXVI. Folio. Ff. [36] 1-142 ; Index [ioj 143-213, 214 blank. MANLI1S—MARBODAEUS 73 MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho. Continued. Colophon : Impressum Venetijs, in Officina Lucoe Antonij luntae. Anno a Salubernmo Virgineo Partu. M D LXVI. The Lumen Apothecariorum is by Quiricus de must light it up with Diogenes' lantern if one wishes Augustis de Dertona and the Tlusaurus Aroma- to enjoy a twinkle from it ; and in the note he adds tariorum by Paulus Suardus. that any one who turns over its leaves will see the According to the bibliographers this book passed truth of his observations, and will come across through many editions: Soec. XV. without place and concoctions of such a kind that he doubts if any date; Ven., without date; 1490; Pavia, 1494; Ven. one to-day(i73i) would black his boots with them ! 1496, 1499; 1501, 1503, 1506, 1517, 1549, 1551, 1556, The author, Joannes Jacobus Manlius, or de 1561, 1563, 1566, all in folio ; Lugdun. 1525, 1536, Manliis, with the addition, de Bosco or Boscho, in small folio. The 1520 edition is not mentioned, was an Italian physician, born at Alexandria, who An Italian version by Pietro Lauro, Venez. 1559, 4°. flourished in the fifteenth century. The best edition Haller makes no unfavourable remark on the of the Luminare is said to be that by Nic. Mutonus. book, and says it was not contemned by Cordus. He wrote also : Interpretatio simplicium secundum But Stolle is particularly severe on this much-prized rituni omcinarum, printed in Otto Brunfel's Her- Luininare, and says that even in full day light one barium Ntmum, Argent. 1531, fol. ii. nom. xi. Van der Linden, DC Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. 1637, p. 281. p. 471. Konig, Bibliotheca vet us et nova, 1678, p. 503. Panzer, Annales Typographic i, Norimbergae, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 614 1794, ii. p. 258, No. 98; 1795, iii. pp. 281, 1259; (adds a Libellus medicus variorum experimentorum, 387,2028; 453,2480; 1799, vii. pp. 369, 830; 1800, Bas. 8°). viii. pp. 407, 575 ; 1801, ix. pp. 301, 281 ; 328, Stolle, Anleitung zur Uistorie der Medicinischen 768 b ; 521. 567 c. Gelakrheit, 1731, pp. 769, 770. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 167. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Hain, Repertorium bibliographiciim^ 1831, II. i. p. 509. Nos. 10708-10713 (of the six editions Hain saw Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. only the last two, dated respectively 1496 and 1499). col. 115; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnz- Graesse, Trisor de Livres Rares, 1863, iv. p. 366. ungen, 1813, iv. col. 586. Nouvelle Biographic G£ndrale, 1863, xxxiii. col. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 238. 231 (from Rotermund). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 581. MANNA COELESTE. Auszug aus dem Lateinischen Manuscript, Manna Coeleste, das himmlische Manna genannt. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, P- 549- MANTISSA Chymica Spagyrica. See LEMERY (NICOLAS). MARBODAEUS. Marbodaei Galli Caenomanensis De gemmarum lapidumq; pretiosorum formis, naturis, atq; uiribus eruditu cu primis opusculu, sane q\ utile, cum ad rei medicae, tu scripturae sacrae cognitione ; nQc primu no mo cetu ferme uersib. locupletatu pariter & accuratius emedatu, sed & scholijs qq; illustratu p Alardu AEmstelredamu C Cuius studio E// iJMpydpirop ri addit^ sunt & praeci fito//. "Avofioif pU82 gernmap lapi aTSavra. Aa/i/?ave. dflqj ptiosop expli- En margaritu no- catides, ex uetustiss. bile, Erne si cupis qbusq; autoribu9 co- ditescere. actae. Cu scholijs Pi Rationale. Exodi ctorij Villingefi. 28 & 39. Leui. 8 Coloniae excudebat Hero Alopecius, Anno 1539. 74 MARBODAEUS MARBODAEUS. Continued. 8". Ff. 124 (misprint for 126) [a]. Ai and Aij are not numbered. Aiij numbered 3. Aiiij not numbered, AS numbered 5, Avj not numbered, Avij 7, Aviij not numbered, Bi numbered 9, and thereafter each leaf numbered to 124. The lower part of the title is occupied with a half-length representation of the Jewish high priest, whose breastplate is adorned with twelve stones arranged as in the following table. Smaragdus Leui 2 Topazius Simeon i Sardius Ruben 12 Beryllus Beniamin Carbucul9 luda 9 amethystus Aser 10 chrysolitus Nepthalim ii Onychirius loseph Saphirus Zabulon 6 laspis Isachar 7 Lincurius Dan 8 Achates Gad Marbodaeus, or Marbodus, was a native of Anjou; b. about 1035, he died at Angers, n Sept., 1123. He was bishop of Rennes and was the author of several works in prose and in verse. Pits makes him out to be a Welshman, who ulti- mately went to France. Leyser calls him an Englishman, but these statements are not correct. The poem on precious stones, which is the work by which he is remembered at the present day, must have been widely circulated. Upwards of sixty manuscripts of it are known, and there are translations in French, Provencal, Italian, Spanish, English, Irish, Danish, and other languages. This poem, revised by Joan. Cuspinianus, was first printed at Vienna in 1511. It was not known to Beaugendre, Fabricius, Lessing, and others, but it is described by Beckmann. It is contained in Marbodus' works printed at Rennes, by Johannes Baudouyn, for Johannes Mace, 1524, sm. 4 , a book so rare that Beckmann never saw it and Beaugendre could find only one copy in France. The copy I have came from the Sunder- land Library. The poem is on Dvi verso to Eii verso. Subsequent editions : Friburg (probably), 1531, small square 8°, A to G in eights, with the notes of Pictorius ; Paris, 1531, Christianus Wechelus, small square 8°, pp. no [a]; Cologne, J539 ({he present edition) ; Francof. 1540, in Cor- narius' edition of Macer's De materiel medico, libri 5 ; Basil. 1555, Marbodi Dactyliotlieca, and again in 1740 ; Witteberg. 1574, ed. Rantzovius ; with preface by Henricus Moller ; reprinted at Liibeck, J575. 8° I reprinted at Leipzig, 1585 (in these three editions the poem goes under the name of Evax) ; Lugd. Bat. 1695 and 1707 in Gorlseus Dactyliotheca, ed. Jac. Gronovius; Paris, 1708, the edition of Beaugendre, appended to his edition of Hildebert's works, in folio, pp. 1635-1690 ; Wolf- fenbuttel, 1740, 4°, pp. 84 ; Beckmann 's edition, Gottingen, 1799, 8°, pp. xxviii. 164. Beckmann gives a full account of the issues of the book and a critical edition of the text. Marbodaeus' poems are printed in Migne's Patrologia, vol. 171, and in Franz's edition of Pliny's Historia naturalis, Lips. 1791, x. pp. 734-762. There is an almost contemporary translation of the poem into old French. It was printed by Beaugendre from a MS. of S. Victor and reprinted by Beckmann. The fullest account of the old French translation, with the corresponding lapi- daries of Modena, Berne, and Cambridge and other similar works, is that by Leopold Pannier. There is an edition of the poems, with a trans- lation into modern French, and an introduction about the author by Sigismond Ropartz, Rennes (1873), 8°, pp. 227 (the 'Lapidarium,' pp. 141- 207). What amounts to a translation into Spanish is found in a MS. in the British Museum, from which it was edited by Karl Vollmoller : Ein Spanisches Steinbuch, Heilbronn, 1880, 8°, pp. vi. 34. The Danish translation was made by Molbech, and that into English by King, printed in the appendix to his work on antique gems. The poem under the title of ' ' Lapidarium " is often quoted and whole passages are transferred or copied by Vincent de Beauvais, Speculum Natitrale, Lib. ix., and by Bartholomew Glanville, De Fro- prietatibus rertim, Lib. xvi., and it is also a source used in the Liber Aggregations attributed to Albertus Magnus. One of the questions connected with this work is whether it is by Marbodus or by an Arab called Evax. It has arisen because the poem opens with an allusion to a person of that name. Lessing (ii. p. 139) does not see why Evax should not have written a work on precious stones, or why Mar- bodus should have said that his poem was extracted from Evax's work, if it were not so. Reinesius thinks Marbodus made himself the interpreter of Evax. See also Beckmann's notes in his edition, 1799, pp. 1-5. In the Histoire Litdrairc de la France, there is a sustained discussion about the authorship of the poem. Dom Rivet in 1735 at first argued against the probability of Mar- bodus the bishop being the author, but in a later article he seems to have assigned it to him after all. The author of the article on Marbodus in a subse- quent volume criticises and refutes D. Rivet's views and on the whole decides in favour of the bishop, though he admits that the question is not absolutely settled. According to D. Rivet (ii. p. 338) only two MSS. have the name of Marbodus. In a MS. on vellum (about 1380) in my possession (which I do not suppose is one of these two) there are at the end three lines marked ' Marbod' re- donSsis eps,' and the Colophon runs : " Explicit liber Marbodi eps redonSsis natura lapidS An. J. C. M. viij. xij." The lines occur in the 1524 edition without any heading ; they are entitled 'jMarbodei epilogus' in Pictorius' edition, 1531, f. 54; in the present edition, Epilogus, f. 76 verso; in Rantzovius' of 1585 they are called 'Conclusio operis,' and in Beckmann's they form part of what is termed 'Epilogus.' MARBODAEUS—MARENGUS 75 MARBODAEUS. Continued. According to Beaugendre ( Venerabilis Hilde- berti primo Cenomanensis Episcopi . . . Opera . . . accesservnt Marbodi Redonensis episcopi . . . opuscula, Paris, 1708, fol., cols. 1379-80) the author is Marbodus Andegavensis, the bishop, and he Macri de Materia inedica Libri V. versib-us con- scripti, ed. Cornarius, Francofurti, 1540. (The poem : De naturis lapidum liber, forms Liber V. tf. 97 verso to 132 recto and the author's name is spelled ' Marboldus.') Wolfgang Jobst ( Justus), Chronologia sive Tetn- porum supputatio omnium illnstrium medicorum, Francophorti ad Viadmm, 1550, p. 75. ('Evax Rex Arabum ' in the time of Nero, noticed by Suidas and Symphorianus Campegius). Bale, Scriptorum . . . Brytannice Catalogus, Basil. , 1557, Cent. ii. p. 154 (calls him ' Marbodus Euan x, Brytannus, ex Cambria'). Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, ' Historiae Poetarum DialogusQuintus," Opera Omnia,i$8o,p. 223, No. 30. Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Simler, 1583, pp. 467 (Marbodus), 501 (Merboldus). Antouius Possevinus, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, ii. P- 53- Sixtus Senensis, Hibliotheca sancta, 1610, lib. 4, p. 274 (calls him Marbadus). Pits, ' De Illustribus Britanniae Scriptoi ibus,' in Relationes Historic^ de Rebus Anglicis, Paris, 1619, p. 185. Gerardus Joannes Vossius, De Historicis Latinls libri III. , 1651, lib. 2, c. 44, p. 372. Reinesius, Defensio rariarum lectionum, 1653, p. 76. G. J. Yossius, DC I'etcntm Poetarum Tempori- bus Libri II., 1654, ' De poetis Latinis.'c. vi. p. 72. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 505. Conring, In Univenam artem Medicam . . . Introductio^ 1687, p. 93 (Evax). Du Pin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Auteurs Ecclesiastiques, 1697, ix. p. 159. Du Pin, A new Ecclesiastical History, 1698, x. p. 15°- Ada Eruditorum, 1709, p. 145. Fabricius, Bibliolheca Latina, 1712, i. pp. 719 (1524 edition), 869 ('do lapidibus') (the author is put under various names, Marbodeus, Merbodeus, Merboldus, Merobaudes) ; 1721, ii. pp. 308-313 (list of his works) ; 880-881 (' Carmen de Gemmis '). Polycarp Leyser, Historia Poetarum et Poem- ntum Medii Aevi, Halre Magd. , 1721, pp. 368-70. Heumann, Poecile, 1722, I. lib. ii. n. xi. pp. 266- 272 (' Emendatio Sententiarum Marbodi'). Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1728, xiv. p. 118 (list of references in Vincent de Beauvais' Speculum Naturale to the book ' de Lapidibus,' which passes under the name of Evax). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectz metallicce, 1732, p. 98. Histotre Littraire de la France, 1735, ii. pp. 335- expresses some surprise at MoreYi calling him M. Cenomanensis. But Beaugendre either did not know or had forgotten that in Alard's present edition he is actually so entitled. 340 (article by Dom Rivet); 1867, Avert. Ivij. , vii. p. 134 ; 1868, x. pp. 343-392- Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infima /Etatis, 1736, v. pp. 45-56 ; iii. p. 761. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, 1751, iii. col. 134; Rolermund'sFortsefzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 641. (They draw a distinction between Marbodaeus and Marbodus.) MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnairt historique, Amsterd., 1759, vii. p. 190. Mailer, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1776, i. p. 429 ( ' de gemmis '). Lessing, Kollektaneen, 1790, under Edelsteine, i. p. 203 ; Evax, i. p. 226 ; Marbodus, ii. p. 137. Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1800, viii. p. 244, Xo. i (Marbodus, Hymtii, Rhedonis, 1524, 4 ) ; p. 149, No. 2077 (Marbodaeus, De lapidibus, \Vechel, 1531) ; 1801, ix. p. 7, No. 35 (Viennae, 1511, 8°); p. 152, No. 456 (without place, 1531). Chaudon et Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaiie Historique, Lyon, An xii.-i8o4, vii. p. 592. Biographie Universelle, artcienne et moderne, Paris, 1820, xxvi. p. 568; n.d., xxvi. p. 424 (by Weiss). Morwitz, Geschichte dcr Medicin, 1848, i. p. 175 ; 1849, ii. p. 105 (list of editions). Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, Konigsberg, 1856, iii. p. 539. Gallia Christiana, Pans, 1856, xiv. col. 746. Nouvelle Biographie Ge"n<!rale, Paris, 1863, xxxiii. col. 366. C. W. King, The Natural History of Precious Stones and Gems, 1865, p. 7. C. W. King, Antique Gems, 1866, pp. 389-417. (Verse translation of Marbodceus' poem. King regards the ascription to Evax as merely a poetic license.) Steinschneider in Virchow's Archiv, 1868, xlii. p. 57, note 16. C. Ferry, De Marbodi Rhedonensis episcopi Vita ct Carminibits, Nemausi, 1877, 8°, pp. [8] 107 [i blank] (' Lapidarium,' pp. 67-83.) Leopold Pannier, Les Lapidaires Franfais du Moyen Age des XII*, XIII» et XIV* Siecles, Paris, F. Vieweg, 1882, 8°, for/iiing the 52t)d fascicule of the ' Bibhotheque de 1'Ecole des hautes Etudes.' Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 123. L£on Ernault, Marbode Evtque de Ken.nes sa vie et ses CEuvres (1035-1123) avec une preface et des notes de son frere Emile Ernault ... et de Ftlix Robiou, Rennes, 1890, 8°, pp. [4] v. [i blank] 260 [i, i blank] (' Liber Lapidum,' pp. 102-125). MARCHASITA (DE). See GRATAROLO (G.), Verre Alchemiie . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 254. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 173. MARCK (BERNHARD VON DER). See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). Palladis Chymicae Arcana Detecta, siue Mineralogia Naturalis, & Artificialis. 76 MARENGUS—MA RGGRAF MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). Continued. Opus plane aureum. In quo prsecipue ostenditur modus efficiendi Philoso- phorum Lapidem, & multa alia lucrosa traduntur. Secunda Editio. In multis praxeis aucta, in omnibus clarius explicata, & in duas partes diuisa. Auctoris nomen in hoc puro anagrammate iterum delitescit. lanus Gobrat sapiens manet. Genuas, 1678. Typis Antonij Georgij Franchelli. Superiorum permissu. 12°. Pp. 426, 355 [3]. The second part has a short title included in the pagination. The first edition has the following title-page : * Palladis Chymicae Arcana detecta, siue Mineralogia Naturalis, & Artificialis. In Natural! ostenditur, quoniodo a natura metalla in visceribus terrse generentur : in Artificial! vero modus, quo per artem metalla imperfecta reducantur ad perfectionem Solis, vel Lunae, demonstratur Opus plane aureum in tres partes divisum. Auctoris nomen in hoc puro anagrammate delitescit lanus Gobrat sapiens manet. Genuae, M.DC.LXXIV. Typis Antonij Georgij Franchelli. Superiorum permissu. 12°. Pp. [1-18] 19-285 [2 of errata, i blank]. This first edition is said to be extremely rare. The second edition, as is obvious from the pagina- tion, has been much enlarged, and, in fact, re- written, besides being arranged in two parts instead of three. Lenglet Dufresnoy is, therefore, quite correct when he says that it is necessary to have both editions. But that is not quite easy to attain to, and in the British Museum, so far as I have observed, there is a copy of the second edition only. The author's anagram which appears in both Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 253. editions, is explained in a note by the printer at the end of the second part of the second edition, p. 355. He says that it stands for loannes Baptista Marengus, a citizen of Genoa, a man distinguished in literature. Similarly Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Jean- Batiste Maringue. Kopp in his note on alchemical books with the title from ' Pallas ' quotes the first edition, but does not mention either the anagram or name of the author, and makes a little slip in saying that the book was published at Geneva. Kopp, Die Alcliemie, 1886, ii. p. 367. MARGARITA. See ARNALDUS de Villanova. See BONUS (PETRUS). For alchemical works called Margarita, see Kopp, Die Akliemie, 1886, ii. p. 374. MARGGRAF (ANDREAS SIEGMUND). Andr. Siegm. Marggrafs Directors und Chymici der Konigl. Preufsischen Aka- demie der Wissenschaften und der Churmaynz. Akademie niitzlicher Wissen- schaften ordentlichen Mitglieds Chymischer Schriften Erster Theil. Neue verbesserte Auflage. Berlin, bey Arnold Wever, Buchhandler. 1768. 8°. Pp. [22] 330 [6]. Folding table. 2 plates. Zweyter Theil, 1767, pp. xiv. 206. [i, i blank], i plate. [Another Copy of the second part.] The name is also spelt Marcgraf, Marcgrav, and Margraf. He was born at Berlin, 3 March, 1709. He had long training in pharmacy under Caspar Neumann in Berlin ; in 1731 he went to the Apothecary Rossler at Frankfurt a. M., and to Spielmann in Strasburg in 1733 ; studied medicine at Halle under Hoffmann and luncker, and miner- alogy and metallurgy under Henckel, at Freiberg. He travelled a good deal, and in 1739 paid a visit to the Harz, which he subsequently repeated. In 1738 he was member of the Berlin Academy, and in 1754 head of its Chemical Laboratory, and in 1760 director of the physical class of the Academy. He died at Berlin, 7 August, 1782. He was a Foreign Associate of the French Academy. He wrote numerous papers embodying important novelties, and is specially remembered for his dis- covery of beetroot sugar. In 1777 a medal was struck in his honour by Jacob Abramson. The first edition of his collected works, with a preface by J. C. Lehmann, appeared at Berlin, in two parts, 1761, 1767, 8°. MARGGRAF--MARIA 77 MARGGRAF (ANDREAS SIEGMUND). Continued. E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetslebender Aerzte und Naturforscher in und ausser Dentschland, 1772, i. Stuck i (1768), pp. 87-98. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 372 (paper on beetroot sugar). Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 358, 780 (calls him Alexander'). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 58. Histoire de I'Acadtmie Royale des Sciences, Annte 1782, Paris, 1785, pp. 122-130. Nouveaitx Mtfmoires de I'Acade'mie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres, Ann<!e 1783, Berlin, 1785, pp. 63-72. Crell, Chemische Annalen, 1786, St. 2, pp. 181- 192. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 612- 20, & passim. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 4, 29, 41, 51, &c. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, pp. 289, 298, 313, 322, 326, 330, 331, 334, 345-346, 354- 367. 378, 394, 477- La Prusse Littraire, ii. p, 456. Meusel, Lexikon der rom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen Tentschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp. 487-490. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzitng und Erganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 706. Biographic Mtdirale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. p. 192. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 414- 428 ; 1869, ii. pp. 407-421. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, i. pp. 208-211, &c., &c. Miscellanea Berolinensia, vi. p. 54 ; vii. p. 324. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, Jena, 1855, pp. 594-602 & passim. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 48. Aug. Wilh. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen aits der Berliner Vergangenheit, 1882, pp. 10, 60, 158. MARHERR (PHILIPP AMBROSIUS). Herrn Philipp Ambrosius Marherr Chemische Abhandlung von der Verwand- schaft der Korper, aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt von E. G. Baldinger, der Weltweisheit und Arzneywissenschaft Doctor, Sr. Majestat des Konigs von Preufsen zu Dero Armeen ordentlichem Arzte, der Herzoglich deutschen Gesell- schaft der schonen Wissenschaften zu Jena Mitgliede. Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilschern 1764. 8°. Pp. 144. Two folding affinity tables. Marherr was born at Vienna in 1738, graduated there as doctor of medicine in 1762, his thesis (with Neppmuc Cranz as praeses) being entitled : Quaestio medica : Quae sint caussae musculorum motrices, Viennae, 1761, 4°, and in 1766 was appointed pro- fessor of the Institutes of Medicine at Prague. He maintained against Haller, that the course of the blood through the lungs was quicker than through the rest of the body. He died 28 March, 1771. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 626. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 61. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 697. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 349. Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbcnen Teuischen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. p. 490. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^xicon • Roter- The present work was first published in Latin : Dissertatio chymica de affinitate corporum, Viennae, 1762, 4°. The preface of the translation is dated Prague. He wrote another paper : Program ma de electricitatis aereae in corpus humanum actione, Viennae (Prague?), 1766, 4°, and after his death appeared Praelectiones in Hermanni Boerhavii institutiones medicas. Tom. I. -III., Viennae et Lipsiae, 1772, 8° ; Editio nova, Viennae, 1785, 8°. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergiinzungen, 1813, iv. col. 710. Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), vi. 194. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historiqve de la Mtde- cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 326. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 384. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte alter Zeiten ttnd Volker, 1886, iv. P- 134. MARIA. Dialogue de Marie et d'Aros, sur le Magistere d'Hermes. See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Biblioth&que des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i. P- 77- Excerpta ex interlocutione habita cum Philosopho Aros. See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 129. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 479. Explicatio verborum Mariae Prophetissae. See ORTHELIUS, MARIA— MAROT MARIA. Continued. Practica. See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 205. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 269; 1750, i. p. 329. See ARN ALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 263. By some Maria, or Maria Prophetissa, is iden- tified with Miriam, the sister of Moses, but by others she is described as a Jewess, who was trained in Egypt, was skilled in all its learning, and together with Pammenes was found in the Temple of Memphis by Democritus. Pammenes revealed the mysteries too freely, but Democritus and Maria concealed the processes in judiciously chosen language and thus gained renown. There Stephanus, ' Artis auri conficiendi actio nona ' in Pizimenti, Democritus Abderita De Arle Magna, Patavii, 1573, f. 59, verso. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 141. Maier, Symbola aurea Menses, 1617, pp. 56-63. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 154. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chetnicorum, 1697, p. 7, No. viii. Lambecius, Prodromus Histories Literaria, 1710, P- 155- Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoirt de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 26, 460; iii. pp. u, 12, J7. 37 • 44. 45 • addition, No. 19. cannot be much doubt about her enigmatical language if the above writings be genuine. She gets the credit of having invented or introduced the use of the water-bath which to this day is known as Balneum Marias, or Bain Marie. Maria is quoted as an authority by Stephanus Alex- andrinus. Kopp considers the inclusion of Miriam among the alchemists as by no means modern. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 112 (identifies Maria with Miriam, Moses' sister). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 48-50. Hoefer, Histoire de la Ckimie, 1842, i. p. 27 ; 1866, i. p. 282. Kopp, Beitrage sur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, St. ii. p. 402. Ladra.gne,BiZ>ZiotAe<fue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 648-652. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 202, 207 ; ii. PP- 370, 395- Berthelot, Collection des . . . Alchimistes Grecs, 1888, passim. MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte De La Garaye. Chymia Hydraulica oder neu-entdeckte Handgriffe, vermittelst welcher man das wesentliche Saltz aus Vegetabilien, Animalien und Mineralien mit schlechtem Wasser ausziehen kan. Erfunden und anfanglich in Franzosischer Sprache bekannt gemacht von dem Herren Grafen von Garaye, nunmehro aber wegen Vortrefflichkeit der Sache ins Teutsche iibersetzt von einem Liebhaber der Naturlehre. zweyte verbesserte Auflage. Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1755. 8°. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Pp. [32] 364 [4]. 2 plates. The translator's initials are L. C. P. S. g. v. S. The French original is as follows : Chymie hydraulique pour extraire les sels des vegetaux, animaux et mineraux, par le moyen de 1'eau pure, par M. L. C. D. L. G., Paris, 1745, 12° ; and with notes by Parmentier, Paris, 1775. The German translation first appeared at Franckfurt and Leipzig in 1749, 8°. This author was born at Rennes in Brittany, 27 (26) Oct., 1675. He was educated in Paris, and distinguished himself at the College d'Harcourt. Urged by the desire to be of help to the unfor- tunate het>ecame a physician, and in this way was able to give them the benefit of his skill and of his fortune. He founded schools and hospitals at Rennes, Dinan, and other places, and even in Paris, where he established the refuges of Saint Saviour and Saint Bennet. His life was devoted to charitable objects, and the number of institutions he created was so great that it is difficult to under- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 353. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 628. Les Epoux Charitables, mi Vie du Comte et de la Comtessc de Lagaraye, 1782, 8°. De La Bastie, 6veque de Saint Malo, Memoires ur la vie et les vertns du comte de La Garaye, 1786. Gme\\n,GeschichtederChemie,i.j<)%, ii. pp. 359, 520. Fuchs, Rcpertoritim der chemischtn Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 285. Biographie Universclle, 1819, xxiii. p. 144 ; n.d, xxii. p. 514 (calls him Lagaraye). stand how he could afford it. He was a diligent chemist, and devised methods for extracting a number of principles from plants, as from Peruvian bark, the extract from which was known as the essential salt of Garaye. He devised a rapid method for making black oxide of iron, and pre- pared an ammoniacal chloride of mercury called 'Tinctura mercurialis, ' and wrote Recueil alpha- bMque des pronostics dangereux et mortels sur les di/erentes maladies des homines, pour servir a MM. les cures et autres, Paris, 1736, 18° ; 1770, 18°. He died 2 July, 1755. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), iv. p. 333 (article by Jourdan). QueYard, La France littirairc, 1832, iv. p. 423. Journal des Savants, Nov. 1858, p. 706 (article by Chevreul). Moniteur du 16 Janvier, 1859 (article by Paul Pougin). Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1861 , xxviii. col. 814. Poggendorff1, Biographisch-Hterarisches Hand- , 1863, i. No. 1341. MAROT—MARSCIANO 79 MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte De La Garaye. Continued. J. Marie Peigne\ Le Comte Marot de la Garaye, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique del Sciences Medi- etude biographique, Paris, 1864, 8°, pp. vii. [i cales, 4eme S£rie, 1880, vi. p. 718. blank] 60. (Chemistry, pp. 47-53.) Hirsch, Biographisc/tes Lexikon der hervorra- "L&AraL^ittBibli(>tMqueOHvarq/,Sciences Secretes, genden Aertze, 1885, ii. p. 492. 1870, No. 1380. MARROW of Alchymy. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHiLOPONUs), Kern der Alchymie, 1685. MARS. Die mit dem Marte genau vereinigte Venus. See TRACT ATUS Physico-Chymicus, 1706. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectc metallic^, 1732, p. 98 (Rostock, 1706, 8*). MARSCHALCK QOHANN). See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Novum Laboratorium, 1677. The translator and the translation are just men- Rotermund simply refers to Jocher and has nothing tioned by Jiicher, but no account of him is forth- of his own to add. coming, except that he was a physician, and Jocher, Allgemeines Geh-hrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 206 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen, 1813, iv. col. 785. MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE). Clavis Arcis Hermetis Epistolae Tres Responsoriae Comitis Francisci Onuphrii de Marsciano Authoris ad Comitem Caesarem de Kulmiski a praedicto con- scriptae, quas Responsorias Epistolas idem Comes de Kulmiski pro hujus Sacrae Hermeticae Scientiae Inquisitorum eruditione propriis sumptibus typis edi curavit, Anno Salutis 1743, in gratiam Filiorum Artis. Ac sub Auspiciis Illustrissimi Domini, Domini Baronis Caroli Matthaei De Rechpach, Domini in Mederndorf, Neuhaufs, & Drassing, & caet. Sacrae Majestatis Reginae Ungariae, Bohemiae, & caet. Consiliarij Provincialis, nee non Inclytae Provinciae Carinthiae Deputati Actualis, exhibitas, dicavit. Isai. cap. 45 vers. 3. Et dabo tibi thesauros absconditos, & arcana secretorum: Etenim Eccl. cap. 20. 32. Sapientia abscondita, & thesaurus invisus, quae utilitas in utrisque ? Unde Job. cap. 28. Et non dabitur aurum obrizum pro ea, nee adaequabitur ei aurum neque conferetur Indiae Tincturis. Eccl. cap. i. & Prov. cap. 4. Viam ergo Sapientiae monstrabo tibi, & ducam te per semitas rectas. Cum permissu Superiorum. Coloniae. 4°. Pp. 134 [a]. Small woodcuts in the text. The epistles are dated Casciovine, 1739, 1740, and 1741 respectively. On the fly-leaf is the following MS. note : Der V. hat dieses Werk 1764, in Wien dem beriichtigten Herman Fictuld eigen- handig iibergeben ist auch bald darauf gestorben. Jm Maimonat 1773 h^06 cs vom Fictuld (defsen eigentlicher Namen Mumen thaler ware) zu Langenthal als seinem Geburths Ort erhandelt. N.B. — Fictuld hat mir ein ehrlicher mafi geschienen da/umahl 74 Jahr alt, er hat viel gereiset und viel erfahrn aber er war gewifs kein Adeptus. Er hat zuerst in <BL seit 20 Jahren aber im B gearbeitet welchen er ftir die wahre Materia hielt. er wolte mir 10 Louis dor abentlehnen (?) nachher ano 1775 habc vernomen dass er mit selbst gemachter handle, und sich mit durchbrachte, Aflo 1777 im 78 jahr sein alters starb er. 8o MARSCIANO MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE). Continued. Unfortunately the writer of the note does not The MSS. in question are quoted in the Cata- add his name. As for Fictuld's true name it does logus chemico-alchemico . . . cnriosorum, 1788 not agree with Johann Heinrich Schmidt, which is (g.v.), said to have been drawn up by Graffer at given him by Kopp (Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, Vienna, and will be found in the 'Codices 1886, ii. p. 367). Alchemic!,' p. 142, and 'Codices Cabalistici,' The name of this person is practically unknown p. 55, respectively. to the writers on alchemy. Kopp mentions him The author is called by Rotermund Franz in connection with some manuscripts, but he Onofrius Marsejano, an Italian count, Patricius of makes no reference to his printed works. And yet Orvieto and Fuligno, celebrated as a poet and it is said of him that he attracted much attention alchemist. He quotes none of his alchemical while he lived, and had still (in 1788) many ad- writings, but mentions a poem : L'Ebreo dis- herents. In one of the MSS. he calls himself singannato. Poema sacro, Venice, 1743, 4°, pp. Franciscus Comes de Mno & Mte Jove — and he 188. wrote in Italian. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- \^fa&g$R.tBil>liothequeOuvaroff,SciencesSecrltes, mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iii. 1870, Nos. 1389-90. cols. 788-89. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 233. Lux Hermetica Clarificata, seu Circulus Quadratus sapientum, Opus Her- meticum de Vero, ac Probato Lapide Philosophico. Comite Francisco Onuphrio de Marsciano Authore. Sub Gloriosis Auspiciis Illustrissimi, ac Excellentissimi Domini, Domini Joannis Antonii Crotta, Patritii Veneti Meri- tissimi exhibitum. Paul. i. ad Cor. Oculus non vidit, nee auris audivit similia. Apocalyps. cap. 10. 9. Accipe ergo, & comede hunc librum, & erit in ore tuo tanquam mel dulce: scilicet lege, & pasce te hac dulcissima Doctrina Ezech. cap. 3. Et felicissimus eris in orbe, si verb EccL documenta cap. 2 1 . observaveris vers. 2. ubi dicit : Quasi a facie colubri fuge peccatum, & caet. Quapropter inde quid erit? r. Reg. cap. 14. vers. 13. Gustans gustavi paululum mellis : & ecce morior. Unde fac, lit Prov. 3. vers. 17. &•<:. si felix esse cupias. ] Typis Joan. Frid. Kleinmayr, In [ ] Typ. 1742. 4°. Pp. 284 [4]. Woodcuts in the text. Out of the title-page has been cut the name of the place. Der unterwiesene Anfanger in der Chymie Hermetisches Sendschreiben von Comite Francisco Onuphrio de Marsciano an seinen auservvehlten Schtiler in der Kunst iiberschicket. Anno 1744. zu Coin auf Kosten dieses seines Schiilers gedrucket zum Nutzen derer Liebhaber der Chymie. Die Geheimnusse der Kunst und von niemand bifshero erklarte wunderwiirdige Dinge. Darum Job cap. 28. v. 17. Es wird ihm das Gold nicht gleich geachtet werden, und goldene Geschirr werden daflir nicht vertauschet werden. Wienn, bey Joh. Paul Kraufs, nachst der Kaiserl. Konigl. Burg. 1751. 8°. Pp. [112] 176. Title red and black ; nine woodcuts in the text. This copy wants pp. 177-182 [2 blank], containing advertisements of chemical books. [Another Copy, 1752.] 8°. Pp. [112] 176; 177-182 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Nine woodouts in the text. This is identical with the preceding except that the date is altered. This copy has the six pages of advertisements and the two blank pages. Auszug aus des Grafen Francisci Onuphrii de Marsciano Schriften. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C, 1779, iv. p. 202. MARSILIUS—MARTIUS 81 MARSILIUS FICINUS. See FICINUS (MARSILIUS). MARTINI (GREGORIUS). Commentatiuncula in libri qui inscribitur de Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Caput XI. Quod est de principiis Chymi- corum. Tractationem quaestionis : an sal sulphur & mercurius sint prima perfecte mixta, & reliquorum perfect^ mixtorum principia : novam perque utilem continens. Autore Gregorio Martini, Suibus. Sil. Doct. & Ducatus VVolavici in ejus Mesopoli, quae est Steinovia ad Oderam, Physico. Francofurti ad Oderam. Typis Friderici Hartmanni, M.DC.XXI. Impensis Martini Guets Bibliopolae. 8°. Pp. [12] 243 [i blank]. This is a commentary on the work of Sennertus, The book is mentioned by Mercklin, Manget, published in 1619. The author calls himself and Gnielin, but nothing is said about the author. Martinius, and apparently also Martini, and by others is styled Martinus, and Martini. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi. 1637, p. 183. col. 228 (merely quotes the book). Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 363. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 595. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 270. MARTINIERE ( DE LA). Tombeau de la Folie. Dans lequel se void les plus fortes raisons que 1'on puisse apporter pour fair connoitre la realitd & la possibilite de la Pierre Philosophale, & d'autres raisons & experiences qui en font voir Tabus & rimpossibilite. Par le S De La Martiniere, Medecin & Operateur ordin. du Roy. A Paris, Chez 1'Auteur rue de la Coutellerie au grand Dauphin Royal. Avec Privilege Du Roy. 12°. Pp. [12] 128. Portrait on the verso of the title. Haller quotes two books by a De la Martiniere : Jacob quotes it under a different title : Le L Empirique charitable, Rouen, 1664, 1667, 12° ; Chymique inconnu, ou I Imposture de la Pierre and Traite de la maladie venerienne, Paris, 1664, philosophale, Paris, about 1660, 12°. 1684, 16°. He calls the author : Chemista, chir- According to his portrait he was born at Paris, urgus, peregrinator. It is possible that he was the 24 Feb., 1634, and at the age of twenty-eight began author also of the present work. Haller, however, to write his books on medicine, does not mention it. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie P. L. Jacob, Curiosith des Sciences Occultes, HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 231. 1862, p. 84. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii. P- IS*- MARTINUS DE DELLE. See ALIPULI. See DELLE (MARTINUS DE). In addition to the passages quoted in the Peg- In the list of manuscripts proposed in 1735 by fever horn De Belle's poem, reference may be made Augustinus Crusius of Erfurt to be printed, there to a few lines repeated by Petraeus with which De is one: ' Rarissimum Particulare,' by Martinus de Delle concludes his review of the questionable Belle. This may possibly be a misprint for de practices of the would-be adepts. Petraeus styles Delle. The list is contained in Abraham Eleazar"s him ' pious,' and Kammer-Diener of the Emperor 'Werck,1 1735, 2nd edition. Rudolph. Fr. Basilii Valentini , . . Chymische ScAri/fen. ed. Petraeus. 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. cs recto. MARTIUS (JOHANN NlKOLAUS). Unterricht in der Natiirlichen Magie. See WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN), Die Natiirliche Magie, 1782. II. F 82 MA R Tl US— MA UGIN MARTIUS (JOHANN NIKOLAUS). Continued. Rotermund tells us that Martius was a celebrated medical practitioner at Brunswick who wrote the above book in Latin : De magia naturali ejusque usu medico ad magice et magica curandum, Lips., Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. pp. 298, 421. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 713. 1715,4°; 3rd ed., Ibid. 1717,8°. The above was a thoroughly revised edition. Haller quotes edi- tions : Erford., 1700; 1705, 4°; Lips., 1715, 4°. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und F.rganzungen, 1813, iv. col. 884. MATHEW (RICHARD). The Unlearned Alchymist His Antidote : Or, A more full and ample Explana- tion of the Use, Virtue and Benefit of my Pill, Entituled, An effectual whereunto is added' Sund^ Cures and Experiences, with particular direction unto particular Diseases and Distempers. Also, Sundry plain and easie Receits, which the Ingenuous may prepare for their own health. By Richard Mathew, and are to be had at his house by the Lyons Den at the Tower, next Gate to the By Ward. London, Printed for Joseph Leigh, at the upper end of Bazing-hall-street, near the Naggs-head Tavern, 1662. 8°. Pp. [16] 192. This book has two title-pages, which coincide exactly except that the second has after "Tavern " the additional words : ' ' and are there to be sold together with this Pill, 1662." There was a previous edition of 1660. The virtues of the pill are set forth in the narra- tives of the cures which it effected. The narratives are very much in the style of his contemporaries, Christopher Packe's, Dickinson's, Winter's, and of other vendors of secret specifics, both then and now. The accounts given are curious, and historically interesting, from the side lights thrown on the manners and customs of the times. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 140. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 267. It is not said, however, that it was possibly this pill which was the cause of the death of Dr. Isaac Barrow. But Mathew had also to pay the penalty of every inventor ; his claim to the discovery was contested by Starkey, who wrote a tract upon it, and referred also to the subject in his chapter on ' Oil of Sulphur,' in the COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 149 (q.v. ). The edition cited by Haller has the date 1663, and another tract by Mathew mentioned by Haller is : A pretious pearl in the midst of a dunghill, London, 1663, 8°. John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempor- aries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, i. p. 91. MATTH^US (JOANNES). Enodatio qusestionis : an armor um unguentum, ad curanda vulnera, nee visa nee tractata aliquid conferat ? See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 573. Though the above is not included in the list of his works which I have seen, the author is the person distinguished as Johann Matthaus, or Matthai Hessus. He was the eighth son of Conrad Matthaus, professor of history and rhetoric at Marburg. He was born there 15 March, 1563, he was doctor and professor of medicine at Herborn from 1607, Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 519. Caspar Burman, Traiectum eruditum, 1750, p. 214. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. private physician 01 the Count of Nassau, and wrote some books on medical topics. Among these was a treatise on the hot springs at Baden, Hanau, 1608, 8°; 'Speculum sanitatis," ' Hortulus medicus'; ' Tractatus de febre pestilentiali' ; ' Centuria difficultatum medicarum, practice im- primis necessariarum,1 1616. He died at Marburg in 1621. col. 287 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 974. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessisclien Gelehrten und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1788, viii. p. 253. MAUGIN DE RICHEBOURG QEAN). See RICHEBOURG (JEAN MAUGIN DE). MAULIUS—MAURER 83 MAULIUS (JOHANNES PHILIPPUS). Griindliche Beschreibung des hochsten Kleinods der Welt -in Geistlichen und Leiblichen, vorgestellet in vier erbaulichen und Christlichen Gesprachen vom Gold von Mitternacht, darinnen von der hochsten Medicin und Stein der Weisen, und also den allerniitzlichsten Materien in der Gottlichen und Natiir- lichen Weifsheit, nach der heil. Schrifft, Natur, und Erfahrung nachdriicklich gehandelt wird. Gott zu Ehren und dem Nechsten zum besten heraus gegeben von loh. Phil. Maulio, M.D. Konigl. Preufs. Brunnen-Medico, Consule Lunensi &c. Gotha, Bey Jacob Mevio, An. 1714. 8°. Pp. [68] 1264 [2]. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Engraved frontispiece on two pages included in the pagination. P. 1155: Prodromus Jobi Chymici, Authore Job. Philippo Maullio, . . . Anno MDCCVIII. This book seems to have been originally issued with another title-page, which is added on at the very end of the present volume : "pBSMfl 2!"5T sive Medicina Theologica, Chymico-Irenica, & Christiano-Cabba- listica, Vorgestellt in der Ersten Continuation Curioser und Erbaulicher Gesprache Vom Gold von Mitternacht oder von der Hochsten Medicin, Darinnen gezeiget wird, wie diselbe in der Heiligen Schrifft, nach dem Grundtext, zu finden ; Und dafs die Vergleichung der Geistlichen, und Leiblichen Hochsten Medicin, die rechte Cabbala der Alien, oder ware Chimie seye ; Auch dafs nach diser erkanten Einhelligkeit, die Entscheidung der Theologischen Controversien, insonderheit die wiirckliche Einigkeit der beyden Evangelischen Religionen, unpartheyisch zu ersehen seye, von Joh. Philippo Maullio, St. Goarino, Med. Doctore, und Practico zu Liinen in Westphalen, auch Ihrer Konigl. May. in Preussen Medico, bey denen Neuen Mineralischen Wassern, und Gesundsheits-Brunnen, zu Schwelm in der Grafschafft Marck. Anno MDCCIX. Wesel zu finden Bey Jacobus von Wesel, Buchhandler daselbst. The book with this title and date 1709 is referred because he appears as the author of a dissertation : to by Kopp. In the Ouvaroff Catalogue the title- De abortu, Leyden, 1686, 4°, quoted by Haller, page is given, but the date is 1713, and only 56 practised at Liinen in Westphalia, was physician preliminary pages are quoted. The present title- of the king of Prussia, at the then newly-discovered page of 1714 is not referred to. mineral springs at Schwelm in the Marck. Upon There is no information about the author's these he wrote a treatise : Von Schwelmer Sauer biography except what he himself says. He be- brunnen, 1706, referred to by Gmelin. longed to St. Goar, was M. D. possibly of Leyden, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica:, Kortum verteidiget die Alchimit, 1789, p. 46. 1732, p. 99. Gmelin, Gcschichte der CAcmie, 1798, ii. p. 781. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i., p. no (gives Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences the date as 1713). Secretes, 1870, No. 1639 (gives the 1709 title, but Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. the date 1713). p. 8. Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 391. MAURER. See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen Kunst ? MAURER (FELIX). Observationes Curioso-Physicse, oder besondere Remarques und Anmerckungen der geheimen und grossen Wunder der Welt in natiirlichen Sachen, welche sowol, am Himmel, in der Lufft, Feuer, Wasser, auf und in der Erde, an Menschen, Thieren, Gewachsen u.d.g. sich erzeiget, aus der erfahrensten Physicorum und Natur- Verstandigen Schrifften herausgezogen, und iiber die curieusesten Materien der natiirlichen Wissenschafften gestellet von Felix Maurer Physico & Medico. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Bey Johann Leon- hard Buggeln, Buchhandlern in Niirnberg. 1713. 8°. Pp. [32] 1039. Index [17]. Title printed across two pages. Folding plate of natural wonders. All that Rotermund can tell us is that the AllgemeinesGelehrten-Lexicon; Rotermund's Fort- present author was a doctor of medicine and a setzung und Erkl&rungen, 1813, iv. col. 1030. 'physikus,' and wrote the above book. Jocher, - 84 MA YER—MEDICINISCH MAYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). See MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). MAYER (LUDWIG CASPAR). See KIRCHMAIER (GEORG CASPAR), Metallo-Metamorphosis, 1693. MAYER (MICHAEL). See MAIER (MICHAEL). MEDIC AMENTIS (De) Universalibus Dissertatio. Without place, date, and printer's name. See PANTALEON, Disceptatio de lapide Physico, 1678. MEDICAMENTORUM (De) Dosibus Index omnium, qui hactenus prodierint longe locupletissimus. Bononise, M DCC XLV. Ex Typographia Dominici Guidotti, & Jacob! Mellini. Superiorum Permissu. 4°. Pp. 244 [2] 2 blank. MEDICES (CHRISTIAN DE). Concursus Philosophorum, das ist griindlich-wahrhafftig- und einfaltige Beschrei- bung und Philosophische Zusammenstimmung, welcher gestalt die lieben Alten das grofse Geheimniifs vom Stein der Weisen zu wercke gerichtet und hinterlassen, auch wie noch heutiges Tages, auch andachtiges Beten, fleifsiges Lesen, und wohlgefafsten Grund, solch hohes Mysterium zu erlangen und zu bekommen seye. Aus treuhertzigem Wohlmeynen den Meinigen, und alien Gottliebenden Nachforschern, zu einer unfehlbaren Richtschnur und Unterricht auffgesetzet durch den Wohlgebohrnen Herrn, Hn. Christian de Medices, Freyherrn von Scharfenstein, Herrn zum Rosenthal und Silbersdorff &c. Und zum offentlichen Druck befordert durch Lt. Johanne Friederico Brebifs, der Zeit Hoch-Furstl. Brandenburg. Culmbach. Physicato Adjuncto der Stadt und sechs Aemter Wohnsiedel. Jena, In Verlegung Johann Bielckens, 1706. 8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 768. Title red and black. This is a collection of passages from various authorities systematically arranged so as to elucidate different questions connected with transmutation. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic L.a.&ra.g\\e,Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes, Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 232. 1870, No. 1332. MEDICINISCHE Betrachtung iiber Alchymistische Medicinen, worinnen durch Analysirung vieler Arbeiten der angeriihmtesten alchymistischen Authoren erwiesen wird, dafs alle Partikular- sowohl als Universal-medicin der Philo- sophen nichts sey, als Sal Metallorum est Lapis Phylosophorum. Wien 1792 in der Zierchischen Buchhandlung im deutschen Hause. 8°. Pp. [18] 53 [i blank]. MEDICINISCH- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum darinnen man nicht nur alle Zeichen und Abkiirzungen welche so wohl in den Recepten und Biichern der Aerzte und Apothecker als auch in den Schrifften der Chemisten und Alchemisten vorkommen findet sondern deme auch ein sehr rares MEDICINISCH—MEERHEIM 85 MEDICINISCHE- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum. Continued. Chymisches Manuscript eines gewissen Reichs * * * beygefuget Ulm un Memmingen 1755 in der Gaumischen Handlung 8°. Pp. [6] 72 [2 blank]. Symbols. 2 woodcuts. P. 41: Geheimnifs aller Geheimnisse oder Clavis Sapientiae omnium Philosophorum et Adeptorum in einem guldenen Kleinod und Compendio Veritatis Philosophico aus einem uralten Manuscript von Anno 1300. mitgetheilet und ans Licht gestellet. M DCC LV. MEDIOLANUM. Antidotarium Mediolanense. See PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS Galenico-Chymicus, 1698. MEDULLA Alchymiae Veteris. See HORN (GEORG). For alchemical books called Medulla, see Kopp, Die Alchetnie, 1886, ii. p. 347. MEDULLA Destillatoria et Medica. See KHUNRATH (CONRAD), Lipsiensis. MEERHEIM (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Discurs Curioser Sachen, insonderheit Hermetisch-Philosophischer Physicalisch- Medicinischer und anderer Wissenschafften, im Monath Januario 1708. Heraufsgegeben von Johann Gottfried Meerheim, Eq. Arc. Cr. Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Heinichens Wittwe. 8°. Pp. 79 [i]. Discurs . . . im Monath Februario 1708. Herausgegeben von J. G. M. E. A. C. Leipzig . . . 8°. Pp. 72 (misprinted 27). Theosophischer Discurs von denen tribus Partibus Essentialibus zu Ergantzung des Discurses Im Monath Februario 1708. Versprochener massen heraus- gegeben von J. G. M. E. A. C. Leipzig . . . 8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. [Another Copy of the January number.] There were also numbers in March and April, after which apparently it ceased. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 325. ffermdlique, 1742, iii. p. 233. MEERHEIM (PAUL WILHEM VON). Paul Wilhem von Meerheim eines Obersachsischen Chymici glucklich vollfuhrte Reise-Beschreibung nach denen unbekannten Ost- und Siidwerts gelegenen Indianischen Insuln, von wannen derselbe nebst seinen Cameraden glucklich und zur grosten Freude seiner Freunde retourniret ist, vielen zum Vernugen begannt gemachet. Erlangen und Leipzig, 1753. Zu finden in dem Miillerischen Buchladen. 8°. Pp. 56. This journey is an allegory of the search for the stone. 86 MEGISERUS—MEISNER MEGISERUS (HiERONYMUs). See ARNALDUS de Villanova, Opera, 1603. Saxony called him to Leipzig to be extraordinary professor of history. In 1605 he undertook the establishment of a school at Gera, on a new plan. In 1609 he was recalled to Leipzig, and three years later settled at Linz in Upper Austria, where he died in 1616 or 1618. Megiserus was a man of immense acquirements, especially in history, geography, and languages. His numerous and laborious books are entirely connected with these subjects, and lists are given by Rotermund and Elze. The only contribution to Alchemy which he made, so far as I know, is the present collection of tracts by Arnaldus. Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxiv. col. 722. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1885, xxi. p. 183 (article by Th. Elze). Kopp, Die Alckemie, 1886, ii. p. 335. Megiserus was born at Stuttgart in 1553, where his father was conrector of the gymnasium, studied at Tubingen under Frischlin, and took his master's degree in 1577. In 1582 he went to Padua to study jurisprudence, and in 1584-88 he returned as tutor with some young noblemen. In 1588-89 he travelled in Italy and visited Malta, and in subsequent years he travelled in Germany, Holland, and England. In 1590-91 he was living at Graz in Styria and was nominated Historiographer by Archduke Charles. From 1592 to 1598 he was rector of the gymnasium at Klagenfurth, but at the end of that time he had to retire on account of the Jesuits, and went to Frankfurt on the Main. In 1603 the Elector of Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 1616 ; Sig. N4, recto. (Witte calls him Megisterus. ) Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 356 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz- tingen, 1813, iv. col. 1188. Biographie Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 115 ; n.d. xxvii. p. 503 (article by Weiss). MEHUN. See JEAN DE MEHUN. MEINSTOOF. See FURSTLICHE ROSE (Die) von Jericho. MEISNER (LORENTZ). Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum. Oder Erleuterung der Parabolischen und Philosophischen Schrifften Fratris Basilij, der zwolff Schlussel, von dem Stein der vhralten Weisen, vnd desselben aufsdrucklichen vnnd warhafften prepara- tion. Sampt etlichen feinen Particularen. Durch, Laurentium Meisnerum Chirurgum, Eschvvegiensem Hassum. Item, Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilij, von der Materia des Steins der Philosophen, Gefertiget durch Conrad Schulern. Eifsleben. Mit Rom. Keys. May. Freyheit. Anno M.DC.VIII. 8°. No pp. Sigs. A-G in eights ( = 111, i blank), a-e in eights (=77, 3 blank). Title red and black. 5 woodcuts. e-j recto, Colophon: Gedruckt zu Eifsleben, Durch Jacobum Gaubisch. In vorlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhandl. in Leipzig, Anno M.DC.VIII. Schiller's tract has a separate title included in the foliation (aj), as follows : Griindliche Aufslegung vnd warhafftige Erklerung der Rythmorum Fratris Basilii Valentini Monachi. Vonn der Materia, jhrer Geburt, Alter, Farb, Qualitet vfl Namen, des grossen Steins der Vhralten Philosophen. Gefertiget durch, Conrad Schulern, Furstlichen Wurtembergischen Obern Rath zu Stuttgart. Ad Momum ha ha he. Rides me ? Magis rideo te. Spernis me ? Magis sperno te. Lachestu mein ? Viel mehr ich dein. Haltestu dann auch nichts von mir, Viel weniger halt ich von dir. Anno M.DC.VIII. Gmelin states that Schiller was author also of 'Artis tractatus,' Cassel, 1612, 8°; ' Collatio plus- quam Aurea Comitis Bernard! Trevisani, de Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 518. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen &u . . . Jdcher's Allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1813, iv. col. 1279. miraculo Chimico sive de Lapide Philosophico, ' 1616. See SCHULER (CONRAD). Meisner and this book are just mentioned by Rotermund. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 208. \jsAr3.gu&,Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 990-991. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 373. MEISTERSTUK—MENNENS 87 MEISTERSTUK der koniglichen Kunst. See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen Kunst ? MELCHIOR, Episcopus Brixiensis. Ein Philosophisches Werck und Gesprach von dem Gelben und Rotten Man. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 177. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 299. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 296. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 299. MELVOLODEMET (FRANCISCUS SEBASTIANUS FULVUS), Pisanus. Non plus ultra Veritatis, Untersuchung der hermetischen Wissenschaft. See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, p. 556. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 269. MEMORIA che serve d' Introduzione alia Riforma del Catalogo de' Medicamenti della Spezieria dello Spedal Maggiore di Brescia scritta dalla Medica Deputa- zione per ordine dell' Illustriss. Presidenza di detto pio luogo. In Brescia M DCC XCIV. Dalla Stamperia Locatelli con permissione. 8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. MENAPIUS (F G ). See 'AvTiK/Dwris ad Responsum Florentini de Valentia, 1618. Copia Literarum. See FORTALITIUM scrENTi^;, 1617, 1618. Murr, Uber den waAtcn Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 36, 46. MENNENS (GUILIELMUS). Aurei velleris libri tres. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 240. Munnens, son of Willem Mennens and Mechteld Bellerum, 1604, 4°. He died at Antwerp, 28 Dec., van Doorne, was born at Antwerp in 1525. He 1608, and was buried in the church of St. James, pursued poetry, natural history, theology, medi- and left a son, Franciscus. cine, and chemistry, and was a 'searcher for the Of his book Paquot says 'it is an allegorical, blessed stone.' He edited the poems of Adrianus symbolical, physical, chemical and alchemical Scorelius, and wrote the above work : De Aureo history of Gideon and Jason, or, if you will, a heap Vellere, sive Sacrae Philosophiae, Naturae & Artis of visions.' admirabilium libri iii. Antverpiae apud Gasp. Franciscus Sweertius, Athena Belgica, 1628, p. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 315. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 56, 233. Paquot, Mtmoires, ii. pp. 671, 672. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, col. 437. 1637, p. 189. Kloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine, Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643, p. 1778, iii. p. 266. 329. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 157. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 69. Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 531, Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 50. 532. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatits, 1686, p. 381. 1806-08, p. ico (misnames him Meneus). Wittc, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 28 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. Dec. 1608 ; sig. F 4 verso. 360. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 1697, p. 33, No. 1. Nederlanden, 1869, xii. p. 593. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Ladrague.lj Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences 1731, II. i. p. 299. Secretes, 1870, No. 986. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 415. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244. MENNI—MENTZEL MENNI QOHANN HEINRICH). See TILEMANN ( ), Lapis Ignis Basilij, das ist : Guldiner Apffel . . ., 1666. Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic redivivum, quo Franciscus Antonius mira morbos Hermttique, 1742, p. 233) does not quote this, curando praestabat, Francof., no date, 8°. but another tract by Menni : Aurum potabile, Menni seems to have been the editor of Tile- mann's tract. MENSENRIET. D. Mensenriet. Vrim & Thumim Moysis welches Aaron im Amts-Schildlein getragen Feuer-bleibendes Wasser der Maccabaeorum aus dem allgewaltigen grossen Buch der Natur hervor gebracht, und Sonnen-klar an das Tage- Liecht gegeben, durch die ohnbekandten Ritter der streitbahren Insul Colchon. Philosophisches Hermetisches Kleinod, d. i. Ein hellbrennendes Feuer und Mercurialisches-Licht der Weisen, das in der Finstere leuchtet, die rechte Anima der Metallen, das Principium movens, die rechte Forma der Metallen, der rechte Sulphur &c. wodurch alles gezeiget wird. Virtutes Alchimize Artificialis, d. i. Anima Animae maximae, vel Forma Metallorum & Mineralium & essentialis ignis generativis (sic), ein Funcklein Dei, Salomon nennet es, eine Flamme des Herrn, so nimmer verloschet. Niirnberg, bey Joh. Friedrich Riidiger, 1737. 8°. Pp. 96. Fictuld calls the author Doctor Mensenried, and Ladrague puts Mensenriet as the author, quotes this book, which he condemns, while he In the British Museum Catalogue there is no admits that he knows nothing of the author. reference to Mensenriet, and I have not discovered The author of the Beytrag includes the book in any other heading under which the book might his catalogue, but takes no notice of Mensenriet have been entered, and does not speak of the author. Nor is it included by Graesse in the Trdsor. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 94. Ladrague, BibliothtqueOuvaroff Sciences Secretes, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1870, No. 1371. p. 665. MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN). Lapis Bononiensis in obscuro lucens, collatus cum Phosphoro Hermetico clariss. Christiani Adolphi Balduini, cognomine Hermetis, &c. nuper edito, et cunctis naturae indagatoribus ulterioris scrutinii ergo exhibitus a Christiano Mentzelio, D. Sereniss. Elect. Brandenb. Consil. & Archiatro S. R. Imp. Acad. Naturae Curiosor. Collega. Bilefeldiae, Sumtibus Auctoris. Typis lusti Trenckeneri. M.DC.LXXV. 12°. Pp. [42] 77 [ij. 2 plates. Christian Mentzel was born at Fiirstenwald in the to retire into private life. He carried on a ' Mittelmarck,' where his father was burgomaster, voluminous correspondence, even with friends in 15 (22) June, 1622. He studied at Frankfurt on India, and he was considered the best Chinese the Oder, and at Konigsberg, accompanied the scholar in Europe of his time. He died at Berlin, Brandenburg ambassador to Warsaw in 1647, and 17 Jan., 1701, in his 79th year. He was a member afterwards spent a year at Danzig. In 1650 he of the Leopoldine Academy, admitted 18 Feb., started to travel, and by Hamburg went to Holland, 1675, with the name ' Apollo.' Italy, the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, His writings refer principally to botany, and and Candia, and in 1654 was at length at Padua, include a polyglot dictionary of botanical terms, where he took the degree of doctor. When he and he compiled also a chronology of all the returned home he accompanied the Churftirst, Chinese kings. Frederick William, as travelling physician to the Besides the above he communicated to the Rhine, and was created councillor and private Leopoldine Academy papers on mineralogical physician. He accompanied him during subse- topics : on toad-stones, on aetites, belemnites, quent years in all his campaigns and journeys, and chelonites, &c. on his death in 1688 Mentzel requested permission MENTZEL—MERCURIJ. 89 MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN). Continued. Miscellanea Academics Naturce Cnriosoru w, Ann. col. 441; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnx- 1676, Appendix ad Annum Quartum.et Quintum, ungen, 1813, iv. col. 144^. pp. 180-214 (or in the other issue, pp. 158-189); Biichner, Academies . . . Leopoldino-Carolince Ann. 1699, Appendix, p. 191. Natures Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 467, No. 57. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 532. Matthia:, Conspec tus Histories Medicorum chrono- Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 170. logicus, 1761, p. 598. Decad. II. Actorum Medicorum Berolinensium Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 622. . . . volumen IV., 1724, pp. 3-5, with a portrait. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"decint, Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorutn Medicorum, 1778, iii. p. 268. 1730, II. i. p. 300. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practice, 1779, "'• Stolle, Anhitung zur Historic der Medicinischen p. 383 ('archiater Brandenburgicus, vir poly- Gelahrheil, 1731, pp. 679, 680, 681. mathos '). Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicte, Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 327; n.d. 1732, p. zoo. xxvii. p. 663. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1865, xxxiv. col. P- 537- 1012. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrien-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 279. MENUDIER (JEAN). See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Chymischer Wegweiser, 1710. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 384. MERCKWURDIGE Nachricht, wie es einem Schuler der Hermetischen Philosophic in dem Gesuch des Steins der Weisen ergangen. See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. ii. MERCURE (Le) Indien. See ROSNEL (P DE). MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-stab, das ist : I. Gliicks-Ruthe zu Paracelsi Chymischem Schatz. II. Menstruum seu Solvens Universale Philosophicum, darinnen das Gold sine strepitu, wie Eyfs in warmen Wasser zerschmiltzt : Samt dem gantzen Philosophischen Procefs. Ulm, In Verlegung Balthasar Kiihnen Seel. Wittib. 1679. 12°. Pp. [4] 112 [4 blank]. Each tract has a separate title-page as follows, included in the pagination. I. Gliicks-Ruthe, zu Erhebung defs von Paracelsoangezeigten KoniglichenSchatzes, zwischen Beyern und Schwaben. Beschrieben, durch A. A. Naturalium Cultorem, also benahmt. Kont ich rheinem Namen geben Einen Athem oder Leben : Wer' er gleich dem Stein Saphir, Dieses woll man glauben mir. Meine Wohnstatt wol bekannt Wird vom Hbchsten Haubt genafit, Thet' ich ihren Durch-Flufs nennen Wurde sie ein jeder kennen. Anno Salutis. HeVs ! DesVper & eX CoeLIs Gaza roratVr In terraM. [=1672, or 1677?]. II. Menstruum seu Solvens Vniversale Philosophorum. Das ist: Klarliche Beschrei- bung defs Universal-Subjecti, darinnen solch Menstruum begriffen : Und wie dessen 3. Principia zu extrahiren ; mil seinem Mare Hermetice zu componiren ; Auch zur Universal Tinctur zu perficiren ; zu Fermentiren und zu Augmentiren. Durch G. C. Saphir. Anno Salutis. OranDo & LaboranDo aCqVIrltVr (iaza eX FVnDo. [=1677.] Can there be any allusion in the verses in the preceding title-page to the author of this second tract ? MERCURIJ-ARBEIT (Ein), vnd Augment mit dem Mercuric Lunse. See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii p. 245. See EROFFNETE GEHE1MNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 545. MERCURIO— MERLIN MERCURIO (De) Alchymistarum. See ZWEY schone Chymische TraCtetlein. MERCURIO (De) Philosophico parvus tractatus. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 697. MERCURIUS TRISMEGISTUS. See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. MERLIN. Allegoria de arcano lapidis. See ARTIS AURIFER^ . volumina, 1610, i. p. 252. Allegoria . . . lapidis arcanum perfecte continens. See GINJECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 569. See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 265. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 191. Allegoria vom Geheimnuss des Steins. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 340; 1750, i. p. 413. Allegoric vom Stein der Weisen. See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 271. See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 306. The 'Allegory' of Merlin, which was printed along with Geber from the Vatican manuscript by Marcellus Silber before 1520, probably for the first time, seems to be a fairly ancient document. It describes in a symbolical way certain operations with gold and mercury, and curiously enough it quotes no authority, but refers to Egyptian and Alexandrian physicians, and it might have eman- ated from that source. It does not appear, how- ever, among the Greek writings which have re- mained to us. How it came to be attributed to Merlin is a question %vhich, so far as I am aware, has received no answer, nor is it at all certain whether it is to be ascribed to Ambrosius Merlin, or Merlin Caledonius, or to some one who has simply assumed the name. To suppose it the work of either of the two semi- historical personages who lived in the fifth and sixth centuries respectively, involves assumptions which La Vita di Merlino, Venetia, 1480, 4°; Florentia, 1495.4°; Venez., 1539, 1554. El baladro del sabio Merlin con sus profecias, Burgos, 1498, fol. Histoire de la vie, miracles, enchentemens et pro- pheties de Merlin, Paris, Verard, 1498, fol. Bale, Illustrium Maioris Britannia Serif torum . . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 27 (Ambrosius Merlinus); f. 32 (Merlinus Caledonius). (Both were prophets, both were skilful about nature, but there is no allusion to chemistry.) Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 141. Maier, Symbola aurete menses, 1617, p. 559. Pits, Relation-urn Historicarum de rebus Anglicis Tomus Primus, 1619, p. 101 (Merlinus Caledonius, Ann. 570) ; p. 89 (Ambrosius Merlinus, Ann. 480). Thomas Heywood, The life of Merlin, sirnamed Ambrosius. His Prophesies, and Predictions interpreted, London, 1641, 4°. (This is in fact a history of England.) it would be difficult to substantiate. That they were said to be of supernatural origin, that they were reckoned prophets and magicians, and that they took part in the now dimly seen events of their times, is a matter for historical investigation ; but how they acquired a knowledge of alchemical operations long before such were known in this country at all, or, for that matter, in Western Europe, makes one doubt the authorship of the present writing. The problem, therefore, at pre- sent remains without a satisfactory solution. The plausible explanation of Schmieder that the writer learned his alchemy at Alexandria is destitute of proof, and the events of the lives of the two Merlins show that they had something else to do than engage in alchemical experiments. The references which follow are chiefly to the historical persons of the name, not to the legendary Merlin, or to the present writer. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 158. Morhof, De Metallorum Transim/tatione ad . . . Joelem Langellotum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 132. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 55. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infinite Aetatis, 1736, v. p. 209 (Ambrosius Merlinus) ; p. 210 (Merlinus Caledonius). Fr. Gotthilff Freytag, Programma de Merlino Britannico, Naumburg, 1737, fol. E. D. Hauber, Bibliotheca magica, 1741, iii. pp. 480-486 (reprint of the article by Friedr. Gotthilff Freytag). Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 37, 42, 70, 170. Freytag, Analecta litleraria, 1750, p. 592 (about the above life in French printed by Verard). Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 465 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1513. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. in. MERLIN— METALLISCHER MERLIN. Continued. Jeremias Nicolaus Eyring, Synopsis historic literaries, 1783, i. p. 140. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 483- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 125. Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 379 (article by Weiss) ; n.d. xxviii. p. 46 (article by Weiss and Alf. Maury). MERRETT (CHRISTOPHER). See NERI (ANTONIO), De Arte Vitraria. Merrett was born 16 Feb., 1614, at Winchcombe, iu Gloucestershire, and was named Christopher, like his father. He entered Gloucester-Hall at Oxford in 1631, after two years removed to Oriel College, and took the degree of B.A. in 1634. Re- turning to Gloucester-Hall he studied medicine, graduated M.B. in two years, and in 1642 M.D. (Eloy says: 31 Jany., 1643.) He removed to London, acquired a considerable practice, was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians and keeper of Harvey's Museum and Library, and was an original fellow of the Royal Society. He wrote some papers on natural history and on tin mining, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 113. Hoefer, Histoire de -la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; 1866, i. p. 354 (thinks the Allegory may be by Rachaidib). 1jzAT&g\Mz,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 663. Veitch, The History and Poetry of the Scottish Border, 1878, p. 129. and got into a controversy with Stubbe about the practice of Apothecaries. He wrote also a small tract entitled ' Observations on the Ordering of Wines,' which accompanies Dr. Charleton's: 'Two Discourses. The first concerning the different wits of men. The second, A brief discourse concerning the various sicknesses of Wines.' London, 1692, pp. 113-126. ' He died,' says Wood, ' in his house near to the chappel in Hatton Garden in Holbourne, near London, on the igth of Aug., in sixteen hundred ninety and five, and was buried 12 foot deep in the church of S. Andrew in Holbourne.' Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 534, 571- Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 178. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 317. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee metallicce, 1732, p. 101. Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 415, 425. Theophilus Sincerus(?>. Georg Jacob Schwindel), Thesaurus Bibliothecalis, 1739, iii. p. 246, No. clvii. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1739, xx. col. 1032. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Ltxicon, 1740, P- 542. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 468 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergans- itngen, 1813, iv. col. 1517. Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 623. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 539. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 1778, iii. p. 279. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 98. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100. MESUNG QOHANN VON). See JEAN DE MEHUN. METALLISCHER Baumgarten, in welchem das einzige wahre Subjectum Philosophise oder Primum ens Metallorum blofs und gantz offenbar, vor Augen gelegt, und bechrieben worden ist; von einem Freunde, deme die Wahrheit bewust ist, und der einen ieden vom falschen Weg gern ableiten, hingegen zu dem wahren einzigen Brunnen der Metallen, fiihren und bringen will. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. Anno 1741. 8°. Pp. 87 [i]. About the authorship of this tract see STEIN- edition, of date 1753, 8°, pp. 87, same place and BERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). Another publisher, is quoted by Ladrague. Rich. Pulteney, Historical and .Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England, 1790, i. pp. 290-297. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 166, 195. Aikin, General Biography, 1808, vii. p. 56. . Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Appendix iv. p. xxii. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 1815, xxii. p. 75. Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxiii. sub voce. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25). vi. p. 258. Wood, Athene? Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. cols. 430-2. Munk, The Roll oj the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1861, i. p. 240. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- genden Aerzte, 1886, iv. p. 214. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 196. Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxvii. p. 288. John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempo- raries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, ii. p. 59. Beytrag zur Geschichte der kbhern Chemie, 1785, p. 672. \^aArz.^R.,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes^ Moscow, 1870, No. 1382. 92 METALLISCHER—MEURDRAC METALLISCHER Baumgarten. Continued. [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] [Another Copy.] METALLORUM (De) generatione Tractatus. See MUS/EUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 305. METALLORUM (De) materia, & artis imitatione Vetus Epistola. See GRATAROLO (c.), Vera Alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 263. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 187. METALLORUM (De) Metamorphosi Tractatus. See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres Tractatus . . ., 1668, p. i. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 676. Mangel assigns this to Philaletha. METALLURGIA. . See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, 1746, 1747. METAMORPHOSIS. See MONTE-SNYDER (jOHANN DE). METHOD and Materials pointed at, composing the Sophick Mercury. See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709. MEUNG (JEAN DE). See JEAN DE MEHUN. MEURDRAC (MARIE). Die mitleidende und leichte Chymie, dem loblichen P>auen-Zimmer zu sonder- bahrem Gefallen in Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben durch Jungfer Maria Meurdrac, nunmehr in Teutsch ubersetzt, und zum zweyten mahl heraufs- gegeben, von J. L. M. C. Sampt einem Tractatlein, wie man allerhand wohlriechende Sachen kiinstlich prsepariren sol, durch Johann Muflfatz. Franckfurt, In Verlegung Johann David Zunners, 1676. 12°. Pp. [8] 312 [19, i blank]. Wants pp. 141-2. La Chimica Caritatevole, e Facile, in favor delle dame scritto in Francese dalla Sig. M. M. e tradotto da Narbonte Pordoni. Dedicato all' Illustriss., & Eccellentiss. Sig. Donna Anna Altieri Colonna Principessa di Carbognano &c. In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXII. Appresso Pontio Bernardon a 1'Insegna del Tempo. Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio. 12°. Pp. 12, 256 [20]. Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 228 Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' (quotes editions of Frankf., 1673, 1676, 1689, 1712, Transactions of the Archaeological Society of 1738 ; Erfurt, 1731, 8°). Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 194, 251. Ladrague,Z?z'Ww/A<tywe Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes, 1870, No. 1104. ME YER—ME YNIER 93 MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Johann Friedrich Meyers, Apothekers zu Ofsnabriick, Chymische Versuche, zur naheren Erkenntnifs des ungeloschten Kalchs, der elastischen und electrischen Materie, des allerrelnsten Feuerwesens, und der urspriinglichen allgemeinen Saure. Nebst einem Anhange von den Elementen. Hanover und Leipzig, bey Johann Wilhelm Schmidt, 1764. 8°. Pp. 16 [8] 418 [28, 2 blank]. Vignette with the motto : Non sine elatere, and tail-piece. There was a French translation by Le Dreux, Paris, 1766, 12°. Alchymistische Briefe. Von dem Verfasser der Chymischen Versuche zur nahern Erkantnifs des ungeloschten Kalchs, &c. an den Herausgeber gegen- wartiger Briefe. Hannover, gedruckt bey H. E. C. Schliiter, 1767. 4°. Pp. 6 1 [i blank, i, i blank]. [Another Copy.] Meyer was born at Osnabruck in 1705. He received his first education from his father and in the gymnasium. At the age of nine he lost his father, but he still went on reading and studying till he was 15, when he was apprenticed to an apothecary. After this was finished he went to Leipzig and then to Nordhausen. On his recovery from an attack of fever he went up to Clausthel and St. Andreasberg in the Harz. Next to Frankfurt a. M. and to Trier, whence, after a year's residence, he went to Halle. After two years he was sum- moned home to take charge of an apothecary's shop belonging to his grandmother, and in 1738 he married. His wife lived for 21 years and then died. He seems to have been always delicate, and in March, 1765, when he wrote his autobiographical letter to Baldinger he tells how he had suffered for twenty eight years from violent acidity, and that he had used 1200 pounds of a form of chalk to correct it ! He died of fever in November, 1765. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 60. Giildenfalk, Sammlungvon . . . Transmutations- geschichte, 1784, p. 376 (describes Constantini's experiments). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 330, 587- Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergiinzungen zu . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1813, iv. col. 1622. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 564. Meyer is remembered in the history of chemistry by his theory of an acidnm pingite and his view as to the causticity of lime, which was the reverse of that put forward by Black. He was a diligent chemist, and for some time his views had strong support, even from Lavoisier, but they ultimately disappeared. Stimulated by the results obtained by his friend Dr. Constantini in Hanover, he also made experi- ments with a view to transmutation, and these are recorded in his 'Alchymistische Briefe,' but inci- dentally he made some positive observations. The ' Briefe ' were edited by Andreas, who in his preface speaks in high terms of Meyer. For his life see his letter to E. G. Baldinger above mentioned, prefixed to Joh. Christian Wiegleb's Kleine Chymische Abhandlungen von dem grossen Nutzen der Erkenntnifs des Acidi pinguis .... Langensalza, 1767, or 1771. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 362 ; 1869, ii. p. 354. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. pp. 16, 34-42, 317, 318 ; 1847, iv. pp. 214, 341, 373. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 1855, p. 603 ('acidum pingue'). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 134. La.Arzg\\e,Bibliotheque Ouvaro/,Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 594. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 80. MEYNIER (DENIS). Speculum Vniversi. Cathena Homeri Aurea in hac Mundi Vniversitate. Nomen-Clatura. Physico Chimicis Exoptatissima. Et pro Choronide pro- fundissimum totius Medicinae Arcanum in Auro Potabili, Panacea Vniversali, & Particulari conficiendis sub Idiomate Gallico. Authore, Dionisio Meynier luris Vtriusque Perito, turn Philosophic Naturalis Professore acuratissimo (sic). Bonnse, Anno Salutis, 1674. 8°. Pp. 104. 94 ME YNIER—MICHELSPA CHER MEYNIER'(DENis). Continued. The Nomenclatura and Le Tresor de la Vie have separate titles and pagination as follows : Nomenclatura ad Artem Trismegisticam, et Elixiris Magni, seu Lapidis Physici Compositionem ; Phisico-chymiae-amazio non solum perutilis, imo Curiosissima secun- dum Eruditissimos, Antiquissimos, nee non recentiores Philosophos. Eodem Authore Anno Domini M.DC.LXXIV Pp. 1-69 [p. 70 blank]. Le Tresor de la Vie. Consistant ez Mysteres les plus releve's de toutte la Medicine : tant Hipocratique, Galenique, que spagirique. En faveur des Enfants de la Science, et pour 1'utilite du Public. Par Denis Meynier Docteur en droit Civil, & Canon & Professeur tres fidelle en Philosophic Naturelle. A Bone en l'Anne"e 1.674. Pp. 7I-I54- MEZAHAB Epistola de Auro potabili. See HANNEMANN (jOHANN LUDWIG), Ovum Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trismegisturn, 1694, p. i. MEZAREPH. See AESCH MEZAREPH. MICHAEL SCOTUS. See SCOTUS (MICHAEL). MICHAELIS QOHANN). See HARTMANN (JOHANN), Praxis chymiatrica edita a J. Michaelis &c., 1647. Dissertatio Pharmaceutico-Therapeutica de Natura Tincturse Bezoardicse. See SCHULTZ (GOTTFRIED), 1678. Michaelis was a native of Soest in Westphalia, his whole attention, for the works of Hartman were where he was born in 1606 (1607, Billings). He edited by him, and H. ab Heer's Spadacrene, and studied medicine at Wittenberg under Sennertus, prefaces were contributed by him to other works, but, as was the custom, he visited other Universi- His death took place at Leipzig, 29 Nov., 1667. ties in Germany and Holland, and finally graduated His works, Opera Omnia, were collected and pub- at Leipzig, Mag. Phil., 1630; Dr. med., 1631. lished at Niirnberg, 1688,4°; 1698. He became professor of medicine there, and he in- Haller (Bibl. Med. Prac., ii. p. 325) ascribes to troduced the use of chemical remedies and invented J. Michaelis: Apologia chymica ad versus Libavii several specifics. He was a very successful prac- calumnias, Middelburg, 1597 ; but this seems an titioner, and was physician to the Courts of Saxony error on Haller's part, or else it must be a different and Altenburg, and filled various academical posi- J. Michaelis. tions. Medical practice did not, however, occupy Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam , . . Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. Introductio, 1687, p. 135 (Cap. III. Addit. 37 * * *) ; pp. 325, 407 (edition of Crollius), 591 (theses) ; 1779, p. 385 (Cap. XI. Add. 6**). iii. p. 170. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarortim, Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 1688, p. 1404. 1778, iii. p. 293. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 21. 1731, II. i. p. 323. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 1806-08, p. 185. Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 711. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 25), vi. p. 272. 1732, p. 101. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740, worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 143. p. 546. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. cales, 2eme SeYie, 1873, vii. p. 551. col. 512; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1669. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. Matthiae, Conspectus Hi siorice Medicorum chrono- p. 230 (article by Pagel). togicus, 1761, pp. 468-9. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 245. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 328. MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN). See CABALA, Spiegel der Kunst und Natur : in Alchymia. MICHELSPA CHER—MICROCOSMISCHE 95 MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN). Continued. The edition of the Cabala quoted by Rotermund is that of August. Vindel. , 1654, 4°. Michelspacher, belonging to the Tyrol, is called by Kestner a physician who lived at the beginning of the I7th century and issued in 1615 an ana- tomical work with the title : Pinax microcosmo- graphicus, seu admirandas partium hominis fabricas historica enarratio, as well as the above. Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 436. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 213. Kb'nig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 539. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 983. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 336. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen, 1734, p. 209. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 548. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 299, 300. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Michelspacher was a friend of Rernmelin's and dedicated the Cabala to htm. Their names are also associated in the production of the anatomical plates in the Pinax, but Remmelin was really the author, as Michelspacher himself explains in the dedication to the present work. See REMMELIN (JOHANN). col. 521 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdns- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1693. Matthias, Conspectus Hislorice Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 549. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785, p. 617. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 517 (Alkumistica), 563 (Cabala). Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, p. 31. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ; 1869, ii. p. 319. Kopp Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 230, 354. MICONIUS (ACHATIUS). See MYCONIUS (ACHATIUS). MICRERIS. Tractatus, suo discipulo Mirnefindo. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 90. The above is a reprint of the first edition : Tractatus Alchymisticus suo discipulo Mirnefindo dicatus, Ursell., 1622,8°. In one place (p. 159) Borel quotes the above from the Theatrum under Micreris, but in another (p. 249) he puts it under Mireris : Mireris tractatus de Al- chimia, ad discipulum. Nazari has a similar entry : Mireris tractatus ad discipulum. So Lambye quotes Mireris and other writers also. If they be identical, as may be plausibly assumed from the title of the writing, addressed as it is ' to a disciple ' in both cases, then according to Borel there are other forms of the name, viz. : ' Miserius philosophus alchimicus, ex Brachesco ' ; ' Miseris Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sos>ni tre, IS99. P- I4I (calls him Mireris, and quotes the above). Lambye, Re-delation of the Secret Spirit, 1623, p. 34 (quotes the ' Book of Documents ' of Mireris), Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 366. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 159, 161. 162, 249. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 824. (idem forsan cum praecedenti) ab Hortulano & Brachesco inter Chrysoposire scriptoresmemoratus' ; ' Mirneris, idem forsan, ac Mireris.' Whether this be correct or not, and whether Micreris and Mireris denote the same person or not, it is difficult to decide ; but there is some scope for speculation about both the person and his name. I have not succeeded in getting any information as to either Micreris or Mirnefindus. There is not even a bold guess or hazardous speculation by Schmieder, for he does not mention him at all. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 336. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 56. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon \ Roter- mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. col. 1699. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; 1866, i. p. 354. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1096 (the above). MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele des Neuen Himmels und der Neuen Erde; Wie dem Menschen, als dem Bilde Gottes, von Gott zugelassen, aus der alten verfluchten Erde eine neue vom Himmel gesegnete Erde, zur Ergotzung des Gemiiths, und zur Erhaltung des Leibes, microcosmisch und quintessentialisch heraus zu bringen : Item, Was es mit dem Paradiefs und dem Fall Adams vor eine Bewandnifs habe, und wie Jesus die gantze unter dem Fluch liegende Schopffung wieder zu rechte bringen und Paradiesisch machen konne und 96 MICROCOSMISCHE— MIZALDUS MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele. Continued. wolle, auch defswegen an seinem eigenen in der Maria angenommenen Leibe den Anfang gemacht habe, nach denen in der aussern sichtbaren Natur wiirckenden zwey ewigen unsichtbaren Principiis, nemlich des Lichts und der Finsternifs, zur Verherrlichung des grossen Jehovah, der Welt vor Augen geleget von einem Liebhaber gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse. Andere von dem Autore selbst verbesserte Edition. Amsterdam, Anno 1744. 8°. Pp. [16, Symbolic frontispiece included] 128. Title red and black. There was a later edition : Frankfurt und Leipzig, Fictuld (Probter-Stein, 1753, part I. p. in) 1784, 8°. makes much of this work (which, he says, first In the preface the author narrates how after appeared in 1733) and defends it from the attack of spending a year in operations which had no result, Dippel, putting it in " the first class." There is no he at last had revealed to him the secret methods reference to where Dippel's criticism can be found. which are explained in this tract. Both editions are mentioned in the Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 667, 683. MICROCOSMISCHE (Das) Vorspiel eines neuen Himmels und der neuen Erde. See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 167. MILAN. See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galenico-Chymicus. MINERA (De) Philosophica. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 655. MINERA Philosophorum. See GINjECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349. MINERALISCHE (Das) Gluten. See W(ALCHIN) (D(OROTHEA) I(ULIANA)), 1705. MINERALOGIA. See THEOPHILUS. MIRANDOLA (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO Pico BELLA). See PICUS MIRANDULANUS (JOANNES FRANCISCUS). MIRERIS. See MICRERIS. MIRIAM. See MARIA. MIRONE-PASQUALI (GIUSEPPE). See SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO), Element! di Chimica, 1790. MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS). Centuriae ix. Memorabilium, Vtilium, ac lucundorum in Aphorismos Arcanorum omnis generis locupletes, perpulcre digests ; Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano, medico auctore. Accessit his Appendix nonnullorum Secretorum, Experi- mentorum, Antidotorumque contra varies morbos, tam ex libris manuscriptis MIZALD US— MOD US 97 MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS). Continued. quam typis excusis, collecta. Seorsum excusa, Harmonia caelestium corporum & humanorum, dialogis vndecim Astronomice & Medice per Anton. Mizaldum elaborata & demonstrata. Item Memorabilium aliquot naturae Arcanorum Syluula, rerum variarum Sympathias & Antipathias, libellis n. complectens. 1592. Francofurdi Ex officina typographica loannis Wecheli. Square 16°. Pp. [32] 267 [i blank]. Printer's device. The Harmonia and the Silvula have separate titles, signatures, and pagination as follows : Harmonia Ccelestium Corporum et Humanorum Dialogis vndecim astronomice & medice per Anton. Mizaldum Monlucianum elaborata & demonstrata. Ad Antonium Olivarium Lumbariensium antistitem eximium. Francofurdi ex officina typographica loannis Wecheli, M.D.XCII. Pp. 93 [i] [2 pages, blank? wanting]. Memorabilium Aliquot Naturae Arcanorum Silvula, Rerum variarum Sympathias, & Antipathias, seu naturales concordias & discordias, libellis duobus complectens. Autore Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano. Francofurti, apud loannem Wechelum, & Petrum Fischerum consortes. Pp. 88. Mizaldus was born at Monlucon, in the Bour- bonnais, studied at Bourges and Paris, where he graduated, and devoted himself to medical practice, in which he acquired much success and renown by the extraordinary cures which he effected. He was also distinguished in Mathematics and Philosophy, but when he was at the height of his fame he with- drew from practice to devote himself to the study of science and of the wonders and secrets of Nature, upon which he wrote many books. Niceron gives a list of forty-one on meteorology, comets, as- tronomy (astrology), cosmography, sympathy and antipathy, almanacks, mathematics, agriculture, gardening, notable things, secrets of the moon, etc., etc. He died at Paris in 1578. Thuanus commends him for his learning and judgment. Other critics, however, have taken a much less favourable view of his work, La Monnoye finding fault with his Latinity, Niceron complaining of his books being stuffed with false and useless Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 1637, p. 41. Ghilini, Teatro d'Huomini letterati, 1647, i. pp. 17-19. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 543. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 75. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687 (Add. c. ix. 4*), p. 287. Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 1688, p. 1276. Teissier, \Les Rloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, iii. pp. 154-157- Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 339. Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen, 1734, P- 144- Niceron, Mtmoires, 1739, xl. pp. 200-213. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, P- 552. notions, and Teissier quoting the opinion of the author of the Diversitez Curieuses, ii. p. ii, who expresses his surprise at people being simple enough to put any belief in the ' Centuriae,' seeing that the book is full of trifles and superstitious nonsense, of which he gives an example. M6nard, the publisher, meditated an edition of his collected works, but the Mascurat (p. 135) pre- vented him carrying out this design by showing him that Mizaldus was a man ready to believe any fabrication : Quaelibet 4 quovis mendacia credere promptus. The 'Centuriae' were first printed at Paris in 1566, and repeatedly afterwards. Editions appeared at Cologne in 1572, 1573, 1574 which are of special interest, for they contain reprints of Pizimenti's translation of the writings of Democritus, Synesius, and Pelagius on Alchemy. These I have considered in communications to. the Glasgow Philosophical Society. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 237. Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 560 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1816. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdedne, 1755, ii. p. 190 ; 1778, iii. p. 306. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 244. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 91. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 71. Ferguson, Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1885, xvi. p. 39; 1891, xxii. p. 295. Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 352. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Part iv. , Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, 1888, New Series, i. pp. 301-315. MODUS procedendi in praeparatione lapidis philosophici. See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 126. See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 201. See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 258. See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 200. II. G 98 MOEBIUS MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). Anatomia Camphone, ejus originem, qualitates, praeparationes Chimicas, ac vires, quas in omnibus fere totius humani corporis morbis instar panaceas cujusdam praestat, nee non in aliis rebus usum succincte exhibens Gothofredi Moebii, Med. D. P. P. Medici Elect. Brandenburg, nee non Admin. Archiepicop. (sic) Magdeburg. Jense, Impensis Joh. Ludovici Neuenhahnii, Charactere Sengenvvaldiano, Anno M DC LX. 4°. Pp. [8] 104. A collection of opinions about camphor, from a number of writers. The latter part contains the preparations of camphor and the ailments for which they are useful. Neu-angeziindt-hell-brennendes Feuer, oder Mercurial-Liecht, so denen verzagten Alchymisten aufs neue widerum angeziindet wird, von einem wohl-bekandten, doch ungenanten Freund. So geschehen im Jahr Christi 1 680. Augspurg, Gedruckt bey Jacob Koppmayer. 8°. Pp. [12] 33 [3 blank]. Folding symbolical engraving. Preface signed Gottfried Moebius M.D. [Another Copy.] Wants the symbolical plate. [Another Copy.] Wants the symbolical plate. After 14 years' constant labour in pursuit of the stone he came to the conclusion that it was a mere fancy. To warn his fellow-men from pursuing this chimaera he wrote a tract which he called ' Gauckel- Taschner,' in which he pointed out the errors or delusions into which the chemists ran. When he was about to print this he encountered an aged chemist, and when he tried to prove to him that his search was futile, the chemist ultimately showed him that he was in error, and that all alchemists were not cheats. So he burned his tractate and received the present one from the chemist with per- mission to print it, which he accordingly did. Gottfried Moebius, the editor (or author), was born in 1611 at Laucha in Thuringia, studied medicine under Rolfinck, with whom he was a favourite, took his degree at Jena and became professor of medicine there, and was an active practitioner and author. He had a remarkable escape from drowning, in memory of which he gave away on each succeeding Concio Funebris D. Christiani Chemnitii Theol. Prof. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 544. Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 355. Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Introductio, 1687, p. 182 (Add. c. iv. § 39 *) ; p. 229 (Add. c. vi. §7*); (commended by Schel- hammer). Freher, Theatrum virorum erudition* clarorum, 1688, p. 1396 ; portrait, plate 64. Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ttt i verso, 25 April, 1664. Joannes Caspar Zeumer, Vita Professorum medi- cince Academia Jenensis, 1711, Class iii. pp. 42-46. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, liter- ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 703. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 341. anniversary of the event certain alms to poor people. He died at Halle on 25 April, 1664, and was buried at Jena. He wrote a large number of academic disserta- tions, a list of which is given by Haller, and other books, for which see Mercklin, Mangel, Pauly, and others. His work is commended by Schelhammer, but rather unfavourably noticed by Bayle & Thillaye, and flaws are poinled oul by Reimmann. The presenl Iract is not contained in any of these lists, and it is mentioned only by Jocher. Looking at the date, Ladrague asks pcrtinenlly whelher the editor (or author) is Ihe falher or ihe son of Ihe same name? Of the latter the only thing I have found is that he edited a work of his father's in 1667. If the events recorded in the preface took place in 1680 they could not apply to the elder man, but the preface itself seems to indicate that he really wrote it. There is however some doubt about the authorship. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 6, 7, 278, 279, 507. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, P- 553- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 567 ; Rotennund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1836. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- logicus, 1761, p. 497. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 508. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 422 (calls him ' Gottlieb'). Haller, Bibliotheca Chirtirgica, 1774, i. p. 342. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1777, ii. p. 647. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de a Mt'decine, 1778, iii. p. 308. MOEBIUS—MOHYUS 99 MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). Continued. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 128. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 25), v'i. p. 279. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i. p. 421. Johannes Giinther, Lebensskizzen der Professoren der Universitiit Jena, 1858, p. 121. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1187. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique dts Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme SeVie, 1874, viii. p. 265. Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Mldicales, 1874, cols. 461, 462, 710. Hirsch, Biographisches I^exikon der hervorragen- den Aerzte aller Zeifen und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 253. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 355. MOGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG). Vellus Aureum, Das giildene Fliifs : Das ist Chymisches Kleinod, oder Philo- sophische Beschreibung der hochsten Medicin, und erquickenden Bronnen defs Lebens Auri Potabilis. Geschriben und bereitet von Job. Lud. Moglin, Med. Doct. Stuttgart, Gedruckt bey johann Weyrich Rofslin, Anno 1665. 12°. Pp. 72. Johann Ludsvig Moegling, or Moglin, was born at Tubingen in 1613, and was the son of Daniel Moegling, a native of Tubingen, and professor of medicine there. Johann Ludwig studied in his native place and took the degree of master, went to Altdorf on account of the unrest caused by the war, in 1640 graduated doctor of medicine at Tubingen and became town physician, ordinary professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and extra- ordinary professor of medicine in 1660, and then ordinary professor in 1687. He died in 1693. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 43, No. Ixviii. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 568 ; Rotermund's Fortzetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1840. Boeck, Geschichte der Universitiit Tubingen, p. 134- His inaugural dissertation was entitled : Palin- genesia seu resurrectio plantarum ejusque resurrec- tionem corporum nostrorum applicatio, Tubing. , 4°. He is said also to have written : Tractatus de i nconsiderato acidularum usu and Theoria sanitatis. Haller ascribes to him : De febre epidemica ab anno passim seeviente, Tubingen, 1621, 4°, but the Tractatus de inconsiderate acidularum usu, Fri- burg. , 1615, 8°, he assigns to Johann Phil. Moe- gling- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii. p. 448. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785, p. 620. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244. MOGLING (DANIEL). See FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA. See SCHWEIGHARDT (THEOPHILUS). MOFFETT (THOMAS). See MOUFET (THOMAS). MOHYUS (ERVCIUS). Pulvis Sympatheticus. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. 336. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66l, p. 231. See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. l6$. According to Eloy, his name was Henri Mohy, latinized Erycius Mohyus, and he belonged to Rondchamp, a village near Liege, on the frontier of Luxembourg. He had studied medicine and practised it with credit from 1620 to 1654, and two writings are ascribed to him : Tertianse crisis, Lovanii, 1642, 4°. Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 545. Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 262. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, II. i. p. 342. Pulvis sympatheticus qu6 vulnera sanantur absque medicamenti ad partem affectam applica- tione et superstitione, 1654, 4°, without place or printer's name. For a criticism of Mohyus' views, see DEUSING (ANTON). Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 1778, iii. p. 309. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- cales, 2eme Serie, 1875, ix. p. 71. IOO HOLLER— MONTANOR HOLLER (FRIEDRICH). D. O. M. A. Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymise oder drey schone Tractatlein, vom Stein der Weisen. So zuvor niemalfs inn Druck kommen, auch bifshero gantz verborgen gehalten worden sind. Nun aber den Filijs Doctrinae vnd alien Liebhabern Alchymiae, zu Ehren publiciret, vnd in offenen Druck verfertiget, durch Fridericum Mollerum, Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore, Churf. Brandenburgischen bestalten Medicum der Veste Ciistrin in der New- marck, etc. Gedruckt zum Berlin, Im Jahr 1618. 8°. Sigs. A-D in eights, E in four, or pp. [72]. The three tracts are : Paracelsus : dafs zehende Buch Archidoxis, vom Stein der Weysen, Bij. Ein Procefs auff den Lapidem Philosophorum, aufs einem gar alien Biichlein eines Scriptoris Anonymi, Dij. Eine Beschreibung von der wahren Tinctura Philosophorum, eines Autoris Anonymi, Dvij. Though nothing seems to be recorded about this person, it is possible that he was the father of another Friedrich Moller or Moller, who was born Beughem, Syllabus recens exploratorum in re medica, physica et chymica, Amst., 1696, p. 88. at Ciistrin in the Marck, and after travelling in Holland, Denmark and Poland, graduated at Kb'nigsberg in 1644 as Doctor of Medicine, and ultimately became the private physician of the Churfurst in his native place. He wrote a disserta- tion, De partu 173 dierum vivo, Ciistrin, 1662, 12°, and some other medical tracts, and if it were not for the dates, one might be disposed to identify the present author with the later physician, who is mentioned by Jocher. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 571 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1854. MONDEN-SCHEIN. See CHYMISCHER MONDENSCHEIN. For alchemical books with the Moon for the title, see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390. MONGEZ (JEAN-ANDRE*) le jeune. See OBSERVATIONS sur la physique, &c. Jean-Andre", the brother of Antoine Mongez, was born at Lyons in 1751, was a physician and member of several academies and canon regular of Ste. Genevieve. He joined the expedition of Laperouse as surgeon and almoner, and perished in it. He wrote a description of an apparatus for Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxix. p. 372 ; i date, xxviii. p. 622. Querard, La France litteraire, 1834, vi. p. 205. reducing fractures, and translated Bergmann's mineralogy from the Swedish, 1784. He took a great share in drawing up the early volumes of the ' Course of Agriculture ' of Rozier, and from 1779 was one of the editors of the above journal, which was afterwards entitled ' Journal de Physique.' no Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxv. col. MONTANOR (Guioo DE). Scala Philosophorum. See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 134. See also SCALA Philosophorum. Guido de Montanor, or Montano, or Guido Magnus de Monte, not Guido de Monte, was apparently a Frenchman, who flourished in the fourteenth or fifteenth century, judging from the fact that while he quotes Roger Bacon and Richardus, he in turn is referred to by writers of the fifteenth century, as by Ripley, who says that his ' fame goeth wide,' and calls him also ' sapient Guido.' Besides the Scala Philosophorum, he is credited with Decreta chymica, printed in Rhenanus' Harmonia imperscrutabilis, and De arte chymica libellus, printed in CondeKsya.nus' ffarmonta, Fran- cofurti, 1625, 8°. Of this there is a German translation, Guidonis Magni de Monte Thesaurus chymiatricus, oder lange verborgener Schatz der Chyinie, Halle, 1623, 8°. Borel says that he is praised by Ripley, and wrote an Epistola chemica to a certain Greek Bishop. He also quotes De arte Alchemice libellus, which is probably only a variation of the above title. Some of these tracts I have not seen, and am consequently unable to say whether they are different or not. Nazari includes the Scala philosophorum in his list, but does not allude to Guido de Montanor. Baumer ascribes to him not only the Scala Philosophorum and Libellus de Arte chemica, but also the Clangor Buccinff, and Correctio Fatuorum. MONTANOR— MONTANUS 101 MONTANOR (Gumo DE). Continued. Ripley, The Compound of Alchymy, 1591, V^recto (' The fourth Gate,' stanza 8) ; Fj recto ('The fifth Gate,' stanza 8) ; or in Ashmole's Theatrum Chemi- cwn Britannicum, 1652, p. 146, st. 8 ; p. 150, st. 8. Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 144. Maier, Symbola A urea Menses, 1617, p. 347. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 109, 163. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Herntitique, 1742, iii. pp. 43, 58, 69. Fictuld, Turbo. Philosophorum, 1763, p. 117. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 93. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 607. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 53. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 155. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 404; 1866, i. p. 428. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 914. MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). Lud. Conr. Montani Griindliche Anweisung, zu der wahren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, und zu dem Geheimnifs der Alten des Steins der Weisen zu gelangen. Aus einem sehr alten raren Bamberigischen Manuscript, ans Licht gestellet von Johann Ludolph ab Indagine. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1751. 8°. Pp. [32] 94 [2]- Occulta Philosophia, oder Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio Stultorum. See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). In the preface we are informed that the MS. from which this book was derived bore the date 1635, so that it is not of such a great age as the title-page would lead us to infer. It was drawn up by the author as a complete exposition, and sent to a friend in Bamberg, by name Sonneberger. As the author had concealed himself under the name Montanus, Sonneberger stated that his actual name was Ludwig Conrad von Bergen, while Sonneberger called himself, Ich Sags Nicht. This phrase, it may be noticed in passing, has been also held as referring to Johann Ambrosius SIKBMACHER. The editor goes on to say that where Montanus resided is not so easy to determine, but from a phrase in Cap. VI. the editor thinks it possible he may have lived in the Rhineland and on the borders of France, as he shows himself well acquainted Missiv an die hocherleuclitete Briiderschaft des Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreuizes, 1783, p. 103. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 671. MONTANUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). Sententia de Sublimatione. See GRATAROLO (G.), VercG AlchemicC . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 35. with mines in that country. ' But whoever he was, and whatever his name was, he was an excellent guide.' The book is a new edition of the work of Ludwig Conrad Orvius, which, however, has been subjected to a good deal of alteration both in the preface and in the text. From the former has been omitted the author's account of his treatment by a society of Rosicrucians, and in the text there are not only changes of words and phrases, but passages have been omitted and others have been inserted. The chapters, too, have been differently divided. How much of this is due to differences in the original sources, how much to the later editor ab Indagine, it would be hardly possible now to say. See more under ORVIUS. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der R'osenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 114, 122 ; 1787, ii. p. 177. Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. u, 58. Presumably the author of the above is Joannes Baptista Montanus, the physician and poet, who was born in 1498, and belonged to a noble family at Verona. He practised at Rome and Naples, where also he expounded the odes of Pindar, then at Padua, where after four years he was appointed professor of medicine. On 6 May, 1551, he died of stone at Terazzo in the Veronese district, where he had gone for change of air. Ghilini, Teatro d1 Huomini letterati, 1647, ii. p. 140. Borel, Btbliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 249. Konig, Btbliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 551. Freher, Theatrum virorutn erudilione clarorum, 1688, p. 1232 ; portrait, plate 55. Teissier, Eloges ties Hommes Savans, 1715, i. PP- 92-95- Stolle, Anleitung zur His forte der Medicin ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 134, 136, 137, &c., &c. He wrote a number of works relating to medicine, explanations of Galen, Avicenna, Razis, a treatise ' De medicamentis simplicibus,' Venice, 1554, 8°, and ' Demonstrationes aquas destillatas per alem- bicum etiam a calidis herbis esse frigidas. Several of his works were edited by his pupils. The above is not mentioned in the lists of his writings, if it be by him. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740, p. 560- Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 237, 238. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 627; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- itngen, 1813, iv. col. 2027. Morwitz, Geschichte der A fedicin, 1848, i. p. 237; 1849, ii. p. 131. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 426. io2 MONTE— MONTE CUBITI MONTE (GuiDO MAGNUS DE). See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE). Tractatulus seu Descriptio Philosophic! Adrop. See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 543. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 382. MONTE CUBITI (VIGILANTIUS DE). Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, in welchem begriffen dreyer vornehmen Philosophorum herrliche Tractatlein. Das erste von dem geheimen waaren Saltz der Philosophorum, und allgemeinen Geist der Welt, H. Nuysement aus Lothringen. Das andere Mercurius Redivivus Unterricht von dem Philoso- phischen Stein so wol den weisen als rohten aus dem Mercurio zu machen, Samuelis Nortoni sonsten Rinville. Und das dritte von dem Stein der Weisen Marsilii Ficini Florentini, welche ehedessen von denen Authoribus in Frantz- osischer und Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, nunmehro aber alien Lieb- habern, so der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig, zum besten, in unser Teutsche Muttersprach iibersetzet, und mit einem zweyfachen Register zum Druck verfertiget. Durch Vigilantium de Monte Cubiti. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Michael und Johann Friderich Endtern, 1667. 8°. Pp. [24, engraved title containing emblematical sorrel included] 448. Index [32]. 16 symbolic engravings. Nuysement, p. i ; Norton, p. 209 ; Ficinus, p. 373. Herrn de Nuysement Tractat von dem waaren geheimen Saltz der Philosophorum, und von dem allgemeinem (sic) Geist der Welt. Zu ergantzung des lang-begehrten dritten Principii, Michaelis Sendivogii, welches er vom Saltze verheissen hat. Mercurius Redivivus oder Unterricht, wie man den Philosophischen Stein, sowol den weissen, als den rohten, aus dem Mercurio machen solle. Erstlich von weiland Samuele Nortono, sonsten Rinvillo Briszollensi angefangen. Nachmals mit Fleifs ver- bessert und vermehret, durch Edmundum Deanum von Oxonien, Doctorem der Artz- ney, zu Eborach in Engelland. Nunmehr aber wegen seiner grossen Nutzbarkeitdieser Kunst Liebhabern, die der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig sind, zum besten aufs fleissigste in die Teutsche Muttersprach versetzet worden. Bey welchem Ttractiitlein (sic) zu finden, wie man beede Fermenta, so wol zum weisen, aus der Luna oder dem Silber, als zum rohten aus Sole oder dem Golde machen solle. This is in eight books, each of which has a short Metamorphosis Lapidum ignobilium in Genimas title in Latin and German : pretiosas, p. 313 ; 7. Alchymiae Complementum et I. Mercurius Redivivus, p. 211 ; 2. Catholicon Perfectio, p. 329 ; 8. Auslegung der duncklen Physicorum, p. 231 ; 3. Venus vitriolata, p. 247 ; Wbrter, Namen und seltzamen Reden, so in dieser 4. Elixir, seu Medicina Vitae, p. 263 ; 5. Saturnus Kunst gefiihret werden, p. 355. saturatus dissolutus & Coelo restitutus, p. 283 ; 6. Marsilii Ficini Btichlein vom Stein der Weisen, erstlich von dem Authore selbsten in Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, anjetzo aber alien Liebhabern und des Lateins unkiindigen zulieb in die Teutsche Muttersprach iibersetzet. [Another Copy.] The name of the present editor appears in Dresden, in 1757, under the title Eines wahre/i Lenglet Dufresnoy's list, with an inaccurate and Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie. ignorant transcription of the title ; it is given by See under H. (c. G. ). Gmelin, by Ladrague, and by Kopp, but nothing For other editions of the tracts see under the is said as to the true name of the editor. names of the respective authors. Deane's or Norton's tracts were reprinted at Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13. Hermctique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliolheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Beytrag zur Geschichte der hb'hern Chemie, 1785, Secretes, 1870, No. 611. p. 621. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 338. MONTE HERMETIS- MONTE RAPHAIM 103 MONTE HERMETIS (JOHANN DE). Joannis de Monte Hermetis Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri per Somnium, das 1st : Erlauterung defs Hermetischen Giildenen Flufs, alien desselbigen emsigen Bestreitern zur Nachricht, darzu zu gelangen ; Aufs einem Cabalis- tischen Ratzel' erklaret und an Tag gegeben, auch mit sonderbaren Anmerckungen und einem dienlichen Anhang aufsgefertigt. Ulm, In Verlag Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, Im Jahr 1680. 8°. Pp. [42] 78, 83 [i blank, 17, 3 blank]. 8 woodcuts in the text of the Anhang. ./Enigma Cabalisticum, sig. 03. Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri. Pp. 78. Schlufs-fuhrender Erliiuterungs-Anhang, worinnen der Geniige nach das gantze Opus Philosophicum, samt alien desselbigen Philosophischen und gebrauchlichen Manipulationibus und Operationibus weit-lauffig und klarer als noch iemals durch offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, von dem Lowen defs Rothen Creutzes, sonsten genandt der Gehuldigte. Gedruckt im Jahr Christi M.DC.LXXX. Pp. 83 [r blank]. Chymicus Deo bene placens, atque homini proximo inserviens, oder Alchymis- tische Nachrichtungs Regulen, alien und jeden derwahren Chymiae getreuen Liebhabern, und fleissig obligenden Nachforschern, aufs Gut- und Wohl-meinenheit beschrieben, und zur Nachricht durch offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, Von dem Lowen defs Rothen Creutzes, sonst genandt der Gehuldigte. Pp. [10} Astronomias Medicos Theologico-Philosophica Delineatio. Hoc est : Modus Curandi Morbos, Mediantibus Astris. Deus Miserere Mei secundum magnam Misericordiam tuani. ExcusumAnno M.DC.LXXX. Pp. [7] [3 blank]. [Another Copy.] This work is included by Kopp amongst those He adds that the same author published in 1680 that bear the title of the Golden Fleece, of which also another book : ' Schlussfuhrender Erlauter- there are several. It is referred to by other writers, ungs-Anhang von dem Leiien des Rothen-Kreutzes,' but nothing is said about the author's life or name, which again contains sophistical follies and lies, for, presumably, the above is a pseudonym. whereby the ignorant are plunged into temporal Fictuld makes on him a specially violent attack, and eternal misery, which is surely ascribing to it 1 One can see that he was a man without love for too much power. It is given above, his neighbour (this is a Fictuldian formula), else he The author of the Beytrag who has more humour would have kept back this book, seeing that it is than Fictuld, and is never in such unreasonable arch-sophistical and chymistical, with nothing in it earnest, merely remarks — ' excellent reading for but braggart follies and perversions,' and so on. theosophists ! ' Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichie der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 14. Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 96. Secretes, 1870, No. 1094. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244; ii. pp. p. 632. 331, 353- MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE). Johann de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel hervor- brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Hamburg, zu finden bey Samuel Heyl, 1716. 8°. Pp. [44, frontispiece not included, 2 blank]. Ladrague says the first edition is that of Amsterdam, 1703. The reprint in the Hd'inetisches Museum is from that edition. loannis de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe, der am Philosophischen Himmel hervor brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Sammt einem Anhang etlicher Lehr-Satze, vor die Schiller der Weifsheit, von neuem ans Licht gestellet. 104 MONTE RAPHAIM—MONTE-SNYDER MONTE RAPHAIM QOHANN DE). Continued. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. P- 597- See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767. 8°. Pp. 40, including the frontispiece. This is the fourth tract in the collection. See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, i. p. 65. Kopp alludes to this work in connection with guished himself by the chemical works he had others about ' Aurora ' and the dawn. brought out. The Beylrag says nothing about the author, but Fictuld once more indulges in one of his tirades oddly mentions the publisher as having distin- without giving any information about anything. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 98. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1806-08, p. 231. p. 657. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences Gmelin, Geschichte -der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 315. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1341-44. Kopp, Die A Ichemie, 1886, ii. p. 389. MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE). Job. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder- barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu Erlangung der drey Principia gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo wiederumb zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt am Mayn, verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Buchhandler. Wetzflar (sic) druckts Georg Ernst Winckler, 1700. 8°. Pp. 142. Frontispiece extra. The editor's name is Adam Gottlob Berlich or Berlig. Jo. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder- barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu Erlangung der drey Principien gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo wiederum zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, in Wienn, 1774. 8°. Pp. 173 [3 pp. advertisements]. The frontispiece is not included and pp. 15-16 are omitted. Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist Von der Universal Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zu wege zu bringen, durch ein besonders Universal Menstruum, welches auff- und zuschliessen, und iedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein warhafftes Aurum potabile zu bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset, Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbahrem Trost und Nutzen anitzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurtzen griind- MONTE-SNYDER 105 MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE). Continued. lichen Erklarung auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grundregeln illustriret durch A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Thomae Matthise Gotzens sel. Erben. Im Jahr 1678. 8°. Pp. 176. Berlich's Regeln have a title-page, with engraved vignette, included in the pagination, pp. 139-176. [Another Copy.] Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist : Von der Universal-Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zuwege zu bringen, durch ein besonders Universal-Menstruum, welches auf- und zuschliessen, und jedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein wahrhafftes Aurum potabile zu bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset, Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbarem Trost und Nutzen anjetzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurzen griind- lichen Erklarung, auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grund-Regeln illustriret durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, in Wienn, 1773. 8°. Pp. 208. Pp. 169-208 contain the Spagyrische Grund-Regeln by Berlich himself. Commentarius iiber des Monte-Snyders Schrifften. See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Clucks- Hafen, 1726, p. 108. Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico. See RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium Opulentiae Sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, 1666. This is a Latin version of the tract De Medicina Universali, and may have been the first edition. It does not bear the author's name. Schmfeder says that though apparently Dutch, other writers. It took place at Aix-la-Chapelle in his name was Mondschneider, and he was a native 1667, in presence of Guillaume, a goldsmith and of the Palatinate. Others say that Monte-Snyder assayer, and Monte-Snyder on that occasion pro- was a grandson of Levinus Lemnius on the mother's duced gold of extraordinarily fine quality from lead side, and from him got the tincture with which he and copper. After his stock of 'tincture' was performed several transmutations. One of the exhausted, he is said to have died at Maim: in most notable of these was narrated by van Vrees- poverty, wyk, and from him the narrative was copied by Goossen van Vrees wyk, De Goude Leeuw, 1675, Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersvchung der pp. 6-12. Alchemie, 1777, p. 301. (He passes over this per- Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicoruin, formance as of no importance.) 1697, p. 43, No. Ixx. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 95. Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutscftes Fegfeuerder Beytrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chemie, 1785, Scheide Kunst, 1702, p. 42. (Not complimentary pp. 349, 619, 630. to Monte-Snyder.) Korium verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 181. Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 148. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 18. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca mctallicce, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- 1732, p. 103. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdmungen, 1813, iv. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic col. 2044. Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, pp. 328-331. 403-408, 601. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Theil ii. p. 98, \-.a.drngue,BibliofhequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes, (calls him a learned man, but no adept). 1870, Nos. 1116-17, 1622-24. Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1767, p. 169, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 155 ; ii. pp. 312, (expresses a very poor opinion of his writings, and 364. calls him a "sophist "). io6 MORGENROTHE MORGENSTERN MORGENROTHE. See AUFSTEIGUNG der Morgenrothe. MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP). Turba Philosophorum; Das ist, Das Buch von der guldenen Kunst, neben andern Authoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher in sich haben. Darinn die besten vraltesten Philosophi zusamen getragen, welche tractiren alle einhellig von der Universal Medicin, in zwey Biicher abgetheilt, vnnd mit schonen Figuren gezieret. Jetzundt newlich zu Nutz vnd Dienst alien waren Kunstliebenden der Natur (so der Lateinischen Sprach vnerfahren) mit besonderm fleifs, miihe vnnd arbeit trewlich an tag geben : durch Philippum Morgenstern Islebiensem. Zu Basel, in verlegung Ludwig Konigs, 1613. 8°. Pp. [14] (containing Vorrede, Propositiones and Contents, followed by a cryptograph) ; Text, pp. 560. The title is in red and black, and has a symbolic vignette (from the Rosarium) of a lion devouring the sun, with the legend : Ich bin der war griin vnd giildische Low ohn sorgen, In mir steckt alle heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborge". The second part has a separate title : Das ander Theil, der giildinen kunst die sie sonst Chymia nennen, welches in sich hellt die Schrifften Morieni Romani, von den Metallischen dingen, vnnd von der verborgenen vnd hochsten Artzney der alien Philosophorum, mit andern Authoribus, die da auff dem nachfolgenden Blatt angezeigt werden. Verteutscht durch Philippum Morgenstern, wie forn im ersten Theil geschrieben worden. Getruckt zu Basel, bey Johann Schroter, M. DC. XI 1 1. Pp. [6] (Contents and Vorrede); Text, pp. 455, [i blank]. Vignette of the Philosophers, and symbolic woodcuts in the text of the Rosarium. Theil I. Propositiones Maximae, seu Satzungen der Gold- kunst, oder Chemise artis, sig. ):( v recto. 1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i. 2. Das Ander Exemplar der Turbae Philosopho- rum, p. 60. Ettliche Allegorize in die Turbam, p. 101. 3. Etliche Retzel, oder Aenigmata aufs dem Gesicht [oder dem Traum] Arislei und aufs den Allegoriis der Weissen, p. 107. 4. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 114. 5. Auffsteigung der Morgenrothe [Aurora Con- surgens], p. 141. 6. Rosinus ad Eutichiam (Euthicam), das iste Buch, p. 199. 7. Rosinus ad Eutichiam, das ander Buch, p. 208. 8. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das iste Buch, p. 228. 9. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das ander Buch, p. 237. 10. Rosinus, Beschreibung von den Gottlichen Aufslegungen, p. 242. 11. Die Practica Marias Prophetissae, p. 269. 12. Das Buch der Geheimnussen der Alchimiag Calidis Jazichi Sohn, p. 274. 13. Das Buch der dreyer Worter, defs ver- mischten Kallidts [i.e. Kalid Rachaidib], p. 301. 14. Aristoteles : Tractatlein oder Biichlein von der Practica defs Philosophischen Steines, p. 310. 15. Avicenna: von der Congelierung und zu- sammen fiigung des Steins (or von der Zusammen- leimung), p. 322. 16. Epistola Alexandri, p. 331. 17. Ein klein Werckstuck oder Biichlein, eines vnbekandten Authoris, der da metaphorice be- schreibet die Geheimnus defs Philosophischen Steines, p. 337. 18. Allegoria Merlini, vom Geheimnufs defs Steins, p. 340. 19. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rpdiani und Kanidis, Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 344. 20. Avicenna : Tractatulus von der Alchimia, P- 35i- 21. Semita Semitae, oder, Fufssteig defs Fufs- steigs, p. 378. 22. Clangor Buccinae, oder, der Thon der Schal- meyen, p. 389. 23. Correctio Fatuorum, oder, die reformierte Alchimij oder Straffung der falschen Alchimisten, P- 475- 24. Das Buch von der Kunst Chimia, eines ungewissen Authors, p. 504. Theil II. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildinen Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen aufsgehen an den Calid der Egypter Konig, welches Robertus Castrensis aufs dem Arabischen in Latein gebracht hat, sig. Aij recto. Ein Antwort Bernhnrdi von Trier, an Thomam de Bononia, von den Mineralen, vnnd zusammen- setzung oder zurichtung dels Elixirs, erklaret vnnd aufsgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 46. The ' Tafeln ' are on p. 91. Ein Buch voj) der guldenen Kunst, welches Author vnbekandt, vnd zuvor noch nie aufsgangen. [No such tract. Compare vol. i. p. 504.] Die Leyter der Philosophorum [Scala Philoso- phorum], p. 94. Das Weiber-Werck oder Kinderspiel [Opus Mulierum et Ludus puerorum], p. 154. Rosarium der Philosophorum mit den Figuren, P- 185. Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze, vnd das Rosarium, P- 369- Arnoldus, Newes Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 393. Arnoldus, Blum aller Blumen an den Konig Aragonum geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 407. Arnoldus, Epistel vber die Alchimia an den Konig Neapolitanum oder zur Newstatt, p. 422 Rogerius Bachon, Von der wunderbarlichen Ge- walt der Kunst vnd Natur &c., p. 426. MORGENS TERN—MORHOF 107 MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP). Continued. Turba Philosophorum, Das ist, Das Buch von der giildenen Kunst, neben andern Auctoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher ausmachen, darinnen der besten uraltesten Philosophorum Schriften zusammen getragen, welche alle einhellig von der Universal-Medicin handlen, in zwey Theile abgefasset, und mit schonen Figuren gezieret. Zu Nutz und Dienst aller Kunst- und Natur- liebenden mit besonderem Fleifs, Miihe und Arbeit in die deutsche Sprache iibersetzt und heraus gegeben durch Philippum Morgenstern, Islebiensem. Erster Theil. Verlegts Johann Paul Kraufs, Buchhandler in Wienn, 1750. 8°. Pp. [12] 680. Title red and black. Vignette : a Lion on its haunches swallowing the sun ; the engraving has the following couplet on left and right sides : Ich bin der wahre griin und giildisch Low ohn Sorgen In mir steckt alle Heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborgen. . . . Zweyter Theil [1-14] 15-551 [*]• Vignette, and 8 separate engraved plates. 1 1 woodcuts and the vignette of the first part repeated. Theil 1. Propositiones Maximae, oder Satzutigen der Gold- Kunst oder Chemicae artis, sig. ) ( ) ( i redo. 1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i. 2. Das andere Exemplar der Turbae, p. 76. 3. Etliche Allegoriae in die Turbam, p. 125. 4. Etliche Ratzel aus dem Traum oder Gesicht Arislei, p. 133. 5. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 142. 6. Aufsteigung der Morgenrothe, p. 173. 7. Das erste Buch Rosini ad Euthichiam, p. 244. 8. Das andere Buch Rosini ad Euthicam, p. 255. 9. Das erste Buch Rosini an den Bischoff Sara- tantam, p. 279. 10. Das andere Buch an den Bischoff Saratantam, p. 289. 11. Der dritte Theil Rosini von der Beschreibung von den Gottlichen Auslegungen, p. 295. 12. Die Practica Mariae Prophetissae, p. 329. 13. Das Buch der Geheimnufs Calidis, lazichi Sohn, p. 335. 14. Das buch derer drey Worter, p. 367. 15. Das Buch Aristotelis von dem Philosophischen Stein, p. 377. 16. Avicenna von der Zusammenleimung des Steins, p. 391. 17. Epistola Alexandri Macedoniae, p. 402. 18. Ein unbekannter Author von den Geheim- nussen des Steins, p. 409. 19. Die Allegoria Merlini vom Geheimnufs des Steins, p. 413. 20. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rodiani und Kalidis, Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 418. 21. Avicenna von der Alchymia, p. 426. 22. Semita Semitae oder Fufssteig des Fufs- steigs, p. 460. Morgenstern may be, and most likely is, a pseudonym. This is a translation of the Ars A vr if era of 1593 or 1610. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 124. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1866, i. p. 311. 23. Der Thon der Schalmeyen [Clangor Buccinae], P- 473- 24. Die reformirte Alchymie oder Bestraffung der falschen Alchimisten [Correctio fatuorum], P- 578. 25. Ein ungewisser Author von der Kunst Chimia, p. 612. Theil II. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen ausgehen an den Calid, der Aegypter Kdnig, welches Robertus Castrensis aus dem Arabischen in Latein gebracht hat, sig. AS recto and p. 15. Eine Antwort Bernhardi Treuisani an Thomam de Bononia von den Mineralien, und Zusammen- setzung oder Zurichtung des Elixirs, erklaret und ausgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 68. Ein Buch von der giildenen Kunst, dessen Auctor unbekannt und welches zuvor noch nie ausgangen. [There is no such tract in this volume.] Die Leiter der Philosophorum, p. 127. Das Kinderspiel [das Weiberwerck], p. 198. Rosarium Philosophorum mit den Figuren, P- 235- Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze und das Rosarium der Philosophorum, p. 447. Arnoldus, Neues Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 476. Arnoldus, Blume aller Blumen an den Konig von Arragonia geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 493. Arnoldus, Epistel iiber die Alchymia an den Konig von Neapolis, oder zur Neustadt, p. 511. Rogerius Baco, Anglus, von der wunderbarlichen Gewalt der Kunst und Natur, &c., p. 517. Curiously enough Kopp did not know either this edition or that of 1750, and was not aware of the connection of the book with the Ars Aurifera. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 324. MORHOF (DANIEL GEORG). D. G. Morhofl. De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Virum Nobilissimum & Amplissimum Joelem Langelottum, Serenissimi Principis Cimbrici Archiatrum Celeberrimum Epistola. Hamburgi, Ex Officina Gothofredi Schultzen, Prostant & Amsterodami. Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge. M.DC.LXXIII. 8°. Pp. x68. io8 MORHOF—MORIENUS MORHO.F (DANIEL GEORG). Continued. De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Joelem Langelottum Epistola. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 168. Daniel Georg Morhof vom Goldmachen, oder physikaiisch-historische Abhand- lung von Verwandlung der Metalle. Aus dem Lateinischen. Bayreuth, zu finden bey Johann Andreas Liibeck, 1764. 8°. Pp. 136. Wahrhaffter . . . Bericht von der Generation . Danielis Georgii Epistel an Joelem Langelottum. See c, (H. d.). der Metallen auf 1 08 Quaestiones Chemicse. See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Ovum-Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trisme- gistum, 1694, p. 251. cvin Problemata olim auton proposita. See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, 1714, p. 161. Morhof was born at Wismar, 6 Feb. , 1639. From 1660 to 1666 he^was professor of poetry at Rostock, in 1666 he removed to Kiel as professor of poetry and rhetoric, and in 1673 he was professor of history. In 1680 he was made librarian, an office for which he was admirably fitted, and which he turned to the best account in his writings. He would have been no exception to the rule that the librarian who reads is lost, but he has been saved by writing, and his account of libraries and library work has made him an authority with the librarian of to-day. He died at Liibeck, 30 July, 1691. He was a man of very great learning, and of sound critical judgment. His encyclopaedic read- ing and knowledge are displayed in his chief work Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 554. Acta Eruditorum, Julii, 1699, pp. 291-293 (review of the Dissertationes). Morhof, Dissertationes Academicce & Epistolicce, 1699, 4°. Appended to this is his life : ' Vita, qua, . . . labores ejus Academici, & Scripta praecipue, turn edita, turn edenda, . . . enumerantur : . . . accedunt elogia . . .,' pp. 143 [i blank], Reinhard Heinrich Rolle, Memoricephilosophorum, oratoriim, poetarum, &c. , 1710, ii. p. 283. Christianus Henricus, Vita eruditissimorum in re literaria virorum, 1713, p. 282. Niceron, Memoires, 1727, ii. p. 16 ; 1731, x. p. 79- Die Edclgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 180. Stolle, Anleitung zitr Historic der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 173, 499, 592, 598, 609. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccr, 1732, p. 103. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrhcit, 1736, p. 29, &c. , &c. . Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 391, 392, 416, 484 ; iii. pp. 62, 239. Polyhistor, which is a survey of learning on all topics to his own time. The work first appeared at Liibeck, 1688-92, the second edition in 1695, and a revision of this at Liibeck in 1714. For it, Johannes Moller — as full of erudition as Morhof himself — wrote elaborate Prolegomena on Morhof s life and works, including the Polyhistor. The third edition appeared in 1732. To both of these editions portraits of Morhof are prefixed. In the Polyhistor he discusses alchemy and chemistry, among a multitude of other subjects. In his collected papers : Dissertationes Academica et Epistolicce, 1699, 4°, there is a reprint of the ' De Metallorum Transmutatione Epistola,' pp. 245-302. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 560-1 ; iii. pp. 453-488 (elaborate account). Jocher, Allgetneines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iii. col. 671 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun- gen, 1813, iv. col. 2119. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 99. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 633. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. p. 171. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, P- 55°- Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxiv. , sub voce. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 419. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 205. Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1233-34. Prideaux, ' Library Economy (chiefly continental) at the end of the Seventeenth Century,' The Library Association Record, isth March, 1904, vi. pp. 129- 138. MORIENUS. Morieni Romani, quondam Eremitae Hierosolymitani, de transfiguratione metallorum, & occulta, summaque antiquorum Phil osophorum medicina, MORIENUS 109 MORIENUS. Continued. Libellus, nusquam hactenus in lucem editus. Cum Privilegio, Parisiis, Apud Gulielmum Guillard, in via lacobsea, sub diuae Barbarae signo, 1559. 4°. Ff. [a] 34. Liber de Compositione Alchemiae. See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. 3. See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 509. Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen Kunst. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. sig. Aij. recto, & p. I. See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. sig. AS recto, & p. 15. Bericht von dem ersten Vrsprung vnd rechten Grund der Alchimey. See CAESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey-Spiegel, 1613, p. 14. Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien, sur le Magistere d'Hermes. See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. p. 56. For what is known about Morienus' life and adventures we are indebted to his own narrative contained in the present book. Morienus, a native of Rome, was living there with his parents, and svas studying diligently, when he heard of a philosopher, called Adfar, at Alex- andria, who was reputed to know the Hermetic mysteries. He had also seen some of his writings, and so irresistible was his desire to understand them, that he set off for Alexandria, discovered Adfar after much searching, and became so favoured by him that he was ultimately in- structed in all the secrets. On the death of his teacher, Morienus retired to the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, where he lived a hermit's life. While there he heard that Kalid, the son of Gezid, who reigned in Egypt, was desirous to find some one who could interpret for him the writings of Hermes and of Adfar. He accordingly went to Egypt, found Kalid surrounded by adventurers who pro- fessed to be able to reveal all the mysteries, but who could perform nothing. Morienus set to work in a house which Kalid gave him, and when he had finished the preparation of the elixir wrote on the vessel containing it : ' Omnes qui secum omnia habent, alieno auxilio nullatenus indigent,' left the country and returned to his hermitage. His abrupt departure caused Kalid great dis- appointment, for he perceived what he had lost, Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni /re, 1599, p. 141. Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensa, 1617, p. 141. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652, p. 53 (Norton's Ordinall of Alchimy, chap. Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 163, 249. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 12, No. xvii. Keren Happuch . . . odcr Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 54. Boerhaave, Elementa Chemiae, 1732, p. 16. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 1732, pp. 104, 120. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 86-98, 465 ; iii. pp. 37, 45- 65. 239- Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lcxicon, 1751, iii. col. 675 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganznn- gen, 1813, iv. col. 2122. and what no one else could supply. So the pseudo- adepts were despatched — happily, by command of Kalid, whose eyes had been opened. Then he set about a search for Morienus, and after many years succeeded at last in finding him and in obtaining from him the key to the mysteries which he had been so long anxious to possess. So sought King Kalid of manie men, Till he met with Aforien, Which helped Kalid at his neede His Vertues caused him to speede, as Norton says in The Ordinall of Alchimy. The ultimate fate of Morienus is unknown, but his conversations with Kalid must have been com- mitted to writing, and they may have come to the West about the time of the Crusades. They were in Arabic, but to make them available they were translated into Latin in February, 1182, by Robertus Castrensis, with a short preface. Jourdain has tried to identify him with Robert de Retines. By Arabic writers the teacher of Kalid is called Marianus or Mourianus ; he is probably the same as Morienus. See under Kalid Ben Jesid. Morienus was the name taken by R. J. F. Schmidt (q.v. ), as a member of the Leopoldine Academia Naturae Curiosorum. Guillard published the second edition : Parisiis, 1564, 4°, ff. [2] 66 [41]. The added part contains Bernhardus' Responsio ad Thomam de Bononia. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 115. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 76. Beytrag enr Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 483. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 2. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 23, 24. The Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philo- sophy, 1814, pp. 9-11. Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur I' Age et rOrigine des Traductions La tines d'Aristote, Paris, 1819, p. 104. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 121. L,a&ra.gue,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 682-683. Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine Arabe, Paris, 1876, i. pp. 62-64. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 346, 353. no MORITZ—MORLEY MOR1TZ (PETER). See AMOR PROXIMI. Moritz is one of the authors to whom this tract He is belauded in the usual terms by Fictuld. has been assigned. Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien , 1741, ii. Fictuld, ProHer-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 123. pp. 424-427. MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE). Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, id est, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana. Scilicet trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chimioe, qua publice, qua privatim, Professorum, nunc viventium, atque docentium, qui isthaec discipulis suis, ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, per hos annos, non solum ostenderunt, verum etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Opus, quingentis, & amplius, processibus adornatum, omnibus & Medicis, & Chimicis, & Pharmacopasis, imprimis utile; cum ob insignem plerorumque usitatiorum processuum varietatem, turn ob novam, atque elegantem in singulis operandi rationem, tribus his, tantisque viris, in usu habitam. Collegit, digessit, edidit, Christo- phorus Love Morley, M.D. Anglus. Quis huic operi sit scopus, qua? methodus, quinam Auctores, cseteraque quse Lectorem ignorare non expedit, prsefatio indicabit. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Henricum Drummond, M DC LXXXIV. Sumptibus J. A. de la Font. 4°. Pp. [32] 506. Index [21, i blank]. Vignette of a tortoise, with the motto : Qui va piano va sano. Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana. Olim trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chymicse, qua publice, qua privatim, Professorum, viventium, atque docentium, qui isthsec discipulis suis, ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, illis annis, non solum ostenderunt, verum etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Ante hac collecta, digesta, edita, a Christophoro Love Morley, M.D. Anglo. Nunc autem plurimis novis elegantioribus & accuratioribus experimentis instructa & aucta, meliorem in ordinem redacta, ubivis correcta, a superfluis Processubus mundata per Theodorum Muykens, Med. Doct. Amstelod. Opus nulli non Physico-Medico, Chymico, & Pharma- copaeo necessarium & perutile. Lugduni Batavorum, Sumptib. Cornelii Boutesteyn & Frederici Haaring. M DC XCIII. 8°. Pp. [48, Engraved title included] 587 [37]. Collectanea Chymica Leydensia oder Aufserlesene mehr als 700. Chymische Processe welche von Hn. Maetsio Margravio und le Mortio, ehedessen dreyen beriihmten Professoribus der Chymie zu Leyden, denen damals aus alien Theilen Europae gegenwartigen Autitoribus (sic) so wohl publice als privatim nicht nur gewiesen sondern auch Miindlich dictirt worderi. Vor diesen von Hn. Christoph Ludvvig Morleii. Med. Doct. aus Engelland zusammen getragen, in Ordnung und ans Licht bracht, Nachmals durch Hn. Theodorum Muyckens Med. Doct. zu Amsterdam mit vielen neuen schonen und accuraten Experi- menten vermehret, in richtigere Ordnung gestellet, allenthalben verbessert und von iiberfliifsigen Processen gesaubert Nun aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde MORLE Y—MORSIUS in MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE). Continued. ins Teutsche iibersetzt, Welches alien Medicis, Chymicis, Physicis, Apotheckern und jeden seine Gesundheit liebenden ho'chst nothig und niitzlich. Jena, Verlegts Henr. Christoph Croker, 1696. 8°.