oo Sai sehabhetestt ease eth eater ee et or Tits Geen _ —— = = “ ~ acpeeateien ie Sas ~~ — oe (+ BULLETIN OF TBE \ORAR}- — WD Os -MUSEUM Of NATU = « ‘ AYS ae "aye Pes i ; ie i, i\\\\ AS PA Vis TAD pctaneelitljpeieapent-spinastanipusinrpnininneet es EDITOR, J. A. ALLEN. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1913. FOR SALE AT THE MUSEUM. ~ American Museum of Natural History. Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West, New York City. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. President. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. Pirst Vice-President. Second Vice-President. CLEVELAND H. DODGE. J. P. MORGAN, Treasurer. Secretary. CHARLES LANIER. ADRIAN ISELIN, Jr. EX-OFFICIO. THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. ELECTIVE. ALBERT 8. BICKMORE. WALTER B. JAMES. ‘GEORGE 8. BOWDOIN. A. D. JUILLIARD. FREDERICK F. BREWSTER. SETH LOW. JOSEPH H. CHOATE. OGDEN MILLS. THOMAS DeWITT CUYLER. PERCY R. PYNE. JAMES DOUGLAS. WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER. MADISON GRANT. JOHN B. TREVOR. ANSON W. HARD. FELIX M. WARBURG. ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES. GEORGE W. WICKERSHAM, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. Director. Assistant-Secretary. FREDERIC A. LUCAS. GEORGE H. SHERWOOD. Assistant-Treasurer. THE UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK. iii Tt Scientific Staff. DIRECTOR. Freperic A. Lucas, Sc.D. GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALHZONTOLOGY. Epmunp Otis Hovey, Ph.D., Curator. Cuestrer A. Reeps, Ph.D., Assistant Curator. MINERALOGY. L. P. Gratacap, A.M., Curator. Georce F. Kunz, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Gems. INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. Henry E. Crampton, Ph.D., Curator. Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assistant Curator. Frank E, Lutz, Ph.D., Assistant Curator. L. P. Graracar, A.M., Curator of Mollusca. Joun A. GrossBeck, Assistant. A. J. Murcuuer, Assistant. Wiiuiam Morton WHEELER, Ph.D., Hono Curator of Social Insects. Aaron L. Treapweiu, Ph.D., a tor of Annulata. Cuartes W. Lene, B.S., Honorary Curator of Coleoptera. ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY. Basurorp Dean, Ph.D., Curator Emeritus. Louis Hussaxor, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Fishes. Joun T. Nicnoxs, A.B., Assistant Curator of Recent Fishes. Mary Cyntuis Dickerson, B.S., Associate Curator of Herpetology. MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY. J. A. Atten, Ph.D., Curator. Frank M. Cuarman, Sc.D., Curator of Ornithology. Roy C. Anprews, A.M., Assistant Curator of Mammalogy. W. DeW. Miter, Assistant Curator of Ornithology. iv VERTEBRATE PALHZONTOLOGY. x Farrteyy Osnory, Se.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Curator Emeritus. al Pde D. MartrHew, Ph.D., Curator. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Ratepx W. Tower, Ph.D., Curator. PUBLIC HEALTH. Ph Sicdis ‘Asarte' Wenscow, MLA; Carabir. Israet J. Kuicuer, B.S., Assistant. WOODS AND FORESTRY. Mary Cyrnrata Dickerson, B.S., Curator. _ BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS. Ratreu W. Tower, Ph.D., Curator. Ipa Ricuarpson Hoop, A.B., Assistant Librarian. PUBLIC EDUCATION. Aubert 8. Bickmore, Ph.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritus. . Georce H. Curator. Suerwoop, A.M., G. Ge yee Assistant Curator. Aones Roeser VavuaHan, Assistant. ne an) Soy ae Oe es ee ee | Arr. I.— Mammals of northern Malheur County, Oregon. By H. E. PONT. Ce eeeee A INE PRP Ga 2b te ou Aldiels sb sé cen aes II.— Notes on the Embryos of several species of Rays, with remarks on the northward summer Migration of certain tropical forms observed on the coast of North Carolina. By Russett J. Cotes. (Plate III, and two text figures.) III.— Insects of Florida. By Cuartes W. JoHNSON............. IV.— Tyrannosaurus, restoration and model of the skeleton. By _ Henry Farrrrerp Osporn. (Plates IV—VI.)............ V.— New Acarina. By H. E. Ewrne. (Plates VII and VIII, Serr nenn en. s, oe dad eee ee VI.— Review of the Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon, with a description of additional material collected there. By R. W.Ssuretpr. (Plates IX—XLIII.)............ VII.— Notes on Teleosts collected by Roy C. Andrews in Japan, with descriptions of two new species. By Joun Treap- WELL Nicuots. (Three text figures.)................ = VIII.— Echinoderms from Lower California, with descriptions of new g species. By Husert Lyman Criark. (Plates XLIV-— pt RES G Soak be Selle Giada Neds ade waded den 7, IX.— Two new Fossorial Hymenoptera. By NaTHaNn BANKs..... x X.— Ants collected in the West Indies. By Wiit1am Morton a SEND vas WOSUNAe 6 sku wawesbe eee cae Ubabiccacavecgsc a XI.— Descriptions of four new Palwozoic Fishes from North America. By L. Hussaxor. (Plate XLVII, and two XII.— Descriptions of new species of Monkeys of the genera Senio- cebus and Aotus from Colombia,8.A. By D.G. Exuior. . XIII.— New and rare Spiders from within fifty miles of New York City. By J. H. Emerton. (Plate XLVIII, and one text CPO ah. o Sade CEU eb Ualb adele csbNl ees. ctece’ XIV.— Eomoropus, an American Eocene Chaliocthere. By Henry Farrrrecp Osporn. (Eleven text figures.)............. vil WS a ee ee ee ey ee eee ee © SS ee ee eS ee A. Pes re . ee Ny PM wee. S8 91 179 185 Contents. XV.— A new Phytosaur from the Palisades near New York. By Frrepricu von Huene. (Plates XLIX and L, and four- thee Coth Beene) 6 oda os 65 ks 05.0 cine dxeninas ote eeu XVI.— Further studies of Fossil Birds with descriptions of new and extinct species. By R. W. Suuretpr. (Plates LI-LIX.) XVII.— A Zalambdodont Insectivore from the Basal Eocene. By W. D. Marruew. (Plates LX and LXI, and six text TOE ess nik 8 hah oo oe Divas de dks s hen nnn XVIII.— The Skull Elements of the Permian Tetrapoda in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York. By Frrep- RICH VON Huene. (Fifty-seven text figures.)........... XIX.— The Skeleton of Saurolophus, a Crested Duck-billed Dino- saur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. By Barnum Brown. (Plates XLII and XLIII, and one text figure.) xXxX.— A new Trachodont Dinosaur, Hypacrosaurus, from the Ed- monton Cretaceous of Alberta. By Barnum Brown. (ies tat Gente) 66k. 5 aos 50). . oie XXI.— Lower Eocene Titanotheres. Genera Lambdotherium, Eoti- tanops. By Henry Farrriretp Osporn. (Nine text DY is Bes Sie HAW RATA NRE ee XXII.— The Skull of Bathyopsis, Wind River Uintathere. By Henry FarrrietpD Osporn. (Plates LXIV—LXVI, and four text Gen io siaeks aks. Reetian Wags 58 KGS a XXIII.— New American Philanthide. By Naruan Banks. (Plate ROWER. scot is ods Se ADEs Sewn eae ee XXIV.— Mammals collected in Korea. By J. A. Atuen and Roy C. XXV.— Notes on Equus capensis Broom. By R. Broom. (One text GE ae Sk ess TR RARE OS nares 9 Oca XXVI.— On some new gepera and species of Dicynodont Reptiles, with notes on a few others. By R. Broom. (Nineteen text GON Bei ae oinKidsd dca so. 9 x RU eh ce G ME na. 3 9 conn XXVII.— On the origin of the Cheiropterygium. By R. Broom. (Six CORR TOG 55 obi. Se epee 1a ede, sd pe XXVIII.— On evidence of a mammal-like dental succession in the Cyno- dont Reptiles. By R. Broom. (One text figure.)....... XXIX.— New Mammals from Colombia and Ecuador. By J. A. Autun. . (Sixteen -text.:figures.)... 2.005055. ee cece XXX.— Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera from British Guiana. By Cuar.es T. Brues and C. H. Ricuarpson. (Rive text figures.) ...... 2... ..heke el. ... eee i XXXI.— The Trachea of Ogmorhinus, with notes on other soft parts. By Rosert Cusaman Murpny. (One text figure.)..... XXXII.— On the squamosal and related bones in the Mosasaurs and Lizards. By R. Broom. (Two text figures.)........... XXXIII.— On the Structure and Affinities of Bolosaurus. By R. Broom. (Piwe.tuct Tiguan) :..). oi ii wees is. Siew «sd ee XXXxIV.— Glaucophane from eastern Pennsylvania. By ELeanora F. Daas. (Five text figures.)... .. 20. ctaicses ss se ceeeee Paae. 307 315 387 395 407 417 517 Contents. ix _ Paae. XXXV.— On the Cotylosaurian genus Pantylus Cope. By R. Broom. IN er ol as vos cpa sanetadenaece 527 XXXVI.— Revision of the Melanomys group of American Muride. By eM, 5 CEPR Ba WEEE), goss oc i co sacaaeactun'e 533 XXXVII.— On some new carnivorous Therapsids. By R.Broom. (Four EERE EEG ne nee (td 557 XXXVIII.— Studies on the Permian Temnospondylous Stegocephalians of North America. By R. Broom. (Twenty-one text 8 Ee fr By To asp) Dac Oo.) OR a ne a ae Pa 563 XXXIX.— New South American Muride. By J. A. ALLEN........... 597 XL.— A new Pleisiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cre- taceous of Alberta. By Barnum Brown. (Seven text figures.) XLI.— A new Slug from the Himalaya Mountains. By T. D. A. Cocxerett. (Seven text figures.).................... 617 DATES OF PUBLICATION OF AUTHOR’S SEPARATES. The edition of author’s separates is 300 copies, of which about 100 are mailed on the date of issue, and the others placed on sale in the Library. Art. I, March 7, 1913. Art. XXII, Sept. 2, 1913. “ TI, “ 7, 1913. “ XXIII, “ 9, 1913. “ WII, “ 24, 1913. “ XXIV, “J, 1912. “ TV, —- April_‘11, 1913. “ XXV, “ 43, 1913. “ y, May 31, 1913. “ XXVI, “ 13, 1913. “VI, July ‘9, 1913. “ XXVH, “ 93, 1913. “ VII, « 9, 1913. “ XXVIII, “ 23, 1913. WE“. 9, 2018. “ XXIX, “ 25, 1913. “ IX, “ 9, 1913. “ XXX, Oct. 7, 1913. “ X, “ 9, 1918. “ XXXI, “ 7, 1913. “ XI, “ 44, 1913. “ XXXII, “ 7, 1913. “XI, “ 14,1913. “ XXXII, “ 7, 1913. “ XIII, Aug. 1, 1913. “ XXXIV, “ 13, 1913. “ XIV, July 25, 1913. “ XXXV, “« 95, 1913. “ XV, Aug. = 19, 1913. “ XXXVI, Nov. 17, 1913. “ Xvi, “. 4,101. “ XXXVI, “ 17, 1013. “ XVII, July 25, 1913. “ XXXVIII, “ 26, 1913. “ XVIII, Sept. 23, 1913. “ XXXIX, Dec. 3, 1913. “ XIX, Aug. 19, 1913. “ XL, 7. @.teae. 7 “ 49, 1913. “ XLI, “ 12, 1913. “ XXI, Sept. 2, 1913. x Illustrations. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. I.— View of Ironside, Malheur Co., Oregon. II.— Brachylagus idahoensis and favorite haunts. III.— Aetobatus narinari and embryos. IV-VI.— Tyrannosaurus group. VII-VIII.— New Acarina. IX-XLIII.— Fossil fauna of the desert region of Oregon. XLIV.— Zoroaster platyacanthus and Pedicellaster hyperonicus spp. nov. XLV.— Diopederma axiologum gen. et sp. n., and Ophiura oligopera sp. nov. XLVI.— Urechinus reticulatus sp. n. XLVII.— New Palxozoic Fishes. XLVIII.— Spiders from vicinity of New York City. XLIX.— Rutiodon carolinensis Emmons. L.— Rutiodon manhatianensis sp. nov. LI-LIV.— Diatryma ajax and Diatryma gigantea. ' LV.— Fossil birds (various species). LVI.— Bonasa sp.? LVII.— Indetermined Gallinaceous Bird. LVIII.— Meleagris gallopavo and Palwophasianus meleagroides sp. nov. LIX.— Meleagris gallopavo. LX-—LXI.— Paleoryctes puercensis sp. nov. -LXII-LXIII.— Saurolophus osborni Brown (type). LXIV-LXVI.— Bathyopsis (?) fissidens. LXVII.— New American Philanthide. LXVIII.— Skulls of species of Melanomys. : af O'S, TUM a> hu ks xe'cie n'a ccs paces a toe os bss vi naa Rhyncholopus robustus, dorsal view...............0cccccecececccnceesees Oribata maxima, ventral view of mouth-parts...............0.0.. cece ceeeee Telranchus telarivs, MOWAT 6. bees elec cbecsidcaeae Margaropus annulatus, capitulum of male, and dorsal view of body.......... Dermacentor occidentalis, stigmal plate of male.................0ccceeceees Oribaig illincisensis, Gorsel View: ooo. Se See Gamasus magnicornubus, palpi... ... 20.66. ee ls eS Uropoda pennsylvanica, ventral view of part of body of female.............. Tyrogiyphus lintneri, venttal view. ... 2.0.06 dneecesesccccscbetan Netadres notadvec, Gdtanl Wie ss 260 5 o)o v5 a ic hos Wa hee vk nce iis af Selasbodenta. Dee te acs) the PAGE a See cea Cae bee Ae 307 Palacoryctes puercensis, side view of skull and jaws JET Bo Sa ae 309 palatal view of type skull. ........5........02..0005 310 Palaictops bicuspis, upper teeth... . - Rene ig UEC EEIL a ae Tiny sia s v0.0 311 Didelphodus absaroke, crown view of upper teeth and side view of lower teeth 311 Upper molar tooth construction in Chrysospalar, Petamagale, Paleoryctes, Didelphodus, Palaictops, and Tritemnédon..... 0.2666. occ ee ees 312 Eryops megacephalus, forepart of eal tbls chieihd «bases Wide ie eae aadw ils 318 NN eu aad aw old's < oan vecsisiee. ds c's bees 318 iss + ESE SEED TS, SE Pe 319 ” e Fae ROE be hem ackwtee SiR aco Pe 320 ” » SN I OE ND oo ches uas couwidaweensce 321 7 . longitudinal sections of braincase................... 321 _ Lysorophus tricarinatus, lower jaw and suspensorium. ... . . ee ee ae. 322 xii Illustrations. Paae Lysorophus wicartnatus, dkwull-tope.:..sos< 0 vids catevdnbatese terete 323 7 PT er trs et or ree 324 < ” waderside of teal i..5:5:5::) fi.6 aceas Ae 325 Gymnarthrus witloughbes, GKUIMAOGM. . ois. vce dts bien oebee de valeaeeeeae 327 4 SL € -:| SeT eeEe re 328 1 as COMI 65s ee vie hs bias 0 vv doen ons eae 329 " - wnderuidoe Of GUE... aks ie cclccies's i coven ¥en 330 Demectes mnolaria, GenTPAGi 6 sii io oo us og von ced den's eave ee 332 pie 8) ly: UY re ery s3oc eae 333 « @pelarte, right aide of skal. 2.25.5... cee sie Seed 334 = cross section through the quadrate and cross section of lower end of the squamosal end of the quadrate............5..+eseceesceees 334 ?Nothodon lentus, occiput viewed from above and from the inside......... 335 Diadectes molaris, skulls showing openings in the temporal region. .......... 336 = wdereide of aloull -. 6... ics scceds cle eeae ave ea wae 337 . phassttines, back of alcull. .... 1... 5s 0sse os cue bedeeee chee 339 ** basisphenoid from below and rear view of same ................ 339 ~ - “Q¥agment-of beainonse......5 6.2.5 <scevdvee skdeueseea eee 340 = padseolinud, orbital region... .....5...s0dvaevnslbau pen aos sae 341 ., imperfott braincase...... ..)... 50 bs esas eee eee 341 4 POW JRW. ios swede cee cis live sa io ie a ee eo 342 - sh, mie GaN es ale eae BRR ee Piseee re ayer rier es 343 3 ¢ — -viewed fedma below . . 546/45) SRA eee 344 Bolbodon tenuitectus, side view of Skull. ...........6.000. ce cccecceecccoede 345 Chilonyz rapidens, posterior part of skull-top and occiput................... 346 Gaplorhinue angueticepe, dull... o.oo. ccdiccdvics Been hee ee a te eee 347 sa skull-top and top of occiput...................24. 348 ” ° OUCH... oe suc cweee men sere ee ebieees Pee 349 . 3 under side of elcull «oj i.2aiey aod wid v's os aoe 350 Labidosaurus hamatus, border of occiput and skull-top....................- 352 - ** underside of skull, arp a Pee ee oe Pe 353 Pariotichus brachyops, imperfect skull... .. 2... .... 06.0 c ccc cece ec eceeees 353 Feedecles mogalepe, imperfect akull «5. 6.0.5 is:s 33 bea ween a ein a daar 354 Pontyiue cordatus, right side, top, and underside of skull................... 355 “ impesfoot lower. jaw «sic 5 és 5.124: R oan we esioea ee eee 356 Dimetroden incisious, back part of skull and of lower jaw.................+- 357 oblique rear view of left quadrate and quadratojugal... 358 ‘s “occiput, and the same viewed obliquely from above... . . 359 “3 “right pterygoid, etc., outer side view................. 360 . “palatal region as preserved; reconstruction of palatal FOGIOM. .. 6's isc Ge ie 4h Renee are Swe ae 361 He “ lower jaw, right ramus. |)... 2. ei dee pias os ieee 362 Naceaurue (Edaphosaurus) pogonias, erushed skull, upper surface........... 363 “< .-exaobed essignt. 5) 206)... Sees 364 Diplecauius limbatue, skull-tep. . . oi... 5 bs 65ies bss la Va ee 366 ftesiue evaseidiecus, skull-tep . . ..5 <4: UVECL SS tas Oe Oso ee 367 Seymouria (= Conodectes) favosus, imperfect skull. ...............020000005 368 Dissorophus mimeticus, side and top of skull.............20000ccceceeeeees 8369 - x Pace SN MN ie ia ase 6l SHERRI Gods dite cd sees 370 Acheloma cumminsi, side and top of skull... .. 2.2... 6 cece eee 371 Tyimerorhackis mesops, ES SESS EES San a ee eee ere 372 insignis, top and underside of skull... ...............6....- 373 ‘Saurolophus osborni and Trachodon mirabilis, outlines of pelves oni he mathe 390 Hypacrosaurus altispinus, dorsal and caudal vertebra and pelvis of type adie 397 wig orsal vertebra of paratype................ 399 “ - anterior caudal vertebre of type................. 400 9 . ST LE Cab SUN as Wags hie dus Vacbess 3 401 - . RE ere ee eT eee ee eee eee 402 itiadest ennecions and Hypacrosaurus altispinus, right fore limbs three- i i MOL: iia bins tae ince nes stds seanab ines. 403 —— mirabilis and Hypacrosaurus altispinus, left hind limbs, front view 404 : xed “and Hypacrosaurus altispinus, metatarsals in position 405 _ Botitanops gregoryi (type), second and third left upper molars and right lower ___- premolar-molar ees eae Vol ok Cpls ead 0s 6.¥ing8 wer Fade ee 86 os 407 seer eteps brownianus (Cope), Ci Sates gt ney ke a oe ere 409 borealis, reconstruction of skull... .... 22.6. ccc s ccc cece eeeees 410 Lambdotherium and Eotitanops, RS Me ety eer eer Cree ot Pee 411 EY RIES “SRORREROUNE 025. 0. oo Was cin bs ot hada tne civwece'ss ss 412 a SS ee ee ee ee er oe 412 _ Lambdotherium, incomplete lower jaws and dentition. ....................- 413 rr “d mutations of cusp addition in the premolar evolution. ..... . . 414 < progressum (type), outer side view of jaw and teeth.......... 415 Bathyopsis fissidens, skull and jaw.......... 2... 2... cece e ete e eee e eee 417 I NMI tas 6 os de Bas Rene dee vvcs ares ss reas 418 = ee eee els Eh ea ale Gul MNNG be 600 bs oss auley 419 . ““ superior grinding series of type. ..................-..- 420 Bquus capensis, upper premolars.................. cece eee cece cece eens 438 Bocyclops longus, side view of skull................ 00 ccc cece cece ee ee eee 442 rid “« the pineal foramen and its relations..................... 442 Diepnedon whaitsi, relationships of the preparietal........................ 443 platyceps, the relationships of the preparietal.................... 444 ” MO EN ME ks Sos so cc neSdeweuddusee ews 446 4 EPEC TE COCO OR Oe 446 — Oe, OUD WHO OE Gs os wVies uw bds a Wea dckesddecdvcodes 447 ie mg the pineal foramen and its relations.................. 448 = tylorhinus, upper and side views of snout....................45- 449 <4 ns MOND ON NG OE MII fac bo Sian avelees eeck lice cbtwocdere 450 er : ONENNE NOMEN ssa gddiwdacsSebet tasteless dwasecces 451 re St Dec kaa. s cud tia hee ouaes Cees 2 endaeaes ee 452 - 0 SS ee a ee 453 Diictodon galeops, the preparietal and its relations........................ 453 Emydops minor Broom, Emydops longiceps n. sp., and Emydops arciatus (Owen) I rk ais y aba wdele'en 455 he ecleais « NG WR i in fs ahd SE de oto dies o's e's Ws 456 Busthenopleron, a RBA ory. ea Se 460 xiv Illustrations. Page. Sauripteris taylors, section of large mandibular tooth...................2. 461 “© one of the small maxillary teeth.............. 461 Tg ¢ procbered: Mitaks ois veces v'v.n ad deb cce aire Vey a aaa 462 Fin representing the supposed pre-Sauripleris stage. .........6.000eeeeeeee 463 Diademodon platyrhinus, lower jaw showing successional canines and premolar 466 Cholespus hoffmanni Peters, skull from above..............++00+055 csccnee, Mee didactylus (Linné) “ = “ MO pe cees lavas ds teste 471 ee | AR PS TyT erin yk 471 * — agustinus sp.nov. “ § “ Ht Noda ov oee bea ¥ see's 6a 471 «Caples wm. nov. a aise ie er 471 “ andinus sp.nov. “ “ METEOR ERT rete eee 471 = hoffmanni Peters, side view of skull.................220ceeeeeee 473 ut dacs Clinnéy occ acces . 473 Of te Nee Te DOW. FO. ae ee ra - 473 “t: o* “qauabies' ep. mov. 0%. SO: Le ie 473 “cope ep. nov. “OM ed ee eet: en . “gn@mas ep. nov. “Li ee 473 id hoffmanni Peters, skull from below coccodsepes se obuleaiele sak 475 “* @idectlus (linn6) “ea see 475 a porenci@ep.nov. 0 Saas 3 yeaa . 475 © agustinus ap. nov. “ “ . - ccc SG ie came ae ae 475 * eapttalie ap: nov.. “°° a aba ee ste ae 475 Mo : endintte i nr. EE ae ob Sabo heals a 475 Ophionocryptus nigrans sp. nov., female... .............00 cece eeeeeeceees 487 Crypturopsis dilaticornis sp. nov., antenna of female....................++: 490 Neomesostenus gracilipes sp. nov., female... .........2ceeecceccceccceccess 493 . Athyreodon cyaneiventris sp. nov., male... .........0cccccecceeeescusscccs 497 Promicrogaster terebrator sp. nov., female... .............cc0ceeeeeecvceves 500 Ogmorhinus, tracheal cartilage... ..... 2. «cd eweivetlesscunseleviecd banana 506 Platycarpus sp., right tibulare and related bones..................+eee0+ 508 Boloeaurus siriatus, skull... 2. 002. eee eee ee Peer: Ophiodsirus casei, cervical and dorsal vertebrae............0. cece eeeeeees ‘513 “ coracoid, both precoracoids, interclavicle and right humerus 513 Bolosaurus. siriatus, pelvis. . os. 5. cis cs thas ews eee bh ele eee ee 514 Pacilospondylus francisi Case, pelvis... 5. ....- ec ccc cec cece eeccccceuece 515 Pre-Cambrian areal geology of Boyertown region................002c00008 518 Hornblende crystal with glaucophane filling cracks.....................0. 521 Actinolite surrounded by a fringe of glaucophane....................0000. §21 Basal section of hornblende with halo of glaucophane...................... 521 Hornblende with terminal growth of ree Pere Re fp 521 Pontylus cordatus Cope, skull. ....... 5.3540 suste OM ss oo ole wea eee ee 527 és, “ left mandible, four views a. Joos sss écens 0a ee 529 “ ““ sections across the mandible.................. >.) Lycognathus ferox, side view of skull. . 2.2.0.2... ccccecavccccccccccccsces » 557 Scymnognathus angusticeps, side view of skull.................000cceeceee - 658 és minor, side view of snout............... Seb eek ae . Ictidorhinus martinsi, side view of skull..................00ceceeececes .. 660 Cricolus crassidiscus Cope, skull... 2.0000). SAP at eee 565 List of New Names. xv Pace == ee restoration of two dorsal vertebre............... 566 Seer MeMMNMOONS CONS, FEMS MIE. 6... ec cee ccc c ee cneseeeeecse 567 Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, upper view of skull......................4. 569 a sd AEE WAN in 3s occ ensues andpnuda 570 ” = a MD at oom Bale cin ww won £5) Ga tmmes 572 “ “ « basioranial region, et0............2eccscece 573 5 oe s eS obtain Laws ciuss yess visieahde neue 575 aes . oP MOE On WOU OID 6 og oo sc iicaie ne apes 577 F ~ ae I re Lia lila Bio'e aces « dion oid 6 aca wkd 578 Bryops megacephalus Cope, skull.................6..ecece eee cece eeeeee 579 e % ARIS SIS ISS ed tel a 581 - ee Sg NETS Se ee a 583 e ae ET I i a oe wa ees ece eee 585 é" ~ “transverse section of braincase................ 586 * « ** transverse sections through the sphenethnoid and ee Naw pelea g ms ail 588 Dicynodon sp., section across the skull. .......... 20.62.02 cece cece ee ee eee 589 Eryops megacephalus Cope, mandible...................0.20-20eeeeeeees 590 NR ME Pus ahha a's us os bavi ba te dibinw bled phivauce- 591 ” 4 fn ee ee GE WED... was ao shaigwhe e'seuieeae vss 591 Zatrachys microphthalmus Cope, skull. ...... 2... 2.2.6... cece cece eee eee 593 Leurospondylus ultimus, vertebral column, side view....................-- 607 S re “vertebral centra side, dorsal and anterior end views 608 ; . ar ee Mh MONO oe sid culdadile see's +dbeeane 611 = “ belt humerus and left femur... .. 5. 60 icine cas cesae 612 = ec. cass phils keede seus cena. 613 - ne i ee se Die ees bua 614 Anadenus beebei Cockerell, structural details.....................--.-05- 618 LIST OF GENERA, SUBGENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES DESCRIBED OR RENAMED IN THIS VOLUME. GENERA AND SUBGENERA. Pace es aloe « bin'v pd vine bea ENS ad cee SWe'e wis ove 51 etree LTE IG Sina cp ls csecad wed du yulenes baie vedeus ares 206 NE Se ae DO Re gO i a 230 ds ivan cos sce u eee eee dhe ho evae Rade cues 237 eS a 9 5 ot wy tiny MAD ME ERR e UEC O's bord no bUnvevdedwers 264 ESE ASR RS 2 oe aE See ere 291 er Ue eee Udten wed becdie beatae’ Seeees 301 eg a ok ou vic ed o¥ be ud baa vedvenes 309 xvi List of New Names. Pace. Cdlocdetes Bemee o.oo vice occas lees icc vccece cess veub eee sen Baeatene -TEOGIA. busi icc cece ccine nse cccsocs cvevies bs ping Gina 441 Eidiolation THTOGOR . . usg vic cos n vice c biace cc Cocco ccc vues see patel tein 453 ee er rr rere... Parophionellus Brues and Richardson... ..........60+ceeeveeeeeeeneees . 495 Promicrogaster Brues and Richardson...............000eececeeeeceeeees . 499 Se ER ‘cena ee De Per ere cide Hetidoribines Tree; .. 6 ooh ccc ccc cccccscccsensceen dee Sean . 560 Temrospondafiue Brown. 2... cs. occ s ccc cccccccsccnssees see sean oe Specips AND SUBSPECIES. Eutamias amenus propinquus Anthony. ..........6..000eeeeeeeenes owe 6 Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus Anthony... ..........000eceeeeeeeeaees ll Microtus (Lagurus) curtatus artemisia Anthony. ..............-..++ee0000 14 Pachyrina pruinosa Johnson... ...........0-.00ceeceeeeneees ee onde ae Tipula subsluta Johnson... .... 2.0.2.6. 0800cesee cess cwuuus eens Senn 42 Peuyohoda annulipes Johnson.............:ss0ccneccceebesuh ous ee aii 43 @-* equamesa Johnaon.. ....... 5. < <6. esas cnt enaie ee eee 43 Nemotelus quadrinotatus Johnson... .........00cc cece cece cceeceeeseeees 50 Euryneurasoma slossone Johnson... .. 1.2.0.0. ccc cce csc cencecsencucess 51 Chrysops vittatus var. floridanus Johnson... .........00000 eee eeeeeteeeeees 52 Bpogoctylum slocsone: JohNGON. «¢ i... 2... ose dees teh ech adaeae hye hee 55 = grossbecké Johnson... ....0..s+«sessuetanavesnu ohhh eee 56 - occidentalie Johnaom . «.. 5 55 6s. jad onnaeedee ) 4a 56 Leplogaster floridensie Johnson... ......0cciscacccssatbevectasecsssauenn 60 Pegomyia gopheri Jobingon. ....... 2... <csdveetesseassse> sean e an ene 77 Trigonometropus reticulatus Johnson... .........00 cece cece cece eeeeeeeee 81 Chatopsis hendeli Johnson............0cctenncevencctsned ees eh sae aeunee 83 Chiliea similis Johnston :.;..... 6.6520. 0s00 sepa eeaae esa sale 85 Phortica hirtifrons Johnson................+05: Te ey Sued oie wd 4b re aa 88 Bdella robustirostris Ewing...............0..000000 55 0 kb Vee 112 * tesodjate Ewing. .... 6.055. een as bp iuisheroucce > woth a Meare aan 112 « muscorum var. minnesotensis Ewing...............+000000: oa eee 113 Matus loricis Towing. . ...... «00-0: 00s. sce ae oaeees babs cea oe 113 Trambicula splendens Ewing. ..... 2.5... s0a0csceksee bieu ctu shw eee 113 emaeus bifurcus Ewing. ........... 00.0. usuibaksasibe sacs eee 114 Macrocheles tridentifer Ewing... .... 0050 .0ccecccdcevsccctslvseue sae 114 Padicinum guthriei Ewing... ..........2.0c0cs0% bie mbes cle « eee 115, Sroecius tumidus Eiwing....... 2... 6css0ceceeneibee tebenae cae ees Palope minnesotensie Eewing...... 2.2.2.2 5sccssensebubect ven c sees auanan 116 Gribate carticis Ewing... ..... 2.0.5 00ccccveens cece seumlee sions tana 117 ~~ @@lécie owing... 26.20.02 c cc ccidevedcuncus onamweaee aden 117 © Famipers TOWING. «6... . «sos ove 0c ow tg cece eee 118 " <@innesdionsie Yowing...........:.scvcssacaceaeee cee 118 xviii List of New Names. Pace Bolitanope major Odor... .occcsccecesccvccsvcy tess meedes uh ev hues ewe 412 Lambdotherium priscum Oeborn... i... .ccccsccccceccccnctevssensveruses 413 Philanthus heFmoetls Banks. 6 cicc isc eccccvevccvcvcvecsssgvavectsnsernee 421 sy dnvignaieie Teme .. i 5s ccc cccecacetsssseseseray any h eee 421 as carolinensis Bans cic ccc ew cvcncvcceegqe¥s ts remit yaeneee 422 5 eS ere 422 * Sennttg TROURG si. cic cc ek vnc escecsvesevces+onsa¥s 422 Corctria GrOndle Bate. oi. ccciccc ccc aceccscetccvcd tosuesenenhia aa aam 423 Dre Te 423 Covearie anlarte Banks su... ci theese ec acettecesda eee anne 424 Oe ein Tem one os ie ie occ oo von voe'v one nse bely aya one 424 ~ giramontonsie Banks. .. . 5... 00s ciccdccccce de tace ene een 425 Ochotona (Pika) coreanus Allen and Andrews...........00000eeeeeeeercees 429 Meles melanogenys Allen and Andrews..............+.seeeeeeeeeeecseees 433 Bodwelope longus BHOOWA : 665 i cc cece ev ccecesssessnet ens wiee een 441 Disynodon whatist Broom... .. 5.0.6 ces ccvcvewceccegusesnse emer anemme 443 ” platgcebe BOOM... .... ccc esc sinukteene eu eo ob ewule seen 444 z Sclidepe Broom. .. .... 6. covve avn eds euwhs OS ee pas ee 446 - sueechope Broom... : .. 6.66. cceccscess bade eis see aen tense ann 446 2 tilorhinus BOOM... .....06 00:00 «900 b ub des Own ple nea etn ae ane 448 * Hesope Brot.) .:... . « .sveus oss oy. 06 ccnp ee ates eee 450 Jeonttope BROOM. ....5 . 0s voce cevsle see W kaw See De bk hea e nn 451 “5 planus Broom: . 6... se éeusciys ope bs 0 oben Oh et ree areee nn 452 Diiciotion galeope Broom. .... 6... ices vcr ss vs sce ee ease ee Oe 453. Beaydope longiceps Broown .. 555.5 sviw ooo vt nce cdewadtawets sa euy epee 455 Bmydorhynchus palustris Broom... ... 2.0 ..ccesedcudeusae vases s neweannee 456. Chobepue florencia Allen... 2.5.6.6 6. 06a sce eye we dpe dewels eye ce yoink eee 469 v3 agquatinus Allen... 6... 6.6. <cle soo 600 pened oh alesis sic Pane 470 * andinus Allen....... o's oc ce the.s on Mae nRtDt a alles ace ack ae 472 3 capitalis Allon) io. .6c c\scccc ccich ee cewinled bas on cel aa 472 Spleilagus (Tapeti) salentus Allen... . 0.06. ccccduccccsssssvvsvacsoeuapees 476 Rawasu- niger Allen . 6... 0666660 ce cols bap ee ee 476 Myoprocta milleri Allen................ceececeeee Pein Syne 3} ee 477 Coendu quichua richardeont Allen. .... 2.6. c0ccdbecdescseecucwseveween Gan 478 Sigmodon. chonensis Allen... ..... 650 cccee dc sds Mead betatiets hate 479 Proachinys o’connellé Allen... 0... 0. 0icacdccwovwaassucten betes Jeeta 479 menon tolimea Allon. «oo. 5.5... s «60s oo a slelee me palaniaitel Wek nalata sen ee 480 Pelos flavus tolimensis Allen. .... 2... 0ciccvcsscsdbesedeees Jet balee 481 Nasua olivacea lagunete Allen.............00000c00- phe Wah< Suh eee 483. Feere barbara sentlie Allen... ......s+ssccvuucvsindele as cupolas: ca aanunee 484 Microjoppa lutzii Brues and Richardson.............00eeceeeeeeceeeeeees 485, Protocryptus femoratus Brues and Richardson...........+.2++++eeeeeeeeee 486. Ophionocryptus nigrans Brues and Richardson...........0.000++0eeeeee0e 487 oe hastulatus Brues and Richardson...............+0-+00e00 488. Crypturopsis dilaticornis Brues and Richardson............+.++000+++ee008 489 “i grandis Brues and Richardson... .<..0\0\J5 bee bee ee eee 490 Neomesostenus caieteurensis Brues and Richardson..............++++++++0 491 4 gracilipes Brues and Richardson................20++es000- 492 ‘ tuheitensis Brues and Richardson...............+++++e+ee: 494 EG a 2 7 617 ERRATA. . Pages 29, 30, 32, for Rhinoplera bonasus read M yliobatis fremenvillei. _ Page 76, line 2 from bottom, for Lomnophora read Limnophora. : * 413, “8, for Sciris read Scirus. — “ 155, “ 20, for exythrochynchus read erythrorhynchus. _ “ 239, for F. O. Hovey read E. O. Hovey. * $92, change footnote to read: 1, Saurolophus osborni; 2, Trachodon mirabilis; 3, T'rachodon (Claosaurus) annectens. \ “ 521, the scale for Figs. 2-5 should be X 34, not X 50. ‘581, line 16, for Zatrachis read Zatrachys. “- 583, Fig. 13, for magacephalus read megacephalus. | “ 599, line 9 from bottom, for Zygodontomys read Thomasomys, and, in same line, for Z. read T. 0 - eh CSC RU LEST _ AMERICAN Museum oF NaturaL History. Votume XXXII, 19138. j 59.9(79.5) Article I.— MAMMALS OF NORTHERN MALHEUR COUNTY, OREGON. By H. E. Antony. Puiates I anp II. Emo the month of August and till September 19, 1912, I was engaged bb collecting mammals and birds in northern Malheur County, Oregon, for American Museum of Natural History. Previous to this time I had ected and taken notes in this district at two different intervals during 1911 — May and September. As practically nothing has been published on the fauna of this part of the State, the only references to it being in Se dealing with the whole general region which takes in parts of Oregon, ashington, Nevada, Idaho and California and is known as the great basin, the results of my collecting there may thuis serve to extend a little our _knowledge of the western fauna. Ironside, the point from which collecting was done, is in the northern part of Malheur County, about 40 miles west of the Snake River. It is just - to the east (from 4 to 6 miles) of the Burnt River Mountains and thus is on the meeting place of the higher timbered country and the open sage- brush hills and flats. The nearest timber is about four miles distant. - Willow Creek, which flows through this region, draining into the Malheur River, has an altitude of about 3750 feet at Ironside P. O. The benches and hills back from the Creek average 3850 to 4000 feet. They are covered with sage-brush (Artemisia tridentata) and occasional clumps of rabbit- brush (Chrysothamnus sp. ?). The general contour of the country is that of extensive flats alternating with rolling hills and ridges. Like nearly all the dry sage-brush lands of the 1 2 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, West, the soil is very fertile and ranching is extensively carried on, the greater part of the land under cultivation being along Willow Creek and its tributaries where water may be procured. Here the principal crop is hay, alfalfa, of which several cuttings a year are secured, and the native wild hay of the moist creek bottoms being the main varieties. Grain is quite com-° monly grown, the crops comprising wheat, oats and rye principally; and many of the ranchers have orchards of apples, pears, prunes, plums, peaches, and cherries. Quite often, however, frosts persist late enough in the spring to interfere with the fruit. The frosts begin again in the late summer or early in September and sometimes damage late crops of potatoes, corn, etc. On the whole the climate is quite equable, becoming rather warm in summer when the dry atmosphere, however, serves to mitigate high temperature and to produce the effect of milder warmth, and the nights are invariably cool. There is a moderate amount of snow in the winter. This part of the country, before the timbered hills are reached, belongs in high upper Sonoran and Transition zones as will be shown later by the species listed. The Burnt River Mountains to the west of Ironside present a totally different set of conditions. The mean altitude may be taken as about 5000 feet, although Ironside Mountain itself reaches 7500 feet. Timber begins at about 4200 feet and is somewhat scattering until one penetrates back of the first line of lower hills. Fair sized bodies of timber are then not un- common and as the mountains extend westward to merge into the Blue Mountains, large areas of timber are encountered. The timber for the most part is yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa), western larch (Larix occidentalis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata), and white fir (Abies lasiocarpa). In the lower foothills junipers (Juniperus occidentalis) are found, and mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolus) grows in rather extensive areas on the open hillsides among the conifers. Groves of aspens (Populus tremuloides) grow along the gulches and in the pockets on the hillside. Willows and . thorn (Crategus sp. ?) line the lower reaches of the running creeks. Service- berry (Amelanchier florida), choke cherry (Prunus demissa), maple (Acer sp.?) birches (Betula occidentalis and Betula piperi ?), and alder (Alnus tenuifolia) grow in suitable localities. Among the sage-brush occasional clumps of a low growing wild cherry (Prunus sp.?) are found. Among the plants a species of Calichortus, several species of Helianthus, Iupinus sp.?, Epilobium sp.? and Castilleia sp.? may be mentioned as being on the timbered hills and higher foothills. The mountains run from transition zone along the foothills to Canadian zone throughout the greater part of the main ranges. No evidence of Hudsonian zone conditions was noted; the altitude being rather too low for this. The mountain slopes are utilized for grazing horses, cattle and sheep. Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 3 nt breeding forms will =o show zonal relationships. The sage- | ors ie “9 h country i is the home of such species as: nigricollis californicus es phasianellus columbianus Otocoris alpestris merrilli Pica pica hudsonia Corvus corax principalis Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis Amphispiza nevadensis Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Oreoscoptes montanus Salpinctes obsoletus Corvus brachyrhynchos Seibiada Dolichonyx oryzivorus Molothrus ater obscurus Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (fall visitor) Agelaius phceniceus caurinus Sturnella neglecta Icterus bullocki Euphagus cyanocephalus Astragalinus tristis pallidus Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Melospiza melodia montana Melospiza lincolni Zamelodia melanocephala Passerina amcena Petrochelidon lunifrons Hirundo erythrogastra Tachycineta thalassina lepida Iridoprocne bicolor Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Planesticus migratorius propinquus 4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, In the timber species are met with additional to those that frequent Willow Creek, as follows: Dendragapus obscurus Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli Bonasa umbellus umbelloides Junco hyemalis connectens Cathartes aura septentrionalis Passerella iliaca schistacea Aquila chrysaétos Pipilo maculatus megalonyx Dryobates villosus subsp.? Oreospiza chlorura Phlceotomus pileatus abieticola Piranga ludoviciana Asyndesmus lewisi Sitta canadensis Cyanocitta stelleri annectens Sitta carolinensis aculeata Nucifraga columbiana Sitta pygmxa Carpodacus cassini Regulus calendula Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Myadestes townsendi Spinus pinus Sialia mexicana occidentalis There was no opportunity for determining whether or not all of the species above listed for the different localities about Ironside are breeding species, but, as the records were taken in May, August and early Septem- ber, it is safe to assume that most of them nest about Ironside, or in the mountains upon which this district borders. | 1, Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Ra/in.). Mute Deer; BLack-TAILeD DEER. Deer are not uncommonly found in the wooded mountains of the Burnt River range. They spend the summer well back in the more inaccessible parts of the range; but in the fall, when the weather turns colder, they start south for the lower country where they winter. The first snows see them well on their way. It is at this time that they are hunted and a fair number have been killed each year of late. Formerly they were quite abundant. Not infrequently they get caught in the foothills by bad weather and sometimes come into the ranch meadows, either leaping the barb-wire fence, breaking through it, or as I have been told, going through between the wires in some inexplicable manner. September 15, I spent the day hunting for deer on Ironside Mountain, but saw no sign whatever of their presence in that locality. It was, however, probably too early for the animals to have come out so far on the fall migration. 1913.) Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 5 __ 2, Antilocapra americana americana (Ord). —— PRONG-HORN. _ Formerly antelope ranged the open countiy of northern Malheur County in large numbers. I was told that up to as late as 1908 they had been __ reported near Ironside, where a band of 15 or 20 had ranged for several summers, about six miles to the south in suitable country. This band would work south in the fall to spend the winter about some springs where favorable winter forage existed. In the springtime they would return and be seen at intervals back on their summer range. However, there came a * summer when none returned and to-day their old range knows them not. It is presumed that they were exterminated while in their winter quarters, ‘since it is customary for antelope always to return to a chosen district unless persistently molested. 5 3. Ovis cervina cervina Desm. Mountain SHEEP. A fair-sized horn sheath of this species was seen on Ironside Mountain at an elevation of about 7000 feet, September 15. It was old and weathered and serves as one of the last reminders of a once abundant animal. The open, rocky ridges along the foothills were favorite haunts for this fine species in the earlier days, but it has been some years since the last one was seen in Malheur County. a 4. Sciurus hudsonicus richardsoni (Bachm.). RicHarpson’s CHIcKAREE; “Pine SQurtRREL.” Specimens of the “pine squirrel” from Ironside prove this form to be S. h. richardsoni. The specimens are fairly typical but the general colora- tion of the upper parts is darker and with less rufous than specimens from the Wallowa Mountains to the northward in Baker County. The “pine squirrel” or “chickaree” is a fairly common denizen of the Burnt River Mountains. Here it is found among the pine and fir timber and scattered piles of cone trimmings attest its industry. The squirrels that I found seemed to be rather shy and timid, and were hard to collect, two being all that I was able to secure in the short time I was in the tree zone. They were much oftener heard than seen. Occasionally individuals 6 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, follow down the creeks and are then seen as far as four or five miles from the nearest conifers. I collected one such in May, 1911, finding it among the willows along Willow Creek. I have noticed this wandering trait of the “pine squirrel” once before when I found it under similar circumstances in the Highwood Mountains of Montana while working for the U. S. Biologi- cal Survey. 5. Eutamias amenus propinquus subsp. nov. ALLIED CHIPMUNK. Type No. 33392, 9 ad., Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon. Alt. 4500 feet, Sept. 10, 1912. Collector H. E. Anthony. The type is in full mid-summer pelage, the post-breeding phase. Its closest relationships are with LZ. amenus Allen, from which it differs in constant character of coloration. Color in general more strongly orange. Sides of neck and shoulders and sides to hips, deep ochraceous orange and color of sides infringing more or less on under parts. Under side of tail, as well as lateral edging of tail, same color as sides. Dark dorsal stripes five, intense black throughout posterior half, rather near to color of sides from mid-dorsal region to posterior part of neck where the stripes become indistinct and are lost. All the dark stripes are of nearly equal intensity; outer stripes about as inner. Facial stripes brown, almost black. Light dorsal stripes with inner two ochraceous, outer pair buffy white. The rest of a series of 19 specimens (Aug. 7-September 10) bear out the above description but vary from the ochraceous orange pelage of mid- summer to the vinaceous gray of the fall pelage. The fall pelage has the ochraceous orange suffusion of the dorsal region replaced by grizzled grayish, which is slightly washed with vinaceous on the rump. The pelage of the nearly full grown young has the dorsal region with dark slate gray replacing the ochraceous orange of the adults, the white facial markings broader and under side of tail yellowish with less orange. The series compared as a whole with a series of amenus from northern California and Klamath Lake, Oregon (one specimen, topotype), shows to a marked extent the richer coloring of the eastern Oregon form. The best character of separation is the under side and lateral edgings of the tail which in the Ironside series is consistently a pronounced ochraceous orange (in — adults) and in amenus is always several shades weaker and generally with no suggestion of orange. Sides and under parts of amenus have weaker shades of ochraceous; the dirty yellow white underparts of amenus differ perceptibly from the slightly buffy underparts of propinquus with its ochraceous encroachments from the sides. In cranial characters the two forms are indistinguishable. Measurements of type (from flesh): Total length, 207; tail, 90; hind Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 7 ep iiaeliamnenaaass Total length, 205.5; tail, 90.8; hind The range of this form is probably the eastern slope (at least) of the Blue Mi i of which the mountains about Ironside may be considered a part. A series of chipmunks collected to the northward in the Powder River Mountains, Baker County, although not at present accessible for comparison, will prove I think, referable to this subspecies. Between the ‘type locality of amenus and its adjacent range in Oregon and California and the mountain system of which Ironside Mountain is a part, there seems _ to be a sufficient barrier in the way of arid sage-brush wastes and alkaline _ stretches to preclude the possibility of the same form occupying both regions. Indeed subsequent investigation may warrant raising the eastern - Oregon form to a full species, but under the present status a subspecific fs spa seems best. _ «This active little species is the most abundant mammal in the timber. It is first met with on the lower foothills, where it meets the range of its ne ‘sage-brush relative E. minimus pictus. Here service-berries, choke-cherries, and the seed-pods of numerous weeds, furnish it with an abundance of forage. In the timber, their favorite haunts are about old logs or brush piles. They are rather more curious than pictus, but have tempered this fault with a fair degree of caution, so that very close approach is not toler- ated. They were seen up the trunks of the pines on several occasions, and were often seen opening service-berries while seated in the tops of the bushes. _ A rattlesnake killed September 10 had one of these chipmunks in its stomach. 6. Eutamias minimus pictus (Allen). Paintep CuipmunK; “SAGE-BRUSH CHIPMUNK.” _ Desert chipmunks from Tronside are fairly typical pictus; although the series ranges from individuals with the dark dorsal stripes typical (inner q _ dark stripe blackish and outer ones dark chestnut) to specimens with all of ey: _ the dark dorsal stripes black and the general coloration much darker than _____ This little chipmunk is quite common all through the sage-brush dis- __ tricts. It is a shy, timid animal, quickly taking fright; and when it _ scampers away it seldom stops before one has lost it. When anything excites the curiosity of this little stripe-bearer, he mounts to the top of a handy sage-bush, if the disturbance is at a safe distance, and utters his : i scolding chatter, giving due emphasis by nervous twitches of his tail. “He always has his line of retreat selected and loses no time in testing it. a 8 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, For this reason, more can be taken in traps set among the brush than can be collected with a gun by most diligent hunting. A good place to look for this chipmunk is in gulches or pockets where a species of low growing cherry is found, also where the sage-brush is particularly rank. Around corrals and fence corners also seem favorite spots. 7. Citellus oregonus (Merriam). OreEGoN SPERMOPHILE; OREGON “GROUND-SQUIRREL.” The spermophiles collected in eastern Oregon are referred to oregonus on the basis of the original description (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washn., Vol. XII, p. 69, C. H. Merriam) as no specimens of oregonus were on hand for com- parison. Measurements and pelage agree well with the description, but when the skulls were considered a discrepancy was discovered. In the original description, oregonus is differentiated from beldingi by the following: “palatine bones shorter anteriorly, reaching only to plane of middle of 2d molars (in beldingi they reach plane of interspace between Ist and 2d molars).” Also oregonus has ascending arms of premaxille narrower than beldingi, according to the original description. A complete reversal of these conditions was noted when the Ironsid2 specimens of oregonus were com- pared with specimens of beldingi from Silver Lake, Amador County, Cal. (American Museum Nos. 11501, 11502). Otherwise the agreement with the description places the series as oregonus. These ground squirrels are very abundant anywhere in the open country, They colonize to quite an extent, and wherever they are not rigidly kept in hand by shooting, trapping, etc., their colonies become quite extensive. They are a great menace to the rancher and the damage done to young grain is a serious loss in the aggregate. They come out in the spring from their long hibernation often through several inches of snow, and from that time until they are ready to hole up in the fall, they work on the crops of alfalfa, wheat, rye, oats, etc. The tender sprouts of the grain are levelled to the ground and the squirrels soon wax fat on suchadiet. It often happens that a late spring brings the squirrels out of their winter quarters before vegetation has yet started; in that event, the animals die in hundreds and thousands from starvation, for the long winter sleep leaves them ill-fitted for long fasts. Early in the season, about the latter part of April and early May, the younger generation arrive; and five or six tiny, slow-moying youngsters may be seen about the entrance to each burrow on a bright day. They grow rapidly and soon are able to do all the damage that the adults are capable of. By the first of July, the squirrels have become quite fat eee Te a ey ee Ree ey 7” j > ied pe ee ae Ng a ee ee ait thn oe 4 =.) | Oe Se Ae ae Cay oe 2 = i ae ae ae = — a91a) Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 9 and by the 20th of the month, excessively so. By the 1st of August they ___ have begun to hole up and the next ten days sees them all stowed away until the next spring. Occasionally one comes out on a bright sunny day ___ and basks before the entrance of his burrow. The ranchers have declared eternal warfare on this species and shoot, trap, and poison them, from the _ time they come out until they go in again. So prolific are they, however, _ that if a truce is declared for one season, the middle of the next finds the 2 fields teeming with busy squirrels. 8. Gallospermophilus chrysodeirus chrysodeirus (Merriam). GoLpEN-NECK SPpERMOPHILE; “Bic TrwBeR CureMuUNK.” fe A series of nine specimens of Callospermophilus was taken near Ironside, | which seems most referable to true chrysodeirus. In cranial characters the Tronside series is fairly typical; and the coloration of pelage, on the whole, is as in chrysodeirus, but with rather less orange or golden in the mantle. From the description of Callospermophilus trepidus Taylor (Univ. Cal. ‘ Publ. i in Zool., Vol. 5, p. 283), no characters could be drawn to warrant placing the eastern Oregon specimens under C. trepidus, although the range of the latter is in a district very similar to that about Ironside. _ This handsome squirrel was fairly common back among the timbered hills, where it frequented log-strewn spots and rocky out-croppings. I found it in such localities on August 7, September 2 and September 10, the latter date being exceedingly late for one of the Callospermophilus group to be above ground in this latitude. From previous experience with this 3 group, I have found them early hibernators, going into winter quarters about August 1. On September 10, I secured five specimens and saw several more, which would seem to indicate delay in hibernating, unless this is the regular habit for the species in this locality. These animals were very shy and were secured only by careful stalking. When alarmed they ran to their burrows and did not stop until they were at the bottom of them. = 9. Marmota flaviventer,fsubsp. (Aud. & Bach.). YELLOW-BELLIED Woopcuuck; “Grounp-Hoa.”’ Marmots are found in the rocks which crop out along some of the ridge rests about Ironside. ‘These animals were in hibernation at the time when L collected there and so none were secured. 10 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXI1, 10. Castor canadensis canadensis Kuhl. CANADA BEAVER. The beaver have held their own along Willow Creek and to-day their — dams and evidences of their work can be seen at every bend. The ranchers, in general, believe in their protection; and, freed from molestation, the few that were left on the creek, when active trapping for their fur ceased some years ago, have increased to quite a respectable number. The whole valley of the creek shows the results of beaver work. The soil, in places, indicates conditions that only generations of beaver dams produce by in- undation; and most of the creek bottoms are moist from sub-irrigation induced by beaver work. The ranchers consider these animals an important asset to their holdings; so much so, in fact, that when stock is occasionally lost through becoming bogged down and drowning in some dam, they do not — molest the beavers, but charge up the loss to accident. For the beaver is responsible for the heavy hay crops in the creek valley through his system of sub-irrigation. His dams raise the level of the waters and his burrows, dug deep into the banks, provide a ready outlet into the fields for the back- water. In most cases, the water does not appear in the meadows as surface moisture, but may be found at varying depths of several inches. The value of this has been demonstrated by the former uncertainty of hay crops — when the beaver were scarce; and by the increase in yield as the beaver multiplied and their work became a greater factor. An interesting modification in food habits, due to the cultivation of the creek meadows, was noted. The beaver were found to have numbers of well defined paths into the alfalfa; and every morning, mud and water along these attested to their constant use. The alfalfa would be cleared away for some distance from the creek bank by the time the meadow was ready for cutting. After the field was mowed, the beaver brought in bundles ef the cut hay and used it even when it was fairly dry. A few cut willows were generally to be seen floating in the dead water at each dam. Very rarely were beaver houses noted; these animals seemed to prefer living in holes in the bank, with the entrances under water. 11. Mus musculus musculus” Linn. House Mouse. This little cosmopolitan is not uncommon at Ironside, for I have taken it at haystacks in the meadows and also out in the sage-brush where I was. trapping for Perognathus. Both localities were some distance from dwellings. Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. ll be ie is Goyehe heh leucogaster fuscogriseus subsp. nov. ; |. an pe) Gray Scorpion Mouse. Ply No. 33544, 9 ad., Ironside, Malheur Co., Oregon, altitude 4000 feet, August 20, 1912; coll. H. E. ‘Anthony. ___ Most like 0. 1. brevicaudus but differing markedly from it in color, the buffy of wdus being replaced by dark gray washed with dark brown. The type has the color of upper parts dark gray with intermixture of dark brown and slate colored hairs, the brown strongest on top of head and along the indistinct dorsal area. Orbi- _ tal ring, spot just above nostrils, and a small patch in front of eye and at base of _ whiskers, with short black hairs. Subauricular tufts white, conspicuous, and in - _ marked contrast with the upper anterior half of ear which is brownish black. Fur _ of underparts clear white, with slatey under fur. Tail bicolor, with contrast between _ the grizzled gray of upper part and the clear white of the under surface fairly sharp. Distal third of tail white, unicolor. Faint medial stripe of darker gray on upper ‘surface of tail. Color of four other adults as in the type, with a little variation in intensity of the dusky wash. _ Immature pelage uniform slate gray on upper parts with less contrast between the weak black of the upper ear and the grayish white of the subauricular tufts. ‘ Little black about face. Bicolor quality of tail scarcely developed. _____ Aspecimen in transition from immature to adult stage (No. 33538) has head and neck of the slate gray of the immature pelage, meeting the adult phase on the back im an irregular line. Posterior two thirds of upper surface brownish gray with slight vinaceous cast in some lights. _ Cranial characters as in O. 1. brevicauda. Skull of same size as brevicauda with nasals averaging rather more convex laterally at anterior end. _ Measurements of type (in flesh): Length, 140; tail, 34; hind foot, 20. Average of ten specimens from type locality: Length, 129.9; tail, 34.6; hind foot 19.8. = This mouse is represented by a series of ten skins with skulls, all from __ Tronside, and of this series five are mature animals. None have the molars worn to any great extent, the type, which is evidently the oldest, having _ the sharp points and angles fairly well rounded by wear. _ The transition from the immature to the adult stage is well marked, both in pelage and skull, leaving little doubt of the maturity of five of the series, a doubt which might have arisen from the fact that the teeth show little wear. _ ‘The relationship of this form to O. 1. brevicaudus is readily apparent, _ but the striking difference in color of the pelage warrants the establishment of anew subspecies. ____ The scorpion mouse was taken sparingly in suitable localities at Iron- _ gide. A sage-covered slope was found to be such a spot, and here traps set _ at the old badger holes, at the burrows made by small rodents, and beneath __ @lumps of sage would take an occasional Onychomys. Evidence of their 12 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, presence would be sometimes shown in the condition of Perognathus and Peromyscus caught in the traps during the night. This mouse with his carnivorous propensities would dine off the victim and only a mangled fragment would be left in the trap. As the other mice, notably Microtus and Peromyscus, at times become addicted to this habit it was not pos- sible to tell how much of this work could be attributed to Onychomys. 13. Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis (LeConte). Sonora Wutre-FooteD Mouse. The Peromyscus collected about Ironside have a rather puzzling status. The series, 75 specimens, is large enough to include a number of - and ages. No typical characteristics of any one subspecies could be con- sistently followed out, but the strongest affiliations seem to be with sonorien- sis, with a marked tendency, however, towards m. artemisiea. Only two specimens were taken in the adjacent mountain district, so there is in- sufficient material to determine the form there; but it is quite likely that the mountain subspecies is artemisie, or possibly m. gambeli, and that the Ironside series is from the meeting ground of the mountain mouse with the desert sonoriensis. This would produce a variety of intergrades. Sonorien- sis taken by me in southern Malheur County presented much more typical characteristics. Also artemisi@ has been taken to the north of Ironside in Baker County, where its relationships showed a tendency toward gambeli. Thus the possibilities are presented for a mixture of characters, a fact which the series substantiates. The white-footed mouse is the commonest of the rodents of this region. Everywhere, from the dry sage-brush lands where desert conditions prevail in the summer, to the luxurious vegetation of the creek bottom where willows and lush grass concealed them, this mouse was the commonest of the trapped mammals. Individuals in all stages of pelage and age were taken. Pink, short-haired baby mice were found August 20. This mouse with its omnivorous appetite was taken readily on either grain or meat baits. 14. Neotoma cinerea occidentalis (Baird). WeEsTERN BusnHy-TAILED Woop Rar. The wood rats taken at Ironside are occidentalis with but little tendeney toward intergradation with true cinerea. Wood rats are quite common about Ironside. Every rocky ledge has its 5 _ Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 13 : the animal: als take up their abode about the ranch buildings. i caqpreially, the rats from localities which are near to ranches sonal Geog rama On account of their mis- us habits, they are great pests and are trapped and shot whenever sion offers. During the month of July, at my father’s ranch, he had ; od fi ly twenty-five wood rats out of one barn. On my arrival, I ies Stephing lob spicier sith tock fitted more: The barn ordinary size and the rats were taken in unbaited traps set along the sebaage ecb of theo takeir being young of the year: The habits seating aeagaadaealiomian but differ little from 15. Microtus nanus canescens Bailey. Gray Meapow Mouss. species of Microtus were taken along Willow Creek. ¥ Representa- of the series were sent to Mr. Vernon Bailey of the U. S. Biological , who kindly identified them for me. The shorter-tailed specimens ce | as fairly typical M. n. canescens. This form was rather in the 16. Microtus mordax mordax (Merriam). CANTANKEROUS MEADow Movuse. e long-tailed Microtus of the series Mr. Bailey has referred to M. of which it is fairly typical. This form, which ordinarily prefers i and higher Transition zones, has evidently used the convenient y of Willow Creek to invade the lower zone sage-brush country. ih siordhs and nanus canescens were taken in the same trap on different s and probably use the same runways to a certain extent. However, that nanus canescens, in general, affects the meadowlands and fields lering the creek, while mordaz is restricted to the willow thickets and . growths of grass, nettles, ete., which immediately line the cold creek ers. The greater part of a good-sized series of Microtus from along ow Creek are mordaz. mice were quite abundant in the hay meadows and the moist sk bottoms. Here their runways were plainly discernable and traps set 14 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXTIj in them yielded a fair number of specimens. As is usually the case with this genus, all sizes and ages of these mice were taken. During the haying, great numbers of meadow mice are driven out into the stubble by the mower and rake, and a good idea of their abundance may be then obtained. At this time, when the short stubble affords poor chances for concealment, the meadow mice are preyed upon by a formidable array of enemies. Hawks, owls, weasels, coyotes and skunks are the most energetic of these. Swainson’s, the western red-tail, the sharp-shinned, Cooper’s, and the marsh hawk, work the meadows by day; while at dusk, the long-eared and great horned owls turn their fierce eyes in quest of Microtus. In one instance, the long-eared owl was seen by day, watching from a fence post for one last mouse before he retreated for the day. At this season, from the Ist of August until the end of harvesting (about the lst of October) the coyotes are frequently seen hunting the short stubble for these mice. Weasels and skunks were noted on several occasions in localities that showed their fondness for meadow mice. Large flocks of crows work over the meadows at this time of year, primarily after grasshoppers, but probably pick up a number of mice in the short stubble. Ravens also were seen in a number of instances, watching from fence posts, and an opportunity to catch meadow mice would surely not be passed by. Despite this continual war of ex- termination, meadow mice are one of the surest crops of the district. 17. Microtus (Lagurus) curtatus artemisiz subsp. nov. SaGe-BrusH Meapow Movse. Type No. 33547, 9 ad., Ironside, Malheur Co., Oregon, altitude 4000 ft., August 9, 1912; coll. H. E. Anthony. Very similar to M. curtatus, but averaging smaller; color about as in curtatus. The type is in the light gray pelage. Upperparts pale gray with light irregular wash of bistre brown on crown andrump. Base of tail and lower rump buffy. Transition from upper to lower parts gradual. Ears blackish with a few buffy hairs at base. Underparts silvery white. Tail faintly bicolor, color of back above, buffy white beneath. Two other specimens (33548 and 33549) about as in the type but color of the upperparts with stronger buffy brown wash and with buffy ear edgings. No. 33549 has white of the underparts suffused with buff. Skull nearly the same size as curtatus, larger than in M. pauperrimus. Bulle inflated, fully as large as in curtatus, much larger than in pauperrimus. Superior outline of skull nearly flat, with little evidence of the concavity, postorbitally, of pauperrimus. Molars large, with pattern as in all the species of the subgenus. Compared with skulls of curtatus (U. 8. Biol. Surv. Nos. 41018 @ and 40441 9, Mt. Magruder, Nevada) the Ironside skulls are slightly shorter but of approximately Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 15 Width of the upper molar series fully as great as in late approaching the width in M. pallidus (Biol. Sur. 110803, Glenullin, Dak.). Width of the lower molar series greater than in curtatus. Audital bulle relatively larger, actually as large as in curtatus. Interpterygoid ssa averaging wider posteriorly in curtatus. Parietals averaging more convex “later ios Un the Ironside specimens giving the brain-case a rounded, inflated appear- ance. Hamular process of mandible as in curtatus. same characters which separate curtatus from pallidus will separate M. c. mis Tacs policies. Compared with skulls of pauperrimus (Nat. Mus. 78535, 78543, 148169, from elope, Ore. and Lily, Colo.) the most striking difference is in the size of the audital which are much larger in the Ironside skulls. The mastoid breadth is greater _ The relations of the Ironside series with the other forms of the subgenus are clearly shown in cranial characteristics. Although the series comprises | only three skins with skulls, the characters set forth above are constant. _ As the external appearance of all the species of Lagurus is very similar the Tronside skins might be matched by skins of any of the other forms. A glance at the skulls, however, immediately places their relationship with “i curtatus. From curtatus, however, sufficient differences have been noted . to justify making a subspecies of the new form. No opportunity for com- paring with M. (Lagurus) intermedius Taylor (Univ. of Calif. Pub. Zool. Vol. VII, p. 263) was had; but, as this form is described as having smaller Y - bullee and narrower rostrum, among other distinctions, than curtatus, it , cannot’ conflict. 3 The: range of M. curiatus is the Transition zone of the lower mountains of western Nevada and adjacent parts of California, the altitude given on the skins loaned by the Biological Survey being 8200 feet. The Ironside specimens were all taken at a little under 4000 feet, on dry, sage-covered flats where upper Sonoran conditions prevail. As country of similar _ character to that about Ironside extends to the southward until the western _ Nevada habitat of curtatus is reached, it seems safe to assume that somewhere between the two regions intergradation takes place. This pale gray mouse was found but sparingly. Traps set at fresh appearing burrows among the sage-brush yielded but three specimens; _ several more were taken but were destroyed while in the trap by other mice. _ This mouse was taken on several occasions during the day. No signs of _Tunways were noted, as practically no grass grew about the bases of the sage-brush. I am inclined to think that this mouse lives in small, isolated colonies and is rather rare, as a special effort to extend the series taken _ tesulted in failure. On August 9, a rattlesnake was killed which had one of _ these short-tailed mice in its stomach. 4 ‘a a 16 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXX, _ Comparative Measurements of Microtus curtatus, M.c. artemisie, and M. pauperimus. | Tall Ss ere BH so 33548 |127 | 26/17 |22.9 |6.75|/14 |12 |6 (8.1 6.2 | 50.22 as 33549 |120 | 1917 | 21.75/62 |14 |12 |5.7 |7.5 | 6.2 | 46.5 Averages of a, q M.c.artemisia | 12°°3| 23 |17 | 22.38) 6.48) 14.06) 12.26) 5.9 7 arr 4 Averages of d | SE. Guilds 141 | 27 | 17.6) 23.2*| 6.53| 14.5 | 12.6 |6 8.1 | 6.38) 51.51 Averages of M. pauperrimus 115 | 20 | .16) 20.74) 5.8 | 13.22) 11.22) 5.62) 7.4 | 5.83) 43.14 18. Fiber zibethicus osoyoosensis Lord. Rocky Mountain Muskrat. Muskrats are quite common along Willow Creek, where they use to a. — greater or less extent the ponds built up by Castor. Their runways were found in several localities running back from the ponds into the lo: g meadow grass and into the alfalfa fields. This species was noted several times. swimming about during the day, but attempts to secure specimens failed because the wounded animal succeeded in diving and losing itself in the tangle of submerged brush which characterizes Willow Creek. These animals are hunted in the winter for their fur and many are secured. The- great horned owls probably catch a number of rats, as owls were seen watch- ing the beaver ponds from some point of vantage in the willows. | 19. Thomomys fuscus fisheri Merriam. FisHer’s Pocket GOPHER. A series of gophers taken along Willow Creek is nearest fisheri, but furnishes many points of intergradation with true fuscus. In coloration 1 Averages of skin measurements taken from North Am. Fauna No. 17, Revision of Ameri can Voles of the Genus Microtus, by Vernon Bailey. ? Averages of cranial measurements from two skulls from type locality (Biol. Surv. Nos. 40441, 41018) and from measurements of one skull in above revision. * Averages of cranial measurements from four adult skulls from Oregon localities. Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 17 : decal n fisheri (U. S. Biol. Surv. Nos. 24297, Umatilla, 4, Sierra Valley, Cal.;. and 80719, Cottonwood Range, ) quite closely; while others more nearly resemble typical fuscus . Surv. Nos. 90595, Wallowa Mts., Oregon; 23674 and 23537, Mts., Idaho). The skulls are most like fisheri, having the are, flr ing zygomatic arch. wees dC ereck: bottom suitable conditions of soil and vegetation prevail. The dryer, sage- benches and flats do not furnish much forage and here their mounds ely seen, but in the meadows by the creek their mounds are very 4 On account of their small size, these animals are very difficult and the traps are more often sprung and plugged with earth than il. Most of their work is done evenings and early mornings; only 20. Perognathus parvus parvus (Peale). OreGon Pocket Movse. M ee er © Pvenatber sgroce in ell essen- tial par ; with the description of parrus (Osgood: N. A. Fauna No. Se Gtk chine of parus loaned by the U. S. Biol. Surv. (Nos. 57107 nd 91816, the Dalles, Oregon, type locality). All of the specimens are in oe Some of the skins have a "y toward the buffy phase as represented by the Survey skins. The See Uicuislia teuiral inthe cantexn Ocegom specimens. Se eae mice are fairly common throughout the flats where sage-brush ws. They do not seem to make the burrows or trails which characterize genus farther south; but evidently use to a certain extent holes already A few fresh looking burrows were found in among the brush, placed that the base of the brush effectually concealed them. Rolled oats oved an attractive bait and invariably the trapped animal had its cheek hes filled with the oats. 21. Zapus princeps princeps Allen. . Rocky Mountain Jumpinc Mouse. » specimens of Zapus were taken at Ironside. The Ironside mouse decidedly not typical princeps and shows a strong tendency toward ps oregonus, but its closer affinities seem to be with princeps. In 18 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, coloration, the eastern Oregon Zapus has the ochraceous lateral coloration of oregonus replaced by yellowish. The tail is distinctly bicolor. The skulls of the Ironside series are very near princeps. The first upper pre- molar is small, never functional in any of the skulls and in one (No. 33622) is completely missing, no trace of an alveolus being apparent. The audital bulle are as in princeps and the upper and lower toothrows divaricate posteriorly, perceptibly more than in p. oregonus. ‘ Jumping mice were found to be rather more common than species of this genus are wont to be. A series of nine specimens was taken in the tall grass and willows along the creek. Although the animals were in good condition, they lacked the heavy layer of fat beneath the skin which is assumed for hibernation, as a rule, about this time of year (August to September). It is not improbable that in this locality he for the good weather continues until late. 22. Erethizon epixanthum epixanthum Brandi. WESTERN PoRCUPINE. No specimens of this animal were taken, but remains of one were found in a rocky ledge. In winter they are not uncommon in the willows along Willow Creek. 23. Lepus campestris townsendi Bachman. Townsenp’s Hare; “Wauite-ratLep Jack Rapsir.” Specimens taken at Ironside prove practically typical in pelage and cranial characteristics. White-tailed jacks, as this species is known to the visiomenid are quite abundant in northern Malheur County. During the summer months, these rabbits stay along the higher foothills and thus are seldom seen. The few that remain in the lower country where the black-tail, L. californicus wallawalla, range, generally choose a different character of feeding ground. The white-tails prefer the open flats and the rye-grass fields or stubble, after haying, and lie very close when one approaches. The black-tail prefers sage-brush and seldom allows a close approach. Besides the differ- ence in build of the two species and the dissimilarity in tail pattern, the gaits of the two forms, when aroused from cover, serve to distinguish them as far as they can be seen. Townsendi runs with a halting, one-sided lope, looking back over the shoulder; while wallawalla runs smoothly and evenly Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 19 aa stops to look ba Townsendi when thoroughly frightened, ins a burst of speed far in excess of the powers of wallawalla. In winter, n these rabbits are white, they come down from the hills to feed about ‘stacks. On moonlight nights the ranchers hunt them here and can kill ten or a dozen in an evening. At this season their flesh is often 24. Lepus californicus wallawalla Merriam. AL WALLA Jack Rassrr; “ Brack-rarep Jack Rassrr.” tailed jack rabbits from Ironside are referable to the above form. may be considered typical, as may also the cranial characters, some tendency toward intergradation with c. deserticola is shown : ar tas wodital hulle: and jogs *k-t are the most abundant of the Leporidee at Ironside, their s being far in excess of the other three species combined. They rywhere over the sage-brush hills and their destruction of crops 1 one of the worst enemies of the ranchman. One of their most us habits is browsing on the young fruit trees when first set out. ed rabbit proof fence affords little protection from this species, for go anywhere its head can enter, a small space between the yielding ready entrance. i rabbit, as well as the other three species of the Leporide found in regi : 1, suffers greatly from parasites. Without exception, every sit shot had from one to half a dozen worms just under the skin, ranging from the diameter ofa gain of rice to a full half inch Ticks in 1 = numbers were also found. he ara part of the rabbits seen during the late summer months young of the year, about three-quarters grown. They were rather ad curious, but the adults were quite shy and suspicious. 25. Sylvilagus nuttalli nuttalli (Bachman). Nutra.u’s Corron-tal.. r all practical purposes the series of Sylvilagus taken at Ironside be considered topotypes. The supposed type locality, the mouth : ¢ Malheur River, is approximately fifty miles to the northeast, with » character of the intervening country the same as that of Ironside. ‘The -imen: talien bear out the description given in Nelson’s Revision (N. A. 20 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII], Fauna No. 29). Nelson in his revision gives the vertical range of nuttalli as up to 3000 feet (J. c., p. 201). But it reaches 4000 feet at Ironside and has been noted, not uncommonly, among the foothills almost to 5000 feet; thus placing a large part of its range in northern Malheur County at 4000 feet and above. Cotton-tails are fairly common about Ironside. They frequent brushy draws and spots affording rather more cover than the open sage-flats. The adults are rather shy and, when once started, generally run until they have reason to believe themselves safe. The younger animals at times are ridiculously tame and merely keep out from underfoot. This species rarely enters a burrow, when started from cover, unless hard pressed. 26. Brachylagus idahoensis (Merriam). Ipano Piemy Rassit; “Bruse Rapsir.” The series of Brachylagus collected at Ironside may be considered fairly typical idahoensis. The series, ten in number, includes both immature and adult pelages, as well as the mid-summer and fall phases. Between these extremes are specimens showing gradation from one to the other, a range so wide that the extremes suggest different races. Since my return from Eastern Oregon, five specimens of Brachylagus idahoensis, collected at Ironside, by A. W. Anthony, from November 18 to December 17, 1912, have been received at the Museum. These skins are undoubtedly in the winter pelage but differ so markedly from what was supposed before to be the winter pelage (specimens taken September 8), that a comparison of the different pelages as represented in the Ironside series seems called for. The summer pelage, as in the Ironside series, is fairly constant when one takes into consideration the different stages of wear. The upper parts, in the adult, are a grizzled brownish gray with more or less blackish hairs according to the state of wear. In worn summer pelage the black is lost and the dorsal region has a stronger brownish tinge. This is due to the fact that the hairs of the upper parts have several distinct colors throughout their length. The blackish hairs of the early summer are black only on the tips. Just beneath the black is a short band of gray, while following the gray is a band of rufous or vinaceous. The basal half or two-thirds of the hair is slate gray. A slight intermixture of hairs light gray for their entire length is found in the summer skins. Two specimens collected August 10, are taken as summer examples. The different stages of wear in this pelage, as the different colored tips to the hairs disappear, produce a phase that Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 21 with considerable black in the upper parts and ends with these parts ra monotone of gray with a wash of rufous along the dorsal line. is has assumed a full, heavy pelage of much longer, iiier hair than that ich makes up the summer coat. The upper parts, posterior to the rufous ok patch, have a pronounced vinaceous tinge that makes the animal look rely different. In this pelage the long hairs have tips of vinaceous gray, ‘gray becoming purer and lighter toward the base, with a suggestion of a band of blackish, followed by a band several millimeters wide "of brownish buff and with the basal two-thirds bluish slate. A few of the hairs have blackish tips, especially in the mid-dorsal region. The two _ specimens of Sept. 8 have this pelage except for the head and ears back to the shoulders. A specimen taken November 18 has this same pelage com- i plete, and differs from the September skins in having a sightly less orange _ mape. A specimen taken November 26 differs in having more black-tipped __ hairs and practically no vinaceous tinging of the gray hairs, giving upper ; - parts with clear gray and black intermixture. By the middle of December fading has brought about another change in a color. A specimen with the label bearing the date of December 13, has nearly all the blackish hair tips gone from the upper parts and the vinaceous east so weakened that it appears as a buff. A specimen taken December 17 is much the same, but has perhaps a lighter appearance. A specimen of December 14 presents the maximum fading and consequently the most striking appearance. This skin is almost a clear silver gray and in life _ must have served the animal as a protective color on the snow. The long ___ hairs have everywhere faded to clear gray and only the slightest suggestion __ of buff remains. The head is gray and as the ears fully cover the orange __ yellow nape the whole upper surface of the body is silver gray. The feet __ have retained their orange coloration and there ‘is an indefinite band of ____ brownish black along the anterior border of the ear. Except for difference in the length of the hair the only changes in the pelage of the under parts _ from summer to winter is that the winter specimens have the white clearer and with less buffy or orange washings. Taken all together the winter pelage when it has reached its lightest _ phase is a most peculiar one, and would seem to most resemble the transi- tion pelage of the varying hares when the white coat of winter prevails over _ the summer coat. __ The Idaho pygmy rabbit, rarest of the Leporide in the United States, __ is a not uncommon species about Ironside. I first noted it in September, 1911, when I secured five specimens: later, August to September, 1912, I _ took ten more. A special effort was made to ascertain something of the habits of this little known rabbit and the following facts were noted. re ei j a ve a 22 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. |Vol. XXXII, This rabbit seemed to be quite generally distributed throughout the district, where it is recognized by ranchers as being distinct from the cotton- tail. It has a decided preference for little draws and flats where the sage- brush grows thickly, and where rabbit-brush (Chrysothamnus) occurs in extensive patches. In fact, the best way to hunt this animal was to look for the bright yellow of Chrysothamnus and then work that vicinity. Very rarely could one be found at any distance from rabbit-brush. This may have been only a coincidence, for spots where the rabbit-brush grows are generally more luxuriant in vegetation than adjacent localities, but it remains a fact that a dozen rabbits were seen in places as described above to every one that could be found out on the sparsely brushed flats and hills. It was mere accident if one idahoensis was found where the low sage grew and conditions suited the other species of the Leporide, but one might be reasonably sure of seeing several in any extensive.growth of rabbit-brush and tall sage. Here they appeared to colonize and as many as eight or ten were seen in a forenoon, on several occasions. On account of the thick growth and the animal’s habit of circling about under cover an- accurate count of the inhabitants of such a locality was difficult to obtain. The pygmy did not seem to be as wild as the Sylvilagus nuttalli often found in the same spot. Jdahoensis would start from under a bush and in a series of leisurely hops or short runs, if not too greatly alarmed, melt away into the thick cover. Careful following on the trail would discover a ball of brownish fur at the foot of some clump, with eyes watching the back trail and nervous ears on the alert. Cautious movements would permit approach to within ten or twelve feet. In fact, one great drawback in securing speci- mens was this close proximity of the animals. In the thick growth they affect, the hunter does not see one until it has started from under his very feet, where it is manifestly impossible to shoot it; and, before it has reached a distance where it would not be uselessly mangled, the animal has inter- posed brush between itself and the danger. Pursuit only brings a repeti- tion of this or finds the rabbit motionless at ridiculously close range. The social instinct might, at first glance, appear to be rather more developed in Brachylagus than in the other Leporide of the region because of this habit of preference for restricted areas, and observations seem to bear this out. Not infrequently two of the animals were put out from the same clump of brush, and it was generally noted that the residents of each particular area would be found more or less congregated at one part of their chosen district. This was not due to conditions of food supply, evidently, for the next visit might discover them at the. opposite end. When one rabbit was seen, more often than not, others would scurry out too, before any great distance was traversed. Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 23 Merriam in his remarks on the species when he described it, 1 the fact that idahoensis runs differently from the other rabbits. i paint was well borne out by my observations. The pygmy runs more 7 in a scurrying manner like a ground squirrel, keeping close to the ground aged leaping as Sylvilagus is wont to do. When moving at their e these animals would progress in short hops but when speed was their desire they scuttled low to earth. The statement however, made in the a paper, that idahoensis is almost exclusively nocturnal, was not sub- tiated, as far as I could note, nor did I get the impression that this bit was in the habit of using badger holes for their homes to an extent iat would make them difficult to find in the day time. I could be as rea- sonably certain of seeing Brachylagus in the day time as I could be of finding ES - Sylvilagus, and the same feeding habits and hours seem to apply to the one as to the other. As an instance of their being abroad in the day time, Se feeding, several were shot in fairly open spots where the nature of the sur- _ roundings made their dwelling in old badger holes a necessity; and each time the animal was seen at the entrance to the burrow, but far enough outside to show that he had just run up to the burrow from his feeding quarters, on the approach of danger. Where their favorite conditions prevail, none were seen at burrows, and I think that here the thick brush affords ample protection and the surface form answers all the requirements f 9 a home, at least during the summer. In such a spot, rabbits when seen were always started from under the brush and rarely did I drive one to a _ burrow, as the animal would double and turn and seek to hide in the brush, a proceeding he would not be apt to resort to if he had a burrow near by in which he was accustomed to seek refuge. But, when he lacked the cover hide in, as did a few which were seen in more open localities, his one idea was to escape down the first old badger hole he could find, precisely what ‘one would expect Sylvilagus to do under the same circumstances. Once _or twice, the rabbits of a Chrysothamnus patch, three or four in number, were found at the very outskirts of the cover and made for the deeper brush when I alarmed them. This was in the late forenoon and it would ‘appear that the animals were feeding and had not yet retired to the denser eover for the mid-day. Young cotton-tails and black-tail rabbits were often seen in the same thick cover with Brachylagus, but so distinctive was the pygmy that, if one good glimpse was obtained, no doubt as to identity could exist. B. idahoen- ‘8i8 appears in life to be quite bluish-gray or rufous brown, accordingly as the animal has changed its pelage, and its apparent lack of a tail sets it apart from the young S. nuttalli with his twinkling tuft of cotton. Young of idahoensis were seen fairly often, and nearly full-grown speci- 24 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, mens were secured. Most of those noted ranged from two thirds grown to the mature of the year. One was seen however about the size of a man’s fist August 21 but was lost in thick brush before it could be secured. At no time was B. idahoensis heard to utter a sound. 27. Felis ruffa Giildenstedt, subsp.? Bos-cat. Wild cats are not uncommon in the rocky breaks about Ironside. One quite frequently hears of their being killed there, : 28. Canis lestes Merriam. Coyote. Coyotes are very abundant in Malheur County. In favored localities they could be seen almost daily but were extremely wild and suspicious. Their chosen hunting grounds were the wide meadows and hayfields, where one could see them catching mice and grasshoppers. The one specimen secured was shot at daybreak, near a haystack, where in company with another of his kind he had been digging in the moist earth, presumably for Microtus. Coyotes catch a great many of the chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, and sheep of the ranchers and are shot whenever opportunity offers. 29. Vulpes macrourus Baird. LONG-TAILED Fox. Foxes occur in this region, but none were noted. 30. Ursus altifrontalis Filiot. AMERICAN BLACK BEar. A bear was seen at the base of Ironside Mountain during my stay at Ironside. 31. Taxidea americana neglecta Mearns. CALIFORNIA BADGER. Badgers are very common in Malheur County and their burrows are to be seen everywhere. One was seen at the mouth of a freshly dug burrow, ee — BS Anthony, Mammals of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 25 | 32. Mephitis ‘jishlenielia major (Howell). Great Bastin SKUNK. nk was seen on two different occasions in a meadow along Willow 33. Spilogale phenax latifrons Merriam. BROAD-HEADED SporreD SKUNK; “ POLE-caAT.” 34. Lutreola vision energumenus (Bangs). NorTHWESTERN Minx. . “Mink are not infrequently seen along Willow Creek. I saw one in a yeaver pond, August 20, seemingly in pursuit of a muskrat. My notes his method follow: “The dam made a large, still pool grown up about most of the margin willows. Large clumps of dead willows were in the pond and low rank iss on the side I approached. Heard something drop off into the water n I came up, and marked the animal’s progress through the shallow, ss encumbered water by the movement of the grass tops. Presently m my right (the first animal had made off to the left), about two minutes sr, a slight noise disclosed the approach of something. It came following : low, grass overhung bank to within six or eight feet of me, the vegetation hiding it. Then the animal came ashore and darted yet closer through the - grass, the movement of the tops showed quick, hurried motion below. Back then, the way it had come, and the hasty glimpse I secured showed a fine emink. All of his movements seemed so quick and businesslike I think must have been trailing some animal, probably a muskrat, for their Tows and runways were quite plentiful in this vicinity.” Beyond a doubt, the first animal I heard, was the muskrat, which would have been caught had I not taken his place; for the mink came 26 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. {Vol. XXXII, straight to where I stood, in his blood-thirsty quest. Although I waited some minutes for a shot, expecting him to appear farther down the bank, I never saw him again. 35. Mustela arizonensis (Mearns). Arizona WEASEL; Mountatn WEASEL. Two fine weasels were secured during my stay at Ironside. One was shot while watching a haying crew from between the rails of a fence, and the other was secured out among the sage-brush. Still another was shot at the mouth of a ground squirrel’s burrow, but fell back into the hole and escaped. 36. Sorex vagrans vagrans Baird. WANDERING SHREW. The shrews collected about Ironside are vagrans approaching 0. dobsont. A strong resemblance to ragrans is found in cranial characters, in the size of the teeth, width of the palate, and in pigmentation; while a tendency towards v. dobsoni is indicated by the size of the third upper unicuspid. In external measurements, the series is nearest dobsoni. Shrews were taken in traps set in Microtus runways in the high grass and rank vegetation along Willow Creek. They seemed to be not uncommon and were taken on baits of rolled oats as well as by meat bait. But few were taken in the day time, the greater number being caught at night. Needless to say, shrews were not taken away from the moist creek bottom. Where Sorex was taken, the creek runs through the sage-brush country, upper Sonoran stretches where one could hardly expect this higher zone shrew. However, Willow Creek brings down into this district a good many of the mountain species, as its banks are lined with thick willow groves and smaller trees (alders, beeches, etc.), thus forming practically a con- tinuous strip of high Transition zone but a few yards wide, from the tim- bered mountain slopes well out into upper Sonoran regions. 37. Myotis lucifugus longicrus (7 rue). TrueE’s Bart. At Ironside but few bats were noted. On several occasions one or two were seen at dusk along the creek and in the orchard. One specimen was secured. als of Northern Malheur Co., Oregon. 27 at ‘ Brown Bat. or twice at dusk lying about in orchards or along Willow or Be cma tay es ‘also rendered through the U. S. Biological Survey by Mr. w who loaned specimens of forms not well represented in the n ine ad A. ieee anid br Mr. E. W. Nelson who ‘my winter specimens of Brachylague idahoensis with the series (1 ‘d 908) 90URySIP-prlul OY} UI Yoo MOTT “4 OF) An yy IN . PSU] juaseid oy} JO SIsBq OY} UOJ Tory popOo][OO B1OM STBUILUBUT Oty juiod WoIyM Ivou puv ye ‘mnoFaI¢) * ‘| 44V%d “IIXXX “TOA » ‘* Bouietin A. M. NSH. Vou. XXXII, Prare I. - FAVORITE HAUNT OF Brachylagus idahoensis IN FOREGROUND. x” ie Brachylagus idahoensis. 59.7,35 le II.— NOTES ON THE EMBRYOS OF SEVERAL ‘SPECIES F RAYS, WITH REMARKS ON THE NORTHWARD SUMMER RATION OF CERTAIN TROPICAL FORMS OBSERVED | ON THE COAST OF NORTH CAROLINA.' By Russet J. Coes. -Puate III. ES tis femme, collected for the American M a of Natural History at Cape Lookout, North Carolina, in the sumr nmer of 1912. I also comment briefly on the embryos of two other specie ee ee Cas & Se ee eae and discuss the north- ‘ | obtaining them, although the mother fish were in several species rl; y common. In the summer of 1912, after having examined a number e seine. In these ala whieh I several times observed from a boat, » ray would lift the lead line of the seine. This would account for the ther small catch of fish in a seine entangling a large ray. The young, if pable of swimming, probably also escape in the same way. To counteract this, I at first used a second seine immediately back of the first, with the _ idea of catching any fish and young that escaped from the first; but the results were not satisfactory and at best would have been incomplete, since xt uded eggs, and embryos incapable of swimming, would sink to the m and be lost. I then devised a different method of saving the young Dita fost: As the seine containing a ray was being drawn into »w water, I would jump in, and striking the ray with a knife in the on back of the head, so as to stun it, would hold on to the handle of knife with one hand and close the vent with the other. I would then 41 am indebted to Dr. L. Hussakof, of the American Museum séMetaret History. 1 a ce in the preparation of this paper. 30 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, drag the specimen to shore or be dragged in with it in the seine. On releas- ing the vent, the young would emerge on the sand. By this method, I collected the embryos of Aetobatus narinari and Rhinoptera bonasus de- scribed in this paper. The method is sometimes dangerous, especially with very large rays. For instance, in the case of an Aetobatus narinari 7 feet, Fig. 1.— Aectobatus narinari (Euphrasen); female. 7 ft. 7 in. in diameter. 7 inches in diameter, the seine broke and the ray almost pulled me under as I was struggling with her in deeper water. This ray (Fig. 1) emitted a loud, harsh sound while struggling in the water. She was finally dragged to the beach, but on examination appeared to have expelled her embryos. Embryo of Aetobatus narinari.— Of this species I captured five females and three males. Only one, a7 ft. 2 in. ray, contained embryos; another (the 7 ft. 7 in. ray referred to above) had apparently expelled her embryos before she was brought to shore. Embryos of this species are very rare. I am informed by Dr. E. W. Gudger, who is preparing an extended paper on the natural history of this ray, that the only reference to an embryo is by Klunzinger,' who mentions the fact that “the foetus of Actobatus nari- nari {taken in the Red Sea] is 12 em. wide.” In 1910, I recorded having seen a ray of this species giving birth to four young.” The embryo here described was obtained from the specimen 7 feet, 2 inches in diameter referred to above. The ray was seized after the seine had been dragged into shallow water and the vent was closed; it was wounded to lessen its resistance, and the writer and the fish were dragged together in the seine to the beach. This ray gave birth to four young at 1 Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. Verhand. K. K. Zool. Botan. Gesell. Wien, XXI, p. 686. ? Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXVIII, p. 340. ee i SS — es eS 6 1913.) Coles, Notes on Rays observed on the Coast of North Carolina. 3l intervals of a few seconds between the birth of each. They were alive, each rolled up lengthwise; they quickly unfolded, but died in a few minutes. Judging from their immature condition, they would have reached somewhat larger size before birth. The ray and the four embryos are illustrated in Plate III. It will be noted from the figures that this specimen shows a Fig. 2— Embryo of Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen). <x 3. One of four embryos obtained alive from the ray shown in Plate III. Amer. Mus., No. 3725. remarkable type of coloration, inasmuch as the spots, which are usually solid white, are partly in the form of white rings with a dark center. This condition was also noticed in the ray shown in Fig. 1, but never in the many others that I have seen. 4 One of the four embryos (Fig. 2, Amer. Mus. No. 3725) was carefully measured, and its principal dimensions were as follows: ! Mm. Width across the disc 286 Tip of snout to origin of caudal 171 Length of caudal 634 Head (tip of snout to posterior edge of spiracle) 60 Diameter of eye 64 Spiracle, long diameter 23 Claspers 6 Length of free portion of spine 10 ‘The measurements of the embryos, as well as of the uteri discussed in this paper, were carefully made from the specimens in the American Museum, by Dr. L. Hussakof 32 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, The yolk stalk, except for about 3 mm., was entirely absorbed. The spine was still flexible and enveloped in membrane; the edges were quite sharp, although not serrated. A comparison of the embryo with the adult of the same species shows that it differs chiefly in the following points: The snout is relatively shorter, and the eye and spiracle relatively larger. The spots on the head are much fewer, there being only a few vague white spots anterior to a line across the posterior extremities of the spiracles, whereas in the adult the top of the head, as far as a line through the eyes, is spotted like the rest of the body. The uterus of this specimen (Amer. Mus. No. 3726) was examined. One side was much larger than the other and was covered on the inside surface with large villi, about 25 mm. long. The larger side was approxi- mately 133 cm. in diameter and 24 cm. in length. The smaller was only 6 cm. in diameter and 15 em. in length. Embryo of Rhinoptera bonasus.— This species I have never seen leaping high out of the water as the other rays with which I am familiar, that have sharp pointed pectorals, do. It swims much more slowly and does not lift the points of its pectorals nearly so high in taking the swimming stroke as do the others. With this species I do not consider the use of the method of closing the vent so important as with some other species. In 1909, I harpooned and landed a large specimen, and after its death on the beach, found, on turning it over, six small embryos whose birth had been prematurely forced. : This summer I captured eleven specimens by the method described above, but only one of them contained embryos. On releasing the vent of the ray on the beach, two embryos emerged, rolled up together in reverse positions, 7. ¢., the head of one and the tail of the other rolled together. In the same way two other pairs were born, or a total of six embryos. The embryo in the American Museum (Amer. Mus. No. 3728), a male, has the following measurements: Mm. Width across disc 203 Tip of snout to origin of caudal 124 Length of caudal ,; 335 Head (tip of snout to posterior edge of spiracle) 45 Claspers 4 Yolk stalk remnant 6 The upper surface of the embryo is a uniform light brown, somewhat darker on top of the head. The under side is pale gray, but the tips of the dise are more or less dusky; the tail is black. One spine is present, which is still flexible and covered with membrane; its edges are not serrated. 3.) Coles, Noles on Rays observed on the Coast of North Carolina. 33 e uterus ¢ a ray (Amer. Mus. No. 3729) was approximately 10 cm. ce, in diazneter, and was provided with the typical villi which 8 ge aaa The villi were densely distributed, and covered ire inner surface. They varied in length from about 15 to 25 mm. es er ero ein formalin, e a deep ted extract. The same was true after it was rinsed in water, -reachi g the museum, and was placed in alcohol. a : on embryos of other species of rays— Females of Mobula olfersi yos are very rare in the region of Cape Lookout. Out of a total ing accurate data. hav TG chased hischatus lontiginodus éxpelling early eggs while us being captured. — ff Narcine brasiliensis, I was fortunate in securing, during 1912, three mens with early embryos. The uteri of these are preserved in the ican Museum (Amer. Mus. 3721). There were fifteen embryos in o uteri of the best preserved specimen examined at the Museum. and Weed,' in a note on the embryos of this species, record finding e a embryos in one specimen. or Tue NortHwarp SuMMER MIGRATION OF CERTAIN TROPICAL Rays ON THE ATLANTIC Coast. Since 1909, I have recorded the dates of capture of various species of _ fish which I have taken in the bight of Cape Lookout, N. C. From these _ it seems that certain species appear annually in this locality on approximately » same dates; that during this period they are fairly common, but that other times of the year they are never seen. The observations indicate _ that these species, which are mostly tropical ones occurring on the coasts of Brazil and the West Indies, migrate northward during the summer months. _ My notes are especially complete in regard to two species of rays: Narcine riliensis and Mobula olfersi. I will first discuss the electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis. In 1909 I began ‘to use nets and seines (prior to that I had used only rod and reel) and to _keep records of the species taken each summer. In 1910 rT noted with t Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XL, pp. 231-232. 34 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXX, interest that the first and last specimens of Narcine brasiliensis were taken on exactly the same dates as the year before. This appeared a peculiar coincidence; but when the same thing occurred again in 1911, I believed that it was not merely a coincidence, but that this sub-tropical ray migrates northward during the summer, reaching Cape Lookout about the same date every year. I have closely questioned the fishermen along the coast of North Carolina and find that none have seen Narcine brasiliensis north of Cape Lookout, and none have ever seen it in that locality at any other time but approximately the dates given in the table below. This table shows dates of capture of specimens which I have taken, and does not include numbers taken by native fishermen during the same period. Dates of Capture of Narcine brasiliensis at Cape Lookout, N. C. ‘Total number First specimen ‘Last specimen Year caught caught caught 1909 2 June 29 | July 4 1910 11 | an ee ee 1911 4 eee ae 1912 16 ae 7 A an In 1912 I captured my first two Narcine brasiliensis on June 27, but the first specimen caught in the bight of Cape Lookout, a large female, was taken on the morning of June 29. Thereafter I caught from one to five Narcine each day up to the night of July 4, and although nets were hauled many times during the day and night of July 5, no others were secured. I continued to haul seines both north and south of the bight, and early on the night of July 8, I caught one Narcine brasiliensis three miles southwest from the bight.’ The conclusion from these facts is that Narcine brasiliensis migrates northward each summer as far as Cape Lookout, arriving there toward the end of June, and that this is the farthest northern point of its migra- tion. From the early stage of the embryos taken in specimens of this species, it appears probable that this species returns to southern waters before giving birth to its young. Mobula olfersi also appears t to >have a northw ard s summer migration. In 1 Two specimens, caught two miles southwest of the bight of Cape Lookout. 2 One specimen, caught three miles southwest of the bight; all others caught in the bight. * So confident had I become of the date of appearance of this species that, at my suggestion, Dr. Maud L. Menten of Western Reserve University, who was engaged in studying the electric apparatus of this ray, arrived a day or two before my first capture of this species, which occurred promptly on the date anticipated. The results of this study will shortly be published by Dr. Menten. or Beas eves ms Cot f Nth Corton 35 fr. iene xd that the dates of its arrival and disappearance coincided at ss iasene of Makels olfersi at Cape Lookout, N.C. | Total number | First specimen | Last specimen _ caught caught caught $°> | klyt "| “Joyo 14 | td 620 rt. gS “ 71 “ce 29 I received word that they had been seen on July 15 at > eico thine peaanbaag end agmngliee * a aay, * - a ee ‘ 3! re “7 ee ebay n’ss is Pg Per 7 4 ty 1 * 4 , * z ‘ ’ E A =" ae “a ‘ ees : eae Se ‘ , " t i eee Ay ae * rr eR gud wee Lies A at A : t . ‘ ey foe ay 1 : : i wa ~* a Far: = f6 Peaks 4 3 : ’ . ® - % & Pye is ee > ayo ti SSO Sas ger bial iby hes = er hey aero ae eS Pen ad 6 Pe § qs ‘ - 4 P tthe me < 1 \ - » f swe ae ktm a : Paar, OTE hae Se, ES anes ~ | ‘ ita mays s ae i : Pers Pe Ne 7 eet ao * Dan a. ees ‘alien ae ;. tees iG a 2H wine 4 re Aas of Hie Sey Tee rh er aie Mek oT ee i soil so ear" chen ie f - 5 " 4 igcinks Riceelesient serie ees bate t ‘ ras ee PN chapel ee yest ta: * < eT E oapeay te gins * isk Wee SE et Bets: * e ee 4 * > = np tony Re Mae. Beal “ % $¢ Bouretrn A. M. N. H. Vou XXXII, Prare Il. bo ABTOBATUS NARINARI AND EMBRYOS. a Actobatus narinari (Euphrasen); female, 7 ft. 2 in. in diameter, and the four a embryos to which she gave birth at intervals of a few seconds, on the beach. Cape Lookout, N. Carolina. Fig. 1.— Seen from the side. Fig. 2.— From in front. Fig. 3. From below. Note the unusual coloration consisting of ocelli instead of white spots, shown in figure 1. 59.57,7 (75.9) Article III.— INSECTS OF FLORIDA. I. DIPTERA. By CuHarLes W. JoHNSON. 4 ot Ke Pie 1895 the writer prepared a list of the Diptera of Florida,! based chiefly =! on material collected while living in St. Augustine, 1880-88, a collecting trip in March, 1891, and again in 1894, a collection made by Mrs. Annie F Z 2 ‘Trumbull Slosson, the collection of Mr. Charles Robertson, and the collec- ee tion of the U. S. National Museum. The list contained about 450 deter- Since that time Mrs. Slosson has continued collecting during her winter tis: thus securing a number of new and interesting species, many of which ____were determined by the late D. W. Coquillett. The American Museum of Natural History has sent several expeditions to the State and much valuable material was obtained by Dr. Frank E. Lutz and Mr. John A. Grossbeck. ge Mr. Millard C. Van Duzee in the Spring of 1908 added many interesting _ species and data. To Messrs. Wm. T. Davis, C. H. T. Townsend, J. Chester Bradley, C. P. Whitney and Philip Laurent I am also indebted for a num- ner of additional species and data. In this list I have tried to give sufficient synonymy ‘a notes so that where I have corrected the previous list the names of the two can always _ be correlated notwithstanding the great changes that have taken place in the nomenclature. To keep abreast of the changes which are constantly being made, I have been obliged to discard many of the genera used in Aldrich’s catalogue. While I do not favor radical changes in a faunal list, it does not seem desirable to longer perpetuate names that we know will have to be changed, and the sooner these older names are adopted, the better it will be for dipterology. There are also many other names (barring those in Meigen’s first paper), that probably should have been changed, viz. Rhagio for Leptis, Anthrax for Spogostylum, Villa for Anthrax of authors, Ficherax for Eraz, etc., but many of these changes are too radical for a paper of this kind, and further discussion seems necessary before they are finally adopted. The author has endeavored wherever possible, to verify doubtful deter- | minations and records, but in some families it has been impossible to do so, owing to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient material. The present list contains 845 species. As many of the species in the 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. ‘Bel, Philadelphia, 1895, pp. 303-340. 37 38 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, previous list were determined only generically it represents about double the number of named species. It may be of interest here to make some com- parisons as to the relative abundance of species in a given area and also an approximate idea as to their geographical distribution according to life zones. Considering the area of Florida (58,680 sq. m.), compared with that of New Jersey (7,576 sq. m.) where the insect fauna has been carefully studied, and where over 1600 species of Diptera ' have been recorded, the 840 species of Florida seem somewhat meager. The natural inference would be that there has been less collecting in Florida, and while this is true to some extent, there has been, nevertheless a great deal of very careful collecting done there. We must therefore consider what other reasons there may be for this great discrepancy in the relative number of species. It is well known that the species of certain families, while predominating in more northern latitudes, become less plentiful as we approach the tropics. This is true of the families Tipulide, Mycetophilidee, Cecidomyide, Empi- dide, Anthomyide, Scatophagide, Sciomyzide, etc., while other families, including the Culicid, Strationyide, Tabanide, Bombilide, Asilidee, Orta- lide, etc., are about equally abundant in the warmer, and in the more tem- perate regions. Other families like the Syrphidze and Tachinide that are conspicuous and abundant in both regions are, however, more numerous in the upper austral and transition zones. Species of the family Nemestrinide have not been recorded in the Atlantic coast States outside of Florida, while five families, represented by numerous species in the more northern States, have not as yet been found in Florida. The following table comparing the number of species known at present in a given family in the two States, shows the above facts more clearly :-— Florida New Jersey Tiptide ss HAS, SI SOU 6.0.5 are one 135 DRI sii cious Co ees ee tee th POPC LEST ee” 2 pa, NON Nea RB arepareinpay 7? Be ons hells 5s cena 5 an 6 Chironomide........ 22.24... GE eis w tnt hvac) gk a 83 Sess sowed w a cee ont SEs crepe skn sec a 40 CUED socks pe cucamcys Meese AES o.oo 5 Mycetophilade................ Se sels. oy i 53 a ee ‘er ee ee 105 NEI RS Coa ree Bea Fein bhi 0:0 ace sin c.0 pa 14 ae ano awe vpareas 1... binge «sapsues oe eee 5 WIE snes nck bc ccna Wakes Lo. ops =a hae 3 Btratiomiyide@. -... see cece OTs. ole che ede 5 oC 30 t Insects of New Jersey, By John B. Smith, Annual Report New Jersey State Museum, 1909 (1910), pp. 703-814. ee ae Johnson, Insects of Florida. 39 _ Florida New Jersey ea a ak a SEM ee 75 See eon eGuide ehie ENG pace chk dakb diescloaucnss 21 Doe ORS Sate adie RCS es dceieetle td dcde desadee e's we eeeeereereereer ee eeee ish Mi ick Sei onwe. BERS SES a ! EE Se ae ee, Spee AE ee SES): IT ee eee ae ee 4G eee eee ee es ete ook ee Awe eee eee eee eee ee ey ed ee ee) & ee eRe RWS aie a abe te Wagle CEOS wig iw 5s Seta ales cach way ae ate Saitt GMs vids Kano b Uaberaleiduasirote 19 ee EL eae aaah he ans otc iota te 7 ESE EE eh NE ena Damm NGS eat, Vac sg PRC ois core hts ae tw a vuake > Went ee e e eee re ee . Vaseresroeresseccees eee ee Me eec teeter A a yc vscd ee esti kes crees Bees eee cere reeieeeeee eS a ee es oe SY, Selle Nard Medi aie Re tad etal 5 4 29 Divo dectopiasbacaven ste eee eee eee Soa TAT ec Oh <tr AM ERS) GARG abe Lee aha . ee ee ee ee | ee ee Pec ec ese eeseesessecsvcese ) EES i eae Se ee ee ed edd) cinicdh og... ote Vp tnt ss Suge ti | BRU iter nye nage tana ae MR Nite wn ARs dbaalas\+ cobs ss s+e.s0s. __ Hippoboscide, cs chk b¥,diaw,s ESOS SOE ee eee eee Considering again the distribution of species by life zones, we find that greater portion of Florida is included in what is known as the “Gulf See te Leveee. Aupteal,” only that portion of the State south of Lake e and along the Indian River being considered “Tropical.” The SD iaiteda.chdev, sandy eoll covered with either a growth of pine or scrub ateaBSbSe-waenBSERw Ro SBR 40 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, oak, does not offer the most favorable conditions for a rich and varied insect fauna. On the other hand the number of species found in the “ hammocks” (lower woodlands) and swamps, with their varied flora, counterbalance to a great extent the smaller number found in the drier sections. This great sandy area and immediate coast line, forming a part of the coastal plain and presenting similar conditions, account for the great number of species of the lower austral that are also found in the upper austral and even in the transition zones. On the other hand the tropical forms are derived chiefly from the neigh- boring islands, where species are probably much less numerous than in the tropical regions of northern South America. Southern Florida has only a narrow coastal strip presenting similar conditions to those of the West Indies, and as this area is rapidly losing many of its natural features, its tropical fauna is probably decreasing rather than increasing. The following table based on about 800 species, shows their approximate — distribution by life zones:— Recorded only from Florida.................cccceeescecees 120 Extending only into the Lower Austral..................... 95 Extending into the Upper Austral.................0.200.00: 285 Extending into'the Transition ............6.isccecceccccnvess 160 Tropical (West Indies and South America)................. 125 Mexican and Southern California species................... 25 In preparing the following list I am under great obligations to Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson and Mr. Wm. T. Davis for their generous aid in furnishing data and material; to the American Museum of Natural History for the loan. of material; to Mr. Frederick Knab of the National Museum who revised the list of Culicids and aided further by the loan of specimens for study; to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for assistance on the Ephydride and Pipunculide; to Professors J. M. Aldrich and J. S. Hine and to Dr. E. P. Felt who have also aided in the work. Where not otherwise noted the specimens are in the American Museum. List oF SPECIEs. TIPUL. Geranomyia canadensis Westw. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); ‘Volusia, May 16.(C. W. J.). Geranomyia distincta Doane. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson).. Geranomyia rostrata Say. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ee 4913.) Jolintin; Incects of Florids. 41 Geranomyia virescens Loew, Miami (F. Knab). Rhipidia domestica 0.8. Jacksonville, Apr. 1; Ormond and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Drayton Isl., May 10 (C. W. J.). Purcomyia distans 0. S. (Dicranomyia distans O. S.). Biscayne _ Bay, and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). _ Purcomyia floridana 0.8. (Dicranomyia floridana O.S.). “ Florida, spring of 1858 ”’ (Osten Sacken); Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). _ Furcomyia moriodes 0. S.? Titusville, Nov. 8. Furcomyia pubipennis 0. 8. Sanford, May 7 (Van Duzee). Limnobia immatura (0. S. River Junction, Feb., in a spider web nw. d.). Toxorhina magna Q.S. Crescent City, Apr. 21 (Van Duzee). Rhamphidia flavipes Macg. St. Augustine, Mar. 14 (C. W. J.). Atarba picticornis 0. 8. Jacksonville, Nov. 3. _Erioptera caloptera Say. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Erioptera parva 0. S. Biscayne Bay, Lake Worth, and Bellaire (Mrs. Slosson). Goniomyia sulphurella 0. S. “ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Trimicra anomala 0. S. Enterprise, Apr. 12 (Laurent). Gonophomyia luctuosa 0.8. Jacksonville, May 22 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Limnophila adusta0.S. “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Limnophila luteipennis 0. S. St. Augustine Mar. 14 (C. W. J.); Apr. 20 (Van Duzee). Limnophila macrocera Say. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. iin), Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabr. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Maekistocera longipennis Macg. Lake Okeechobee (Mus. Comp. Zobl.). Brachypremna dispellans Wall. Jacksonville, May 22 and Tick Island, May 12 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay and Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slos- son). Pachyrhina ferruginea Fabr. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Pachyrhina macrocera Say. “ West Florida” (Macquart). Pachyrhina suturalis Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 14, and Volusia, May 16 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Pachyrhina virescens Loew. Jacksonville, May 22 (C. W. J.). An imperfect specimen of this species was referred in error to P. nobilis in my previous list. Pachyrhina gracilicornis Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). 42 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Pachyrhina pruinosa sp. n. Male: Vertex and rostrum dark yellow, shining, around the base of the antennz and along the orbits light yellow; palpi brownish with black hairs, antenn# yellow, flagellum dark brown. Thorax red, shining, translucent, with five light, pollinose stripes, the middle one narrowly attenuated posteriorly, and ending with the two adjoining stripes at the transverse suture; pleura entirely light pollinose; suture and disc of the scutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark yellow, shining, with a very narrow brown band on the posterior margin of the segments; venter and ovi- positor dark brown, the upper valves of the ovipositor much longer than the lower. Legs dark yellow, tips of the femora and tibiw, and the greater portion of the tarsi, dark brownish black. Halteres yellow, margins of the knobs infuscate. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, costal and subcostal cells and the stigma yellow. Length 18 mm. One specimen, Jacksonville (Mrs. A. T. Slosson). Readily separated from the other species by the pollinose stripes and dark colored wing veins. Tipula costalis Say. Biscayne Bay and Charlotte Harbor, Jan. (Mrs. Slosson). Tipula cunctans Say. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Tipula eluta Loew. ‘“‘ Florida’’ (Mrs. Slosson). Tipula fraterna Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Tipula perlongipes Johnson. T. filipes Walk., I, 65, 1848, not Fabr. 1805. T. perlongipes Johns., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 34, p. 131, 1909. St. Johns Bluff (Walker); Jacksonville, May 22, and Tick Isl., May 12 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Tipula subeluta sp. n. Male: Vertex brown; rostrum yellow, sides brown, palpi and antennz yellow, base of the joints of flagellum black. Thorax yellowish, with five brown lines extend- ing to the suture, the two subdorsal lines obsolete except near the anterior margin; a dark brown stripe extends obliquely from the humeri to the base of the middle coxe, the remainder of the pleura and the matanotum light yellow. Abdomen dark yellow, each segment with a whitish, pruinose posterior border which is very narrowly margined on the basal side with brown. Legs yellow, tips of the femora, tibia, and tarsi brown. Halteres brown. Wings brownish, costal and subcostal cells, fifth longitudinal with its margins, the stigma, and the base of the first submarginal cell, dark brown, a whitish, subhyaline spot extending from the basal side of the stigma to the base of the discal cell, petiole of the second posterior cell about one fourth the length of the discal cell, the latter subovate inform. Length 13 mm. Three specimens, Everglade, Apr. 7, 1912 (J. A. Grossbeck). Holotype and one paratype in the American Museum of Natural History, the second paratype in the author’s collection. a —-1913.] Johnson, Insects of Florida. 43 . The species resembles 7. eluta Loew, but the pleural stripe, broader _-wings, in which the subhyaline stripe is wanting in the first posterior cell, and the subovate form of the discal cell readily distinguish the species. PSYCHODID. wae é Psychoda floridica Haseman. Lake City, Feb. (Haseman).' Ae -Psychoda longifringa Haseman. Lake City, Feb. (Haseman). Psychoda annulipes sp. n. Male and female: Body black, with grayish black hair which is long and black ie bass of the wings; antenne of the male black with long dense black hairs, giving them a wide appearance. Wings grayish with numerous small tufts of erect a _ black hairs along the veins on the center of the wing and at the tips of all the veins; two more conspicuous tufts near the costa and one on the posterior margin near the pate middle of the wing; the tufts are more prominent in the female than in the male, _ the fringe alternated with tufts of black and white. Femora yellowish tipped with fate black; tibia black with two white bands, basal balf of the other tarsal joints white. Length, male 1 mm., wing 2? mm.; female 1.5 mm., wing 2.5 mm. _ Two specimens, Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Holotype in the author’s collection; allotype in Mrs. Slosson’s collection. : This species is readily distinguished by its conspicuously annulated tibie and tarsi, and alternating fringe. Psychoda squamosa sp. n. _ Body black, with grayish hairs; the posterior half of the abdomen with whitish tomentum. Antennae yellowish, hairs black. Wings grayish and quite thickly covered with blackish scales, fringe grayish black. Legs black, posterior femora brownish, front tibiae ciliated with thickened hairs; middle tibie with a tuft of thick- ened hairs at the apex, metatarsi ciliated; posterior tibie thickly covered with long hairs on the inner side; all the tarsi with a wide silvery band occupying the middle third. Length 1.5 mm., wing 2 min. One specimen, “ Fiorida,”’ (Mrs. Slosson). Type in the author’s collection. An interesting species, differing from any known to me in having the profusion of scales on the wings, also the ciliated tibia. The wing venation however, is that of the genus Psychoda. _ tSee “An Aquatic Psychodid from Florida,"’ Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XX XIII. 324, 44 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, CHIRONOMID. Ceratopogon eriophorus Jil]. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ceratopogon fusculus (og. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Punta Gorda,. Nov. 11. Ceratopogon genualis Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Ceratopogon pergandei Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ceratopogon maculipennis Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Ceratopogon cinctipes Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ceratopogon fusicornis (og. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Culicoides ancorus Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Culicoides cinctus Cog. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); St. Augustine. This is popularly known as the “sand fly ” and is often very annoying in the mornings and early evenings especially when there is no breeze. Culicoides griseus Cog. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slos- . son). Culicoides melleus Cog. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Culicoides mutabilis Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Bezzia glaber Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Johannseniella albaria Cog. (Ceratopogon albiaria.) Drayton Is- land, Lake George, May 9. Johannseniella argentata Loew. (Ceratopogon argentata.) Welaka, May 9. Johannseniella gilva Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Palpomyia nubifer Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Palpomyia subasper Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Palpomyia trivialis Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, May 7 (Davis). Heteromyia prattii Cog. Jacksonville, April (Mrs. Slosson). Chironomus anonymus Jill. Biscayne Bay. Flying by thousands to the light in March, in hammock land. Chironomus connexus Kieffer. (C. confinus Walk., 1848, non Meig., 1830). Miami, Feb. (Mrs. Slosson) Coquillett. Chironomus cristatus Fabr. Jacksonville, Biscayne Bay, and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Chironomus modestus Say. Charlotte Harbor and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Chironomus niveipennis Fabr. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Chironomus plumosus Linné. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ee ban Johnson, Insects of Florida. momus redeuns Wall. “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). mnomus riparius Macg. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). nomus viridis Macg. Charlotte Harbor. (Mrs. Slosson). pus monilis Linné. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). choreus Meig. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). thes baltimoreus Macg. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ithes stellatus (og. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). as concinnus Cog. (Tanypus concinnus.) Tick Island, scapularis Loew. Tick Island, May 12th (C. W. J.); Nov. 16. oclad as thoracicus Loew. Tick Island, May 12th (C. W. J.); yne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). dius tricolor Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). CULICID. nop. quadrimaculatus Say. Tick Island, May 12 (C. W. J.); er’s ‘Camp and Sugarloaf Beach, Lake Okeechobee (J. H. Egbert). sin error referred to A. crucians Wied in my previous list. ! -¢crucians Wied. agora s Camp, Lake Okeechobee , jell) ; iictiad Bay (Mrs. ast albimanus Wied. Key West (Dr. C. H. Gardner). -Megarhinus rutilus Cog. Geogiana (Whitfeld). Beis citsens Fabr. (Culex ciliatus.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, April (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 11; Grasmere, May 27 (C. E. Brooker); Ormond, Tampa, Kissimmee, Arcadia, April (Dyer and Caudell); Key West, Aug. (A. Busck); Ft. Myers, Mar. 31 _ (Davis). « Janthinosome pygme@a Theob. (Culex nanus Coq.) Key West, Aug. (Busck); April 1-3 (Schwarz). _ Janthinosoma sayi Dyarand Knab. (C. musica Say. ) West Tampa, March 18 (Dyar); Jacksonville, (Mrs. Slosson). _ Janthinosoma floridense Dyar and Knab. (A. jamaicensis of eathors, not Theobald.) Tampa, Sanford, Kissimmee, Acadia, Bartow, Pakatee and Alligator Creek (Dyar and Caudell). Long Boat Key, Sara- Aug. 14 (J. C. Bradley). 46 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Stegomyia calopus Meig. (Culex fasciatus.) Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson), St. Petersburg, Aug. 12 (J. C. Bradley); Miami, Mar. 9, and Key West, Mar. 10 (Dyar and Caudell); Punta Gorda, Mar. 19, and _ Bartow, Mar. 30 (Caudell); Barrancas, June 28 (G. H. Gale). Aedes niger Giles. (A. teniorhynchus of authors, not Wied.) Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Sarasota, Aug. 14 (J. C. Bradley); Miami, Mar. 12 (Dyar); Estero, May 7 (Van Duzee); Knights Key, Dec. 2 (W. H. Sligh); Key West, June 27 (C. N. Barney). Aedes atlanticus Dyar and Knab. Sanford, Mar. 17 (Dyar and Caudell). Aedes canadensis 7heob. Jacksonville, Mar. 2, Magnolia Springs,. Mar. 3, Green Cove Springs, Mar., and Orange City Junction, Mar. 2 (Dyar and Caudell). . Aedes infirmatus Dyar and Knab. Tampa (Dyar). Aedes mitchelle Dyar. Jacksonville, Green Cove Springs, Magnolia, Kissimmee, and Pokatee (Dyar). Aedes sylvestris Zheob. Miami, Mar. 12 (Dyar). Aedes tormentor Dyar and Knab. Jacksonville (H. Byrd). Aedes triseriatus Say. Ormond, Mar. 16, and New Smyrna, Mar. 21 (Dyar and Caudell). Culiseta inornatus Will. Jacksonville, Mar. 4 (Dyar); June 20 (Byrd). Culex quinquifasciatus Say. (C. cubensis Bigot.) Orlando, Noy. 25 (E. A. Back); Key West, June 7 (Schwarz); Jacksonville, June 20 (Byrd); New Smyrna and Tampa (Dyar and Caudell); Magnolia Springs, Apr. 2 (F. J. Mattheson); Hastings, July 19. Culex salinarius Cog. Jacksonville, Mar. 4 (Dyar); Green Cove Springs and Pokatee, Mar. 19 (Caudell). Culex corniger 7heob. Knights Key, Dec. 2 (W. H. Sligh). Culex egberti Dyar and Knab. Warner’s Camp, North shore of Lake Okeechobee (J. H. Egbert). Culex floridensis Dyar and Knab. Larve from Estero (J. B. Van Duzee). Culex restuans 7heob. Jacksonville, Mar. 4 (Dyar). Culex similis Theob. Jacksonville, Oct. 12 (H. Byrd). Mansonia perturbans Walk. Tick Island, May 12 (C. W. J.); Warner’s Camp, Lake Okeechobee, Mar. (J. H. Egbert). Mansonia titillans Walk. Warner’s Camp, Lake Okeechobee, risa (Egbert). Uranotenia sapphirina 0. S. Jacksonville, July 2 (H. Byrd). Deinocerites cancer 7heob. ‘“ Southern Florida” (Dyar). —_—-_ ee. ae Johnson, Insects of Florida. 47 he ‘Wyeomyia vanduzeei Sata dhe Ricad tramw lore bn leaves of ias, Estero — Det Osprey, July, August (J. G. Webb); — CORETHRID. : " Chaoborus punctipennis Say. (Sayomyia punctipennis). Lake Okeechobee, Mar. (Egbert); Jacksonville, Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). MYCETOPHILID. oe Seihtyire elegans (og. Georgetown, May 9, and Tick Island, May 12 s «©. W. J.). Leia cincta Cog. (Neoglaphyroptera cincta.) Tick Island, May 12 s c W. J.). - Phorodonta nigra Wied. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). eo Sciara picea Riibs. St. Augustine and Drayton Island, May 10 % € W. J.); Crescent City, Apr. 20 (Van Duzee). Be - This i is probably the “ vellow fever fly” referred to by Riley (Amer. “ Nat, 1881, p. 150), and placed by Aldrich under S. americana Wied. ; _ Sciara fuliginosa Fitch. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). CECIDOMYID. _ Lasioptera sp. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Dasyneura eugeniew Felt. Reared from deformed fruit of Eugenia _ buzifolia, collected at Key West, Mar. 15, 1912 (A. E. Schwarz). § Asphondylia sp. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). a Cecidomyia taxodii Felt. (Jtonida torodii), “ Florida.”” Reared from leaves of bald cypress (Hubbard). __-—«~Cecidomyia sp. (Diplosis sp.) Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Cecidomyia sp. (Diplosis sp.) On oak, Georgiana, Jan. 24. Cecidomyia sp. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). BIBIONID&. _ Plecia ruficollis Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, Mor. (Mrs. Slosson); Lake Harney (Hubbard and Schwarz). _ Bibio rufithorax Wied. St. Augustine. Common; the male is much _ smaller than the female and has a black thorax. Jacksonville (Mrs. _ Slosson), 48 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [{Vol. XXXII, Bibio thoracicus Say. ‘ East Florida” (Say); Jacksonville, Apr. 18 (Van Duzee). Dilophus orbatus Say. St. Augustine and Juniper Creek, May 13 (C. W. J.); Inverness, Mar. 27 (Robertson); Biscayne Bay and Charlotte Harbor exceedingly common from February to the end of March (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 14. Dilophus thoracicus Say. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). SIMULID. Simulium venustum Say. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). RHYPHID#. Olbiogaster scalaris Wied. (Rhyphus scalaris.) Belleair (Mrs. Slosson). A very poor specimen taken from a spider web, at Tick Island, Volusia County, was inadvertently referred to Rhachicerus fulvicollis in my previous list. STRATIOMYID. Hermetia illucens Linné. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Fernandina, Lake Worth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith); Punta Gorda, Noy. 13, and St. Petersburg, Apr. 28 (Van Duzee); Lakeland, Mar. 28, and La Belle, Apr. 27 (Davis). Hermetia sexmaculata. “Florida” (Mus. Comp. Zodl.). Hermetia concinna Will. “ Florida” (U.S. N. M.). Ptecticus sackeni Hii. “Florida” (Pergande). Ptecticus testaceus Fabr. Crescent City, Apr. 20 (Van Duzee). Macrosargus decorus Say. (Sargus decorus.) St. Augustine, Mar. 15. Macrosargus elegans Loew. (Sargus elegans.) “ Florida” (Loew); Bellaire (Mrs. Slosson). . . Macrosargus tricolor Loew. (Sargus tricolor.) St. Augustine and Tick Isl., May 15 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Macrosargus clavis Will. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). As Dr. Williston has stated (Manual N. Amer. Dipt., 3d ed., p. 169), “The genus Macrosargus is so feebly differentiated that I do not think both names can be maintained. If not, the name Macrosargus must take prefer- ence over Geosargus Bezzi, substituted for Sargus preoccupied.” Johnson, Insects of Florida. 49 ee cece pecnsunet tre tricolor and M. clavis. It is lly a secondary sexual character and as such has no generic standing. dicella Bigot, 1856 (Coquillett, Type-species N. Amer. Genera), cannot in 1879. meigenii Wied. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). senaria Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Jacksonville . ‘Stratiomyia unilimbata Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Odontomyia cincta Olir. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Rock- _ ledge (Mrs. Slosson). _ Odontomyia interrupta Wied. Jacksonville, Apr. 19 (Mrs. Slosson). _ Odontomyia obscura Oliv. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Charlotte - Harbor, and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 21 (Van Dusee). _ + Qdontomyia trivittata Say. St. Augustine (F. H. Genung); Astor, Say 11 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson); Ft. Myers, Nov. 15, and Punta Gorda, Nov. 13 (Davis). . + - Odontomyia flavicornis Oliv. “ Florida” (U. S. N. M.); Jackson- .. ville (Mrs. Slosson). _ _Nemotelus carbonarius Loew. St. Aaeiinie, Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ___ Nemotelus crassus Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). a? Nemotelus glaber Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). er Nemotelus unicolor Loew. Pebbly Beach, Jacksonville, May 9; St. Augustine; Sanford, May 6 Nemotelus slossonz Johnson. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 304 (male). _ Female:— Front black, shining, with a white spot on each side above the base _ f the antennz; rostrum short, about one half the width of the eye. Thorax shining ___ blue-black, humeri with a narrow line extending to the base of the wing, light yellow. __ Abdomen shining, dark bronze-black, with a very narrow lateral margin of yellow. ____ Legs black, the tips of the femora and tibie and all of the tarsi light yellow; halteres a white, wings hyaline, third vein simple. Length, 3 mm. __ A series of males and females taken at practically the same locality as _ the type, Punta Gorda (Charlotte Harbor), Nov. 11-17, leave no doubt as the identity of the two forms. Allotype in the American Museum of 50 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Nemotelus immaculatus Johnson. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 304 (male). Female:— Front black, covered with a sparse yellowish tomentum; rostrum acute, about as long as the width of the eye, upper side whitish, with small white orbital spots above the base of the antennz, the latter reddish, becoming brown towards the tips. Thorax black, with yellowish tomentum; abdomen reddish-brown; the posterior margins of the second, third, and fourth segments narrowly bordered with yellow, expanding in the middle and towards the lateral margin, forming a dorsal row of somewhat obsolete triangles with one also on the first segment below the scutel- lum; the sides of the abdomen and posterior edge of the fifth segment narrowly mar- gined with yellow; venter uniform reddish-brown. Legs yellow; halteres white; wings hyaline, third vein forked. Length,5 mm. St. Augustine (F. H. Genung). The females taken with the male of this species were referred to N. acutirostris in my previous paper. It differs from the latter by the more tomentose head and thorax, the different abdominal markings and color and the unicolored femora. Nemotelus albirostris Macq. N. albirostris Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl., 4, p. 359 (55) tab. 3, f. 8, 1850. N. acutirostris Loew, Cent., LIT, 13, 1863. N. wheeleri Melander, Psyche, X, 182, pl. 4, 1903. In the large series before me I am unable to separate the above species and have therefore adopted the oldest name. Twenty-one specimens were collected by Dr. Lutz at Punta Gorda, Nov. 11-17, 1911. Nemotelus quadrinotatus n. sp. Female:— Head and thorax black, shining, sparsely covered with very short. whitish hairs; antenn black, and in length about double those of N. trinotatus Mel. The second joint is unusually long and the style is less attenuated and is erect. Ab- domen black, shining, with large yellow dorsal triangles on the first, second, third, and fourth segments, the one on the first segment being broadest at the base; the posterior margin of the fifth and the lateral margins of all the segments narrowly bordered with yellow; venter black. Legs yellow, basal two-thirds of ali the femora and a band on the middle of the posterior tibiw black, halteres white. Wings hyaline, the anterior veins yellow, the third vein forked at the tip. Length, 4.5 mm. Three specimens, Punta Gorda, Nov. 16 and 17, 1911 (Dr. Lutz). Holotype in the Amer. Mus. Nat. History. Two specimens from the same locality were collected by Mr. Davis, Nov. 13. This species closely resembles N. trinotatus Mel. and would have been referred to as a variety of that species were it not for the great length of the antenne. Johnson, Insects of Florida. 51 anifasciata Loew. Jacksonville, Apr. 26 (Mrs. Slosson). | Euryneurasoma n. gen. his resembles the genus Euryneura in form. The scutellum however is ju spines and the antenne are situated near the middle of the head in e. The third joint of the antennz is moderately elongated, with five ily segmented annuli, the terminal one being more stylate, with a small ce bristle at the tip. Type, the following species. Euryneurasoma slosson# n. sp. a - Face and cheeks black, covered with short white hairs; eyes contiguous; nt: aces eines tort wie hes coun cn ocelli- “ay us tubercle projecting considerably above the eyes, ocelli white; antennz yellow, terminal annuli black, with a few short hairs. Thorax, pleura and scutellum k, covered with short, yellow, somewhat procumbent hairs; a narrow, light yw line extends from the humeri to the base of the wings; post-alar callus reddish. n reddish, base of lateral margins and middle of the last two segments infus- ‘ Caeteaddich, the basal two-thirds of the posterior femora, the outer two-thirds the posterior tibie and anterior and posterior tarsi, dark brown. Halteres light ow. Wings hyaline; anterior veins and the large stigma dull yellow. The fork- ; of the third longitudinal vein near the tip is a variable character, being present in the male and absent in the female. Length, 5 mm. _ The female differs little from the male, except the head. The front is about e third the width of the head and the white spots of the male here form a transverse r very narrowly interrupted in the middle. Length, 4.5 mm. Biseayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Holotype and allotype in the U. 8. National Museum. Paratypes in Mrs. Slosson’s and the author’s collections. TABANID. 7 Sanit divisus Walk. (C. atropos O. S.) St. Augustine (C. W.J.); — Sac. (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City (Hubbard); Eagle Lake —(. S.N. ML). Lake Mary, March (Griffith). q Chrysops callidus 0. S. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). , cyearyeope sackeni Hine. Volusia, May 11, and Drayton Isl., May 10 . W. J.). ~ Chrysops hinei Daecke. Sand Point, Feb. 18 (Hubbard and Schwarz). eens flavidus Wied. St. Augustine and Horse Landing, St. s River, May 17 (C. W. J.) Georgiana (Whitfeld); Jacksonville, and mond (Mrs. Slosson); Marco, Apr. 20; Everglade, Apr. 11 (Davis). a Tewsops parvulus Daecke. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.) C. norosus of my previous list. 52 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Chrysops fuliginosus Wied. (C. plangens Wied.) “ Florida’ (Osten Sacken). Chrysops dorsovittatus Hine. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysops lugens Wied. Volusia, May 11 (C. W. J.). Chrysops pudicus 0. S. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysops univittatus Macg. ‘ Florida” (U.S. N. M.). Chrysops vittatus var. floridanus n. var. This is readily distinguished from the typical form by the absence of the brownish- black markings; all of the stripes are light brown, those on the abdomen being some- what obsolete; the ocelligerous tubercle and the antenne (except the extreme tip) are also light brown. The outer portion of the anal cell is entirely clouded and a wide clouded stripe extends through the center of the outer portion of the first pos- terior cell. A large number of specimens were taken by the writer at Horse Landing, St. John’s River, May 17, and at Palatka May 19, 1894. There is also a specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, labeled Enterprise, May 11 (Hubbard and Schwarz). The form is so readily separated from the typical vittatus, it seems worthy of at least a varietal name. Hematopota punctulata Macg. (H. americana O.S.? of my previous list.) Crescent City, June (Hubbard); Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Diachlorus ferrugatus Fabr. St. Augustine and Horse Landing, St. Johns Riv., May 17 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay and Enterprise, May 25 (Schwarz); Everglade, Apr. 6 (Davis); Big Cypress Swamp, Apr. 14. Tabanus abdominalis Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Tabanus americanus Forst. St. Augustine; Astor, May 11; Tick Isl., May 13 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Apr., and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Clearwater, May 1 (Van Duzee); Miami, Apr. 2 (Laurent); Ft. Myers, Apr. 1, and Everglade, Apr. 7; Marco, Apr. 17 (Davis). Tabanus atratus Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Kew West, Feb. 7; Ft. Capron, July 9 (U.S. N. M.); Titusville, Nov. 8 (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.); Ft. Myers, Apr. 1; Everglade, Apr. 7. ° Tabanus coffeatus Macg. Waldo, June 2 (Schwarz and Hubbard); Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Tabanus costalis Wied. Lake Harney, May 5 (Schwarz and Hub- bard); St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Crescent City, Apr. 22 (Van Duzee). Tabanus nigrovittatus Macg. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Tabanus conterminus Walk. Fernandina (Hine); Miami. Tabanus lineola Fabr. St. Augustine; Tick Isl May 12 (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 21 (Van Duzee); Everglade, Apr. 6; Labelle, Apr. 27; Ft. Myers, Apr. 23 (Davis). a Johnson, Insects of Florida. 53 ~ (Schwarz and Hubbard). sang ae a a 0. 8. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); W ~alm Beach, Mar. 27 (C. P. Whitney). i __ Tabanus fronto 0. S. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, nc W. 3.);. Gouteiana; Send Point, Mar, 21 i S. N. M); escent City, Apr. 22 (Van Duzee); Chokoloskee; Ft. Myers, Mar. 31 ). -Tabanus johnsoni Hine. St. Augustine (F. H. Genung). Tabanus giganteus De Geer. “ Florida” (Williston). _ ‘Tabanus gracilis Wied. “ Florida” (Williston). = _ Tabanus megerlei Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith); Eagle Lake (U.S. N. M.); Palatka (Mrs. Slosson). zs _Tabanus melanocerus Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Miami. _ Tabanus mexicanus Linné. St. Augustine; Georgetown, May 16; ‘Tick Ia, May 13 (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); Sanibel Isl., May; Crescent City, Apr. 24, and Estero ‘Van Duzee); Ft. Myers, Apr. 25 _ (Grossbeck); Everglade, Apr. 15 (Davis). 7 _ ‘abanus molestus Say. Tick Isl., May 12; Juniper Creek, May 15 SC. W. J.). 2 Tabanus psammophilus 0. S. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Ft. _ Capron, Apr. 10 (Schwarz and Hubbard). _ abanus pumilis Macg. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond and ~ Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Enterprise, May 11-13 (Schwarz and Hub- bard). - ‘Tabanus sparus | hitney. Inverness, Mar. 18-24 (Robertson); St. ~ Augustine (C. W. J.); Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). _ Tabanus pygmeus Will. “Florida” (Williston); Jacksonville _ ‘Tabanus reeodens Walk. “ Florida” (Walker). _‘Tabanus rufus Palisot de Beau. St. Augustine and Tick Isl., May 12 nC. W. J.); Lake Harney, May 4 (Schwarz and Hubbard). _ Tabanus stygius Say. Georgiana, July (Whitfeld). _ Tabanus sulcifrons Macg. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Tabanus tener 0. S. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); Indian River (E. Palmer); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith); Clearwater, Apr. 29 (Van Duzee); Palm Beach, Mar. 16 (Whitney). _ Tabanus trijunctus Walk. St. Augustine, May 20, and Juniper 54 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Creek, May 14 (C. W. J.); Ft. Capron, Apr. 24; Georgiana (Whitfeld); - Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Marco, Apr: 19; Everglade, Apr. (Davis). Tabanus turbidus Wied.=? 7. fusconervosus Macq. Walker records the latter from Florida. Tabanus variegatus Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Tabanus wiedemannii 0. S. St. Augustine, May 19 (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); Enterprise, May 17 (Schwarz and Hubbard). Tabanus proximus /Wal/:. “ Florida” (Walker). Tabanus floridensis Hine. Fort Meade, Apr. 4. Tabanus fulvulus Wied. Fort Myers, Apr. 14 (Davis). LEPTIDID&. Leptis albicornis Say. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Leptis mystacea Macg. Jacksonville, Apr. 10 (Laurent). Leptis vertebrata Say. Ormond. Chrysopilus basilaris Say. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Pebbly Boneh, Jackson- ville, May 9. Chrysopilus griffithi Johns. Punta Gorda, Nov. 11 (Davis). Chrysopilus quadratus Say. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysopilus propinqua Walk. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysopilus rotundipennis Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysopilus velutinus Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.). Chrysopilus connexus Johns. “ Florida” (U.S. N. M.). NEMESTRINID. Hirmoneura flavipes Will. “ Florida.’ Parasymmictus clausa 0. 8. Beresford (Whitney). Neorhynchocephalus volaticus Will. St. Augustine (C. w. J.), Georgiana (Whitfeld). BOMBYLIID. Spogostylum albofasciata Macg. (Argyrameba albofasciata.) Jack- sonville and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Spogostylum argyropyga Wied. (Argyramebaargyropyga.) “Florida” (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Johnson, Insects of Florida. 55 lum limatulus Say. (Argyrameba limatula.) Jacksonville, orth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Cedar Keys, June 6 bbard); Marco, Apr. 21 (Davis). | Spogostylum edipus Fabr. (Argyrameba edipus.) Orlando, Mar. (Robertson); Cedar Keys, June 7 (Hubbard); Marco, Apr. 21 (Davis). Spogostylum pluto Wied. “ Florida” (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Spogostylum simson Fabr. (Argyrameba simsoni) St. Augustine a eetstum analis Say. (Argyrameba analis.) St. Augustine, y 21 (C. W. J.); Enterprise, May 12; Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith); € May 7. a Spogostylum cephus Fabr. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Cedar _ Keyes, June 7, and Tampa, Sept. 19 (Hubbard). There is considerable confusion among the species of this genus that have entirely black wings or have a large portion of the wing solid black. The deseription of Fabricius can only apply to the entirely black species, “ corpus totum hirtum, atrum, immaculatum. Alae nigrae immaculatae.” Wiede- mann in 1821 (Dipt. Exot., p. 141), followed by Macquart in 1840 (Dipt. Exot., II. p. 59), amended this, making it cover a number of species having v pile on the sides of the first and last two segments of the abdomen and ‘these descriptions have been followed by subsequent authors. a _ My attention was first called to this discrepancy in trying to identify be specimens of the true cephus, collected by Mrs. Slosson at Jacksonville. The other species which has thus remained unnamed, I therefore dedicate to heri in recognition of her valuable work on the insect fauna of Florida. Spogostylum slosson@ sp. n. _ Anthrax cephus Wiedemann, 1821, not Fabricius, 1805. _ Male:— Face and front black, with black hairs, occiput with whitish hairs; antenne black. Thorax and scutellum black. There is a distinct collar of whitish hairs and the baits on the pleura are also whitish. Abdomen black, with black hairs, except on the sides of the first segment, and dense silvery white tomentum on the last two segments, and a patch on the sides of the preceding segment. Legs brownish black. Halteres dark brown. Wings smoky black, becoming brownish towards the posterior margins. Length 12 mm., length of wing 15 mm. ___- Female:— Similar to the male except that the front is slightly wider, wings a more _ wniform black and the white tomentum of the terminal segments is confined to the sides. A specimen from St. Augustine measures the same as the male, but specimens from Chockoloskee, Fla., and Opelousa, La., are smaller. Length, 10 mm., wing 13 mm. Holotype, Cumberland Gap, Ky., July, 1876 (Dr. Geo. Dimmock), and allo- type, Chokoloskee, Fla., received from Mr. Geo. Franck, are in the author's collee- ‘tion. Other records are Enterprise, May 7, and Cedar Keys (Hubbard); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). 56 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Spogostylum latelimbata Bigot. Hemipenthes latelimbata Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 351, 1892. ? Anthrax cedens Walk., Dipt. Saund., 190, 1856. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Mary, March (Griffith). This species has a bisected, pencil-bearing antennal style, and belongs to the group tabulated below. Walker’s species is probably the same isan would have priority, but a study of the type is necessary. Spogostylum grossbecki sp. n. Male:— Head, thorax and abdomen black, subshining and covered with black pile, except on the last abdominal segment where the pile is silvery white. Legs and halteres black. Wings black except for a very narrow hyaline border extending from the apex to the middle of the posterior margin; the first submarginal, discal, and fourth posterior cells, are entirely clouded, leaving only the outer portions of the second submarginal, and the first, second, and third posterior cells hyaline. Length 6 mm. One specimen, Lakeland, Fla., May 3, 1912, collected by Mr. J. A. Grossbeck. Type in the American Museum of Natural History. The species of this group may be distinguished as follows: — a 1. Wings-entirely Dlaek +i o605 60s of cs reve as ies ose ee 2. Wings more or less hyaline along the outer and posterior portion....... 3. 2. Abdomen with pile entirely black......................220+02- cephus Fabr. Abdomen with white pile on the sides of the first and the last two segments slossone@ sp. n. 3. Wings with less than one third hyaline.................0.cccccecbeuceaes 6. Wings with about one half to one third hyaline.......................... 4, 4. Pile on the anterior of the thorax and on the sternum, white (South America) gideon Fabr. Pile on the anterior of the thorax and on the sternum, black................ 5. 5. Abdomen of the female entirely black; male with silvery white tomentum on the idattwo segments. «. .isc5.k seek dds ke AWS) Ben analis Say. Abdomen of the female entirely black; male with tufts of white pile on the sides of the first and silvery tomentum on the sides of the penultimate segment Biate: CAmorica) «iis c5vin. nicole ie Rea eos acroleuca Wied. Abdomen of the female entirely black; male with only a small tuft of silvery tomentum on the sides of the penultimate segment (Colorado; Washington) occidentalis sp. n. 6. Discal, outer end of the first submarginal, and fourth posterior cells, not entirely ended with ‘black 3... 365... 503 cede bp eS ivegeeeaebene bas latelimbata Bigot. Discal, first submarginal, and fourth posterior cells entirely clouded with black grossbecki sp. n. The species S. gideon, S. acroleuca and S. occidentalis are not found in Florida, but have been inserted to avoid possible confusion. 3 7 018) Johnson, Insects of Florida. 57 " Exoprosopa ¢ cubana Loew. “ Florida.” Demeeters « emarginata Macg. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). ee fascipennis aay St. pee and Mt. Royal, May 17 Bea Sieiberenope pueblensis Jaennicke. (E. eremita O. S.) St. Augustine _ (Genung); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Capron, Apr. 12 (Hubbard); Lakeland, May 5, Marco, Apr. 19 (Davis). Dipalta serpentina 0. S. St. Augustine. _ Anthrax agrippina 0.8. Suannee (Mrs. Slosson). _ Anthrax alternata Say. “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Anthrax celer Wied. (A. floridana Macq.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Capron, Apr. 17 (Hubbard). Anthrax ceyx Loew. (? A. demogorgon Walk.) Chokoloskee. _ Anthrax dispar Cog. St. Augustine (Genung); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. es Slosson). _ Anthrax nemakagonensis Graenicher. Marco, Apr. 20 (Davis). : _ Anthrax faunus Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). + Anthrax fulvohirta Wied. St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.). Jackson- ville and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, May 5. Anthrax lateralis Say. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Inverness, Feb. 11, Mar. 31 (Robertson); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Marco, Apr. 17 Key Largo, Nov. 8; Clearwater, May 1; Sanford, May 7 (Van Duzee). _ Anthrax lateralis var. gracilis Macg. Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). = Anthrax lucifer Fabr. Jacksonville; Suwannee (Mrs. Slosson); In- __verness, Mar. 2, Apr. 4 (Robertson); Key West; Lakeland, Nov. 10; _ Sanford, May 6 (Van Duzee); Ft. Myers, Mar. 30; Lakeland, Nov. 9 _ Amthrax mira Cog. St. Augustine (Genung); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. i Anthrax morio Linné. Suwannee (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, Mar. 28. _ Anthrax sinuosa Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Punta Gorda, ce” Nov. 16; Ft. Myers, Apr. 1 (Davis). - Anthrax tegminipennis Say. Jacksonville, Apr.; Ormond (Mrs. ___ Slosson). ' _ Bombylius major Linné. (B. fratellus Wied.) “ Florida” (U. S. _ Nat. Mus.). a Bombylius mexicanus Wied. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. - Slosson). 58 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Bombylius fulvibasis Macg. (B. atriceps Loew.) Charlotte Harbor; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Mar. 10-27 (Robertson). Bombylius fraudulentus Johns. (B. lancifer of my previous list.) Crescent City, Apr. 25 (Van Duzee). Bombylius pygmeus Fabr. “ Florida” (Morrison) U. S. Nat. Mus. Bombylius varius Fabr. ‘“ Florida’’ (Morrison) U.S. Nat. Mus. Systoechus solitus Wal/:. St. Augustine, May 21; Suwannee, Apr.; Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Enterprise, Apr. 15 (Laurent); Ft. Myer, Apr. 1, Lakeland, May 4, Crescent City, Apr. 20, and Sanford, May 6 (Van Duzee); La Belle, Apr. 28 (Davis). Oncodocera leucoprocta Wied. Suwannee; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Phthiria punctipennis Walk. St. Augustine. Phthiria sulphurea Loew. St. Augustine (Genung); Georgetown, May 16 (C. W. J.); Crescent City (Hubbard). Lepidophora egeriiformis Westw. Georgiana (Whitfeld). Eclimus niger Macg. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Systropus macer Loew. Georgiana (Whitfeld). Geron senilis Fabr. Miami, Nov. 3. Toxophora americana Guérin. (7. amphitea Walk.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond; Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); St. Johns Bluff (Walker); Capron, July 4 (Hubbard); Miami, Oct. 25 (Town- send); Crescent City, Apr. 2 (Van Duzee). Toxophora leucopyga Wied. (T. fulua Gray.) “Florida” (U. S. Nat. Mus.) Toxophora virgata 0. S. Inverness, Mar. 22 (Robertson). THEREVID. Psilocephala festina Cog. St. Augustine, Mar. 15, and Drayton Isl., May 9 (C. W. J.); Ormond and Bay Biscayne, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Georgiana, July (Whitfeld). ; Psilocephala hemorrhoidalis Macg. Ormond, Apr.; Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Psilocephala johnsoni Cog. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). . Psilocephala morata Cog. St. Augustine. Psilocephala notata Wied. St. Augustine, Mar. 4 (C. W. J.); Or- mond, Apr., and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Psilocephala obscura Cog. Key West, Feb. 5 (U.S. N. M.). Ss TJehneon, Insects of Florida. 59 Paloephata pltipennis Wied. St. Augustine, Drayton Isl., and May 9 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay and Jacksonville (Mrs. Siaments Crescent City (Hubbard); Ft. Myers, Mar. 31. “a Tiissenlisis placids Cog. “ Florida” (U.S. N. M.). end peeeeohale tergissa Say. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); mond, Apr.; Lake Worth; Atlantic Beach and Biscayne Bay, Jan. and Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, May 5 (Davis). - Psilocephala marcida Cog. “ Florida” (U. S. N. M.). ‘Thereva diversa Cog. “Florida” (U. S. N. M.). Thereva germana Walk. “Florida” (Walker). _Thereva varia Walk. “Florida” (Walker). a ee SCENOPINID&. 52. ify San os 4 ‘Scenopinus nubilipes Say. Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. MYDAID&. — clavatus Drury. St. Augustine; Aster, May il, and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.). —% ‘Mydas fulvifrons Illiger. “ Florida” (U. S. Nat. Mus.). _ _Mydas incisus Macq. (M. pachygaster Westw.) St. Augustine (C. W. _J.); Crescent City (Hubbard); Enterprise, May 29. _ _Mydas parvulus Westw. “ Florida” (Walker). In the U. S. National Museum, there are several undetermined species marked “Fla.” that were there when I made my previous list. These _ ¢losely resemble species that have been recorded only from Arizona and New Mexico, and their occurrence in Florida needs verification. _ Dolichogaster brevicornis Wied. (M. iopterus Wied.) “St. Johns Bluff, Doubleday ” (Walker). _ Over sixty years have elapsed since Walker recorded this species from Florida. It seems therefore surprising that with all the collecting that has been done since then, something bearing on this species should not have been found. In recently describing a species from Georgia (Leptomydas _ desideratus, Psyche, XTX, 151, fig. 1, 1912), my attention was called to the similarity in venation and color of the two species which, minus the an- tennz, could readily be confounded. Can this have been the case? 60 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, ASILIDAS. Leptogaster obscuripennis.Johns. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Capron; Tampa, Apr. 8 (Hubbard); Orlando, May 18; Gotha, Mar. (Wheeler); Clearwater, Apr. 30 (Van Duzee). Leptogaster pictipes Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Leptogaster floridensis sp. n. Female:— Face, front and occiput black, grayish pollinose, vertex and proboscis black. Antenne, first and second joint, brown, third joint and style black. Thorax light brown, with wide, subshining, dark brown stripes; pleura and scutellum brown covered with a gray pollen. Abdomen black, shining, a band on the middle of the second segment and the posterior margin of the second to the fifth segments, brown. Genitalia red. Legs variable in color, anterior femora and base of the middle and basal half of the posterior femora, light yellow, the middle and posterior femora with a broad middle and apical band of black, with a broad red band between, the clavate portion of the posterior femora abruptly thickened, the basal half being very slender; . anterior and middle tibize yellow, the latter obscurely banded with brown, the pos- terior tibie red with a broad basal and apical band of black; metatarsi whitish, tip- of the latter and all other joints of the tarsi reddish brown. THalteres dark brown, stalks light yellow. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown. Length, 9 mm. Three specimens, Miami, Noy. 5, 1911; two specimens, Estero (Van Duzee). Holotype (Miami), and three paratypes in the American Museum of Natural History, one paratype (Miami), in the author’s collection. This species resembles L. pictipes Loew, but the broad apical band on the posterior femora and broad sub-basal band on the posterior tibia. readily separate the two species. Dizonias tristis Walk. (D. bicincta Loew, Osprioccrus albifasciatus Back.) St. Augustine (C. W.J.); Georgiana (Whitfeld); Enterprise, May 15; Turkey Lake, Orange Co., Aug. 29 (Back); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); La Belle, Apr. 28. Laphystia sexfasciata Say. St. Augustine, common along the sea- shore, June, July; Capron, Apr. 19; Miami (Laurent). Ceraturgus nigripes Will. “Florida” (U.S. N. M.). Ceraturgopsis cornutus Wied. (Ceraturgus cruciatus of my former list.) Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Dioctria albius Wall. “ Florida ” (Back). , Cyrtopogon falto Walk. (C. chrysopogon Loew.) “ Florida” (Mor- rison). : Holcocephala abdominalis Say. St. Augustine and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W.J.); Sanford, May 6, and Crescent City, Apr. 21 (Van Duzee). Holcocephala calva Loew. Juniper Creek, May 15. “a RE ee —————E—— a 1913) Johnson, Insects of Florida. 61 Holopogon-guttula Wied. (H. philadelphicus Schiner.) Jackson- & ville and Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Heteropogon senilis Bigot. (Anisopogon senilis Bigot.) A. ludius Coq. is probably a synonym. “ Florida” (Morrison), U. 8. N. M. _ Neopogon abdominalis Back. (Stichopogon abdominalis Back.) - 3 ‘Gotha, Mar. (Wheeler); Winter Park and Orlando, Apr., July (Back). iw, x). Deromyia bilineata Loew. “Florida” (Back); St. Augustine (C. _ Deromyia bigotii Bell. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond, June . Mn. Slosson). _ Deromyia ternata Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ft. Myer, Apr. 25 and Lakeland, Nov. 8 (Davis). _ Deromyia winthemi Wied. “Florida” (U.S. N. M.). - Taracticus octopunctatus Say. “ Florida’’ (Morrison). Nicocles pictus Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Nicocles politus Say. White Spring, Oct. 19 (Townsend). Cerotainia macrocera Say. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Atomosia puella Wied. Palatka, May 19 (C. W. J.). - Pogonosoma melanoptera Wied. “ Florida’ (Williston). Nusa fulvicauda Say. (Andrenosoma pyrrhacra Wied.) Georgiana (Whitfeld) Ormond, June (Mrs. Slosson) - Lampria bicolor Wied. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Dasyllis grossa Fabr. (WD. tergissa Say.) Tampa, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Dasyllis lata Macg. ieccait City, Apr. 24 (Van Duzee). Dasyllis posticata Say. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, May 6 (Davis). _ Laphria saffrana Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Sand Point, May 3, _ Charlotte Harbor, Mar., Pensacola, Apr., and Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, May 6 (Davis). Ommatius marginellus Fabr. (0. tibialis Say.) St. Augustine, May 21, and Georgetown, May 19 (C. W. J.); Georgiana, July 15 (Whit- feld); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Sanford, May 7 (Van Duzee). Proctacanthus brevipennis Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Or- mond, Charlotte Harbor and Pensacola (Mrs. Slosson); Miami, Apr. 4 (Laurent); Key West, June 7; Clearwater, May 1 (Van Duzee); Lakeland Mar. 28, and Ft. Myers, Apr. 2; Marco, Apr. 18 (Davis). Proctacanthus heros Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Georgiana (Whitfeld). Proctacanthus fulviventris Macg. Georgiana; St. Petersburg, Apr. 28 (Van Duzee); Ft. Myers, Apr. 24 (Davis). 62 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, ° Proctocanthus longulus Wied. “ Florida” (Hine). Proctocanthus nigriventris Hine. Marco, Apr. 18. Proctocanthus philadelphicus Macg. Georgiana (U. 8. Nat. Mus.). Erax westuans Linné. (EF. bastardi Macq.) Jacksonville, and Lake Worth, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); St. Petersburg, Apr. 28; Clearwater, Apr. 30; Tampa, May 2 (Van Duzee). Erax albibarbis Macg. (E. cinerescens Bell.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth, on the white sand of the open beach (Mrs. Slosson). Erax interruptus Macq. (LE. lateralis Macq. + maculatus Macq.) St. Augustine, May 20, and Volusia, May 11-14 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Everglade, Apr. 6, Marco, Apr. 17, and Lakeland, May 7 (Davis). Erax femorata Macg. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Clearwater, Apr. (Van Duzee). Erax sp. Chokoloskee. Mallophora bomboides Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond, June (Mrs. Slosson); Miami, Nov. 5. Mallophora laphroides Wied. St. Augustine (F. H. Genung); St. Petersburg, Apr. 28, and Clearwater, May 1 (Van Duzee); Lakeland, May 7. Mallophora nigra Will. St. Augustine. Mallophora orcina Wied. St. Augustine, May 20, and Palatka, ~ May 19 (C. W. J.); Crescent City (Hubbard). Promachus bastardii Macg. Clearwater, Apr. (Van Duzee); Lake- land, May 6 (Davis). Coquillett adopts the generic name Bactria Meigen (Syst. Besch. Zwiefl. Ins., Vol. 2, p. 307, 1820), based on the following note under Asilus pictus Meig.: “‘ Herr Megerle von Muhlfeld schikte sie unter dem Namen Bactria rufipes.”” Whether Bactria with A. pictus as the type, should be used in place of the genus Promachus Loew, 1840, needs further consideration. Meigen evidently had no idea of adopting it. Promachus fitchii 0. S. St. Augustine. Asilus gracilis Wied. (A. auratus Johnson.) St. Augustine, May 21; Palatka, May 19 (C. W. J.); Georgiana, July 15 (Whitfeld); Sanford, May 7; Clearwater, Apr. 30; St. Petersburg, Apr. 29; Estero (Van Duzee); Ft. Myers, Apr. 25. Asilus nove scotie Macg. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Asilus erythrocnemius J//ine. Punta Gorda, Nov. 16 (Davis). Asilus snowii Hine. “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). a Johnson, Insects of Florida. 63 DOLICHOPODID. ei a _Selapus caudatus Wied. ieee caudatulus Loew.) Volusia, May a Sciapus ebryeoprasius Walk. Charlotte Harbor and Biscayne Bay a (Mrs. Slosson); Ft. Myers, Nov. 13. ___ Seiapus ciliipes Aldr. Jacksonville, Lake Worth, Biscayne Bay, and a Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Enterprise, Apr. 15 (Laurent). * comatus Loew. Volusia, May 11 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth .} iitonas pruinosus Cog. Miami (Mrs. nein: 9 Bes - Sciapus mundus Wied. (Psilopus ciliatus Loew.) St. Augustine; - Dacin Isl., May 10 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth and Charlotte Harbor S ae Slosson); Enterprise (Castle and Laurent). ____-*Sciapus patibulatus Say. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). ___ Seiapus portoricensis Macg. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ____Seiapus sipho Say. Volusia, May, and Palatka, May 19 (C. W. J.); _ Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). ‘The above species are placed under Psilodinus and the following species under Agonosoma in Aldrich’s catalogue. The two genera do not seem to be _ generically distinct and are now united by most authors under Sciapus Zeller. F. Sciapus psittacinus Loew. (Gnamptopsilopus psittacinus.) St. Au- _ gustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth, Jan. and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). 2 Sciapus tener Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). _ Sciapus unifasciatus Say. Jacksonville, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. _ Slosson). ___-‘Sciapus variegatus Loew. St. Augustine; Welaka, May 9, and Pal- i - atka, May 19 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). q _ Diaphorus leucostoma Loew. Charlotte Harbor, Feb., and Lake _ Worth, Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Diaphorus mundus Jvew. Drayton Isl., May 10 (C. W. J.); Char- _ lotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). -_ Diaphorus opacus Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Diaphorus subsejunctus Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Asyndetus interruptus Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Asyndetus syntormoides Wheeler. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). __ Chrysotus barbatus Loew. “ Florida.” _ Chrysotus costalis Loew. “ Florida ” (Loew). 4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Chrysotus picticornis Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Chrysotus vividus Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Campsicnemus hirtipes Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Argyra sp. “Florida” (Aldrich). Porphyrops fumipennis Loew. De Funiak Springs, Mar. 1 (C. W. J.). Neurigona lateralis Say. (Saucropus superbiens Loew and Daety- lomyia gracilipes Aldr.) Belleair (Mrs. Slosson). Neurigona dimidiata Loew. “ Florida’’ (Loew). Thinophilus neglectus Wheeler. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 15. Hypocharassus gladiator Mik. (Drepanomyia johnsoni Wheeler.) St. Augustine, May 21 (C. W. J.). Hypocharassus pruinosus Wheeler. St. Augustine, May 21 (C. W.J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Rassa, Apr. 22 (Davis). Medeterus nigripes Loew. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Medeterus veles Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Hydrophorus estuum Loew. (H. eldoradensis Wheeler.) De Funiak Springs, Mar. 1 (C. W. J.). ' Plagioneurus univittatus Loew. Biscayne Bay and Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). ‘ Dolichopus laticornis Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Dolichopus longipennis Loew. “ Florida.” Gymnopternus albiceps Loew. “ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Gymnopternus debilis Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Gymnopternus difficilis Loew. St. Augustine. Paraclius filiferus Aldr. Charlotte Harbor, Lake Worth, and Bis- cayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Paraclius propinquus JWheeler. Charlotte Harbor and Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Paraclius quadrinotatus Aldr. ‘“ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Tachytrechus floridensis Aldr. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 20 (Van Duzee). Pelastoneurus abbreviatus Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 14. Pelastoneurus cognatus Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 14. Pelastoneurus floridanus Wheeler. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Pelastoneurus letus Loew. (= ? Dolichopus irrasus Walk. Al- drich.) Belleair (Mrs. Slosson). Pelastoneurus lamellatus Loew. “ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Pelastoneurus longicauda Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 19. Johnson, Insects of Florida. 65 meurds lugubris Loew. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay . : n). : wig 0 oneurus pictipennis Wheeler. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. tha (Wheeler); Lake Worth, and Belleair (Mrs. Slosson); Miami, EMPIDID. 8p. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). s crassifemoris Fitch. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). fst lata Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). inusitata Melander. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). nana Cog. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). sdromia empiformis Say. (HH. superstitiosa of my previous af Say.) Drayton Isl., May 9. omia obsoleta Loew. Jacksonville, Nov. 3. pusillus Loew. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). mec simplex Walk. Jacksonville, Apr., and Charlotte Harbor losson). polita Loew. “ Florida.” ybe © tetolex Walk. Charlotte Harbor, Mar., and Jeckaogville, Apr. *: Lakeland, Nov. 10. subjectus — Coens mee St. Augustine . lara atra Loew. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). lara leucoptera Loew. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). PHORID. Se avkratnbirg venusta Cog. (Phora divaricata Aldr.) Biscayne Bay, ar., and Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). > venusta var. perplexa Brues. Tick Island, May 12 aC ) _ Dohrniphora incisuralis Loew. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). t oc fasciata Fall. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). __Aphiocheta epierm Brues. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Rockledge * x hh: nigriceps Loew. Biscayne Bay and Jacksonville (Mrs. 66 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXTI, Aphiocheta rufipes Meig. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Aphiocheta scalaris Loew. Biscayne Bay, Feb. (Mrs. Slosson); Orlando (Chittenden). Aphiocheta subpicta Malloch. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Aphiocheta minor Zett. (A. minuta Aldr.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). PIPUNCULID&. Pipunculus albiseta Cress. Belleaire (Mrs. Slosson). Pipunculus constrictus Banks. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Pipunculus houghi Kertz. (P. lateralis Walk. (not Maeq.) + P. femorata Cress.) St. Augustine (Prothecus lateralis of my previous list.) ‘ Pipunculus insularis Cress. Jacksonville. Pipunculus biscaynei Cress. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Pipunculus nigripes Loew. Biscayne Bay and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Pipunculus subvirescens Loew. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Pipunculus subnitens ? Cress. Jacksonville. SYRPHID. Microdon fulgens Wied. St. Augustine, pupe found in decayed pine logs (C. W. J.); Suwannee, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Marco, Apr. 20, and Deep Lake, Apr. 15. Microdon fuscipennis Macg. Georgiana, July 17 (Whitfeld). Microdon globosus Fabr. Crescent city, Apr. 21; Titusville, Nov. 8. Microdon limbus Will. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Microdon pachystylum Will. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Microdon scitulus Will. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Microdon tristis Loew. Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Microdon baliopterus Loew. (Omegasyrphus baliopterus.) Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Microdon coarctatus Loew. (Omegasyrphus coarctatus.) Orlando, Mar. 16 (Robertson). Chrysogaster nitida Wied. St. Augustine Mar. 15, and Tick Isl., May 12 (C. W. J.); Orlando, May 16 (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Feb. 14 (Robertson). Johnson, Insects of Florida. 67 — sata Macg. Inverness, Feb. 8-12 (Robertson). australis Johns. St. Augustine, Mar. 15. Included under ilchella in my previous list. ‘Pipi: pulchella Will. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay, Feb. (Mrs. tibialis Fall. St. Augustine, May 21, and Palatka, May 19 clavata Fabr. St. Augustine, May 21 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth 1] Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City (Hubbard); Orlando, . 17; Lakeland, Nov. 7 (Davis); Jacksonville, Nov. 3; Ft. Myers, zy ‘16, id Tevernred: Mar. 26 os ths dresden’ | us Sayre Say. St. oe — 15, May 20 _ Ocyptamus scuteliates Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). _ Syrphus americanus Wied. Jacksonville, Apr. 15, Biscayne Bay, tlantic Beach, and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Orlando, Feb. 21, and inverness, Feb. 12 (Robertson). _Allograpta obliqua Say. Inverness, Feb. 12, Mar. 21 (Robertson); yne Bay, Feb. (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 11; Pablo Beach, . 4. _ Philhelius emarginatus Say. (Xanthogramma emarginata.) “ Flor- “ida, Apr. 20” (Riley). _ Toxomerus boscii Macg. (Mesogramma boscii.) St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.); Orlando, Mar. 15, and Inverness, Feb. 29 (Robertson); akeland, Nov. 10; Crescent City, Apr. 25; Clearwater, Apr. 29; Jackson- i‘ , May 9. es parvulus Loew. ~(Mesogramma parvula.) St. Augustine, 20 (C. W. J.); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. son). ‘ Toxomerus marginatus Say. (Mesogramma marginata.) St. Augus- ne, May 20, and De Funia Spk., Mar. 1 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth, Mar. Slosson); Orlando, Feb. 21, and Inverness, Mar. 9 (Robertson); onville, Nov. 3. 68 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Toxomerus planiventris Loew. (Mesogramma planiventris.) Cres- cent City, Apr., and Clearwater, May 1; Titusville, Nov. 8; Lakeland, Nov. 10; Punta Gorda, Nov. 11; La Belle, Nov. 14. Toxomerus politus Say. (Mesogramma polita.) St. Augustine, and Georgetown, May 9 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, Nov. 3 (Davis); Titusville, Nov. 8. Toxomerus subannulatus Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Toxomerus duplicatus Wied. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Volucella abdominalis Wied. Chokoloskee. é Volucella esuriens Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Georgiana (Whitfeld); Biscayne Bay, Jan., Apr., and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Key West (U. S. N. M.); Sanibel Isl.; Marco, Apr. 17 (Davis); Tortugas Islands, June 23 (R. C. Osburn). pe Volucella eugenia Will. ‘“ Florida” (Williston). Volucella fasciata Macg. Inverness, Feb. 3, Mar. 24 (iteeation); Lakeland, Mar. 29 (Davis). Volucella pusilla Macg. St. Augustine, Mar. 15, May 21 (C. w. J.); Ft. Myers, Mar. 31 (Davis); Newberry, Nov. 18. Volucella obesa Fabr. Chokoloskee. Volucella pallens Wied. St. Augustine, Mar. 15, Georgiana; Lake Worth, and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Feb. 12 (Robert- son); South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, May 2 (Davis). Volucella vesiculosa Fabr. Inverness, Mar. 19 (Robertson). Eristalis albifrons Wied. St. Augustine (F. H. Genung); Orlando, Feb. 21 (Robertson); Lake Worth; Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Georgiana (Whitfeld); Miami, Feb. 18 (P. Laurent); Chokoloskee; Everglade, Apr. 7; Lakeland, May 6 (Davis). Eristalis dimidiatus Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Punta Gorda, Nov. 16 (Davis); Newberry, Nov. 18. Eristalis transversus Wied. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. Ww. J.); Inverness, Mar. 14 (Robertson). Eristalis vinetarum Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 16 (Davis). Meromacrus acutus Fabr. (M. crucigerus Wied.) St. Augustine, and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Chokoloskee, May; Lakeland, May 6 (Dayis). _ Meromacrus ruficrus Wied. Chokoloskee; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Tropidia albistylum Macg. Lake Worth, and Charlotte Habis (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Feb. 5 (Robertson). Helophilus divisus Loew. Orlando, Feb. 22 (Robertadael; a 1913) Johnson, Insects of Florida. 69 _—- Helophilus-similis Macy. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Inverness, Feb. 12 (Robertson); Lake Worth, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Titusville, Nov. os Mallota cimbiciformis Fall. Inverness, Feb. 12 (Robertson). ___‘Xylota analis Will. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, ___ Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Referred in error to X. ejuncida in my previous list. K= _ Kylie pigra Fabr. “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness Feb. 8, " Milesia vingitionsis Drury. (M. ornata Fabr.) St. Augustine, Jacksonville, May 22, and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Inverness a Mar. 12, Apr. 5 (Robertson); Ormond and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); gy Georgiana (Whitfeld); Everglade, Apr. 7, Lakeland, May 6 (Davis). Spilomyia hamifera Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Inverness, Mar. 6 (Robertson). _ Ceriodes abbreviata Loew. (Ceria abbreviata.) “ Florida” (Willis- tn’ Ceriodes signifera Loew. (Ceria signifera.) Inverness, Feb. 12, 14 Ceriodes willistonii Kahl. “ Florida.” CONOPID. _ Conops brachyrhyncus Macg. St. Augustine. -Conops bulbirostris Loew. St. Augustine. Conops excisus Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Crescent City, July 2 (Hubbard); Inverness, Mar. 18 (Robertson); Charlotte Harbor and Pensacola, Mar. and April (Mrs. Slosson); Marco, Apr. 21 (Davis). Physocephala castanoptera Loew. St. Augustine. _ Physocephala sagittaria Say. Inverness, Feb. 8 (Robertson); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Physocephala tibialis Say. Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Zodion fulvifrons Say. Lake Worth and Ormond, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Zodion nanellum Loew. Inverness, Feb. 9 (Robertson). ‘Stylogaster biannulata Say. Tallahassee, Aug. 8 (A. P. Morse). Dalmannia vitiosa Cog. Inverness, Mar. 25 (Robertson). OESTRID. Cuterebra americana Fabr. “ Florida,” April 5, 1895 (J. Akhurst). Cuterebra buccata Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Chokoloskee _ (E. G, Cove). 70 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Cuterebra fontinella Clark. (C. cuniculi? of my previous list.) St. Augustine. TACHINIDA. Trichopoda lanipes Fabr. (2) (7. formosa Wied, o.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Miami, May 26 (Laurent); Biscayne Bay, and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Punta Rossa, Apr. 3. Trichopoda cilipes Wied. “Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Enterprise Apr. 16 (Laurent). Trichopoda pennipes Fabr. (7. ciliata and pyrrhogaster Wied.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, and Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson); Georgiana, July (Whitfeld); Lakeland, May 6 (Davis). Trichopoda plumipes Fabr. (7. histrio. Walk. and T. trifasciata Loew.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Mar. 18 (Robertson). The genera Galactomyia and Polistomyia Towns. seem to be based on characters too slight for permanency. Myophasia atra Desv. Clytia atra Desv. Myodaires, 288, 1830. Tachina aenea Meigen Auss. Zweifl., II, 298, 1830, not Meigen 1824, Orlando; Jacksonville, Nov. 3; Crescent City, Apr. 21; Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Myophasia metallica Towns. (Phasioclista metallica and Clista americana Towns.) St. Augustine, May 21 (C. W. J.); Orlando and Inverness, Mar. 15-22 (Robertson); Ft. Myers, Nov. 19. Myophasia globosa Towns. (Loewia globosa.) Inverness, Mar. 3-20 (Robertson); Jacksonville, May 9. The synonymy given by authors under Myophasia enca Wied (1830), is a very good example of the evils of the genus making craze, in which species and the rules of nomenclature are ignored, while in attempting to unravel intricacies, characters of specific value have gone down with the genera. A large series shows apparently three or four good species, but the genera are hopeless, as they are based on variable or secondary sexual characters. | Hyperecteina demylus Wall. (Masicera demylus.) “ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Hyperecteina polita Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Paradmontia brevis Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Chetophleps rostrata Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Hypostena floridensis Zowns. (Tachinophyto floridensis and De- 1913.] Johnson, Insects of Florida. 71 geeria leucocyela- of my previous list.) St. Augustine, Mar. 21, Tick Isl., May 12 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, bred from Schizocerus (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Mar. 27 (Robertson); LaBelle, Nov. 14. Hypostena indecisa Towns. (Pseudomyothyria indecisa.) Inverness, Mar. 3-5 (Robertson). Hypostena maculosa Cog. St. Augustine. Hypostena nitens Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Hypostena setinervis Coy. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Hypostena vanderwulpi Zowns. (Myothyria vanderwulpi.) Inver- ness, Feb. 12 (Robertson). Phasmophaga meridionalis Zowns. (Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer., II, 244, 1909). ‘“‘ Reared at Cutler, Florida, from Anisomorpha buprestoides, May 29, 1908.” (Townsend.) Leskia analis Say. (Myobia depile Coq.) Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville (Ashmead). Leskia thecata Cog. Jacksonville, Nov. 3; Clearwater, Apr. 30. Leskiomima tenera Wied. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Gstrophasia bilimekii B. & B. (Phasiopteryx bilimekii.) Georgiana (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Gstrophasia clausa B. & B. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith). Gstrophasia punctata Cog. (Clytomyia punctata.) Charlotte Harbor; Jacksonville, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Cestrophasia signifera |. d. Wulp. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Xanthomelanodes atripennis Say. (Xanthomelana atripennis.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Inverness, Feb. 11 (Robertson). Beskia wlops Wall. St. Petersburg, Aug. 12 (J. C. Bradley). This is placed in the genus Ocypterosipha by Townsend. While the third antennal joint in B. cornuta B. & B. is somewhat narrower than in this species, the making or retaining of genera on such slight characters seems deplorable. Epigrymyia floridensis owns. (Siphophyto floridensis.) Inverness, Mar. 1-29 (Robertson). Epigrymyia robertsonii TZowns. (Siphoclytia robertsonii.) Inver- ness, Mar. 13-27 (Robertson). Siphona geniculata DeGeer. (Siphona illinoisensis Towns.) In- verness, Feb. 12, Mar. 22 (Robertson). Plagiprospherysa floridensis Zowns. Inverness, Feb. 12, Mar, 21 (Robertson). Chetoglossa picticornis Towns. Inverness, Feb. 16-Apr. 4 (Robert- son). ~J bo Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Chetoglossa viole Towns. (C. nigripalpis Towns.) Inverness, Feb. 16—Mar. 26 (Robertson). Pachyophthalmus floridensis Towns. (P. trypoxylonis Towns., Sarcomacronychia floridensis Towns.) Inverness, Mar. 1-19 (Robertson) ; Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Pachyophthalmus signatus Meig. “ Florida” (Coquillett). Senotainia rubriventris Macg. (Miltogramma decisa Towns.) Jacksonville; Inverness, Mar. 10-16 (Robertson); Everglade, Apr. 5. Senotainia trilineata V.d.Wulp. (Miltogramma argentifrons Towns. M. cinerescens Towns.) Orlando, Mar. 16, and Inverness, Feb. 16—Mar. 20 (Robertson); Punta Gorda, Nov. 16; Ft. Meyer, Nov. 15. Biomyia aurigera Cog. (Masiphya aurigera.) “Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). Biomyia brasiliana B. & B. (Tachinomyia floridensis sgreajes St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Siphosturmia rostrata Cog. “ Florida” (Coquillett). Belvosia bifasciata Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Spe Belvosia slossonz Cog. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Aphria ocypterata Jowns. “ Florida’’ (Mrs. Slosson). Ocyptera caroline Desv. (0. euchenor Walk.) Inverness, Mas! 18 (Robertson). Nemorea smithi V.d. Wulp. (Arthrochaeta smithi.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). . Carcelia dorsalis Cog. (Evxorista dorsalis.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Carcelia flavirostris Vd. Wulp. (Evxorista flavirostris.) Ft. George (Coquillett). Carcelia pyste Wall. (Ezxorista pyste.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Phorocera claripennis Macg. (Phorocera edwardsii Will.) Inverness, Mar: 13 (Robertson); Crescent City. ; Phorocera tachinomoides Zowns. Miami (Townsend); Lake Mary, Mar. (Griffith). Phorocera melobosis Wall:. (Tachina ‘melobosis.) “ Florida” (Walker). Oxynops serratus Jowns. (Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XX, 110, 1912.) Biscayne Bay, Miami, Nov. 30 (Mrs. Townsend). The adult has not been described. Frontina aletiz Riley. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Frontina armigera Cog. (Achetoneura armigera.) Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). : — ea aS - a = 1013 * Johnson, Insects of Florida. 73 | Frontina rube Sachi isi (Achetoneura rubentis.) Jacksonville (Ash- : amen Worth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Miami, Oct. 25 __ Frontina irrequieta Walk. Jacksonville (Coquillett). _ Phasiopsis floridana Towns. (Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XX, 108, 1912.) Biscayne Bay, Miami, Nov. 4-29 (Townsend). The adult has - not been described. - Sturmia albifrons Wall. Centerville (Coquillett). _ Sturmia australis Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). -—s« Sturmia distincta Wied. (Masicera protoparcis Towns.) Inverness, Mar. 20 (Robertson). _ §Sturmia fraudulenta V.d. Wulp. “Florida ” (Coquillett). ‘Sturmia strigata V.d. Wulp. Jacksonville (Coquillett). _ Masicera pulverea Cog. “ Florida” (Coquillett). A _--Masicera sodalis V.d.Wulp. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). _-~—-s Acemyia dentata Cog. Georgetown, May 10 (C. W. J.); Biscayne - Pseudocheta argentifrons Cog. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). | _Exorista mella Walk. (Tachina mella Walk.; T. orgyie Towns.; -T. orgyiarum Towns.) “ Florida ” (Mrs. Slosson). _--—sC~WPlagiops littoralis Towns. (Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer., IV, 140, 1911, and Jour. N. Y. Entom. soc., XX, 107, 1912.) Ocean Beach, Miami, __- Noy. 9 to 22 (Townsend). The adult has not been described. We ear- nestly hope that Mr. Townsend will live long enough and will be able to straighten out his genera and species based on “eggs and dissection of uterus.” The making of genera and species in this manner cannot be too strongly condemned. 5 Blepharipeza leucophrys Wied. ( Thysanomyia inermis of the former list.) Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). _ Winthemia quadripustulata Fabr. (Carcelia lucania Kirk.) St. _ Augustine and Georgetown, May 10 (C. W. J.); Lakeland, Mar. 28. Paradidyma singularis Towns. (Atrophopoda singularis.) Inverness, _ Mar. 1 (Robertson); Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). _ Atrophopalpusangusticornis Zowns. Inverness, Mar. 3-19 ae son); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). a Hilarella polita Towns. (Gymnoprosopa polita and G. argentifrons - Towns.) Inverness, Mar. 1-22 (Robertson); Enterprise, Apr. 15 (Castle and Laurent). re Brachycoma intermedia 7owns. (Sarcotachinella intermedia.) Char- lotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); St. Petersburg, Apr. 10. Cnephalomyia floridana Towns. (Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer. IV, 74 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, 144, 1911 and Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XX, 113, 1912.) Miami, and White Springs, Oct., Noy. (Townsend). The adult has not been described. Gonia crassicornis Fabr. Punta Gorda, Nov. 17. Gonia pallens Wied. (G. angusta Macq.) “ So. Florida” (Townsend). Gonia senilis Will. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Spallanzania bucephala Meig. (S. hebes Rond., not Fallen; S. panza Snow.) St. Augustine. Spallanzania hesperidarum Will. (Acroglossa hesperidarum.) In- verness, Mar. 10-22 (Robertson). me Trichophora ruficauda )’. d. Wulp. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Cuphocera californiensis Macg. Lake Worth (Coquillett). Archytas aterrima Desv. (Jurinia smaragdina Macq.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Feb. 8, Mar. 22 (Robertson); Sanford, May 7. Archytas hystrix Fabr. (Jurinia hystrix asiit Archytas. -boscii: Desv.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Ft. Myers, Apr. 1 (Davis). Archytas lateralis Macg. St. Augustine (C. W. Z di South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Apr. 29. Jurinia adjusta V. d. Wulp. (J. metallica Coq. non Desy.), Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Jacksonville, Apr. 22, and Miami, Mar. 3 (Laurent). DEXIID. Prosenoides flavipes Cog. Lake Worth, Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); La Belle, Nov. 14. Gymnodexia zonata Cog. Jacksonville, May 22 (C. W. J.). Megaparia opaca Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Dexia triangularis V.d. Wulp. (Gymnodexia triangularis.) Juniper Creek, May 15, and Blountstown, pupa collected under decaying bark, Mar. 6, imago emerged Apr. 21 (C. W. J.). Dexia vertebrata Say. (Leptoda vertebrata.) Ormond, and Tein (Mrs. Slosson). Dexia abzoe Wali. Enterprise (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Dexia genuina |’. d. Wulp. Jacksonville (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Ptilodexia tibialis Desv. Crescent City, Apr. 21. Euantha liturata Olive. (EF. dives Wied.) St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Crescent City, Apr. 21. Theresia tandrec Desv. Jacksonville, May 22 (C. W. J.). Epidexia filamentosa Jowns. (Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc., XX, 112, a Johnson, Insects of Florida. 75 ! N12). On-flowers and leaves of the dwarf Emodea littoralis at Ocean across Biscayne Bay from Miami, Nov. 9 to 15, 1908 (Townsend). SARCOPHAGID. _ _Microchetina cinerea V’. d. Wulp. Ormond (Mrs.'Slosson). , Sarcophaga #gra Wall:. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). __. Sarcophaga assidus Walk. St. Augustine, Mar. and Palatka, May 19 _ (C. W. J.); Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Titusville, BS. Nov. 8; Jacksonville, Nov. 3. _ $arcophaga anxia Walk. “ Florida” (Mrs. Slosson). _ Sarcophaga cimbicis Zowns. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). ae ee fulvipes Macg. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay sh e ayein the adsigste descriptions there seems to be no definite character ae 40 separate the S. fulvipes Macq., 1843, from the S. fulvipes Walk., 1856. ‘The specimens, which are males, agree best with Macquart’s description. _--—s«s Sarcophaga incerta Wall. Miami, Oct. 22-Nov. 14 (Townsend). Sarcophaga plinthopyga Wied. Miami, Dec. 2 (Townsend). Sarcophaga sarracenie Riley. Ormond and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). _ Helicobia helicis Towns. Jacksonville, Charlotte Harbor, and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 21; Everglade, Apr. 15; Lake- land, Nov. 10; Ft. Myers, Nov. 13. _ Helicobia quadrisetosa Cog. Jacksonville. Sarcophagula imbecilla V. d. Wulp. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); _ Miami, Nov. 5, Titusville, Nov. 8, Lakeland, Nov. 10, and Punta Gorda, Nov. 15. oa Sarothromyia femoralis Schiner. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Miami, Nov. 8 (Townsend); St. Augustine (C. W. J.). _ Johnsonia elegans (og. St. Augustine. MUSCID. Chrysomyia macellaria Fabr. (Compsomyia macellaria.) The _ Serew-worm. Common. St. Augustine; Orlando; Inverness, Mar. 10-16; Punta Gorda; Ft. Myers, Nov. 16; Lakeland; Pablo Beach, Nov. 4; _ Sanford, Apr. 27; Clearwater, May 5. 76 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Chrysomyia certima Walk. “ Probably the same as Orthellia corni- cina”’ (Aldrich). . Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. St. Augustine. Calliphora viridescens Desv. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Lucilia cesar Linné. St. Augustine. Lucilia pilatei Hough. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, Nov. 3, Punta Gorda, Nov. 16. Lucilia sericata Meig. Orlando, Mar. 16 (Robertson); Jacksonville Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Orthellia cornicina Fabr. (Pseudopyrellia cornicina.) St. Augustine (C, W. J.); Ormond, Apr., and Orlando, Mar. 16 (Robertson). Musca domestica Linné. Common house fly, St. Augustine and Volusia, May 16 (C. W. J.); Inverness (Robertson). Synthesiomyia brasiliana B.& B. In acave, Citrus Co. (Hubbard); Charlotte Harbor, Lake Worth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Stomoxys calcitrans Linné. Stable fly. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Hematobia irritans Linné. (H. serrata Desv.) Horn fly, “On cow, Everglade Apr. 10, 1912 ” (Davis). ANTHOMYID. Ophyra enescens Wied. St. Augustine, Mar. and Volusia, May 14, Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Ophyra argentina Bigot. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ophyra leucostoma Wied. Jacksonville, Apr. — Fannia leucosticta Mcig. (Homalomyia brevis Rond.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Fannia canicularis Linné. (Homalomyia canicularis:) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Fannia femorata Loew. (Homalomyia femorata.) St. Johns River, May. ‘These were bred in large numbers from dead fresh water mollusea. Biscayne Bay, Feb. and Lake Worth, Jan. (Mrs. Slosson); Newberry, Nov. 19; Punta Gorda, Nov. 15 (Davis). Hyetodesia sp. Jacksonville, May 9. Limnophora arcuata Stein. De Funiak Springs, Mar. 1 (C. W. J.). Limnophora discreta Stein. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Lomnophora narona Waller. (Anthomyia narona Walk.; Leu- comelina garrula Giglio Tos.) St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.); Char- Johnson, Insects of Florida. 77 eF te Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Feb. 29 (Robertson); Crescent ty, Apr. 21; Everglade, Apr. 6. Pegomyia gopheri sp. n. male: Face and sides of the front white, frontal vitta wide, bright orange yellow, al triangle blackish; upper half of the occiput black, grayish pollinose, lower aif and cheeks white, a row of bristles extending from the vertex along the occipital bits ‘and angle of the cheeks to the vibrisse; frontal orbital bristles five, the two ee the middle one deflected and the two lower ones in- antennz, palpi and proboscis reddish. Thorax black, grayish pollinose; u rs ee en Ot ec eens Leeroce the meer eura, pteropleura and sternopleura, yellow, the remainder of the pleura and the a black, grayish pollinose; two humeral, one post-humeral. one pre-sutural, 5 Gessocenteals; a row of four smaller prescutellar bristles are present, also on ogi rh of se ch rain mesopleural row th or five bristles; sternopleural three; four small bristles above the fore cox, two on the propleura and two on the mesopleura. Scutellum yellow, with (sy Page agi lpia het two smaller discal bristles and numerous black hairs are also present. Abdomen brownish, with an blackish, dorsal line, narrowly interrupted by the yellowish posterior ‘margin of the segments; the entire abdomen covered with fine black hairs, larger and _ more bristle-like on the sides and posterior margins of the second and third segments; fourth segment with six marginal macrochzte and the fifth segment with four apical — and two subapical macrocheete. Legs yellow, with black hair; anterior femora with = extensor and flexor rows of bristles even, and from eight to nine in number; on and posterior femora the bristles are irregular, the middle femora with Taee sar the base, one bristle near the apex in front, two near the apex behind, and _ two on the under side near the middle; posterior femora with a rew of about ten extensor bristles, the underside with about two bristles near the apex, three near the middle (the two lower ones diverging) and one near the base; anterior tibia with three spurs and two bristles, the lower one near the middle; the middle tibia with six i: Ses ied fatness posterior in wit of the tibia from the apex and one . one third from the base; posterior tibia with six spurs and five bristles arranged similar to those on the middle tibia; metatarsi with a prominent bristle below near the Base. Halteres and alule yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline, cross veins slightly _ elouded, costal bristles and spur prominent. Length 6.5 mm, De Funiak Springs, Apr. 7, in the U. 8. National Museum. Para- s from Crescent City, Mar. 23, Clearwater, June 27, 1894, and De Funiak Springs . 7 (Hubbard), and Keene (Coquillet), are in the U. 8. National Museum and the 8 collection. = | During a visit to Washington in 1894, Mr. H. G. Hubbard gave me a ‘specimen of an Anthomyid from Crescent City, Fla., bred from the excre- ‘ment taken from the burrow of a large land tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), _ popularly known in Florida as the “Gopher.” The other insects asso- 78 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, ciated with this fly were described by Mr. Hubbard in ‘ Insect Life,’ Vol. VI, p. 302, 1894, with additional notes in 1895 (Proe. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. III, p. 299). In the latter paper he refers to the above species as follows: ‘“ A new fly, a species of Hylemyia, family Anthomyide, will be described by Mr. Coquillet. Its larva lives upon the dung of the gopher and the imagos, which I had previously overlooked, prove to be quite abundant in each of the localities which I have investigated.” Later I sent the specimen to Mr. Coquillett who returned it under No. 14 as “ Hylemyia gopheri Coq. ms. 9 I have not seen a oc.” The fact that he had only the one sex for study probably deterred him from deseribing the species. I should also hesitate to describe it were it not for the fact that the species is practically lost as it stands, and will continue so unless described. This faunal paper also presents an appropriate rae to again call attention to this interesting species. Eremomyia cylindrica Stein. Jacksonville, Nov. 3. Phorbia fusciceps Zett. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Orlando, Mar. (Robertson); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Jacksonville, Nov. 3. Phyllogaster cordyluroides Stein. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); St. Petersburg, Apr. 28. Caricea antica Walk. (C. insignis Stein.) St. Augustine, May 20, and Drayton Island, May 9 (C. W. J.); Inverness, Feb. (Robertson; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 19, Sanford, May 7, and Clearwater, May 1; Punta Gorda, Nov. 11, and Jacksonville, Nov. 3. Cenosia lata Walk. (C. canescens Stein.) Lake Worth (Mrs. Slos- son); St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, May 18; Lakeland, Novy. 10, and Punta Gorda, Nov. 17. : Cenosia antennalis Stein. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Cenosia nivea Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Inverness, Feb. (Robertson). Cenosia solita Walk. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Ceenosia ovata Stein. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Jacksonville, Apr. 18. This is the C. fuscopunctata of my previous list, as determined by Coquillett. The C. fuscopunctata of Mac- quart is a more northern species with pale slender palpi and yellow antenne. Cenosia steinin.n. This is the C. flavipes Stein, 1897, not Williston, 1896. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Crescent City, Apr. 20, and Sandford, May 7; Jacksonville May 9, and Lakeland, Nov. 10. Dexiopsis lacteipennis Zett. St. Augustine, Mar. 15. Schenomyza chrysostoma Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Schenomyza dorsalis Loew. De Funiak Springs, Mar. 1 (C. W. J.). Johnson, Insects of Florida. 79 Stein. St. Augustine, Mar. 15, and Georgetown 1 (C. W. J.). a sis] 3 ulginosa Fall. St. Augustine, Mar. 15, and Georgetown, May C.V V.J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). ‘ucellia marina Macg. (F. fucorum of authors, not Fallen.) St. , Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, Feb., and Lake Worth on). SCATOPHAGID 2. capillata Loew. (Cleigastra capillata.) St. Augustine. CLUSIODID&. os flavipes Will. (Heteroneura flavipes.) Lake Worth (Mrs. HELEOMYZID2. a Loew. Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. iis: Caguillett (Typespecies of N. Amer. Genera, p. 550), eae ST aeia toe aidenvm of Heleomyea Fall, 1810. Heleomyza of ee eens 1830. BORBORID. el fontinalis Fallen. (Limosina fontinalis.) St. Augustine, Mar. (C. W. J.); Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson); Lakeland, Nov. 10. _ Leptocera crassimana Haliday. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay . Leptocera venalicis 0. S. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). ... This fly is referred to by Mr. Hubbard in his paper on iditional notes on the insect guests of the Florida land Tortoise ” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. IIT, 299, 1895) as follows: “ There is also another m ‘nh +h smaller fly, which Mr. Coquillett pronounces a Limosina, family widae, the thread-like larva of which is always common in the dung idehithe gopher holes, but the imagos have not hitherto been bred.” _ Borborus sp. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). 80 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, SCIOMYZIDE. Sciomyza nana Fall. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Jan., Jacksonville, Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Sciomyza grisescens Meig. (S. humilis Loew). St. Augustine, Mar. 15, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Placed in the genus Ditenia by European authors. Sciomyza pubera Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15. Tetanocera umbrarum Linné. (7. pictipes Loew.) Jacksonville, Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Tetanocera spinicornis Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Jan. (Mrs. Slosson); Jacksonville. SAPROMYZIDA. Lonchea glaberrina Wied. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Lonchea cerulea Walk. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Lonchea polita Say. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Camptoprosopella verticalis Loew. (Pachycerina verticalis Loew. and Pachycerina clavipennis Coq.) St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay; Fort Myers, Nov. 13; Newberry, Nov. 19; Tampa, May 2. Lauxania cineracea Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Lauxania cylindricornis Fabr. Ft. Myers, Nov. 13. Lauxania facialis Cog. Lake Worth, and Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Lauxania gracilipes Loew. Jacksonville, Nov. 3. Lauxania latipennis Cog. Georgetown, May 16 (C. W. J.); Jackson- ville (Mrs. Slosson). Lauxania lutea (og. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Miami. Lauxania muscaria Loew. La Belle, Nov. 14. Lauxania flavida Wied. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Lauxania opaca Loew. Juniper Creek, May 15. Lauxania trivittata Loew. St. Augustine. Sapromyza compedita Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Sapromyza connexa Say. (S. bispinosa Loew.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Sapromyza resinosa Wied. “Florida,” collected by Mrs. Slosson (Coquillett). Johnson, Insects of Florida. 81 pnw Cog. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. sordida Wied. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. yza umbrosa Loew. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). ‘a valida Waller. hila valida Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, N. Ser. IV, 232, 1857. wyza macula Loew, Cent., X, 82, 1872. ine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay and Ft. Worth (Mrs. nor ous vittatus Loew. Jacksonville; Lakeland, Nov. 10; : Nov. 3 (Van Duzee). Trigonometopus reticulatus sp. n. cian is Sete ‘abe ob thn Sauk Uae Ms teen of the | reddish ; the first and second joint of the antenne brown, the third joint ee ore = ed arista white. Thorax and scutellum grayish nose with rows of four dorso-central bristles; scutellum with four marginal tles. Abdomen grayish pollinose and thickly covered with minute dots of black, = ig Legs brownish, posterior femora blackish, grayish pollinose, tarsi yel- ong peat knobs brownish. Wings a whitish hyaline, reticulated ws Pes > ay ORTALID. Pyrgota filiola Loew. Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Pyrgota undata Wied. Jacksonville; St. Marys, Apr. _ Pyrgota valida Harris. Ft. Myers, Apr. 26 (Davis). * _Amphitenephes pulla Wied. (A. pertusus Loew.) Georgetown, May W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson); St. Petersburg, Apr. 28; Marco, . 20. lll metallica Van der Wulp. (R. flavimanus Loew.) Sanford, ay 6. 82 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Rivellia floridana Johns. Drayton Isl., Lake George, May 9 (C. W. J.). Rivellia pallida Loew. St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.); Georgiana (Whitfeld). Rivellia quadrifasciata Macg. Volusia and Drayton Isl., May 9-11 (C. W. J.); Ormond, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Rivellia variabilis Loew. Drayton Isl., Juniper Creek and Volusia, May 9-11 (C. W. J.); Ormond and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Clear- water, Apr. 24; St. Petersburg, Apr. 28; Everglade, Apr. 25. Senopterina varia Cog. (Stenopterina bicolor Johns.) Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Camptoneura picta Fabr. St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.); Cedar Keys, Feb. 14, Lake Worth, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, Apr. 23. Tephronota narytia Walk. (Trypeta narytia Walk., 1849, Hermia ruficeps V. d. Wulp., 1867, and. Tephronota humilis Loew, 1878). St. Augustine, Mar. 15, Georgetown, May 9, and Lake Worth, Mar. Ces. Slosson); Orlando, Mar. 16 (Robertson). Tetanops luridipennis Loew. Jacksonville, May 9. Acrostica fulvipes Cog. Charlotte Harbor (U.S. N. M.). Euxesta abdominalis Loew. Atlantic Beach, and Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta annone Fabr. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Lake Worth, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta basalis Walk. Lake Worth, Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta nitidiventris Loew. Charlotte Harbor, Mar., Ormond, Lake Worth, and Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta notata Wied. Jacksonville; Inverness, Feb. 10 (Robertson). Euxesta quaternaria Loew. Lake Worth, on cocoanut palm, and Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta scoriacea Loew. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Ever- glade, Apr. 9. Euxesta spoliata Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Euxesta tenuissima Hend. Jacksonville, Apr. 18. Euxesta thome Loew. Ft. Myer, Nov. 18; Lemon City, on pine apple, Apr. 26. Chetopsis #nea Wied. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Chetopsis fulvifrons Macg. St. Augustine, and Volusia, May 11 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, Apr. 18. Johnson, Insects of Florida. 83 Chetopsis satealie Hehe St. Augustine, May 20 (C. W. J.); Or- hetops a Loew. Miami, Nov. 5; South Bay, Lake Okee- e, May 2 (Davis). Chetopsis tenuis Loew. (Stenomyia tenuis.) Jacksonville (Mrs. following table, taken from the manuscript of a paper on the Ortalide in course of preparation, may aid in defining more clearly our y pes of the genus Chetopsis. Two of the species have not been recorded fr ida, although one of them will undoubtedly be found there. Dai Glnck bande. .20)0000..0)22..90 1 OR... 2. lings with two black bands, the apical band occupying all of the wing beyond © posterior cross vein; body slender...............60.0sseeseeseeeeeees 5. ing with only the small apical band distinct............. apicalis Johnson. femora and tibie black; marginal cell between the middle and apical bands tirel ly black. _ (Canada to New Jersey.)......-......+.+.+++. massyla Walk. e middle and apical bands more or less ae CO pee he 3. do ne tak SER ETRE Ee OSES Ly S| Ce 4. men with the first and second segments yellowish Moran Shree debilis Loew. Frontal orbital bristles 5 to 6 in number, two pairs of small frontal bristles present; on band of the wing extending beyond the fifth a ryateerpae vein 2 enea W ied. vein... ac tN ns Ne ales. sig bce w's wien s Mb fulvifrons Macq. i 5. aa black; the middle hyaline band of the wing indistinct, and want- ___ ing behind the fifth longitudinal vein......................4-. tenuis Loew. _ Front red, with small orbital and frontal bristles; the middle, whitish, hyaline band of the wing distinct, broad, and extending to the posterior margin; length _ 55mm. (Tifton, Ga., Sept. 1; Dacosta, N. J., July 3)...........- hendeli sp. n. _ Bumetopiella varipes Loew. (Eumetopia varipes.) Biscayne Bay, . and Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Titusville, Nov. 8. _ Cyrtometopa ferruginea Macg. Crescent City, Apr. TRYPETID. _ Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerst. Miami (U.S. Nat. Mus.). peaprephs acidusa Walk. (Acrotara? acidusa.) “ Florida,’ in *n Sacken’s Catalogue, 1878. illesrephe electa Say. “ Florida” (Osten Sacken). Gdaspis polita Loew. Jacksonville, Apr. Gdaspis setigera Cog. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). S4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Aciura insecta Loew. Lake Worth, Jan., and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Key Largo, Nov. 6; Miami, Nov. 5; Estero; Everglade, Apr. 15. Carphotricha culta Wied. St. Augustine, May, on thistle (C. W. J.); Ormond, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson); Jacksonville, Apr. Eurosta solidaginis Fitch. Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Eurosta fenestrata Snow. St. Augustine (C. W. J.). Neaspilota achillew Johns. Pebbly Beach, Jacksonville, May 9. Neaspilota signifer Coy. Pebbly Beach, Jacksonville, May 9. Neaspilota vernonie Loew. Inverness, Mar. 19 (Robertson). Ensina picciola Bigot. (FE. humilis Loew.) Jacksonville, Nov. 3; Lake Worth; Miami, Nov. 5; Key Largo, Nov. 6; Key West, Nov. 6, Everglade, Apr. 6 (Davis). Tephritis fucata Fabr. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Jacksonville; Newberry, Nov. 19; Estero. Tephritis picturata Snow. “ Florida” (Snow). Euaresta bella Loew. Drayton Isl., May 9, and Tick Isl., May 12 (C. W. J.); Pebbly Beach, Jacksonville, May 9, and Estero. Euaresta mexicana Wied. Biscayne Bay, Mar., and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). ee hi Urellia abstersa Loew. Key West, Feb. 3; Newberry, Nov. 19. Urellia mevarna Walk. Biscayne Bay, and Lake Worth, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Mar. 9-22 (Robertson); Jacksonville, Nov. 3. MICROPEZIDE. Micropeza producta Walk. Jacksonville, Apr. Colobata antennipes Say. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Colobata fasciata Fabr. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Everglade, Apr., “ In sugar trap ” (Davis). Colobata lasciva Fabr. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Jacksonville, Apr.;. Atlantic Beach, Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City (Hubbard); Ft. Myers, Nov. 13; Sanford, May 7. Colobata nebulosa Loew. St. Augustine, and Juniper Creek, May 15 (C. W. J.); Charlotte Harbor, Feb., and Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Colobata varipes Johnson. Jacksonville, May 22. a ee Johnson, Insects of Florida. 85 nt SEPSID2. oul “iepals insularis Will. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). a Ron vicaria Walker. St. Augustine and Inverness, Feb. 10 (Robert- PSILID. Chiliza similis sp. n. # edie: Head reddish, face and cheeks light yellow; ocelli, two small spots cy below the antennz and two larger spots in the oral opening, black; antennz yellowish 7 “the second joint dark brown. Thorax reddish, shining, thinly covered with whitish _ hairs and finely punctate. Abdomen reddish, with a black lateral margin; covered __ with fine whitish hairs and minute punctures. Legs yellow, base of the femora and eS Coxe whitish. Halteres white. Wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm. One specimen, Belleair, Mrs. Slosson. 3 : This species resembles Chiliza apicalis Loew, but lacks the conspicuous apical clouding on the wings and the broad black stripe on the pleura. EPHYDRID. Dicheta brevicauda Loew. St. Augustine. ___ Dichwtafurcata Cog. Biscayne Bay, and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). _ Notiphila carinata Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Or- _mond (Mrs. Slosson). _ Notiphila scalaris Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Notiphila erythrocera Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); St. Misetne (C. W. J.). Paralimna appendiculata Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Crescent City (Van Duzee); Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Paralimna decipiens Loew. Crescent City, Titusville; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Mossillus nana Walk.? (Ephydra nana Walk.) Punta Gordon (Davis); Ormond, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). 86 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Gastrops nebulosus Cog. Atlantic Beach, Biscayne Bay, and Bel- leair (Mrs. Slosson). Psilopa aciculata Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Psilopa flavida Cog. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Psilopa similis Cog. Biscayne Bay. Psilopa atrimanus Loew. Miami, Nov. 5. Psilopa pulchripes Loew. Lakeland. Discocerina leucoprocta Loew. Atlantic Beach, and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Discocerina parva Loew. Atlantic Beach, Biscayne Bay, and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Hydrella atroglauca Cog. Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Hydrella hypoleuca Loew. Jacksonville, Lake Worth, and mapa dei Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Hydrella scapularis Loew. -Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Nostima slossonz Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Philygria picta Fall. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Ochthera cuprilineata Will. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ochthera exsculpta Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Inverness, Mar. (Robertson). Ochthera rapax Loew. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Ochthera tuberculata Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. 15 (C. W. J.). Brachydeutera argentata Wall. (B.dimidiata Loew.) Lake Worth and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Parydra quadrituberculata Loew. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Parydra pinguis, Walk. St. Augustine. Ephydra austrina Cog. Ser (Coquillett); Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Ephydra pilicornis Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Ephydra subopaca Loew. Charlotte Harbor, Feb. (Mrs. Slosson). Scatella lugens Loew. Ormond, Biscayne Bay, and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Caenia spinosa Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). Caenia virida Hine. Everglade (Van Duzee). Lepocheta slossone Cog. Punta Gorda, and Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Johnson, Insects of Florida. 87 OSCINID. a americana Fitch. St. Augustine. abdominalis Cog. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). _ Chlorops assimilis Macg. (C. trivialis Loew.) St. Augustine .V W. 3); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson); Newberry, Nov. 10. hlorops grata Loew. St. Augustine. | : melanocera Loew. Jacksonville. ‘ D1 pubescens Loew. St. Augustine (C. W.J.); Orlando, 16 (Robertson) ; Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). _ Chlorops unicolor Loew. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). (Anthracophaga) sanguinolenta Loew. Lake Worth lates capax Cog. “Florida” (U. S. Nat. Mus.). E sconvexus Loew. St. Augustine, Mar. (C. W. J.); Biscayne ‘ne Slosson); Runnymede. Larve in burrows in sugar cane (Coquil- ; Hippelates stramineus Loew. Belleair (Mrs. Slosson). Crassiseta costata Loew. St. mean Mar. Ritecsiacts attenuate Ads. Ciel (Mrs. Slosson). opgeenien formosa Loew. Ormond (Mrs. Slosson). i frontalis Cog. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). teste nigricornis Loew. Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson). Gaurax anchora Loew. Rockledge, Feb. 6. Gaurax ephippium Zett. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Siphonella cinerea Loew. Charlotte Harbor, Jacksonville, and Bis- ne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). 88 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Oscinis carbonaria Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Oscinis coxendix Fitch. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). Oscinis dorsata Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Oscinis pallipes Loew. Jacksonville, bred from a plant of artichoke (Ashmead). Oscinis soror Macg. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). DROSOPHILIDE. Sigaloéssa flaveola Cog. Biscayne Bay, Feb. (Mrs. Slosson). Leucophenga quadrimaculata Walk. (Drosophila quadrimaculata Walk.) Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Leucophenga vittata Cog. (Drosophila vittata Cog.) Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Drosophila adusta Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). : Drosophila ampelophila Loew. St. Augustine (C. W. J.); Ormond, Jacksonville, Charlotte Harbor, and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Drosophila busckii Cog. Jacksonville, Apr. (Mrs. Slosson). Drosophila guttifera Walk. ‘“ Florida” (Walker). Drosophila maculosa Cog. Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson). Drosophila pronemis Will. Atlantic Beach (Mrs. Slosson). Drosophila repleta Wollaston. (D. punctulata Loew, D. adspersa Mik.) St. Augustine, Mar. (C. W. J.); Ormond, Jacksonville and Lake Worth (Mrs. Slosson); Key West. Drosophila slossonz Cog. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Phortica hirtifrons sp. n. Female: Head dull yellow, front quite thickly and evenly covered with short black hairs; two fronto-orbital bristles on the extreme upper part of the front, the lower one deflected and the upper one reflected;. three vertical bristles on each side, the two outer ones reflected, the inner one slightly inflected, the two ocellar bristles slightly deflected; antennz yellow, margins of the third joint and the arista brown. Thorax dull yellow, quite thickly and evenly covered with short black hairs; two humeral, one notopleural, one supraalar, two interalar, one doisocentral, one post- acrostical, one postalar and two sternopleural bristles. Scutellum yellow glabrous, with four marginal bristles. Abdomen brown (the basal third yellowish) and evenly covered with short black hairs. Legs yellow, with fine blackish hairs. Halteres yellow. Wings brownish hyaline. Length, 4 mm. Two specimens, Crescent City, Apr. 21, 1908 (M. C. Van Duzee). Holotype ‘in the American Museum of Natural History. Falpein. Teco Florida. 89 ‘ yollinosa Will. Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth (Mrs. F iata Gorda, Nov: 11. GEOMYZID&. E Spltcchros ornata Johnson. (Heterochroa ornata.) Drayton Island, a ay 9 (C. Ww. J.); Biscayne Bay, Mar. (Mrs. Slosson); Crescent City, AGROMYZIDZ. omyza eneiventris Fall. Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth (Mrs. |; Titusville, Nov. 8; Miami, Nov. 5; Key Largo, Nov. 6. myza jucunda v. d. Wulp. Georgetown, May 9 (C. W. J.); ¢ Bay (Mrs. Slosson). omyza melampyga Loew. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Agromyza neptis Loew. “Fla.” (Coquillett). Agromyza setosa Locw. Palatka, May 19. Agromyza terminalis (og. Welaka, May 9. Agromyza trifolii Burgess. Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Agromyza viridula Cog. Titusville, Nov. 6. eee m-nigrum Zett. Biscayne Bay and Fort Worth ‘Milichiella arcuata Loew. (Lobioptera arcuata.) Ormond and scayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Milichiella lacteipennis Loew. (Lobioptera lacteipennis.) Char- tte Harbor and Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). ee Pholeomyia indecora Loew. (Lobioptera indecora.) Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Pholeomyia robertsoni (og. Inverness (Robertson). ____ Leucopis bella Loew. Horse Landing, St. Johns River, May 17 _«C. W. J.); Crescent City (Hubbard); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). _ Leucopis nigricornis Egger. “ Florida’ (Coquillett). Acrometopa punctata Cog. Jacksonville (Mrs. Slosson). 90 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII. HIPPOBOSCIDE. Ornithomyia anchineuria Speiser. (0. pallida Say, 1823, not Latreille 1811.) This species is found on reed birds and red-winged black- birds. Ornithoctona erythrocephala Leach. St. Augustine. Olfersia americana Leach. St. Augustine on screech owl (C. W. J.); Miami, Mar. 23 (Laurent). Olfersia albipennis Say. St. Augustine, Nov. 8, 1887, on the white heron (C. W. J.); Biscayne Bay (Mrs. Slosson). Olfersia sp. St. Augustine, on the chuck-will’ cuties Pseudolfersia maculata Cog. St. Augustine, on the fish hawk. STREBLID. Trichobius major Cog. Gum cave, Citrus Co., on bats (H. G. Hub- bard). NYCTERIBIID. Nycteribia bellardi Rond. Crescent City (Hubbard). Found on bats. | 56.81.9T .— TYRANNOSAURUS, RESTORATION AND MODEL OF THE SKELETON.' By Henry Farrrrecp Osporn. Puiates IV-VI. previous contributions’ the structure of Tyrannosaurus has been cribed; in the present paper a restoration model is published; on the two skeletons secured by Mr. Barnum Brown in the Upper ; of Montana. mounting of these two skeletons presents mechanical problems of difficulty. The size and weight of the various parts are enormous. t of the head in the standing position reaches from 18 to 20 feet ground; the knee joint alone reaches 6 feet above the ground. les are massive; the pelvis, femur and skull are extremely heavy. with Brontosaurus and with other large dinosaurs proves that ossible to design a metallic frame in the right pose in advance of ng the parts. Even a scale restoration model of the animal as a does not obviate the difficulty. in preparing to mount Tyrannosaurus for exhibition a new Bs ond mines ts ml prepare a scale model of every bone man of the artistic staff of the Department of Vertebrate Palx- yy of the Museum, who has prepared two very exact models to a sixth scale, representing our two skeletons of Tyrannosaurus rex, which mately are of exactly the same size. A series of three experiments by Christman on the pose of Tyrannosaurus, under the direction of the jor and Curator Matthew, were not satisfactory. The advice of Mr. nond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles in the New York Zodlogical 1 Fourth contribution by the author on Tyrannosaurus. _ # Tyrannosaurus and Other Cretaceous Carnivorous Dinosaurs. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. t., Vol. XXI, Art. xiv, Oct. 4, 1905, pp. 259-265. “i. urus, Upper Cretaceous Carnivorous Dinosaur (Second Communication). 9 soy ‘Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, Art. xvi, July 30, 1906, pp. 281-296. Editorial ‘Nature, Vol. 74, No. 1921, Aug. 23, 1906, p. 416. and Allosaurus. Contributions No. 3.) 91 92 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol.XXXII. Park, was sought and we thus obtained the fourth pose, which is shown in — | the photographs published herewith. The fourth pose or study, for the proposed full sized mount, is that of two reptiles of the same size attracted to the same prey. One reptile is crouching over its prey (which is represented by a portion of a skeleton). The object of this depressed pose is to bring the perfectly preserved skull and pelvis very near the ground within easy reach of the visiting observer. — The second reptile is advancing, and attains very nearly the full height of the animal. The general effect of this group is the best that can be had and is very realistic, particularly the crouching figure. A fifth study will . embody some further changes. The upright figure is not well balanced — and will be more effective with the feet closer together, the legs straighter and the body more erect. These reptiles have a series of strong abdominal ribs not shown in the models. The fourth position places the pelvis in an almost impossible position as will be noted from the ischium and pubis. The lateral view (Plate IV) of this fourth pose represents the animals just prior to the convulsive single spring and tooth grip which distinguishes __ the combat of reptile from that of all mammals, according to Mr. Ditmars. — The rear view of the standing skeleton (Plate V) displays the peculiarly avian structure of the iliac junction with the sacral plate, characteristic of these very highly specialized dinosaurs, also the marked reduction of the upper end of the median metatarsal bone, which formerly was believed to be peculiar to Ornithomimus. The only portion of the skeleton of these remarkable animals as here restored which does not rest on actual knowledge is the manus, which is entirely restored. ‘Opis BYF 4YV payBorIpul SUOJO[OXs jeusu0 jo WYPoFY “O7is PBINywU |IXIS UO ‘su0jo}oys porppour oy} WoO1y a ‘MGIA GGIG + ‘dNOUur) SAUNAVSONNVHAL, Betretix A. M. N. H. Vor. XXXII, Prate V. ——— Ee 1sft 549Cm we ae Tyrannosaurus Group. Rear View or Erecr SKELETON. From the reduced models. Height of original skeletons indicated at side. Buireti~x A. M. N. H. Vor. XXXII[, Prare VI TYRANNOSAURUS Group. REAR View or CroUCHING SKELETON From the reduced model. Height of original skeletons indicated at side soit | Article V.— NEW ACARINA. 2AL CONSIDERATIONS anp Descriptions or New Species FROM MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, AND MICHIGAN. By H. E. Ewrna. Puates VII anp VIII. CONTENTS AND OUTLINE. = P P 93 i ‘ i OF and Development 95 and Terminology 98 RP : % 106 of New Species... 111 ‘ a 121 PREFACE. er here presented constitutes the first of a series to be published ig chiefly with the acarid fauna of North America; and, as the title the series will treat entirely of new material. In order that the be more uniform, more complete, and hence more helpful, the es will be used in the writing of the different parts. Each part with the fauna of some particular geographical district. There mn with each description the locality, situation, and the name of or, for each record made of the species. Keys will be published re re than one species are described in a single genus. Each de- ption will be accompanied with either comparisons or with the naming th sageniad related described species; and finally, extensive illustra- ans collectors. Thus far several specialists working in other eenewods have sent the writer an abundance of material col- id from many places in North America. Special mention should be of the following: Dr. J. W. Folsom, assistant professor in the Uni- ity of Illinois; Mr. C. A. Hart, systematic entomologist of the Illinois | te | Aboratory of Natural History; Mr. J. Douglas Hood, now with the ureau of Biological Survey. U. S. Department of Agriculture; Mr. James tek, Messrs. R. D. and Hugh Glasgow, students at the University of O4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Illinois; Mr. J. E. Guthrie, assistant professor in the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts; Mr. R. L. Webster, assistant ento- mologist, Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station; Mr. C. R. Crosby, assistant professor in Cornell University; and Dr. A. O. Gross, recently a fellow at Harvard University. | In closing bis prefatory remarks the writer would like to add that he realizes that a heavy burden has been shouldered in undertaking such a series, but hopes that the work can be carried on until much, if not the most, of our acarid fauna is made known to science. INTRODUCTION. Of the various orders which go to make up the class Arachnida none is richer in number of species or individuals than the order Acarina; yet concerning the life of these much yet remains to be learned. In this group are found species so minute that they are microscopic, yet others that are much too large to be mounted on microscope slides. The order includes the small, dark, hard-shelled beetle mites; the soft bodied cheese mites; the long-beaked snout mites; the bright, velvety harvest mites; and the brilliantly colored water mites. Among the mites of economic importance are the red spiders, which attack cultivated plants; the gall mites, which by their ravages cause the distortion of the leaves of trees, ete.; the ticks, several of which are now known to be carriers of deadly protozoan diseases; the itch mites, which cause the “scab” of sheep and swine and the “scaly leg” of poultry; the Dermanysside, or mite lice, of birds and chickens. Not all the families which are of economic importance are detrimental, however; some are beneficial. Among these are the predaceous mites which destroy the eggs and young of some of our worst scale insects, and others which attack flies, aphids, ete. To sucha class belong the Bdellide, Eupodide, many of the Gamaside, Cheyletide, etc. Just how many species of Acarina there are in North America, it can only be very roughly estimated. At present considerably over 600 species have been described, but almost all of these have been collected in a hap- hazard way from the eastern part of the United States. These 600 species probably do not represent much more than one half the total number exist- ing in this area, so that it is safe to say that an estimation of 1,000 species for that part of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains is none too high. Concerning the rest of the fauna, in the past, we have had too few data to make any reliable estimate. Recently, however, the writer has come into possession of large collections from the Pacific Coast. An examination of these has shown that the Pacific Coast fauna is about as ss ee A i Ewing, New Acarina. 95 | s that of the eastern United States, and that in a large ty ‘of cases the species are new. From this we should expect almost cies from that part of the United States west of the Rocky Moun- ot: to that of New York, as has been revealed by Banks's work on s from Ontario. Judging from our knowledge of the tropical en done in these parts. If the writer were to make an estimate of al number of species in North America, he would certainly place it at r, , usually the smaller part, is called the cephalothorax; the posterior, “the larger part, is called the abdomen. The cephalothorax and the a are broadly united, and i in some instances it is impossible to tell a feten the spiders end some of the other Arechnids. j Cephalothorax. The cephalothorax is large, and contains besides the h-parts and the two front pairs of legs, various sense organs, including eyes and various kinds of tactile bristles. Internally it contains the \, cesophagus, crop, tracheal trunks, salivary glands, and the large eles controlling the mouth-parts and legs. - The abdomen may be either spherical, oblong-oval, or ectangular. It has various superior, lateral, and inferior structures which . ce described in the next chapter. Although in some species the abdo- nen is densely clothed with hairs or plumose bristles, yet in other species Be sahrows and quite shiny. It is still a question as to whether the Sag bears the last two pairs of legs. In many families, the e for example, it apparently does. og These vary greatly i in shape and number of segments. Except the Eriophyide, four pairs are always present in the adult. The number Segments found in a single leg varies from three to seven. In many of genera, especially in the parasitic groups, the legs have become adapted 96 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, as clasping structures. In the Hydrachnide, the legs aie adapted for swimming. Various tarsal appendages are present, which will be described later. INTERNAL Srructures. The internal organs found in the Acarina are very similar to those found in some of the other arachnid groups. As a whole they are simple, though this is not always true. They are compact, in conformity with the general shape of the body. Respiratory System. The respiratory system when present consists of either a branched, tubular tracheal system opening through a few stigmata, as found in insects, or of an unbranched tubular system with each trachea ending in a minute air sac. Several families have no trachee. Digestive System. The digestive system is the largest and most important of all the systems of internal organs found in the Acarina. It consists first of a sucking pharynx with walls more or less chitinized. Behind the pharynx is the cesophagus, a long, non-muscular, non-chitinous tube, which passes from the pharynx to the ventriculus, or stomach. Sometimes the posterior part of the cesophagus is enlarged into a crop, as in insects. The ventriculus is a very large, sac-like structure, which may bear from one to three pairs of pouches, or ceca, similar to those found in spiders or Phalangidea; but these pouches are not so prominent as they are in these other arachnids. Behind the ventriculus comes the small intestine, and ‘at its junction with the large intestine, or the rectum, are situated the Malpighian vessels. The Malpighian vessels are not always present, however. The large intestine, or rectum, is the last region of the digestive tube. It is muscular and usually without secreting cells. Excretory System. As has been mentioned, Malpighian vessels are present in some of the Acarina. These vessels are two in number, and are large in diameter as compared with those of insects. Their function has been demonstrated to be excretory, at least in part. Besides the Malpighian vessels there is in some of the Acarina an excretory organ which opens at the supposed anus. In such cases the intestine ends blindly and in part surrounds this excretory structure. Large, lateral hypodermal glands, which secrete a liquid substance have been demonstrated. Their function may be excretory. Reproductive Organs of the Male. The male reproductive organs are very large. The most notable feature in regard to the male reproductive system is the frequent presence of enormous accessory glands, the functions of which in most cases are not known. ‘The testes, usually two in number, are large and often are fused together; the vasa deferentia lead from the testes to the penis. The penis varies enormously in shape and structure in the different families. It may be fleshy and protrusible in much the same __. Ewing, New Acarina, 97 met —_ ne as the ovipositor; or it may be hard and chitinous, and lance- or ive Organs of the Female. The reproductive organs of the le consis “gr the ovaries, oviducts, oviducal glands, and the ovipositor. ¢ va ries are rather large and essentially paired. The oviducts are 1s, convoluted structures which convey the ova to the ovipositor. ore is present in some instances a large oviducal gland which apparently etes much of the yolk of the egg. The ovipositor when present may be ry long. In repose it lies within the body, but is protrusible, and often | ae at its distal end. srvous System. The nervous system consists of large supra- and sub- jophageal ganglia which may be fused, and of numerous nerves which in te from this central mass. These nerves are distributed largely to the ss, the palpi, and the sense organs. y other organs, the functions of which are more or less doubtful, are bf inside the body, and besides, much of the internal space is taken up yy oF sewrertl striated muscles which move the legs, mouth-parts, digestive, and reproductive organs. Z Devetorment. The following stages, or instars, are recognized in the elopment of practically all the Acarina: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. ‘some instances there may be two nymphal instars, and in others three. zg eggs may be laid before the larva hatches, or the mother may give birth to living larvee, or the larval stage apparently may be passed within t e body of the mother. és a The Egg. The eggs of mites are rather large as a rule in proportion to the ‘size of the female, They are generally either spherical or oblong-oval, and “os furnished with spines or hooks. In number, the eggs laid by ngle female may vary from 3 or 4 to as many as 10,000 according to the up or species. ‘os Larva. The larva has only six legs. As a rule the form of the larva ests that of the adult. In many instances the larve of free-living ipa nts are parasitic. ‘a r The Nymph. The nymph has four pairs of legs. It is not always easy, hi r, to distinguish the nymph from the adult. As a rule it is considera- : ‘smaller, and generally differs from the adult in having no external genitalia. Some nymphs are different from the adults in coloration. Such : the case in the egen of many of the Osibasoides. ric Fi nymphs 98 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. _[Vol. XXXII, the tritonymph. These nymphs are usually much alike, however, and sometimes are very similar to the adult. The Adult. When there is a marked metamorphosis of the nymph it is easy to distinguish the adult, after one knows the life history of a single species in the group. In other cases it is very hard to tell the nymphs from the adults. In the case of the female the presence of a mature ovum, which can usually be seen through the walls of the body, will show that the specimen is adult. The presence of the external genitalia also is a sign of maturity. When none of these characters are available, much can be told from the size, coloration, and texture of the integument, provided one is already acquainted with some of the members of the group to which the new individual belongs. The adults are as a rule larger and better armed than the nymphs. There is frequently a great difference between the sexes in size, form, etc., though in some groups the sexes are alike. As regards numbers, the two sexes appear to be about equal. EXTERNAL ANATOMY AND TERMINOLOGY. In order to make this work more complete, more understandable, and more accessible to the general student of entomology, short descriptions and figures of the most important external structures used in systematic work on the Acarina are given. A large number of these structures are found - only in single families or in a few cases only in certain important genera. Capitulum. The anterior portion of the cephalothorax containing the mouth-parts — and a few other structures, when this portion is constricted off from the rest of the cephalothorax is termed the capitulum. It is present in only the Ixodide and Tarsonemide. (See Fig. 3, A and C). Cephalothoraz. Movuts-parts (Fig. 2). The anterior ventral appendages of the cephalo- thorax which have the functions of touch, taste, and mastication. Chelicere (chel., Figs. 1, 2, and 6). The most anterior paired appendages of the cephalothorax; typically chelate in form, frequently retractile, and used in grasping, tearing, cutting, and chewing. Stylet (sty., Fig. 2). One or both of the arms of one of the chelicerse when they have become modified into needle-like piercing structures. Apophyses (apo., Fig. 3, A). Processes on the tips of the chelicers in the ticks. . Mazille (max., Fig. 2, A). The fused second pair of body appendages. _-< ~~ Ewing, New Acarina. 99 ary Lip (maz. l., Fig. 2, A). The free projecting antero-lateral Palp i (p., Figs. 1, 2 A,3A and C, ete.). The segmented appendages jc maxi ; p | Claw (p. cl., Fig.1). A ge claw at the end of the palpus, ir Sieloged on either the last 1 he next to the last segment. Thumb of Palpus (p.th., Fig. 1). ‘he modified last segment of the alpus which opposes the next to st segment. The superior of the cephalothorax va development of special Bea (e., Fi. 1). Paired struc- ures, either single or double, sisting each of a transparent nea and a pigmented sense- more often they are Fig. 1. ‘Rhyncholophus robustus Banks; dorsal c view. chel., ERE, er., dorsal groove, or ‘ing ae ee teak — above the mouth- i e., eye; l. 1., leg I; 1. 2., leg IT; U. 3., leg 1. 4., leg IV: p.. palpus; p. el., palpal claw: th., palpal thumb. _ Dorsal Groove, or Crista (er., Fig. 1). A chitinous rod present on the edian line in the upper wall of the cephalothorax. Its function is to mish attachment to the powerful muscles of the mouth-parts. _ Seutum (se., Fig. 3, C). A hard, corneous shield present in the Ixodide the dorsal part of the cephalothorax. Lamella@ (lam., Fig. 4). Paired blade-like expansions of the chitinous t of the dorsal wall of the cephalothorax. Found only in Sclero- _ Translamella (not figured). A chitinous bar or blade joining the lamellae at their anterior ends. - oes SRDS = oe wesd Fig. 2. A.— Oribata mazima Ewing; ventral view. of mouth-parts. maz., maxilla; mar. L, maxillary lip; p., palpus. B.— Tetranychue telariue’y ~ parts as seen from above. coro geamumemleny aty., stylets. Fig. 3. A.— Margaropus annulatus (Say); capitulum of male as seen apo., apopbyses; cap., capitulum; hypost., hypostome; p., palpus. B.— occidentalis Neum.; stigmal plate of male. C.— Margaropus annulatus (Say); of body. abd., soft part of abdomen showing beyond edge of scutum; cap., capitulw coxa of leg I; ec. l. 2., coxa of leg IT; c. l. 3., coxa of leg IIT; c. l. 4.. conn marginal festoons; p., palpus; sc., scutum. Being, New Acarina. 101 aie 4). A pir of large dorsal pores on the dorsal, \ --*- {4 ro Oribata illinoisensis Ewing: dorsal view. abd., abdomen; antlat. A., antero- a: I. h., Iameltar hair: op es leg I; 1. 2., leg IT; 1. 3., leg IIT; L. 4, leg IV; prey “pecudo- a: "pata. 0», pseudostigmatic organ; pterom., pteromorpha; tar. c., tarsal claws; tectop., ‘ > sseaiomi hairs (antlat. h., Fig. 4). A pair of rather prominent sete, ally strongly curved and pectinate, situated at the sides of the rostrum. esent only in the beetle mites. Inrenior Structures (Figs. 3, 5, 6, ete.). But few structures are found the inferior surface of the cephalothorax. Epimera (epim., Fig. 6). These are chitinous bars, present in pairs on the ventral surface of the cephalothorax, and usually fused more or less at 102 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, the median line so as to form a skeletal support for the body and a means of attachment for the legs and the muscles which move them. : Hypostome (hypost., Fig. 3, A). A chitinous ventral projection, extends ing forward below the chelicere. Tectopedia (tectop., Fig. 4). One or more pairs of curved chitinous pro- jections, each of which arises near the coxa. of a leg and extends more or less around it. Found only in the beetle mites. Genital Opening (Figs. 5, B and 8, B). A small opening for the male or female genital apparatus. Found on the ventral wall of the cephalothorax in some in- stances, as in some of the Gamaside. Camerostome (camst., Fig. 5, B). A large body-opening at the antero-ventral - part of the cephalothorax, through which _ extends the oral tube and the first pair of legs. Present in the Uropodidee. Abdomen. Superior Srructures (Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 7). Very few structures are found on the upper side of the abdomen in the : Acarina. Fig. 5. A.— Gamasus magnicor- Bristles (br., Fig. 7). The arrangement. nutus Ewing; palpi and anterior part : é of cephalothorax. ceph., cephalotho- and shape of the bristles on the dorsal rax; epis., epistome; p., palpus. side of the abdomen are of special impor- B.— Uropoda pennsylvanica Berlese; ; r ventral view of central part of body of tance. These bristles may be simple, female. camst., camerostome; ¢.l. 1., sing] i i sin pectinate, doubly pectinate, plu- coxa of leg I; c. 1. 2., coxa of leg II; By si . y : pl c. l. $., coxa of leg IIT; c. 1. 4., coxa of mose, or foliaceous. leg IV: epig., epigynum; peritr., Dorsal Anus (d. a., Fig. 7). In a few peritreme; st. pl., sternal plate; st., e 3 - stigma. species, for example some of the itch mites and some of the harvest mites, the anus is dorsal. It is then very near the posterior margin of the body. LaTERAL Structures (Figs. 4, 8, ete.). The lateral structures of the abdomen are numerous and of considerable systematic importance. Pteromorphe (pterom., Fig. 4). Chitinous wing-like expansions peli: sides of the abdomen. Found only in the Oribatide. Excretory Tubes (Fig. 8, A). Tubular integumentary processes toil the sides of the abdomen which are in connection with hypodermal 7 Only present in a few of the beetle mites. _.Ewing, New Acarina. 103 erit eme (peritr., Fig. 5, B). The chitinous structure enclosing one s of the trachez. Present only in the Peritremata. (st, Fig. 5, B). The external tracheal opening. l Plate (Fig. 3, B). The chitinous plate which surrounds the Fig. 6. Tyroolyphus lintneri Osb.; ventral view. a., anus; a.s., anal suckers; c., cog pgguamra ew ae seg rod O-, ace or patella; g.a., genital Se eit Fostcons (mar. fest., Fig. 3, C). A row of similar lobes, or estoon: formed at the posterior margin of the body by corrugations of the _ Inventor Structures (Figs. 6 and 8). Most of the inferior structures f the abdomen are related to the genital or the anal opening. _ Epimera (epim., Fig. 6). Chitinous supporting rods, or bands, for the ss. ‘The posterior pair or the two last pairs may be present on the ventral | ide of the abdomen. _ Genital Opening (Figs. 5, B and 8, B). The opening through which the genital organs or their products may be respectively protruded or emitted. 104 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Genital Suckers (g. s., Fig. 6). Suckers situated near the genital opening. Used for adhesion during copulation. Phas a Genital Covers (gen. c., Fig. 8, B). Chitinous folding plates which close — the genital opening. Present only in the beetle mites. Sighted Genital Spines (gen. sp., Fig. 8, B). Spines situated around the genital opening. Function unknown, Anus (a., Fig. 6). The posterior opening of the ali- * mentary canal. © he Anal Suckers (a. 8., Fig. 6). Adhesive suckers situ- ated near the anus. ze Anal Covers (a. ¢., Fig. 8, B). Chitinous folding plates which close the anal opening. Present only in the beetle mites. Anal Plate (not figured). A large chitinous plate, or sclerite, surrounding the anus. Present notably in Fig. 7. Notedres notedres (M6gn.) dorsal view. ‘ b., body, without demarcation between cephalothorax the Gamaside. and abdomen; 6r., bristles; d. a., dorsal anus; 1. 1., Sternal Plate (st. pl., Fig. eae ie iC Se pat = 5, B.A ange. hitnous plate on the ventral wall of the cephalothorax. It may or may not be perforated by the genital aperture. Epigynum (epig., Fig. 5, B). A chitinous plate which folds down over the opening for the female reproductive organs. | Legs. There are four pairs of legs in all adult mites excepting the Eriophyidee. In general the legs consist of from five to seven segments. ore Coxa (c., Fig. 6). This is the most proximal of the segments. It is generally free, short, and stout; and is sometimes almost hidden inside of a large acetabulum. ae Trochanter (Not figured). This segment may or may not be present. | It is a short, stout segment situated next to the coxa. Hite Ewing, New Acarina. 105 Fig. 6). The largest segment of the leg. It is the second the body in legs of five segments, and the third segment in Patella (g., Fig. 6). This is the smallest segment of the leg, st which the bend of the leg is greatest. It is the next segment i an ete a portion of the lateral part of abdomen show- the excretory tubes. B.— Nothrus quadripilus Ewing; ventral view of a large a. c., anal covers; gen. c.. genital covers; gen. sp., genital spines. | (t, Fig. 6). The penultimate segment. Long, usually stouter tal than at the proximal! end, and frequently bearing a long tactile Fig. 9. A.— Tetranychus telarius L.; tip of tarsus of leg 1. ad. h., adhesive hairs; tar., is; ¢. ¢., tarsal claw, showing it four-cleft. B.— Nofophallus dorsalis Banks; inside view listal end of tarsus of leg I. pui., pulvillus, or caruncle; tor. ¢., tarsal claws. C.— Erio- } ulmi Garman; tarsus of leg 1. fh., feather-hatr. - Tareus (tar., Fig. 6). The last segment; nearly always provided at its tiated end with claws, sometimes with a pulvillus, and other appendages. 106 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Tarsal Claws (tar. c., Figs. 4, 9). At the tip of the tarsus there are usually one or two claws; if there is only one claw, it may be two-, three-, or four-cleft. Pulvillus, or Caruncle (pul., Fig. 9, B). A pad, or sucker-like appendage, found at the tip of the tarsus. It is usually situated between two tarsal claws. . Adhesive Hairs (ad. h., Fig. 9, A). Prominent hair-like appendages at. the tip of the tarsus in the family Tetranychide supposed to be related i in some way to the spinning habit. “ Feather-hair” (fh., Fig. 9, C). A feather-like appendage P the tip of the tarsus in Eriophyide. oe ge es Tarsal Suckers (tar. s., Fig. 7). Partial vacuum suckers found usually at the tips of the tarsi and on stalks, although in a few cases they are e sessile: on the sides of the tarsi. CLASSIFICATION. In 1909 the writer published a classification of the higher groups of the Acarina,!' and took up the consideration of such work in some detail. Since that time several interesting new species have been described which throw a great deal of light upon the natural arrangement of the various genera. and higher groups within the order. Berlese, especially, has added many such species to the fauna of the world. Also a considerable advance has. been made in the study of morphological characters of the older forms and especially the characters of larvee. For these reasons it is now possible to make some definite advances in the classification of the group. The follow- ing classification is suggested which divides the order into six well defined suborders and three of these again into eight sections. A CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBORDERS AND SECTIONS OF THE ACARINA. I 1. Adults with only four legs, body vermiform; very minute acarids which cause various discolorations and malformations of leaves of plants Suborder TETRAPODA. I2. Adults always with eight legs, body seldom vermiform. Il 1. Without trachex; palpi small, usually of only three segments, and fused. more or less to the base of the lip; legs supported by epimera Suborder ATRACHEATA. III 1. Body vermiform, legs rudimentary, and composed of only three segments; living in the hair-follicles of mammals. Section Brachypoda,.. 1A dusbnaeiata and 4 Biological Study of the Acarina of Illinois. University of Illinois - Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 14. University Studies, Vol. III, No. 6, pp. 387-401. eN é ee a eal atic ox the betty vous _ the rostrum; mouth-parts rudimentary, and situated on a cephalic papilla. Abdomen frequently segmented Section Heterostigmata. 2. Trachee sometimes absent but when present opening at the ace- tabula of the legs; cephalothorax with two large dorsal pores, termed pseudo stigmata, from each of which projects a specialized seta called the pseudo stigmatic organ. Po IV 1. Without tracher; cephalothorax hinged to the abdomen, and meee capable of being folded down over the ventral surface of the | Wwe With trachee, though they are often rudimentary; cephalo- thorax immovably fused with the abdomen; integument ¥ “Trachew opening through four stigmata situated on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Abdomen segmented. ..Suborder NOTOSTIGMATA. _ Tracheew opening at the base of the chelicere. Abdomen not seg- Se Sy Ee ee Suborder PROSTIGMATA. a Trachee often wanting; legs frequently provided with hairs . adapted for swimming. Aquatic Acarina. . - Section Hydracerina. Ne nok pended with ewimming baire. Terrestrial Acarina. V1. Last segment of palpus forming a distinct thumb, or finger, to the preceding segment which ends in a claw Section Dactylognatha.' Iv2. Last segment of palpus never forming a thumb, or finger, to the preceding segment; legs never with swollen tarsi. Very EG 1s oe ca cetnncant nes Section Adactylognatha.‘ __ A C\assirication or THE Famiiies AND SUPERFAMILIES OF ACARINA. Suborder TETRAPODA. s only a single family; with the characters of the suborder Fam. Eriophyide. 1 Epimera + ata. _ *From erepos = other + tracheata. * From é4crvAos = thumb, or finger, + yvé@os = jaw, or mouth. ‘Froma = not + dactylognatha. 108 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Suborder ATRACHEATA. Section Brachypoda. Contains .only a single family. ............0.0cccseceeeceecs Fam. Demodecide. Section Epimerata. I1. Skin with fine parallel folds; tarsi sometimes without claws; tarsal suckers when present stalked. Parasitic in all the developing stages Superfam. SaARcoprorpBa. II 1. Without any specialized apparatus for clasping the hairs of mammals. III 1. Small soft-bodied forms living in the skin of vera or upon insects. IV 1. Inhabiting the living tissues of vertebrates. V1. Vulva longitudinal. Parasitic in the cell tissues of birds. Fam. Cyloleichide. V2. Vulva transverse. stoi hev free. Usually on mam- WAM. Sei vc vhs ed oe ceria ees Fam. Sarcoptide. IV 2. Parasitic on insects... ......660.0008% ve OMe Canestrinide. III 2. Living as commensals in the feathers of birds. Sexual isn sometimes very pronounced................. Fam. Analgeside. II 2. Either the under lip or some of the legs modified into clasping organs, which are used for holding on to the hairs of mammals Fam. i 12. Skin without fine parallel folds; tarsi without stalked suckers; in the adult wtdibe. SAVER NUNN sooo onc sc chs ono vaso eum Fam. Tyroglyphide. — Suborder HETEROTRACHEATA. Section Heterostigmata. I1. Hind legs of the female ending in long hairs; migratory nymphs sometimes Pp 12. Hind legs of the female ending i in claws and sucker. Females very prolific, often many times their normal size when pregnant....Fam. Pediculoidide. Section Ginglymosoma. Qaly.one family. included... oo ccctes yp etacee eke re eceeee Fam. Hoplodermide. — : Section Scleroderma. I1. Abdomen usually segmented; integument thin and but little chitinized. Internal organs rather simple.................... Fam. Hypochthonide. 12. Abdomen never segmented; integument well chitinized. Internal organs better developed. IL 1. Abdomen without pteromorphe; trachee usually large and without terminal air ence... 2.6 ooh te eek eee ee ee Fam. Nothride. II 2. Abdomen with pteromorphe; trachee small but ending in minute air BOOBs 5 os eel Gens v's 6a 04S beg eae eeee Fam. Oribatide. Suborder PERITREMATA. I1. Peritreme usually present, long, tubular; hypostome small, without recurved teeth; integument wholly or partially chitinized but not usually leathery Superfam. GAMASOIDEA. a discal pate; ba ee Sai ens ceacat tooth: ne DES ft A FEA ren Superfam. IxoporeEa. s Suborder NOTOSTIGMATA. ly containing a single genus of four species... ... Fam. Opilioacaride. 's situated on a distinct beak. Marine forms. .Fam. Halacaride. 's not situated on a beak. Fresh water forms. .. Fam. Hydrachnide. Peer ving vertically Fra scneed ito tro croms. IV 1. Chelicere not styliform, but each bearing a falcate appendage | at its apex; cephalothorax small, not on the same plane with > aes the abdomen. Eyes frequently stalked. ...Fam. Trombidiide. rug Chelicere styliform; cephalothorax large, on the same plane TI12. Palpl very small. Legs slender; tarsi never swollen. Body _-—s Sparsely clothed with hairs. Spinning glands usually present ie Fam. Tetranychide. 112. Cox contiguous; arranged radially. ‘TIL 1. Legs I and II without processes or spines; integument without shields Fam. Erythracaride. III 2. Legs I and II with processes bearing large spines; integument with Re ee NS i ong Fam. Caculide Last segment of palpus a short papilla bearing large claws or pectinate sets; penultimate segment with a very large, stout claw. Palpi stout, moving Oey ae ea sc Code ohh cates ceke doce Fam. Cheyletida. 110 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Section Adactylognatha. 11. Palpi raptorial or ending in long bristles, in which case they are geniculate; cephalothorax with four long tactile bristles above......... Fam. Bdellide. I2. Palpi not raptorial or geniculate. Legs often very long. Acarina with very agile movements, often sideways or backwards........... Fam. Eupodide. Thus the whole order is divided into six suborders instead of two as given in the writer’s classification in 1909. The reasons for this are several, but only a few will be considered here. First, the old suborder VERMIFORMIA, including the Eriophyide and the Demodecide, is unnatural, for these groups certainly have had very different origins, and their resemblances are only superficial. The work of several acarologists and an extended investigation by the writer himself into the phylogeny of the Demodecide have convinced him that the mites of this family are only an offshoot of the older sarcoptid stem; while the Eriophyide had an entirely different origin, and may have come from the same stem as the red spiders, Tetranychide, as suggested by Oudemans. Second, the division of the RosustirorMi, the other suborder given, into eight divisions of equal rank is hardly satisfactory; for after a more extended study some of these divi- sions have been found to have sufficiently well defined limits and to have characters of such importance as to entitle them to a higher rank than that which was given them. Others, for the opposite reasons, should be assigned an inferior rank. Hence the old groups ATRACHEATA, PERITRE- MATA, NorosTiGMATA, and ProstiGMaTA used in the writer’s previous classification have been raised to the rank of suborders; while the groups Bracuypopa, HetTerostTigMATA, GINGLYMOSOMA, SCLERODERMA, and Hypracarina have been given as sections under their respective sub- orders. Of course the six suborders as given in the present classification do not have equal rank, and this very fact is clearly shown in the key to the suborders and sections; yet for the sake of simplicity they are given as such. No doubt the suborders Terrapopa and NoTosTIGMATA are more clearly defined than the other four. The reasons for reducing the rank of the other groups are as follows. As has already been stated the affinities of Bracnypopa with Sarcoptoidea are clear; hence it would seem better to place the two groups together as sections under ATracHEATA. The group Hererosticmata, although raised to the rank of a suborder by Berlese and by Warburton, does not appear to deserve to be so raised because it is not a well defined group, and shows strong affinities with the old family Oribatide. The two groups formerly created by the writer, GincLymMosoma and ScLERODERMA, have recently been shown to be closely related by Berlese’s discovery of several __-—~"~ Ewing, New Acarina. lll which form connecting links between them. For these reasons the er groups HererosticMata, GrncLyMosoma, and ScLERODERMA ald be reduced in relative rank; and are here given as sections under a order, HeTEROTRACHEATA. There never has been any good reason er as they are now known to be very closely related to the harvest mites. ale be placed with the latter under the suborder ProsticMata. gard to the families and superfamilies, no changes have been intro- in this classification, though I would like to suggest that the two ) Trombidiidee and Erythreide have so many of their characters eta that it may prove better in the future to unite the two. How- ie charscier of their cheliceree these two families are quite distinct. 1 closing my remarks upon the classification I might add that very tly Oudemans has suggested some radical changes and readjustments rank of some of the divisions of the Acarina, but it appears to me n most of these instances he has given entirely too much weight to le characters rather than to the consideration of all the characters which of systematic value. In a few of these instances these changes are based observations or study of some rare and exotic forms, and doubtless pepeal. The writer prefers in a work of this kind, however, to be er , and to err, if need be, in favor of our older judgments rather I ‘pass upon newly formed ones before an abundance of evidence has Description oF New SPECIES. In this paper seventeen new species and two new varieties are described. hese seventeen new species are distributed into twelve different genera. n one of these genera, Oribata, five new species are described, in another, two new species are described, in each of the remaining ten genera » species is described. Genus Bdella Latreille. Two new species and one new variety are described in this genus. The }new species may be separated by the following key. _ Integument of the body tessellated; beak about four times as long as thick B. tessellata n. sp. 12. Integument of the body not tessellated; beak about twice as long as thick B. robustirostris n. sp. 112 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Bdella tessellata new species. (Plate VII, Figs. 1 and 2.) A rather large red species. Body red, darker at the posterior end; palpi red but — lighter than the body; legs pale, pinkish, sometimes red. Integument of body tessellated, that is broken up into many small polygonal areas. These areas, irregu- lar, red, granular, of about the same size over the whole upper surface of the body. Total length of palpi about the same as that of the beak; second segment more than two thirds as long as the beak; third segment subequal to the fourth in length; distal segment broadened at the tip, about one and a half times as long as segments: three and four combined. Distal segment of palpus bearing five bristles; outer tactile bristle at its tip about as long as beak; inner tactile bristle about three fourths as long as the outer. On the outer margin of the distal segment slightly in front of the middle of the same is situated a bristle about as long as the segment itself; two other smaller and less important bristles are found not far from this one, one in front of it and one on the underside of the segment. Anterior pair of eyes situated about their diameter from the posterior pair. Shoulder bristles on abdomen about as as tibia of leg I. Tibi of last pair of legs extending beyond the posterior margins of the abdomen by their whole length. Total length of the body including hgerco 1.32 mm.; width, 0.54 mm. & From Portage, Wisconsin; under an old piece of wood which was » ie on the ground; by the writer. Several specimens obtained. This species is quite distinct voce the 2 other American species of the genus on account of the tessellated nature of the integument. Bdella robustirostris new species. (Plate VII, Fig. 3.) A rather small, stout species; reddish brown, with legs and palpi paler. Total length of palpi about one and a half times that of the beak; second segment of palpus about one half as long as beak; third segment of palpus about one and a half times as long as the fourth; distal segment somewhat broadened as you pass from the — proximal to the distal end, slightly longer than three and four combined. Outer tactile bristles of palpus about as long as beak; inner tactile bristle about three fourths as long as the outer. A smaller bristle about one half as long as the distal segment itself, is situated on the outer margin of the segment at about one third the length of the segment from its distal end. Not far from this bristle is a smaller insignificant _ one. Beak short, stout, not more than one half as long as the body. Tibie of © last pair of legs extending beyond the posterior margin of the abdomen by their entire length. Total length of body including beak, 0.70 mm.; width, 0.34 mm. From Portage, Wisconsin; under a stone which was lying on hm by the writer. This species is quite easily separated from the other American species on account of its short robust beak. According to palpal characters it appears to be more nearly related to B. depressa Ewing than to any other species. __~—~Bwing, New Acarina. ! 113 imilar to B. muscorum Ewing in nearly all respects, but smaller, not so ighly colored, and with shorter tactile bristles on the palpus. Outer _ tactile bristle of distal segment of palpus about one and a half times as long as the segment itself; inner tactile bristle about two thirds as long as From Minnesota; by J. E. Guthrie. Genus Sciris Hermann. Scirus laricis new species. (Plate VII, Fig. 4.) SEIN tiio of palpus longer than broad, broader at its distal end than at its proxi- mal end; segment three as broad as long, with a large spur, or spine, on its inner distal aspect, otherwise without hairs or spines; segment four with but a single stout bristle, or spine, which is situated on its inner side a little beyond the middle Ase Reema distal segment with a long spine which is situated on its inside _ and slightly below the middle of the segment. Anterior pair of legs extending to __ the tip of the palpi. Posterior pair of legs extending beyond the posterior margin __ of the abdomen by the length of their tarsi. Length of body including beak, 0.44 mm; width 0.20 mm. From Portage, Wisconsin; under the bark of Larix laricina; by the ae Related to S. setirostris Herm., but differing from it in having a much 1 _ stouter spur on the third palpal segment, in having shorter palpi, etc. The palpi in S. setirostris Herm. extend beyond the tip of the beak by the full length of the last two segments while in this species only about one half of the fourth segment extends beyond the beak. Genus Trombicula Berlese. Trombicula splendens new species. (Plate VII, Fig. 5.) ___. A beautiful medium-sized species, well clothed with prominent plumose hairs _ which give it a splendid echinate appearance. Palpi somewhat longer than the first two segments of leg I; thumb of palpus cylindrical, not swollen, extending to the tip or from tnenurnnah nwa edhacaghaag sande i: s the tip of the abdomen; tarsi not swollen. Total _ length including beak, 1.04 mm.; width, 0.96 mm. 114 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, From Portage, Wisconsin; under stones; by the writer. Only a few individuals found. This beautiful species is the first of the genus to be recorded from our country. Genus Gamasus Latreille. Gamasus bifurcus new species. (Plate VII, Fig. 6.) Male. A rather small pale species. Palpi extending beyond tip of mandibles by about one third their length. Upper arm of the chelicera somewhat sword-shaped, with two, sharp, triangular, cusp-like teeth on its lower aspect. Abdomen sparsely clothed with small, simple bristles. A prominent pair of stout, straight shoulder bristles also is present. Femur of leg II of male, two thirds as broad-as long, with a single large, bifurcate horn situated on its inside slightly proximad to the middle of the segment; arms of this horn unequal; genual, or middle segment, somewhat swollen on the inside from which portion projects a rather small spur; no other spurs present on this segment; tibia almost twice as long as broad, and with but a single spur which is situated on the inside near the middle; tarsus normal, not in the form of a claw. First pair of legs about as long as the body; tarsus about one and a thieet times as long as tibia. Length, 0.76 mm.; width, 0.40 mm. Female. Very similar to the male exneyt that the upper arms of the pay and the second pair of legs are normal. The two sexes are nearly equal in size. From Minnesota; by J. E. Guthrie. Several specimens of this species were obtained. The species is sepa- rated from all others of the genus by the very characteristic, bifureate tubercle on the inner side of the femur of leg IT of the male. Genus Macrocheles Latreille. Macrocheles tridentifer new species. (Plate VII, Fig. 7.) Male. A small, pale, yellowish species. Palpi slightly over one half as long as the front pair of legs. Chelicer long, stout; chelx longer than tibia of leg I. Abdo- men broadest behind the last pair of legs, evenly rounded behind, sparsely clothed with short simple bristles; shoulder bristles straight, stout, as long as tibia of leg II. Anterior pair of legs longer than the body; tarsus almost twice as long as tibia; tibia subequal to genual; genual slightly shorter than femur. Second pair of legs enlarged, curved somewhat, about two thirds as long as the first pair of legs; femur almost as broad as long, with a very large tubercle, or horn, on its inside; horn curved, with a tooth on its inner margin; genual without tubercles, or spurs, somewhat longer than broad; tibia about as long as genual but not so broad, without spurs; tarsus about one and a half times as long as tibia. Length, 0.72 mm.; width, 0.38 mm. Female. Very similar to the male except for the second pair of legs which are normal. Hypostome very large, consisting of three large lance-like projections which are united at their bases. The two outer projections of hypostome about one half as long as the palpi, the middle one slightly shorter. — a —— er 1913.) Ewing, New Acarina. 115 q _ From Minnesota; in greenhouse; by J. E. Guthrie. _ Described from two males and one female. The very large trifid ei of the female at once separates this species from the others a ‘which we have of the genus. : i ip im, ; Genus Podocinum Berlese. : ae Podocinum guthriei new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 8.) Betis. yellowish species; body clothed with a few very small simple hairs. ee oe Palpi extending to the distal ends of the femora of the first pair of legs. Body two thirds as broad as long and broadest behind the cox of the posterior pair of legs. Anterior pair of legs fully one and a half times as long as the body; trochanter of leg I almost as broad as long, with a small bristle situated on its inner margin; femur apparently divided into two segments by a transverse - suture near its base; genual slightly shorter than the femur; tibia about one and a -third-times as long as the genual; tarsus shorter than the tibia. Leg II slightly over one half as long as leg I; tibia and genual subequal; tarsus over twice as long as tibia. Posterior pair of legs extending beyond the posterior margin of the body by the whole length of the tarsus and one half the length of the tibia. Total length of body, 0.58 mm.; width, 0.38 mm. _ From Minnesota; by J. E. Guthrie. ~ Described from three specimens. Genus Uroseius Berlese. Uroseius tumidus new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 9.) A large, stout, light brown species with small appendages. Chelicerz large, stout, when protruded extending much beyond the palpi. Palpi about one half as long as the anterior pair of legs, with several prominent hairs at their tips. Body almost as broad as long, sparsely clothed with simple, curved bristles, or sete, which are especially prominent on the sides. Epigynum two thirds as broad as long, rounded in front, extending from between the posterior coxw to the posterior margins of the cox of the second pair of legs. Femur of leg I about three times as long as broad; _genual slightly over one half as long as femur; tibia slightly longer than genual; tarsus longer than tibia, clothed with several long hairs at its tip. Second pair of legs similar but stouter than the first. The last two pairs of legs are hidden when the arachnid is viewed from above. Length, 1.18 mm.; width, 0.92 mm. From Minnesota; by J. E. Guthrie. Only a single individual, a female, obtained. This is a mature female with several developing eggs in her body. The great size of the body as compared with that of the appendages is the most striking feature of the species. This is the first species of the genus to be described from our country. 116 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Genus Pelops C. L. Koch. Pelops minnesotensis new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 10.) Chestnut brown, legs paler; integument rough. Cephalothorax short. True lamelle present, extending almost to the tip of cephalothorax. Pseudostigmatic organs clavate, slightly pectinate, directed forward. Abdomen almost as broad as long, evenly rounded behind; dorsum not pitted, hairless. Genital covers, rectangu- lar, smaller than anal covers, situated their length in front of the latter. Anal covers triangular, situated two thirds their length from the posterior margin of the ventral plate. Anterior pair of legs about two thirds as long as the abdomen; tarsus longer than tibia; tibia one and a third times as long as the genual. Tarsus and tibia of posterior pair of legs subequal; tip of tarsus extending to the level of the posterior margin of abdomen. All the legs bear a few stout, pectinate spines. Ungues hetero- dactyle. Length, 0.40 mm.; width, 0.30 mm. From Jordan, Minnesota; by J. E. Guthrie. From Shakopee, Minne- sota; on weeds at the edge of a slough; by J. E. Guthrie. From near Lake Keuka, New York; in leaf mold; by C. R. Crosby. Described from many specimens. This species is at once separated from almost all others of the genus by the absence of hairs on the dorsum of the abdomen. P. bifurcatus Ewing also has no hairs on the dorsum of abdomen, but in this latter species there is present at the anterior margin of the abdomen a pair of large flattened, bifurcate sete, a character which is absent in P. minnesotensis n. sp. Genus Oribata Latreille. The five species described in this genus may be separated by the follow- ing key. I1. Pteromorphe long, rounded in front, and extending far beyond the anterior margin of the abdomen. II 1. Head of pseudostigmatic organ, long, straight, almost rod-like yet becom- ing larger as you pass from its base to its tip............ O. salicis n. sp. II 2. Head of pseudostigmatic organ subcapitate, almost as broad as long; pedicel very long and recurved................2000.: O. corticis n. sp. 12. Pteromorphe short, truncated anteriorly, and not extending beyond the an- terior margin of the abdomen. Il 1. Translamella absent. III 1. Integument-of body smooth, shiny; dorsum of abdomen hairless O. minnesotensis n. sp. III 2. Integument of body pitted; dorsum of abdomen clothed with short, stout, almost straight, pectinate sete. O. juniperi n. sp. 15:2..> Translamella present... «sss isisnan chops eekeues nen O. boletorum n. sp. 1913.) Ewing, New Acarina. 117 Light chestnut brown; integument smooth. Lamelle without cusps, very low, ‘situated near the sides of the cephalothorax, slightly over two thirds as long as the same; ses hla spiro aaa Translamella absent. Inter- lamella to the median line. Pseudostigmatic ogi slightly pectinate, almost rod-like, slightly enlarged as you pass from its base to its tip, recurved at its base. Pteromorphe rounded in front, extending two thirds the distance to the tip of the “ rostrum; integument of pteromorphe showing radiating folds but these folds are not egg ventrally pteromorphe not emarginate. Abdomen oblong, dorsum oa ; no light or dark spots showing through the integument; at the posterior end of the abdomen on the ventral aspect is a pair of moderate bristles. Genital covers about twice their length in front of the anal covers. Femur of leg I without any chitinous expansion; femur of leg II without cusp-like projection. Ungues heterodactyle. Posterior pair of legs extending to about the tip of the abdomen. — width, 0.46 mm. _ From Baldwin, Michigan; under rotting willow bark; by J. D. Hood. _ This species was found in association with the following, 0. corticis n. sp., but differs from it in having long, almost rod-like pseudostigmatic organs instead of the subcapitate pseudostigmatic organs as are found in 0. corticis. The pteromorphz also are not so pointed anteriorly in this species as they - are in O. corticis. Oribata corticis new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 12.) Light chestnut brown, legs paler; integument smooth. Lamelle without cusps, very low, situated at the sides of the cephalothorax, slightly over two thirds as long as the same; lamellar hairs slightly longer than the lamella. No translamella pres- _ ent. Interlamellar hairs divergent, about as long as the lamellar hairs. Pseudo- stigmatic organ with a long recurved pedicel and a subcapitate head. Pteromorphe _ somewhat pointed in front and extending about two thirds the distance to the tip of the rostrum; integument of the pteromorphe showing radiating folds; ventral margin of pteromorphe not emarginate. Abdomen oblong, dorsum hairless, with no spots showing through the integument; no bristles found at the posterior end of _ the abdomen on the ventral aspect. Genital covers about twice their length in front of the anal covers. Femur of leg I without any chitinous expansion; femur of leg II _ Without cusp-like projection. Ungues heterodactyle. Length, 0.70 mm.; width, 040 mm. From Baldwin, Michigan; under rotting willow bark; by J. D. Hood. _ Similar in nearly all respects to O. salicis n. sp., but differing from it so markedly in the form of the pseudostigmata, as well as in the shape of the _ anterior margin of the pteromorphe, that it should be regarded as a distinct Species. It is also closely related to O. depressa Banks, but is distinct from _ Banks’ species because of the absence of the two pairs of large sete on the 118 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, posterior ventral aspect of the abdomen, and in being larger than this latter species. Oribata minnesotensis new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 13.) Body chestnut brown; legs paler. Lamelle three fourths as long as the cepha- lothorax, broadest at their bases, free for the anterior one third of their length; lamellar hairs, straight, pectinate, about two thirds as long as the lamella. Trans- lamella absent. Interlamellar hairs slightly curved, pectinate, converging, about one and a half times as long as the lamellar hairs and situated very close to the bases of the lamellw. Pseudostigmatic organ slightly clavate, recurved at the base; head slightly pectinate. Abdomen globose; dorsum hairless, without light or dark spots. Posterior end of abdomen without four long, simple bristles toward the ventral aspect. Pteromorphz short, truncated anteriorly, not extending beyond the anterior margin of the abdomen; integument of pteromorphe almost smooth, with- out wrinkles; ventral margins of pteromorphe not emarginate. Genital covers rectangular, slightly broader in front than behind, situated at least one and a half times their length in front of the anal covers. Femur of leg I without chitinous expansion. Femur of leg II also without a cusp-like expansion. Ungues almost homodactyle. Length, 0.74 mm.; width, 0.42 mm. From Red Wing, Minnesota; under bark and chips on lowland; by J. E. Guthrie. I can find no close affinities of this species. In my collection it goes next to my O. albida. Oribata juniperi new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 14.) Uniform light chestnut brown; integument pitted; pits small, shallow, and rather uniform in size. Lamelle without cusps, broadest in the middle, about one half as long as the cephalothorax; lamellar hairs curved, pectinate, somewhat longer than the lamellz. Translamella absent. Interlamellar hairs straight, pectinate, shorter than the lamellar hairs. Pseudostigmatie organ short, slightly recurved, capitate, pectinate. Abdomen subglobose; dorsum with stout, slightly curved, pectinate sete; no light or dark spots showing on the abdomen. Posterior end of the abdomen without four long simple bristles situated toward the ventral aspect. Pteromorphe triangular, truncated anteriorly, not extending beyond the anterior margin of abdomen; integument of pteromorphe not wrinkled; ventral margin not emarginate. Genital covers a little more than their length in front of the anal covers. Femur of leg I with a small chitinous expansion, but not in the form of a cusp. Femur of leg II with a small chitinous expansion on its inner side, but it is not in the form of a cusp. Ungues homodactyle. Length, 0.46 mm.; width, 0.30 mm. From Portage, Wisconsin; shaken from Juniperus nana and Quercus alba; by the writer. Described from three specimens no one of which showed all the charac- ters sufficiently well to be selected as a type. This species is related to O. banksi Ewing, but is easily separated from O. banksi Ewing by its smaller _--—~Ewing, New Acarina. 119 and stouter hairs on the notogaster, as ‘well as in the character of e = pio tie organs. Oribata boletorum new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 15.) Light chestnut brown, legs much paler than the body. Lamelle each with a free end, or cusp, which is bifurcate; lamellar hair situated between these ty © points of the free end of the lamella. Translamella present, blade-like, about ‘two thirds as broad as one of the lamelle. Interlamellar hairs straight, pectinate, situated close to the bases of the lamell, distinctly longer than the lamellar hairs. _ Pseudostigmatic organ very short, simple, subcapitate, directed forward and inward. ___ Pteromorphe short, truncated anteriorly, not extending beyond the anterior margin _ of abdomen, integument of pteromorphe not wrinkled. Abdomen globose; dorsum __ with prominent, straight, stout, pectinate hairs. Posterior end of abdomen without ' four long, simple bristles toward the ventral aspect. Notogaster without any large light spots showing through the integument. Genital covers rectangular, situated i one and a half times their length in front of the anal covers. Femur of leg I with a small chitinous expansion on its inner side; expansion not in the form of a cusp. Femur of leg II with a similar expansion which is not cusp-like. Ungues hetero- dactyle. Length, 0.62 mm.; width, 0.44 mm. From Jordan, Minnesota; on decaying mushrooms; by J. E. Guthrie. Four specimens at hand during the description; but chiefly one, the type, was used. This species is very distinct, and I can find no closely _ related species. It appears to belong next to my 0. figurata according to natural arrangement, but differs from this species in many ways, one of which is in having rather prominent hairs on the dorsum of the abdomen, whereas 0. figurata has no hairs on the dorsum. } Genus Oribatella Banks. a Oribatella ‘achipteroides new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 16.) Dark reddish brown; integument smooth. Lamelle very large and similar in ____ Bhape to the common type found in Achipteria; each ending in a prominent cusp and _____ @ach bearing on its anterior inner corner the lamellar hair. Lamellar hair stout, ___—s ¢urved, pectinate, as long as the greatest width of the lamella. Interlamellar hairs _* two thirds as long as the lamell«, curved, situated at the base of the lamellae. Pseu- __ dostigmatic organs clavo-lanceolate, curved strongly inward and forward, tip of head slightly pectinate. Abdomen oblong, hairless; dorsum with three pairs of oval light spots. Pteromorphe truncated anteriorly and without any cusp-like projection from the anterior margin, anterior ventral corner of pteromorphe not ending in a cusp. Genital covers, almost semidisc-shaped, but little over one half as long as anal covers, and situated about twice their length in front of the latter. Ungues of tarsi tridactyle; dactyles unequal. Length, 0.54 mm.; width, 0.38 mm. 120 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, From Red Wing, Minnesota; under bark and chips on lowland; by J. E. Guthrie. This species is entirely different from all the other species of Oribatella, but does not have the type of pteromorph found in Achipteria. Perhaps it should be made the type of a new genus, but for the present I place it in Oribatella. Genus Notaspis Hermann. Notaspis pyristigma Ewing, variety fusca new variety. Similar to NV. pyristigma Ewing but of a dark reddish brown color. In this variety the interlamellar hairs are very stout and are longer than the lamelle; while in the type of the species the interlamellar hairs are very slender and shorter than the lamelle. Pseudostigmatic organs more strongly capitate than in the type. Both the lamelle and the translamella are broader than they are in the type, and there is an absence of rudi- mentary lamellar cusps. From Portage, Wisconsin; under a stone lying on the ground; by the writer. Genus Lucoppia Berlese. Lucoppia boletorum new species. (Plate VIII, Fig. 17.) Uniform light yellowish brown; integument uneven but not pitted. Lamellz consisting of low, inconspicuous, chitinous ridges which are slightly less than one half as long as the cephalothorax. No bars on the cephalothorax between the lamelle. Lamellar hairs pectinate, slightly curved, about as long as the lamelle. Interlamel- lar hairs similar to lamellar hairs but longer, many times as long as pseudostigmatic organ. Translamella absent. Pseudostigmatic organ with a very short, straight pedicel and a subglobose, simple head. Abdomen subspherical; dorsum sparsely clothed with slightly pectinate, curved, stout sete. Genital covers smaller than the anal covers, situated about twice their length from the latter. Anal covers situated less than one half their length from the posterior margin of ventral plate. Anterior pair of legs extending one half their length beyond the tip of the rostrum; tarsus and tibia subequal in length. Total length of the body, 0.60 mm.; width, 0.38 mm. From Jordan, Minnesota; on decaying mushrooms; by J. E. Guthrie. Similar to L. pilosus (Banks), but with the abdomen almost circular in outline when viewed from above, also with shorter lamellar hairs than those of Banks’ species. Genus Dameus C. L. Koch. Dameus globifer new species. (Plate VIII, Figs. 18 and 19.) Chestnut brown; legs paler than the body. Cephalothorax two thirds as long as the abdomen. Pseudostigmatic organ long, stout, slightly pectinated, setiform. _~~Bwing, New Acarina. 121 ene ented 0 eng, stout, simple seta. Abdo- ; seta on notogaster stout, simple, curved. From the anterior end ngth in front of the latter. etdbias tinned caore ne sas 1G ate longlh = a the posterior margin of ventral plate. All of the segments of the legs with a ol .. ae he eee re ee others. _Femora of legs with a hair. tee tre. sy uh «son ine, tactile bristle at its distal end. — width, 0.50 mm. lar to D. sufflecus Mich, but the hairs or setae on i the inate of the ( are different, being curved and about twice as long as those of s. There are other differences between the two species. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate VII. Bdella tessellata n. sp. Dorsal view, X 36. ee = oe A section of the integument from the dorsal part Puate VIII. Podocinum guthriei n. sp. Dorsal view, X 36. . Uroseius tumidus n. sp. Epigynum of female, < 140. Pelops minnesotensis n. sp. Dorsal view, X 100. . Oribata salicis n. sp. Tarsus and tibia of leg I, X 240. Oribata corticis n. sp. Genital covers and tips of epimera II and III, Oribata minnesolensis n. sp. Pseudostigma and pseudostigmatic organ, Oribata juniperi n. sp. Pseudostigma and pseudostigmatic organ, X . Lvucoppia boletorum n. sp. Dorsal view, X 60. Damaus globifer n. sp. Dorsal view, x 34. . Dameus globifer n. sp. Seta from posterior end of abdomen, X 120. abet eS Birk ee ae ere s we Fit i | sana Pt) a i siblued 17 7 ih 51 ; RS ie Peeiuhranttiae” te. 7. AG Es - . ” Re ttt a wy F ia ae ee ty Te a Bei eo be ahi che Gt ast ees Pty po i 8 IS te green ee. Pn. etapa Ai re RR Ta te : Paha eee a x’ 7 ap Mat 2 Pa Wx + P = » & - 4 ° 4, % * ae 2 ie . ‘ Ap = RR AL ~ : Ss Sie y Ya EN Ty = Nyy Spam OU AGERE: 03 Seiad Mahe Pea Se : jul Vou. XXXII, Puare Vit. te Be H. E. Ewina ad nat. del. New Acartna — Ewina. yu Vou. XXXI, Prare VIII. del. OLE. Ewrno ad nat. New Acartmna — Ewina. a ee 56.82(79.5) Article VI— REVIEW OF THE FOSSIL FAUNA OF THE DESERT REGION OF OREGON, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ADDI- oa TIONAL MATERIAL COLLECTED THERE. By R. W. Suuretpr. . Piates IX to XLIII. -in August, 1912, there was placed in my hands by the Department ification and description, a small collection of vertebrate fossils col- ed by J. C. Russell (season of 1882) and W. Day (season of 1883) of the ited States Geological Survey, at Christmas Lake, Oregon (near Button’s ch). A superficial examination of this material convinced me of the fact that ly fulfill such a task, it would be necessary to have before me for n, not only all the material upon which a previous paper of mine Desert Region, as well as any other material of the kind, either vertebrate invertebrate, which, in any way, might assist in the matter of identifica- 1 or otherwise illumine the subject. Both of these requirements have n fulfilled, as far as possible, to the extent of the demand. In this connection I am indebted to Mr. Charles W. Gilmore, of the sartment of Vertebrate Paleontology of the United States. National iseum, for transmitting me the above material of the Department for cription and a preliminary examination of the mammal fossils. I have ecially to thank Mr. J. W. Gidley, the curator in charge of the mammals nd fish of the same Department, for his several examinations of the fossils ‘the mammals and some other forms described in the present paper; for is references of the different species, and for other courtesies and assistance many occasions in connection with this work while in the course of , | am very much indebted to Dr. F. A. Lucas, Director of the _ 'Shufeldt, R. W. A Study of the Fossil Avifauna of the Equus Beds of the Oregon ‘Desert. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. IX, Pls. XV-XVII, Phila., Oct., 1892, pp. 389-425. See also abstract of this paper which preceded it in ‘American Naturalist’ (Vol. XXV z 207, Sept.. 1891, pp. 818-821; and ‘The Auk’ (Vol. VIII. No. 4. N. Y., Oct. 1891, 123 124 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, American Museum of Natural History of New York City, for his approving of my request for the use of all the material upon which my previous publi- cations were based, collected by Cope and Condon in the Desert Region of Oregon, and particularly to Doctors E. O. Hovey and W. D. Matthew of the Paleontological Department of that institution for their favorable recommendations and trouble in directing the shipment of the aforesaid valuable fossils to me from their museum to my home in Washington, and for other favors. I am also in this connection greatly indebted to the United States National Museum for the unlimited use of the collection of skeletons of birds of that institution, and in particular to Dr. Chas. W. Richmond of the Department of Birds and his assistant, Mr. J. H. Riley, for the most valuable assistance in the matter in hand, as well as to Mr. Paul Bartsch, of the Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum, for his having identi- fied specimens of shells from the Cope collection of ager: Oregon fossils belonging to the American Museum. There were two of these specimens,— one each of Carinifer newberryt and Spherium transversum, both from Fossil Lake. As there were no other shells, and as these are still abundant in the existing fauna of the region, it will not be necessary to mention them again in the present connection. To Mr. Barton A. Bean, in charge of the Department of Fishes at the U. S. National Museum, I am indebted for assistance in connection with my examination of existing fishes in the collections of that institution, for comparison with such fossils of those forms as were discovered in the Oregon desert region, fragments of the bones of which were found among the specimens of the collections referred to above. These will be commented upon further on in the present paper. For the identifications of all the bones and fragments of bones figured in the Plates, I am wholly responsible. At the present writing, then, I have before me a small collection of fossils from the U. S. National Museum; all the material of the Cope and Condon collections previously described by me, and the skeletons of many existing vertebrata found in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. The character and number of fossils in the collection from the American Museum have already been described in my Academy memoir. As far as birds are concerned, it is altogether the largest amount of material repre- senting Pleistocene birds in this country. The lot recently turned over to me by the U.S. National Museum — coming, as it does, from nearly the same locality — contains fossils resembling them in all particulars. Unfortu- nately, however, they are few in number and very fragmentary, though none the less interesting and important. Most of them are fossil bones of birds, while the rest are of mammals and fish; and, in most instances, the 1913] ———Shufeldt, Fossit- Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 125 s of any of the groups are represented in the Cope and Condon ‘ion by a far greater number and variety; so, practically, they will be 1 in connection with them. Tue U. S. Nationa Museum CoL.ection. _ This colleton I have illustrated by means of Plates IX and X, the first g figures 1 to 16, and the latter figures 17 to 35. At as time I first examined Professor Cope’s collection, which, as a Se constitutes the material to be reéxamined further on in this paper, it having come into the possession of the American Museum of Natural History, I met with fragments of bones in it, which led me to believe ___ that they belonged to the well-known Sage Cock (Centrocercus wrophasianus) of the Western Plains. This suspicion was confirmed after a moment’s inspection of the fossils handed over to me by the Paleontological Depart- ment of the U. S. National Museum; for it contained a number of fossil ____ bones of Centrocercus, several of which were quite perfect, and may all easily have belonged to the same bird (see Figs. 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12 and 13, _ Plate IX); while another belonged to a larger individual, and probably to - anoldmale. (Fig.9, Plate IX.) These will be more fully described further on in this paper, when I take up all the fossil material representing this Species of grouse. _____ As stated in my Philadelphia Academy memoir, the Snow Goose (Chen g _hyperboreus) was an abundant species on the Pleistocene Lakes of Oregon, __ and its fossil remains are abundant in this collection (p. 409). Various fossil bones, representing this species, are figured on Plate XVI, and there is a more or less perfect head of a humerus of this goose in the collection ___ belonging to the U. S. National Museum (Fig. 2, Plate IX). This collection also contains fragmentary remains of two other anserine forms, namely the _ Condon’s extinct goose (Anser condoni) (Fig. 3, Plate IX), and the Anser ___ hypsibatus of Cope,— another extinct species. These two geese will be ____ touched upon more fully further on in this paper (Plate I, Figs. 3 and 5). ___- Grebes, of at least three genera, flourished on these Pleistocene Lakes of Oregon, and they are critically considered in their proper place beyond. Fossil bones of some of the species are present in the material belonging to the National Museum, (see Figs. 8, 10, 14, 15 of Plate IX, and Figs. 32-35 of Plate X), and the descriptions of these will be incorporated with others on another page. Very recently, the U. S. National Museum has had added to its col- _ leetions a fine skeleton (No. 223756) of the Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus 126 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, histrionicus), and this has been loaned me for my work in the present contribution. ‘Twenty years ago, when I first examined this collection, a skeleton of this species was not at hand; and consequently, as in so many other instances, I could not state positively with respect to some of the anserine fossils I examined. That there are bones which belonged to Harlequin Ducks in the collection, however, can now be announced with certainty. Even in this small collection belonging to the Smithsonian Institution, there is a left coracoid of Histrionicus, and I show it in Fig. 16 of Plate IX. It corresponds exactly with that bone as we find it in the shoulder girdle of this species of duck as it occurs at the present day. (See Plate XXX, Figs. 360-363.) There are a few fossil bones of fish in this collection, especially vertebrae and palatine bones (Plate X, Figs. 17-21, and Fig. 23). Up to the present time, I have not been able to refer these, or to name them, if belonging to extinct species. This, too, is a matter I shall touch upon later on in this paper, as a far greater number of these bones are to be found in the collec- tion belonging to the American Museum. This also applies to the few mammal bones we find here, which, as may be seen by referting to Plate X (Figs. 24-31), chiefly belonged to representatives of the Canid@ and large . hares of the genus Lepus. In my Philadelphia Academy memoir I refer, to some extent, to the mammalian fauna of these ancient lakes, and further on in the present contribution, the subject will be completed, in so far as my studies have carried me. FURTHER STUDIES OF THE COPE AND CONDON COLLECTIONS, NOW COMPRIS- ING A PART OF THE PALZONTOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE. AMERICAN Museum or NaTuraL History. PISCES. As will be noted, under the figures of Plate XI at the close of this memoir, very little could be accomplished with respect to the fossil bones of such fishes as were collected at Silver and Fossil Lakes. There were not many brought back by the several collectors, and such material as there is, is fragmentary and broken up. Cope pointed out, as I state in my Philadelphia Academy paper, that there were but two fishes represented, namely: Salmo purpuratus and Myloleucus formosus, the latter now being known as Rutilus symmetricus (Baird and Girard); and both of these are found in the existing icthyfauna. Many of the bits of fossil fish bones were sufficiently perfect for me to name Shufeldt, Foseit~“Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 127 ee | me in any case —if not the fish to which it belonged. This I in- - did, as will be appreciated by a study of Plate XI. Personally I of the opinion that there were, in Pleistocene time, a good many more s of fish in those lakes than the two above named ones, as the fossils a to indicate this. I compared some of the vertebra, opercular bones s with such skeletal material as I had at hand, but was unable to e bat. any definite conclusions with respect to references. We very ch need, at the National Museum, a good working collection of fish as for the use of students. Unfortunately, there is no such collection, : a large part of what there is in that line is worthless. se, Bice the fossils now under consideration, there were found a number yeculiar spine-like bones which could not be, and have not up to this ng been, identified. At first I took them to be the weapon-spines a n the pectoral fins of most cat-fishes,— a view I promptly abandoned. Thre » of these spines are figured on Plate XI (Figs. 40-42); they vary - hat in form and size; are asymmetrical, and do not possess, at their rticular ends, ‘the complicated joint of the large pectoral-fin spines of ertain Nematognathi. These have likewise been examined by Mr. Gidley, on Bean and William Palmer, and none of these authorities were able Steady incised out in my previous ork that the “ Basset also are pare, , but one species has thus far been taken in the region, and that a tree- ; fro (Ayla regilla). It is abundant on the shores of Silver Lake, though it does not resort to the timber. But two lizards have thus far been reported, latter is frequently seen sunning itself on the bare volcanic rock of the __ lake-shores. Only two snakes occur in this arid region,— the rattle-snake, iown as Crotalus confluentus leconti and Eutenia sirtalis parietalis.” (p. ). Some of these forms are now, I believe, known under different sientific names, owing to the many nomenclatural changes which have aken place during recent years. On account of their small size and perish- able nature, it is not surprising that the collectors failed to find the fossil bones of such animals as hylas, swifts, or even rattle-snakes. Some very small mammal and bird bones were found, however, as will be seen by re- -ferring to Figs. 66 and 536 on the Plates. 128 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, AVES. PYGOPODEs. Various species of Grebes, belonging to several genera, were among the most abundant bird-forms inhabiting the ancient lakes of Oregon. Con- siderable attention was devoted to these in my Philadelphia Academy memoir; and, at the time that this appeared, I was satisfied there were at least five pygopodine species, represented in the collection by an abundant lot of various fossil bones. These were Aichmophorus occidentalis, Colymbus holbelli; possibly — and very probably —C. auritus; C. n. californicus, and Podilymbus podiceps. Since then, Colymbus auritus has been established beyond all doubt, in as much as a skeleton of that bird has been added to the collections of the U.S. National Museum (No. 17273) since my first examinations were made (Plate XX XVIII, Figs. 441, 448). This was the principal trouble at the time I prepared my paper for the Philadelphia Academy: there were so few skeletons of existing birds available; and, indeed, at this writing, the grebes in the U. S. National Museum are very poorly represented. Strange as it may seem, that great national institution has not in its collections, at the present time (Nov. 13, 1912) any part of a skeleton of the existing Western — Grebe (4ichmophorus occidentalis). Up to this date, I have had to depend upon the long bones of the limbs of a specimen of this bird, which was prepared by Professor Cope and myself,— someone having collected the specimen for him. In general it may be said that there are several considerations we must ever have in mind, when we come to study, identify and refer the fossil bones of birds, and it is doubtless true of all animals; I mean the considerations of sex, of age, and of time. This is particularly essential with respect to the American species of Grebes, for the reason that the characters of the bones are wonderfully similar, and the correct ascertaining of the species is made the more difficult, not only for this reason, but for the fact that, in one or two instances, the species — as in the case of Aichmophorus occidentalis and Colymbus holbelli — are so much of a size. If, when the sexes of any particular species become fully adult, they agree with respect to size, that simplifies matters very much; but if, on the other hand, the female for example is markedly smaller than the male — both being adult — then a factor for comparison is at once introduced into our work. Still more difficult do correct references become when the bones are all mixed up, and there are present those of another species of only slightly smaller proportions, in which species the sexes — when adult — Shufeldt, Fossit-Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 129 fer with respect to size. For example, the tarso-metatarsus of an os eraengpergragt the general characters being al- tishable — might be, in all particulars, quite like the tarso- bik an sdult male Colymbus holbelli. In other words, there would o do oubt whatever about picking out the bones belonging to the adult . the Western Grebe; but we would be confronted with an entirely nt proposition, when we came to distinguish between the female rn Grebes and the male Holbcell’s Grebes. And so on, too, for other _ This is not all, however; for here comes in the second consideration,— 1a of age. Grebes, as in the case of many other kinds of birds, do not their full growth for several years; and about the second or third Pt , the long bones of the skeleton, for example, are not as large or as long ‘the adult, while at the same time they are indistinguishable in other spects. Therefore, as another difficulty to contend with, we may, for aple, mistake the tarso-metatarsus of a subadult male Achmophorus entalis for an adult male Colymbus holbelli; or, as may be readily eciated, they may also be confused in other respects,— that is in regard these two species of Grebes. inally comes in our third consideration, and that is the matter of time. ese bones of our fossil grebes are many thousand years old. It is quite possible that either Zchmophorus occidentalis of Colymbus holballi became larger or smaller between the Pleistocene period and the present time; that _ is to say, the Pleistocene Western Grebe, for example, may have been either ger or a smaller species than the race now in existence, which descended tly from the former. This also applies to Holbcell’s Grebe and others. Slaitesioe. i the Western Grebe were a smaller bird in Pleistocene time — in this day we find a series of tarso-metatarsi, for example, representing ‘the characters being the same, it would be difficult to distinguish the tar tata: of an adult male Western Grebe of the fossil form, from the 1¢ bone of an adult female of the existing race; while the tarso-metatarsus of an adult male of the existing race would be larger and longer than the responding bone in fossil individuals of that species, for the reason that e species itself became larger as it descended by generations from the size, Echmophorus occidentalis and Colymbus holbelli, of the Oregon ssert Region of Pleistocene, were no bigger or no smaller than their p existing descendants of the present day. In other words, they e about the same, respectively, in the matter of proportions. This, then, does away with any difficulty arising in the matter of time; but it does not 130 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, do away with the questions of sex and age,— the characters being practi- cally the same; we can still be led into error for the reasons I have pointed out above. Everything else being equal, we are often assisted in making a correct reference — with respect to these Grebes as well as in the case of other birds — when the point hinges on the question of age; but this only applies to fossils of the kind now being considered. I refer to the bones in fully adult species which are very smooth, black and shiny. In younger birds they are, according to their youngness, slightly rough, gray and dull. Of course in much younger specimens this is better marked, and we then have the condition of the epiphyses of the long bones to assist us. These may be coéssified with the shaft in a particular case, or in “chicks” they may have dropped off and been lost altogether. These points are all very important, and must be borne well in mind when describing such fossils as theonesnow being considered. There is another point to remember in considering the fossil long bones of Zchmophorus occidentalis. I said in regard to it, in my Philadelphia Academy paper “Within certain limits, the long bones vary somewhat in length, but the majority of the specimens are typical. I found no humerus quite as large as that bone in the existing species; but there are not so very many examples of it in the collection, and probably no larger ones were secured. In the fossil bird, too, the distal margin of the ulnar crest — or that border bounding the fossa wherein the pneumatic foramina are found in other birds possessing pneumatic humeri — is rather fuller than it is in the humerus of the existing species. This very slight difference appears to be constant.” (p. 396). Now, although I said in that paper, in the next paragraph, with respect to Colymbus holbelli, that it was found to be quite abundantly represented “by its fossil remains, it appears to be identical with the existing species bearing that name. It is a notably smaller species than 4. occidentalis, and its fossil remains are easily distinguished from it.” (Joc. cit., p. 396). At this date, I may say that in making those references, in the case of the two grebes in question, size alone was considered, and the important items of sex and age ignored. So it would be quite possible for one to mistake any of the principal long bones of the limbs of the female 42. occidentalis for a male C. holbelli, both being adult, and everything else being equal. I have no skeleton of Colymbus holbelli at hand. Ornithological authorities seem to find no differences in the lengths on adult male and female grebes of any of our North American species. If the case of Achmophorus occidentalis, the length is usually given as 24 to 29 inches; the now not recognized Clark’s Grebe (dich. clarkii) 22 inches. Colymbus holbelli 18 to 20 and a half inches; C. auritus 12.5 to 15.25 inches and C. nigricollis californicus 9 to 10.5 inches. : J L___Shafelat,-Foewit Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 131 To some extent this may simplify matters, with respect to making correct : ences, in the case of fossil long bones of grebes; while, on the other % nd, the marked variations in these bones themselves render such refer- _ ences very puzzling. “eae os birds, turkeys (Meleagride) are good examples of these great erences in the lengths of the long bones due to age, sex, and other condi- or This fact I have already pointed out in another connection.’ There are, in this collection, several hundred fossil bones of the larger ecies of Grebes. In their general characters, the majority of these bones agree very closely with the corresponding ones in such a form as 4ichmo- phorus occidentalis, and only slight departures are seen in others. Some idea may be gained of their number, when I state that I find more than seventy coracoids of the larger species of grebes, and over fifty femora. There are no skulls beyond a few fragmentary pieces, and a few portions of mandibles. There are over fifty pieces representing the sacrums and the codssified dorsal vertebre of these grebes. Only the anterior parts of a few Ta sternums are present; some cervical vertebra; scapule; many long bones of i tig limbs, and so on. ____ Figs. 68 to 90 inclusive of Plate XII of this paper, give a very good _ idea of the proportional variations in size of these grebes’ coracoids. Such _ bones as are figured in Figs. 70, 71, 73, 80, and others, are, without any . doubt whatever, from Achmophorus occidentalis (fossil) ;. but in such cases ’ q p Ge Figs. 76, 79, 88, 89 and 90, we have quite a different question presented us. All these latter are too short and small for old, adult, male specimens of _ Aichmophorus occidentalis; but any one of them may belong to females or _ subadults of either sex of that species, and we would have no way of de- termining the point with certainty in any case. This for the reason that there were several species of grebes on those ancient lakes of Oregon, and we find the fossil bones of all of them in this collection. So that such a grebe’s coracoid, as is shown in Figs. 79 or 88 for example, may have be- - longed to a specimen of Holbeell’s Grebe (Colymbus holballi) or to some other As stated above, I did not find any humerus of these larger grebes — and of 4ichmophorus occidentalis in particular — that had attained quite the size of that bone of any existing species to which it may have belonged: _ This is well shown in the case of the Western Grebe (4. occidentalis) in - Plate XIII. Fig. 91 gives the humerus of the last-named bird, from a speci- _ men prepared by Cope and myself. It will be noted that it is longer than 7 my other humerus on the Plate, and I may say in the collection. The as ‘Shufeldt, R. W. On Fossil Bird-Bones Obtained by Expeditions of the University of a Pennsylvania from the Bone Caves of Tennessee. Amer. Nat., July, 1897, pp. 645-650. 132 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, humeri shown in Figs. 94, 97 and 100, show very well the greater develop- ment of the ulnar crest, as compared with that feature in the humerus of an existing specimen (Fig. 91). One or two of these humeri are very considerably shorter than the one shown in Fig. 91; and, as they are very dark or dull black and smooth, I take it that they belonged to specimens of Colymbus holbelli. Figs. 94, 95 and 96 of Plate XIII are humeri, which, had they been perfect, would, beyond any doubt, have been fully the size of the bone shown in Fig. 91; but then their ulnar crests would have been different and more prominently pro- duced. What has been stated with respect to the humerus will also apply to the other long bones of the pectoral limb. Many of the avian une in the collection are broken, while many others are very perfect. For a grebe’s ulna, I selected the one shown in Fig. 116 of Plate XIV, and compared it with one of 2. occidentalis, as set forth in the Explanation of Plates beyond. Both the ulna and radius in average birds have many characters in com- mon; and, as they vary considerably for sex, age and other causes, I have used them with extreme caution in making references on these accounts. However, the ulna shown in Fig. 116 is from an adult, and more than likely belonged to a C. holbelli. Only a few of the two carpal bones occur in the collection; I made no attempt to refer them, and for very obvious reasons. This also applies to phalangeal joints of manus. With respect to the carpo-metacarpus, we have a very different proposi- tion. This long bone in a grebe is very distinctive, as will be appreciated by a study of those presented in Plate XIV, Figs. 103 to 110 inclusive. These bones are referred to quite fully in the Explanation of Plates at the end of this paper. At first glance, the bone shown in Fig. 102, Plate XIV, was thought to be from a grebe; but a more careful study of it revealed the fact that it came from some medium-sized Heron, and it has all the characters — - as far as they have been preserved — of an Ardea, though possibly it may have belonged to a Botawrus. Unfortunately, I have no long bones of the limbs of that genus before me. Figs. 111 to 128 inclusive of Plate XIV give various other bones of the skeletons of grebes for study; and, in the case of the vertebra, it will be noted how perfectly some of them have been preserved. The superior mandibles, presented in Figs. 111 and 113, clearly show how these grebes varied in size. ¢ Perhaps no Plate, in the present paper, better explains what I have endeavored to make clear in the last few paragraphs than Plate XV. The twenty figures included upon it are all femora of grebes, taken natural size on anterior and posterior views. There is no question in my mind but what 1 13.) ——__ Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 133 ie : = a ‘iebonee shown in Figs. 129, 130 and 140 on this Plate belonged to speci- mens of Aichmophorus occidentalis; more than likely some of the others did, r all the others did, for that matter. The chances are, however, that such mora as are here shown in Figs. 138, 143, 144, 148 and others, belonged to eral individuals of Colymbus holballi. There can really be no certainty — absolute certainty — on this point, however, as we see from the Plate, that between such a big femur as the one shown in Fig. 140, and the small e in Fig. 144, there is a complete gradation of others, each varying by ly a millimeter or more. Therefore, in so far as the femur is concerned — dging from the material at hand — it would appear to be impossible to say, in such a series, exactly where one species began and the other left off. iis matter will be touched upon again further on in this paper. _ Coming to the tibio-tarsus of these grebes, we are met by the same _ problem that confronted us in the other bones of the skeleton. This I have Diy iiebvored to demonstrate by the Figures presented on Plates XVI and a ‘Xvil. If we allow that the tibio-tarsus shown in Fig. 152 be that of a _. subadult 42. occidentalis,— and I believe it to have belonged to an individ- ual of that species,— then all the bones on Plate XVI were of this Western 5 Grebe. With the exception of the one shown in Fig. 155, they are all fossil. _ The several ways in which the tibio-tarsus varies — or did vary in the aaeaerot 4. occidentalis, during Pleistocene time in Oregon, indeed where- ever the species occurred during that epoch — are well shown in Figs. 156- 176 of Plate XVII. This is a valuable character display, and worthy of thought and close study. ‘There are upwards of sixty tarso-metatarsi of the larger species of grebes in this collection, and some three or four in the lot belonging to the U. S. ___ National Museum. All these I have studied and compared with especial are; for not only are they very instructive, but they shed considerable light on the variations to be found in these bones of the species to which ____ they belonged. Moreover, Mr. L. H. Miller has likewise written on this subject, and described a fossil extinct grebe from Fossil Lake, Oregon, which he has named A’chmophorus lucasi.1 When Mr. Miller described this extinct grebe, the material at hand for the purpose consisted of six __ femora and four tarso-metatarsi (“tarsi”), and he arrived at his conclusions ____ by the very uncertain test of averages (p. 86) —i. e., the averages based on ___ the lengths of the long bones employed in making the species. _____ Thave shown above, that in the case of any of these long bones (either fossil or recent species) of grebes, they vary in their ih with inepeck to a? ¥ a 1 Miller, Loye Holmes. Additions to the Avifauna of the Pleistocene “Deposite at Fossil Lake, Oregon. Bull. Dept. Geol. Univer. Cal. Pub. Vol. 6. No. 4, pp. 79-87. (Issued Feb. 4, 1911). 134 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, sex, age, species, etc. For example, we might have fifty femora or tarso- metatarsi to examine,— all. of the larger species of grebes (fossil) from Fossil Lake. In lengths, they may run all the way from 70 to 80 milli- meters; were they all confined to one species — and when that species became adult its tarso-metatarsus always measured 80 mm. — then the taking of averages would be of distinct value in determining new species. But this is not the case; for we have at least two species of big fossil grebes from the locality in question, and we may have, for example, a tarso-meta- tarsus of an adult Achmophorus occidentalis measure 80 mm.; or every five or six of them out of the fifty, including a few females of the same species, measure 77.5 mm.; a few of Colymbus holbelli adult males also measure 77.5 mm.; and a lot of subadults of both species ranging in length between 70 and 75mm. In other words, we have gradation in lengths in a long bone - of two species to take the average of the same, with the view of establishing a third species. Such data, based on such material — everything else being equal — is useless, and for this reason I did not take averages of the lengths, in the case of the long series of these bones I have at hand at this writing. Mr. Miller gives the length of the femur of chmophorus occidentalis — the existing species — as 43.8 mm. I take the femur here shown in Fig. 130 of Plate XV to be a fossil femur of this species, and it has an extreme length of 50 mm.! while the one shown in Fig. 138 of the same Plate has a length of but 42 mm. There are various measurements with respect to the lengths of these bones between these extremes, as they are shown on Plate VII. The gradations are very perfect and gradual. Twenty years ago, when I first examined these fossil bones, I took all the smaller ones to belong to Colymbus holbelli, and all the longest ones to 42. occidentalis. In other words, femora, exactly like the ones figured by Mr. Miller as belonging to his 4. lucasi, I described as belonging to 42. occidentalis. Were that bone perfect, it is precisely such a femur as the ones I exhibit in Figs. 131, 132, 133 and others of Plate XV of the present paper, and they are femora of Aichmo- phorus occidentalis. Still more deceptive, unreliable and unfortunate are the data obtained through the application of length-averages when we employ the tarso- metatarsus for this, and expect to establish new extinct species thereby. This is well shown in Plate X VIII of the present paper. On it, I have repro- duced Mr. Miller’s figure of the tarso-metatarsus of his Aichmophorus lucasi, exactly the same length (74.6 mm.), Fig. 183. Next to it, I present the photograph (Fig. 182) of a fossil tarso-metatarsus of a grebe from Fossil Lake, which is precisely like the one Mr. Miller figures (Fig. 183),— even to the imperfection present at the distal end. It measures in length, from ) 1018) __Shufeldt;~Foseit Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 135 the “intercotylar tuberosity to external trochlea,” 74.6 mm., and is con- _ sidered by me to be the tarso-metatarsus of either a female 2. occidentalis or a male C. holballi (adults),— most probably the latter. Figure 181 in _ this Plate X is from a recent specimen of 4’. occidentalis, and has a length _ of 79 mm.; Mr. Miller states that the tarso-metatarsus in recent specimens re of 4. occidentalis has an average length of only 70 mm. ‘The tarso-metatarsi of Plate X VIII, seen in Figs. 185-190 inclusive, appear to have all belonged to specimens of . occidentalis, although the shafts are _ thicker, from side to side, in some than they are in others. (Compare 186 and 188 in this matter.) All this being true, it would be interesting to ___ know to what species of grebes the fossil tarso-metatarsi belonged, shown in 3 Figs. 178, 179 and 184 of my Plate XVIII of the present paper. The bone _ shown in Fig. 178 has a length of only 69 mm.; while in the one shown in Fig. 184, it equals 86.5 mm.,— a difference of 17.5 mm. The bone shown in Fig. 177, is an extremely heavy and thick one, as compared with the one shown in Fig. 189. _--——s Among all the phalanges of pes, shown in Plate XIX, it is not difficult to __ pick out a number which belonged to different species of grebes,— as, for example, the characteristic joints shown in v and f’ and others. In my Philadelphia Academy memoir, it was set forth that the fossil remains of Colymbus auritus probably occurred in the Oregon Desert Region fauna, during the Pleistocene; and that Colymbus nigricollis cali- & fornicus and Podilymbus podiceps certainly did, as fossil bones of these two ___ Species were met with in the Cope collection. During the present examina- _ tion, I have been enabled to examine the skeleton of an adult &* Colymbus __ auritus (No. 17273, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); and, in comparing some of its ___ bones with certain fossil ones in the collection now before me, I find that a number of the latter can, with certainty, be referred to this grebe. Among ____ these, there are two tarso-metatarsi which certainly belonged to specimens _. of a species so close to Colymbus auritus that there can be no doubt as to their identity. It is very remarkable that such a number of the fossil bones, of so many of the avian species of the Pleistocene period, agree so __well —in all particulars — with the corresponding bones in the skeletons of their several representatives of modern time,— that is, in our recent birds. = As previously stated, a number of fossil bones, representing Colymbus __nigricollis californicus and Podilymbus podiceps, are to be found in the eollection. (See Figs. 443-447, 450-456, 463, Plate XXXVIII, and Figs. 457-462, Plate XX XVIII); these have all been carefully recompared with the corresponding bones in skeletons of recent birds of the same species. After setting aside all of the fossil material in this collection, representing 4. occidentalis, Colymbus holbelli, C. auritus, C. n. californicus and Podi- 136 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, lymbus podiceps, 1 still find some fossil bones of grebes that cannot he referred to any of these species, and they therefore represent new species of the North American Pygopodes. Descriptions of New Species of Extinct North American Pygopodes. Colymbus parvus, n. sp. (Figs. 474-477, 481-483, Pl. XX XIX.) This was a true grebe, considerably smaller than either Aichmophorus occidentalis or Colymbus holbelli, and notably larger than either Colymbus nigricollis californicus or Colymbus dominicus. Its remains are represented in this collection by at least nine (9) fossil bones, all of which are sufficiently perfect for the purpose of making a correct reference. Seven of these bones are figured on Plate XX XVIII of this paper, they being two humeri, two tarso-metatarsi, and three coracoids. Beyond their relatively small size, there is nothing peculiar about any of these bones,— all being wholly pygopodine in character. The tarso-metatarsus has a length of 56. mm. (approx.) (Fig. 477). The three coracoids shown are much worn, and very pale in color. The characteristic anterior sternal facet, in all of these coracoids, is very indistinct, as may be observed from the Figures; and this leads me to believe that these three coracoids may have belonged to some other species of water bird, notwithstanding the fact that all their other characters point to a grebe’s coracoid. If, however, the aforesaid facets prove to be not present, I would say that these bones did not belong to a grebe, and should therefore be set aside. In this connection I would say, that in the collection there are two other coracoids, small in size, and typically grebe in character, which I can, without hesitation, say belonged to the present new extinct species. Both of these are black in color, from adult individuals, nearly perfect, and one rather larger than the other. The longer one measures, in extreme height (from highest point on summit to apex of outer, lower angle) 41 mm., and the shorter one, on the same line, 39 mm. Podilymbus magnus, n. sp. (Figs. 439, 440, 449, 461, 462. Plate XX XVIII.) Represented in the collection by two tarso-metatarsi and a coracoid,— all three bones being more or less perfect. Either of these tarso-metatarsi present identically the same characters as are found in the corresponding bone of a specimen of Podilymbus podiceps “is, ___Shufeldt; Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 137 . Wo. 17272, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), with this exception that they are very ‘; larger, as well as longer. In Podilymbus magnus, the tarso- us measured 44 mm. in length, while in P. podiceps it measures but um. Both of these bones of P. magnus (lefts) are given in Plate XXVIII (Figs. 439, 440) to show their agreement. It is not at all likely " t they belonged to the same individual. They are compared with the 30-7 of C. auritus, in that they may not be confounded with that - This is also done in the case of the coracoids (Plate XX XVIII, Figs. 1); and it will be observed that the coracoid of P. magnus is notably sr than the coracoid in Podilymbus podiceps. In the latter species 7 it has an average height of 30.5 mm. (measured from highest point 3 ‘on summit to apex of lower, outer angle); while in P. magnus, this same line i res 34. mm. Fossil coracoids of Podilymbus podiceps, agreeing in all tic with those bones in recent birds of that species, are shown in gs. 461, 462 of Plate XX XVIII, and these are there to compare with Fig. . The shaft of the coracoid of P. magnus is longer and slenderer than > shaft of the coracoid in P. podiceps,— actually, as well as relatively. _ Plate XXXVIII (Figs. 439-463) presents numerous fossil bones of the r American grebes, and these can be duly compared, by any student the subject, with the corresponding bones as they occur in our smaller species of the existing avifauna. Up to the present writing, there have been no species of Loons (Urina- id) or Auks (Alcidz) found in the collection; and, as to the Lariformes, were all treated with sufficient detail in my Philadelphia Academy i Me foesil remains of Albatrosses (Diomedeide) have thus far come into hands of science from that region, and this likewise applies to the 4 _ Among the Steganopodes — apart from what little was found of a fossil n— the principal bird noted was Phalacrocorax macropus, Cope’s wiiis) STEGANOPODES. Phalacrocorax macropus Cope. (Figs. 259-288, Plates XII-XV. Fig. 486, Plate XX XIX.) In my Philadelphia Academy memoir, I present the place of original description of this large, extinct cormorant,' first made known to science 1 Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of the Terr., Vol. IV, No. 2 (1878), pp. 386, 387. 138 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, by Cope. I also give the number and names of the bones representing it in the collection, and their condition. There is, too, a Table presented in that contribution, in which is given comparative measurements of certain bones of P. macropus and P. carbo. Some of these bones I briefly ’ describe and state that “In the main, the characters presented on the part of its skeleton (P. macropus) agree with those Cormorants now retained in the subgenus Phalacrocorax, rather than with the Urile group.” (pp. 400, 401.) The present reéxamination of the material tends to confirm this latter opinion; and, as the fossil bones of P. macropus have never been illustrated, I have devoted four Plates and many figures to them in the pa paper. (Plates XX—X XIII.) In comparing some of these with the corresponding ones of a skeleton of Phalacrocorax auritus, it was not with the view of giving the impression that the extinct form was most nearly related to that cormorant; but rather that I found the skeleton of P. auritus most convenient to use for the purpose. (No. 19262, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) Upon comparison, I find the osteological characters of P. macropus agree better with the corresponding ones in a skeleton of P. urile at hand (No. 18982, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) than with any other form. The tarso-metatarsus shown in Plate XIV as Fig. 283, is the same bone as shown in Plate XXIII on side view (Fig. 288), where it is compared with the corresponding bone in the pelvic limb of P. auritus. It will be noted, that the morphology of the hypotarsus in these two forms is somewhat different, especially in the matter of the delicate, spine-like process extend- ing downward on the thickened posterior margin of it, in the case of P. auritus, which feature is lacking in P. macropus as well as in P. urile and P. pelagicus. LIMICOLZ. Beyond what has already been set forth in my Philadelphia Academy memoir, I have nothing to add to the description there given of the smaller species of “Shore-birds.”” Upon making a final attempt to ascertain to what species the few bones of them in the collection belonged, I found it was almost, or quite impossible, todo so. The recent species are very numerous; and, in a good proportion of them, the Jong bones of the limbs closely resemble each other,— and it is only the fossil long bones that we have. Such a task would be very much like correctly referring a mixed lot of fossil ulne of the genus Dendroica to the proper species. To start with, we had nothing else to go by, in the way of fossil bones, and did not even know that the ones we had were those of the Warblers of that genus. 3] Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 139 FULICARLE. (Fig. 480, Plate XXXIX.) __ Inmy previous publication in the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy, ve quite fully all I had discovered with respect to the genus Fulica, and e presence of F. americana and the extinct species F. minor Shuf. in the ma of Oregon during Pleistocene time. There is nothing to add to ecount, which will, in any way, render it more useful to the vertebrate VALIAN. igs. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11-13, Plate IX. Figs. 472, 473, Plate XXXIX.) my former paper, cited several times above, it was shown that this tion contained fossil bones which belonged to Tympanuchus pallidi- uctus, Pediocates p. columbianus, and such extinct forms as P. lucasi uf .P. nanus Shuf., and Paleoteétrix gilli Shuf.; but no mention is made of a ng found any remains of Centrocercus apiakdidinus. There were, ever, a number of bones which evidently belonged to some large, ullinac species not then recognized. As fossils, they were different or n the hiss; they appeared as though they had been taken from some roleanic formation, and a matrix had adhered to a number of them. Be is it may, they were not referred to Centrocercus. \ the small lot from the National Museum was submitted to me to the Sage Cock, without even having those of recent specimens d for comparison. Then a small lot of fossil bones from Fossil Lake, n, Which had belonged to the Cope collection, but which I had never n. before was sent me by Dr. Matthew of the American Museum of oe: In this lot there were also some bones of Centrocercus |! mus. So that, taken altogether, the number of fossil bones of _ this species, which I have examined in these several lots, is more than 4 oe to establish the fact that that grouse was an abundant species in the E Desert Region during Pleistocene time, and that in the skeleton at st, they agreed exactly with their descendants of present time. This ll be appreciated by examining the numerous figures I present on Plates and XLI of the present paper. 140 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, . ANSERES. (Numerous Figures and many Plates.) In my previous papers I have already demonstrated the presence of a large number of anserine fowls during Pleistocene time in the Oregon Desert Region. Their fossil bones were found in abundance at Fossil and Silver Lakes and elsewhere. The Mergansers, Ducks, Geese and Swans were far too numerous to list in this place; but their names appear in the recapitulation at the end of this paper. Besides Lophodytes eucullatus — the well-known hooded merganser — there were no fewer than ten species of ducks in that ancient fauna, of which fossil remains were found,— de- monstrating in each case that the species still exists in our presen dey avifauna. Owing to the greater variety of bird skeletons in the Collection of U. 8. National Museum, I am enabled to considerably augment this assemblage by still other species in the present paper. In Fig. 403 of Plate XXXII, there is given a right carpo-mataoegias which I have carefully compared with the corresponding bone in the skele- tons of Mergus americanus. It completely agrees with these in its general characters, and departs from them only in the matter of length, being a trifle shorter. Possibly, and I think very probably, it belonged to a female of this species, as the female Mergus americanus is considerably smaller than the male. This carpo-matacarpus is very much larger than the corre- sponding bone in a Canvas-back or a Mallard. Mergansers of the genus Mergus possess a very characteristic femur, which, everything else being equal, is invariably shorter and thicker than that bone as we find it among the Anatine. This is well exemplified in the proximal moiety of the fossil femur of Mergus serrator shown in Fig. 364 of Plate XXX. This bone agrees exactly with the corresponding part of a femur of a recent Mergus serrator,— a skeleton of which is to be found in the Collections of U. S. National Museum (No. 16626). With this specimen before us, there is no question but what this merganser was to be found — though perhaps not abundantly —in the ancient avifauna of Oregon. Indeed, I am of the opinion that the Mergine were comparatively rare during the Pleistocene time in North America, or else their fossil remains would be more plentiful along with all the other Anatide found at Fossil and Silver Lakes. There is another part of a fossil femur of a species of Mergus seen in Fig. 398 of Plate XX XI; but the imperfections present in it preclude the possi- bility of making a correct reference for it. Figures of such bones, however, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 141 presented, in that we may — in the event of obtaining additional | from these ancient lakes of Oregon — have illustrations before us : has already been obtained from those localities, and in this way stance in making diagnoses. -all the pedal phalanges figured on Plate XIX, there are doubtless a number which belonged to different species of ducks found at Fossil and when our museum collections contain specimens of all the of both sexes and various ages, of North American Anatide, the will be able to readily identify these fossil toe-joints from the ‘shown upon this Plate. At the present time, and in the absence of aterial, such a task could give satisfactory results only in a com- ely few instances; and there would always be a doubt attached to se, due to the fact that our material was not complete. . Ducks m the genus Marila were fairly represented in the Pleistocene a a under consideration; for example, there is, in this collection, a coracoid apparently representing Marila americana,— the Redhead. bone is figured on Plate XX XI, Fig. 384. In several respects, however, closely resembles the coracoid in a small or medium-sized Branta — anta bernicla glaucogastra for example — especially in the more tuberous c of the bone, and the wider valley between the summit and scapular wess. The facets at the sternal end are somewhat different,— all of ch inclines me to believe that, eventually, this bone may be found to re belonged to some of the smaller brants of the genus Branta. If this ies about, it still remains for some one to discover fossil bones, at those ent lakes, representing the Redhead (M. americana). Passing to the Canvas-back (Marila valisineria), the fossils at hand, | g that species, leave no doubt whatever as to its presence in the f wna in the Pleistocene of Oregon. These: are thoroughly illustrated the several figures on Plate XXX. They are there duly compared with corresponding bones in a skeleton of a recent specimen (No. 16245, . U.S. Nat. Mus.), and in every instance they are completely identical; other words, there have been no appreciable skeletal changes in the case Marila valisineria since the Pleistocene in North America. The carpo- lacarpus, in both fossil and recent specimens, has a length of 51.5 mm., 1 the femur 49. mm. What there is of the fragment of the tarso-meta- sus, shown in Fig. 377, is likewise distinctly M. valisineria, and identical h that portion of the bone as seen in Fig. 378 of Plate XXX. As to Marila marila and M. collaris, their being represented in the ¢ollection by fossil bones, depends entirely upon the fact as to whether the ulna, given in Fig. 388, Plate XX XI, belonged to one or the other of those = and not to Marila affinis. With respect to the latter duck, how- 142 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, — ever, there is not the slightest doubt but what the fossil coracoid shown in Fig. 392 of Plate XX XI, belonged to an individual of that species. It agrees in every particular with the corresponding bone in a skeleton of a recent specimen (No. 18605, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). The fossil bone is not quite perfect, being slightly chipped at the outer sternal angle, resulting in the loss there of a small, upturned apophysis, seen in Fig. 393. In each case, the straight line, passing from the highest point on the summit of the bone to the apex of the inner sternal angle below, measures 45.5 mm. So well do these two coracoids agree (Fig. 392, 393) that the minute ridges on the posterior sternal moiety, indicating the insertion of the fibres of the sub- clavius muscle, are almost identical in the two bones.! When I first examined the material composing this collection, I had at hand no skeleton of a recent specimen of the Buffle-head duck (Chari- tonetta albeola); but since then, the National Museum has acquired one (No. 16627), and I have it before me at the present writing. Fossil bones, which I formerly suspected as having belonged to this species (Figs. 366-369, Plate XXX), have been compared by me with this skeleton, and I can now announce that the former are of Charitonetta albeola, and this species can be added to the long list of Anatid@ that flourished on these lakes during the Pleistocene period. There are four fossil carpo-metacarpi of C. albeola in the collection, and the perfect ones (2), as well as the one of the existing specimen, have each a length of 33. mm. As in the case of these carpo-metacarpi, the proximal end of a humerus (fossil) of this duck is, in every way, identical with that part of the bone in recent specimens. (Fig. 366, 367.) Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) I can now state with cer- tainty were to be found in the ancient avifauna of Oregon here being con- sidered. The fossils representing this species, however, are few; but such as they are, they agree exactly with the corresponding bones in the skeletons of adults of this duck now existing. There is a fossil coracoid of a Harlequin duck (H. histrionicus) in the Collection of the U. S. National Museum (Plate IX, Fig. 16), and it agrees, character for character, as well as in the matter of size, with the correspond- ing bone in a skeleton of an existing specimen. (No. 223756, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) The counterpart of this bone is to be found in the present collection (Fig. 360, Plate XXX), and this has also been compared with the bone in a recent skeleton. Any of these coracoids —be the specimen a fossil] or a recent one — measure in a straight line, from the highest point on n the head of the bone to its internal angle below, 39. mm. Shufeldt, R. Ww. The Myology of the Raven, p. 31, fig. 8, and p. 94. London, 1890. ¥ 3013) _— Shufeldt, Fossit-Pauna of the Desert Region of oie, 143 mf ty _ Among fossil coracoids of birds, the commonest imperfection consists in __ the breaking off of more or less of the outer sternal angle. This considerably alters the appearance of the bone, but does not destroy its usefulness for the _ purpose of diagnosis nearly so much as one would suppose. The head of a fossil humerus, which belonged to an Histrionicus histrioni- 3 -eus in this collection (Fig. 362), is contrasted with the same part of that a bone from a recent individual (Fig. 363); and from this comparison, one nay see how much the bones of the long-departed birds of this species of hose ancient lakes, agreed with harlequins of the present-day avifauna. ___ Osteologically, there is no difference, however much they may have differed e in plumages or in other respects. nie My reéxamination of the material in this collection has resulted in still _ another interesting discovery, and adds still another duck to the list. This _ is none other than Steller’s Eider (Polysticta stelleri); and, from the many fossil bones I find of this species in the collection, it must have been very numerous during the Pleistocene in this region. There are no fewer than _ fourteen (14) fossil coracoids of this duck at hand, together with three (3) proximal moieties of humeri; an imperfect carpo-metacarpus (Fig. 374), and a femur, which I am inclined to believe belonged to some other species ___ of duck (Fig. 380). However, several of the coracoids are absolutely 3 ; =, peidect, and any one of the fourteen agrees exactly with a coracoid of an ____ adult specimen of this eider of the present time. This likewise applies to the humerus; so that, osteologically, Polysticta stelleri has undergone no ____ change since the Pleistocene period in North America. (Figs. 370, 371, q _ Plate XXX.) 4 a In commenting upon my Philadelphia Academy memoir, Mr. L. H. _ Miller, in his above cited paper (p. 86), makes the following statement with _ respect to the Ruddy Duck (Erismatura jamaicensis), to wit: it “seems to have been rare in the Pleistocene fauna of the Fossil Lake region. It is not mentioned in Schuffeldt’s [sic] report on the extensive collections examined by him.” _ On page 406 of the “report” he refers to, I say: “Anas strepera and Erismatura rubida may also have figured in former times along with the other fossil forms we have been examining.” It would appear that Mr. Miller found a perfect fossil tarsus of this species. Quite a number of fossil bones in this collection belonged to skeletons of — Saagmageonag which came from Fossil Lake, Oregon. For example the humerus on Plate XLII, Fig. 540, which lacks its head, belonged to a _ duck of that species, as did possibly also the two femora in the same Plate, _ shown as Figs. 550, 553. Either of the latter is almost perfect, as is 4 Dither fone, of this duck, shown in Fig. 397 of Plate XXXI. These 144 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, femora, with the exception of the bone shown in Fig. 397, are somewhat slenderer, and with smaller heads than in the femur in the skeleton of a recent specimen (No. 11220, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), while the excepted one agrees with the latter exactly in all particulars, and belonged to a Ruddy Duck. Although I state, in the Explanation of Plates beyond, that the comacala shown in Fig. 390 of Plate XX XI (fossil) belonged to this species, I entertain some doubt on that point; for, while it comes very close to that of the recent specimen (Fig. 391), there are some differences, as for example, the greater width of the valley between the head of the bone (in the fossil one) and the scapular process below it (precoracoid process of Gadow). This is a radical difference; and if the coracoid in Fig. 390 belonged to a Ruddy duck, the bird has changed considerably, osteologically, since the Pleisto- cene period. I am more inclined to believe that the coracoid shown in Fig. 390 belonged to some other species of duck, and this for the reason that the femora shown in Figs. 396 and 397 are identically alike. This brings us to a consideration of the tarso-metatarsi figured in Figs. 394 and 395 of Plate XXXI. Figure 395 is from a recent specimen (No. 11220, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), the same which furnished the coracoid (Fig. 391) and the femur (Fig. 396), while Fig. 394 is fossil. These two bones are identical in characters, differing only a trifle in lengths. The fossil one, Fig. 394, has a length of 34.5 mm., and the recent one, Fig. 395, a millimeter more, or 35.5 mm._ I am inclined to think that the one shown in Fig. 394 came from a female Ruddy Duck, which will account for its smaller size. There is no question, however, but that it belonged to a specimen of Erismatura jamaicensis, and would of itself be sufficient evidence of the presence of that species at Fossil Lake during the Pleistocene period. Indeed, it was upon a “ perfect tarsus” that Mr. Miller established this fact. (Geol. Bull. Univ. Cal. Vol. 6. 1911, p. 86.) ANSERINZ AND CYGNIN. (Numerous Figures and Plates.) On Plate XXIV are presented some interesting figures of fossil bones of the Snow Goose (Chen hyperboreus), and of the White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). These are sufficiently described in my Philadelphia Academy memoir (pp. 408, 409), but are now figured for the first time. Carpo-metacarpi of several species of existing and extinct geese are also presented on Plate X XV, and these, arrayed as they are, are very valuable for the purposes of comparison. All of these have been more or less fully | Shufldt, Foon Faina of the Desert Region of Oregon. 145 i ed, either by Cope or myself, but never heretofore illustrated as they this Plate. In Fig. 305 will be noted a peculiar pathological excre- a the extremity of the pollex metacarpal. This occurs not only in : fossil sp pec mens, but is found in the same locality on the carpo-matacarpi of -exi ng ones. This applies particularly to Swans and Geese, but it is likewise found in the same place among the larger Raptores. Many years ago, I more or less fully described this interesting feature.! It is shown to some extent on the bone given in Fig. 304; and, in the case of an existing at hand, this enlargement is of very considerable size atin te Z us, No. 19384, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). - In that we may compare the fossil and recent scapule@ of these Snow sii E Blue Geese, I have presented, on Plate XXVI, several figures to that end. oe . 306 and 307, for example, we find the anterior portions of the - scapula (fossil of Chen cwrulescens; and in Fig. 312, on the same Plate, a of an existing specimen of this Blue Goose. It will be observed that he; are identical in all particulars. The gneumatic foramen, on the dorsal » of the extreme anterior end, is characteristic of the scapule in Geese, but is absent in Swans, both recent and extinct. (See Figs. 309, 310.) As we would expect, the scapula of Chen h. nivalis is larger than in C. _ ewrulescens, as the bird itself is larger, and this is well seen in Fig. 308, which is a part of a fossil scapula of a Greater Snow Goose. Still another - fossil one of this species is given in Fig. 314. Curiously enough, most of the larger scapule in this collection (fossils) have been broken in two,— the hinder portion mage egy been lost in every instance. ayn on Plate XXXVI (Figs. 426, 427), the same is done ‘ith respect » femora of the birds. Such comparisons show very well that, although inthe rs of bones great difference in size is exhibited, the corresponding a ters in all are essentially the same. And, when we come to consider ‘a moment the differences in such bones, due to individual variation, , age, and time,— what an easy matter it is, in the case of large collec- a * like the present one, to find material upon which to base new and extinct species. _Anser condoni, and the fossil material representing it, has been so fully and illustrated in my Academy memoir that it would be quite to add anything in regard to it here. (See Plate IX, Fig. 3.) As “T Shufeiae, R. W. Notes on Paleopathology. Pop. Sel. Monthy, Vol. XLU, No. 5, E new York, Mar., 1893, pp. 679-684. Attention is invited to Fig. 2. of that contribution. _ (Compare with Fig. 422, Pi. XXVII of the present paper; it is the same bone. Fig. 2, how- _ @ver, in the ‘Popular Science Monthty' article should be corrected so as to read anco mal for “outer aspect,” and Olor matthewi for Olor paloregonus.) 146 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, to Anser albifrons gambeli, Cope has long ago established its presence in the avifauna of the Pleistocene of Oregon, and all that is required with respect to this goose here, is to illustrate the fossil bones from which he made his references.'_ This I have accomplished through numerous figures on the Plates; for example, in Plate XXIV, fossil bones of this, the White- fronted Goose, are compared with the corresponding ones of Chen hyper- boreus; and with respect to Anser a. gambeli, the bones here used were Cope’s types. Again, in Plate XXXII (Figs. 408-411), we have a femur, two coracoids, and a part of a carpo-metacarpus of this goose shown,— all natural size, and agreeing in all respects with the corresponding bones in the skeletons of recent examples, with which I have compared them. Already it has been pointed out, in my previous writings, that the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) was an abundant species on the waters of the lakes of central Oregon during the Pleistocene period. Numbers of its fossil bones, from both adult and subadult individuals of both sexes, form a part of the collection here being considered. Being above medium size, they are, almost without exception, in a fragmentary condition; for, with fossils like these, of the birds from Fossil Lake, it is the big bones which get broken up, and not those of the smaller species. For example, the long bones of an adult Green-winged Teal (Nettion carolinense) are the ones we find unbroken, as compared with those of the Swans, larger Brant geese, etc. This seems to hold particularly true of the humerus. Fossil bones, fragmentary and otherwise, of the Canada Goose (B. canadensis) are grouped on Plate XX VIII of this paper, and they give an ex- cellent idea as to how we find them at Fossil Lake. Fig. 334 exhibits very well the codssified excrescence on the pollex metacarpal described in a previous paragraph. There might have been some little doubt attached to the proximal part of the tarso-metatarsus shown in Fig. 343; but this doubt was dispelled in a way that sometimes — though very rarely — happens. At first I was inclined to believe that it belonged to a Branta hypsibata Cope, and it was not until the Plate was entirely finished that I discovered that this piece belonged with the part shown in Fig. 340,— not the least particle having been lost; the two parts were mixed up with all the rest of the collection. By the merest chance, I found they fitted together, and when so fitted, the line of fracture cannot be discerned, while it was at once evident that the bone belonged to a Branta canadensis. As to the toe-joint in Fig. 342, I may say that it agrees exactly with the Cope, E.D. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terrs., 1878, IV, p. 389. “oa ___ Shufeldt;-Foseil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 147 nit phalanx of the mid-anterior toe of the left foot of a specimen of the _ existing Branta canadensis. It is viewed upon dorsal aspect; and, in order ; ‘ascertain to which foot this joint belongs, one should hold the bone with e dorsal surface toward one. When in this position, the apophysis for _ ligamentary attachment is on the outer side of the bone; so that if it is on r “the left outer side, it belongs to the left foot, and vice versa for the right. _ Other figures for Branta canadensis occur on Plate XX XIII, Fig. 415; Plate 3 , Fig. 418, and Plate XXXVI, Fig. 428. f hace are several bones, or fragments of bones, in this collection, which 4 ¥ Mikeaed to representatives of the genus Branta, that are not only from fully adult individuals, but from Geese smaller than the Canada Goose. Among these, I do not reckon either B. hypsibata or B. propinqua. Some of these _ may have belonged to Branta c. hutchinsi and others to B. c. minima; but, _ unfortunately, no skeletons of recent specimens of these two species are at hand; so this matter must remain in doubt until the aforesaid material for - bom pep is available. ____ The distal moiety of the humerus shown in Fig. 414, Plate XX XIII, I am Ss ite ventident must have belonged to an individual of the goose we now _ designate as B. c. hutchinsi; while the tibio-tarsus on the same Plate shown in Fig. 412 — although smaller than the one from a recent specimen (Fig. _ 413) —I believe to have belonged to a Canada Goose (B. canadensis). _____ There is good ground for believing that the little Cackling Goose (Branta _ minima) was also represented in this ancient avifauna of the Oregon Desert __ Region, and in support of this we find a few Brant’s fossil bones in the collection like the femur and humerus figured on Plate XX XVIII (Figs. 464 _ and 465), both of which belonged to a true Brant, and one considerably 3 smaller than Branta propinqua Shuf. Other fossil Brant bones I refer to Branta bernicla — or more properly, a perhaps, to the goose we now designate as B. b. glaucogastra — and the collection contains coracoids of such a species (Plate XXXII, Figs. 400-402, _ 404). These I have compared with coracoids belonging to skeletons of Brant in the Collections of the U. S. National Museum, and these examina- tions have convinced me of the correctness of these references. They are. shorter and otherwise smaller than the corresponding coracoids of = 17613 and 17616 (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), but agree exactly with them _ in characters. It is well known that they vary in the matter of size, both for: age and somewhat for sex, and we must make due allowance for this. ___ Nearly thirty-five years ago, Cope described the extinct goose, Branta a oe written by him Branta — The reference was made 'Cope,E.D. Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., VI, No. 2, 1878, p. 387. 148 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. i (Vol. XXX, upon a single bone, a right tarso-metatarsus, and this bone is shown in Fig. 320 of Plate XXVII of the present paper. It is imperfect, to the extent of having the hypotarsus almost entirely broken off, as well as the posterior parts of the distal trochle. This now long-extinct species was apparently about the size of Branta canadensis; but the bones of the skeleton were stouter and of different proportions. The extreme length of this bone is 90mm. The length of the tarso-metatarsus shown in Fig. 319 equals 88 mm. ; and I am very much inclined to believe it belonged to a subadult individual of Branta canadensis. As will be noted, it is a much slenderer bone than the one shown in Fig. 320. In the recent Canada goose (B. canadensis, adult, No. 17980, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), this bone has an extreme length of 93.5 mm., and a transverse width, at the middle of its shaft, of 8 mm.— this being only 6 mm. in the bone shown in Fig. 319. With these propor- tions as a guide, I have selected fossil bones of geese (Branta) out of this collection which, apparently, did not belong to Branta canadensis, and referred all such to Branta hypsibata of Cope. Examples of these bones are well shown in Plate X XVII of this paper." Some interesting fragments of bones are to be seen in Figs. 324, 326 and 327 of Plate XXVII. They are parts of lower mandibles of some large an- serine bird, and of a species that is now extinct. These pieces are all from the same species; all from adult individuals, and taken upon their outer aspects. They represent similar pieces in the collection, but the three here shown are typical. Each piece extends from just anterior to the splenial vacuity to the symphysis — or rather the symphysial portion of the dentary —all having been broken in a similar manner. These mandibles are altogether too large for the biggest of Canada Geese (B. canadensis), or, indeed, for any of our existing Swans (Olor), with examples of all of which I have compared them. However, they are distinctly goose (Anser) and not swan (Olor). In my opinion, they each and all belonged to different adult individuals of Anser condoni, and to that extinct anserine I here refer them. Branta propinqua Shuf. was fully dwelt upon in my Philadelphia Academy memoir on pages 407 and 408, and a drawing of the type humerus of this now extinct Brant was given on Pl. XV (Fig. 17) of that contribu- tion. I have nothing to add to that account here, and I will complete my history of that species with a number of illustrations of the fossil bones representing it. Plate X XIX of this paper is devoted to the purpose, and the humerus there shown in Fig. 350, is the same bone as cited above, while all the others appear for the first time. Their characters and measurements are recorded in the Academy memoir. * Compare Figs. 319, 320, Plate X XVII with Fig. 340, Plate XXVIII. Fig. 341, Plate XXVIII with Fiz. 330, Plate XXVII, and other similar coniparisons of the ‘corresponding bones. , Ae. — a 1913.) ___Shufeldt, Foseit Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 149 CYGNINZ. as aes have for a long time been recognized. ny years ago, when Professor Cope placed this collection in my lind “ip ptic and publication, he had already referred the fossil bones of a ed ‘in his paper on the subject.! He based this new species on the oe ery of “four tarso-metatarsi, two of which are nearly perfect,” of which he gave full measurements in his above cited account. He claimed t Olor paloregonus was a species rather larger than our existing Olor cinator, but somewhat smaller than Olor americanus. These “four _ tarso-me i” were sent to me along with the other material, and I was told SE dicativass' thes fossil bones represented Olor paloregonus in the _ collection, including what was subsequently submitted to me as belonging 2 to Professor Thomas Condon, which consisted of an “ imperfect humerus’”’ By and other bones. All of this material is now before me for revision, includ- a. ing © more extensive collection of skeletons of existing species of Cygnine. se ~ Professor Cope did not recognize the presence of any of our recent species of Swans in the Pleistocene fossils, nor any other species of existing _ Swans beyond his Olor paloregonus, and this opinion I have never for an _ instant questioned. Indeed, I went still further; for I carefully measured __ all the other fossil swan bones, which had been placed in my hands as be- longing to Olor paloregonus, and published those measurements in my — > hepa mg Academy memoir (p. 409). These measurements are as ‘Length of humerus (restoration from two individuals). pace wuhau Ces uiew se 290 mm , I aN i ON a al cil atle wp 255 “ a LT RP NE CPT OIE PT OE 141 “ (ag eel AR (ESTE ce tha, papa atncig ee aetii 59“ oa eh ee ee alec s canta tatacte in” 4 ce _ Now this material, taken collectively, not only contains the fossil 7 remains of Olor paloregonus of Cope,—a perfectly good extinct species q ‘aaa will stand,— but also the fossil bones of another eine extinct shisha =3 wee ee a ' Ibidem, pp. 388, 389. (Cygnus paloregonus.) 150 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, which will be referred to below; and, finally, fossil bones representing both of our existing North American species of the Cygnina,— that is, Olor - americanus and Olor buccinator. All of this will at once be recognized through the aid of the Plates, Figures and other data, which I shall now proceed to present. First, as to the material representing Olor paloregonus Cope; it consists of the following fossil bones: Nineteen vertebra (all to a few being cervicals); and, as an example of them, the nineteenth cervical vertebra is here figured (Plate XXXV, Fig. 425). Parts of the shoulder girdle (os furcula); these are correctly described and figured in my above cited paper, published by the Philadelphia Acad- emy, on Plate XVI (Figs. 18, 21 and 25). Anterior portions of two scapula, the more perfect one being given in Plate XXVI, Fig. 310 of the present paper. : One coracoid, nearly perfect (Plate XXXIV, Fig. 420), and three other coracoids. Length 97 mm. The same bone as given in list. Four fragments representing the sternum. The humerus (Condon collection), listed above as measuring 290 mm., and referred to in my former paper. Five fragments of five other humeri. Three fragments of radii (one proximal end, and two distal extremities). (The ulna listed above as measuring 255 mm. is an ulna of Olor buccinator. See Plate XXVI, Fig. 317, as compared with Fig. 318). One almost perfect carpo-metacarpus (here shown in Fig. 421 of Plate XXXV), and fragments of four other carpo-metacarpi. Length 157 mm. The one in the above list belongs to another species of Swan. Proximal phalanx of the index digit of the right pectoral limb. (Plate XXVI, Fig. 316.) Length 56 mm. (not 59 as in above list). A nearly perfect femur (Plate XXXVI, Fig. 431), and a fragment of another. Length 110 mm. Fragments of three tibio-tarsi and the proximal end of a fibula. Of the tibio-tarsi, one very imperfect anterior part, and nearly perfect examples of anterior and posterior extremities. The collection contains five (instead of four) tarso-metatarsi of Swans; and the four described by Cope as belonging to Olor paloregonus, do not belong to that extinct swan, but are fossil tarso-metatarsi representing two recent forms, namely: Olor americanus and Olor buccinator, as will be appreciated by a study of the Figures (433-438) of Plate XX XVII given ~ beyond. Three of the four tarso-metatarsi mentioned by Cope, are given in that Plate (Figs. 435, 436 and 438); while another (with imperfect extremities) is not given. This (the fourth one) evidently belonged to an 1913), Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 151 Olor paloregonus. The fifth— (not figured), is another important one; _ for, beyond all doubt, it represents a tarso-metatarsus of Olor paloregonus.' ot _ Seven phalanges of pes in the collection are hereby referred to Olor 4 . They are more or less perfect, and their great size may be a appreciated by referring to Fig. 257 of Plate XIX of this paper. It is the _ joint listed above, and measures — as there correctly stated — 67 mm. ____ In addition to five vertebra (three cervicals and two dorsals), an imper- fect upper portion of a tarso-matatarsus, and the upper and lower extremi- ties of two femora, Olor buccinator is represented in the collection by the _ fossil bones seen in the Plates and Figures of this paper. (Plate XVIII, _ Fig. 317; Plate XX XVII, Figs. 433, 435, 436.) These several bones agree __ with the corresponding ones of recent specimens of this Swan, with which I : have compared them. — Olor americanus is represented by a single tarso-metatarsus, here shown in Fig. 438 of Plate XX XVII. It presents all the characters in agreement with that bone in a recent specimen (No. 18571, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). ____ It is very considerably smaller than the tarso-metatarsus in O. buccinator. _ After setting aside all of the fossil bones in this collection, belonging to the Cygnine, of the Oregon Desert Region, I find still left a number of fossil bones belonging to another extinct Swan, which was considerably smaller than Olor paloregonus of Cope, and larger, by far, than Olor buccinator. This Swan has heretofore not been described, and I propose that it be known as Olor matthewi, naming it for Doctor William Diller Matthew of the American Museum of Natural History. Olor matthewi n. sp. Fossil bones, representing this extinct Swan of the Pleistocene of Oregon, are in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History of New York City. These bones consist of two carpo-matacarpi, for adult individuals and each nearly perfect, and of two scapula, the anterior portion only of each. A carpo-metacarpus of O. matthewi is here shown in Plate XXXV, 1 It is imperfect, being only the anterior portion of the proximal two-thirds of the bone; but it is ample to show that it belonged to a Swan much larger than any of the existing spe- cies. The transverse diameter of the summit of this tarso-metatarsus of O. paloregonus measures 2S mm.,—-.a measurement that never exceeds 26 mm. in O. buccinator, whether fossil or recent. In the tarso-metatareus shown in Fig. 432 (Plate XX XVIJI), the same diameter measures only 26 mm. Where Professor Cope got that specimen, I am not informed; nor can I say, at this writing, to what species of recent Swan it belongs. It is numbered on the shaft 8033. so it is evidently a borrowed specimen. The osteological catalogue (Birds) of the U. 8. National Museum gives no definite information on the subject. Possibly it may be the tarso-metatareus of some large foreign Swan; in any event, it is smaller than the (tarso- metatarsus of Olor paloregonus. 152 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Fig. 422, where it is compared with the corresponding bone in Olor palore- gonus and Olor buccinator. It will be observed that it is intermediate in size between these two species; while, at the same time, it exhibits all the characters of a cygnine carpo-metacarpus. Attention is invited to the form and size of the projection at the head of the bone, formed by the pollex metacarpal. It projects further from the bone than does the same part in Olor paloregonus,— relatively, as well as actually. In fact, its transverse diameter in O. matthewi equals 18 mm.; while in Olor paloregonus it is but 15 mm. Judging from this and other characters, I should say that the carpo-metacarpus of Olor matthewi was more like that bone in O. buceinator, than it is like the carpo-metacarpus of Olor paloregonus. This resemblance also applies to the scapula (Plate XVIII, Figs. 309, 310), where the marked deflection outwards of the blade of the bone, a short distance from the head, as seen in Olor paloregonus, is entirely absent in Olor matthewi and Olor buccinator, and such departures may hold true with respect to other bones of the skeletons. When adult, Olor matthewi was a swan one-third larger than Olor bue- cinator, and one-third smaller than Olor paloregonus,— all these forms probably presenting very marked specific differences. PH@NICOPTERI. Cope’s Flamingo (Phenicopterus copei, Shuf.). There is nothing to be added to the account I have given of this extinct species in my Philadelphia Academy memoir on pages 410 and 411. So far as I am aware, there has been no additional material, representing this species, collected at the Fossil Lakes of Oregon. HERODIONES. BoTauRUS LENTIGINOSUS: Owing to the fact that there was no skeleton at hand of the Bittern, when I first examined this collection, its fossil bones were not recognized with sufficient certainty to pronounce upon them. Recently, however, I have had access to a number of skeletons of Botaurus, and I can now announce positively that it formed a part of the avifauna of the Pleistocene of Oregon. In Fig. 102 of Plate XIV of this paper is shown the right carpo-metacarpus of an adult Botaurus lentiginosus, where it is com- pared with a series of that bone belonging to various species of Grebes. At first, I was under the impression that this carpo-metacarpus belonged to a medium-sized Heron of some kind, as all of our smaller herons average about the same size (length 23.5 to 24.5 inches), and I so announced it. But Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 153 critically comparing it with the right carpo-metacarpus of an adult _ B. lentiginosus (No. 19255, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), I find the two bones to agree exactly in all particulars. It is a well-known fact, that of all the 4 petotiones i in this country, no species exhibits so marked differences in the ae size, for sex and age, as does this Bittern. i Sats avifauna. “ as they were inhabitants of its shores; while eagles, grouse, ia r forms were not especially so,— not any more, perhaps, than the latter At are at the present time. Yet we find there just as many fossils of such a birds — or indeed more — than we find of the aforesaid waders. This is a little strange; for the scapula of Ardea herodias, here shown on Plate XXXIX g. 466), is, in every detail, like that part of the bone as it occurred in a t individual (Fig. 467). Possibly, herons were by no means abundant | at those ancient lakes, or perhaps they may have resorted to heronries at ‘some distance from them; and when they died, they died at those heronries, and not on the shores or in the waters of the lakes in question. However this may be, the Great Blue Heron, the Bittern, and Ardea paloccidentalis _ Shuf. all were members of the northwestern part of this country during the Pleistocene period, and, osteologically, they agreed with their descendants of modern times. ACCIPITRES. AQuita curysaitros: There were two extinct eagles of the genus Aquila _ described by me, when I first examined this collection, namely: A. pliogryps and A. sodalis, and I suspected that others of the group would be met with. In this we are not disappointed, for the Golden Eagle was likewise a visitant to the shores of those ancient Oregonian lakes, as one will appreciate by examining the fossil bones we have at hand of that species. They agree with the corresponding parts of the skeleton in the recent form, and are well shown, in a comparative way, on Plate XL of the present paper in Figs. 490, 492, and 495. AquiLa HALLeETUS: Of this species of eagle I find only one fossil bone, but there is not the slightest doubt of its identity; and, although a little imperfect, it belonged to a White-headed Eagle that existed during the 154 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Pleistocene in Oregon. It is shown in Fig. 496 of Plate XL, where it is compared with the corresponding phalanx of manus from a recent individual, also with the corresponding joint in a Golden Eagle (Fig. 493), in which latter species the form of that phalanx is very different, being much shorter and broader. Such Striges and Passeriformes as occur in this collection have already been pointed out by me in my Philadelphia Academy paper, and _— are enumerated in the recapitulation of species given below. MAMMALIA, Such fossil mammal bones as are found in this collection, occur there only through accident, as it was supposed that Professor Cope removed all of that Class for his own descriptions. However, a few remained; and a still smaller number occurred in the lot of fossils submitted me by Mr. Gilmore for description. The latter are all figured on Plate X of the present paper, and all those forming a part of the American Museum of Natural History Collection are shown on Plate XI (Figs. 61-67) and on Plate XLIII. They are principally of Leporide and Canide, with a part of a tooth of a camel (Camelops). As they are all of forms described and published long ago, they stand in no need of description in this paper. Figures of them, however, will be found to be useful to the palzontologist, and for this reason I have devoted rather more than a Plate to them, while the animals they represent are sufficiently set forth in the Explanation of Plates given beyond. Notwithstanding the fact, that some twenty-five more species of birds are here added to the Pleistocene avifauna of the Oregon Desert Region, they are all simply forms which either occur in that same section of the country now, or, if not extinct, but still occurred there, they would not have caused us any surprise; and the only remarkable ones that lived upon the shores of those vast lakes, which, during the interval of many thousands of years, have almost dried up, are Cope’s Flamingo and a giant representative each for the two families of the Swans and the Geese. Recapitulation of the extinct species of Birds found in this Collection, as well as those species of the existing American Avifauna which are likewise represented by fossil material. On the one hand, this list sets forth all the species described by me in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia or elsewhere (Vol. IX, Pls. XV-XVII, Phila. Oct. 1892, pp. 389-425), and upon the other, all the new extinct forms and the references to existing species 13} st Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 155 . ‘recorded i in the present contribution. The tabulation adopted explains _ itself; while the classification employed is my own, as previously published. (The Amer. Nat., Vol. XXXVIII, Bost. 1904, pp. 833-857.) ee All the extinct species described, or existing ones referred to prior to those noticed in the present paper, are arrayed under the year 1892, while | eae fall under the year 1912. res go ag aie 1802. 1912. hae ae PyGopopEs. 1, Aehmophorus occidentalis (Lawr.). 2. Achmophorus lucasi ? L. H. Miller. 6. Podilymbus podiceps (Linn) ea 7. Colymbus parvus sp. nov. (extinct). a > 8. Podilymbus magnus sp. nov. (extinct). 2 1392. 1912. STEGANOPODES 9. Phalacrocorax macropus Cope (extinct) 10. Pelecanus exrythrochynchus ? LONGIPENNES. 11. Larus argentatus Pontop 12. Larus robustus Shufeldt 13. Larus californicus ? 14. Larus oregonus Shufeldt 15. Larus philadelphia (Ord). 16. Xema sabini (Sabine). 17. Sterna elegans ? Gambel. 18. Sterna fosteri ? Nuttall. 19. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis Gmel LIMICcOL® 20. Lobipes lobatus (Linn.) FULIcARL”. Fulica americana Gmel s ! 156 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXTIy~ GALLINA. 23. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (Ridgway). 24. Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus (Ord). 25. Pediocetes lucasi Shufeldt. 26. Pediocetes nanus Shufeldt. 27. Paleotetriz gilli Shufeldt. 28. Centrocercus urophsianus (Bonaparte). ANSERES. 29. Mergus americanus ? Cassin. 30. Mergus serrator Linn. 31. Mergus ?. 32. Lophodytes cucullatus Linn. 33. Anas platyrhynchos Linn. 34. Mareca americana (Gmel.). 35. Nettion carolinense (Gmel.). 36. Querquedula discors (Linn.). 37. Querquedula cyanoptera ? (Vieillot). 38. Spatula clypeata (Linn.). 39. Dajfila acuta (Linn.). 40. Aix sponsa (Linn.). 41. Marila americana ? (Eyton). . 42. Marila valisineria (Wilson). 43. Marila marila (Linn.). 44. Marila affinis ? (Eyton). 45. Marila collaris ? (Donovan). £ Clangula islandica (Gmel.). 47. Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Harelda hyemalis (Linn.). ; 49. Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn.). 50. Polysticta stelleri (Pallas). 51. Erismatura jamaicensis weak ‘ 52. Chen. h. hyperboreus (Pallas). pon ae 53. Anser condoni Shufeldt. ; . —. 54. Anser albifrons gambeli Hartlaub. ; 55. Branta canadensis (Linn.). 56. Branta c. hutchinsi ? (Richardson). 57. Branta c. minima? Ridgway. - 58. Branta bernicla (Linn.). 59. Branta hypsibata (Cope). 60. Branta propinqua Shufeldt. 61. Olor paloregonus (Cope). . Olor americanus (Ord). Olor buccinator (Richardson), Olor matthewi sp. nov. FSS 158 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, EXPLANATION OF PLATES. [The figures in all the Plates are reproductions of photographs made direct from the specimens by the author.] Puate IX. [Figures 1 to 35 inclusive on Plates I and II represent material from the Paleonto- logical Collections of the U. 8. National Museum.] Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of ninth cervical vertebra, Centrocercus urophasianus; probably 9. Nat. size. Fig. 2. Distal extremity of right humerus of Chen hyperboreus, anconal aspect. Nat. size. Fig. 3. Dorsal aspect of a cervical vertebra of Anser condoni Shuf. Nearly com- plete and natural size. This is the fifth, sixth or seventh of the cervical part of the column. Fig. 4. Left carpo-matecarpus of Centrocercus urophasianus, 2, palmar aspect; nat. size. Probably the bones shown in figures 6, 7, 11, 12 and 13 all belonged to the same individual. oR Fig. 5. Anterior aspect of the distal extremity of the right tarso-metatarsus of Branta hypsibata Cope. Nat. size and perfect as far as it goes. Fig. 6. Posterior aspect of the right tarso-metatarsus of Centrocercus urophasianus, 9. Nat. size and quite perfect. Probably belonged to the same skeleton with Figs. 4,7, 11, 12 and 13. Fig. 7. Anterior aspect of the left tarso-metatarsus of Centrocercus urophasianus, 9. Nat. size and almost perfect. Probably belonged to the same skeleton as bones shown in Figs. 4, 6, 11, 12 and 13. Fig. 8. Anterior aspect of the proximal two-thirds of the left tarso-metatarsus of Colymbus holballi. Hypotarsus imperfect. See Fig. 34, Plate X. Nat. size. Fig. 9. Proximal extremity of right carpo-metacarpus, palmar aspect, of Centro- cercus urophasianus, o'. Nearly perfect as far as it goes. Fig. 10. Anterior aspect of left tarso-metatarsus of Aichmophorus lucasi ? Miller. Nat. size and quite perfect. See Fig. 33, Plate X. Fig. 11. Anterior aspect of the sternal extremity of the right coracoid of Centro- cercus urophasianus, 9. Nat. size and perfect as far asit goes. Probably belonged to the same skeleton as the bones shown in Figures 4, 6, 7, 12 and 13. Fig. 12. Anterior view of the proximal end of the right tibio-tarsus of Centro- cercus urophasianus, 9. Nat. size and imperfect. Fig. 13. Anterior aspect of the left tibio-tarsus of Centrocercus urophasianus, 9. Nat. size and imperfect. Bones shown in Figs. 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12 and this one, all probably belonged to the same individual. Fig. 14. Anterior aspect of the distal moiety of the left tarso-metatarsus of Aich- mophorus occidentalis. Nat. size and slightly imperfect. a © Stell Peer Pomme of the Desert Region of Oregon. 159 ian Tied castes of sight Somer, of: Mehmapheres incest S adult... Nat. ‘size. ee ee Srnnemenrey Setveham © Wy: t0. 800. BE SE me Fg 22. ae or ss tarechan oft, meiarn chad rails ___ bird the size of a mallard. Nat. size, outer aspect; adult. Species not determined. ‘Fig. 23. Right palatine of a teleosteon fish, outer aspect, natural size. Belonged ie ‘to an individual fully 15 inches in length. Species not determined. & (oocdeiali 1) Nat. size, palmar aspect. Fig. 26. First rib of left side of a specimen of Canis lupus (occidentalis ?). Nat. size; posterior surface. a - Figs. 27-30. Long bones of the feet of a Lepus (sp.?). Nat. size. 4 Fig. 31. Calcaneum of a species of Lepus, left foot, dorsal aspect; nat. size ia _ Fig. 32. Inner aspect of the right femur of Achmophorus lucasi. Nook ene on Ta awaie Vic. 15, Plate IX. Nat. size. Found with the metatarsus found in Fig. 33. perfect Fig. 33. Outer aspect of the left tarso-metatarsus of 4ichmophorus lucasi Miller. Nat. size. Same bone as shown in Figure 10, Plate IX. Fig. 34. Inner aspect of the proximal two-thirds of the left tarso-metatarsus of a - Colymbus holbell. Same fragment as shown in Fig. 8, Plate IX. Nat. size. ae . 35. Inner aspect of the distal moiety of the left tarso-metatarsus of Aich- o mophorus occidentalis. Same bone as shown in Fig. 14, Plate IX. Nat. size. as 5 Puate XI. . oa car Saas co wel as om the semaining Flaten of the prearct article, illustrate the fossils in the Cope and Condon collections of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, and are reproductions of photographs made direct from the specimens by the author.] Fig. 36. Anterior portion of the operculum of a teleosteon fish; outer aspect, nat. size. Species not determined. Fig. 37. Imperfect fragment of the operculum of a teleosteon fish; outer aspect nat. size. Species not determined. * Fig. 38. Anterior or articular extremity of the right palatine of a teleosteon fish; inner aspect, nat. size. Species not determined. a Fig. 39. Fragment of a bone of a teleosteon fish (part of dentary ?). Nat. size. Figs. 40-42. Spines belonging to the skeleton of some vertebrate. Nat. size 160 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXTI, Fig. 43. Mazillary of right side of skull of a small teleosteon fish. Nat. size and almost perfect. Species not determined. Fig. 44. Anterior or articular portion of the left palatine of a teleosteon fish. nat. size, outer aspect. Apparently same species as the one to which the bone oe longed figured in Fig. 38, and an individual of the same size. Figs. 45-48. Mazillary bones of teleosteon fishes. Apparently all from the same species, though different ages. Nat. size. Fig. 45 from right side of skull; Fig. 46, left; Fig. 47, left; all outer surface. Fig. 48, right, inner surface. In every instance the free lower portion is missing, while the heads or articular extremities are more or less perfect. Fig. 49. Fragment of bone from a medium-sized teleosteon fish; apparently from the frontal of the left side, where it forms the roof of the orbit. Nat. size. Fig. 50. Fragment from the branchial arches of a teleosteon fish, nat. size. Figs. 51, 52. Actinosts (lowermost ones) from pectoral fin of a teleosteon fish. Nat. size. Species undetermined. Imperfect. Outer surfaces. Adults. Fig. 53. Portion of the right ramus of the lower mandible, outer surface, of a grebe, probably A’chmophorus occidentalis, adult. Nat. size. Fig. 54. Fragment of anterior portion of the dentary, left side, of a teleosteon fish. ; Species not determined. Nat. size. Fig. 55. Anterior, articular portion of the operculum of the left side of the skull of a teleosteon fish. Outer aspect; nat. size. Species not determined. Fig. 55.1. Fragment of anterior portion of the dentary, right side, outer surface, of a teleosteon fish. Same species and seine siséd specimen 66 the Gee See the bone in Fig. 54came. Nat.size. Species not determined. Fig. 56. Fragment of a bone from the skull of a teleosteon fish oun of frontal?). Nat. size. Figs. 57-60. Rays of pectoral fins of teleosteon fishes, all natural size and probably of the same species,— the latter being not yet determined. Fig. 57, uppermost ray, left side, outer aspect. Fig. 58, uppermost ray, right side, inner aspect; Fig. 59, a ray from upper-mid-series; (anterior portion as in the case of the other three), lower surface. Fig. 60, uppermost ray, right side, inner aspect. The enlarged anterior ends form the articulations with the actinosts. Figs. 61-64. Various ribs of a medium-sized Canid,— about the proportions of Canis latrans. Nat. size. Fig. 65. External metatarsal, right foot of a Canid. (Vulpes, sp. ?) Very slightly reduced, extreme length of bone in the specimen 64 mm. 2 Fig. 66. Left femur of a small rodent (Peromyscus?). Condyles broken off. Very slightly reduced. Fig. 67. First metatarsal, right side of a Canid (Vulpes, sp.?) In life, this bone measured in extreme length 68.5 mm. Outer aspect. Puate XII. ; Figs. 68-90. Coracoids of Grebes. Figs. 68 and 69 from right side, viewed on inner aspects. Figs. 70 to 83 inclusive, coracoids from left side, viewed on anterior aspects. Figs. 84-90 from right side, anterior views. All natural size. These coracoids belonged to specimens of A’chmophorus occidentalis and Colymbus ia of different ages and both sexes, a discussion of which is set forth in the text. Sits = a ae , 1913) i ____ Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 161 Piate XIII. _ Figs. 91-101. Humeri of Grebes. Fig. 91, a perfect humerus of the existing form of chmophorus occidentalis, from a skeleton prepared by Cope and the author. Viewed upon anconal aspect. The extreme length of this bone, measured on the ual specimen, is 12.9 cms. The humerus shown in Fig. 92 an anconal aspect, measures, in extreme length, 6 ems. A large part of the ulnar crest is broken off, otherwise the bone is quite c et. It may have belonged to a female, or to a subadult individual of either sex of Aichmophorus occidentalis, or to an individual of Colymbus holballi. This likewise applies to the humerus shown in Fig. 93, also viewed on anconal aspect, and _ which measures in extreme length 12.4 cms. In it, both the radial and ulnar crests are slightly imperfect, otherwise the specimen is complete. It is of a lightish green _ color, instead of a dull black, as in the case of Fig. 92 and Figs. 94-101. Fig. 94, aa proximal two-thirds of humerus of Achmophorus occidentalis, adult. Anconal aspect. . Radial and ulnar crests somewhat chipped off. ___ Figs. 95 and 96, proximal parts of humeri of chmophorus occidentalis. Ulnar and radial crests chipped to some extent. Anconal aspects. Figs. 97 and 101 the +d a: and very probably belonged to Colymbus holbelli. a Figs. 97-100, distal portions of humeri seen on palmar aspects, very lig aliicdd otherwise perfect safer as they go. All three are of Aichmophorus ELE Prats XIV. a Fig. 102. Right carpo-metacarpus of Botaurus lentiginosus. Adult. Imperfect. a Seen on palmar aspect, as are the bones shown in Figs. 103-110. These last are all earpo-metacarpi of Grebes. | Fig. 103. Achmophorus occidentalis, adult, prepared by Cope and the author, and from the same skeletons as the bones figured on other Plates of the present paper _ @ig. 91, Pl. XIII). The extreme length of this specimen is 5.5 cms., or the same as ___ the bones shown in Figs. 104-108 inclusive, which belonged to different individuals of _ Aichmophorus occidentalis (adults). Fig. 109 was from a female of the same species in all probability, and Fig. 110 of a specimen of Colymbus holballi, or perchance of a subadult A’chmophorus occidentalis sg Figs. 111-114. Anterior portions of superior mandibles of Grebes, seen upon superior aspects. They are slightly above natural size. Figs. 111, 112 are of _ &chmophorus occidentalis, Fig. 111 having been collected by Condon. Figs. 113, 114 are probably from adult specimens of Colymbus holballi, or, what is less likely, _ from females or subadults of the Western Grebe. -Z Fig. 115. Skull of Colymbus auritus @. Natural size, superior aspect, lower _ mandible removed. (No. 17273, Coll. U. 8. National Museum.) Shows the propor- ___ tions of the superior mandible in this Horned Grebe as compared with the fossil ones geen in Figs. 111-114. -- Figs. 116, 117. Ulne@ of Grebes,— Fig. 117 being from the pectoral limb of _ Michmophorus occidentalis prepared by Cope and the author, which measures in _ extreme length 11.7 ems. Both are viewed upon anconal aspect, and the one shown in e _ Fig. 116 measures in extreme length 10.1 cms., and probably belonged to an adult specimen of Colymbus holballi. 162 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Figs. 118-124; 126. Cervical vertebra of Grebes. Fig. 118, ventral view; Fig. 120, suboblique right lateral aspect; all of the remaining ones on direct dorsal views. and about natural size. These vertebre probably belonged to several different indi- viduals of A’chmophorus occidentalis of various ages and both sexes. Fig. 127. Fragment of the frontal region of the skull of a grebe, probably Colym- bus holballi (superior view). Anteriorly it is broken off just posterior to the lacry- mals or about half a centimeter posterior to the transverse line seen at the distal end of the superior mandible shown in Fig. 113 of this Plate, which belonged to a bird of the same species and size. Compare with the frontal region of the skull in Fig. 115. Fig. 128. Right lateral view of the codssified sacral vertebre of the anterior two- thirds of the sacrum of a Grebe. Fragmentary and imperfect. There are many of these in the collection as well as the fused part of the dorsal division of the spinal column. They belonged to A?chmophorus occidentalis and Colymbus holbelli of dif- ferent ages and both sexes. PuaTe XV. Figs. 129-148. Femora of Grebes. All of natural size. Figs. 129-138, 145-148 (inclusive) are upon anterior view. Figs. 139-144 are upon posterior view. These bones belonged to specimens of Afchmophorus occidentalis, Colymbus holballi and probably other Grebes. Comments and descriptions of them are given fully in the — text of the present paper. Figs. 129, 130 and 140 measure in extreme length 5 ems., and belonged to chmophorus occidentalis (adults). There are over 50 of such femora in the collection. Puiate XVI. Fig. 149. Distal moiety of the left tibio-tarsus of Aichmophorus occidentalis. Anterior aspect; very slightly reduced. From a fully adult individual. Fig. 150. Distal moiety of the left tibio-tarsus of Alchmophorus occidentalis. Anterior view; very slightly reduced. Osseous tendinal bridge broken out. Adult, though from a smaller bird than the one which furnished the tibio-tarsus shown in Fig. 149. Fig. 151. Right tibio-tarsus of Achmophorus occidentalis. Anterior view; very slightly reduced and nearly perfect. From a subadult specimen. Fig. 152. Left tibio-tarsus of Aichmophorus occidentalis. Anterior aspect and slightly reduced. From a bird-of-the-year. Epiphyses not fully united; distal one missing. Fig. 153. Left tibio-tarsus of Zchmophorus occidentalis. Anterior view and somewhat imperfect. Slightly reduced. From either a 9 or a subadult bird. Fig. 154. Left tibio-tarsus of Aichmophorus occidentalis. Anterior aspect and very slightly reduced. Quite perfect and belonged to a fully adult individual; probably a <. On the lower internal border of the enemial process of this bone we find an elongated enlargement which is deeply excavated, posteriorly. This character is far more conspicuous than it is in the tibio-tarsus of the existing Grebe shown in Fig. 155 of this Plate. Fig. 155. Left tibio-tarsus of Achmophorus occidentalis. Anterior aspect and very slightly reduced. Existing adult bird and probably a @. From a specimen prepared by Cope and the author. Extreme length 149.5 millimeters, the extreme length of the bone shown in Fig. 154 being 152.5 mm. 913. Ee igiadL, Poesil Faune of the-Decert. Region of Oregon. 163 Prate XVII. Fig. 156. Distal moiety of the right tibio-tarsus of 4ichmophorus occidentalis. anterior aspect. All the figures on this Plate are very slightly reduced. Ac- ength of this fragment equals 92 mm. The figures in this Plate are designed ow the variations in size and character of this bone in these large Grebes as they arred in the Pleistocene of Oregon. _ Fig. 157. Distal end of right tibio-tarsus of 4ichmophorus occidentalis. Anterior view. Reduction in size in same proportion as Fig. 156 above, and this applies to other figures in the Plate; for example, the portion of bone shown in Fig. 168 ‘measur eemeenom ton apeckweem 112.5 mam.; while in the Plate its length is 111.5 mm, a “Figs. 158, 159, 160, 162 are distal portions of the tibio-tarsus of eccidentalis, anterior views. More or less imperfect. Adults, and probably both sexes. The bone shown in Fig. 160 belonged to an old <7. : Figs. 161, 163-176. Tibio-tarsi of Aichmophorus occidentalis. Mostly direct terior views, the only exceptions being Fig. 161, which is a right lateral view, and gs. 167, 168 and 176, which are shown slightly turned to the right or left. They represent both sexes and subadults of various ages. They are all of the simal end of the bone, and more or less imperfect, but show well the variation in morphology of the cnemial prolongation of this bone in the pelvic limb in different specimens. Compare with figures of Plate VIII to determine rights and lefts. Fig. 31 shows the pit on the cnemial process described in Plate VIII. Puiate XVIII. _ (Tarso-metatarsi of Grebes, all seen upon anterior aspect with the exception of Fig. 190, which is given upon right lateral view. Designed to show the variation of —ea All are nearly natural ) ___ Figs. 177-180. Show very well the variations in lengths and other proportions of the tarso-metatarsus of the larger species of these Grebes. These, and other matters are fully discussed in the text. ‘Fig. 181. Tarso-metatarsus of a recent specimen of Aichmophorus occidentalis prepared by Cope and the author. The actual length of this bone, measured from a » highest point on the cnemial process to the lowest point on the mid-trochlea _ distally, equals 79 mm. Of all those here figured, this bone best agrees with the one I bidenciag to Aatasophores locort;—-a matear which to Gaveneed in the tax the present paper. Fig. 183. Photographic reproduction of the drawing of the tarso-metatarsus of a Grebe by Mr. L. H. Miller, of the species named by him, A’chmophorus lucasi. Taken _ the size of the original on the same negative with the other bones on this Plate. Figs. 184-190. Tarso-metatarsi of Grebes. (Descriptions given in the text.) y These bones should be compared with Figs. 9, 10, and 14 of Plate I, and with Figs. 33- 85 of Plate II of this paper. = 164 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXII, Puiate XIX. Figs. 191, 191a-1”, 257, 258. Pedal joints of various species of birds of the fossil fauna of the Oregon Desert. All natural size, and viewed upon dorsal aspect. There are here represented grebes, ducks, geese, swans, limicoline species, diurnal raptores, owls, etc., the correct references for which can only be made by comparing with the bones of a great many existing species, only a few of which are now to be found in museum collections. Some can be easily determined; others will require great care and abundant material for comparison. ' Fig. 257 is the basal phalanx of the mid-anterior toe of an adult individual of the extinct swan, Olor paloregonus Cope. Fig. 258 may be the corresponding bone of a very young bird of the same species, and probably is. The short, thick bones usually belong to falconine species or to owls. Prats XX. Fig. 259. Right lateral view of the skull (with lower mandible attached), oceipi- tal style; and the atlas and axis vertebra of Phalacrocorax auritus (No. 19262, Coll. U. 8S. National Museum). Slightly reduced,— the extreme length of the occipital style in the specimen measures 25 mm. Fig. 260. Proximal extremity of the right-ramus of the mandible of Phalasre- corax macropus Cope. Slightly reduced; lateral aspect. Fig. 262. Superior mandible of Phalacrocorax macropus Cope, vertically divided, mid-longitudinally, showing the inner structure on lateral aspect. This fragment is of the left side of the upper mandible. PLATE XXII. [Fossil bones of the extinct Cormorant Phalacrocorax macropus Cope, all natural size.] Fig. 262. Proximal moiety of the left carpo-metacarpus. Adult. Somewhat imperfect. Fig. 263. Left carpo-metacarpus; adult. Imperfect. Fig. 264. Right carpo-metacarpus; adult. Imperfect. Fig. 265. Twelfth cervical vertebra, viewed upon oblique left lateral aspect. Adult, and almost perfect. Fig. 266. Ninth cervical vertebra, viewed upon almost direct left lateral aspect. Adult. Imperfect. ie Fig. 267. Eighth cervival vertebra, viewed upon direct left lateral aspect. Sub- ult. Fig. 268. Prorimal phalanx of index digit; palmar view. Adult, and very nearly perfect. Fig. 269. Distal end of right ulna. Superior surface. Adult. Fig. 270. Superior extremity of the right coracoid. Mesial aspect. Subadult. Imperfect. : Fig. 271. Sternal extremity of right coracoid. Anterior aspect. Subadult Imperfect. Unites accurately with the portion figured, shown in Fig. 270. =a a Se s .] __ Shufeldt, Fossil Fauna of the Desert Region of Oregon. 165 ae Fig. 272. Right coracoid, anterior aspect. From an adult bird. Process at infero-external angle broken off and lost, otherwise almost perfect. ___ Fig. 273. Upper extremity of right coracoid. Adult. Mesial aspect. Imper- fect. | fragile. _ Fig. 275. Distal portion of the right humerus; palmar aspect. From an adult specimen. Quite perfect as far as it goes. The characters at this extremity of the Pirate XXII. . — [Parso-metatarsi of Phalacrocoraz macropus Cope. an vidted ween watiakee n¥ “Fig. 276. Distal moiety of the bone. From a female, or a subadult bird. _ Fig. 277. Distal moiety of the bone. Adult. Very nearly perfect as far as it Fig. 278. The bone as it appears when very nearly perfect; from a specimen x hats, and probably a male _ ._ Figs. 279-281. Bones from subadult individuals, each somewhat imperfect,— ‘though the one shown in Fig. 279 is practically perfect. Figs. 282, 283. Each slightly shorter than the bone as seen in Fig. 278 (2 9? ). The specimen shown in Fig. 282 exhibits peculiar excoriations; while the one seen in Piate XXIII. - Fig. 284. Distal extremity of the left tibio-tarsus of Phalacrocorax macropus, Cope. Viewed on mesial aspect. Imperfect. Adult. Very slightly reduced. | Fig. 285. Proximal extremity of the left tibio-tarsus of Phalacrocorax macropus, _ Cope. Viewed on mesial aspect. Imperfect. Adult. Same amount of reduction as in Fig. 284, and all the other figures on this Plate. Fig. 286. Left pectoral limb of a specimen of Phalacrocorar auritus. From an adult. (No. 19262, Coll. U. 8. National Museum.) Complete and showing same amount of reduction. Viewed on mesial aspect. Extreme length of tibio-~arsus equals 1 Fig. 4 S . t tarso-metatarsus of a specimen of Phalacrocoraz macropus Cope. ___ Mesial aspect. Same bone as the one shown on anterior view in Fig. 278 of Plate XII. Possibly the bones shown in Figs. 284, 285, 287 and 288 may have belonged ___ to the same individual — or perhaps to two individuals; but it is not in the least 166 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXII, Pirate XXIV. Fig. 289. Proximal moiety of the right humerus of Chen hyperboreus; anconal aspect. Somewhat imperfect. Natural size. Adult. Fig. 290. Anconal aspect of the right humerus of a specimen of Anser albifrons gambeli. Imperfect. Natural size. Adult. Fig. 291. Anconal aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Anser albifrons gambeli. Natural size. Imperfect. Adult. Fig. 292. Anconal aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Chen hyperboreus. Natural size. Imperfect. Adult. Fig. 293. Anterior aspect of the left coracoid of a specimen of Anser albifrons gambeli. Adult. Natural size. Imperfect. Fig. 294. Anterior aspect of the left coracoid of a specimen of Chen hyperboreus. Adult. Natural size. Imperfect. Fig. 295. Anterior aspect of the left tarso-metatarsus of a specimen of Anser albifrons gambeli. Adult. Natural size. Imperfect. Fig. 296. Anterior aspect of the right tarso-metatarsus of a specimen of Chen hyperboreus. Adult. Natural size, very nearly perfect. PLate XXV. Fig. 297. Anconal aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Chen hyperboreus. Slightly reduced. Imperfect. Adult. Same bone as shown in Fig. 292 of Plate XXIV, and here reproduced for the purpose of comparison with other carpo-metacarpi. (Fossil.) Fig. 298. Palmar aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Branta hypsibata (Cope). Slightly reduced. Imperfect. Adult. (Fossil.) Fig. 299. Palmar aspect of the right carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Branta hypsibata (Cope). Slightly reduced. Imperfect. Adult. Fig. 300. Anconal aspect of the right carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Chen hyperboreus. Slightly reduced. Imperfect. Adult. (Fossil.) Fig. 301. Anconal aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of Chen carulescens (No. 18613. Coll. U. S. National Museum). Adult. Same amount of reduction as in other figures of this Plate. Length 86 mm. Fig. 302. Anconal aspect of left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Chen hyper- boreus nivalis. (No. 18611, Coll. U. 8. National Museum). Adult. Slightly re- duced. Length of this bone equals 89 mm. % Fig. 303. Anconal aspect of the left carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Anser albifrons gambeli. Adult. Imperfect. Slightly reduced. (Fossil.) Fig. 304. Anconal aspect of the right carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Branta canadensis (No. 17980, Coll. U.S. National Museum). Adult. Slightly reduced. Length of this bone equals 106 mm. The bone from a fossil specimen is shown in Fig. 305. Anconal aspect of the right carpo-metacarpus of a specimen of Branta canadensis. (Cope collection.) Adult. Perfect. Slightly reduced. Length of this bone equals 107 mm. Note the ossified excrescence on the apex of the pollex metacarpal, present in both the existing and fossil bird. 913.) ____Shufeldt, Vessit' Vents of tha Desert’ Region af Oregon.