30° 4 30° + LIBRARY OF WELLES LEY COLLEGE PURCHASED FROM LIBRARY FUNDS EARTH PHOTOGRAPHS from Gemini VI througrh XII Scientific and Technical Information Division OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE 1968 ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. Gemini spacecraft were built at the McDonnell Air- craft Corp. plant in St. Louis, Mo. Two are shown here undergoing tests in the plant's "white room." An Agena target was photographed from Gemini XII while connected to it by a Dacron tether. This permitted stabilization by the gravity gradient. The Gemini V crew, Gordon Cooper and Pete Con- rad, acknowledged the good wishes of the pad crew as they walked toward the gantry for their flight. The first two-man crew in space, John Young and Gus Grissom, were photographed inside the cabin of Gemini III just before their flight in March 1965. The Gemini spacecraft were launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the east coast of Florida. The countdowns were heard throughout the world. 7 Astronaut Ed White's "walk in space" was the fii-st extravehicular activity by U.S. astronauts. Some photos were taken with the hatch open. Gemini VI and Gemini VII were the first two to rendezvous in space. Gemini VII also set an en- durance record of 14 days during its mission. Gemini astronauts landed on the sea. A recovery carrier and rescue swimmers are seen here attaching a flotation collar before opening the hatch. EARTH PHOTOGRAPHS from Gemini VI through XII Scientific and Technical Information Division OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION 1968 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. Us 6 For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $8.00 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-61301 FOREWORD Photographs of terrain and weather taken during Gemini flights showed that both geological and manmade landmarks and storms in the Earth's atmosphere could be viewed advantageously from orbital altitudes. The many spectacular color photographs of the Earth brought back by the astronauts have both heightened men's appreci- ation of their environment and increased scientists' knowledge of it. This Special Publication contains a mere sampling of the photo- graphs available. The Gemini program was approved in November 1961 to develop long-duration manned flight and rendezvous capabilities. In 1963 the program goals were broadened to encompass four more objectives: precise reentry control, attainment of flight and ground crew pro- ficiency, extravehicular capability, and scientific experiments. When this program was completed in November 1966, the astronauts had acquired nearly 2000 man-hours of space-flight experience and all six objectives had been achieved. The two-week flight of Gemini VII in December 1965 was the culmination of a series of progressively longer missions, and demon- strated that men could survive and work in space effectively for longer periods than a lunar voyage would require. A further requirement for the journey to the Moon is rendezvous and docking, and this was accomplished repeatedly by a variety of techniques. In postdocking maneuvers the Gemini astronauts used the thrust of the Agena target vehicle to set new altitude and speed records, thus increasing confi- dence that their successors will be able to proceed farther into space. When the Apollo spacecraft returns from the Moon, its high veloc- ity requires that its flight path into the Earth's atmosphere be con- trolled with great precision. The Gemini astronauts used aerodynamic lift generated by their spacecraft and an onboard computer to guide their vehicles to preselected landing areas. Their successes, and early Apollo flights, provided increased assurance that the men going to the Moon could return safely. Both flight and ground crews demonstrated great proficiency during the Gemini program. On rendezvous missions, the Gemini spacecraft had to be launched after the target vehicle with precision measured in seconds. This was done with complete success. Dual launching made a rendezvous possible in less than one orbit after the liftoff of the Gemini spacecraft on the 11th mission. The Mission Control Center in Houston, Tex., repeatedly controlled missions in- volving more than one space vehicle, and controlled a dual mission in which both vehicles were manned during the Gemini VII/VI mission. Extravehicular activity by Gemini astronauts showed the need for body restraints, and on the final mission numerous planned work tasks outside the vehicle were performed without difficulty. The tech- nological experiments also included tethering a target vehicle to a spacecraft, as an aid to station keeping and a means of inducing a small artificial gravity field by rotation. The scientific experiments undertaken at the same time as these unprecedented demonstrations of what men can do in space yielded information that was hitherto beyond the reach of scientists. A total eclipse of the Sun was observed from space for the first time and the airglow and zodiacal light were photographed. The personnel, equipment, and facilities employed in the Gemini program have since been integrated into other NASA and Department of Defense manned space flight programs. The technological legacy of the Gemini flights lives on. It is a harbinger of greater achievements both in space and on Earth, achievements with more beneficial results than our generation can now foresee. George E. Mueller Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, NASA PREFACE Xhe photographs in this volume resulted from two of 22 scientific experiments that were part of the Gemini program. These were the experiments in Synoptic Terrain Photography (S-005) and Synoptic Weather Photography (S-006) . Many of the pictures obtained in these experiments already have been put to geologic, meteorologic, and oceanographic use. Historians and directors of human affairs, as well as students of physical phenomena, have found the perspectives af- forded stimulating, and the value of such portraits of the Earth in agricultural, urban, and other kinds of research is becoming increas- ingly evident. The Gemini science experiments were a continuation and expan- sion of work begun during the Mercury series of flights. These experi- ments were designed to take advantage of man's presence in space. The astronauts acted as the sensors, manipulators, and operators of the equipment, and exercised judgment based on their understand- ing of the objectives. Their interest, imagination, and ingenuity con- tributed greatly to the success of the program. John E. Naugle Associate Administrator, Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA The first rendezvous of two space vehicles is shown here in fine detail as photographed by Tom Stafford in Gem- ini VI. Gemini VIFs thruster ports appear as dark, round spots from 40 feet away. The yellowish cover- ing on the right end is a thermal shield that protected various subsystems mounted in the adapter section. The trailing straps covered an explosive cord that sev- ered all connections between the spacecraft and its launch vehicle when they separated. Gemini VI was starting its sixth orbit when this picture was taken. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 15, 1965 S65-63204 The rendezvous target for the Gemini XII mission was the Agena space vehicle, shown (on the next page) be- fore docking over the Pacific Ocean near the end of the third orbit. The naillike object in the foreground is a heavy metal bar that is attached to the nose section of the Gemini spacecraft to facilitate docking. When docked, the Agena was able to propel the two space- craft to the highest altiti^des achieved by man up to that time. This was done during the Gemini XI mis- sion when Astronauts Pete Conrad and Dick Gordon looked down at the Earth from 741.5 nautical miles. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-62756 Gemini VII appears balanced on the horizon as the two spacecraft orbit the earth. Its rendezvous and the recov- ery section in the spacecraft nose, which housed the par- achute and other recovery aids, is shown in this picture. The small white objects to the left of the words "United States" are horizon scanners that measure spacecraft at- titude. The command pilot's window is directly above. The two protrusions from the white, adapter section are cryogenically cooled radiometers, part of the Gemini in- flight experiments program. Cloud formations seen be- low the spacecraft result from convective clouds pushing up through broad areas of cirriform clouds. Gemini IX rendezvoused with an augmented target docking adapter (shown at the far right) that was launched as a replacement for an Agena target which had failed to achieve orbit on an earlier attempt. Dock- ing with this spacecraft was not possible because its plas- tic nose fairing did not separate and it was quickly named the "angiy alligator." "Early in the first daylight after rendezvous," Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford wrote of this picture, "our suspicion that something was amiss was photographically confirmed. The 'angry alligator' appeared to be nibbling at Roques atoll." This hap- pened over the Caribbean, north of Caracas, and the Isla Orchila can be seen. Clouds in the upper right hide the coast of Venezuela. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 15, 1965 S65-63188 GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 366-37923 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Across the Atlantic 5 Northwest Africa 37 Northeast Africa 65 The Indian Ocean and Australia 97 Southern Asia 121 Across the Pacific 153 South America 173 Mexico 203 The United States 227 Appendix A 257 Appendix B 261 Glossary 321 Bibliography 327 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iHE photographs in this boolc were chosen from among hundreds that the Gemini astronauts took in the course of scientific experiments that inchided synoptic terrain and weather photography. In these particular experiments, Paul D. Lowman, Jr., of the Goddard Space FHght Center, and Kennetli M. Nagler and Stanley D. Soules, of the Environmental Science Senices Administration, were the principal investiga- tors. Robert E. Stevenson, of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries at Galveston, Tex., joined them as a representative of oceanographic interests. Since NASA's charter requires disclosure of scientific information likely to be generally useful, Robert E. Gilruth, Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, pro- posed that a representative group of the pictures now available be published for the use of the many scientists who are concerned with features of the Earth's surface. Jocelyn R. Gill, Gemini Science Manager, was responsible for the organization of the book and headed the technical panel that recommended publication of these photographs. Richard W. Underwood and Herbert Tiedemann, of the Manned Spacecraft Center, identified the areas shown in the photographs. The principal investigators provided information for the captions with the help of Dr. Stevenson, Mr. Tiede- mann, Herbert Blodget of the Goddard Space Flight Center, James Williams of the Environmental Science Services Administration, James Bailey of the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Lawrence Dunkelman of Goddard Space Flight Center, and Samuel H. Hubbard of the Office of Manned Space Flight. The U.S. Geological Survey library staff was especially helpful to them. Senor Ing. Guille:-mo Salas contributed geological information regarding pic- tures taken over Mexico. A. L. Grabham and L. Moskowitz of the U.S. Navy Ocean- ographic Office and other representatives of Government agencies and contractors served with NASA personnel on the technical panel, and a roster of the individuals who assisted its members would be extremely long. Among those who contributed especially valuable help and advice were John Bridgewater, Le Forrest Miller, Jose Toro, Ronald Dalrymple, Robert Dubinsky, and William Vest. Part I. Introduction Ihis is a companion volume to Earth Photographs from Gemi7ii III, IV, and V, which was issued in 1967 as Special Publication 129. This one presents photo- graphs taken on seven later flights, those of Gemini VI-A, VII, VIII, IX. X, XI, and XII. The crews, the dates, durations, and altitudes of these flights are listed in table 1, which also shows the cameras and films that were used on each flight. In these seven flights, Gemini spacecraft orbited the Earth 421 times and the astronauts took nearly 1900 high-quality color photographs of its surface from above the atmosphere. Those reproduced here are a representative sampling of them, chosen with the current interests of earth scientists in mind. In the previous \-olume, SP-129, the pictures taken on each flight were separ- ated and presented sequentially. In this one they are juxtaposed, to group them geographically. This was done for two reasons: To enable a person interested in a particular geographic area to turn quickly to the photographs of that area, and to enable the reader to imagine himself circling the world and seeing it in some- what the same way that it appeared to the astronauts. The pictorial journey in the pages that follow begins at the launching site of the Gemini spacecraft, the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It proceeds eastward between the latitudes of approximately 30° North and 30° South. Photographs taken on different flights and different revolutions, at different altitudes and times of day, and in different seasons of the year are intermingled in this presentation. The first and the last pictures in the book are both of Florida, but they are separated here by pictures taken at various times between December 15, 1965, and November 16, 1966, on many journeys around the world. The dates given below the photos are in Greenwich mean time. The nine groups into which the pictures are divided in this volume correspond approximately with ways in which the Earth is often divided in an atlas of the type readily available in many homes and in most libraries. This facilitates use of com- mon maps while examining these photographs. Attention is called in many of the captions both to geological divisions of the Earth and to national boundaries. The explanatory notes beneath the pictures suggest some, but by no means all, of the ways in which scientists concerned with features of the Earth are finding high- altitude photography helpful. The objectives of the Gemini flights included a variety of scientific experiments for investigators representing numerous distinct scientific disciplines. These are listed in table II. A Hasselblad 500C camera and a Hasselblad super-wide-angle camera, mod- ified by NASA, were used on the Gemini flights. On the last four flights a speci- ally designed 70-millimeter camera built by the J. A. Maurer Co. also was used. The pictures chosen for this book are presented in the square format of the original film. 0\'erlapping photographs were taken of many areas and can be used to obtain stereoscopic views. NASA can provide either transparencies or photographic prints of these pictures to members of the academic and scientific community who have specific professional uses for them in mind. Researchers should address specific in- quiries, indicating their requirements, either to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Manned Spacecraft Center, Science and Applications Directorate, Houston, Tex. 77058, or to the National Space Science Data Center, Code 601, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771. Persons having commercial or industrial applications in mind should address their requests for such photographic materials to Technology Applications Center, University of New Mexico, Post Office Box 181, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 81706. Table I. Gemini Flights VI-A Through XII Flight Crew Date GMT Duration Orbit (approx) Camera Film 2 VI-Ai Capt. W. M. Schirra, Jr. Dec. 15, 1965 13:37 25 hr 51 min, 100 by 161 Modified Hassel- Eastman Maj. T. P. Stafford, Jr. Dec. 16, 1965 15:28 16 revolutions miles (statute) blad 500C, 80-mm Zeiss planar lens, //2.8 Kodak Ekta- chrome MS (S.O. 217) VII. .. Lt. Col. Frank Borman Dec. 4, 1965 19:30 330 hr 35 min, 100 by 204 Hasselblad 500C S.O. 217 Comdr. J. A. Lovell, Jr. Dec. 18, 1965 14:05 206 revolutions miles w/80-mm Zeiss planar lens //2.8 and 250-mm Zeiss sonnar lens, //4.5 8443 (infra- red) 3400 2475 VIII. . N. A. Armstrong Mar. 16, 1966 16:41 10 hr 42 min. 100 by 161 Hasselblad 500C S.O. 217 Maj. D. R. .Scott Mar. 17, 1966 3:22 7 revolutions miles w/80-mm planar lens, //2.8 IX. . Lt. Col. T. P. Stafford June 3, 1966 13:39 72 hr 21 min, 99 by 166 Hasselblad 500C S.O. 217 Lt. Comdr. Eugene A. Cernan June 6, 1966 14:00 45 revolutions miles w/80-mm planar; Hassel- blad super- wide-angle-C w/38-mm Zeiss Biogon, //4.5; J. A. Maurer 70-mm space camera w/Schneider 80-mm lens, //2.8 Persons wishing such pictures for other purposes should address their inquiries to the Audio-Visual Branch, Public Information Division, Code FP, NASA, Washington, D.C. 20546 (telephone: Area code 202, 96-21721). Additional information regarding the Gemini program will be found in NASA SP-138, Gemini Summary Conference, priced at $2.75 and for sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. NASA SP-129, Earth Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V, may be purchased for $7 from the Superintendent of Documents. Table I (Continued) Gemini Flights VI-A Through XII Flight Crew Date GMT Duration Orbit (approx) Camera Film 2 X Comdr. John W. Young July 18, 1966 22:20 70 hr 46 min, 100 by 167 Hasselblad super- S.O. 217 Maj. Michael Collins July 21, 1966 21:07 44 revolutions miles and excursion to 475 miles wide-angle-C, Zeiss Biogon 38-mm lens, //4.5;J. .A. Maurer 70-mm w/Schneider 80-mm lens, //2.8 XI. . . Comdr. Charles Conrad, Jr. Sept. 12, 1966 14:42 71 hr 17 rain. 100 by 177 J. A. Maurer S.O. 368 Lt. Comdr. Richard Gordon, Jr. .Sept. 15, 1966 13:58 44 revolutions miles and excursion to 850 miles 70-mm space camera w/80- mm Schneider lens,//2.8; Hasselblad super-wide- angle w/38-mm Biogon lens, //4.5 XII Capt. J. \. Lovell, Jr. Nov. 11, 1966 20:46 94 hr 34 min, 100 by 175 J. A. Maurer S.O. 368 Maj. E. A. .\ldrin, Jr. Nov. 15, 1966 19:21 59 revolutions miles 70-mm space camera w/80- mm Schneider lens,//2.8; Hasselblad superwide-angle w/38-ram Zeiss Biogon lens, //4.5 ' Gemini VI was rescheduled to follow Gemini VII and was renumbered "Gemini VI-.A." ^ Films used for synoptic terrain and synoptic weather photo- graphy experinents were; Name T^Jpf Size mm S.O. 217 Eastman Kodak Etkachrome transparency 70 S.O. 368 Eastman Kodak Ektachrome transparency (improved) 70 8443 Eastman Kodak Ektachrome, infrared 70 3400 Eastman Kodak Panatomic X (ASA-80) 70 2475 High Speed (.AS.-\-1200) 70 Table II Gemini Science Experiments +, experiment successful; — , experiment incompl lete Title of investigation Principal investigator FUghts No. HI IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII SOOl . . Zodiacal Light and Airglow Photography Sea Urchin Egg Growth — Zero-G Frog Egg Growth — Zero-G Effect of Zero-G and Radiation on Blood Synoptic Terrain Photography Synoptic Weather Photography Spectrophotography of Clouds Visual Acuity in Space Nuclear Emulsion Agena Micrometeorite Collection Airglow Horizon Photography Gemini Micrometeorite Collection Ultraviolet Astronomical Photography Gemini Ion Wake Measurement Libration Regions Photography Dim Sky Photography/- Image Orthicon Sodium Vapor Cloud Photography Ultraviolet Dust Photography E. P. Ney, University of + - + + S002.. R. S. Young, Ames Research Center R. S. Young, Ames - S003.. - + + + + S004.. M. A. Bender, Oak Ridge National Laboratory . . . P. D. Lowman, Jr., Goddard Space Flight Center + S005 . . + + + + + + + + + + + + -1- S006 . . K. Nagler and S. D. Soules, Environmental Science Services -1- S007 . . F. Saiedy, Environmental Science Services - S008 . . S. Q. Duntley, Scripps + S009 . , M. M. Shapiro, Naval Research Laboratory, and C. D. Fichtel, Goddard Space Flight Center + + + + + SOIO.. C. L. Hemenway, Dudley + + + + + son.. M. J. Koomen, Naval -1- S012.. C. L. Hemenway, Dudley -1- S013.. K. G. Henize, Dearborn -1- S026 . . D. Medved, Electro- S029 . . E. C. Morris, U.S. S030 . . E. P. Ney, University of Minnesota and C. Hemenway, Dudley + S051 . . J. Blamont, University S064.. C. L. Hemenway, Dudley Observatory — Part II. Across the Atlantic I'll put a girdle round about the world in forty minutes," said Puck in A Midsum- mer-Night's Dream. The pages that follow show the Earth as one might see it from such a girdle. This imaginary tour begins and ends at Cape Kennedy, from which the Gemini spacecraft were launched. The astronauts turned their cameras in numerous direc- tions while going around the world and photographed some sights from several sides and angles. Pictures that they took are not shown here in the order in which they were taken, but the date of each one is given below it. Cape Kennedy is on Florida's east coast, near St. Augustine, the oldest citv in the United States. The astronauts sped east from Florida, over steppingstones of histoiy that are still called the West Indies. On some of their many crossings of the Atlantic, their first glimpses of the Old World were of the Canary' Islands, from which 15th-century explorers sailed south and west to discover a relatively small planet's immensity. Several of their photographs of the West Indies and the Canary Islands have been included here because contemporary oceanographers and meteor- ologists are finding them highly informative. Gemini photographs already have been used to check interpretations of pictures transmitted to Earth from unmanned weather satellites, and there is no longer any doubt that a multitude of constructive uses will be found for photographs taken from high altitudes. "Our unearthly satellites," Edgar M. Cortright, Director of the Langley Research Center, has written confidently, "will help us solve a host of earthly problems." This nearly vertical view of Florida's Atlantic coast in- cludes both Ponce de Leon inlet at the far left and, along the shore near the right edge, a tow of pads. The Gemini spacecraft were launched there. Taken with a telephoto lens, the picture clearly shows the highway through Titusville, buildings along it, lakes west of it. and the bridges to the Kennedy Space Center on Mer- ritt Island. Between a thin cirrus-cloud layer and the bulge in the shoreline are two white circles. A promi- nent roadway leads to crawlei-ways that end at the cir- cles, which are the sites of launch pads built for manned flight to the Moon. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63807 The Gulf Stream enters the Atlantic here. Its border is marked in this photo by a cumulus cloud line extend- ing northward from Florida's east coast. Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., stood in the cockpit seat while the spacecraft hatch was open to take this picture. It includes a western part of Great Bahama Bank, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines beyond Cuba in the upper center. Smooth waters can be seen beyond the tip of Florida, and an area of divergence shows parallel to its west coast. Such features denote water conditions that are significant to the fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63418 The Sun's glitter pattern had shifted eastward when this picture was taken, a minute after the preceding one. Oceanographers can obtain information about the changes in the sea's surface from pairs of pictures such as these. Cuba extends nearly all the way across the top of this one. Near the center, to the left of Grand Bahama Island, is Great Abaco Island. The islands of Andros, New Providence, and Eleuthera also can be seen despite the scattered clouds. A dark irregular spot in the sea near the center, left of an intense reflection of sunlight, indicates the location of the Little Bahama Bank. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63423 Bimini Island is in the center of this eastward view from over the Florida Keys in the foreground. South of Bim- ini, U-shaped bars indicate the spillover of water onto the shallow surface of the Great Bahama Bank. Similar bars can be seen around the Berry Island group and the northern end of Andros Island in upper center. In each case the water spills toward a central portion of the Great Bahama Bank during storm surges. A long sandbar is formed where flooding waters meet. On the ebb, water flows into a channel between the Great Ba- hama Bank and Grand Bahama Island to follow the Gulf Stream northward. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62908 The large mass of cirrus and cirrostratus clouds in this northwesterly view of the sky over the Atlantic Ocean is the western edge of tropical depression Celia, which rapidly intensified and became a hurricane the following day. Cuba is at the left edge of this photo, and the coast of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina can be seen near GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 866-45692 the horizon. The cumulus-cloud streets at the left edge of the cloud mass are alined with the low-level wind, which spirals around and inward toward the storm's center. Pictures from operational meteorological satel- lites, less detailed but covering larger areas than the Gem- ini views, are used to track tropical storms. 10 From left to right above the spacecraft's nose here are parts of Abaco Island, shoals and flats around the Berry Islands, and the tip of Andros Island. New Providence Island, the site of Nassau, is in the upper center. Sand flats and the elongation of spillover bars shov^f the di- rection of the currents. The net flow between the Ber- ry Islands and Andros Island is from east to west. Lay- ers of stratocumlus in the upper right are spread across the deep waters of the Tongue of the Ocean. In those clouds one can clearly see an unusual break. This kind of pattern has been noted in other pictures of strat- ocumulus over the sea. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63753 11 Above the northern tip of Andres Island, in the center, the sea off the Florida coast is light blue where it is shallow and darker blue where the Northeast Provi- dence Channel leads into the Tongue of the Ocean to the south. Dunelike depositions of sand can be seen in the shallows. The Berry Islands are in the fore- ground, and New Providence Island at the upper left. Patches of cumulus and stratocumulus cover some of the view, and a band of cirrus crosses the upper part. Although the Great Bahama Bank began to form in the Cretaceous period, coral built up the present islands after the sea-level rise that followed the last glaciation. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63825 12 Tropical clouds camouflaged the islands bordering die Caribbean Sea when this photo was taken. The Agena target vehicle was tethered to Gemini XI, and Jamaica lay directly above it in this northeasterly view. In the upper left, cirrostratus covered a disturbed area con- taining thunderstorms, and elsewhere cumulus and cumulus congestus covered the region under a sparse veil of cirrus clouds. Eastern and central Cuba were in the top center and beyond them the Great Bahama Bank was visible. Serrana Bank was left of center at the lower edge, and reefs and cays of Bajo Nuevo were to the right of the Agena. GEMINI XI SEPEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54571 13 The roughly diagonal line here is Cuba's north coast. Cumulus and cirrocumulus clouds hover over its farms. Caibarien is under the clouds at the lower left, and the pouch-shaped harbor of Nuevitas is in the upper right corner. Slight submergence of the land in recent geolog- ical time has notched this shoreline, and left many is- lands, reefs, and bays. The light-blue area offshore is the Great Bahama Bank, where the sea is only about 30 feet deep. The darker, circular area at the upper left edge is the Tongue of the Ocean, where it is about a mile deep. One can see how submarine erosion has notched the sea floor around this deep area. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 865-04025 14 ^"•- {:'i/-.^ J*wfevisi-^ *»'■•<'■ ' ' >'■ • ■": i l^^^-- ... N>? At the left here is Cuba's southern coast. The keys of Jardines de la Reina, south of Camagiiey province, are in the center. Santa Cruz del Sur is a short distance be- yond the upper end of this strip of the coast, and Trin- idad is below it. The keys shown are on the outer edge of large shoal banks and are heavily ringed with coral reefs. Submarine features of the area between the keys and the mainland can be seen clearly enough to be charted from this photograph. The geology is mostly Tertiary sediments overlying folded Cretaceous and Jurassic strata. Marine sediments are confined to the coast and offshore areas. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13 1965 S65-64026 15 The eastern tip of Cuba is at the upper left here, the U.S. naval base at Bahia de Guantanamo in the center, and Santiago de Cuba farther down the south coast. Daytime heating of the land had caused typical cumu- lus activity over Oriente Province. Above Guantanamo Bay you see the edge of the Sun's reflection in the Wind- ward Passage. Wave trains and slicks in the glitter pat- tern indicate the general water motion. A shear in the cloud line indicates low-level convergence over a shear in the water. Water motion and waves often can be seen best when a photo includes the Sun's reflection from the sea. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63826 16 Most of Haiti is shown here with cumulus clouds piled over the highlands. The large island in the center is the lie de la Gonave. East of it, at the lower right end of a nearly rectangular harbor, is Port au Prince. Near it are two large lakes, between which the common boundan' of Haiti and the Dominican Republic runs; it ends left of the prominent capes in the lower right corner. Coral reefs border much of the coastline. The upper peninsu- la is an extension of the Cordillera Central. It has a core of Cretaceous and older rocks, flanked by Tertiary and younger sediments. The lower peninsula's structure and stratigraphy are similar. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64027 17 The southernmost tip of Hispaniola is now in the fore- ground. The large lake above the peninsula is Lago En- riquillo in the Dominican Republic. The smaller lake above it is the Etang Saumatre in Haiti. Lago En- riquillo is 131 feet below sea level and contains a large island. The Valle de Neiba is to the right. The big valley in the upper center is the Plaine du Cul de Sac, adja- cent to the harbor of Port au Prince, Haiti's Capital. Graben faulting along a major wrench fault on the south side of the island produced this coast-to-coast valley and lake system. To the north, another mountain mass is also bordered by a fault valley. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13. 1965 S65-64028 18 >*^- -**-^;: -^.' '^^-' .«#-:% ;v^ ^;' Crooked and Acklins Islands are in the center, and Long Island above them in this photo taken north of Cuba's eastern tip. Part of Mayaguana Island is in the lower right. Thin white lines along the northern shores of the islands are surf from long waves coming from the open Atlantic Ocean. Variations in color in the Bight of Acklin reveal calcareous sand and spillover bars. The small cumulus clouds are in lines parallel to low-level northeast winds. Several large-scale cloud bands are alined in northwest winds aloft. An upper air trough moved through this area a few hours before the picture was taken. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63857 19 Mayaguana Island is in the center, and Acklins Island in the upper left of this photo taken as the spacecraft proceeded east over the Bahamas. Abraham's Bay is on the left side of Mayaguana. Although no ocean currents can be seen around the islands, strong surf and wave action is visible off their northeastern shores. A heavy surf produced the white fringe on the eastern end of Mayaguana. Surf also sharpens the image of the Plana Cays that rise from the sea between the two large is- lands; waves were rolling over a reef half a mile off- shore, while the winds were from the east. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, l^fiS S65-63858 20 Guadeloupe's twin islands, Grande Terre and Basse Terre, are in the center of this photo of the French West Indies between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlan- tic. Marie Galante is to the left of the 583-square-mile main islands. One also can see La Desirade, lies des Saintes, and lies de la Petite Terre. The Dominica Channel is left of Guadeloupe and the Guadeloupe Passage is to the north. Montserrat is in the upper right and Antigua in the lower right. The cloud distribution is typical of a fair-weather regime in the subtropics, and the weak alinement of the clouds indicates light, low- le\el winds from the southeast. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63855 21 r^A -,y ^ Meteorology has been one of the first and greatest ben- eficiaries of man's recently acquired ability to view the weather from high altitudes. This cyclonic circulation over the Atlantic Ocean was photographed about 400 miles southeast of Bermuda, while a Gemini spacecraft was docked with an Asfena tarafet vehicle. The storm's center was near the circular clouds that you see around the antenna of the .'Vgena. Dense cirrostratus formed the cloud shield at the left, north of the center. The winds in the lower and middle troposphere were blow- insr counterclockwise about this center. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62913 79 This is a southeasterly view of the same cyclonic storm over the Atlantic southeast of Bermuda that was shown in the preceding picture. It covers the region to the right, and again the center of the disturbance is shown near the antenna of the Agena. Numerous cumulonimbus clouds can be seen throughout the right half of this photo. Their anvillike tops usually point with the wind direction at their level. A few cellular-shaped lines of cumulus are seen near the right center. Operational use of data from cameras and other sensors in satellites has become routine in the first decade of man's exploration of space. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62914 23 What appears to be a large break in these clouds, asso- ciated with a cold front about 2000 miles east of Cape Kennedy, is really a shadow cast by a high cloud deck upon a lower one in early-morning sunlight. Such dark bands have been seen frequently in pictures transmitted from operational weather satellites and interpreted as shadows from higher clouds, often oriented parallel to the upper wind flow. The Gemini astronauts were asked to look for and obtain pictures such as this, and their pictures have helped to convince students and skeptics that the operational weather-satellite pictures can be diagnosed correctly and beneficially. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63143 24 This vast network of stratocumulus clouds lay near 20° N and 20° W. These are open cellular-type convective clouds in which air rises along the cell walls and sinks in the centers. This is the opposite of what occurs when a closed cellular pattern is formed. The surface wind in the foreground here was from the northeast, right to left, at 15 to 20 knots. Downwind the cloud openings decreased, and in the background they tended to aline themselves in rows parallel to the wind. This type of or- ganized convection is typical of fields in which the wind's speed increases with height. The blue band along the horizon is the Earth's troposphere. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63264 25 These stratocumulus clouds organized in approximately polygonal closed cells were seen southwest of the Canary Islands. To produce this type of pattern, there is a gen- eral weak rising motion below and in the cloud patches up to a stable layer, perhaps 1000 or 2000 feet above sea level. This stable layer inhibits further vertical mo- tion, so there is an outflow from the cloud area and a descending and, hence, drying, motion in the clear bands between the clouds. This type of mesoscale con- vection frequently occurs in an oceanic anticyclone. The large hole at the lower right was an eddy caused by wind blowing past one of the islands. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63146 26 Here, on a June day, the Canary Islands come into view. The tiny one at the left is Hierro. Geographers once drew the first meridian there because they knew noth- ing of the world west of it. The dark circular spot as your eyes swing to the right is Gomera. Above it is La Palma. That big arrow in the sea is Tenerife. Below its tip is Gran Canaria. The day that this photo was taken, cumulus clouds were piled on the windward, northeast- em slopes of the three Canary Islands that lay closest to Africa, and clouds connected with an upper-air, low- pressure system were at the right near the horizon. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 866-38442 27 This and the next picture of the Canary Islands were taken in morning light, actually on the revolution before the previous picture. The patch of cirrus and cirrostratus clouds off the Morocco coast and the streaks of cirrus over the land are alined with a southwesterly upper- level wind. The large bright area in the lower left is sunlight reflected from the sea. Apparently the shelter- ing effect of the Islands calmed the surface and greatly reduced the reflection towards the camera southeast of the Islands. The most conspicuous dark "tail" extends from Gomera, which lies between Tenerife, the largest island in this view, and La Palma and Hierro. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38404 28 1^; Centuries ago the Canary Islands were known as the Fortunate Islands. They are less than 100 miles from Africa, and this photo shows both the islands and the coasts of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. The Sun rising over Africa made the sea glisten and small lines of cumuli at the left cast shadows on the water. The re- flective pattern to the right of the Sun glitter was caused by waves on the surface of the sea. The crest-to-crest distance of the waves was about a nautical mile, which is unusually long. The sea was smoother and darker to the southeast in the lee of the islands. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 566-38405 29 This and the next three pictures of the Canary Islands and their environment were taken in December. They reveal how such mountainous islands interrupt the flow of air over the sea and create eddies downstream in the lower atmosphere. Gran Canaria is in the center here, and part of Tenerife is visible. Clouds cover the upwind slopes of Gran Canaria's 6394-foot peak. Las Palmas, the islands' largest city, is on Gran Canaria. The climate is warm and pleasant. Rainfall on the coast reaches 10 to 15 inches annually, and vegetation at the lower levels includes the species found throughout the North Afri- can Mediterranean littoral. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63151 30 Tenerife is in the center of this view of the Canary Is- lands. Its Pico de Teide crater is 12 198 feet high. These islands rise from great depths and present precipitous cliffs to the sea at many places. They consist of trachytes and basalts erupted intermittently from the ocean floor. They emerged toward the end of Cretaceous time and subsequent volcanic activity has increased their size. The last reported eruption was in 1909 on Tenerife. The stratocumulus clouds seen here are typical of the area. Dark, parallel lines in some of them are billows caused by undulations in the wind flow at the altitude of the clouds. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63150 31 "This beautiful vortex is typical of the varied weather phenomena that can be seen from space," Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford wrote of this photo taken over the Canary Islands. Tenerife is in the upper left here. When northeast winds, under a temperature inversion layer, blow past the mountainous islands, the air is frequently swirled into a chain of eddies similar to a Von Karman vortex street. The eddies become visible when strato- cumulus clouds are present. The center eddy here was 60 miles from Tenerife and its eye was 13 miles wide. Alongside it, about 35 miles away, other eddies rotated clockwise. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63149 32 This photo shows clouds west of those in the preceding picture. The island of Hierro was at the lower edge of the eddy eye in the lower right center, but was almost entirely obscured by stratocumulus clouds. The eddy chain reaching from the top to bottom was a part of a Von Karman vortex street formed in the lee of the larger Canary Islands. This phenomenon is also found fre- quently near Guadalupe Island off Baja California. By studying photos of these eddies, researchers can obtain data to relate the physics of the natural vortex streets to their laboratory experiments. This is the last view of the Canary Islands area in this series. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63148 33 -St: ■•■^ This unusually fine display of cirrus clouds was photo- graphed during an approach to Africa about a dozen degrees south of the Canary Islands. These clouds lay off the coast of Senegal and Gambia. Cap Vert can be seen jutting into the -Atlantic Ocean at the lower left edge. A radiosonde ascent at Dakar, which is on that cape, indicated that the winds were east-southeast at 20 knots at an altitude of about 6 kilometers, and becom- ing southwesterly at 25 to 40 knots above 8 kilometers at the time this picture was taken. The clouds in the foreground were probably 9 or more kilometers high. GEMINI VII DECEMBER II, 1965 S65-63754 34 Ilha de Madeira is north of the Canary Islands, and about 535 miles southwest of Lisbon. On an approach to this island, noted for wines and embroideries, the as- tronauts found a cyclonic eddy in the stratocumulus clouds at the right. The island is a tiny dark spot about an inch to the left of the eddy. It is 35 miles long, up to 13 miles wide, and has a peak elevation of more than 6000 feet. It obstructs the broad northeasterly wind flow, and thus can induce eddies in the low-level wind similar to those caused by an obstruction in a wind tunnel. In this case the result was a fairly simple vortex in the sky near it. GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-46040 35 "Europe and Spain enjoying good weather," Gemini X reported on one approach to Africa, "but not for long if that storm off GibraUar is an indicator." Actually, the cyclonic circulation southwest of the entry to the Medi- terranean was only an eddy on the edge of a large-scale northerly wind flow over the Atlantic, induced by the configuration of the land and revealed by stratocumulus clouds. Portugal and Spain are at the left and Morocco is at the right. The geologic unity of southern Spain and Africa is suggested in this photo by the evident continuity of the Sierra Nevada and related mountains in Spain with the Riff Atlas in Morocco. GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-46044 36 Part III. Northwest Africa Astronaut James A. Lovell, Jr., thought that the broad western bulge of Africa was "truly the most interesting area of the world" to see from a spacecraft. Its dry and desolate terrain was nearly always free of clouds, and he found it a delight to photograph because there was so little haze to dim its beauty. The atmosphere's heat and aridity over the sands of the Sahara is less welcome to travelers on the surface. For centuries this land was as hostile a barrier to ex- plorers as the Atlantic Ocean. Men went around rather than across Africa to learn about the world, and the chroniclers of their journeys dubbed it the "Dark Conti- nent." In photographs taken from very high altitudes, it now often seems to be the most brilliantly lighted continent. Photographs spanning vast areas can be obtained more quickly and frequently from orbiting spacecraft than mosaics can be produced. They are increasing the geologists' knowledge of the structure of Africa. They can help engineers estimate the volume of flow in its watersheds. They can facilitate surveys of the distinctive resources available to the people of Africa's many ambitious new nations. Such photographs, as you will see in the pages that follow, are also often remarkably beautiful. 37 Africa's westernmost point, Cap Vert, is in the upper center here. The camera was jxjinted west, the space- craft was starting over the Sahara, and the view inchides part of Mauritania and all of Senegal and Gambia. Here one can clearly see the transition from tropical rain forests to open savanna and the desert. The Sene- gal River flows through the prominent valley in the upper half of the photo. The escarpment in the lower right is between the Aouker Basin and the barren land of the Tagent Plateau. Senegal's glittering capital, Dakar, on Cap Vert is an historic port, about halfway between Europe and South America. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63251 38 Here you see the Atlantic coast of Africa north of Dakar and the most western part of Mauritania. There the dunes of Azefal and Akchar extend far inland and cross part of Spanish Sahara. The white spots in the upper left are salt flats called Sebkha de Ndrhamcha. Toward the right is the Bale du Levrier, flanked by Cap Timiris on the south and Cap Blanc on the north. Port Etienne is on the latter, at the northern end of Mauritania's por- tion of the coast. Note the prominent fault in the right center of this photo. You will see more of northwestern Africa's geological structure in the next few pictures. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63255 39 The Dhar Adrar in Mauritania is the broad ridge under cirrus clouds in the lower center of this picture. Near its center are the circular Richat structures that intrigue geologists. One is more than 25 miles wide, the other only 5 miles wide. These structures have been ascribed to meteoritic impact, partly on the basis of a reported discovery of coesite, but volcanic rocks in the large structure throw doubt on this theory of their origin. Igneous instrusions such as laccoliths may have pro- duced them. Under the clouds at the top of the picture, vegetation darkens the view of the terrain of Mauritan- ia and Seneafal. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63471 40 4 ■«r."v This is one of the best photos yet obtained of the Dor- sale Reguibat. Geographers know it as the Yetti and Karet Plain. The south limb of the Tindouf syncline, at lower left, borders it on the north; and the Hank and El Hank bluffs, at upper right, border it on the south. The latter are a limb of the Taoudeni syncline, of Hercynian age (Late Paleozoic), which has been list- ed among the world's largest. The apparent dip in the horizon at the right was caused by the window of the spacecraft. The long streaks at the left center are the southwestern end of the Erg Iguidi, which extends into Algeria from northern Mauritania. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63083 41 This view to the northeast over parts of Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, and Morocco includes some of the coast south of Agadir at lower left. A few cirriform clouds are along Morocco's southern coast. The view is approximately along the axis of the Tindouf syncline. Outcrops of rocks on each side dip inward, forming limbs of the syncline. The immense uplift of Precam- brian rocks at the right is the Dorsale Reguibat. It may have resulted from removal of Paleozoic and younger rocks by erosion, or may have been a positive area that did not receive a great volume of sediments. Faint dark ridges show where it is cut by dikes. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46063 42 :-■ nS Sv-T:™'-"-- Morocco's Cap Juby is near the lower center here. Light spots near it are sah flats. Its annual rainfall is less than 10 inches and comes mostly in the winter, but the cool Canaries Current produces summer cloudiness that re- sembles California's stratus. Note how the cloud-cell size changes over the sea. Streaks of cirrus in the upper left are over the Atlas Mountains. At the right is the Hamada du Dra, a plateau underlain by the Tindouf syncline. Discordant geologic structures on each side of the Atlantic are often cited to support the theory of con- tinental drift, but this photo of Morocco and Spanish Sahara shows concordance to the African shore. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38408 43 This is part of the area shown in the photo on the pre- ceding page. At the left is the Hamada du Dra's western end; in the center is the south limb of the Tindouf syncline. These are Paleozoic (chiefly Devonian) sedi- mentary rocks that have been folded, tilted, and eroded. The broad desert at the right is the Dorsale Reguibat. It is a large eroded area of Precambrian rock in Span- ish Sahara and Mauritania. The deflection of the Tin- douf syncline is apparent here, but the reasons for it are not clear. A major wrench fault may pass through the area in the foreground and be partly responsible for this deflection. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38409 44 The Atlas Mountains extend southwest of Gibraltar to Cap Rhir, at the top in this photo. The clouds near it are over a major tectonic boundary, the south-Atlas line coincident with the Agadir fault. This fault geologically separates Mediterranean Africa from the bulk of the continent. The Atlas Mountains were formed in the Tertiary age with the Alps, Zagros, Caucasus, Himal- ayas, and others on the site of the former Tethys geo- syncline. The contorted ridges at right are eroded rem- nants of older (Paleozoic) structures. Air flowing past Cap Rhir from the northeast may have caused the eddy- like pattern offshore. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54764 45 The bright Hnes across this photo are sand dunes of the Erg Iguidi (an erg is a sand-covered part of the desert) in western Algeria. They parallel the dominant north- east trade winds and are formed by reworking of allu- vial sands. The bands at the left are the topographic ex- pression of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the south limb of Sebkha de Tindouf. The black areas above the dunes are rhyolite intiusions of El Eglab, a Precambrian massif composed chiefly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Photos taken of this part of Africa during a Mercury flight in 1961 have increased scientific knowledge of the area. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63155 46 ■ ■ ■ ■■ ^^^^1 ^M |Kn^'. J ^B ^^^P^^^^i^S^H ' jkW^^H 1 _/ >-. 1 ^H *, ^^^^^^^^^B ii " X,, t - ^^% ^^> > *.' V ■ "'^' V -i. l^ ^ ^HHI i ^^m This picture of the Oued Saoura, a wadi in western Algeria, was taken through a longer focal length lens than the photo that precedes it. This area is usually dry and a source of sand for long dunes, but at the top you see an ephemeral lake that was produced by runoff from the Atlas Mountains northwest of this region. The desert absorbs water before it can flow much farther south. The bedrock structure resembles that of the At- las Mountains, but is considerably older and is perpen- dicular to the northeasterly Atlas trend. It consists of sedimentary rocks with minor volcanics that were fold- ed in the Paleozoic era. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63830 47 The Erg Iguidi dunes rule the foreground, and a dust- storm farther east whitens the top of this photo. The dark area at the right is the Eglab Massif. It is one of northern Africa's three major Precambrian highlands (the others are the Ahaggar and the Tibesti). These massifs were uplifted and erosion removed whatever Paleozoic or Mesozoic rocks had been deposited on them. Volcanic activity often accompanies such uplifts. Interpreters of earlier photos such as this believe that the dark blotches at the lower right may be rhyolite intiTisions, with lighter toned microgranite aureoles. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-3S413 48 Centered here you see a small dune field resembling a cluster of tents. This photo was taken over central Al- geria and shows the southern edge of the Plateau du Tademait, which extends more than 600 miles from the Dhar Adrar to the Libyan border. Its easternmost part is called the Hamada de Tinrhert. The plateau is under- lain by Cretaceous limestone. This dark rock has been moderately deformed by basin-and-swell movement ac- companied by faulting. The long, straight watercourses that locally cut the plateau probably follow faults. Wind erosion of sedimentaiy strata produced the closed basins in the left foresrround. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-63784 49 ^^••"•■j-s^f' 4^ ^'5*!^" Earth presented this colorful view when the astronaut- photographer looked down on the central Tassili-n- Ajjer, at the junction of Algeria, Niger, and Libya. The broaa, brushlike streaks across the photo appear to be incipient wind-erosion features, and the prominent curv- ing cuesta at the top is the western border of the Marzuq Sand Sea. Overlapping pictures of this area, taken from spacecraft, are increasing knowledge of wind-erosion phenomena. The physiography of this area reflects the prevailing basin-and-swell geologic structure of this part of northwest Afiica. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54773 50 This photo includes both the area shown on the facing page and the Mediterranean's southern shore. The Gulf of Sirte is under the cumuliform clouds in the upper left, Egypt is on the far horizon, and the Tassili-n-Ajjer in Algeria is in the foreground. The yellowish circular area in the center is the Marzuq Sand Sea. The dark spot between it and the gulf is Al HaiTJj al Aswad, a 200- by 100-mile Quaternaiy volcanic field. Few geolo- gists outside of Africa are familiar with this impressive field because such a thinly populated area has long been difficult to visit. This picture clearly shows the basin- and-swell tectonic structure. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1965 S66-54525 51 .M ►J^».. -=3'. •>-3 S JfCJt--. 0> •! vN^ I This view is along the southeastern end of the Tassili- n-Ajjer in eastern Algeria. The Marzuq Sand Sea of Libya is in the upper left corner. The black formless feature in the lower center is the Telut, a large Quater- nary basalt field. Its linear features extend toward the upper right and are probably the reflection of structure in the metaniorphic rocks of the Ahaggar Massif. The ridges cutting across this structure nearly at right angles are products of erosion and indicate the direction of the prevailing winds. The rocks at the lower right consti- tute the edge of the Ahaggar Massif and probably are Precambrian. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38418 52 This photo was taken as the spacecraft approached the southern slope of the Ahaggar Massif in southern Al- geria. The Ahaggar is a rugged mass of Archean and Paleozoic rock that rises high above the Sahara. One of its peaks is partly visible in the upper right corner of the picture. A small outpost called Tamanrasset is just below the spacecraft. The light area in the foreground is part of the sandy wasteland known as the Tanezrouft, or "Land of Thirst," south and west of the mountain massif. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63157 53 The Ai'r mountain range in the north-central part of Niger, Africa, is an outHer of the Ahaggar, and is un- derlain by Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks. The big, dark, roughly circular areas so prominent in this picture of the range are plateaus of resistant masses of granite, intruded as ring complexes. The curved. fracturelike feature cutting the plateau at the right is shown on an unpublished map by R. Black and others as a gabbroic ring dike. A crater in the lower left is probably a volcanic feature associated with Quatemarv' massifs. Niger is in a part of the Sahara where rain may evaporate before reaching the surface. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63158 54 Mali and Niger, south of Algeria, have no seacoast. The Niger River flows through them on its way to the Gulf of Guinea, and this photo shows it in central Mali. The long dart above and to the right of the striated area is Lac Faguibine. The city of Timbuktu, which Christians formerly were forbidden to enter, is between the lake and the river. The dark linear pattern south of the river is the lesult of flooding of stabilized sand dunes. El Djouf Desert at the upper right is still one of the least known parts of the Sahara. A cuesta separates this sandy desert from the Aouker region to the west. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 ,S65-63247 55 Parts of several African countries are in the foreground, and Mali and northwest Niger are in the background of this view. The area shown includes northwest Nigeria, southwest Niger, northern Dahomey, eastern Upper Volta, and northern Togo. This part of the world was not explored in detail by Europeans until many years after America was discovered. The remarkably straight lines of cirrus-cloud tufts are oriented east-west over Nigeria, although their filamentlike structures are near- ly perpendicular to this direction. The filaments in the lower left comer of the picture extend for distances up to 30 or 40 miles. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63240 56 .^^. ^:*^-^ :V^'^' 'v«vA^^~^; -r^^.. ■ "^fr^wjar '^^^l Cumulonimbi of various sizes dominate the center of this view of the northern part of the Central African Republic and the southern part of Chad. Both nations are landlocked, and the rainfall in this region is pro- duced mainly by thunderstorms. Several smoke plumes emanate from the tropical savannatype forest in the lower right quadrant of the picture. To the north the desert land gives a reddish hue to the area between the thunderstorms and the horizon. The blue band along the horizon is the lower, more dense region of the at- mosphere called the troposphere. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38445 57 This southwesterly view over Lake Chad shows the sands of the Sahara encroaching on it. Chad is in the middle of Africa between the desert and the Sudan grassland. The lake is much smaller now than when Europeans first saw it. Progressive desiccation has left only a remnant of what was an extensive lake system in recent geologic times. Lac Fitri, in the upper left, is on- ly about 20 feet higher than Chad. The Chari River, at the upper right, drains a large basin ringed by the Mbang, Chaine des Mongos, and Jabal Marrah Moun- tains. Isolated, water-filled depressions can be seen be- tween many of the sand dimes. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1966 S65-63969 58 This northwesterly view includes most of Lake Chad. Four countries — Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad — share its shores. In early June when this photo was taken, the lake was shrinking as the flood waters from December and January rains evaporated. The sub- merged dunes show how it becomes progressively small- er as the desert robs it of water. Its principal affluent, the Chari River system, flows northward to enter the lake below the spacecraft. The only other affluent of significant size is the Yobe River, visible here at the left, which drains a small basin in Nigeria. Few roads lead one to its shores. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38444 59 These cellular clouds were photographed over Camer- oon and the Central African Republic. The light areas in the center of these large cells show where they are thickest. They are from 5 to 15 miles wide. The air is rising in the center of these cells and descending around the edges. They are in a slightly unstable layer about 2 to 3 miles high. Such cells have been seen more often over the oceans and at lower levels. The ratios between the width and the thickness of these cells are much greater than those found when such phenomena are pro- duced in laboratory studies. Vegetation and the humid tropical atmosphere obscure the land's features here. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63236 60 Africa's northern desert meets the continent's jungles in eastern Chad near the Sudan border. The transition zone is either wooded steppe or savanna in which the vegetation is mainly grass between scattered trees. This probably accounts for the darker hue in the foreground of this photo, which includes a large part of Chad. Some clearing and farming of the land, as well as the increasing density of natural vegetation, may have con- tributed to the pattern visible here. The area is chiefly Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks and the circular structure in the upper center may be a ring dike or some similar intrusion. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-63963 61 This and the next photo are overlapping views of the mountains in western Sudan. Here one sees the north- ern end of the Jabal Marrah range on the Darfur pla- teau. These volcanic mountains form the divide be- tween the area around Lake Chad and the Nile Basin. In the lower left here, Jebel Gurgei rises 7864 feet. The town of Kutum is on a wadi near it and the provincial capital, El Fasher, is 50 miles southeast of Kutum. Su- dan is Africa's largest country, and its boundaries touch Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Republic. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63159 62 This second view of western Sudan shows the southern end of the mountains there. The volcanic crater of Jebel Marra, in the center of this picture, is at an ele- vation of more than 10 000 feet and contains two lakes, known as the Deriba Lakes. The town of Nyala is lo- cated along the prominent stream that can be seen flow- ing west at the left side of the picture. The clouds in the lower right are high cirrus. These mountains stand be- tween the area depicted in this section of the book and the photographs of the countries around the Nile that are presented in the next section. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 865-63160 63 This photo was taken over the Congo on an approach to northeastern Africa from its equatorial area. The clouds at the top show thunderstorm activity near Stan- ley Pool, the lake in the lower center. This area is main- ly a broad plateau, from which water drops 900 feet in 215 miles, and the Congo River's course can be traced here for about 100 miles. Stanley Pool is about 20 miles long and contains a low marshy area called He Mbamou. Upriver to the left, steep-faced hills confine the stream to a width of 1 or 2 miles. Brazzaville is on one bank and Kinshasa on the other at the right end of the pool. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64022 64 Part IV. Northeast Africa INo other river has been as intently studied for as many centuries as the Nile, but neither its source nor the reason for its floods was discovered until this century. The Nile drains nearly 1 300 000 square miles of Africa, and Aristotle thought that its waters came from the Silver Mountains — that were later called the Mountains of the Moon. Gemini photographs now enable one to see vast stretches of the Nile at a glance. They also show the whole of the 1450-mile-long Red Sea. At this sea's north- ern end, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba are separated by the Sinai Pen- insula. The Bible describes a parting of the waters thereabouts for the children of Israel on their return from Egypt to the Holy Land. The Red Sea occupies a huge crustal rift in the continental shield and its swampy shores end abruptly in high tableland. Wind erosion has created distinc- tive features in the terrain there that are not recorded even in recent maps, but that can be seen clearly in the Gemini pictures. The currents in the waters around the Arabian Peninsula are complex. Large numbers of pelagic fish have long been found in the Gulf of Aden on the southern coastline, and may be confined in certain areas by the ocean currents. Photographs such as those in this section may be helpful to evaluators of both the inland and marine resources of this part of the world. 65 # #' \ % ^ \ The contrast between western Egypt and the Nile Val- ley is sharp in this photo. Libya is in the foreground, and the Red Sea is above the river near the horizon. The large elliptical feature in the upper center is the Gilf Kibir Plateau. Gently dipping sandstones underlie it and there is a V-shaped escarpment to the left. The larger of two dark circles below the Gilf Kibir is the Jebel Uwaynat, which is bisected by the border between Libya and Egypt. These jebels were formed by erosion and are said to consist of Precambrian rocks with aeger- ine syenites and granites dominant. The desert here gets less than 2 inches of rain annually. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54529 66 This is the eastern end of the Mediterranean. The Nile River and its deUa dominate the left half of the view; the right half includes Israel, Lebanon, and parts of Cyprus, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq, and Turkey. The Suez Canal is in the lower center, and the Gulf of Suez in the foreground. The narrow body of water on the right edge is the Dead Sea. The smaller waterbody in the fault extending northward from the Dead Sea is the Sea of Galilee. A lake, the Birkat Qarun, is in the dark lower left corner of the picture. A light northerly wind had alined cumuliform clouds over Egypt in parallel rows when this picture was taken. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63849 67 ""This picture, accentuating the blue of the Red Sea separating Eg>'pt from Sinai and Saudi Arabia, was taken while inverted, pointing south and moving side- wise in orbit," Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., report- ed. "The radar transponder pointing toward the Nile River and the wire loop of the tether are on the Agena which was docked to Gemini XII at this time." The Gulf of Suez at the bottom of the photo extends north- ward from the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aqaba to the left edge. A few cirrus clouds lay east of the Nile, and cumuliform clouds can be seen over the Red Sea and Saudi Arabia at the upper left. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63481 68 North is at the left in this view of Egypt's Nile Valley. The dark triangle at the left is El Faiyum, a natural depression 148 feet below sea level. It contains the lake, Birkat Qarun, and a large irrigated area. Amenenhet I of the XII Dynasty controlled the level in the lake to attain some control of Nile floods. The pronounced bend in the river under the antenna has been ascribed to the same major fault system that probably influenced the shape of the Gulf of Suez and the northern Red Sea. The cirrus clouds in the foreground are embedded in southwest winds from Libya and the cumulus clouds at the left are in winds sweeping in from the north. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63477 69 Jetstream cirrus clouds extended across the Red Sea and the Nile Valley when this high oblique view to the south- east was filmed. These clouds are so named because they occur near the strong core of the upper westerly wind, the Jetstream, at altitudes bfetween 35 000 and 45 000 feet. This photo also shows important lithologic and structural features trending toward the southeast. Tertiary sediments underlie most of the area, but Pre- cambiian igneous and metamorphic rocks comprise most of the Sinai Peninsula and surround the Gulf of Suez. Farms darken the valley in which the Nile flows northward through Egypt from Sudan. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63530 70 This photo of the Red Sea, looking south, was taken from the same spacecraft but on a later revolution than the preceding one. It shows the cirrus cloud bands still over the region. They are parallel to the upper wind and hence indicate its direction. Saudi Arabia is at the left, and Egypt at the right. Sun glitter brightened the water of the sea in the lower right. The Red Sea was so named because occasionally a free-floating form of microscopic algae "blooms" so profusely that it reddens the water. Although this sea became a commercial artery when the Suez Canal was built a centui7 ago, most of the ports along it are small communities. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63081 71 Only a few cumulifomi clouds covered the northern end of the Red Sea between Egypt and Saudi Arabia the morning this photo was taken. The Nile can be seen in the lower left. The spacecraft transponder points to the tip of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Dead Sea in the upper left corner. The dark Pre- canibrian rocks on the far shore of the sea in this view are part of the Arabian-Nubian Massif. An Nafud, a large sand desert, is in the upper right. This photo shows distinct dune trends that are alined in the dominant di- rection of the wind. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54664 72 At most points the Red Sea is less than 200 miles wide. This is a closer view of part of the Arabian shore seen on the preceding page. This photo shows the coast of Saudi Arabia between Duba and Ras Bariji. The dark massif towering above the blue water is a complex of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks that is parted by graben faulting below the Red Sea. The black, crablike feature at the far right is a Tertiary- Quaternary lava flow. The lightly colored sediments are stream deposits of alluvium and related surficial de- posits of Quaternary age. The shadows of the clouds indicate that they were at a great height. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54895 73 "1 ^ ^>!S d^^H 1*- > ■^'♦- i - »- -^ .-^- . V'^..^.^^- ■'-••'>■ :v^ ^■•"^•'^ ^^ <;i -'■•■■ ¥ This is a photo of the Red Sea taken from east of it. Yemen and Saudi Arabia are in the foreground; Ethi- opia, Sudan, and the United Arab Republic are on the far shore. Oceanographers have found gold, silver, zinc, and copper associated with sediments in a 7000-foot- deep part of the Red Sea northwest of Jiddah, a city near the shore in the right center. In the depths the water is 56° C and has 10 times normal salinity. Sub- marine eruptions and ancient salt beds probably explain these conditions. Jiddah had a west wind of 15 knots, and Port Sudan, across the sea, a 10-knot southeast wind when this photo was taken. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64006 74 Ethiopia is in the upper left and the Arabian Peninsula in the foreground of this photo taken east of the Red Sea. The dark area in Ethiopia is the Danakil Depres- sion, a below-sea-level part of the Great Rift Valley. Islands and reefs are visible off R'as Isa, the cape on the near shore. Dark areas in the lower left are volcanic rock. The prominent fault in the lower right is in Ye- men. It brings granitic rocks into contact with Jurassic sediments of the Amran Series in the light central part of the photo's lower half. There are batholiths of Meso- zoic or Cenozoic age in the Amran Series which darken parts of the picture. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64007 75 4 /'J^Wm f For this view of the Nubian Desert east of the Nile, the camera was pointed east from over southern Egypt and Sudan. The Red Sea waters at the top are in the north- ern part of the Great Rift Valley of Africa, which has been shown to be a graben or downfaiilted block. The dark areas bordering it are Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks. The dark linear depression at the right is north of Kassala, Sudan, and is undoubtedly a subsidiary structure related to the main Rift Valley faulting. Thin cirrus filaments hide the nearby desert and several cumiilonimbi rise amid the cumulus clouds at the right. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54779 76 Before flowing north into Egypt, the Nile curves south- ward in northern Sudan. To the right of the antenna rod, where the river is relatively straight and there are no clouds, is its third cataract. Most of the area in the foreground is underlain by Nubian sandstone. Circular features here are similar to those of the Jebel Uwaynat. Vegetation increases from left to right as the color of the landscape darkens. To the east the main structural features of the Nubian Ramp, the Precambrian high- lands bordering the Red Sea, are visible. Some cumuli- form and cirriform clouds are shown drifting over the desert on both sides of the Red Sea. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54531 77 This and the next three pictures were taken only min- utes apart from altitudes of more than 300 miles. Lake Tana in Ethiopia is in the lower right. Beyond is nearly the whole southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. The bare orange expanse there is the "Empty Quarter" of Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Showers apparently were fall- ing on the lava-covered Abyssinian plateau from the clouds in the foreground. This plateau's average eleva- tion is more than 6000 feet. Dark areas below the cum- ulus clouds along the Red Sea's far shore are part of the Arabian shield, which the Red Sea rift separates from the African shield. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54533 78 The Red Sea is at the left. From it the Gulf of Aden extends to the Indian Ocean on the horizon. Between the spacecraft and the V-shaped Tadjoura Gulf in the lower center of this photo is Lake Abbe. The boundary between Ethiopia and the Somali Republic crosses that lake. Yemen occupies the left part of the Arabian Pen- insula shown here, and Aden is along the shore to the east. Major structural lineaments of the Arabian shield, and the dendritic wadi system of the Hadramawt Pla- teau, can be observed in this and the next picture. The spacecraft was ascending when this and the next photo were taken from an altitude of more than 350 miles. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54536 79 The resolution of this photo, showing some of the same area as the preceding two, is greater because the view is more nearly vertical. In the upper center the gently dip- ping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments that form the arcuate central interior homocline of the Arabian Pen- insula can be seen emerging from below Ar Rab al Khali. In September the Red Sea's warm waters pour into the Gulf of Aden over the sill of the strait you see beneath the spacecraft's transponder. A portion of that flow, about 150 miles long and 75 miles wide, can be detected by a difference in the water's hues, caused by its relative roughness. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54537 80 The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are in a geologically important area. The Gemini photos show several major structural lineaments which traverse Precambrian and Cretaceous rocks in this area. The view includes the bi- furcation of the Great African Rift valley — to the east under the Gulf of Aden and to the southwest under Africa to form the Abyssinian rift. The Afar depression in Africa, in the foreground, consists largely of volcanic rocks. It appeared to be raining on Ethiopia's highlands when this series of pictures was taken; air temperatures reached 100° F along the Red Sea coast 3 hours later. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54783 81 Now our view is to the east across the dry lands of the horn of Africa toward the Gulf of Aden. The Indian Ocean shore between Eil and Garad is visible in the upper left. The cumulus-cloud streets shown here are parallel to the southwest wind and the clear swath is over the valley of the Nogal River which flows across the Somali Republic. A narrow Precambrian ridge ex- tends eastward from the bottom of the photo and rough- ly parallels the coast of the Gulf of Aden in the fore- ground. The dark areas on the right represent Mesozoic deposits. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38424 82 Ethiopia is dotted by large lakes south of Addis Ababa. They are in the northern part of the Great African Rift valleys that extend from Syria to South Africa, and are thought to be graben; i.e., large blocks of the crust that have been downdropped along fractures. The parallel lines northeast of Zeway, the northernmost dark lake here, are indications of these fractures. The three center lakes are Shala (left), Hora Abyata (middle), and Langana (right). Cumulus clouds partially hide Awusa lake at the lower left. The sharp brown marks at the upper right and a curlicue on Langana's shore are defects in the photographic film. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63I62 83 Lake Tana in northwestern Ethiopia is the source of the Blue Nile. It is on a plateau more than 6000 feet above sea level, and its water flows to the southeast (lower right) before curving west to irrigate farms in Sudan and Egypt. Monasteries on the islands in Lake Tana date back to the 14th century. Extensive lava flows of late Mesozoic or Cenozoic age overlay the plateau. The lineament left and above the lake may be the expression of a fault, suggesting that the lake is of tectonic origin. Mountains rise nearly 13 000 feet in the region near the pancake-shaped cumulus clouds to the right of the lake. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64014 84 This photograph shows the Sun brilliantly reflected in the immense swamp called As Sudd through which the White Nile flows in Sudan. During Mid-Tertiary time the Sudd region was an enclosed drainage basin. Then tilting of the east African plateau during Pleistocene time chanared the direction of drainasre of Lake Victoria and additional waters were supplied to the lake here. This lake soon overflowed, draining off most of the water and leaving the swamp which exists today. Smoke from clearing operations on farms is visible at the bot- tom of the picture. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63161 85 Lake Victoria extends southward from the Equator. This is its southern shore in Tanzania, where it has many deep inlets and steep bluffs. The rows of cumulus clouds running northward direct your eye to Speke Gulf in the upper center of the picture. The large island at its entrance, called Ukerewe, rises 650 feet above the lake water and is densely populated. The town of Mwanza is at the head of the inlet below the gulf. There were thunderstorms northeast of Speke Gulf when the spacecraft passed over this tropical region in December on its wav to the Indian Ocean shore of the continent. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63232 86 Thunderstomis had generated a canopy of cirrus, pen- etrated by turrets from upward currents of air, when the astronauts took this picture of Africa's east coast south of the Equator. The spacecraft was over the northern end of the Mozambique Channel. The view extends from south of Vila do Ibo, Mozambique, to north of Mtwara, Tanzania. The boundary between the two countries is the Ruvuma River, which can be seen entering the Indian Ocean to the right of the center of this picture. High rocky headlands and steep cliffs on this part of the coast consist of marine sediments, and tiny coral islands stud the sea near the shore. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63228 87 For this photo of eastern Africa, the camera was point- ed west from off its shores. Kenya's coastal lowlands are in the foreground, and Tanzania's famous safari lands are near the horizon. Mount Kilimanjaro is the dark object left of center, flanked by Lake Eyasi on the left and Lake Natron on the right. The clouds suggest how the mountains disturb air flowing from the south- east. Several isolated cloud patches to the right lay near high peaks ; the one farthest right is around 1 7 050-foot Mount Kenya. Although these volcanic mountains axe close to the Equator, ice fields and glaciers are found on their summits. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38453 88 This view is similar to the preceding one, but the coastal strip shown is farther north and is part of the Somali Republic. The Equator crosses this area from the upper left to the lower right. Here the sea-surface temperature in the Somali Current is about 79° F in June, and you see fewer clouds over the water than over the land. The convective cloudiness covers the coastal lowlands and extends into northeastern Kenya, but over the highlands at the upper left — the region between the Indian Ocean and Lake Victoria — the sky is mostly quite clear. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 866-38454 89 Several cloud decks are discernible in this picture of Africa's Indiao Ocean coastline. East-west banding has occurred in the highest deck of cirrostratus, while cumu- lus-cloud streets have been embedded in a southwesterly airflow parallel to the coast at a low level. The camera was pointed northwest and a strip of the coast of the Somali Republic near Eil is visible in the clear zone at the right. Beyond the cloud field, the mainland has a reddish hue because the landscape is arid here. Eil is on the Baia del Negro at the mouth of the Nogal River, which flows eastward from higher areas inland. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45878 90 South of Ras Hafun and just north of the city of Moga- dishu, the capital of the Somali Republic, this vivid image of the Indian Ocean shore of Africa was record- ed by one of the astronauts. The sand dunes extend in- land and show a typical increase in red coloration as the distance from the shore becomes greater. The ori- entation of the dunes follows the dominant winds along this portion of the continental shelf along the shore. This strip of the coast is only a few degrees north of the Equator. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64021 91 Near Africa's eastern tip, the Indian Ocean nearly sur- rounds Ras Hafun, as you see in the center of this photo of the coast of the Somali Republic. A narrow strip of land connects it to the continent. Tidal action on river affluents has discolored the water of the bay. The small- er cape at the left is Ras Binnah. It is near the eastern entrance to the Gulf of Aden. The river running from the lower right corner of the picture is the Uadi Giael; it flows into the sea south of Ras Binnah. Two more pictures of this area follow. They were taken at nearly the same time as this one. Ras Hafun illustrates what geologists call a tombolo. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63130 92 This is a closer view of some of the area shown on the preceding page. Ras Hafun is in the upper left. The river draining into this large bay is the Darror. The Uadi Giael crosses this picture near the center. Cumulus clouds cast shadows on the Earth in the foreground. The desert here is underlain by Cenozoic marine and con- tinental sedimentary rocks. The ancient Egyptians called this northeastern horn of Africa "the land of aromatics" because in their time, as in ours, Somalia was a princi- pal source of frankincense and myrrh. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63131 93 i X This is an even closer view than the previous two of the Somah Republic. At the upper left is the strip of land between the discolored Baia di Hafun and the Indian Ocean. This appears to be a recently emerged coastline. Indications of this are the raised beach terraces, scarps parallel to the coast, and a youthful landscape that is GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63132 only slightly dissected by erosion. The climate is hot and di7. Upwelling of cool water in the sea nearby con- tributes to the region's aridity. This region can be seen again on the next page in a photo taken from a much higher altitude. Ras Hafun is on the right side of the land shown there. 94 This high-altitude, wide-angle photo of the eastern tip of Africa helps one relate features of the Earth shown in other photos that precede and follow this one. The narrow dark outcrops trending approximately parallel to the gulf on the coast of the Somali Republic at the left are exposures of the Precambrian basement com- plex, overlain and concentrically flanked by Mesozoic rocks. Near the Indian Ocean at the right, Neogene and Quaternaiy deposits lay over Palogene sediments. The cloud streets above the sea show how the winds off the entrance to the Gulf of Aden generally parallel the coastline. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S65-54538 95 Part V. The Indian Ocean and Australia Vjemini astronauts crisscrossed the 5000 miles of water between Africa and Aus- tralia many times. On most flights die spacecraft passed over Australia at night, which limited the number of photographs obtained of that continent. The first pictures in this section were taken south of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and show some of the many storms that are born and die in that lonely part of the worid. Even though Magellan's men crossed the Indian Ocean to circumnavigate the worid in 1521, European scholars knew very little about what lay beneath its waters until the oceanographers began to probe them late in the 19th century. Socotra, the first island pictured in this section, is a continental island like Ceylon. But the next islands shown are volcanic, and the Chagos and Maldive Archipelagos mark the site of a great submarine mountain range that extends far south of the tip of India. When the spacecraft approached Australia, the astronauts could look down on one of the stations tracking them. Their photographs show the arid lands of West- ern Australia, and that continent's northern coast, where the Timor and Arafura Seas link the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Photos of India and other portions of southern Asia are in the next section of this volume ; many of them also show vast stretches of the Indian Ocean. 97 « if ■ ■ J . v^^^^^^^^l 4, i -/r« V ^ ^^^^'' "-♦*-■ ..-V -■? • " • \ /Z^ L jv ' -- .,"•*! ^'■r >l&^..... .- ' yjSfc ^^^^^^1 ivkJiBi^Bu^ i 1 '^ P ^^^S!^— p ^-^ ' - lit- '^M Little is known about the geology of Socotra, an island about 75 miles long in the Indian Ocean south of Aden and Muscat and Oman. A British party resurveyed it a few years ago for the first time in more than a century. The surf often makes landing difficult, but it was mod- erate when this photo was taken and shows as a mere white line. The light, northerly winds typified those of the early monsoon season. The tiny islands above Soco- tra here are The Brothers, and the slender one in the Sun's glitter at the top is 'Abd Al Kuri. The Brothers lie on an insular shelf around Socotra, but the channel is deep between them and 'Abd Al Kuri. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64013 98 This panoramic oblique view from over the Indian Ocean embraces nearly the whole Arabian Sea. The horn of Africa and parts of Dhufar, and Muscat and Oman are at the left. On the right the view extends past Pakistan, and well down the coast of India. The low-level wind was southwest in the foreground and northwest off India south of the Gulf of Cambay. The Gulf of Oman is near the upper left. South of it one can see the archlike structure of the Oman Range, and to the north the general trend of the Makran range in Iran is visible. The relationship between these inoun- tains has long been an enisma. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 99 In this view to the east over the Indian Ocean off the coast of the Somali Republic, one sees long rows of cumulus clouds. Some small rows appear to be en- hanced, others have been suppressed, and the larger cloud elements form other rows at an angle of approx- imately 30° to them. A broad line runs from the top center to the lower right where the clouds have been suppressed. The mechanisms that produce such phe- nomena in the atmosphere are poorly understood. Wind shear, atmospheric stability, and sea-surface tempera- ture may all enter into the creation of patterns such as these. The next photo was taken much farther south. GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38429 100 The Mayotte Archipelago is in the Mozambique Chan- nel between Africa and the Malagasy Republic. This is a westward view of the Comoro Islands there. At the lower left is Mayotte, surrounded by an extensive, dan- gerous coral reef. In the center is Anjouan, which has a central peak 5170 feet high. Moheli, directly above it, is the smallest of these volcanic islands. Grande Co- more is at the upper right, but covered by cumulus congestus clouds. The varied alinement of cumulus in- dicates a complex low-level wind pattern. A small cloud eddy induced by the light flow of air past the islands can be seen near the top of the picture. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63227 101 Shadows and cui-ving lines of cumulus clouds broke the Sun's glitter on the Indian Ocean between the Malagasy Republic and the Mascarene Islands farther east. The curvature of the rows of cumulus may have resulted from the eddy effect generated by air flowing past mountainous islands. The island of Reunion is barely visible in the lower left. The coastline of the Malagasy Republic is near the horizon where the flattened tops of thunderstorms rise high into the atmosphere. Several bands of cirrus clouds are to the left of the Sun glitter. The reddish image at the top was caused by reflections within the camera. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63283 102 Several hundred miles east of the Malagasy Republic, the camera recorded this view of the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. Mauritius, in the center, is a roughly oval island composed of basalt and surrounded by coral. Uninhabited when discovered in the 1500's, its population now exceeds 500 000. The rows of cumu- lus clouds over it are alined east-west. At the left, south of the island, is an outstanding example of the classic open convective cloud cell. Reunion, the island in the upper center, is dominated by two volcanic masses, the largest of which, Piton des Neiges, rises 10 069 feet. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63284 103 It"- • 'S^r lai -.-^^^Jl^'-J^l :»*:'"'-^ This and the next two photos of clouds were taken far east of Africa, almost directly south of the tip of India. The clouds in this photograph belonged to a weak trop- ical vortex that was visible near 13° S and 80° E. You can see several decks of clouds in it, from high-level cirrus to low-level cumulus, arranged in distinct lines. Tropical storms are frequently spawned on both sides of the Equator in this lonely part of the Indian Ocean. Some of these storms grow to be vigorous, destructive typhoons; others remain weak, tropical circulations. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63280 104 This picture overlaps the one on the preceding page and includes the same clouds along its left edge that were shown in the photo there. This is an eastward look at the southern edge of a tropical vortex seen over the waters of the southern Indian Ocean. The alinement at different altitudes shows the changes in the wind di- rection with height. Of particular interest here is the apparent alinement of the lower clouds. This suggests that there was a diverging northeasterly flow, but be- cause such a flow is not likely so near to storms, the apparent alinement may have resulted from the per- spective of the photograph. GEMINI Vr DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63279 105 This is a nearly vertical view of a part of the area shown in the two preceding photographs of clouds in a tropical vortex over the southern Indian Ocean. The fine stream- ers of cirrus clouds in the center are being blown in a direction peri>endicular to the rows of low cumulus clouds. A canopy of cirrus obscures the lower levels at the left. Many of these storms originate over the trop- ical seas west of Sumatra, and some of them travel for several weeks before striking land or curving into high- er, colder latitudes to fade away. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63278 106 -'^, "^i: ■■frj, %i X •%*«••' ..*. '^ ••fc*-*. ^"•^ All scales of convective clouds can be seen near the Chagos Archipelago. The clear area at the lower right was over the Egmont Islands. The cirrus anvil tops of several cumulonimbi in the Sun-glitter area project toward the southwest. Small cumulus-cloud streets in the boundary layer are alined with the southeast trade winds. The large area of cirrus and cirrostratus in the foreground is a small part of a massive cloud volume of convective activity. Weather-satellite photos have re- vealed similar masses. Their lifetime is 1 or 2 days and their role in the circulation of the equatorial atmos- phere is not well understood yet. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 566-45846 107 The Chagos Archipelago, about 250 miles south of the Maldive Archipelago, consists of five main coral atolls called the Oil Islands. Two of them, Egmont and Three Brothers, can be glimpsed between the clouds in the foreground. The small cumulus clouds there are alined with southeast trade winds at the surface, while in the background a vast area of cumulus clouds is organized in various patterns. These islands are in the equatorial counter current; fish are plentiful, and green turtles thrive on their shores. The largest atoll in this group, Diego Garcia, totals only 1 1 square miles and had only 650 local residents in 1960. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45848 108 Five atolls of the Maldive Islands, a group north of the Chagos Archipelago, are in the foreground here. From the right edge they are Nilandu, Kolumadulu, Haddum- mati, Suvadiva, and Addu. The Equator is between Suvadiva and Addu. Winds from different directions are warping the towering cumulus clouds west of Addu at the lower left. At low levels the trade wind bends the towers toward the northwest; at an intermediate level they are being bent to the southwest ; and at high levels, plumes containing ice crystals are being carried west- ward. The convection that dominates a large area near the horizon is producing more cirrus clouds. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45853 109 Suvadiva is the large atoll here, Addu Atoll is below it, and the small island and reef of Fua Mulaku Island is between them. Within the lagoon of Suvadiva, the white spots are cumulus clouds, and the dark ones are coral knolls typical of Pacific and Indian Ocean atoll lagoons. The white, pearllike fringe on the shores of both Suvadiva and Addu is the reflectance from strong surf produced as waves approach from the south. The prominent large white cumulonimbus in the foreground had reached the upper levels of the atmosphere, and the tops of these clouds were being blown to the southwest when this picture was taken. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45851 110 This picture shows a thin veil of cirrus clouds being swept along by high-altitude east winds over the Indian Ocean south of Ceylon. The camera was pointed west, and the Maldive Islands are near the horizon, but too small and far away to be seen. Thunderstorms spew out long cirrus streamers which may extend for hundreds of miles in this tropical region. A different, lower level wind regime had alined the cumulus clouds in the fore- ground in a north-south line at the time this picture was taken. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45859 111 Only about 200 of the 2000 small Maldive Islands south- west of Ceylofi are inhabited. They are grouped in 12 atolls. Suvadiva Atoll is near the center of this early- morning photo, for which the low Sun brightened the sides of high towering cumulus clouds. The cirriform clouds were in thinner, less dense layers and appear darker. The Maldive Islands are coral caps on the high, central portions of a long, submerged, partly granitic ridge. It begins at the approximate latitude of Bombay and extends southward along the west coast of India. This Chagos-Laccadive Plateau joins the Mid-Oceanic (Carlsberg) Ridge near the Chagos Archipelago. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62974 112 These stratocumulus clouds seen over the southeastern Indian Ocean looked like floating fields of ice, but the orbits of the Gemini flights kept them well away from the polar regions of the Earth. Similar cloud forms fre- quently are seen off the coasts of California and Peru where the waters of the Pacific are relatively cool. Some cellular patterns are discernible in this stratocumulus, indicating that a Benard cell-type circulation might be found in the lower atmosphere. A few cirrus clouds al- so are scattered throughout the photo. GEMINI IX JUlVE 6, 1966 S66-38440 113 A late-afternoon Sun spread dark shadows of cumuli- form clouds over Western Australia the day that this and the next photo were taken. The Ashburton River valley is in the upper left, and the Indian Ocean shore in the lower right. The large light area near the sea is Lake McLeod, a dry salt lake (visible again in the low- er left corner of the next photo). Lake McLeod is a short distance south of the Tropic of Capricorn, and the town called Winning Pool is north of it. Many na- tions helped to assure the safety of the American as- tronauts; Australia contributed to the cost of operating a tracking station on its western coast. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63135 114 Shark Bay and Denham Sound dominate the center of this view of Australia's westernmost shore. The Carnar- von Tracking Station, a part of the NASA worldwide network used to track manned space flights, is near the mouth of the Gascoyne River in the lower left corner of the picture. The cumulus and cumulus congestus in the upper half of the photo are over the higher parts of the mainland between this shore and Australia's great deserts. In the central foreground are Dorre Island and Bernier Island. The city of Wooramel is on the left side of the large bay in which the topography below the shal- low water is discernible. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63136 115 This is a wide-angle photo of Australia's northwestern coast with Eighty Mile Beach in the foreground. In- land is the Great Sandy Desert; the Lake Mackay is near the center of the right edge. In the upper left, parts of Timor are visible despite dense clouds such as persist over Indonesia much of the year. The Gulf of Carpen- taria is near the horizon on the right. Cumulus-cloud patterns cover hilly regions below it. A vast Precam- brian shield extends across Australia from Perth to the Gulf of Carpentaria. The area is a broad complex of pillow lavas, tuffs, and greenstones, flanked by me- tasediments, all of which are intruded bv granites. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54700 116 In this view of Australia's Eighty Mile Beach, three coral reefs stand out at the left below a fine-structured network of cumulus clouds over the sea. The shore here shows the simple contours and sand beaches of a mature coast. In the desert inland, long linear dunes cover a basin of Permian rocks. The V-shaped bay in the upper center is King Sound, filled with muddy, silty water by the Fitzroy River. At Tampi Point, above it, much iron has been mined from Precambrian granites and pegma- tites. Collier Bay, Brunswick Bay, Prince Frederick Har- bor, and York Sound are indentations in the coastline at the top of this photo. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54918 117 Here is Australia's Northern Territory from Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, in the upper left, east to Cape York. On the far side of the gulf are Bathurst and Melville Islands, which shield Darwin from the Timor Sea. The prominent river entering the gulf is the Ord. The King Leopold ranges curve across the lower part of this pho- tograph. Gregory Lake is in the lower center. The plain area in the upper center is Arnhem Land, a plateau capped by Jurassic shale and sandstone, with important mineralization of granodiorites and pegmatites around Pine Creek on its western end. The next picture is a more nearly vertical view of this area. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54925 118 This picture overlaps the preceding one. Cold ocean currents sweep along Australia's coast here and through the straits to the Timor Sea. Winds from the Great Sandy Desert were blowing turbid water away from the shore when this picture was taken. The light-blue areas near the center, left of King Sound and Joseph Bona- parte Gulf, are shoal waters around islands and archi- pelagos. The coastline here is one of submergence, with tides of 15 to 30 feet, and up to 46 feet in King Sound. In the right center, the Margaret River joins the Fitz- roy River. The King Leopold Ranges cross the upper right center of the picture. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54924 119 Part VI. Southern Asia (jEMiNi XI rose farther above the Earth's surface on September 14, 1966, than men ever had gone before. Astronauts Charles Conrad, Jr., and Richard F. Gor- don, Jr., first realized how high they were when the whole subcontinent of India came into view. Commander Conrad was so impressed by "how small the world is" that the sight always will be one of his sharpest memories of the flight. When photographed from an altitude of more than 400 miles, India's whole coast was nearly cloudless. A small low-pressure system lay in the north, the wind was toward the shore on all coasts, and there for India's people it was a pleasant sea breeze. The air temperature along the coast was about 80° F and only from 7° to 10° higher in the interior. Man's newly acquired ability to "see" such a system in toto can be very helpful in quantitative studies of his environment. Not only can the seaward extent of the ocean breezes be measured, but the sea-surface wind drift, areas of potential up- welling, and convergences can be plotted for an entire coast. Were such a view available daily, the value to fisheries, shipping, and meteorology would be incal- culable. Some of the pictures in this volume were taken at the request of the U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office and the U.S. Geological Survey. They contain information that is frequently lost when photos taken from aircraft are combined to show large areas. 121 You are looking directly down now on 100 000 square miles of the Arabian Peninsula's Hadramawt Plateau. The dark areas near the Gulf of Aden in the upper left are igneous and metamorphic rock including Quater- nary volcanics, and the light area is a sand-dune field. The Hadramawt Plateau's sedimentary rocks dip gently to the north, and stream piracy is evident in the fore- ground. Several tributaries of the immense wadi in the lower right have lost their headwaters to the stream in the center. This dendritic drainage pattern is typical of a morphologically youthful stage of erosion on nearly flat strata. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64010 122 r-'x-" "Ni^-- . This view spans about 150 miles of the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and partially overlafK the preceding picture. The Hadramawt Plateau is in the foreground and the Gulf of Aden in the upper part of the photo. The drainage is partly dendritic, but shows a trellis pattern near the shore, which may have resulted from the dip of strata or from faulting. The dark areas near the water are Quaternary volcanics of the Aden Volcanic Series. Five old lagoons have been filled and their inlets closed by depositions that contrast with the sharp coastal features of the erosional headlands. This area is immediately east of Al Mukalla. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64011 123 The strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman is directly above the antenna in this photo, taken from an altitude of about 300 miles. Near the horizon the folded mountain systems forming the Zagros-Makran Ranges of Iran and West Pakistan can be seen, as well as the great depression containing the Baluchistan Des- ert, Siah Reg, of northern Pakistan and southern Afghan- istan. Over the Empty Quarter in the foreground, cumu- liform clouds were widely dispersed. Along the shore of the Gulf of Oman they were more prevalent in a sea- breeze circulation. Beyond the Arabian Sea, India is faintly visible at the far right. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54669 124 This photo shows the whole Gulf of Oman. The south- eastern end of the Persian Gulf is in the foreground and the Arabian Sea can be seen at the top. The large island at the lower left is called Qeshm, and the light area above the spacecraft nose is the Trucial Coast. In the distance, northeasterly winds can be seen carrying dust out over the Gulf of Oman for 150 miles near the bor- der between Iran and West Pakistan. This and the next photo are of considerable geological interest because of the clarity with which they show the Strait of Hormuz. In a geological sense, this strait separates Africa from Asia. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63486 125 In this view to the east, Iran is at the left and Saudi Arabia at the right. The peninsula that juts into the Strait of Hormuz is the northern end of the Oman Range on the Arabian Peninsula. It points to a sharp discordance, called the Oman line, at the left, in the Makran Ranges in Iran. These ranges seem to have been moved to the south by an immense thrust fault. There are reasons to doubt this, but a considerable dis- location of fold axes is certainly apparent, and the con- cept is of interest because of the insight regarding the nature of the Oman line that geologists may gain from high-altitude photography. GEMINr XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63082 126 This view of the Zagros Mountains in Iran and the Persian Gulf shows anticlines generally composed of Cretaceous or Tertiary sedimentary rock cores, sur- rounded by upturned younger strata. The uplift of these mountains began in the Pliocene era and has outstripped erosion thus far. Salt beds have figured in their history by forming plugs and flowing upward as rheids in many places. Some have penetrated thousands of feet of rock to reach the surface. The dark circular or elliptical masses near the coast at the upper left are salt plugs that are exposed at the surface. They would dissolve soon in a wet climate, but here they survive. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63483 127 This is the front of the Himalaya Mountains in India and Nepal. This is a fascinating area geologically be- cause the Himalayas here are an extremely complex as- sortment of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, ranging in age from Precambrian to Recent, that have been thrust southward where the Indian Peninsula begins. The city of Rampur, India, lies near the lower center of this view, and the mountains at the upper right are in Nepal. The rivers, including the Sard at the up- per right, are tributaries of the Ganges, which flows in- to the Bay of Bengal east of Calcutta. The next photo shows the Himalayas from another vantage point. GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63128 128 ^/, ■,rt.'t '.•■/- ^-i' Mount Everest is about an inch to the right of the cen- ter of the view of the Himalayas from west of Nepal to Bhutan, and 8 more of the world's 12 highest peaks are visible. Over India at the left the air is hazy, and thun- derstorms catch early-morning sunlight south of the mountains. In the clear area at the right edge is the Brahmaputra River. The central peak of the forked range in the right foreground is Kula Gangri. The Himalayas were formed by thrust faulting along the margin of the central Asia tableland. As they were thrust southward, the cioist folded to form the sub- Himalaya chain in front of the main mountains. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 15, 1966 366-54840 129 Notice the great U-shaped cloudline around India in this photo. Subsiding air in a sea-breeze circulation re- suhed in the suppression of convective clouds off the peninsula's coast for 30 to 50 miles on the west and 120 to 150 miles on the east. The occurrence of polygonal convection cells of cumulus clouds indicates heating of the air by the water and a lack of winds. Vegetation darkens the mountainous regions of Western and East- ern Ghats, but the reddish soil of southern India can be seen between these ranges. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54677 130 The Coleroon River and other topographic features of the tip of India can be seen here, as well as typical day- time cumulus-cloud activity, with many cloud elements in long lines parallel to the wdnds. Southern India was included in the synoptic terrain photography experiment because the Indian Upper Mantle Project is focused on it, and photos such as this show more than mosaics. Be- tween India and Ceylon, at the far right, the sea is so shallow that a small drop in its level would rejoin the two areas. The islands and shoals there are known both as Adam's Bridge and as Rama's Bridge. The next two pictures show more details of Ceylon. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54904 131 This picture overlaps the previous one. It includes all of Ceylon, yet the Himalayas, roughly 2300 miles away, are faintly visible on the horizon. Ceylon is 270 miles long. Its people are clustered on the moist southwestern third of the island. Dry areas elsewhere were irrigated and productive 2000 years ago, but later were neglected until recent times. At the upper right, cirrus clouds can be seen streaming westward toward Ceylon from a con- vective area in the Bay of Bengal. At top center there is another region of cloudiness near Calcutta. It is asso- ciated with a weak depression. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54678 132 You are looking south now at the shallow water be- tween Ceylon, on the left, and India, at the right. Palk Bay and Palk Strait are in the center and the Gulf of Mannar at the top of the picture. Rama, the hero of Ramayana, is said to have built a bridge here to take his army from India to Ceylon. A road-railway-ferry system now crosses this shallow area. The high thin clouds over Ceylon are probably associated with a trop- ical storm in the Bay of Bengal. Ceylon is within 450 miles of the Equator, but oceanic winds temper its hot, humid climate. At the lower right, the Coleroon River at Thanjaviir is visible. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 365-63743 133 About 90 minutes after the Gemini XI photos on pre- ceding pages were taken, the spacecraft crossed the In- dian Ocean again and obtained this view. In it one can see how the clouds developed and changed in the brief time it took the spacecraft to circle the world. India and Ceylon are near the horizon at the left. Cumulus con- gestus over Ceylon had become cumulonimbi, with elongated, anvillike tops extending nearly 100 miles to the Indian coast, by the time this photo was taken. Over the equatorial Indian Ocean in the foreground, dense cirrus and cirrostratus clouds hid many of the low-level convective clouds. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54544 134 t^ essEBC x: sT'isaiBEX. IK ase l£2r^^ -mS: Southeastern Ceylon is in the lower left comer of this picture of long fingers of cirrus clouds reaching west across the Bay of Bengal. The thick cirrus near the top of this northeasterly view is emanating from convective storms over the Malay Peninsula. The cloudiness near the upper center is west of the Nicobar Islands, and is typical of that seen in tropical Southeast Asia. Details discernible in Gemini color pictures such as this have helped the meteorologists who interpret the photographs televised to Earth from unmanned satellites. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54681 136 This view eastward across Sumatra shows the great quantities of cirrus produced by cumulonimbus clouds in this equatorial monsoon climate. The intense convec- tive activity, which produces more than 100 inches of rain a year in much of this area, is particularly evident over northern Sumatra in the upper left, and along a line which cuts across the lower right corner of the pic- ture. In the lower levels the undeveloped cumuli show open cellular patterns in some areas, as well as a sug- gestion of a vortex in the right center of the photo. Monthly mean temperatures average about 80° F at sea level in this part of Indonesia. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54686 137 The long shafts of cirrus clouds at the left here trended southwest from northern Borneo. The view is to the northeast and includes many of the Indonesian islands. They are the spice islands that Columbus sought. The clouds above them in this photo were predominantly convective in a moist, unstable atmosphere. Southern Sumatra is at the left behind the antenna; Java is the long, narrow island in the center, and the Sunda Islands stretch toward the horizon. Borneo is in the upper left corner. Celebes, across the Makassar Strait, is to the risrht of Borneo and well cloaked in clouds. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54691 138 This is a view to the northeast from over the Indian Ocean near the Equator. The photo shows several ex- tremely long bands of cirrus clouds lined up northeast- southwest at a time when cumulus clouds were sparse in the lower atmosphere. The dark mass discernible through the thin clouds at the upper left is northern Sumatra. The islands off its west coast here are Simeu- lue, at the left; Banjak, in the upper center; and Nias, in the right center. Notice how the moist equatorial at- mosphere obscures the eastern lowlands of Sumatra bordering the Strait of Malacca more than it does the central highlands. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45782 139 Off Sumatra's southwestern coast many large volcanic islands, with small ones scattered among them, rise from a submarine platform in the Indian Ocean. They are part of a chain that extends on toward Java and Aus- tralia. Thin cirrus clouds veil the upper part of this view, but Tanahbala, the southernmost of the Batu group, can be seen at the left, and Siberut, the largest of the Mentawai Group, is near the center. Some of Siber- ut's peaks rise more than 1000 feet. The cumulus-cloud streets at the lower right trend north-south, west of Sibenit. Thick forests cloak many of the islands in this chain and coral reefs have risen around them. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45785 140 This photo of the Mentawai Archipelago overlaps the preceding one. Siberut Island is at the left, Sipora Is- land in the center, Utara and Selatan Islands are at the right, and numerous other small islands are includ- ed. Sumatra's west coast along the southern slope of the Barisan Mountains is at the top. The surf was creating bright lines along the western and southern shores of the islands when this picture was taken, suggesting that an onshore wind was blowing. Cumulus clouds were lined up in a southwest wind over the islands, while cirrus plumes were blowing from the northeast at a high- er level. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45787 141 Sumatra sprawls across the Equator south of Bumia and Malaysia. In the middle of this photo, cumulus clouds alined with southeasterly winds rib its central lowlands. The Strait of Malacca is at the right of boomerang- shaped Bengkalis Island. The narrower Pandjung Strait in the upper center separates several large islands from the mainland. The Siak and Kampar Rivers, flowing north and east from Sumatra's mountains, fill this strait with mud and silt. Thin cirrus clouds shroud forests and jungles on the hot, humid islands. A denser band of cirrus partly conceals a cumulus-cloud line that ex- tends upward at the right. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45791 142 This view northward over the Bay of Bengal shows the Irrawaddy River delta in Burma. The Gulf of Martaban in the lower right is 150 miles wide, and some of the river's several mouths are visible left of it. Rice is grown on the alluvial lowlands of this fertile delta. The brown, silt-laden water being discharged into the Andaman Sea is evidence of denudation upstream that has been estimated to be 1 foot in 400 years. At the left the northern part of the Andaman Islands can be seen. Cumulus streets prevail over the bay and sea, but there are also a few scattered cirrus clouds. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62976 143 'W^m P- 1^ ^ =^■5^ ^^^^ - ^ ^^^^^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^Hf ^"^ / / f^^ .^ ^ i 1 1 ^^Bfe^'^'^ISatgA^P^I^ "" / -H. -^H '<%^^g ^^^£i^r''^:^^!9 J P. '"'"■'\. i )^H1 ^Hnp" -v^^.^^.. f^ ? ^. m E 1 J ■^^?^^: } T •'< JW*- • >i V*.' »>• '■■ ':-'^m^^.- [ m ^W ■■■'«!^Bj ' - -■ '^^::»::kj.^^ , . ' . '■. . ■ •:' " ^■■_.f.Vf' ^ ^ ^^^^^1 .'.' 1 HWf^l ^^_ ^ w^ The Gulf of Martaban is in the center and Thailand is at the right here. The Irrawaddy River delta is at the left, and from it a valley runs north to a dry, light- colored region near Mandalay that is sometimes called the Purple Plain. The river to the right of the Irra- waddy is the Sittang, and the Pegu Yoma separates the two valleys. The view is up the strike of the Arakan Yoma and other mountains in Burma. Geologically these mountains are continuous with the island arcs of Indonesia. Many geologists consider such arcs peripher- al to growing continents. The accretion underway here, however, is occurring along the strike of the arc. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62979 144 Cumulus clouds have grown to extensive heights here, pumping heat and moisture into the high levels of the atmosphere, where cirrus plumes are beginning to ob- scure the lower clouds. The many stages of cumulus de- velopment depicted here were producing summertime showers over Kwangtung Province in China when this photograph was taken. East is at the top of the picture. Nearly 75 miles of coastal southeastern China can be glimpsed in the upper right corner. Offshore, a line of cumulus clouds parallels the bay-indented, island-stud- ded coast of the Asiatic mainland. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45945 145 The camera was pointed northeast along the Formosa Strait to obtain this picture of Taiwan and the coast of China. The Pescadores Islands are sHghtly above and left of its center. Hot, humid air hangs over southeast- ern China in the summer, and an unstable southwesterly current of maritime air had converared with the North Pacific trade winds to produce the clouds and showery weather shown here. The cloudiness on the left pre- ceded a weak cold front near the mouth of the Yellow River. The muddy water from river mouths is faintly visible at the upper left. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45860 146 This view toward the west of northeastern China in- cludes the 70-mile-wide Hangchou Bay, at the right, into which the Fuchun River empties. The larger clouds are thunderstorms which are effective generators of precipitation over this region during the summer. The cumulus clouds at the upper right are in a northeast- southwest alinement. The area shown is largely in Chekiang Province, and includes the large cities of Hangchou, Shaohsing, and Ningpo. They are not re- solved because of the range and atmospheric scattering, but the distinctive sediment patterns off the Fuchun and other rivers can be seen clearly. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45960 147 China is at the left, the Pescadores Islands in the cen- ter, and Taiwan at the right here. The mainland's coast is in a youthful stage of development, and jagged be- cause erosion has not yet produced offshore bars or ex- tensive coastal plains along it. The convective cloudi- ness at the right is in air coming from the southeast over Taiwan's 12 000-foot Chungyang mountain range. Tides complicate the currents in the Formosa Strait here. Astronaut John W. Young called this a "lucky" photo because it was made while the spacecraft was driftina; in a random attitude over the strait. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45866 148 Looking back toward Asia from over the Pacific, 180 miles of China's coast, from Fuchow at the left to Wen- ling at the right, were photographed. The river in the foreground, with an island in its mouth, is the Ou Chang. Sediments discolor the coastal waters near it. Along the right edge, sections of the Yangtze River be- tween Kiukang and Siangfu can be glimpsed. The con- vective-type clouds, from some of which rain was fall- ing, were over mountainous terrain that rises 5000 feet in places. The region at the left, where the clouds are thickest, is a climatic wind convergence zone during the summer. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45958 149 Convective clouds cover much of Taiwan in this south- erly view, but its shorelines are visible. Taipei is at the lower center. A tropical storm was dissipated east of the island the previous day. The cloud streets beyond the southern tip are alined now in an easterly wind near the surface. Cumulonimbi are in scattered groups elsewhere. Left of the big island, the tops of thunderstorms are directed toward the east, indicating that there is a west wind at their level, and an open cellular formation of cumulus clouds also can be seen. The cirriform under- cast near the horizon conceals the northernmost of the Philippine Islands. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45956 150 Taiwan is a rugged, forested island 250 miles long that parts the major current in the sea the way a ship does. As the "bow wave" spreads, the upwelling near the shore makes the sea darker blue above the island's southern tip, and lighter blue where an evenly rough- ened surface reflects the sunlight. More lowland shows west of the mountains than to the east. The braided patterns of the rivers are typical of streams issuing from steep mountainous areas. One of several wrench faults that ring the Pacific underlies the narrow eastern valley. "This picture," the astronaut noted, "shows many of the major features that we look for in Earth photography." GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45868 151 Part VII. Across the Pacific It was God's pleasure," Marco Polo wrote after his travels seven centuries ago, "that we should get back in order that people might learn of the things that the world contains." After crossing the lands that were on the frontier of knowledge in Marco Polo's day, the world's largest ocean still lay ahead of the Gemini astronauts. The Pacific covers nearly a third of the Earth's surface. It has deeper waters than any other ocean, yet it is studded with volcanic island chains which prim- itive people, looking at the stars, reached centuries ago in crude boats. Several of these beautiful bits of land are shown in the photos that follow. Here, too, you will find a sunrise and a full Moon as photographed from above the clouds that sweep over the Pacific. The astronauts saw the Sun rising and set- ting far more often during their revolutions of the Earth than people on the Earth's surface. They were given general astronomical briefings on phenomena to observe and the reporting procedure to follow so that maximum scientific use could be made of their observations. In addition to the pictures reproduced here, they obtained color photographs of the airglow, the zodiacal light, and the solar eclipse that oc- curred November 12, 1966. Thus the Gemini science program began what well may be called the extension of the scientific laboratory into space. It demonstrated the usefulness on many occasions of having men aboard spacecraft. More sophisticated and challenging experiments are being designed now, because men have found new ways of learning about things that the Earth and the solar system contain. 153 "The photo [above] was taken," said Astronaut David R. Scott, "during the second sunrise for Gemini VIII. I had hastily unstowed the camera and was anxious to make sure it functioned properly. ... I was in hopes of capturing the magnificence of the scene, particularly the airglow and thunderheads. Unfortunately, the tioie fidelity of the view was not recorded by the camera." (More sensitive emulsion or longer exposure, or both, would be required to bring out the dim light features.) Study of twilight or dawn bands is of considerable in- terest to scientists. The spacecraft was near Guam when this photo was taken. GEMINI VIII MARCH 16, 1966 S66-25771 154 "The Moon varied greatly during the 2 weeks of flight," Gemini VII's Command Pilot Frank Borman wrote afterward. "Jim [Lovell] took this picture of the full Moon as a symbol of our next goal in manned space flight, the lunar landing. I think it also dramatizes the difference between mere orbital flight and the future adventures that will take man a quarter of a million miles into the ocean of space." The two astronauts were over the Pacific on their 63d orbit. Trade-wind cumuli lay over that great body of water and extensive areas of cirrostratus were penetrated by the more active cumu- lonimbi. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63872 155 These clouds came into view over the East Caroline Basin where seamen encounter northeast trade winds north of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean. A variety of convective clouds is shown here, some of which are forming open polygon-shaped cells with larg- er cumuli and cumulonimbi at the cell comers. Air gen- erally sinks within the open region in a cell and rises near the edges where the clouds are found. The north- em half of Murilo Atoll is just above the spacecraft nose. It is near Truk Island, and about 9° north of the Equator. The lagoon enclosed by this atoll is about 10 miles wide. GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45653 156 Here are 8 of the 80 coral islands in the 1300-mile chain of the Tuamoto Archipelago, a part of French Poly- nesia, about 16° S and 145° W in the South Pacific. The seven most prominent atolls are, from left to right, Tikehau, Rangiroa, Arutua, Kaukura, Apataki, Toau, and Fakarava. A thin line of clouds in the center points downward to Niau. The poorly organized cumulus ac- tivity is typical of the fair weather in this area. Coco- nut, breadfruit, and pandanus trees grow on these re- mote islands and the limpid waters of their lagoons yield pearl oysters. The islands shown in the next few pictures are far north of this archipelago. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63827 157 This is a nearly vertical view of two of the western Pacific's many volcanic islands, and shows both the motion of the clouds and the waters around them. These are the Daito Islands, about 200 miles east of Okinawa and 400 miles south of Kyushu, Japan. The larger one is Kita Daito Jima. The turbulence in the deep channel between it and the one below it in the photo and the cross-swell pattern behind them can be seen. In the original transparency of this picture, a typical wind slick, or "tadpole tail," behind the islands can be seen. It is mainly behind the larger island and indicates the wave action and water motion. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45871 158 The most western part of the United States photo- graphed on the Gemini flights was Kure Island, at the lower left here. The Midway Islands are in the center of the picture, and Pearl and Hermes Reef is at the upper right. Coral colonies built these gemlike dots in the sea on the summits of eroded submarine volcanoes that scientific studies indicate were active at this western end of the long Hawaiian chain before others erupted farther east. Test drillings have shown that the basaltic volcano base of the Midways subsided before the mid- dle Miocene epoch. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63726 159 More details of Pearl and Hermes Reef and the lagoon that encloses its dozen islets can be seen in this photo than in the preceding one. Pearl fishermen once inhab- ited these beautiful protuberances from the Pacific, but these islands are now -part of a national wildlife refuge. The islands from Nihoa to Pearl and Hermes Reef are often referred to as the "bird islands." Mark Twain called the Hawaiian chain "the loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean." Virtually all of the habitable islands of the Pacific were populated before the arrival of Europeans. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63727 160 This cloud system was photographed over the Pacific Ocean about 400 miles west of Midway Island. The view was northeasterly along curving cloud lines that marked a cold front which extended into the cloud shield of a cyclonic disturbance at the upper right. The cool air behind the front was being heated by the sur- face of the sea, and cumulus clouds had formed a cellu- lar pattern near the center of the photograph. Cirriform and cumuliform clouds can be seen preceding the cold front at the right. This picture was taken in November and the same cold front and cyclonic disturbance were photographed again the next day. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-62951, 161 After taking the picture on the preceding page, the astronauts circled the Earth 15 times before taking this one north of Midway Islands. This is a view to the northeast along the same cold front that they had noted the day before. This front was part of a cyclonic dis- turbance, the center of which can be seen at the far end of the clearing. The more dense cloudiness near the center of the picture probably had thunderstorms em- bedded in it along the boundary between the warm and the cool air. Cirrus clouds are shown over the frontal clouds, stratus clouds are to the right of them, and cumuliform clouds to the left. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63076 162 This and the next photo were taken very soon after the one that immediately precedes them was taken. From the foreground to the center of this picture are Kure Island, Midway Islands, and Pearl and Hermes Reef, surrounded by blue-green lagoonal waters. The same low-pressure system over the Pacific that was shown in the preceding picture is shown here in different light. The cold front crosses the center of this picture from left to right in an arc of cumuliform clouds that touches Pearl and Hermes Reef. The cooler air in the fore- ground lay behind the cold front. Ahead of it, toward the horizon, the air was warmer. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63077 163 This is a southwesterly view along the same cold front near the Midway Islands in the Pacific that you saw in the three photos that have preceded this one. This shows the cold front from another vantage point. The blue-greenish spots, barely discernible, are, from the right center to the upper center, the images of Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Islands, and Kure Island. The surface winds at Midway Island were westerly at 10 knots when this picture was recorded. The bright region is Sun glitter from the surface of the Pacific. Several series of meteorological pictures such as these were obtained during the Gemini program. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63080 164 ^^ • . , /••;.-;/ ■ • '•< .• .. ■• . ■ ,■.■■•.■;•■•'* Few large areas of the marine atmosphere in and near the Tropics ever seem completely devoid of clouds. There is about one cloud for every 2 square miles of ocean surface in this picture, even though the total cov- er seems small. The blue-green outline of Pearl and Hermes Reef is detectable near the right edge of this photo under a few scattered cumulus and cirrus clouds. These reefs are near the western end of the chain of inlets and reefs that extends for approximately 1250 miles northwest from the main islands of the Hawaiian group. Most of these bits of the State of Hawaii are uninhabited. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45844 165 The sky west of Midway Islands offered the viewer an- other lesson in meteorology the morning that this photo was taken. Small cumulus clouds were sfrowin? into polygonal, cell-like structures. This occurs when the surface water is warmer than the air, the temperature is evenly distributed, and there is little or no wind. The cells in this view were not fully developed. Whether they would become well-formed Benard-type cells de- pended on the time available for formation, the differ- ence in temperature between the sea and the atmos- phere, and the height through which the convection was occurring. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45841 166 These stratocumulus clouds lay over the Pacific west of Ecuador, South America. The three prominent holes in them, at the upper left, were over the volcanic cones of the Galapagos Islands' mountains. The upper one is above Isla Fernandina's 5075-foot peak; the middle and lower ones are above Isla Isabela's two northernmost peaks. The lines resembling bow waves near each hole were caused by air moving past the mountains from the east. Although the Galapagos Islands are on the Equator, their climate is temperate throughout the year because they are in the path of the cool Peru Current. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63854 167 Victor Hugo called clouds "the only birds that never sleep." This restless flock of them was photographed in the late afternoon over the eastern Pacific about 1000 miles southwest of Baja California. Vigorous con- vection in the cloud mass at the left was producing a cirrus cloud of ice crystals in the tropical sky, and thin cirrus was spread over wide areas elsewhere. Polygon- shaped open cells of cumulus clouds can be seen at the lower right, and there are a few cloud streets in the center of the photo. The camera was pointed toward the southeast. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1965 366-63464 168 This is a southeasterly view of the eastern Pacific Ocean that includes the Baja California Peninsula and Mexico at the upper left separated by the Gulf of California. Guadalupe Island, in the left center, is surrounded by stratocumulus clouds. Downwind from the island, a chain of vortices has formed similar to eddy patterns found near the Canary Islands in the Atlantic. The patterns in the foreground indicate cellular convection was occurring in the air near the sea surface. The closed- cell type predominates here, but there are open cells in several areas in the foreground and the upper center. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63493 169 This more nearly vertical view of the Von Karman vortices downwind from Guadalupe Island was obtained a minute after the preceding one, when the island was behind the spacecraft nose. These eddies over the eastern Pacific Ocean are disturbances caused in air flowing past its mountainous islands. Weak convective currents in the lower atmosphere give the stratocumulus clouds their cellular appearance. In a closed cell, the air ascends near the center and descends at its edges. The circu- lation is the opposite of this in an open cell, which has clouds for walls and a clear center. Both types of cells are represented here. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66H33494 170 'iL^'-^l&i' Guadalupe Island is in the center of this photo, taken on a clearer day than the other pictures of it in this group. It is a game preserve for elephant seals, and is about 25 miles long. The winds on this day were north- erly and aided in the formation of low stratus clouds over the island's northern coast and the development of counterrotating eddies downwind. The curved, poorly developed cumulus lines evident here follow, in part, the eddy system in the marine layer. Long, open waves approaching the island from the open Pacific developed the white surf on the island's western shore. The space- craft window blurred an upper corner of this view. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63870 171 Guadalupe Island is in the opening in the clouds at the lower right. It is about 180 miles west of Baja California, the long peninsula visible in the center of the photo, beyond the clouds. The island is an extinct volcano that rises from a great depth to an altitude of more than 4900 feet. The large openings in these stratocumulus clouds are Von Karman vortices that have formed downwind of the island. The cool California current produces a marine climate in this offshore part of Mexico. The Mexican mainland is visible along the horizon beyond the Gulf of California. GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 366-45656 172 Part VIII. South America Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan took many of the photographs in this section on what he thinks was "the most fascinating and beautiful trip a man ever made across South America." The spacecraft carried him over the continent on a southeastward course that it would be arduous to follow on foot, and the weather was clear when he looked across Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. "Without blinking an eye," he wrote afterward, "I could see the high Andes, the Pacific Ocean, the great Altiplano with a jewellike Titicaca, the rain forests of the Amazon Basin, and the Chaco plains on down our orbital path." In addition to what he saw, this section contains pictures taken on three other Gemini flights. These include some examples of photos taken on color infrared film. The camera has enabled men to use parts of the spectrum to which their own eyes do not respond, and this increases the information obtainable from afar about conditions on the Earth's surface. By combining the observations made in different spectral bands, scientists obtain still more information. This enables them to survey and study developments in parts of the Earth that are difficult and sometimes perilous to enter. South America has been generous to bygone civilizations as well as to our own (e.g., the potato originated there), but our knowledge of many parts of it is still shamefully meager and can be enhanced by photographs such as these. 173 This is the towering Andean cordillera in Peru as seen from over the Pacific Ocean. The narrow coastal plain in the foreground is between Lima and San Juan. Pen- insula Paracus is nearly in its center. Beyond the peaks above it, the Rio Ucayali, and the VilCabamba Moun- tains, the view extends into the Amazon Basin. The snow and ice on many peaks are difficult to distinguish from cumulus clouds reflecting the setting Sun's light. The Peru Current brings relatively cool water to this part of South America's western coast and stabilizes the lower atmosphere. Stratus and stratocumulus clouds hover ofTshore here throughout much of the year. GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38281 174 This photo was taken from above the main ridges of the Andes. An irregular band of stratocumulus follows the Western slopes of the mountains a few degrees south of the Equator in Ecuador and Peru. The Amazon Basin begins at the far left, where cumuliform clouds coxer the Maraiion river's course. The Golfo de Guayaquil is in the foreground, with the Isla de Puna below it. Early in the 1500's, Pizzaro began his search for South Amer- ica's gold near a point of land formed by a river delta at the lower right. It is now Tumbes, the most northern port of Peru. Another, more southerly, strip of the Peru- vian coast is in the upper right corner. GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38273 175 The large cui-ving embayment near the center of this view of western Peru is the Bahia de Sechura, and the narrow coastal plain around it is called the Desierto de Sechura. The results of irrigation along the rivers that cross it are quite apparent. The shoreline shown extends south from Talara about 375 miles to Chimbote. The Pacific waters off the cape at the far left are famous for big-game fishing; black marlin weighing more than half a ton are caught there. The high Andean chain cuts across the upper part of the photo, and snow can be seen on its peaks. South America's enormous Amazon drainage system begins in the upper left corner. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38291 176 -.->i-'«^»^f^ l-:'^ v,..^, ,'• ^^^ Some parts of the canyon that crosses this picture di- agonally are 2 miles deep. These are the mountains of Peru east of the coastal plain shown in the preceding pic- ture. The Rio Maraiion, which carries water from them to the Amazon, flows through this canyon. Tropical for- ests cover the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Oriental below the scattered cumuliform clouds at the left. Near the right edge, a snow-covered peak of the Cordillera Blanca is quite distinct. This photo includes parts of five northern departments of Peru: Ancash, La Libertad, San Martin, Amazonas, and Cajamarca. This is still a poorly mapped part of the world. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38525 177 This photograph of nearly 250 miles of Peru's coast sug- gests how helpful spacecraft may be to surveyors. In the middle of the shoreline shown, a narrow strip of land connects Ferral Peninsula to the mainland near Chim- bote. The snowline toward the upper left is more than 16 000 feet above the sea. The Continental Divide fol- lows the Cordillera Blanca across the country there. One of the most prominent snow-covered peaks is the 22 505- foot Huascaran volcano. A thin white line can be seen running down its western slope toward the sea. This is the scar left in 1962 by an avalanche that killed several thousand persons in the Rio Santo Valley. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38298 178 Another strip of the coast of Peru, south of the area shown on the preceding page, is at the top of this picture of the Andes as they appeared when photographed from the east. The large dark lake in the center here is Lago de Junin. Cerro de Pasco is to the right of it, at an alti- tude of 17 572 feet. The Cordillera Huayhuash ranges. an important source of minerals, are between the lake and the sea. Snow whitens many of the peaks. The island in the upper right is San Lorenzo. Callao, the port which serves Lima, Peru's capital, is on a small peninsula near that island, over which smoke was floating when this picture was taken. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38300 179 Rivers visible between the cumulus clouds at the bottom of this picture flow nearly 4000 miles to mouths on the Atlantic. The Pacific continental shelf is at the top of the photo. The Peruvian coastline shown extends south- eastward from Bahia de Caballa to Nevada Coropuna. Inland toward the left one can see the great snowfields on Nevada Coropuna, 21 079 feet high, and Nevada Ampato's twin peaks, 20 702 feet high. The clear zone in the sky may have resulted from the upwelling of cold water and divergence in the atmosphere's friction layer. This divergence is produced when a southeast wind blows over the water adjacent to the arid shoreland. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38303 180 Cusco, once the Inca empire's capital, is nearly in the center of this photo of the towering mountains south- east of Lima, Peru. At the left, where the Cordillera Vilcanota rises 22 000 feet, fields of snow form a white cup around the Laguna Sibanacochas. Below that cup, cumulus clouds and blue haze darken the flat tropical rain forests of the Madre de Dios drainage system. Mile-deep canyons abound along the eastern front of the Andes. The clouds at the right in this view follow the mountains' cur\ing ridges. At the very top of the picture, streaked by snow, is Flor del Mundo. Its north- em flank is the source of the Amazon River. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38306 181 This is the world's highest navigable lake: Titicaca is 12 500 feet above the sea, 700 feet deep, and covers 3200 square miles. La Paz, Bolivia's capital, is tucked against the Cordillera Real southeast of it. Peru shares the shores of Titicaca with Bolivia and in the distance you can see the Chilean-Peruvian desert along the Pacific. The land is arid there despite its nearness to the sea and offshore cloudiness. Two salt flats, Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa, are near the left edge of the photo. Many volcanoes in the snowcapped Andes exceed 20 000 feet. The snow at the lower right is on the Cordillera Vilcanota. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38312 182 The bleak, windswept plateau in the lower center of this photo is the Altiplano between Lake Poopo, at the left, and Lake Titicaca, at the right. Lake Poopo is smaller and a few hundred feet lower than Titicaca. West of it enormous salt flats whiten the landscape near- ly as much as do the clouds over the Pacific at the upper right. The warm, dry, upper-level air of the trade winds reaches the high elevations of Bolivia and gives this region a desert or steppe climate. Much of the shoreline here is in Chile. The stratus cloudiness over the Pacific is often a persistent feature of the weather along this part of the coast. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38313 183 The Andean uplift extends along the west coast of South America for 5000 miles. This was the view to the south when the spacecraft crossed it north of Lake Poopo, in the foreground, and the salt fiats shown in two previous pictures. Beyond them are the mountains of southern Bolivia, and the volcanoes, lakes, and salt beds of the Puna de Atacama. The view includes northern parts of both Argentina and Chile. At the left the easterly ranges of the Andes drop to the rolling forested region of the Gran Chaco. At the right near the horizon is a deck of stratus clouds that extends far down the long Pacific coast of Chile. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38315 184 Low stratus clouds extended inland possibly 5 miles and cumuliform clouds covered the Andes 100 miles from the sea when this photo was taken of the mountains around Arequipa, Peru's second largest city. The Rio Majes canyon in the center is a mile deep. The city is in the lower part of this view's center, at an altitude of 7500 feet. Northeast of it, three volcanos, Misti, Chachani, and Ampato rise, respectively, 19 098, 19 931, and 20 702 feet. Snow is found on the high peaks, but Arequipa is famous for its flower gardens. Ruins of a civilization be- lieved to have preceded that of the Incas have been found near it. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54832 185 The setting Sun's rays gave a golden tint to the thick edges of cirrostratus clouds, and the Cordillera de Los Andes threw long shadows eastward, when the astro- nauts obtained this picture of southwestern Brazil, north- ern Argentina, and Chile. Two salt flats and two small lakes, the Laguna Pastos Grandes and the Salina Olaroz, can be distinguished in the foreground when one studies this photo with a map of the area in hand. South Amer- ica's Andean spine includes many of the Western Hemi- sphere's highest peaks. Here, however, the convective towers protruding upward in the clouds are more prom- inent than the mountains for which the area is noted. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63780 186 #^f.i IT • • • -r / • ■ ' ?'• "^^ There were four layers of clouds below the spacecraft the day this picture was taken over equatorial northwest Brazil. When viewed stereoscopically, by using this and an adjacent frame (not reproduced here), each layer is distinct. Two are high-level layers of cirrus, beneath which there is a middle layer of altocumulus, and a lower layer of cumulus. The cumulus-cloud pattern reflects the underlying cool surface of a large river containing islands. It probably is the Rio Negros near Barcelos, a town in the State of Amazonas. The Rio Negros is a broad stream that crosses the Equator to flow southeast into the Amazon River. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46047 187 Brazil's northernmost State, Rio Branco, is in the fore- ground, Venezuela in the left, and Guyana in the right of this photo. The dark, forested areas under cumulus- cloud patterns around the basin in the center are pla- teaus of sandstones and lava flows, resting on the Pre- cambrian granites and gneisses that constitute the cloud- free basin. The rain forest yields valuable wood and wood products, and the crystalline rocks contain much mineral wealth, including gold and diamonds, but the vegetation has hampered exploration. The large looping river in the lower center is the Rio Tacutu, which joins another stream to form the Rio Branco. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46050 188 The Pakarima Mountains are in the lower right here, and Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana meet beneath a heavy cloud patch over Mount Roraima near the center. Beyond Mount Roraima is the Gran Sabana, Venezue- la's portion of the Guyana highlands. Although these high, flat-topped mesas occupy nearly half of Venezuela, less than 3 percent of the people live on them. The com- plex pattern of cumulus clouds here is shaped by the topography and by light winds of a weak pressure gra- dient. Near the coastal region in the upper part of the picture, these clouds trend east-west. There is some cirrus cloudiness in the lower left. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46051 189 This picture overlaps the preceding one and includes the northern coast of South America from Caracas, Ven- ezuela, at the left, to Georgetown, Guyana, at the right. Landward, a narrow coastal plane separates the great Guyana plateau from the sea. The massive delta of the Orinoco River is in the upper center and the mouth of the Essequibo River is at the right. The larger tributaries of the Essequibo River system are remarkably outlined in the cumulus-cloud pattern. Sedimentation has dis- colored the Atlantic waters at the river mouths and along the shore. Scattered over the sea offshore are trade- wind cumuli. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46052 190 This and the next two photos were taken on color in- frared film. They show Brazil's Atlantic coast from the Baia de Sao Marcos, in the upper left here, eastward around the Natal corner and south to Joao Pessoa. Vary- ing tones of red indicate changes in the green vegeta- tion. Dense growth on coastal lowlands deepens the red near the Baia de Sao Marcos. Only a few major streams, draining a small part of Brazil's highlands, feed this bay. From it the land rises gradually to more than 400 feet above sea level at the right edge of the photo. The cloud pattern here consists of cumuli in rows, cumuli congesti, and a few wisps of cirrus. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-64069 191 One can trace rivers in the foreground of this infrared photo of the Brazilian coastHne from Ponta Redonda east nearly to Natal. The city of Fortaleza is under the clouds over the prominent cape in the center. The shore on both sides of it and inland, where there are moun- tains, is tinted by dense vegetation. Lowlands surround the Serra da Uruburetama in the lower center. A sea breeze had kept miles of the sandy beach free from clouds. Near the horizon the clouds are distinct because the intervening atmosphere does not scatter as much light at near-infrared wavelengths as it does at the shorter wavelengths used in most photography. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-64073 192 This photo partly overlaps the preceding one. It shows Brazil's coast as far east as Ponta Jericoacoaroa, the cape at the very top. Pamaiba is several miles inland from the cape in the center, and Camocim is in a small bay above it. The white splashes are quartz sand, carried down from highlands by rivers, strewn by coastal cur- rents, and whipped into dunes by offshore winds. Cumu- lus clouds laced above by cirrus begin inland, beyond the cooling effect of the sea breeze. The terrain's redness shows how heavily it is cloaked by vegetation. The land rises to more than 2500 feet at the upper right, where the Serra da Ibiapaba ends. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 865-64070 193 The strip of Brazil's northeast coast in the foreground here begins near Carutapera and continues to the Ama- zon River's mouth at the right. The many rows of con- vective clouds, ranging from tiny cumuli to towering cumulonimbi, extend far inland. Near the center they part over the long Baia de Marajo by which ships ap- proach Belem. The Ilha de Marajo is to the right, sep- arated from two other islands, Ilha Mexiana and Cavi- ana (at the right edge), by the Canal do Sul, one of the Amazon's main channels. The sea is discolored be- yond them by suspended sediments for distances up to 50 miles. GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38191 194 A late-afternoon Sun penetrated the parallel rows of cumulus clouds in the foreground of this nearly vertical picture enough to expose the large islands in the broad, brown Amazon River's mouth. Alongside the cirrus clouds at the top of the photo, thick smoke from burning forests obscured the view. The Amazon's main channels are Canal do Sul, below center, and Canal do Norte, above it. The great river's mouth is dirtied by the vast quantities of mud and silt that it carries far into the Atlantic currents off Brazil's northern shore. Here the water flows through a low, swampy, thinly populated tidewater area covered by forests. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 365-64001 195 When one looks closely at South America's coast here, one sees four rivers adding silt to the coastal currents off Guyana and Surinam. From the left they are the Cou- rantyne, Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo. Dikes have converted areas slightly below sea level into valuable plantation land along this Atlantic coast. Its sedimentary strata are shales, clays, sands, and lignites, built up largely from the muds brought northward from the Amazon's mouth. Georgetown, Guyana's capital, is at the Demerara's mouth. Convective cloudiness dominates this region throughout the year, and in this photo thunderstorms are also visible inland. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64029 196 "We stole some time from our sleep period to get this picture," Astronaut Michael Collins recalls. "Even from space it appeared as some of the most forbidding jungle territory in the world. This is as close as I ever hope to get to it." The Orinoco River mouth is at the left, and the Essequibo's mouth is near the center of this view. Both rivers were pouring silt and mud into the Atlantic for coastal currents to carry along and build up deposits of shale, clay, and lignites. The morning Sun was heat- ing the land, and complex patterns of cumulus clouds were being built up over it. Broad parts of this coastal land are a few feet below sea level. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46054 197 This photograph of the northern coast of Surinam shows low-level cloud convergences that do not appear on the usual synoptic weather map. The cloud lines are readily associated with the boundaries of turbid water. Seeing the distribution of suspended sediment, and the vari- ations in the resulting turbidity of the water, as one can here, is extremely helpful in oceanographic research. The current shears were parallel to the coast on the day this picture was taken, and tons of sediment brought from the continent's interior by the rivers were being spread far to the west. There is no cool season in the Guyanas. GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46056 198 In this view of Venezuela, cumulus clouds dot the land and cirrus veils the Caribbean Sea. The coastline in- cluded runs from Tocuyo de la Costa, near the center at the top, to Naiguata. Lago de Valencia is in the cloud-free area in the center, and the Rio Tuy is to the right of it. Caracas, the capital, is about halfway be- tween the river and the coast. The Andes in this area are composed of Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic strata. The vast featureless plain at the lower left is the Orinoco basin. A large reservoir on the Rio Guarico is barely discernible there, but the Rio Tuy's tributaries stand out clearly in the lower right of the photo. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63995 199 The bright line of cumulus clouds in the upper center runs downward from Curasao to Aruba. A peninsula of Colombia and the 60-mile-wide entry to the Golfo de Venezuela are under the cirrus clouds in the foreground. At the right, below a narrow strip of land between the Peninsula de Paraguana and the mainland, is the rect- angular Golfete de Coro, darkened by the sediment car- ried seaward by South American streams. Faults be- tween the Andean spurs outline the Golfo de Venezue- la, and a surface deposit of Quaternary alluvium is found on the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds in this fault basin. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63993 200 From over the Caribbean Sea, the camera was pointed southwest toward South America to obtain this picture. The semiarid islands of the Lesser Antilles cross it near the center. From the left they are the Isia Orchila, Islas Los Roques, Has de Aves, Bonaire, Curagao, and Aruba. The Venezuelan shore above them extends from Barce- lona at the left to the country's reddish, northernmost tip, the Peninsula de Paraguana, at the right. This part of the world has been photographed from several space- craft, but clouds usually have obscured the surface. Even here convective and cirriform cloudiness conceals much of the landscape. GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38189 201 i Part IX. Mexico JVIexico is between 14° and 33° north of the Equator and the orbits of the Gemini flights gave the astronauts rnany opportunities to photograph it. The central pla- teau is bounded on the west by the Sierra Madre Occidental, and on the east by the Sierra Madre Oriental. Between these high ranges, other mountains partition the land into a maze bedecked by volcanoes, lakes, and deserts. These photos show the land through which the Spaniards advanced into the southwestern part of the United States. The Gemini astronauts approached it from the Pacific rather than from the Atlantic and often crossed Baja California, which extends down the western coast of North America for 800 miles, before they soared over the mainland. Joseph Wood Krutch has called Baja California "the forgotten peninsula" for reasons quite apparent in these photos. Below the long Gulf of California, the continent curves east around the Gulf of Mexico. The Yucatan Peninsula extends to the north from this part of Mexico nearly to Cuba's western tip. When one recalls the known history of this land, and the civilizations that flourished there before the Spaniards arrived, the pictures in this section become especially fascinating. Some of the views here extend northward into the United States for many miles. 203 X This and the next few photos, taken from spacecraft as they approached Mexico, show how greatly its appear- ance varied on different occasions. The thick, high, cir- rostratus cloud here concealed all but a few bits of Baja California, at the left and toward the lower right corner. A number of thunderstorms formed this great circular body. Several convective cells appeared to have gained sufficient momentum to penetrate its thick layer, and the rippled surface of the cirrostratus suggests that di- verging updraf ts from other convective cells have reached their maximum stage of development and begun to dissipate. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-63834 204 On one occasion the camera recorded bands of cirrus clouds that extended for 300 miles in southwesterly winds between the mountains in Sonora and Baja Cali- fornia. This photo includes the Pinacate volcanic field at the left, on the border between the United States and Mexico. Baja California has changed less than most parts of the New World since the Spanish built missions there in the 17th century. Here the birds and other na- tive creatures have gone their way virtually undisturbed. So, too, have many of this peninsula's distinctive plants. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63015 205 This picture, taken on the next revolution after the one on which the previous photo was taken, shows some of Baja California and the North American mainland under different lighting. Dark patches in the Sun glitter on the Pacific are regions of smooth water. Patches of stratocumulus clouds are near the top of the photo. Clouds such as that long, conspicuous band of cirrus that arcs along the right side of the picture usually indi- cate the existence of a subtropical Jetstream nearby. The Jetstream winds are encountered in this region when an upper air trough is located over the eastern Pacific Ocean. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63054 206 From over the Pacific, you are looking southeast now at Baja California. In the foreground long fingers of cirrus reach toward Punta Eugenia. The large oval at the left is Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, and the lagoon is Ojo de Liebre, where gray whales breed. The dry air evaporates sea water to form white salt flats south of this lagoon. The mountains in the center of the cape are underlain by Cretaceous metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rock. This part of North America's shore is characterized by abundant Tertiary and Quaternary vulcanism. Beyond the Gulf of California, which ex- tends across the upper half of the photo, is Sonora. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 865-63822 207 Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan took this maplike picture of the Pacific coast of Mexico alongside Gemini IX's nose while the hatch was open. The Sierra Madre Occi- dental extends along the left shore of the Gulf of Cali- fornia in the center. The Sierra La Giganta is in the foreground, and the southern end of Baja California is spread before you at the right. The State capital, La Paz, is at the far end of the large bay in the narrow neck near the long peninsula's tip. The irregular dark topography is typical of a surface underlain mainly by igneous and metamorphic rock. The clouds on the horizon are south of the Tropic of Cancer. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38070 208 The spacecraft's nose was pointed at the central part of Baja Cahfornia when this photo was taken. Angel de La Guarda Island in the Gulf of California was visible at the lower left below the cloud system over the gulf. Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino is in the upper center of this view and beyond it to the south are Punta Abreojos, Laguna San Ignacio, and Bahia Ballenas. The current in the Pacific was sweeping strongly from north to south and relatively cool. Punta Abreojos projected into the main stream of this current, and caused the series of turbulent eddies visible in the slick pattern of the Sun's reflection in the upper center of the picture. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63044 209 V',Ks ^. ; ', : mi. p ■ ■^\ ^ 1 ^ \ 34,^1^.. •■■■■■, P^V-'il ^ ^ i^'^ vJ^ ^9Fv ^SMiH ^^■^^^^^^^^ -£!f •^."^ V X'. ! •■,'1- • . • Cabo Corrientes is above Gemini XI Fs nose in this open- hatch photo, taken by Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., south of Baja California. At the left are dark, dissected ranges of the Sierra Madre Occidental, an extensive plateau of Tertiary volcanics. Beyond the cape, around Lago de Chapala, is the Neo- Volcanic plateau, a band of Tertiary, Quaternary, and Recent volcanics that ex- tends eastward to the Gulf of Mexico. To the south is the Sierra Madre del Sur, a complex mountainous area of older rocks. A spiral is visible in the cumulus-cloud streets near the cape where the coastal configuration induced an eddv in the northerly airflow. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62883 210 The Gulf of Tehuantepec is in the right foreground now. It is about 1000 miles south at the same longitude as Houston. The Y-shaped reservoir is near the Pacific Coastal Plain of Mexico. From it the Rio Tehuantepec flows past the city of Tehuantepec. At Laguna Superior, you see a long sand bar. Laguna Inferior is farther right. The Sierra Madre del Sur's southern and east- ern edges are in the upper left of this photo. The Gulf Coastal Plain begins below the cellular strato- cumulus clouds in the upper right corner. The Sierra Travesada, marking the edge of the Chiapas-Guate- mala Uplands, begins just above the lagoons. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63760 211 Mexico City is a white patch distinct from the cirrus clouds at the top here. You are looking north and the city of Puebla is in the broad valley toward the upper right. The Neo-Volcanic Plateau in the top half of the photo averages 8000 feet in height. Three volcanic cones — Serro Tlaloc, Iztaccihuatl, and Popocatepetl — extend south from the top center. The latter rises 17 887 feet. In the foreground is part of the Sierra Madre del Sur system. This complex area of Paleozoic metasediments has fewer volcanoes, but pyroclastics cover large areas. The rivers that drain this lower region flow into the Pacific. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63757 212 The mountains here are east of those in the preceding picture and the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz is in the upper right. An upland of the Madre del Sur sys- tem is at the lower left, and the Valle de Oaxaca, bor- dered by sharply dissected rims on the north and east, is in the fores;round. The snow-covered volcano in the upper center is Citlaltepec, 18 701 feet high. Strato- cumulus clouds were pushed toward it from the gulf. Through the largest gap in them, Miguel Aleman, a large reservoir, is visible. Radiosonde data at Veracruz showed that the cloud tops were about 3500 feet high when the photo was taken. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63758 213 This view to the southeast over Mexico extends to the Yucatan Peninsula. Mexico City is just north of a for- ested region from which smoke is rising near the center. The large brown lake in the foreground is Lago de Cuit- zeo. The dark spots are areas of volcanic rock. This plateau's thousands of volcanoes are mostly Quaternary and Tertiat7. Rocks that span the geologic column from Precambrian to Quaternary' time are found in the Madre del Sur Mountains at the right. The rows of cumuli in the foreground are in a light easterly wind. The clouds over Mexico's eastern coast and Central America in the distance are mostly cumuliform. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62887 214 The tiny, cloud-free area above the spacecraft's open hatch in this view of southern Mexico is a basin near Puebla. Cumulus clouds have formed lines with the wind at many places, and high cirriform clouds are scattered over the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula at the upper left. The indentation in the clouds on Yuca- tan's north shore is west of Laguna de Terminos. Sur- face temperatures are likely to be lower in the marshy land there. Mexico's part of the Yucatan Peninsula is mostly a coastal plain, but south of it in Guatemala there are many complex mountains, bordered by older ranges near the Pacific. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66H52891 215 ''^y-^isttf^ The eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula is in the foreground of this photo. Trade-wind cumuli lie beneath a higher stratiform cloud layer. Bahia de la Ascension on the Caribbean Sea at the lower left is in Quintana Roc, Mexico, and Ambergris Cay, at the right edge, is in British Honduras. Offshore there are numerous cays and reefs, amidst which Banco Chinchorro stands out near the center. Around Bahia de Chetumal at the lower right, the land is low, flat, and swampy. Dense vegetation obscures its topography. This part of Cen- tral America is still emerging geologically and is com- posed mostly of Tertiary limestones. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 10, 1965 S65-63741 216 f^^^m ^^y^^^k^ *-^*4^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H ^ m ■ ^ ""■' "^ ■ - " A-". ^Kl^ _~SVJM B^l^^^a^^^i: ^ - .^ ^^^^^^9k ^ ''^^^^^■1 ^^*^^' M II ^^^ --^s*^P*^^^. . »i^fc«»._^2^h^^^J^^B^ ifc^ ,^ '■•^^ ^^x .^m^ j^^HiL^ ^^1 wm ■ c I^^^Hj^^^^^H^^^^^^^^H ^^^^^HHHJI^^^^^^^^^^^^H ^^^^^^^^^^^H HHI pp P^^ ^1^^^*^ lip^^^ All three shores of the Yucatan Peninsula can be seen at the left in this northwesterly view from over the Carib- bean. This is where Spanish explorers found the rem- nants of the Mayan civilization. Western Cuba pro- jects from the foreground into the center of this picture. White towers of cumuli reached upward into the moist atmosphere over the Gulf of Mexico the day this photo was taken, and small cumuli dotted Yucatan except where cumulonimbi had developed at its eastern end. Cirrus cloudiness generated by thunderstorms is pre- valent in the Caribbean region in the lower left quadrant of the photo. GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45688 217 Now the view is to the north through central Mexico. The Sierra Madre Occidental is in the lower left and the Sierra Madre Oriental's dark ridges cross this photo above its center. Composed of folded Cretaceous sedi- ments, these mountains form a long chain from the Big Bend country to the Neo-Volcanic plateau. Left of the center, the light-colored, sandy Bolson de Coahuila separates the mountainous Coahuila upland and the westward swing of the cross ranges. Several layers of cumuliform and cirrifomi clouds are along Mexico's east coast. The cloud deck near the horizon is connected with a cold front movins; south from Texas. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62889 218 North of Mexico City, the Mexican plateau is actually a basin surrounded by higher terrain. This picture of it was obtained with the camera pointed northeast, and includes parts of four States: Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Guanajuato. This is a hilly area, composed mostly of dissected volcanics, and the drainage is into shallow lakes. These are usually salty and some- times dry. The top of this photo is blurred because of a residue on the window of Gemini VII, but a few widely scattered cumulus clouds and some cirrus can be seen. The dark patch at lower left is an area of volcanic rock. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63814 219 Small cumulus clouds hung like a tiny crown atop the Sierra de la Palma, in the upper center, to adorn this photo of the mainland's eastern mountains. The Sierra de la Palma is a roughly triangular, isolated mass of uplifted Cretaceous rocks at the eastern end of Antefosa de Parras in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Erosion of folded sedimentaiy rocks formed the zigzag pattern to the right of this peak; these folds plunge eastward so that the uplift is essentially across the direction of the main folds. When Heman Cortes was asked for a relief map of Mexico after his conquest of it, he simply crumpled a piece of parchment. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 365-63888 220 The stratocumulus cloud deck with cells and billows shown here stretched across eastern Mexico. The high ranges in the foreground are south of Monterrey. These intensely folded Cretaceous sedimentary rocks mark both the front of the Sierra Madre Oriental and a bend in the mountain range. No one knows why the range bends about 60° toward the west here, but some geologists suspect that a major wrench fault going through the Antefosa de Parras dragged the mountains around in this way. The city of Saltillo is in the valley just above the nose of the spacecraft, and parts of two States, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, are visible. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63889 221 The waters off Tamaulipas, south of Brownsville, Tex., are usually clear, but the high surf the day this photo was taken stirred sediment into suspension, and tidal movements caused the swirls you see in the sediment pattern. The coastal strip shown extends south for 150 miles from Boca de Sandoval to the Tropic of Cancer. Behind the offshore bar is Laguna Madre. At the low- er left the Rio Purificacion meanders out of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and across the narrow plain to the gulf. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63810 222 j,!-^*vAyv - For this picture the camera was pointed east over the Sierra Madre Oriental toward the Gulf of Mexico. Some of the interior highland can be seen in the foreground. Those long dark ridges, visible despite the cirrus-cloud cover, are in the vicinity of Monterrey. The largest de- flection in the trend of the Sierra Madre Oriental is found there. In the background, heavy, moist air from the gulf veils the view. The high mountains along the coast barricade the interior land from such humid air. GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 366-37907 223 The Sierra Madre Occidental is in the lower left corner of this view and the city of Chihuahua is just below a featherlike cirrus cloud in the upper left center. Rows of cumuli at the right are over a part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. This is an area of relatively low relief but high elevation. Mountain ranges are widely spaced here and intennontane basins are filled with Quaternary alluvium. The Rio Grande flows through the region at the upper right. North of it is El Solitario, a 3-mile-wide dome over a laccolith that brings lower Paleozoic and Cretaceous sediments to the surface along with Tertiary rocks. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63055 224 'Vt;'J**^_ This view of northeastern Mexico extends into Texas. The mouth of the Rio Grande is in the upper right, and Nuevo Leon and Coahuila are in the foreground. The color reveals these States' deserthke climate. The cloud lines over the coastal lowlands show that the airflow in the lower troposphere is from the east. The leeward, western slopes of some ranges of the Sierra Madre Ori- ental are free of clouds. Notice, too, how the cloud lines confomi to the curvature of the ranges near Monterrey at the right. The immense folded mountain chain in the foreground runs southeast from Chihuahua nearly to the gulf. GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S'j6-45762 225 The horizon here is more than 1000 miles away. Part of Chihuahua, Mexico, is in the foreground. The Sierra Madre Occidental is at the left and the Sierra Madre Oriental is at the right. The view is directly north up the Rio Grande valley and includes most of the southern Rockv Mountains. Eastern Arizona is on the horizon at the far left, and central Oklahoma and Kansas at the right. Near the center of the picture, the white patch to the right of the Rio Grande is the White Sands Na- tional Monument. North of it is the distinct, black, rib- bonlike shape of the Malpais, a recent lav'a flow north of Alamogordo, N. Mex. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 866-63018 226 Part X. The United States OOME parts of the United States were shown in pictures that precede this group. Since the girdle that the Gemini program threw around the world did not extend as far north as south of Cape Kennedy, the photographs that follow are predominant- ly views of the southern coast of the United States around the Gulf of Mexico. This is not a "forgotten" area such as Baja California. Nor is it a barren land. It differs markedly from many of the regions shown previously. This is a region in which people have been quick to develop the resources available to them, and parts of it are now highly industrialized. Even so, when seen from space its beauty still rivals that of many undeveloped regions. By enabling us to see the scheme of things entire, space photography can help men both exploit an undeveloped region's natural resources and monitor the skies, seashores, and forests to prevent pollution and degradation of them. This was the astronauts' homeland and they photographed the city of Houston many times. Along the gulf shore they used infrared along with other color film to obtain more information than one can with the naked eye. Above Florida's east coast they saw their starting point again, and sped east again and again to see more of the world. "We have achieved the ability to see and contemplate ourselves from afar," Dr. Floyd L. Thompson wrote shortly before he retired as Director of the Langley Research Center, "and thus in a measure to accomplish the wish expressed by Robert Burns : 'To see oursels as ithers see us.' " 227 North America's Pacific coast, from Los Angeles, near the left edge, to Baja California is slightly above the stratocumulus clouds in the foreground. San Diego is nearly in the center. The massive mountain range at the extreme left is the south end of the Sierra Nevada. Above Los Angeles is the large, bare Mojave Desert. The San Andreas fault runs southeast from it between mountain ranges to the Salton Sea, right of center. The clouds on the horizon hide most of the Colorado Plateau. In the clouds at the lower right, the photo shows a re- markable set of waves, probably induced by irregularity in the terrain alonsr the coast. GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45658 228 A wide-angle lens used during extravehicular activity produced this colorful view of the United States from the Gulf of California, at lower right, to the Colorado Pla- teau. The Salton Sea is above the red dot on the space- craft. Farms outline California's Imperial Valley and the Colorado River's delta in northern Mexico. This part of the Great Basin shows typical basin-and-range topography. The distant clouds were scattered over Cali- fornia and western Arizona. The dark elliptical area above the gulf is the Pinacate volcanic field, and the light smoke plume above it was rising from the forested region northeast of Phoeniz, Ariz. GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38068 229 Corpus Christi Bay is at the top and Mexico's Laguna Madre at the bottom of this nearly vertical view of the Rio Grande's deltaic plain. The international boundary is in the lower half of the photo. The long curving beach is Padre Island. It is typical of barriers that rim the Gulf of Mexico on the west, and has been studied as a pos- sible clue to the formation of oil traps. The Intracoastal Waterway can be seen in the shallow Laguna Madre and a belt of grassland begins inland from the sand bars. Cumuli had formed inland while a cool sea breeze re- stricted cloud development along the coast. GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-45764 230 San Antonio is in the light area left of the center. Austin is above and to the right of it on the Texas Colorado River. The cities are along the fault-controlled Balcones Escarpment that is the east edge of the Edwards Plateau. Differences in the shale and sand content of the Tertiary units cause variations in soil color, topographic expres- sion, and vegetation. In the upper left, the Llano Uplift brings a complex dome of Precambrian rocks to the sur- face. Lower Paleozoic carbonates and sandstone sur- round it. The stratocumulus clouds at the right are on the north side of a cold front. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63428 231 Austin is now above Gemini XII's nose and San Antonio is in the lower center. Near Austin one can see Buch- anan, Lyndon B. Johnson, Travis, and Canyon Lakes. The curving Balcones Escarpment is above these cities, and cuestas on the coastal plain are visible from north of San Antonio to the vicinity of Waco. In the upper left, the Red River flood plain crosses dense pine forests of Louisiana. The Mississippi River's mouth is between the stratocumulus and cirrus clouds near the horizon. Suspended alluvial sediments show the currents off the Texas shore in the Gulf of Mexico between the Missis- sippi and Aransas Pass at the right. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 196(> S66-63024 232 Taken only seconds after the previous photo, this one has Houston's metropolitan area in the center. The Bal- cones Escarpment is now just above the spacecraft nose. The Houston ship channel and spoil banks in Galveston Bay can be seen at the right, where the ancient Pleis- tocene shoreline stands out as the present northwest shore of Matagorda and Espirito Santo Bays. Matagorda, Galveston, and other islands are raised offshore bars. Such bars extend along the Texas coast eastward to Sabine Pass. Northerly winds along the Louisiana coast were carrying smoke plumes toward the stratocumulus- cloud field over the Gulf of Mexico. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER U, 1966 S66-63025 233 This picture overlaps the two photos that have preceded it in this volume, and shows the dense pine forest in east Texas that is known as "The Big Thicket" more clearly. The Sam Raybum Reservoir can be seen in that thicket. Along the shore, suspended Sediments can be traced as they are carried out into the Gulf of Mexico. Note especially the upper part of this photo, where wavy patterns in the clouds are quite distinct, and smoke from fires near oil and gas wells in the Vermillion Bay area is being blown out over the gulf. The next picture in this sequence was taken about 90 minutes later and shows interesting changes in the sky. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 866-63031 234 After circling the Earth, the Gemini astronauts took this picture of the same area shown in the preceding one. The patch of stratiform clouds over Louisiana, in the upper part of the photo, had shrunk in size, and some dissipation of the stratocumulus clouds over the water along the coast had occurred. Smoke from the shoreline still drifted southward, and sediment patterns still discolored the water. The Red River Valley cuts a swath across the dark forest lands in the left center. North of the Red River are ridges of the Ouachita and Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63062 235 Here is the city of Houston as seen from an altitude of about 175 miles. The city is directly below "The Big Thicket" in this photo. The big Harris County domed stadium in the southwest part of the city is only a white dot. The dark-blue line across Galveston Bay is the Hous- ton ship channel. Turbid waters extend into the Gulf of Mexico from several outlets. A marsh fire sent up the stream of smoke in the upper right. NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center is 20 miles southeast of Houston. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63034 236 From east of Galveston Bay, Astronaut James A. Lovell, Jr., looked back to photograph it again. To the right is the Beaumont-Port Arthur and Lake Charles industrial complex. The coastal sky was clear from Vermillion Bay to Baffin Bay, and the Intracoastal Waterway can be traced from Orange on the Sabine River east to Grand Lake in this photo. A cold front had crossed the coast 2 days earlier and the winds still were from the north- east. They were thrusting water into the gulf from the lagoons and estuaries. An interference eddy had formed west of the Galveston jetties, and frictional eddies were visible farther seaward. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63035 237 This southwesterly view of the gulf coast includes many of the same features as the preceding pictures, but ex- tends from Marsh Island in the foreground to south of Brownsville. The cell-like patterns in the stratocumulus clouds over the gulf appear when water warms the lower part of the atmosphere. Drizzle was reported in north- eastern Mexico from the clouds near the top center here. Below them one can see the Balcones Escarpment. Some of the world's most important shrimp fisheries are in the coastal waters shown, and photos such as this can be used to improve predictions of currents that affect shrimp migration paths and rates. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63038 238 Here one sees again some of the same area shown in pictures that have preceded this one. Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi are now above the vehicle's nose, and the rivers flowing into the gulf and the ship channel from Aransas Pass are distinctly shown. Small cumulus clouds dot the area of the mouth and valley of the Rio Grande, and the cumuli ranging inland can be seen to have in- creased somewhat since the photo that immediately preceded this one was taken, about 90 minutes earlier. From an orbiting spacecraft, a given area can be ob- served repeatedly at regular intervals, as well as seen from a variety of angles helpful to students. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63060 239 The gulf coast from Port Arthur, Tex., at the lower left, to Florida, on the horizon, is shown here. From Vicks- burg. Miss., near the upper left edge, to the Gulf, the Mississippi River is visible. Between the altostratus clouds in the foreground and rows of cumulus over Louisiana and Mississippi, you see Atchafalaya Bay and the con- tinental shelf offshore that has been tapped for oil. An anticyclone was centered over North Carolina and an upper air trough was over the Mississippi Valley the day of this photo. West of the river, the winds at an altitude of 18 000 feet were from the northwest; east of it, they were from the southwest. GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1965 S66-37909 240 The "bird's foot" in the lower center here is the Mis- sissippi River deha. Lake Pontchartrain is left of it. Rows of cumulus clouds obscure New Orleans and much of southern Mississippi. The long embayment is Mobile Bay, and the Florida peninsula is near the horizon. Off- shore bars from Gulfport, Miss., to Apalachicola, Fla., are prominent depositional features. The Mississippi pours great quantities of fine sediment into the gulf. Changes in the color of sediment-laden water off the delta show that the longshore currents were westerly, and light spots reveal the wakes formed around offshore drilling rigs. GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 S66-379I0 241 Thunderstorms were imbedded in the cloudiness over northern Texas at the upper left in this photo ahead of a cold front advancing southward. The gulf south of Louisiana reflected early-morning sunlight. The con- trail from a jetliner near Shreveport left a thin line near the center, and ground fog in valleys of eastern Louisi- ana and Mississippi produced other bright, irregular lines. A line of cumulus clouds lay parallel to the shore, and smoke plumes showed that winds north of it were northerly. This picture shows how vividly pollution can be seen in photos taken from high altitudes. GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54560 242 Color infrared film was used for this and the next photo, and coastal sands brighten the shoreline. Pensacola is at the lower left here, Birmingham near the top, the Chat- tahoochee River in the upper right, and St. Andrew's Bay in the lower right. Tyndall Air Force Base is a light rectangle on the peninsula below the bay. A residue on the spacecraft window degraded this photo's center. Light bands in the upper left are Upper Cretaceous coastal plain clastic sediments overlapping the edge of the Appalachians north of Selma and Montgomery. Sinkholes north of St. Andrew's Bay mark the location of Miocene and Pliocene limestones. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-64052 243 Those long blue plumes in this infrared photo are the smoke from forest fires southwest of Tallahassee, Fla. They are drifting over the Gulf of Mexico. The hook- shaped sand bar in the foreground encloses St. Joseph Bay. Panama City is to the left. From Lake Seminole in the upper left, the Apalachicola River flows south to the bay above the hook. The long blue line to the right of the reservoir is Lake Talquin and you can see the Talla- hassee airport runways near its upper end. The vegeta- tion on the swampy tidal flats is reddish in this picture and a narrow band of gray marks the extent of this coastal land. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-64053 244 Cumuliform clouds frame Florida's tip and 150 miles of the keys off it in this picture. The Dry Tortugas are at the far left, Key West near the center, and Key Largo near the top. Sediment-laden water is streaming across the bays and a turbid tongue is visible in the channel that separates the Dry Tortugas from the calcareous platform of the Florida and Marquesas Keys. Islands dot the reef between the Marquesas and Key West. South- east of Key Largo, part of the long, submerged coral reef has been reserved as an underwater park. Sediments form- ed the southern edge of the mainland, and there is a band of mangrove swamps between it and the Everglades. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64024 245 The day the astronauts took this and the next four pic- tures, cumulus clouds covered the southern half of Flo- rida in an organized manner and a cold front was along the U.S. Atlantic coast on the horizon here. There were openings in the cumulus over Lake Okeechobee, Tampa Bay, and Charlotte Harbor, because such clouds usually forni over land. Tampa was reporting southwest winds at 10 knots and Miami had southeast winds at 5 knots. A long, narrow band of cirrus clouds near the Jetstream lay over the frontal zone in the distance. The space- craft was docked with its Agena target vehicle and approaching Florida from the west. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62897 246 Strong surface winds were creating turbulence in the shallow waters ofT southwest Florida as the spacecraft neared the peninsula and the astronauts recorded the view eastward toward the Little Bahama Bank. Tampa Bay is at the left and the Florida Keys are in the lower right. The turbulence was bringing fine, white, calcar- eous muds into suspension, and muddy water from the coast spread across the western Florida shelf. Layers of stratocumulus covered Cape Kennedy on the eastern coast, and a cloud line bordering the edge of the Gulf Stream extended northeast over the Atlantic. Such a cloud line is frequently seen in this area. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1%6 S66-62900 247 In this photo the puffy cumuliform clouds to which the spacecraft door points are over southern Florida, and the clouds to the left overlay the Gulf Stream. There the northern portion of the Great Bahama Bank and the Little Bahama Bank off the east coast of Florida are clearly defined. This and the next photo are especially interesting to the marine geologist and the cartographer because of the clarity with which they show the relation- ship of shallow calcareous sandbars in the Bahama Banks. Andros Island is in the upper center here. Bimini Island is on the near edge of a light-blue area below Andros Island, and other islands are left of it. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62903 248 This and the next picture are additional views of the cold-front cloudiness along the eastern coast of the United States that was first photographed while Gemini XII was over the Gulf of Mexico. The hatch was open and Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., was engaged in ex- travehicular activity when this one was taken. Florida's Atlantic coast from Cape Kennedy to Fort Pierce is vis- ible. So, too, at the right edge is the northeast part of the Little Bahama Bank. Offshore the line of cumulus is near the Gulf Stream. In the frontal zone the low-level cumulus streets are parallel to the winds. Note how a ropelike band of cirrus follows the cold front. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62905 249 The astronauts had crossed Florida and were out over the Atlantic again when they looked northward at the southeastern coast of the United States and photo- graphed the cold front there again. This front was a boundai-y region between the cool, dry air near the left horizon and the warm, moist air located to the right of the large cloudy zone. Stratiform and cumuliform clouds in layers are likely to produce rain showers in the neigh- borhood of such a front. The Gemini flights ended in 1966, but weather satellites have continued to assist meteorologists studying the global movements of clouds such as these. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62911 250 Many details of the Atlantic coast of northern Florida and southern Georgia can be seen and related in the left half of this photo. The broad, dark, sinuous line starting at the lower left and continuing northward is the St. John River, which turns toward the sea at Jacksonville. Above this prominent stream is the St. Marys, the boundary between the two States. Below the mouth of the St. John is the inlet to St. Augustine. Many small lakes are clearly visible inland just above the nose of the spacecraft. Photographs such as this can help students understand the patterns of land use, highways, and the water resources available to the increasing population. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63824 251 This picture, taken with a Zeiss Sonnar 250-mm lens from an altitude of 140 miles, shows about 55 miles of the Atlantic coast of Florida, from Flagler Beach south to Allenhurst. The Intracoastal Waterway can be traced in it by small white dots. They are spoil heaps left by its dredgers. The break in the barrier beach, in the center of the picture, is Ponce de Leon inlet. The city of Day- tona Beach is on the mainland to the left of it, and New Smyrna Beach is at the right. Thin cirrus clouds make parts of this photo look foggy, but highways, lakes, and other features familiar to Floridians are conspicuous. GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63808 252 Cape Kennedy is on the tip of land slightly above the center here. The Florida Keys are a thin curving line at the lower left ; Lake Okeechobee is below an oblong hole in fine clouds. The light bands in the center of the State apparently follow outcrops of Bone Valley and Alachua formations. They are Pliocene alluvial formations. Hues are similar to the west where Miocene Tampa limestone is found. A weak cold front extended across Florida when this photo was taken. Cumulus clouds hung be- tween it and the Great Bahama Bank at the right, and were photographed again from the same spacecraft about 90 minutes later. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63013 253 When this picture was taken, on the next revolution after the preceding photo, cumulus clouds had begun to form rows over Cape Kennedy in a northwesterly wind. Offshore the cumulus in a diagonal line through the center of this view had grown. Open cellular pat- terns persisted in the cloud field seaward of that line. and tufts of cirrus crossed Florida's eastern coast north of Cape Kennedy. The bands of stratocumulus in the upper left were in the cooler air behind the cold front that lay across the peninsula's southern tip. Cape Ken- nedy was the starting point of the Gemini flights but not the terminus. GEMINI .\1I NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63040 254 It was late afternoon when this photo was taken, about 90 minutes after the preceding one, and the spacecraft was again near its starting point but proceeding around the world again. The Florida Keys are visible in the lower center. The wide zone of cumuliform clouds pass- ing diagonally through this picture marked the location of the weak cold front that had been photographed during the two preceding revolutions. It was moving off the mainland. The Gemini astronauts obtained many more photos of the Earth than it was possible to include in this volume. All of them are now available for scientific use. GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63063 255 APPENDIX A The Gemini Flight Crews i. HE photography presented in this volume and its companion volume, Earth Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V, was made possible by the men who flew the spacecraft. These men were not professional photographers, but they were professional observers, recorders, and interpreters of scientific phenomena, as well as human beings appreciative of natural beauty. Thus, these photographs represent a combination of scientific and esthetic interests. Each of the flight crews was selected for a particular mission several months before the flight and underwent rigorous specific-mission training during the period between selection and launch. The training included not only instruction and practice in the use of the cameras and film but also briefings on the scientific background and purpose of the photo- graphic experiments planned for that particular flight, in addition to the engineer- ing and pilot training required for the mission. The photographic coverage obtained on each flight was determined by a com- bination of flight objectives and flight duration, and, to a large- degree, by the weather conditions and cloud coverage. On nearly all of the flights, excellent coverage was obtained of various desert areas. Only once or twice, however, was the weather suitable for photography of the surface of some areas such as the Texas gulf coast region. Nearly all of the flights were at altitudes ranging from 100 to 200 statute miles. The exceptions were those of Gemini X and XI, during which excursions were made to 475 and 850 miles (741.5 nautical miles), respectively, using the Agena propulsion system. The higher altitudes reached pemiitted increased coverage of some areas; and the views obtained of India and Ceylon, in particular, were among the most startling examples of photography that I have seen. The photography obtained in the Gemini program will stand as a lasting tribute to the flight crews' abilities and interest. The names of these men and the duration of their flights were : Gemini III: Maj. Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom, USAF, and Lt. Comdr. John VV. Young, USN; 3 revolutions; 4 hours 53 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 140 miles. Gemini IV: Maj. James A. (Jim) McDivitt, USAF, and Maj. Edward H. (Ed) White II, USAF; 62 revolutions; 97 hours 56 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 175 miles. Gemini V: Lt. Col. L. Gordon (Gordo) Cooper, Jr., USAF, and Lt. Comdr. Charles (Pete) Conrad, Jr., USN; 120 revolutions; 190 hours 56 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 217 miles. Gemini VII: Lt. Col. Frank Borman, USAF, and Comdr. James A. (Jim) Lovell, Jr., USN; 206 revolutions; 330 hours 35 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 204 miles. 257 Virgil I. Grissom GEMINI III John W. Young GEMINI IV Edward H. White II James A. McDivitt GEMINI VI Thomas P. Stafford Walter M. Schirra , Jr. 258 GEMINI VII James A. Lovell Frank Borman Nell A. Armstrong GEMINI VIII David R. Scott GEMINI IX Thomas P. Stafford Eugene Cernan John W. Young GEMINI X Michael Collins GEMINI XI Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Charles Conrad, Jr. GEMINI XII Edward E. Aldrin, Jr. James A. Lovell 259 Gemini VI: Capt. Walter M. (Wally) Schirra, Jr., USN, and Maj. Thomas P. (Tom) Stafford, USAF; 16 revolutions; 25 hours 51 minutes. Orbit approxi- mately 100 miles by 161 miles. Gemini VIII: Neil A. Armstrong and Maj. David R. (Dave) Scott, USAF; 7 revolutions; 10 hours 42 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 169 miles. Gemini IX: Lt. Col. Thomas P. (Tom) Stafford, USAF, and Lt. Comdr. Eugene A. (Gene) Cernan, USN; 45 revolutions; 72 hours 21 minutes. Orbit approximately 99 miles by 166 miles. Gemini X: Comdr. John W. Young, USN, and Maj. Michael (Mike) Collins, USAF; 44 revolutions: 70 hours 46 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 167 miles, with one excursion to 475 miles. Gemini XI: Comdr. Charles (Pete) Conrad, Jr., USN, and Lt. Comdr. Richard F. (Dick) Gordon, Jr., USN; 44 revolutions; 71 hours 17 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 177 miles, with two excursions to 850 miles. Gemini XII: Capt. James A. (Jim) Lovell, Jr., USN, and Maj. Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin, Jr., USAF; 59 revolutions; 94 hours 34 minutes. Orbit approxi- mately 100 miles by 175 miles. Robert E. Gilruth, Director, Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA 260 APPENDIX B Listings printed in italics appear in this volume. Identifications marked with an asterisk (*) are partially degraded. Photos marked with two asterisks ( * *) are sufficiently degraded to be considered useless, or nearly so. GEMINI VI MAGAZINE A NASA/MSC Frame Color No. B&W No. Revolution n Date 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec. 15, 1965 5 Dec 15, 1965 5 Dec 15 1965 5 Dec 15 1965 5 Dec 15 1965 GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 S65-63163 S65-63164 S65-63165 S65-63166 S65-63167 S65-63168 S65-63169 S65-63170 S65-63171 S65HS3172 S65-63173 S65-63174 S65-63175 S65-63176 S65-63177 S65-63178 S65-63179 S65-63180 S65-63181 S65-63182 S65-63183 S65-63184 S65-63185 S65-63544 S65-63545 S65-63546 S65-63547 S65-63548 S65-63549 S65-63550 S65-63551 S65-63552 S65-63553 S65-63554 S65-63555 S65-63556 S65-63557 S65-63558 S65-63559 S65-63560 S65-63561 S65-63562 S65-63563 S65-63564 S65-63565 S65-63566 21:26 163 Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, pilot side, nose down, range 48 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 43 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 37 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 36 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 43 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 45 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 55 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 45 ft. Rendejivous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 53 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 62 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward camera, range 63 ft. Earth limb, clouds over ocean. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 52 ft; clouds. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 58 ft; clouds. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 68 ft; clouds. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter section toward camera, range 87 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter section toward camera, range 110 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter section toward camera, range 120 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter section toward camera, range 120 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter section toward camera, range 1 50 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 210 ft; sky background. 261 MAGAZINE A Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 24 S65-63186 S65-63187 S65-63188 S65-63189 S65-63190 S65-63191 S65-63192 S65-63193 S65-63194 S65-63195 S65-63196 S65-63197 S65-63198 S65-63199 S65-63200 S65-63201 S65-63202 S65-63203 S65-63204 S65-63205 S65-63206 S65-63207 S65-63208 S65-63209 S65-63210 S65-63211 S65-63567 S65-63568 S65-63569 S65-63570 S65-63571 S65-63572 S65-63573 S65-63574 S65-63575 S65-63576 S65-63577 S65-63578 S65-63579 S65-63580 S65-63581 S65-63582 S65-63583 S65-63584 S65-63585 S65-63586 S65-63587 S65-63588 S65-63589 S65-63590 S65-63591 S65-63592 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Rendezvous vifith Gemini VII, side view, range 220 ft; sky background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, rzmge 275 ft; sky background. Rendezi'ous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view, range 50 Jl. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view, range 35 ft; perfect stereo with No. 28. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view, range 35 ft; perfect stereo with No. 27. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view, range 33 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, nose 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 hidden by Gemini VI nose, range 24 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, part of adapter hidden by nose of Gemini VI, range 22 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, part of adapter hidden by nose of Gemini VI, range 35 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view turning nose away from camera, range 38 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning nose away from camera, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, dark shadows on adapter section, range 42 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter section in deep shadow, range 47 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter side, range 25 ft; Sun in lens, ruins picture quality. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 30 ft; Sun in lens, ruins picture quality. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 65 ft; .Sun in lens, ruins picture quality. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side-view adapter section, range 30 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side-view adapter section, range 32 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, turning adapter section toward camera, range 40 Jt. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, turning adapter section toward camera, range 45 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter section toward camera, range 50 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter section toward camera, range 65 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter section toward camera, range 75 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 130 ft; clouds, sea background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 130 ft; clouds, sea background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 125 ft; clouds, sea background. 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 21:47 22:46 163 161 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 262 ^ MAGAZINE A Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 50 S65-63212 S65-63213 S65-63214 S65-63215 S65-63216 S65-63217 S65-63218 S65-63219 S65-63220 S65-63221 S65-63222 S65-63223 S65-63224 S65-63593 S65-63594 S65-63595 S65-63596 S65-63597 S65-63598 S65-63599 S65-63600 S65-63601 S65-63602 S65-63603 S65-63604 S65-63605 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 15, 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15. 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15. 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 15, 1965 Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter toward camera, range 100 ft; clouds, ocean. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter toward camera, range 90 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter toward camera, range 75 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, adapter toward camera, range 65 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 50 ft; clouds, sea background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 48 ft; clouds, sea background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range 45 ft; clouds, sea background. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter toward camera, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter toward camera, range 37 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, turning adapter toward camera, range 37 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end, range 42 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end, range 42 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end, range 42 ft; partial frame. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 23:14 166 MAGAZINE B NASA/MSC Color No. S65-63101 S65-63102 S65-63103 S65-63104 S65-63105 S65-63106 865-63107 S65-63108 S65-63109 S65-63110 S65-63111 S65-63112 S65-63113 B&W No. S65-64887 S65-64888 S65-64889 S65-64890 S65-64891 S65-64892 S65-64893 S65-64894 S65-64895 S65-64896 S65-64897 S65-64898 S65-64899 Revolution Date Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 GMT 23:54 Alt, N. Mi. 157 Area description Rendezvous with Gem: 50 ft; off west coast of India Rendezvous with Gem: 58 ft; off west coast of India. Rendezvous with Gem: 60 ft; off west coast of India Rendezvous with Gem: double exposure. Rendezvous with Gem: range 150 ft; rotation sequence Rendezvous with Gem range 150 ft. Rendezvous with Gemi range 150 ft. Rendezvous with Gem: range 160 ft. Rendezvous with Gem range 180 ft. Rendezvous with Gem: range 160 ft. Rendezvous with Gem: range 170 ft. Rendezvous with Gemi range 180 ft. Rendezvous with Gem range 150 ft. ni VII, side view, range )f India. ni VII, side view, range if India. ni VII, side view, range if India. ni VII, side view; ni VII, side view, 1 sequence. ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, ni VII, side view, 263 MAGAZINE B Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 14 S65-63114 S65-64900 7 Dec. 15, 1965 Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 15 S65-63115 S65-63116 S65-64901 S65-64902 7 7 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 range 150 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII side view 16 range 140 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 17 S65-63117 S65-64903 7 Dec. 15, 1965 range 125 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 18 S65-63118 S65-63119 S65-63120 S65-63121 S65-63122 S65-63123 S65-63124 S65-63125 S65-63126 S65-64904 S65-64905 S65-64906 S65-64907 S65-64908 S65-64909 S65-64910 S65-64911 S65-64912 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 range 125 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view. 19 range 90 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view. 20 range 120 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view. 21 range 100 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 22 range 70 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view. 23 range 37 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view. 24 range 45 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 25 range 47 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, 26 range 50 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VII nose view 27 S65-63127 S65-64913 7 Dec. 16, 1965 00;07 159 range 75 ft; stereo with No. 27. Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose view, 2S 29 365-63128 S65-63129 S65-63130 S65~64914 S65-64915 S65-64916 9 Dec. 16, 1965 Dec. 16, 1965 Dec. 16, 1965 03:10 155 range 75 ft; stereo with No. 26. India, .Nepal: Bareilly, Rampiir; Ganges plain, Himalaya front, east of Delhi. Urine drops in sunlight. Somali Republic: Ras Hajun, Wadi Giael. 30 7J 09:28 159 31 S65-63737 S65-64917 ;i Dec. 16, 1965 09:28 159 Somali Republic: Ras HaJun, Wadi Giael. 32 S65-63132 S65-64918 7J Dec. 16, 1965 09:28 159 Somali Republic: Ras Hafiin, Wadi Giael. 33 S65-63133 S65-64919 13 Dec. 16, 1965 09:28 159 Somali Republic: Wadi Giael. 34 S65-63134 S65-64920 13 Dec. 16, 1965 09:30 160 Socotra Island, extreme east tip, .Arabian Sea. 35 S65-63135 S65-64921 13 Dec. 16, 1965 09:45 167 Western Australia: Lake .McLeod. 36 S65-63136 S65-64922 13 Dec. 16, 1965 09:45 167 Western Australia: Shark Bay, Denham Sound, 37 S65-63137 S65-64923 13 Dec. 16, 1965 09:45 167 Carnarvon Tracking Station. Western Australia: Kennedy Range and plateau to the southeast. 38 S65-63138 S65-64924 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:34 154 Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic. 39 S65-63139 S65-64925 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:34 154 Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic. 40 S65-63140 S65-64926 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:34 154 Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic. 41 S65-63141 S65-64927 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:42 155 Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 42 S65-63142 S65-64928 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:42 155 1000 miles west of Canary Islands. Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 43 S65-63143 S65-64929 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:43 755 1000 miles west of Canary Islands. Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 1000 miles 44 S65-63144 S65-64930 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:43 155 west of Canary Islands. Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 45 S65-63145 S65-64931 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:43 155 1000 miles west of Canary Islands. Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 46 47 865-63146 S65-63147 S65-64932 S65-64933 14 14 Dec. 16, 1965 Dec. 16, 1965 10:45 10:45 156 156 1000 miles west of Canary Islands. Cellular cloud jormations west oj Canary Islands. Cellular cloud formations west of Canary Islands. 264 , MAGAZINE B Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 48 S65-63148 S65-64934 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:45 156 Eddies in stratocumulus near Gomera, La Palma, and Hierro Islands. 49 S65-63149 S65-64935 14 Dec. 76, 1965 10:46 156 Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife and Gomera Islands. 50 S65-63150 S65-64936 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:46 156 Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife, Gomera, and Gran Canaria Islands. 51 S65-63151 S65-64937 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:46 156 Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife and Gran Canaria Islands. 52 S65-63152 S65-64938 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:46 156 Eddies in stratocumulus near Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura Islands. 53 S65-63153 S65-64939 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:47 157 Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Spanish Sahara: Hamada du Dra area. 54 S65-63I54 S65-64940 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:48 157 Algeria, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi. 55 S65-63155 S65-64941 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:48 157 Algeria, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi. 56 S65-63156 S65-64942 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:49 157 Southern Algeria: Tanezrouft Desert of Sahara. 57 365-63157 S65-64943 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:51 158 Southeast Algeria: Fort Lapperine; Ahaggar Mountains. 58 S65-63158 S65-64944 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:52 158 Niger Republic: Air ou Azbine. 59 S65-63159 S65-64945 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:56 159 Sudan: Darfur Province; Jebel Gurgei. 60 S65-63160 S65-64946 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:56 159 .Sudan: Darfur Province; Jebel Marva. 61 S65-63161 S65-64947 14 Dec. 16, 1965 10:58 160 Sudan: Upper Nile Province; the Sudd, large swamp in White Nile. 62 S65-63162 S65-64948 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:00 161 Ethiopia: Lakes ^wai, Langana, and Shala; Koka Dam south of Addis Ababa — partial frame. MAG \ZINE C NAS.VMSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. .Area description 7 S65-63280 S65-63293 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:12 166 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 2 S65-63279 S65-63294 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:12 166 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 3 S65-63278 S65-63295 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:13 166 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 4 S65-63277 865-63296 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:13 166 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 5 865-63276 865-63297 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:14 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 6 S65-63275 865-63298 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:14 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 7 S65-63274 865-63299 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:14 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 8 S65-63273 865-63300 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:14 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 9 S65-63272 865-63301 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:14 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 10 S65-63271 865-63302 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:15 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 11 865-63270 865-63303 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:15 167 Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean. 12 S65-63269 S65-63304 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:47 156 Sunset. 13 S65-63268 865-63305 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:47 156 Sunset. 14 865-63267 865-63306 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:47 156 Sunset. 15 865-63266 865-63307 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:47 156 Sunset. 16 865-63265 865-63308 14 Dec. 16, 1965 11:47 156 Sunset. 17 Blank. IS 565^3264 S65-63309 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:21 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 19 865-63263 865-63310 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:21 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 20 S65-63262 865-63311 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:21 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 21 865-63261 865-63312 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:21 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 22 865-63260 865-63313 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:22 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 23 865-63259 865-63314 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:22 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 24 865-63258 S65-63315 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:22 158 Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands. 265 MAGAZINE C Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. .Area description 25 S65-63257 S65-63316 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:23 158 Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Port Etienne; Cap Blanc, Levrier Bay. 26 S65-63256 S65-63317 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:23 158 Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Cap Blanc, Levrier Bay. 27 S65-63255 S63-6337S 15 Dec. 76, 1965 12:24 15S Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Cap Blanc, Levrier Bay. 28 S65-63254 S65-63319 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:24 159 Mauritania, Senegal: Dakar, Noaukchott; Senegal River. 29 S65-63253 S65-63320 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:24 159 Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese Guinea: Aouker Basin. 30 S65~63252 S65-6332I 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:24 159 Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese Guinea: Aouker Basin. 37 S65-^3251 S6S-63322 75 Dec. 16, 7965 12:24 159 Mauritania, .Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese Guinea: Aouker Basin. 32 S65-63250 S65-63323 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:24 159 Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese Guinea. 33 S65-63249 S65-63324 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:24 159 Mauritania, Senegal, Mali: Aouker Basin. 34 S65-63248 S65-63325 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:25 159 Mauritania, Senegal, Spanish Sahara. J5 S65-63247 S65-63326 15 Dec. 76, 1965 12:26 759 Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River marshes. 36 S65-63246 S65-63327 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:26 159 Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River marshes. 37 S65-63245 S65-63328 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:26 159 Mauritania, Mali, Upper Volta: Timbuktu, Niger River marshes. 38 S65-63244 S65-63329 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:27 159 Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Niger River Basin, Sahara. 39 S65-63243 S65-63330 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:29 160 Cirrus puff over Nigeria, Niger, Mali. 40 S65-63242 S65-63331 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:29 160 Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Dahomey. 41 S65-63241 S65-63332 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:29 160 Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Dahomey. A2 S65-63240 S65-63333 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:30 160 Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, .Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Dahomey. 43 S65-63239 S65-63334 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:30 160 Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Dahomey. 44 S65-63238 S65-63335 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:30 160 Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Dahomey. 45 S65-63237 S65-63336 15 Dec. 16, 1965 Sky, horizon. Heavy haze, cellular cumulus clouds over Cameroon, Central African Republic. 46 365^3236 S65-63337 15 Dec. 76, 7965 47 S65-63235 S65-63338 15 Dec. 16, 1965 Heavy haze, cellular cumulus clouds over Cameroon, Central African Republic. 48 S65-63234 S65-63339 15 Dec. 16, 1965 Very heavy haze, clouds over Republic of the Congo. 49 S65-63233 S65-63340 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:36 163 Uganda: Lake Victoria, Sese Islands; cimiulus clouds. 50 S65-63232 S65-63341 15 Dec. 16, 7965 12:37 163 Tanzania: Lake Victoria, Speke Gulf; cumulus clouds. 51 S65-63231 S65-63342 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:37 163 Tanzania: Lake Victoria, Speke Gulf; cumulus clouds. 52 S65-63230 S65-63343 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:38 164 Tanzania coast, islands of Zanzibar and Pemba; cumulus clouds. 53 S65-63229 S65-63344 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:38 164 Tanzania coast, south of Dar es Salaam. 54 565-6J225 S65-63345 15 Dec. 76, 1965 72:40 165 Tanzania, Mozambique coast: Indian Ocean; clouds. 55 S65-63227 S65-63346 75 Dec. 16, 1965 12:41 765 Comoro Islands: He Moheli, He d'Anjouan, Gran Comore Island, He de Mayotte. 56 S65-63226 S65-63347 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:41 165 Comoro Islands: He Moheli, He d'Anjouan, Gran Comore Island, lie de Mayotte. 57 S65-63225 S65-63348 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:41 165 Comoro Islands: lie de Mayotte. 266 MAGAZINE D NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S65-63281 S65-63700 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:43 167 Northeast of Madagascar Island, Malagasy Republic in background. 2 S65-63282 S65-63701 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:43 167 Northeast of Madagascar Island, Malagasy- Republic in background. 3 S63-63283 S65-63702 75 Dec. 16, 1965 12:44 167 Mascarene Islands: La Reunion, Madagascar in background. 4 S65-63284 S65-63703 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:44 167 Mascarene Islands: La Reunion and Mauritius. 5 S65-63285 S65-63704 15 Dec. 16, 1965 12:44 167 Mascarene Islands: La Reunion and Mauritius. 6 S65-63286 S65-63705 15 Dec. 16, 1965 13:39 154 Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico. 7 S65-63287 S65-63706 15 Dec. 16, 1965 13:39 154 Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico. 8 S65-63288 S65-63707 15 Dec. 16, 1965 13:40 154 Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico. 9 S65-63289 S65-63708 15 Dec. 16, 1965 13:40 154 Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico. 10 S65-63290 S65-63709 16 Dec 16, 1965 Nose of Gemini VI showing insulation extrusion on thruster ports. 11 S65-63291 S65-63710 16 Dec. 16, 1965 Nose of Gemini VI showing insulation extrusion on thruster ports. 12 S65-63292 S65-63711 16 Dec. 16, 1965 Nose of Gemini VI out of focus GEMINI VII MAGAZINE 22 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 865-63832 865-64949 11 Dec. 5, 1965 16:33 120 8audi Arabia: Ar Riyad; Jabal Tuwayiq 2 865-63831 865-64950 Dec. 5, 1965 Algeria: Erg Iquidi, good display of sand dunes (250-mm lens). 3 S65-63830 S65-64951 13 Dec. 5, 1965 19:32 121 Algeria: Oucd Saoura, south of Bechar, rain runoff in normally dry lake bed {250-mm); see frames 46, 47. 4 865-63829 865-64952 13 Dec. 5, 1965 19:34 121 Algeria: south of Fort Flatters, Tifernine dunes, 1000 ft. high (250-mm lens). 5 865-63828 865-64953 13 Dec. 5, 1965 19:36 121 Algeria, Libya: Looking across Idehan Marzuq, toward Tibesti Mountains. 6 S65-63827 S65-64954 13 Dec. 5, 1965 20:38 164 Tuamotu Archipelago: atolls of Tikehua, Rangiroa, Arulua, Apataki, Kaukura, Toau, Niau, Fakarava. 7 S65-63826 S65-64955 14 Dec. 5, 1965 20:50 129 Cuba: Oriente Province, Guantanamo Bay, Santiago de Cuba. 8 S65-63825 S65-64956 15 Dec. 5, 1965 17:54 124 Bahama Islands: Andros, .New Providence, Berry Islands. 9 S65-63824 S65-64957 15 Dec. 5, 1965 19:28 121 Florida-Georgia; Atlantic Coast, Jacksonville; St. Johns River. 10 865-63823 865-64958 16 Dec. 5, 1965 20:54 124 Mexico, California, Arizona: Baja California, Sonora area. 11 S65-63822 565-64959 16 Dec. 5, 1965 20:55 123 Mexico: Baja California, Punta Eugenia. 12 865-63821 865-64960 17 Dec. 5, 1965 22:01 159 Australia: Northern Territory, east coast of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, west of Darwin. 13 865-63820 865-64961 17 Dec. 5, 1965 22:30 120 Mexico, California, Arizona; Baja California; Moon near full. 14 865-63819 865-64962 19 Dec. 6, 1965 Double exposure over Mexico. 8tratocumulus cells over Indian Ocean. 15 S65-63818 865-64963 19 Dec. 6, 1965 01:10 146 16 865-63817 S65-64964 19 Dec. 6, 1965 01:10 146 8tratocumulus cells over Indian Ocean. 17 865-63816 865-64965 19 Dec. 6, 1965 Clouds, Moon near full. 18 865-63815 865-64966 29 Dec. 6, 1965 17:46 131 *Central Mexico: Aguascalientes-Zacatecas area. ?5 S65-63814 S65-64967 29 Dec. 6, 1965 17:47 131 *Central Mexico: San Luis Polos'i area. 20 865-63813 865-64968 29 Dec. 6, 1965 MAI 130 *Eastern Mexico: 8an Luis Potosi-Matehuela 21 865-63812 865-64969 29 Dec. 6, 1965 \1:A1 129 *Eastern Mexico: Ciudad Victoria area. 267 MAGAZINE 22 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. .\rea description 22 S65-63811 S65-64970 29 Dec. 6, 1965 17:48 129 *Eastern Mexico: Ciudad Victoria-gulf coast. 23 S65-63810 S65-64971 29 Dec. 6, 7965 17:48 729 Eastern Mexico: Gulf coast at La Pesca. 24 S65-63809 S65-64972 30 Dec. 6, 1965 19:25 121 Florida: east coast, St. Augustine to Fort Pierce, Kennedy Space Center. 25 S65-63808 S65-64973 30 Dec. 6, 1965 19:25 121 Florida: east coast, Titusville to north of Daytona Beach (250-mm tens). 26 S65-63807 S65-64974 30 Dec. 6, 1965 19:25 121 Florida: east coast, Kennedy Space Center, Aierritt Island Complex {250-mm lens). 27 S65-63806 S65-64975 31 Dec. 6, 1965 19:25 121 Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island to Daytona Beach (250-mm lens). 28 S65-63805 S65-64976 31 Dec. 6, 1965 Moonrise out of focus. 29 S65-63804 S65-64977 31 Dec. 6, 1965 20:57 120 Gulf coast: Texas, Galveston Bay to central Louisiana, very hazy. 30 S65-63803 S65-64978 31 Dec. 6, 1965 20:57 120 Gulf coast: Texas, Galveston Bay to central Louisiana, very hazy. 31 S65-63802 S65-64979 31 Dec. 6, 1965 20:57 120 Texas; Houston, Beaumont; Jetero Airport, very hazy. 32 S65-63801 S65-64980 31 Dec. 6, 1965 20:57 120 East Texas, west Louisiana: Sam Ray burn Reservoir, very hazy. 33 S65-63800 S65-64981 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:01 120 Ocean off Florida. 34 S65-63799 S65-64982 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:01 120 Ocean off Florida. 35 S65-63798 S65-64983 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:01 120 Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail off Florida. 36 S65-63797 S65-64984 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:01 120 Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail off Florida. 37 S65-63796 ,S65-64985 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:01 120 Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail off Florida. 38 S65-63795 S65-64986 *Clouds, underexposed. 39 S65-63794 S65-64987 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:02 120 *Bahama Islands: south end of Andros Island. 40 S65-63793 S65-64988 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:02 120 *Bahama Islands: Great Exuma Island, Long Island. 41 S65-63792 S65-64989 32 Dec. 6, 1965 21:02 120 *Bahama Islands: Crooked Island, Acklins Island. 42 S65-63791 S65-64990 Double exposure, limb plus sunset or sunrise. Mexico: Tamaulipas, Tampico; gulf coast. 43 S65-63790 S65-64991 32 Dec. 6, 1 965 22:31 120 Cape Rojo. 44 S65-63789 S65-64992 33 Dec. 6, 1965 22:43 129 Limb at sunset. 45 S65-63788 S65-64993 33 Dec. 6, 1965 22:45 131 Sunset, note cloud layers in red. 46 S65-63787 S65-64994 43 Dec. 7, 1965 14:55 121 Algeria: Oued Saoura, south of Bechar, rain runoff in normally dry lake bed (see frame 3 for telephoto view). 47 S65-63786 S65-64995 43 Dec. 7, 1965 14:55 121 Algeria: Oued Saoura, south of Bechar, rain runoff in normally dry lake bed, good display of sand dunes (see frame 3 for telephoto view). 48 S65-63785 S65-64996 43 Dec. 7, 1965 14:56 121 Algeria: Tidikelt, Ahnet regions, Ahaggar Mountains. 49 S65~63784 S65-64997 43 Dec. 7, 1965 14:56 121 Algeria: Tidikelt, Ahnet regions, {good dome structure), Ahaggar Mountains. 50 S65-63783 S65-64998 Underexposed. Marshall Islands: Namorik Atoll. 51 S65-63782 S65-64999 46 Dec. 7, 1965 20:30 155 52 S65-63781 S65-64500 Partial frame X tjli LlUl IL UILIV.. 268 MAGAZINE 17 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S65-63833 S65-65337 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:24 126 Clouds, tropical storm off Baja California. 2 S65-63834 S65-65338 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:25 126 Clouds, tropical storm ojf Baja California. 3 S65-63835 S65-65339 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:26 126 Clouds, tropical storm off Baja California. 4 S65-63836 S65-65340 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:27 126 *Western Mexico: east of Culiacan. 5 S65-63837 S65-65341 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:27 126 *Western Mexico: Laguna de Santiaguillo. 6 S65-63838 S65-65342 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 *Western Mexico: Durango. 7 S65-63839 S65-65343 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 *Western Mexico: Durango. 8 S65-63840 S65-65344 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 'Western Mexico: Sombrerete, Rio Grande, Valparaiso. 9 S65-63841 S65-65345 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 *Central Mexico: Fresnillo Zacatecas. 10 S65-63842 S65-65346 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 *Central Mexico: Zacatecas, Salinas. 11 S65-63843 S65-65347 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:28 126 *Central Mexico: Salinas, San Luis Potosi. 12 S65-63844 S65-65348 47 Dec. 7, 1965 22:29 126 'Central Mexico: San Luis Potosi. 13 S65-63845 S65-63846 S65-65349 S65-65350 Blank. 14 48 Dec. 7, 1965 23:23 160 Moon, full. 15 S65-63847 S65-65351 48 Dec. 7, 1965 23:23 160 Moon, full (warped picture). 16 Blank. 17 Blank. 18 S65-63848 S65-65352 56 Dec. 8, 1965 11:48 131 ♦Libya; Gulf of Sirte. 19 S65-63849 S65-65353 56 Dec. 8, 1965 11:52 729 Israel, S)ria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Cyprus, Iraq: Nile Delta, Sinai Peninsula. 20 S65-63850 S65-65354 56 Dec. 8, 1965 11:52 128 ♦Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, United Arab Republic: Dead Sea. 21 S65-63851 S65-65355 56 Dec. 8, 1965 11:55 127 Muscat and Oman: Ra's al Hadd. 22 S65-63852 S65-65356 56 Dec. 8, 1965 12:00 130 Full Moon, cirrus clouds over Indian Ocean, note patterns (see frame 49). 23 S65-63853 S65-65357 56 Dec. 8, 1965 12:00 130 Clouds, Indian Ocean, note patterns (see frame 49). 24 S65-63854 S65-6535S 56 Dec. 8, 1965 12:56 160 Galapagos Islands; openings in clouds. 25 S65-63855 S65-65359 57 Dec. 8, 1965 13:04 149 Leeward Islands: Guadeloupe, Antigua, Maria Galante, Montserrat. 26 S65-63856 S65-65360 57 Dec. 8, 1965 13:23 128 Libya: basalt flows of Black Haruj. 27 S65-63857 S65-65361 58 Dec. 8, 1965 14:37 145 Bahama Islands: Crooked, Acklins, Long and Mayaguana Islands, San Salvador, Plana Cays and Samana Cay. 28 565-63858 S65-65362 58 Dec. 8, 1965 14:37 145 Bahama Islands: Crooked, .Acklins, Mayaguana Islands, Plana Cays, Samana Cay. 29 S65-63859 S65-63860 S65-65363 S65-65364 Blank. 30 58 Dec. 8, 1965 16:10 140 * 'Florida Keys. 31 S65-63861 S65-65365 58 Dec. 8, 1965 16:10 140 * 'Florida: Keys, Whitewater Bay. 32 S65-63862 S65-65366 58 Dec. 8, 1965 16:10 140 "Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Everglades. 33 S65-63863 S65-65367 58 Dec. 8, 1965 16:11 140 "Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Everglades. 34 S65-63864 S65-65368 59 Dec. 8, 1965 16:12 140 "Edge of Great Bahama Bank, Straits of Florida. 35 S65-63865 S65-65369 59 Dec. 8, 1965 16:12 140 ' 'Edge of Great Bahama Bank, Straits of Florida, Andros Island. 36 S65-63866 S65-65370 59 Dec. 8, 1965 16:12 140 "Bahama Islands: Andros Island area. 37 S65-63867 S65-65371 59 Dec. 8, 1965 16:13 139 "Bahama Islands: Andros Island area. 38 S65-63868 S65-65372 61 Dec. 8, 1965 20:45 135 Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 50-55). 39 S65-63869 S65-65373 61 Dec. 8, 1965 20:45 135 'Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 50-55). 40 S65-63870 S65-65372 67 Dec. 8, 1965 20:47 133 *Guadalupe Island, Pacific Ocean ojf Baja California, Mexico. 41 S65-63871 S65-65375 61 Dec. 8, 1965 20:49 132 'Mexico: Baja California, Punta Eugenia, Cedros Island. 42 S65-63872 S63-65376 63 Dec. 8, 1965 21:30 155 Moon, clouds over western Pacific. 43 S65-63873 S65-65377 63 Dec. 8, 1965 21:30 155 Moon, clouds over western Pacific. 44 S65-63874 S65-65378 Blank. 269 MAGAZINE 17 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 45 S65-63875 S65-65379 73 Dec. 9, 1965 14:48 131 *Canary Islands: Tenerife and La Palma Islands. 46 S65-63876 S65-65380 73 Dec. 9, 1965 14:49 130 *Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gomera, Gran Canaria Islands. 47 S65-63877 S65-65381 73 Dec. 9, 1965 14:49 130 *Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gran Canaria Islands. 48 S65-63878 S65-65382 74 Dec. 9, 1965 16:26 126 **Mauritania: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure. 49 S65-63879 S65-65383 74 Dec. 9, 1965 16:50 161 Clouds, Indian Ocean (see frames 22 and 23) 50 S65-63880 S65-65384 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:45 161 Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 39, 38) 51 S65-63881 S65-65385 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:45 161 Clouds over eastern Pacific of! Mexico (see frames 38, 39) 52 S65-63882 S65-65386 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:46 161 Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 38, 39) 53 S65-63883 S65-65387 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:46 161 Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 38, 39) 54 S65-63884 S65-65388 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:46 161 Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see frames 38, 39) 55 S65-63885 S65-65389 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:47 161 Clouds over Mexico, Sonora. 56 S65-63886 S65-65390 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:50 161 Mexico: Torreon, Camargo area. 57 S65-63887 S65-65391 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:50 161 Mexico: Torreon area. 58 S65-63888 S65-65392 76 Dec. 9, 7965 20:50 161 Mexico: Torreon, Saltillo area. 59 S65-63889 565^5393 76 Dec. 9, 1965 20:51 161 Mexico: Saltillo, Monterrey area. MAGAZINE 24 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S65-63722 865-65120 11 Dec. 9, 1965 21:51 162 *Clouds at twilight. 2 865-63723 865-65121 11 Dec. 9, 1965 21:52 162 *Clouds. 3 S65-63724 865-65122 11 Dec. 9, 1965 21:52 162 *Clouds, western Pacific. 4 865-63725 865-65123 11 Dec. 9, 1965 21:55 162 Clouds, western Pacific. 5 S65-63726 S65-65124 77 Dec. 9, 1965 22:09 162 Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef, K'ure Island, Midway Island. 6 S65-63727 S65-65125 77 Dec. 9, 1965 22:09 162 Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef. 1 865-63728 865-65126 79 Dec. 10, 1965 01:03 161 China: Kwangtung Province, Hong Kong. 8 S65-63729 865-65127 79 Dec. 10, 1965 01:03 161 China: Kwangtung Province, Hong Kong. 9 865-63730 865-65128 79 Dec. 10, 1965 01:08 161 Daito Islands: Kita and Minami. 10 S65-63731 865-65129 88 Dec. 10, 1965 15:02 160 *Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad. 11 S65-63732 865-65130 88 Dec. 10, 1965 15:02 160 *Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad. 12 865-63733 S65-65131 88 Dec. 10, 1965 15:03 160 *Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad. 13 865-63734 865-65132 89 Dec. 10, 1965 16:29 161 **Mauritania, Spanish Sahara; Cap Blanc 14 865-63735 865-65133 89 Dec. 10, 1965 16:31 160 **Mauritania, Spanish Sahara; Cap Blanc 15 S65-63736 865-65134 91 Dec. 10, 1965 20:54 161 Clouds, Pacific Ocean off Mexico. 16 865-63737 865-65135 91 Dec. 10, 1965 20:56 161 * *West-central Mexico. 17 S65-63738 865-65136 91 Dec. 10, 1965 20:57 161 * *West-central Mexico. 18 S65-63739 S65-65137 91 Dec. 10, 1965 20:57 161 * *West-centrai Mexico. 19 865-63740 865-65138 91 Dec. 10, 1965 20:58 161 *Mexico: north of San Luis Potosi. 20 S65-63741 S65-65139 91 Dec. 10, 1965 21:01 161 Mexico, British Honduras: Yucatan Peninsula, Quinlana Roo. 21 865-63742 865-65140 91 Dec. 10, 1965 21:01 161 British Honduras: city of Belize, Gulf of Honduras. 22 Blank. 23 S65-63743 S65-65141 100 Dec. 11, 1965 10:37 160 India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge. 24 S65-63744 865-65142 100 Dec. 11, 1965 10:38 160 India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge. 25 865-63745 S65-65143 100 Dec. 11, 1965 10:38 160 India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge. 26 S65-63746 865-65144 101 Dec. 11, 1965 11:58 162 Libya, Chad, Niger: Tibesti Mountains. 11 865-63747 S65-65145 101 Dec. 11, 1965 11:58 162 **Libya, Chad, Nigeria: Tibesti Mountains. 28 S65-63748 865-65146 101 Dec. 11, 1965 11:59 162 Eastern Libya: Al Kufrah, Libyan Desert. 29 S65-63749 865-65147 101 Dec. 11, 1965 12:01 162 United Arab Republic, Libya: Western and Libyan Deserts 270 MAGAZINE 24 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 30 S65-63750 S65-65148 101 Dec. 11, 1965 12:07 161 Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun, Abd al Kuri Island. 31 S65-63751 S65-63752 S65-65149 S65-65150 Dec. 11, 1965 Dec. 11, 1965 Clouds, sunlit cumulus tops. **Florida: Keys and Miami area. 32 102 14:46 163 33 S65-63753 S65-65151 103 Dec. 11, 1965 14:47 163 Bahama Islands: Andros, New Providence, Abaco, Eleulhera Islands. 34 S65~63754 S65-65752 104 Dec. 11, 1965 16:37 160 Senegal, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea: Dakar, Cape Vert. 35 S65-63755 S65-65153 106 Dec. 11, 1965 19:38 160 * Venezuela: Peninsula de Araya, Isla de Margarita. 36 S65-63756 S65-65154 106 Dec. 11, 1965 21:05 161 Mexico: Federal District, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Guerrero. 37 S65-63757 S65-65155 106 Dec. 11, 1965 21:05 161 Mexico: Federal District, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Guerrero, Oaxaco, Veracruz. 38 S65-63758 S65-65156 106 Dec. 11, 1965 21:05 161 Mexico: Puebla, Veracruz, Tlaxcala, Oaxaco. 39 S65-63759 S65-65157 106 Dec. 11, 1965 21:06 161 Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaco. 40 S65-63760 S65-65158 106 Dec. 11, 1965 21:06 161 Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaco; Goljo and Istmo de Tehuantepec. 41 S65-63761 S65-63762 S65-65159 S65-65160 *Clouds. 42 109 Dec. 12, 1965 01:16 161 China: Kweichow-Kwangsi Provinces. 43 S65-63763 S65-65161 109 Dec. 12, 1965 01:17 161 China: Kwangtung Province, looking toward Canton and Hong Kong. 44 S65-63764 S65-65162 109 Dec. 12, 1965 01:17 161 China: coastline of Formosa Strait. 45 S65-63765 S65-65163 116 Dec. 12, 1965 12:12 160 Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun. 46 S65-63766 S65-65164 116 Dec. 12, 1965 12:13 160 Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun, Socotra Island. 47 S65-63767 S65-65165 116 Dec. 12, 1965 12:13 160 Aden, Somali Republic; Gulf of Aden, Ras Asir. 48 S65-63768 S65-63769 S65-65166 S65-65167 *Clouds. 49 117 Dec. 12, 1965 14:52 161 *Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI abort. 50 S65-63770 S65-65168 117 Dec. 12, 1965 14:52 161 *Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI abort. 51 S65-63771 S65-65169 117 Dec. 12, 1965 14:52 161 *Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI abort. 52 S65-63772 S65-65170 118 Dec. 12, 1965 14:53 161 *Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI abort. 53 S65-63773 S65-63774 S65-63775 S65-63776 S65-63777 S65-63778 S65-63779 S65-65171 S65-65172 S65-65173 S65-65174 S65-65175 S65-65176 S65-65177 54 55 Clouds over ocean. 56 Clouds over ocean, contrails. 57 58 *Clouds. 59 119 Dec. 12, 1965 16:55 160 Angola: coast, south of Luanda(?). 60 S65-63780 S65-65178 123 Dec. 12, 1965 22:59 161 Bolivia, Chile, Argentina: cloud over Andes, Salar de Uyuni. 61 S65-63781 Partial frame. MAGAZINE 25 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S65-63991 S65-65061 120 Dec. 12, 1965 19:39 161 *Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua: Carribbean in foreground. Pacific in background. 2 S65-63992 S65-65062 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:43 160 Colombia, Venezuela: Peninsula de la Guajira, Peninsula de Paraguana. 3 S65-63993 S65-65063 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:43 160 Colombia, Venezuela: Peninsula de la Guajira, Peninsula de Paraguana. 4 865-63994 S65-65064 121 Dec. 12, 1965 160 Venezuela: Partial frame. 5 S65-63995 S65-65065 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:44 160 Venezuela: Caracas, Logo de Valencia. 271 MAGAZINE 25 Continued NASA/MSC 1 Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 6 S65-63996 S65-65066 121 Dec. 12, 1965 160 Clouds off Guyana coast. 7 S65-63997 S65-65067 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:49 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River. 8 S65-63998 S65-65068 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19;49 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River. 9 S65-63999 S65-65069 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:50 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River, Baia de Marajo. 10 S65-64000 S65-65070 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:50 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River, Baia de Marajo. 11 S65-64001 S65-65071 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:50 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River. 12 S65-64002 S65-65072 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:50 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River, Baia de Marajo. 13 S65-64003 S65-65073 121 Dec. 12, 1965 19:50 160 Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River, Baia de Marajo. 14 15 CAi;-f,4n04 S65-65074 Double exposure. S65-64005 VJ\J^ \J ^J \J 1 1 S65-65075 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:42 161 Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Ethiopia: Red Sea. 16 365^4006 S65-65076 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:42 161 Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Ethiopia, United .Arab Republic: Red Sea. 17 S65-64007 S65-65077 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:43 161 .Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Ethiopia: Red Sea. 18 S65-64008 S65-65078 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:43 161 Yemen: Southwest corner of Empty Quarter. 19 S65-64009 S65-65079 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:43 161 Aden Protectorate: Hadramavvt Plateau, Wadi Hadramawt. 20 S65-64010 S65-65080 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:43 161 Aden Protectorate: Hadramawt Plateau, Wadi Hadramawt, Al Mukalla, Gulf of Aden. 21 S65-64011 S65-65081 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:44 160 Aden Protectorate: Mouth of Wadi Hadramawt, GulJ of Aden. 22 S65-64012 S65-65082 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:45 160 Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun. 23 S65-64013 S65-65083 130 Dec. 13, 1965 10:45 160 Socotra Island, Abd al h'uri Island, The Brothers Islands. 24 S65-64014 S65-65084 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:17 160 Ethiopia: Lake Tana, Blue Nile. 25 S65-64015 S65-65085 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:17 160 Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces. 26 S65-64016 S65-65086 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:17 160 Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces. 27 S65-64017 S65-65087 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:18 160 Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces. 28 S65-64018 S65-65088 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:18 160 Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic. 29 S65-64019 S65-65089 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:18 160 Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic. 30 S65-64020 S65-65090 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:18 160 Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic. 31 S6S-64021 S65-65091 131 Dec. 13, 1965 12:18 160 Somali Republic: Coastline north of Mogadishu. 32 S65-64022 S65-65092 133 Dec. 13, 1965 15:25 160 Congo, Brazzaville; Republic of Congo, Leopoldville : Stanley Pool, Congo River. 33 S65-64023 S65-65093 133 Dec. 13, 1965 15:31 161 Mozambique: Mouth of Zambeze River. 34 S65-64024 S65-65094 134 Dec. 13, 1965 18:11 161 Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Cape Sable, underwater detail clearly shown. 35 S65-64025 S65-65095 135 Dec. 13, 1965 18:11 161 Cuba: Camaguey Province; Great Bahama Bank, Tongue of the Ocean. 36 S65-64026 S65-65096 135 Dec. 13, 1965 18:11 161 Cuba: Golfo de Ana Maria, Jardines de la Reina Islands. 37 S65-64027 S65-65097 135 Dec. 13, 1965 18: 13 161 Haiti, western Dominican Republic. 38 S65-6402S S65-65098 135 Dec. 13, 1965 18:13 161 Southeastern Haiti, western Dominican Republic. 39 S65-64029 S65-65099 135 Dec. 13, 1965 18:14 161 Guyana: Coastline at Georgetown. 40 S65-64030 S65-65100 143 Dec. 14, 1965 07:19 158 *Cape Verde Islands: Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente. 41 S65-64031 S65-65101 143 Dec. 14, 1965 07:19 158 **Cape Verde Islands: underexposed. 42 S65-64032 S65-65102 143 Dec. 14, 1965 07:23 159 *Mauritania: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure. 43 S65-64033 S65-65I03 **Clouds. 44 S65-64034 S65-65104 162 Dec. 15, 1965 13:37 160 Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI launch, smoke puff at pad 19, clouds, contrails. 45 S65-64035 S65-65105 **Clouds. 46 Blank. 47 Blank. 48 Blank. 272 MAGAZINE 25 Continued NASA/MSC Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area description S65-64036 S65-64037 S65~64038 S65-64039 S65-64040 S65-64041 S65-64042 S65-64043 S65-64044 S65-64045 S65-64046 S65-64047 S65-64048 S65-64049 S65-65106 S65-65107 S65-65108 S65-65109 865-65110 865-65111 865-65112 365-651 13 865-65114 S65-65115 365-65116 865-65117 865-65118 365-65119 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1956 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 21:40 161 Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, range 45 ft; underexposed. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 45 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 48 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 38 ft; "Beat Army" sign. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 38 ft; "Beat Army" sign. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 55 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 45 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 45 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 270 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view, range 40 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view 35 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view 33 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, oblique view, range 60 ft. Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, oblique view. range 60 ft. MAGAZINE 13 NA3A/MSC Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi, Area description 865-63890 865-63891 865-63892 365-63893 865-63894 865-63895 365-63896 865-63897 365-63898 865-63899 865-63900 865-63901 865-63902 865-65296 365-65297 865-65298 865-65299 365-65300 865-65301 865-65302 365-65303 865-65304 365-65305 365-65306 865-65307 365-65308 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Dec. 15, 1965 Blank. **Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 1 00 ft. **Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 130 ft. * *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 145 ft. * *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view, range 70 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view, range 43 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view, range 40 ft. * *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 58 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 43 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 43 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 40 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view, range 32 ft. Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view; underexposed. 273 MAGAZINE 13 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 15 S65-63903 S65-65309 166 Dec. 15, 1965 Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view; underexposed. 16 S65-63904 S65-65310 * *Double exposure, clouds. Clouds, reflections on window. 17 S65-63905 S65-63906 S65-65311 S65-65312 18 178 Dec. 16, 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Rocky Point, Cape Fria. 19 S65-63907 S65-65313 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Rocky Point, Cape Fria. 20 S65-63908 S65-65314 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld. 21 S65-63909 S65-65315 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld. 22 S65-63910 S65-65316 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld, Etosha Pan. 23 S65-63911 S65-65317 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:45 162 **Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan. 24 S65-63912 S65-65318 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:46 162 **Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan. 25 S65-63913 S65-65319 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:46 162 **Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan. 26 S65-63914 S65-65320 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:46 162 * *Southwest Africa. 27 S65-63915 S65-65321 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:46 162 * *Southwest Africa. 28 S65-63916 S65-65322 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:47 162 **.Southwest Africa. 29 S65-63917 S65-65323 178 Dec. 16 1965 15:47 162 **Southwest Africa, Bcchuanaland. 30 S65-63918 565-65324 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:54 160 **Cuba: Pinar del Rio, La Habana Provinces. 31 S65-63919 S65-65325 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:54 160 **Cuba: Matanzas, Las Villas Provinces. 32 S65-63920 S65-65326 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:54 160 **Cuba: Las Villas, Camaguey Provinces. 33 S65-63921 S65-65327 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:55 160 **Cuba: Camaguey, Oriente Provinces. 34 S65-63922 S65-65328 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:55 160 **Cuba: Oriente Province. 35 S65-63923 S65-65329 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:56 160 **Cuba: Oriente Province. 36 S65-63924 S65-65330 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:56 160 **Cuba: Oriente Province. 37 S65-63925 S65-65331 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:56 160 *Haiti, western Dominican Republic. 38 S65-63926 S65-65332 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:57 160 *Dominican Republic. 39 S65-63927 S65-65333 179 Dec. 16 1965 16:58 160 **Easternmost Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico. 40 S65-63928 S65-65334 179 Dec. 16 1965 17:01 160 **Guyana: Mouths of Essequibo and Demerara Rivers. 41 S65-63929 S65-65335 179 Dec. 16 1965 17:02 161 **Surinam, Guyana: Coastline, clouds. 42 S65-63930 S65-65336 179 Dec. 16 1965 17:03 161 *Brazil; Mouth of Amazon. MAGAZINE 23 NA.SA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 865-63990 S65-65001 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:54 160 **Mauritania, Mali: Erg Iguidi. 2 S65-63989 S65-65002 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:55 160 **Mali, Algeria: Erg Chech. 3 S65-63988 S65-65003 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:55 160 **Mali, Algeria: Erg Chech. 4 S65-63987 S65-65004 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:55 160 **Mali, Algeria: Tanezrouft region. 5 S65-63986 S65-65005 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:56 160 ** Algeria: Tanezrouft region. 6 S65-63985 S65-65006 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:56 160 **Algeria: Tanezrouft region. 7 S65-63984 S65-65007 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:56 160 ** Algeria: Tanezrouft region. 8 S65-63983 S65-65008 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:56 160 **Algeria: Tanezrouft region. 9 S65-63982 S65-65009 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:56 160 **Algeria: Tanezrouft region, .Assedjrad Escarpment. 10 S65-63981 S65-65010 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:57 160 **Algeria: Tanezrouft region, Assedjrad Escarpment. 11 S65-63980 S65-65011 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:57 160 ** Algeria: Tanezrouft region, .Assedjrad Escarpment. 12 S65-63979 S65-65012 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:57 160 **Algeria: Tanezrouft region, Assedjrad Escarpment. 13 S65-63978 S65-65013 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:58 160 **Algeria, Mali: Adrar des Iforas. 14 S65-63977 S65-65014 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:58 160 **Algeria, Mali: Adrar des Iforas. 15 S65-63976 S65-65015 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:58 160 **Niger: Northwest corner. 16 S65-63975 S65-65016 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:59 160 **Niger: Air ou Azbine. 17 S65-63974 S65-65017 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:59 160 **Niger; Air ou Azbine. 18 S65-63973 S65-65018 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:59 160 **Niger: Air ou Azbine. 19 S65-63972 S65-65019 190 Dec. 17, 1965 10:59 160 **Niger: Northwest of Lake Chad. 274 MAGAZINE 23 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 20 S65-63971 S65-65020 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:00 160 **Niger: Lake Chad. 21 S65-63970 S65-65021 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:00 160 *Niger, Cliad, Nigeria, Cameroon: Lake Chad. 22 S65-63969 S65-65022 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:00 160 Niger, Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon: Lake Chad. 23 S65-63968 S65-65023 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:00 160 Chad: East, central, partial frame. 24 S65-63967 S65-65024 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:01 160 Chad: East, central. 25 S65-63966 S65-65025 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:01 160 Chad: East, central. 26 S65-63965 S65-65026 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:01 160 Chad: East, central. 27 S65-63964 S65-65027 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:02 161 Chad: East, central. 25 S65-63963 S65-65028 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:02 161 Chad: East, central 29 S65-63962 S65-65029 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:02 161 Chad: Southeast. 30 S65-63961 S65-65030 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:02 161 Chad: Southeast. 31 S65-63960 S65-65031 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:03 161 Chad, Central African Republic. 32 S65-63959 S65-65032 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:03 161 Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan. 33 S65-63958 S65-65033 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:03 161 Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires. 34 S65-63957 S65-65034 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:04 161 Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires. 35 S65-63956 S65-65035 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:04 161 Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires. 36 S65-63955 S65-65036 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:04 161 Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires. 37 S65-63954 S65-65037 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:04 161 Central African Republic, Sudan, Republic of the Congo: forest fires. 38 565-63953 S65-65038 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:05 161 Central African Republic, Sudan, Republic of the Congo: forest fires. 39 S65-63952 S65-65039 190 Dec. 17, 1965 11:09 161 Somali Republic; Coastline south of Mogadishu. 40 S65-63951 S65-63950 S65-65040 S65-65041 Out of focus, overexposed. 41 192 Dec. 17, 1965 14:03 161 Cape Verde Islands: Brava, Fogo, Sao Tiago, Maio, Boa Vista, Sal. 42 S65-63949 S65-65042 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Bahama Bank area: Andros, Great Exuma Islands, north coast of Cuba. 43 S65-63948 S65-65043 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Bahama Bank area: Andros Island, Tongue of the Ocean. 44 S65-63947 S65-65044 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Bahama Bank area; Andros, Great Exuma, Long Islands. 45 S65-63946 S65-65045 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Cuba: Oriente Province. 46 S65-63945 S65-65046 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Cuba: Las Villas, Camaguey, Oriente Provinces. 47 S65-63944 S65-65047 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:27 160 **Cuba; Oriente Province. 48 S65-63943 S65-65048 193 Dec. 17, 1965 15:28 160 **Cuba; Oriente Province, Guantanamo Bay. 49 S65-63942 S65-65049 **Clouds. 50 S65-63941 S65-65050 194 * *Clouds, west of Panama. 51 S65-63940 S65-65051 195 Dec. 17, 1965 18:41 161 Peru, Ecuador: Rio Napo, Rio Cururary. 52 S65-63939 S65-65052 195 Dec. 17, 1965 18:42 161 Peru, Brazil: Upper Amazon Basin. 53 S65-63938 S65-65053 195 Dec. 17, 1965 18:43 161 Brazil, Colombia; Upper Amazon Basin. 54 S65-63937 565-65054 195 Dec 17 1965 Brazil; Overexposed. 55 S65-63936 S65-65055 195 Dec 17 1965 Brazil: Matto Grosso, clouds. 56 u vy «y \J ^ J ^\J S65-63935 S65-65056 195 Dec. 17, 1965 Brazil: Matto Grosso, clouds. 57 S65-63934 S65-650S7 195 Dec 17 1965 Brazil: Matto Grosso. 58 S65-63933 565-65058 195 Dec 17 1965 Brazil; Matto Grosso. 59 S65-63932 S65-65059 195 Dec. 17, 1965 18:51 163 Brazil; Coastline north of Vitoria, clouds. 60 S65-63931 S65-65060 195 Dec. 17, 1965 Clouds over Atlantic. MAGAZINE 26 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 Blank. 2 S65-64050 S65-64051 45 45 Dec. 7, 1965 Dec. 7, 1965 19:21 19:21 130 129 Gulf coast: New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Mobile, 3 Gulfport;//ll, 1/250 sec. Gulf coast; Mobile, Gulfport, Pensacola; //ll, 1/250 sec. 275 MAGAZINE 26 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. .^rea description 4 5 6 S65-64052 S65-64053 S65-64054 S65-64055 S65-64056 S65-64057 S65-64058 S65-64059 S65-64060 S65~64061 S65-64062 S65-64063 S65-64064 S65-64065 S65-64066 S65-64067 S65-64068 565-64069 S65-64070 S65-64071 S65-64072 S65-64073 S65-64074 S65-64075 S65-64076 S65-64077 S65-64078 S65-64079 45 45 Dec. 7, 1965 Dec. 7, 1965 19:22 19:22 129 129 Gulf coast: Pensacola, Panama City, Montgomery, Birmingham; Jill, 11250 sec. Gulf coast: Apalachicola, Tallahassee; forest fires. Gulf coast: Florida; underexposed, //1 6, 1/250 sec. Florida, Georgia coast: Jacksonville; underexposed. Florida: Jacksonville; highlights underexposed. Brazil: Para and Maranhao States; 7 8 45 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 Dec. 7, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 12, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 Dec. 17, 1965 19:22 19:51 19:51 19:51 129 160 160 160 9 10 Atlantic Ocean; no filter. Brazil; Maranhao State Baia de Sao Luis' 11 no filter. Brazil: Maranhao State, Baia de Sao Luis; 12 no filter. Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed. Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed. Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed. 13 14 15 19:54 160 16 Brazil: Amazon River; bad exposure, trouble with film advance. Brazil: Amazon and Purus Rivers; bad exposure, trouble with film advance. Overexposed. Brazil: Maranhao State' clouds 17 18 19 20 17:11 17:11 17:12 17:12 17:12 17:13 17:13 17:13 17:13 17:13 17:13 17:15 161 161 161 161 161 161 162 162 162 162 162 161 Brazil: Maranhao State' clouds 21 Brazil: Afaranhao State Sao Luis; 22 Atlantic Ocean; clouds. 23 Atlantic Ocean, clouds. Brazil: Paiui and Ceara States; clouds. 24 Brazil: Ceara State, south of Fortaleza; clouds. 25 26 Fortaleza; Atlantic coast; clouds. Brazil: Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte States; 27 clouds. 28 Paraiba States, Natal; clouds. Brazil' Rio Grande do Norte Paraiba and 29 Pernambuco States, Natal; clouds. Brazil: Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte and 30 Paraiba States, Fortaleza; clouds. 31 Paraiba States, Natal; clouds. Brazil: Atlantic coast mouth of Sao Francisco River. GEMINI VIII MAGAZINE 20 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description ? S66-25771 S66-25752 3 Mar. 16, 1966 20:56 Earth limb with cloud layers in silhouette, sunrise over Guam. 2 S66-25772 S66-25753 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:05 Agena at approximately 1000 ft; overexposed; near Midway Island. 3 S66-25773 S66-25754 ■ 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:05 Agena at approximately 1000 ft; overexposed; near Midway Island. 4 S66-25774 S66-25755 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:06 Agena at approximately 1000 ft; dark sky background; near Midway Island. 276 MAGAZINE 20 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 5 S66-25775 S66-25756 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:06 Agena at approximately 1000 ft; dark sky background; near Midway Island. 6 S66-25776 S66-25757 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:07 Agena at approximately 750 ft; dark sky background; north of Hawaii. 7 S66-25777 S66-25758 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:08 Agena at approximately 450 ft; dark sky background; north of Hawaii. 8 S66-25778 866-25759 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:09 Agena at 250 ft, motor end turned 45° toward Gemini VIII; sky background; north of Hawaii. 9 S66-25779 S66-25760 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:09 147 Agena at 210 ft; motor end turned 45° toward Gemini VIII; sea, clouds, sky in background. 10 S66-25780 S66-25761 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:10 147 Agena at 190 ft, motor end turned 45° toward Gemini VIII; sea, clouds, sky in background. 11 S66-25781 S66-25762 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:14 Agena at 55 ft, docking adapter end turned partially toward Gemini VIII; clouds, sky in background. 12 S66-25782 S66-25763 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:21 Agena at 45 ft, side view of entire Agena; good stereo with frame 13; off west coast of Mexico. 13 S66-25783 S66-25764 3 Mar. 16, 1966 21:21 Agena at 44 ft, side view of entire Agena; good stereo with frame 12; off west coast of Mexico. 14 S66-25784 S66-25765 4 Mar. 16, 1966 21:38 Agena at 24 in. from nose of Gemini VIII, docking adapter end and instrument panel of Agena visible; over coast of Brazil near Rio de Janeiro. 15 S66-25785 S66-25766 4 Mar. 16, 1966 21:57 Docking, instrument panel and L-band antenna of Agena, slightly out of focus; over South Afirica. 16 S66-25786 S66-25767 4 Mar. 16, 1966 21:57 Agena instrument panel while docked; out of focus. 17 S66-25787 S66-25768 4 Mar. 16, 1966 22:21 Docked with Agena; clouds, sea, sky, solar backlighting, near Philippine Islands. 18 S66-25788 S66-25769 4 Mar. 16, 1966 22:21 Docked with Agena; shadow side of Agena; clouds, sea, sky, near Philippine Islands. 19 S66-25789 S66-25770 4 Mar. 16, 1966 Sunlight in lens, no photo. 1 GEMINI IX MAGAZINE A NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-37906 S66-37806 1 June 3, 1966 15:11 130 Mexico: Torreon, Monterrey; looking over cloudy Coahuila Basin to folded mountains of Sierra Madre Oriental. 2 S66-37907 S66-37807 1 June 3, 1966 15:11 130 Mexico: Torreon, Monterrey; looking over cloudy Coahuila Basin to folded mountains of Sierra Madre Oriental. 3 S66-37908 S66-37808 1 June 3, 1966 15:11 130 Mexico: Coahuila, Nuevo Leon States; Serranias del Burro, northern Sierra Madre Oriental. 4 366-37909 S66-37809 ? June 3, 7966 15: 14 129 Louisiana, gulf coast: Cameron to Mobile; Mississippi River and delta; cloudy. 5 S66-379W 566-37810 1 June 3, 1966 15:15 128 Louisiana, Alabama, Florida: gulf coast, Grand Isle to Apalachicola; Mississippi Delta, Mobile Bay. 6 S66-37911 S66-37811 3 June 3, 1966 18:27 ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background. 7 S66-37912 S66-37812 3 June 3, 1966 18:27 ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background. 8 S66-37913 S66-37813 3 June 3, 1966 18:27 ATDA, backlit, range 70 ft; sky background. 9 S66-37914 S66-37814 3 June 3, 1966 18:28 ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background. 10 S66-37915 S66-37815 3 June 3, 1966 18:29 ATDA, backlit, range 45 ft; sky background. 277 MAGAZINE A Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 11 S66-37916 S66-37816 3 June 3, 1966 18:29 ATDA, backlit, range 38 ft; sky background. 12 S66-37917 S66-37817 3 June 3, 1966 18:29 ATDA, side view, range 45 ft; off coast of Honduras. 13 S66-37918 S66-37818 4 June 3, 1966 18:30 ATDA, back end view, range 75 ft; sky background. 14 S66-37919 S66-37819 4 June 3, 1966 18:31 ATDA, side view, range 30 ft; sky background. 15 S66-37920 S66-37820 4 June 3, 1966 18:31 ATDA, side view, range 25 ft; sky background. 16 S66-37921 S66-37821 4 June 3, 1966 18:31 ATDA, side view, range 25 ft; sky background. 17 S66-37922 S66-37822 4 June 3, 1966 18:32 157 ATDA, side view, range 70 ft; Venezuela coast, Isla Los Roques. 18 S66-37923 S66-37823 4 June 3, 1966 18:32 157 ATDA, side view, range 75 ft; Venezuela coast, Isla Los Roques, Isla La Orchila. 19 S66-37924 S66-37824 4 June 3, 1966 18:32 157 ATDA, side view, range 85 ft; Venezuela coast, Isla La Tortuga. 20 S66-37925 S66-37825 4 June 3, 1966 18:32 157 ATDA, side view, range 105 ft; Venezuela coast, Isla La Tortuga. 21 S66-37926 S66-37826 4 June 3, 1966 18:32 157 ATDA, side view, range, 110 ft; Venezuela coast, Isla La Tortuga, Peninsula de Araya. 22 S66-37927 S66-37827 4 June 3, 1966 18:33 157 ATDA, shroud, range 45 ft; Venezuelan jungles, clouds in background. 23 S66-37928 S66-37828 4 June 3, 1966 18:33 157 ATDA, shroud, range 40 ft; Venezuelan jungles, clouds in background. 24 S66-37929 S66-37829 4 June 3, 1966 19:13 Moon, full; ATDA, range approximately 750 ft. 25 S66-37930 S66-37830 4 June 3, 1966 19:13 Moon, full; ATDA, range approximately 750 ft. 26 S66-37931 S66-37831 4 June 3, 1966 19:13 Moon, full. 27 S66-37932 S66-37832 15 June 4, 1966 12:16 ATDA, fore side view, range 125 ft; sky background. 28 S66-37933 S66-37833 15 June 4, 1966 12:16 ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background. 29 S66-37934 S66~37834 15 June 4, 1966 12:16 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 140 ft; sky background. 30 S66-37935 S66-37835 15 June 4, 1966 12:17 ATDA, side view, range 150 ft; sky background. 31 S66-37936 S66-37836 15 June 4, 1966 12:17 ATDA, nose view, range 150 ft; sky background. 32 S66-37937 S66-37837 15 June 4, 1966 12:17 ATDA, view of shroud, range 150 ft; sky background. 33 S66-37938 S66-37838 15 June 4, 1966 12:17 ATDA, nose view, range 170 ft; sky background. 34 S66-37939 S66-37839 15 June 4, 1966 12:18 ATDA, rear and side view, range 150 ft; sky background. 35 S66-37940 S66-37840 15 June 4, 1966 12:18 ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background. 36 S66-37941 S66-37841 15 June 4, 1966 12:18 ATDA, side view, range 100 ft; sky background. 37 S66-37942 S66-37842 15 June 4, 1966 12:18 ATDA, side view, range 100 ft; sky background. 38 S66-37943 S66-37843 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, forward quarter view, range 80 ft; sky background. 39 S66-37944 S66-37844 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATD.\, side rear half view, range 135 ft; sky background. 40 S66-37945 S66-37845 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, side rear half view, range 130 ft; sky background. 41 S66-37946 S66-37846 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, side rear half view, range 145 ft; sky background. 42 S66-37947 S66-37847 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, side rear half view, range 120 ft; sky background. 43 S66-37948 S66-37848 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, side view, range 110 ft; sky background. 44 S66-37949 S66-37849 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, side view, range 120 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 45 S66-37950 S66-37850 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, side view, range 80 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 46 S66-37951 S66-37851 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, fore quarter view, range 75 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 47 S66-37952 S66-37852 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, side rear half view, range 65 ft; sky-horizon-ocean . 278 MAGAZINE A Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No, Area description 48 S66-37953 S66-37853 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, side rear half view, range 55 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 49 S66-37954 S66-37854 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 50 S66-37955 S66-37855 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft; sky-horizon-ocean . 51 S66-37956 S66-37856 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, partial shroud and side view, range 25 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 52 S66-37957 S66-37857 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft; sky background. 53 S66-37958 S66-37858 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, partial shroud view, range 22 ft; sky background. 54 S66-37959 S66-37859 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, shroud view, range 22 ft; sky background. 55 S66-37960 S66-37860 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, partial shroud view, range 26 ft; sky background. 56 S66-37961 S66-37861 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, partial shroud view, range 28 ft; sky background. 57 S66-37962 S66-37862 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, partial longitudinal view, range 25 ft; sky background. 58 S66-37963 S66-37863 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, partial longitudinal view, range 27 ft; ocean, clouds west of Africa. 59 S66-37964 S66-37864 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, side rear half view, range 30 ft; oceans, clouds west of Africa. 60 S66-37965 S66-37865 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, side view, range 33 ft; ocean, clouds west of Africa. 61 S66-37966 S66-37866 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, side view, range 38 ft; ocean, clouds west of Africa. 62 S66-37967 S66-37867 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft; ocean, clouds west of Africa. 63 S66-37968 S66~37868 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, rear view, range 44 ft; ocean, clouds, Mauritania coastline. 64 S66-37969 S66-37869 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, rear view, range 47 ft; ocean, clouds, Mauritania coastline. 65 S66-37970 S66-37870 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 47 ft; ocean, clouds, Mauritania coastline. 66 S66-37971 S66-37871 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, side view, range 47 ft; ocean, clouds, Mauritania coastline. 67 S66-37972 S66-37872 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, side view, range 44 ft; ocean, clouds, Mauritania coastline. MAGAZINE F NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 S66-38141 S66-38142 S66-38143 S66-38144 S66-38145 S66-38146 866-38 147 866-38148 S66-38149 S66-38150 866-38151 866-38089 866-38090 866-38091 866-38092 866-38093 866-38094 866-38095 S66-38096 S66-38097 866-38098 S66-38099 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 June 4, 1966 07:55 12:14 12:15 12:15 12:15 12:16 12:16 12:16 12:17 12:18 12:18 157 Iran, West Pakistan: Arabian Sea coast, Makran Mountains. ATDA, side view, range 125 ft; sky background. ATDA, nose view, range 120 ft; sky background. ATDA, side view, range 115 ft; sky background. ATDA, end view, range 130 ft; sky background. ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background. ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. ATDA, side view, range 75 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. ATDA, side view, range 60 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. ATDA, side view, range 50 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. ATDA, side rear half view, range 37 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 279 MAGAZINE F Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 12 S66-38152 S66-38100 15 June 4, 1966 12:18 ATDA, side rear half view, range 37 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 13 S66-38153 S66-38101 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, side view, range 30 ft; sky background, image blurred. 14 S66-38154 S66-38102 15 June 4, 1966 12:19 ATDA, side view, range 27 ft; sky background. 15 S66-38155 S66-38103 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 27 ft; sky background. 16 S66-38156 S66-38104 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 27 ft; sky background. 17 S66-38157 S66-38105 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, shroud view, range 24 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 18 S66-38158 S66-38106 15 June 4, 1966 12:20 ATDA, shroud view, range 22 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 19 S66-38159 S66-38107 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud view, range 23 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 20 S66-38160 S66-38108 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud view, range 24 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 21 S66-38161 S66-38109 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud view, range 25 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 22 S66-38162 866-38110 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud view, range 20 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 23 S66-38163 S66-38111 15 June 4, 1966 12:21 ATDA, shroud view, range 17 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 24 S66-38164 S66-38112 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, shroud view, range 16 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 25 S66-38165 866-38113 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, shroud view, range 21 ft; sky-horizon-ocean; image blurred. 26 S66-38166 866-38114 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, side view, range 33 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 27 S66-38167 866-38115 15 June 4, 1966 12:22 ATDA, side view, range 36 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 28 S66-38168 866-38116 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 37 ft; sky-horizon-ocean. 29 S66-38169 866-38117 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft; Mauritania coast in background. 30 S66-38170 866-38118 15 June 4, 1966 12:23 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft.; Mauritania coast in background. 31 S66-38I71 866-38119 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft; Mauritania coast in background. 32 S66-38172 866-38120 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, side view, range 40 ft; Mauritania coast in bakground. 33 S66-38173 866-38121 15 June 4, 1966 12:24 ATDA, side view, range 38 ft; Mauritania coast in background. 34 S66-38174 866-38122 15 June 4, 1966 12:28 159 Mauritania, Mali; Aouker Basin, Irrigi Plain: ATDA, partial view, range 60 ft. 35 S66-38175 866-38123 15 June 4, 1966 12:28 159 Mauritania, Mali: Aouker Basin, Irrigi Plain, Niger River; ATDA, partial view, range 60 ft. 36 S66-38176 866-38124 15 June 4, 1966 12:28 159 Mauritania, Mali: Aouker Basin, Niger River, Lake Faguibine; ATD.'^, nose view, range 60 ft. 37 S66-38177 866-38125 15 June 4, 1966 12:28 159 Mauritania, Mali: Niger River, Lake Faguibine; ATDA, nose view, range 65 ft. 38 S66-38178 866-38126 15 June 4, 1966 12:29 159 Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River, Lake Faguibine; ATD.'\, nose view, range 60 ft. 39 S66-38179 866-38127 15 June 4, 1966 12:29 159 Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River, Lake Faguibine; ATDA, nose view, range 60 ft. 40 S66-38180 866-38128 15 June 4, 1966 12:29 159 Mali, Upper Volta: Timbuktu; false delta of Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 60 ft. 41 S66-38181 866-38129 15 June 4, 1966 12:30 159 Mali, Upper Volta: Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 60 ft. 280 MAGAZINE F Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 42 S66-38182 S66-38130 15 June 4, 1966 12:31 159 Mali, Upper Volta: Hombori Mountains; ATDA, side view, range 65 ft. 43 S66-38183 S66-38131 15 June 4, 1966 12:31 159 Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Hombori Mountains; ATDA, side view, range 70 ft. 44 S66-38I84 S66-38132 15 June 4, 1966 12:31 159 Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Niger River; ATDA, rear view, range 75 ft. 45 S66-38185 S66-38133 15 June 4, 1 966 12:32 159 Upper Volta, Niger, Dahomey, Nigeria: Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 75 ft. 46 S66-38186 S66-38134 15 June 4, 1966 12:32 159 Upper Volta, Niger, Dahomey, Nigeria: Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 80 ft. 47 S66-38187 S66-38135 15 June 4, 1966 12:33 159 ATDA, side view, range 42 ft; sky background. 48 S66-38188 S66-38136 15 June 4, 1966 12:33 159 ATDA, side view, range 46 ft; sky background. 49 S66-3S189 S66-38137 15 June 4, 1966 17:01 159 Venezuela: Caribbean coast, islands of Aruba, Curasao, Bonaire, Roques, Tortugas. 50 S66-38190 S66-38138 15 June 4, 1966 17:01 159 Venezuela: Caribbean coast, islands of Aruba, Curasao, Bonaire, Roques, Tortugas, Margarita. 51 366-38791 S66-38139 15 June 4, 1966 17:08 158 Brazil: Atlantic coast, mouth of Amazon and Para Rivers. 52 S66-38192 S66-38140 15 June 4, 1966 17:09 158 Brazil: Atlantic coast, Baia de Sao Marcos. MAGAZINE C NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-38263 S66-38193 19 June 4, 1966 19:18 155 Clouds over water. 2 S66-38264 S66-38194 19 June 4, 1966 19:18 155 Clouds over water. 3 S66-38265 866-38195 19 June 4, 1966 19:22 156 Clouds over water. 4 S66-38266 S66-38196 19 June 4, 1966 19:22 156 Clouds over water. 5 S66-38267 866-38197 19 June 4, 1966 20:01 159 Mexico: Pacific coast, Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa. 6 S66-38268 S66-38198 19 June 4, 1966 20:01 159 Mexico: Pacific coast, Baja California,, Sonora, Sinaloa. 7 S66-38269 S66-38199 19 June 4, 1966 20:01 159 Mexico: Pacific coast near Mazatlan, entire gulf coast. 8 S66-38270 S66-38200 19 June 4, 1966 20:02 159 Mexico, Central America: Istmo de Tehuantepec, Yucatan. 9 S66-38271 S66-38201 19 June 4, 1966 20:11 158 Ecuador, Columbia, Peru: Andes, cloud-filled upper Amazon Basin. 10 S66-38272 S66-38202 19 June 4, 1966 20:11 158 Ecuador: Guayaquil, beneath clouds; Chimborazo (20 561 ft). 11 S66-38273 S66-38203 20 June 4, 1966 20:11 158 Ecuador, Peru: Gulf of Guayaquil, Andes, Pacific coast south of Punta Negra. 12 S66-38274 S66-38204 20 June 4, 1966 20:50 156 Limb, sunrise. 13 866-38275 S66-38205 20 June 4, 1966 20:50 156 Limb, sunrise. 14 S66-38276 866-38206 20 June 4, 1966 21:22 159 Clouds over water. 15 866-38277 866-38207 20 June 4, 1966 21:43 159 Galapagos Islands: clouds over water. 16 S66-38278 866-38208 20 June 4, 1966 21:44 159 Galapagos Islands: clouds over water. 17 866-38279 866-38209 20 June 4, 1966 21:45 159 Galapagos Islands: clouds over water. 18 S66-38280 866-38210 20 June 4, 1966 21:47 159 Clouds over Pacific Ocean, east of Galapagos Islands, cell structure. 19 S66-3S281 S66-38211 20 June 4, 1966 21:48 159 Peru: Pacific coast at Peninsula Paracas, Andes, Amazon Basin; twilight. 20 S66-38282 866-38212 21 June 4, 1966 21:50 159 Peru: Andes; underexposed. 21 S66-38283 S66-38213 21 June 4, 1966 21:50 159 Peru, Bolivia: Lake Titicaca, sunlit Cordillera Real peaks; twilight. 22 S66-38284 866-38214 21 June 4, 1966 21:51 159 Peru, Bolivia: Lake Titicaca, sunlit Cordillera Real peaks; twilight. 281 MAGAZINE C Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 23 S66-38285 S66-38215 21 June 4, 1966 21:51 159 Peru, Bolivia: sunlit Illimani volcano (21 300 ft); underexposed. 24 S66-38286 S66-38216 21 June 4, 1966 21:51 159 Peru, Bolivia: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, sunlit Illimani volcano (21 300 ft); twilight. 25 S66-38287 S66-38217 21 June 4, 1966 21:55 160 At sunset, long shadows from cumulus buildups. 26 S66-38288 S66-38218 21 June 4, 1966 21:55 160 At sunset, long shadows from cumulus buildups. 27 S66-38289 S66-38219 21 June 4, 1966 22:19 160 Nearly full Moon. 28 S66-38290 S66-38220 34 June 5, 1966 20:15 146 Peru, Ecuador : Bay and Desert of Sechura, Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin. 29 S66-38291 S66-38227 34 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of 8echura, Andes Mountains. 30 S66-38292 S66-38222 34 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of Sechura, ,'\ndes Mountains. 31 S66-38293 S66-38223 34 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru: Bay and Desert of Sechura, .^ndes Mountains. 32 S66-38294 S66-38224 35 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo; Andes Mountains. 33 S66-38295 S66-38225 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo; Andes Mountains. 34 S66-38296 S66-38226 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo; Andes Mountains. 35 S66-38297 S66-38227 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: North coastal area, Trujillo to Casma; Andes Mountains. 36 866-38298 S66-38228 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: Central coastal area, Chimbole to Paramonga; Andes Mountains, Cordillera Blanca, Huascaran {22 205 J t.) — path oj disastrous avalanche of 1962 clearly visible. 37 S66-38299 S66-38229 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 146 Peru: Cerro de Pasco; Andes Mountains, branches of Ucayali River. 35 S66-3S300 S66-38230 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 147 Peru: Coastline, Lima to Peninsula Paracas; Andes Mountains, Lago de Jtinin. 39 S66-38301 S66-38231 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 147 Peru: Andes Mountains, Ucayali River, LIpper Amazon Basin. 40 S66-38302 S66-38232 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 147 Peru: Eastern edge of Andes Mountains, Ucayali River, Upper Amazon Basin. 41 S66-38303 S66-38233 35 June 5, 1966 20: 19 147 Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area; Andes Mountains, Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba. 42 S66-38304 S66-38234 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area: Andes Mountains, Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba. 43 S66-38305 S66-38235 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area; Andes Mountains, Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba, Nevado Ampato. 44 S66-38306 866-38236 35 June 5, 1966 20: 19 147 Peru: Cusco area; Andes Mountains, Apurirnac-Urubamba-Aladre de Dios Rivers. 45 S66-38307 S66-38237 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru, Chile: Arequipa, coastline from Chala south; Andes Mountains, Volcan Misti. 46 S66-38308 S66-38238 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru, Bolivia, Chile; Arequipa, coastline from Mollendo south; Andes Mountains, Volcan Misti. 47 S66-38309 S66-38239 35 Junes, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: Arequipa, Lake Titicaca, Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline. 48 S66-38310 S66-38240 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: Arequipa, Lake Titicaca, Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline. 49 S66-38311 S66-38241 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline. 50 S66-3S312 866-38242 ■ 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, Andes Alountains, salt basins, coastline. 282 MAGAZINE C Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 51 866-38313 S66-38243 35 June 5 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains. 52 S66-38314 S66-38244 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains. 53 S66-38315 S66-38245 35 June 5 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia, Chile, Argentina: Sucre; Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains, Gran Chaco. 54 S66-38316 S66-38246 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay: Sucre; Cordillera Central, Cordillera Oriental, Gran Chaco, Rio Grande. 55 S66-38317 S66-38247 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay: Cordillera Oriental, Gran Chaco, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti. 56 S66-38318 S66-38248 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Bolivia, Paraguay: Cordillera Oriental, Gran Chaco, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti, Serrania de San Jose. 57 S66-38319 S66-38249 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Boliva, Paraguay: Gran Chaco, Rio Parapeti, Serra de San Jose, Serrania de Santiago. 58 S66-38320 S66-38250 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Bolivia, Paraguay: Chaco Boreal, Serrania de Santiago, Serrania de Sunsas. 59 S66-38321 S66-38251 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Bolivia, Paraguay: Chaco Boreal, Serrania de Santiago. 60 S66-38322 S66-38252 35 June 5, June 5, June 5, 1966 Blank. 61 S66-38323 S66-38253 35 1966 Light spot, probably Moon time exposure. Earth terminator at sunset, South America. 62 S66-38324 S66-38254 35 1966 20:28 63 S66-38325 S66-38255 35 June 5, 1966 20:28 Earth terminator at sunset. South America. 64 S66-38326 S66-38256 35 June 5, 1966 20:28 Earth terminator at sunset. South America. 65 S66-38327 S66-38328 S66-38329 S66-38330 S66-38331 S66-38332 S66-38257 S66-38258 S66-38259 S66-38260 S66-38261 S66-38262 Cirriform clouds. 66 Cirriform clouds. in Cirriform clouds. 68 Cirriform clouds. 69 Blank. 70 Blank. MAGAZINE D NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-38031 S66-38032 S66-37973 S66-37974 Blank. 2 31 June 5, 1966 15:10 156 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; standing in hatch over Pacific Ocean. 3 S66-38033 866-37975 31 June 5, 1966 15:11 156 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; standing in hatch over Pacific Ocean. 4 S66-38034 S66-37976 31 June 5, 1966 15:12 157 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 5 S66-38035 S66-37977 31 June 5, 1966 15:14 157 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 6 866-38036 S66-37978 31 June 5, 1966 15:14 157 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 7 S66-38037 S66-37979 31 June 5, 1966 15:15 157 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 8 S66-38038 866-37980 31 June 5, 1966 15:16 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/ Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora. 9 S66-38039 S66-37981 31 June 5, 1966 15:16 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/ Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora. 10 S66-38040 S66-37982 31 June 5, 1966 15:16 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/ Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora. 11 S66-38041 S66-37983 31 June 5, 1966 15:16 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/ Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora. 283 MAGAZINE D Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 12 S66-38042 S66-37984 31 June 5, 1966 15:19 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch, gear deployment. 13 S66-38043 S66-37985 31 Junes, 1966 1S:19 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch, gear deployment; Arizona/New Mexico background. 14 S66-38044 S66-37986 31 Junes, 1966 15:20 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch, gear deployment; Arizona/New Mexico background. 15 S66-38045 S66-37987 31 June 5, 1966 15:21 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; command pilot side spacecraft; Arizona/New Mexico/Texas/ Mexico background. 16 S66-38046 S66-37988 31 Junes, 1966 1S:21 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch, gear deployment; Mexico background. 17 S66-38047 S66-37989 31 June S, 1966 15:23 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; side of spacecraft. 18 S66-38048 S66-37990 31 June S, 1966 15:24 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose view of spacecraft. 19 S66-38049 S66-37991 31 Junes, 1966 15:24 159 Comdr, Cernan's EVA camera; side view, open hatch, umbilical cord. 20 S66-38050 S66-37992 31 June 5, 1966 15:25 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; side view of Gemini IX. 21 S66-38051 S66-37993 32 June 5, 1966 15:28 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; view of Gemini IX. 22 S66-38052 S66-37994 32 June 5, 1966 15:29 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord, sea background. 23 S66-38053 S66-37995 32 June 5, 1966 15:29 159 Comdr. Cernan's EV.\ camera; nose of Gemini IX 24 S66-38054 S66-37996 32 June 5, 1966 15:30 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; sea, umbilical cord, hatch. 25 S66-38055 S66-37997 32 June 5, 1966 15:30 159 Comdr. Cernan's EV.'K camera; side of Gemini IX adapter section. 26 S66-38056 S66-37998 32 Junes, 1966 15:31 159 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; out of focus. 27 S66-380'i7 S66-37999 32 June 5, 1966 Junes, 1966 June 5, 1966 June 5, 1966 June 5, 1966 June S, 1966 Blank. 28 OWVJ J 1 ^ J J S66-38000 32 Blank. 29 S66-380S9 S66-38001 32 Blank. 30 S66-38060 S66~38002 32 Blank. 31 S66-38061 S66-38003 32 Comd. Cernan's EVA camera; out of focus. 32 S66-38062 S66-38004 32 16:40 156 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; adapter section. 33 S66-38063 S66-38005 32 Junes, 1966 16:49 157 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX, umbilical cord. 34 S66-38064 S66-38006 32 June 5, 1966 16:49 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX, umbilical cord. 35 S66-38065 S66-38007 32 June 5, 1966 16:50 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX, umbilical cord. 36 S66-38066 S66-38008 32 June S, 1966 16:50 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX, umbilical cord, California. 37 S66-38067 S66-38009 32 Junes, 1966 16:51 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord; California, Los Angeles area. 38 S66-38068 S66-38010 32 June 5, 7966 16:53 158 Comdr. Cernan^s EVA camera; umbilical cord; Cali/ornialArizonalSonora. 39 S66-38069 S66-38011 32 Junes, 1966 16:53 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord; Arizona/New Mexico/Sonora. 40 S66-38070 S66-38012 32 June 5, 1966 16:54 158 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX, Baja CaliJorniajSonora. 41 S66-38071 S66-38013 33 June 5, 1966 17:12 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed. 42 S66-38072 S66-38014 33 June 5, 1966 17:12 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed. 43 S66-38073 S66-38015 33 June 5, 1966 17:13 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed. 44 S66-38074 S66-38016 33 June 5, 1966 17:13 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed. 45 S66-38075 S66-38017 33 June 5, 1966 17:13 Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed. 284 MAGAZINE D Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area Frame Color No. B&W No. description 46 S66-38076 S66-38018 34 June 5, 1966 18:40 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. Col. Stafford. 47 S66-38077 S66-38019 34 June 5, 1966 18:40 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. Col. Stafford. 48 S66-38078 S66-38020 34 June 5, 1966 18:41 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. image blurred. Col. Stafford; 49 S66-38079 S66-38021 34 June 5, 1966 18:41 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. image blurred. Col. Stafford; 50 S66-38080 S66-38022 34 June 5, 1966 18:41 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. Col. Stafford. 51 S66-38081 S66-38023 34 June 5, 1966 18:42 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. image blurred. Comdr. Cernan; 52 S66-38082 S66-38024 34 June 5, 1966 18:42 Inside Gemini IX, Lt. image blurred. Comdr. Cernan; 53 S66-38083 S66-38025 34 June 5, 1966 18:55 Inside Gemini IX, Lt image blurred. Comdr. Cernan; 54 S66-38084 S66-38026 34 June 5, 1966 18:55 Limb; sunset. 55 S66-38085 S66-38027 34 June 5, 1966 18:56 Limb; sunset. 56 S66-38086 S66-38028 34 June 5, 1966 18:56 Clouds; out of focus. 57 S66-38087 S66-38029 34 June 5, 1966 18:57 Clouds; out of focus 58 S66-38088 S66-38030 34 June 5, 1966 18:58 Red light streak. MAGAZINE G NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-38510 S66-38459 31 June 5, 1966 15:23 EVA, Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection degrades photo. 2 S66-38511 S66-38460 31 June 5, 1966 15:24 EVA, Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection degrades photo. 3 S66-38512 866-38461 31 June 5, 1966 15:24 EVA Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection degrades photo. 4 S66-38513 866-38462 31 June 5, 1966 15:24 EVA, umbilical cord; out of focus, light reflection. 5 S66-38514 866-38463 31 June 5, 1966 15:24 EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside. 6 S66-38515 866-38464 31 June 5, 1966 15:25 EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside. 7 S66-38516 S66-38465 31 June 5, 1966 15:25 EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside, image blurred. 8 S66-38517 866-38466 31 June 5, 1966 15:25 EVA, closeup of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside, out of focus. 9 S66-38518 866-38467 31 June 5, 1966 15:26 EVA, umbilical cord. 10 S66-38519 S66-38468 34 June 5, 1966 19:48 Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp. 11 S66-38520 866-38469 34 June 5, 1966 19:48 Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp. 12 866-38521 866-38470 34 June 5, 1966 19:49 Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp. 13 S66-38522 866-38471 34 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of Sechura, Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin. 14 S66-38523 866-38472 34 June 5, 1966 20:16 146 Peru: Desert of Sechura, Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin. 15 S66-38524 S66-38473 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon, east of Trujillo. 16 S66-38525 S66-38474 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon, Rio Huallaga, east of Trujillo. 17 S66-38526 866-38475 35 June 5, 1966 20:17 146 Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon, Rio Huallaga, east of Trujillo. 18 S66-38527 866-38476 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 147 Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin, Rio Ucayali. 19 S66-38528 S66-38477 35 June 5, 1966 20:18 147 Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin, Rio Ucayali. 20 S66-38529 866-38478 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin, Rio Madre de Dios, Rio Urubamba. 21 S66-38530 866-38479 35 June 5, 1966 20:19 147 Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca, Rio Madre de Dios, Amazon Basin. 285 MAGAZINE G Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 22 S66-38531 S66-38480 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 147 Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca, Rio Madre de Dios, Amazon Basin. 23 S66-38532 S66-38481 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Rio Madre de Dios, Amazon Basin. 24 S66-38533 S66-38482 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Rio Beni, Amazon Basin. 25 S66-38534 S66-38483 35 June 5, 1966 20:20 148 Bolivia; Andes Mountains, Rio Beni, Amazon Basin. 26 S66-38535 S66-38484 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia: Eastern slope of Andes, Amazon Basin, Rio Mamore, Rio Grande. 27 S66-38536 S66-38485 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia: Amazon Basin, Rio Mamore, Rio Grande. 28 S66-38537 S66-38486 35 June 5, 1966 20:21 148 Bolivia: San Javier; Amazon Basin, Rio Grande. 29 S66-38538 S66-38487 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Bolivia: San Javier; Amazon Basin. 30 S66-38539 S66-38488 35 June 5, 1966 20:22 149 Bolivia, Brazil: Serra Aguapei, Mato Grosso, headwaters of Rio Paraguay. 31 S66-38540 S66-38489 35 June 5, 1966 20:23 149 Bolivia, Brazil: Serrana de Sunsas, Mato Grosso, headwaters of Rio Paraguay at Lago Mandiore. 32 S66-38541 S66-38490 35 June 5, 1966 20:23 149 Bolivia, Brazil: Mato Grosso, Serra Azul, headwaters of Rio Paraguay. 33 S66-38542 S66-38491 43 June 6, 1966 09:19 148 Canary Islands near horizon. 34 S66-38543 S66-38492 43 June 6, 1966 09:20 148 Canary Islands; image degraded because of window obscuration. 35 S66-38544 S66-38493 43 June 6, 1966 09:20 148 Canary Islands; image degraded because of window obscuration. 36 S66-38545 S66-38494 43 June 6, 1966 09:22 147 Spanish Sahara, Morocco: Hamada du Dra, Tindouf Basin. 37 S66-38546 S66-38495 43 June 6, 1966 09:23 147 Spanish Sahara, Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria: Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plains. 38 S66-38547 S66-38496 43 June 6, 1966 09:23 147 Spanish Sahara, Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria: Hamada du Dra, Tindouf Basin. 39 S66-38548 S66-38497 43 June 6, 1966 09:23 147 Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech; image degraded because of window obscuration. 40 S66-38549 S66-38498 43 June 6, 1966 09:24 147 Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech; image degraded because of window obscuration. 41 S66-38550 S66-38499 43 June 6, 1966 09:25 146 Algeria: Grand Erg Oriental, Ajjer Plateau; image degraded because of window obscuration. 42 S66-38551 S66-38500 43 June 6, 1966 09:26 146 Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain. 43 S66-38552 S66-38501 43 June 6, 1966 09:27 146 Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain. 44 S66-38553 S66-38502 43 June 6, 1966 09:28 145 Libya, Chad, Niger; Tibesti Mountains and Gravel Desert. 45 S66-38554 S66-38503 43 June 6, 1966 09:29 145 Libya, Chad: Northern Tibesti Mountains; cloudy. 46 S66-38555 S66-38504 43 June 6, 1966 09:29 145 Libya: Northern Tibesti Mountains, Kufra Oasis, Sarra Gravel Desert. 47 S66-38556 S66-38505 43 June 6, 1966 09:31 144 Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River, Ethiopia, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia in background. 48 S66-38557 S66-38506 43 June 6, 1966 09:32 144 Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River, Ethiopia, Red Sea, Saudi .'\rabia in background. 49 S66-38558 S66-38507 43 June 6, 1966 09:33 144 Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Red Sea. 50 S66-38559 S66-38508 43 June 6, 1966 09:34 144 Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia: Danakil Depression, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 51 S66-38560 S66-38509 43 June 6, 1966 09:35 144 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic: Gulf of Aden; partial frame. 286 MAGAZINE B NASA/MSC Color No. S66-38396 S66-38397 S66-38398 S66-38399 S66-38400 S66-38401 S66-38402 S66-38403 S66-3S404 S66-38405 S66-38406 S66-38407 S66-38408 S66-38409 S66-38410 S66-38411 S66-38412 S66-38413 S66-38414 S66-38415 866^38416 S66-38417 S66-38418 S66-38419 S66-38420 S66-38421 S66-38422 S66-38423 S66-3S424 S66-38425 S66-38426 S66-38427 S66-38428 S66-38429 S66-38430 S66-38431 S66-38432 S66-38433 S66-38434 S66-38435 S66-38436 S66-38437 S66-38438 S66-38439 S66-38440 B&W No. S66-38333 S66-38334 S66-38335 S66-38336 S66-38337 S66-38338 S66-38339 S66-38340 S66-38341 S66-38342 S66-38343 S66-38344 S66-38345 S66-38346 S66-38347 S66-38348 S66-38349 S66-38350 S66-38351 S66-38352 S66-38353 S66-38354 S66-3S355 S66-38356 S66-38357 S66-38358 S66-38359 S66-38360 S66-38361 S66-38362 S66-38363 S66-38364 S66-38365 S66-38366 S66-38367 S66-38368 S66-38369 S66-38370 S66-38371 S66-38372 S66-38373 S66-38374 S66-38375 S66-38376 S66-38377 Revolution 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Date June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, June 6, 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 June 6, 1966 GMT 09:18 09:19 09:19 09:19 09:20 09:20 09:20 09:21 09:27 09:22 09:22 09:23 09:23 09:24 09:24 09:25 09:26 09:27 09:28 09:29 09:31 09:33 09:35 09:35 09:36 09:37 09:38 09:50 09:51 10:46 10:46 10:47 10:47 10:47 10:48 10:48 10:48 10:49 10:49 10:55 Alt, N. Mi. 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 747 747 147 147 747 147 146 146 146 746 145 145 145 144 144 744 144 144 144 148 148 149 149 149 149 149 148 148 148 148 148 146 Area description Blank. Blank. Blank. Limb, blue. Limb, blue. Canary Islands. Canary Islands. Canary Islands. Canary Islands, coast of Africa. Canary Islands, coast of Africa. Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. Fuerteventura Islands, coast of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria: Hamada du Dra, Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plain. Blank. Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: South edge of Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plain. Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech. Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech. Algeria: Erg Chech, Tademait Plateau. Algeria: Erg Chech, Tanezrouft area. Algeria: Tademait Plateau, Ahellakane Escarpment. Algeria: Iraquene and Ahellakane Escarpments. Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Ahaggar Mountains. Libya, Niger, Chad: Tibesti Mountains and Gravel Desert. Niger, Chad: Tibesti Mountains, volcanoes, lava. Libya, Chad, Sudan: featureless desert. Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River. Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Yemen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Danakil Depression. Ethiopia, Somali Republic: Berbera; Gulf of Aden. Ethiopia, Somali Republic; Heavy cloud cover. Somali Republic: Ras Azir, Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean, Socotra Island, Somali Republic: Ras Azir, Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean, Socotra Island. Clouds over water. Clouds over water. Clouds, underexposed. Clouds, underexposed. Clouds, near terminator. Clouds, near terminator. Clouds, near terminator. Clouds, near terminator. Clouds, near terminator. Clouds. Clouds. Clouds. Clouds. 287 MAGAZINE B Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 47 S66-38441 S66-38378 44 June 6, 1966 10:56 145 Canary Islands. 48 S6&-38442 S66-38379 44 June 6, 7966 70:57 745 Canary Islands. 49 S66-38443 S66-38380 44 June 6, 1966 11:04 144 Chad, Niger, Nigeria: Lake Chad, inundated dunes. 50 S66-38444 S66-38381 44 June 6, 7966 77:05 744 Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroun: Lake Chad, inundated dunes. 51 S66-38445 S66-38382 44 June 6, 7966 77:08 744 Central African Republic: cloudy. 52 S66-38446 S66-38383 44 June 6, 1966 11:09 144 Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo: hazy. Republic of the Congo, Uganda: 53 S66-38447 S66-38384 44 June 6, 1966 11:10 144 Lake Albert, Lake Edward; hazy. 54 S66-38448 S66-38385 44 June 6, 1966 11:11 144 Republic of the Congo, Uganda: Lake Albert, Lake Edward, Lake Kyoga; hazy. 55 S66-38449 S66-38386 44 June 6, 1966 11:11 144 Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: Lake Victoria, Kavirondo Gulf; hazy. 56 S66-38450 S66-38387 44 June 6, 1966 11:11 144 Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: Lake Victoria, Kavirondo Gulf; hazy. 57 S66-38451 S66-38388 44 June 6, 1966 11:13 144 Kenya, Tanzania: Indian Ocean coast; hazy. 58 S66-38452 S66-38389 44 June 6, 1966 11:13 145 Kenya, Somali Republic: Indian Ocean coast; hazy. 59 S66-38453 S66-38390 44 June 6, 7966 77:74 745 Kenya, Somali Republic; Tanzania: Indian Ocean coast; hazy. 60 S6&-38454 S66-38391 44 June 6, 7966 77:74 745 Somali Republic, Kenya: Indian Ocean coast; hazy. 61 S66-38455 S66-38392 44 June 6, 1966 11:15 145 Somali Republic, Kenya: Indian Ocean coast; hazy. Partial frame, Somali coast. 62 S66-38456 S66-38393 44 June 6, 1966 11:15 145 63 S66-38457 S66-38458 S66-38394 S66-38395 Blank. 64 Blank. GEMINI MAGAZINE NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Ah, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 Blank. 2 S66-46111 S66-46171 4 July 19, 1966 04:00 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 98 ft; ocean, clouds. 3 S66-46112 S66-46172 4 July 19, 1966 04:00 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 98 ft; ocean, clouds. 4 866-46113 S66-46173 4 July 19, 1966 04:01 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 85 ft; ocean, clouds. 5 S66-46114 S66-46174 4 July 19, 1966 04:01 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 85 ft; ocean, clouds. 6 S66-46115 S66-46175 4 July 19, 1966 04:02 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 65 ft; ocean, clouds. 7 S66-46116 S66-46176 4 July 19, 1966 04:02 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 65 ft; ocean, clouds. 8 S66-46117 S66-46177 4 July 19, 1966 04:03 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 62 ft; ocean, clouds. 9 S66-46118 S66-46178 4 July 19, 1966 04:03 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 62 ft; ocean, clouds. 10 S66-46119 S66-46179 4 July 19, 1966 04:03 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 52 ft; ocean, clouds. 11 S66-46120 S66-46180 4 July 19, 1966 04:03 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 52 ft; ocean, clouds. 12 S66-46121 S66-46181 4 July 19, 1966 04:03 161 Agena No. 5005, side view, range 46 ft; ocean, clouds. 288 MAGAZINE 5 Continued NASA/MSC 1 Revolution Date GMT Alt, Frame Color No. B&W No. N. Mi. 13 S66-46122 S66-46182 4 July 19, 1966 04:04 161 14 S66-46123 S66-46183 4 July 19, 1966 04:04 161 15 S66-46124 S66-46184 4 July 19, 1966 04:04 162 16 S66-46125 566^6185 4 July 19, 1966 04:04 162 17 S66-46126 S66-46186 4 July 19, 1966 04:04 162 18 S66-46127 S66-46187 4 July 19, 1966 04:05 162 19 S66-46128 S66-46188 4 July 19, 1966 04:05 162 20 S66-46129 S66-46189 4 July 19, 1966 04:05 162 21 S66-46130 S66-46190 4 July 19, 1966 04:05 162 22 S66-46131 S66-46191 4 July 19, 1966 04:06 162 23 S66-46132 S66-46192 4 July 19, 1966 04:06 162 24 S66-46133 S66-46193 4 July 19, 1966 04:06 162 25 S66-46134 S66-46194 4 July 19, 1966 04:08 161 26 S66-46135 S66-46195 4 July 19, 1966 04:09 161 27 S66-46136 S66-46196 4 July 19, 1966 04:25 160 28 S66-46137 S66-46197 4 July 19, 1966 04:25 160 29 S66-46138 S66~46198 4 July 19, 1966 04:25 160 30 S66-46139 S66-46199 4 July 19, 1966 04:26 159 31 S66-46140 S66-46200 4 July 19, 1966 04:26 159 32 S66-46141 S66-46201 4 July 19, 1966 04:26 159 33 S66-46142 S66-46202 4 July 19, 1966 04:26 159 34 S66-46143 S66-46203 4 July 19, 1966 04:26 159 35 S66-46144 S66-46204 4 July 19, 1966 04:27 159 36 S66-46145 S66-46205 4 July 19, 1966 04:27 159 37 S66-46146 S66-46206 4 July 19, 1966 04:27 159 38 S66-46147 S66-46207 4 July 19, 1966 04:28 159 39 S66-46148 S66-46208 4 July 19, 1966 04:28 159 40 S66-46149 S66-46209 4 July 19, 1966 04:28 159 41 S66-46150 S66-46210 4 July 19, 1966 04:29 159 42 S66-46151 S66-46211 6 July 19, 1966 07:00 371 43 S66-46152 S66-46212 6 July 19, 1966 07:01 369 44 S66-46153 S66-46213 6 July 19, 1966 07:01 367 Area description Agena No. 5005, side view, range 46 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, side view, range 51 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, side view, range 49 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, side view, range 51 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, side view, range 28 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, side view, range 27 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 24 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 23 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 23 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 26 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 25 ft; ocean, clouds. Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward spacecraft, range 25 ft; ocean, clouds. Blank. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, .\gena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display panel clearly seen. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked. Agena No. 5005, docked. Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa, Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. Small portion docked Agena No. 5005 ; Africa, Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa, Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 289 MAGAZINE 5 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 45 S66-46154 S66-46214 6 July 19, 1966 07:01 365 Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa, Arabia, Red .Sea, Gulf of Aden. 46 Blank. 47 S66-46155 S66-46215 10 July 19, 1966 13;25 346 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 48 S66-46156 S66-46216 10 July 19, 1966 13:26 344 Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 49 S66-46157 S66-46217 10 July 19, 1966 13:26 342 Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 50 S66-46158 S66-46218 10 July 19, 1966 13:26 340 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 51 S66-46159 S66-46219 10 July 19, 1966 13:27 338 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 52 S66-46160 S66-46220 10 July 19, 1966 13:27 336 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off west coast of Africa. 53 S66-46161 S66-46221 10 July 19, 1966 13:41 220 Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; Mediterranean coast — Libya to Turkey. 54 S66-46162 S66-467?? 10 July 19, 1966 13:42 216 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; Mediterranean coast — Libya to Turkey. 55 S66-46163 S66-46223 11 July 19, 1966 16:28 389 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; Mexico (Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras; Gulf of Mexico. 56 S66-46164 S66-46224 11 July 19, 1966 16:29 388 Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; Mexico (Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras; Gulf of Mexico. 57 S66-46165 S66-46225 11 July 19, 1966 16:29 387 Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; Mexico (Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras; Gulf of Mexico, 58 S66-46166 S66-46226 Agena No. 5005, docked. 59 S66-46167 S66-46227 Agena No. 5005, docked. 60 S66-46168 S66-46228 Agena No. 5005, docked, L-band antenna only. Agena No. 5005, docked; sky and horizon. Agena No. 5005, docked; sky and horizon. 61 S66-46169 S66-46170 S66-46229 S66-46230 62 MAGAZINE 10 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-45651 866-45701 2 July 19, 1966 00:03 91 Clouds near terminator, sunlit tops. 2 S66-45652 866-45702 2 July 19, 1966 00:03 91 Clouds near terminator, sunlit tops. 3 S66-45653 S66-45703 2 July 19, 7966 07:08 737 Murilo Atoll, Pacific Ocean. 4 866-45654 866-45704 2 July 19, 1966 01:09 131 Clouds over Pacific Ocean, northeast of Murilo Atoll. 5 S66-45655 S66-45705 2 July 19, 1966 01:22 178 Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds); Baja California, Gulf of California in background. 6 S66-J5656 S66-45706 2 July 79, 7966 07:23 778 Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds); Baja California, Gulf of Calijornia in background. 7 S66-45657 866-45707 2 July 19, 1966 01:23 178 Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds) ; .Southern California, Baja California area. 8 S66~45658 S6&'45708 2 July 79, 7966 07:23 778 California, Mexico: Los Angeles to Cabo Colnelt. 9 S66-45659 866-45709 5 July 19, 1966 05:27 160 Maldive Islands: Haddummati, Suvadiva Atolls. 10 866-45660 866-45710 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 Docked, partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. 11 866-45661 866-45711 12 S66-45662 866-45712 Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds. 13 S66-45663 S66-45664 866-45665 S66-45713 866-45714 866-45715 14 15 16 866-45666 866-45716 290 MAGAZINE 10 Continued NASA/MSC Color No. S66-45667 S66-45668 S66-45669 S66-45670 S66-45671 S66-45672 S66-45673 S66-45674 S66-45675 S66-45676 S66-45677 S66-45678 S66-45679 S66-45680 S66-45681 S66-45682 S66-45683 S66-45684 S66-45685 S66-45686 S66-45687 S66-45688 S66-45689 S66-45690 S66-45691 S66-45692 S66-45693 S66-45694 S66-45695 S66-45696 S66-45697 S66-45698 S66-45699 S66-45700 B&W No. S66-45717 S66-45718 S66-45719 S66-45720 S66-45721 S66-45722 S66-45723 S66-45724 S66-45725 S66-45726 S66-45727 S66-45728 S66-45729 S66-45730 S66-45731 S66-45732 S66-45733 S66-45734 S66-45735 S66-45736 S66-45737 S66-45738 S66-45739 S66-45740 S66-45741 S66-43742 S66-45743 S66-45744 S66-45745 S66-45746 S66-45747 S66-45748 S66-45749 S66-45750 Revolution 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 72 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Date July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 GMT 13:34 13:35 13:37 13:39 13:39 13:40 13:41 13:41 13:42 13:45 13:46 13:46 16:22 16:23 16:23 16:24 16:36 16:36 16:37 Alt, N. Mi. 16:38 16:38 16:38 16:39 16:39 16:55 16:56 16:56 16:56 16:56 16:57 16:57 267 247 235 231 227 220 216 210 194 188 185 405 405 404 404 342 342 334 326 324 322 315 313 193 192 191 186 183 181 180 Area description Docked; partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Docked; sky-ocean-clouds. Mali, Mauritania: Upper Niger Basin. Mali, Niger, Upper Volta: Timbuktu; Niger River, Lake Faguibine. Mali, Niger, Algeria: Iforas Mountains, Niger Basin. Mali, Niger, Algeria: Ahaggar Mountains, Air ou Azbine. Niger, Algeria: Ahaggar Mountains, Air ou Azbine, northern Tenere. Niger, Algeria, Libya, Chad: Air ou Azbine, Tenere region. Niger, Algeria Libya, Chad: Tibesti Mountains, Tenere region. Niger, Libya, Chad: Tibesti Mountains, Bodele Basin. Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan: Great Sand Sea, Jebel Uweinat. United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia: Eastern Desert, Foul Bay, Hejaz area. Red Sea. United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia: Eastern Desert, Foul Bay, Hejaz area. Red Sea. United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia: Hejaz Area, Red Sea. Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 33. Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 32. Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 35. Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 34. Mexico, Central America; Yucatan, Gulf of Mexico. Mexico, Central America: Yucatan, Gulf of Mexico. Mexico, Cuba, Florida: Tucatan Channel, Gulf oj Mexico, Caribbean Sea. Cuba, Florida: Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico. Cuba, Florida: Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico. Cuba: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea; Yucatan in background. Hurricane Celia; Cuba, Florida in background. Hurricane Celia; Cuba, Florida in background. Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain, Portugal in background. Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain, Portugal in background. Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain, Portugal in background. Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain, Portugal in background. Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain in background. Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain in background. Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain in background. 291 MAGAZINE 28 Frame NASA/MSC Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area description 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 .S66-46231 S66-46232 S66-46233 S66-46234 S66-46235 .S66-46236 S66-46237 S66-46238 S66-46239 .S66-46240 S66-46241 S66-46242 S66-46243 S66-46244 .S66-46245 S66-46246 S66-46247 S66-46248 S66-46249 ,S66-46250 S66-46251 S66-46252 .S66-46253 .S66-46288 S66-46289 S66-46290 S66-46291 S66-46292 S66-46293 S66-46294 S66-46295 S66-46296 S66-46297 S66-46298 S66-46299 S66-46300 S66-46301 S66-46302 S66-46303 S66-46304 S66-46305 S66-46306 S66-46307 ,S66-46308 S66-46309 .S66-46310 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 16:54 16:54 16:55 16:55 16:56 16:56 16:57 16:57 17:00 17:01 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 17:48 17:48 17:48 17:49 17:49 17:49 17:49 205 202 199 196 193 189 186 184 171 169 Blank. Docked with Agena No. 5005; looking toward .Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar. Docked with .'\gena No, 5005; looking toward Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar. Docked with Agena No. 5005; looking toward Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar. Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003 in distance; Spain, Portugal, Morocco, .Straits of Gibraltar. Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003 in distance; .Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar. Docked with Agena No. 5005, .^gena No. 5003 in distance; Algeria, Mediterranean Sea. Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003 in distance; Algeria, Mediterranean Sea. Docked with Agena No. 5005; Algeria, Mediterranean Sea. Docked with Agena No. 5005, .Agena No. 5003 in distance; Tunisia, Libya, Mediterranean Sea. Docked with Agena No. 5005; Libya, Mediterranean .Sea. Docked with Agena No. 5005 ; Spacecraft window showing debris on glass. Docked with Agena No. 5005; spacecraft window showing debris on glass. Docked with .Agena No. 5005; spacecraft window showing debris on glass. Docked with Agena No. 5005; spacecraft window showing debris on glass. Docked with Agena No. 5005; limb near terminator. Docked with Agena No. 5005; underexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; excellent view of .Agena display panel and L-band antenna. Blank. Blank. Blank. Blank. Blank. Blank. Blank. Blank. Green lights on display panel of .Agena No. 5005. Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of .Agena display panel and L-band antenna. Docked to .Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, glow from Agena PPS. Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel. Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel. Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel. Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of .Agena display panel. 292 MAGAZINE 28 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 34 S66-46254 566-46311 12 July 19, 1966 17:49 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 35 S66-46255 S66-46312 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent vievir of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 36 S66-46256 S66-46313 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 37 S66-46257 S66-46314 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 38 S66-46258 S66-463I5 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 39 S66-46259 S66-46316 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 40 S66-46260 S66-46317 12 July 19, 1966 17:50 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 41 S66-46261 S66-46318 12 July 19, 1966 17:51 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 42 S66-46262 S66-46319 12 July 19, 1966 17:51 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 43 S66-46263 S66-46320 12 July 19, 1966 17:51 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel. 44 S66-46264 S66-46321 12 July 19, 1966 17:51 Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed. 45 S66-46265 S66-46322 12 July 19, 1966 17:52 Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed. 46 S66-46266 S66-46323 12 July 19, 1966 18:00 Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young; underexposed. 47 S66-46267 S66-46324 12 July 19, 1966 18:01 Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young; underexposed. 48 S66-46268 S66-46325 12 July 19, 1966 18 01 Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins. 49 S66-46269 S66-46326 12 July 19, 1966 18 02 Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins. 50 S66-46270 S66-46327 12 July 19, 1966 18 02 Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young. 51 S66-46271 S66-46328 12 July 19, 1966 18 03 Inside Gemini X, underexposed. 52 S66-46272 S66-46329 12 July 19, 1966 18 03 Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins. 53 S66-46273 S66-46330 12 July 19, 1966 18 03 Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus. 54 S66-46274 S66-46331 12 July 19, 1966 18 04 Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus. 55 S66-46275 S66-46332 12 July 19, 1966 18 04 Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus. 56 S66-46276 S66-46333 Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed, out of focus. 57 S66-46277 S66-46334 Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of Agena display panel. 58 S66-46278 S66-46335 14 July 19, 1966 20:20 168 Docked to Agena No. 5005; clouds over water. 59 S66-46279 S66-46336 14 July 19, 1966 20:20 168 Docked to Agena No. 5005; clouds over water. 60 S66-46280 S66-46337 14 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 Blank. 61 S66-46281 S66-46338 14 20:06 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005; west coast of Africa in background. 62 S66-46282 S66-46339 14 July 19, 1966 20:06 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa in background. 63 S66-46283 S66-46340 14 July 19, 1966 20:07 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa in background. 64 S66-46284 S66-46341 14 July 19, 1966 20:08 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa in background. 65 S66-46285 S66-46342 14 July 19, 1966 20:09 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast, Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria. 66 S66-46286 S66-46343 14 July 19, 1966 20:11 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; Atlantic coast, Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria. 67 S66-46287 S66-46344 14 July 19, 1966 20:11 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria. 68 S66-46288 S66-46345 14 July 19, 1966 20:12 159 Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast, Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria. 293 MAGAZINE 13 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-46017 S66-46064 Color patch, exposed in laboratory. Color patch, exposed in laboratory. 2 S66-46018 S66-46065 3 S66-46019 S66-46066 Color patch, exposed in laboratory. 4 S66-46020 566^6067 Color patch, exposed in laboratory. Color patch, exposed in laboratory. Color patch, exposed in laboratory. Color patch, exposed during EVA, in its own 5 S66-46021 S66-46068 (3 S66-46022 S66-46069 7 S66-46023 S66-46070 14 July 19, 1966 21:49 shadow ;//8, 1/250 sec. 8 S66-46024 S66-46071 14 July 19, 1966 21:50 Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec. 9 S66-46025 S66-46072 14 July 19, 1966 21:50 Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec. 10 S66-46026 S66-46073 14 July 19, 1966 21:50 Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec. 11 S66-46027 S66-46028 ,S66-46074 S66-46075 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 19, 1966 July 20, 1966 Out of focus. 12 Out of focus. 13 S66-46029 S66-46076 Ocean, clouds. 14 S66-46030 S66-46077 18 02:28 210 Peru, Brazil; Amazon Basin, Ucayali River, Andes with Huascaran Volcano (22 205 ft) in background. 15 S66-46031 S66-46078 18 July 20, 1966 02:28 210 Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River, Andes with Huascaran Volcano (22 205 ft) in background. 16 S66-46032 S66~46079 18 July 20, 1966 02:29 210 Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River, Andes with Huascaran Volcano. (22 205 ft) in background. 17 S66-46033 S66-46080 18 July 20, 1966 02:29 210 Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River, Andes with Huascaran Volcano. (22 205 ft) in background. 18 S66-46034 S66-46081 25 July 20, 1966 15:36 206 Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean foreground, Caribbean Sea background. 19 S66-46035 S66-46082 25 July 20, 1966 15:36 206 Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panana; Pacific Ocean foreground, Caribbean Sea background. 20 S66-46036 S66-46083 25 July 20, 1966 15:36 206 Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean foreground, Caribbean Sea background, stereo with No. 21. 21 S66-46037 S66-46084 25 July 20, 1966 15:36 206 Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean foreground, Caribbean Sea background, stereo with No. 20. 22 S66-46038 S66-46085 26 July 20, 1966 15:51 208 Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area. 23 S66-46039 S66-46086 26 July 20, 1966 15:52 208 Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area. 24 S66-46040 S66-46087 26 July 20, 1966 15:52 208 Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area. 25 S66-46041 S66-46088 26 July 20, 1966 15:54 208 Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain, Portugal in background, Morocco on right. 26 S66-46042 S66-46089 26 July 20, 1966 15:54 208 Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain, Portugal in background, Morocco on right. 27 S66-46043 S66-46090 26 July 20, 1966 15:54 208 Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain, Portugal in background, Morocco on right. 2S S6&~46044 S66-46091 26 July 20, 1966 15:54 208 Vortex clouds near Straits oj Gibraltar; Spain, Portugal in background, Morocco on right. 29 S66-46045 S66-46092 39 July 21, 1966 12:55 199 Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered .Amazon Basin. 30 S66-46046 S66-46093 39 July 21, 1966 12:55 199 Brazil: .Amazonas State; cloud-covered Amazon Basin. 31 S66~46047 S66-46094 39 July 21, 1966 12:56 198 Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered Amazon Basin. 32 S66-46048 S66-46095 39 July 21, 1966 12:56 198 Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered Amazon Basin. 33 S66-46049 S66-46096 39 July 21, 1966 12:56 196 Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: Rio Branco, Serra Pacaraima. 294 MAGAZINE 13 Continued NASA/MS C Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 34 5'(5(5-'?6050 S66-46097 39 July 27, 7966 72:56 796 Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: Rio Branco, Sena Pacaraima. 35 S66-46057 S66-46098 39 July 27, 7966 72:57 796 Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: La Gran Sabana, Orinoco Basin. 36 S66-46052 S66-46099 39 July 27, 7966 72:57 796 Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers, La Gran Sabana. 37 S66-46053 S66-46100 39 July 21, 1966 12:57 196 Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers, La Gran Sabana. 38 S66-46054 $66-46707 39 July 27, 7966 72:57 796 Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers. 39 S66-46055 S66-46102 39 July 21, 1966 12:58 195 Surinam, Guyana: Paramaribo; Atlantic coast. 40 566-46056 866-46703 39 Jufy27, 7966 72:58 794 Surinam, Guyana: Paramaribo; Atlantic coast. 41 S66-46057 S66-46104 39 July 21, 1966 12:58 194 Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana; Paramaribo, Georgetown; Atlantic coast. 42 S66-46058 S66-46105 39 July 21, 1966 12:58 193 Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana: Paramaribo, Atlantic coast. 43 S66-46059 S66-46106 39 July 21, 1966 12:58 193 Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana: Atlantic coast. 44 S66-46060 S66-46107 39 July 21, 1966 13:07 178 Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Port Etienne; Cap Blanc, Dhar Adrar. 45 S66-46061 S66-46108 39 July 21, 1966 13:07 178 Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Villa Cisneros; Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin. 46 S66-46062 S66-46109 39 July 21, 1966 13:09 174 Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin. 47 S66-46063 S66-46770 39 July 27, 7966 73:77 777 Spanisfi Sahara, Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin, Hamada du Dra, Anti-Atlas Mountains. MAGAZINE 14 NASA/MSC. Revolution Date GMT Alt, Frame Color No. B&W No. N. Mi. Area description 1 Blank. 2 Blank, 3 L-band antenna of Agena No. 5005; 4 underexposed. Blank. 5 Blank. 6 Blank. 7 S66-45751 S66-45752 S66-45753 S66-45754 S66-45755 S66-45756 S66-45757 S66-45758 S66-45759 S66-45760 S66-45794 S66-45795 S66-45796 S66-45797 S66-45798 S66-45799 S66-45800 S66-45801 S66-45802 S66-45803 Docked with .Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 8 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 9 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 10 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 11 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 12 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean; 13 slightly overexposed. Docked with Agena No. 5005, clear view of 14 docking adapter. Docked with Agena No. 5005, clear view of 15 docking adapter. Docked with Agena No, 5005, clear view of 16 28 July 20, 1966 20:20 207 docking adapter. Clouds, overexposed. 295 MAGAZINE U Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 17 S66-45761 S66-45804 28 July 20, 1966 20:24 208 Mexico, Texas: Tamaulipas, gulf coast; overexposed. IS S66-45762 S66-45805 28 July 20, 1966 20:24 208 Mexico, Texas: Torreon; Coahuila Bastn, Serrania del Burro, Rio Grande, gulf coast. 19 S66-45763 S66-45806 28 July 20, 1966 20:25 208 Mexico, Texas: Coahuila; .Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra de los Alamitos, Don Martin Reservoir. 20 5'6<5-45764 S66-45807 28 July 20, 1966 20:27 208 Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast from Corpus Christi Bay to Boca San Rafael. 21 S66-45765 S66-45808 28 July 20, 1966 20:27 208 Texas: Gulf coast, Matagordo Bay, mouth of Colorado River. 22 S66-45766 S66-45809 28 July 20, 1966 20:28 208 Texas, Louisiana: Gulf coast from Freeport to Vermilion Bay. 23 S66-45767 S66-45810 28 July 20, 1966 20:28 209 Clouds over Gulf of Mexico. 24 S66-45768 S66-45811 31 July 21, 1966 00:55 Umbilical cord bag discarded; ocean, clouds. 25 S66-45769 S66-45812 31 July 21, 1966 00:55 Umbilical cord bag discarded; ocean, clouds. 26 S66-45770 S66-45813 31 July 21, 1966 00:57 215 Clouds over ocean, door open. 27 S66-45771 .S66-45814 31 July 21, 1966 00:58 Discarded debris, chest pack. 28 S66-45772 S66-45815 31 July 21, 1966 00:59 Open hatch, out of focus. 29 S66-45773 S66-45816 31 July 21, 1966 00:59 Open hatch, out of focus. 30 S66-45774 S66-45817 31 July 21, 1966 01:20 214 Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance. 31 S66-45775 S66-45818 31 July 21, 1966 01:20 214 Clouds, ocean. 32 S66-45776 S66-45819 31 July 21, 1966 01:20 214 Clouds, ocean. 33 S66-45777 S66-45820 31 July 21, 1966 01:20 214 Clouds, ocean. 34 S66-45778 .S66-45821 31 July 21, 1966 01:21 214 Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance. 35 S66-45779 .S66-45822 31 July 21, 1966 01:21 214 Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance. 36 S66-45780 S66-45823 31 July 21, 1966 01:21 214 Clouds, ocean; .Agena No. 5005 in distance. 37 S66-45781 S66-45824 31 July 21, 1966 01:21 214 Docking bar against sky. 38 S66-45782 S6&-45825 32 July 21, 1966 02:14 200 Indonesia: Sumatra, Simeulue, Nias Islands. 39 S66-45783 S66-45826 32 July 21, 1966 02:15 200 Indonesia: Sumatra, Simeulue Islands. 40 S66-45784 S66-45827 32 July 21, 1966 02:15 200 Indonesia: Sumatra, Nias, Batu Islands, Mentawai Archipelago. 41 S6&-45785 S66-45828 32 July 21, 1966 02: 15 199 Indonesia: Sumatra (Padang), .Mentawai Archipelago. 42 S66-45786 S66-45829 32 July 21, 1966 02:15 199 Indonesia: Nias Island, Mentawai .Archipelago. 43 S66-45787 S66-45830 32 July 21, 1966 02: 16 198 Indonesia: Sumatra, .Mentawai Archipelago. 44 S66-45788 .S66-45831 32 July 21, 1966 02:16 198 Indonesia: Sumatra, Nias Island, Mentawai Archipelago. 45 S66-45789 S66-45832 32 July 21, 1966 02:16 197 Indonesia: Sumatra (Padang), Mentawai Archipelago. 46 S66-45790 S66-45833 32 July 21, 1966 02:16 197 Indonesia: Sumatra, Mentawai Archipelago. 47 S6&'45791 S66-45834 32 July 21, 1966 02: 17 196 Indonesia, Malaysia: Sumatra, Malaya (.Malacca): Strait of Malacca. 48 S66-45792 S66-45835 32 July 21, 1966 02:18 195 Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur; Strait of Malacca; southernmost Thailand beneath clouds in background. 49 S66-45793 S66-45836 32 July 21, 1966 02:18 193 Anambas Islands, South China .Sea. 296 MAGAZINE 11 NASA /MSC. Revolution Date GMT Alt, Frame Color No. B&W No. N. Mi. 1 2 S(i(i-4'i837 S66-45883 32 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 27, 1966 3 S66-45838 S66-45884 32 4 S66-45839 S66-45885 32 5 S66-45840 S66-45886 32 6 S6&-45841 S66-45S87 32 02:38 161 1 S66-45842 S66-45888 32 July 21, 1966 02:39 161 8 S66-45843 S66-45889 32 July 21, 1966 02:39 161 P S6&-45S44 S66-45890 32 July 21, 7966 02:39 161 10 S66-45845 S66-45891 32 July 21, 1966 02:39 161 11 S66-45846 S66-45892 33 July 21, 1966 03:44 202 12 S66-45847 S66-45893 33 July 21, 1966 03:46 201 13 S66-45848 S66-45894 33 July 21, 1966 03:47 200 14 S66-45849 S66-45895 ii July 21, 1966 03:47 200 15 S66-45850 S66-45896 33 July 21, 1966 03:47 198 16 366-43851 S66-45897 33 July 21, 1966 03:48 198 17 S66-45852 S66-45898 33 July 21, 1966 03:48 196 18 S66-45853 S66-45899 33 July 21, 1966 03:49 196 19 S66-45854 S66-45900 33 July 21, 1966 03:49 195 20 S66-45855 S66-45901 33 July 21, 1966 03:49 195 21 S66-45856 S66-45902 33 July 21, 1966 03:49 193 22 S66-45857 S66-45903 33 July 21, 1966 03:50 192 23 S66-45858 S66-45904 33 July 21, 1966 03:50 191 24 S66-45859 S66-45905 33 July 21, 1966 03:51 190 25 S66-45S60 S66-45906 33 July 21, 1966 03:57 178 26 S66-45861 S66-45907 33 July 21, 1966 03:57 178 27 S66-45862 S66-45908 33 July 21, 1966 03:57 177 28 S66-45863 S66-45909 33 July 21, 1966 03:58 177 29 S66-45864 S66-45910 33 July 21, 1966 03:58 177 30 S66-45865 S66-45911 33 July 21, 1966 03:58 176 J7 S66~45866 S66-45912 33 July 21, 1966 03:59 176 32 S66-45867 S66-45913 33 July 21, 1966 03:59 176 33 S66-45868 S66-45914 33 July 21, 1966 04:00 176 34 S66-45869 S66-45915 33 July 21, 1966 04:03 170 35 S66-45870 S66-45916 33 July 21, 1966 04:03 170 36 S66-45871 S66-45917 33 July 21, 1966 04:04 169 37 S66-45872 S66-45918 33 July 21, 1966 04:04 168 38 S66-45873 S66-45919 33 July 21, 1966 04:04 168 39 S66-45874 S66-45920 33 July 21, 1966 04:04 167 Area description Clouds-horizon-sky; overexposed. Spacecraft nose; underexposed. Spacecraft nose; underexposed. Clouds, ocean. Clouds, ocean. Clouds, ocean, west oj Midway Island. Midway Island, Kure Island. Midway Island, Kure Island. Pearl and Hermes Reef. Pearl and Hermes Reef. Chagos Archipelago: Egmont Islands, Three Brothers; Indian Ocean, clouds. Chagos .\rchipelago: Egmont Islands, Three Brothers; Diego Garcia; Indian Ocean, clouds. Chagos Archipelago: Egmont Islands, Three Brothers, Diego Garcia; Indian Ocean, clouds. Chagos Archipelago: Diego Garcia, Blenheim Reef; Indian Ocean, clouds. Maldive Islands: Suvadiva and .Addu Atolls; Indian Ocean, clouds. .Maldive Islands: Suvadiva and .iddu .itolls; Indian Ocean, clouds. Maldive Islands: Nilandu, Kolamadulu, Haddummati, Suvadiva, Addu ."VtoUs; Indian Ocean, clouds. .Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati, J^ilandu, Suvadiva, Addu .-{tolls; Indian Ocean, clouds. Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati, Suvadiva, Addu .\tolls; Indian Ocean, clouds. Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati, Suvadiva, Addu Atolls; Indian Ocean, clouds. Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean. Clouds streaks over Indian Ocean, Maldive Islands in background. Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean. Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean, Maldive Islands in background. China, Taiwan: Formosa Strait. China, Taiwan: Formosa Strait. China: Fukien, Chekiang, Kwangtung Provinces. China: Fukien, Kwangtung, Hunan, Kiangsi, Hupeh Provinces; lakes on Yangtze River. China, Taiwan: Fukien Province; Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands. China: Fukien, Chekiang Provinces; Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands. China (Fukien Province), Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands. China (Fukien Province), Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands. Taiwan: Kaohsiung, south half of island. Ryukya Islands: Sakishima Gunto group. Daito Islands: Kita Daitojima. Daito Islands: Kita Daito Jinia. Ocean, clouds. Parece Vela (Douglas) Reef: ocean, clouds. Ocean, clouds, sea mount. 297 MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSC. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 40 S66-45875 S66-45921 33 July 21, 1966 04:05 167 Ocean, clouds. 41 S66-45876 S66-45922 33 July 21, 1966 04:05 166 Ocean, clouds. 42 S66-45877 S66-45923 34 July 21, 1966 05:16 200 East Africa coastline; Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types. 43 S66-45878 S66-45924 34 July 21, 1966 05: 17 200 East Africa coastline; Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types. 44 S66-45879 S66-45925 34 July 21, 1966 05:17 199 Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types. 45 S66-45880 S66-45926 34 July 21, 1966 05:18 199 Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types. 46 S66-45881 S66-45927 34 July 21, 1966 05:18 198 Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types. 47 S66-45882 S66-45928 34 July 21, 1966 05:19 198 Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several tpyes. MAGAZINE 12 NASA/MSC. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-45929 866-45973 34 July 21, 1966 05:30 176 China, North Vietnam, cloudy. 2 Blank. 3 S66-45930 866-45974 34 July 21, 1966 05:30 176 China, North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy. 4 S66-45931 866-45975 34 July 21, 1966 05:32 175 China, North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy. 5 S66-45932 S66-45976 34 July 21, 1966 05:32 174 North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy. 6 S66-45933 866-45977 34 July 21, 1966 05:32 174 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Hanoi, Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin. 7 S66-45934 866-45978 34 July 21, 1966 05:33 173 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Red River. 8 S66-45935 866-45979 34 July 21, 1966 05:33 173 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Hanoi, Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin, South Vietnam on horizon. 9 S66-45936 866-45980 34 July 21, 1966 05:33 172 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin. 10 S66-45937 866-45981 34 July 21, 1966 05:33 172 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Song Gam River. 11 S66-45938 866-45982 34 July 21, 1966 05:34 172 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Song Gam River. 12 S66-45939 866-45983 34 July 21, 1966 05:34 171 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Siang River. 13 866-45940 866-45984 34 July 21, 1966 05:34 171 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam, South Vietnam (background): Hanoi, Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin. 14 S66-45941 S66-45985 34 July 21, 1966 05:35 170 China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam: Siang River, Gulf of Tonkin. 15 S66-45942 866-45986 34 July 21, 1966 05:35 169 China: Kwangsi Province, Nan-ning; Yu River. 16 866-45943 866-45987 34 July 21, 1966 05:36 168 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces: South China Sea coast. 17 866-45944 866-45988 34 July 21, 1966 05:36 168 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South China Sea coast. 18 366-45943 S66-45989 34 July 21, 1966 05:36 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South China Sea coast. 19 S66-45946 866-45990 34 July 21, 1966 05:36 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South China Sea coast. 20 S66-45947 S66-45991 34 July 21, 1966 05:36 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces; South China Sea coast. 21 866-45948 866-45992 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 167 China: Kwangtung, Kwangsi Provinces; Hsi River. 22 Blank. 23 866-45949 866-45993 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces, .South China Sea coast. 24 866-45950 866-45994 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces; Quenioy, South China Sea coast. 298 MAGAZINE 12 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 25 S66-45951 S66-45995 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 167 China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces; Quemoy, South China Sea coast. 26 S66-45952 S66-45996 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 166 China (Kwangtung, Fukien Provinces), Taiwan; Quemoy, Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands. 27 S66-45953 S66-45997 34 July 21, 1966 05:37 166 China: Fukien Province: Quemoy, South China Sea coast. 28 S66-45954 S66-45998 34 July 21, 1966 05:38 166 Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands, Pacific Ocean, clouds. 29 S66-45955 S66-45999 34 July 21, 1966 05:38 166 Taiwan, China (Fukien Province) : Formosa Strait, Quemoy, Pescadores Islands. 30 S66-45956 S66-46000 34 July 27, 1966 05:38 765 Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands, Pacific Ocean, clouds. 31 S66-45957 S66-46001 34 July 21, 1966 05:38 165 China: Fukien, Kiangsi, Chekiang Provinces; P'oyang and Tungt'ing Lakes on Yangtze River. 32 S66-45958 S66-46002 34 July 21, 7966 05:38 765 China: Fukien, Kiangsi, Chekiang Provinces; P^oyang and Tungt'ing Lakes on Tangtzs River. 33 S66-45959 S66-46003 34 July 21, 1966 05:39 164 Taiwan, China coast (Fukien Province): Formosa Strait. 34 Blank. 35 S66-45960 S66-46004 34 July 27, 7966 05:39 764 China: Chekiang Province; mouth oj Yangtze River, Hangchou Bay. 36 S66-45961 S66-46005 34 July 21, 1966 05:39 164 China: Chekiang Province; mouth of Yangtze River, Hangchou Bay. 37 S66-45962 S66-46006 34 July 21, 1966 05:39 164 China: Chekiang, Kiangsu Provinces, Shanghai; Hangchou Bay. 38 S66 45963 S66-46n07 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 Double exposure. Ocean, clouds. 39 S66 45964 S66-46008 40 S66-45965 S66-46009 Ocean, clouds. 41 S66 45966 S66-46010 Ocean, clouds. 42 S66 45967 S66-46011 Ocean, clouds. 43 Blank. 44 S66-45968 S66-45969 S66-45970 .S66 45971 S66-46012 S66-46013 S66-46014 S66-46015 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 July 21, 1966 Ocean, clouds near terminator. 45 Ocean, clouds, near terminator. 46 Ocean, clouds, near terminator. 47 Ocean, clouds, near terminator. 48 S66-45972 S66-46016 39 12:52 204 Peru, Brazil: Rio Ucayali, Cordillera Oriental; road to Pucallpas visible. GEMINI XI MAGAZINE 11 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-54888 S66-54845 Sept. 12, 1966 16:02 Agena, docking end and side; range, 60 ft. 2 S66-54889 866-54846 Sept. 12, 1966 16:02 Agena, docking end; range, 60 ft. 3 S66-54890 S66-54847 Sept. 12, 1966 16:05 Agena, side view; range, 25 ft. 4 S66-54891 S66-54848 Sept. 12, 1966 16:08 Agena, side view; range, 35 ft. 5 S66-54892 S66-54849 Sept. 12, 1966 16:10 Agena, side view; range, 75 ft. 6 S66-54893 S66-54850 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:24 225 United Arab Republic, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Jordon, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq: fire on Trans-Arabian pipeline. 7 S66 54894 S66-54851 '6 Sept. 14, Sept. 74 1966 Blank. 8 S66-54895 S66-54852 26 7966 07:26 249 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: Lunayyir lava field, northern Red Sea. 9 S66-54896 S66-54853 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:28 290 Saudi Arabia: Near Ar Riyad. 10 S66-54897 S66-54854 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:29 298 Saudi .Arabia, Trucial States, Oman and Muscat: Empty Quarter, Iran, West Pakistan in background. 299 MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 11 S66-54898 866-54855 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:29 306 Arabian Sea: West Pakistan, India in background. 12 S66-54899 866-54856 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:29 Image degraded because of window obscuration. 13 S66-54900 866-54857 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:33 365 India: Gulfof Kutch, Gulf of Cambay. 14 S66-54901 S66-54858 26 .Sept. 14, 1966 07:35 396 India, Ceylon: Laccadive Islands, Arabian Sea. 15 S66-54902 866-54859 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:36 420 India: Mysore, Pradesh, Madras and Kerala States. 16 S66-54903 866-54860 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 435 India: central and northern portions; Tibet on horizon. n S66-54904 S66-54S67 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 438 India, south from Hyderabad, part oj Ceylon: Bay of Bengal. 18 S66-54905 866-54862 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 440 India, South from Hyderabad, part of Ceylon: Bay of Bengal. 19 S66-54906 866-54863 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 444 India, southern and eastern portion, part of Ceylon: Bay of Bengal, Himalayas, Tibet on horizon. 20 S66-54907 866-54864 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:39 485 Indian Ocean; Clouds. 21 S66-54908 866-54865 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:39 492 Indian Ocean: Clouds. 22 S66-54909 866-54866 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:44 553 Sumatra, Malaya: Clouds. 23 S66-54910 866-54867 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:44 563 Sumatra, Malaya: Clouds. 24 S66-549n S66-54868 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:46 596 Sumatra, Java, Borneo: Clouds. 25 S66-54912 866-54869 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:47 607 Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes: Clouds. 26 S66-54913 866-54870 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:47 612 Sumatra, Java, Borneo: Clouds. 27 S66-54914 866-54871 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:48 620 Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes: clouds. 28 S66-54915 866-54872 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:48 628 Java, Bali, Lombok. 29 866-54916 866-54873 26 Sept, 14, 1966 07:49 638 Java, Bali, Lombok. 30 S66-54917 866-54874 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:49 648 Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa. 31 S66-54918 S66-54S75 26 Sept. 74, 1966 07:53 682 Western Australia: Eighty Alile Beach to Admiralty Gulf; Great Sandy Desert. 32 S66-54919 866-54876 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:53 684 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great Sandy Desert. 33 S66-54920 866-54877 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:53 686 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great Sandy Desert. 34 366-54921 866-54878 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:53 688 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great Sandy Desert. 35 866-54922 S66-54879 26 Sept. 14, 1966 Sept. 14, 1966 Blank. 36 866-54923 S66-54880 26 07:53 690 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great Sandy Desert. 37 S6&'54924 S66-54881 26 Sepl. 14, 1966 07:54 691 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great Sandy Desert. 38 S66-54925 S66-54882 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:54 694 Western Australia, Northern Territory: King Sound to Gulf of Carpentaria. 39 866-54926 866-54883 26 .Sept. 14, 1966 07:54 697 Timor Sea, Indonesian Islands, Timor to Java, Borneo and Celebes: Scott Reef, Bonaparte Archipelago; clouds. 40 866-54927 866-54884 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:55 699 Western Australia, Northern Territory: Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau. 41 S66-54928 866-54885 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:55 701 Western Australia, Northern Territory: Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau. 42 S66-54929 866-54886 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:55 703 Western Australia, Northern Territory: Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau. 43 866-54930 866-54887 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:55 704 Western Australia, Northern Territory: King Sound to Van Diemen Gulf; Kimberley Plateau. 300 MAGAZINE 8 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-54652 S66-54589 16 Sept. 13, 1966 16:27 Inside spacecraft, Lt. Comdr. Gordon's hand, helmet; hatch open preparing for used equipment jettison. 2 S66-54653 S66-54590 16 Sept. 13, 1966 16:27 Inside spacecraft, hatch open; Lt. Comdr. Gordon prepares for used equipment jettison. 3 S66-54654 S66-54591 16 Sept. 13, 1966 16:27 Inside spacecraft, hatch open; Lt. Comdr. Gordon prepares for used equipment jettison. 4 S66-54655 S66-54656 S66-54592 S66-54593 Sept. 13, 1966 Sept. 13, 1966 Blank. 5 16 16:29 Agena, nose of Gemini through open hatch. 6 S66-54657 S66-54594 16 Sept. 13, 1966 16:29 Tether Hne, patch on Lt. Comdr. Gordon's shoulder, through open hatch. 7 S66-54658 S66-54659 S66-54595 S66-54596 Sept. 13, 1966 Sept. 13, 1966 Blank. 8 18 18:25 L-band antenna, overexposed. 9 S66-54660 S66-54597 18 Sept. 13, 1966 18:25 L-band antenna, overexposed. 10 S66-54661 S66-54598 18 Sept. 13, 1966 18:25 L-band antenna, overexposed. 11 S66-54662 S66-54599 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:24 231 United .'\rab Republic, Israel, Jordan: Nile Valley, Sinai Peninsula; image degraded because of window obscuration. 12 S66-54663 S66-54600 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:25 237 United Arab Republic, Saudi .\rabia, Israel, Jordan: Nile Valley, Red Sea; image degraded because of window obscuration. 13 S66-54664 S66-54601 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:26 257 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Jordan: Foul Bay, Al Hijaz area. 14 S66-54665 S66-54602 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:28 288 Saudi Arabia: Mecca, Medina; Nafud Desert, fire on Trans-Arabian pipeline. 15 S66-54666 S66-54603 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:29 296 Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran: Empty Quarter; image degraded because of window obscuration. 16 S66-54667 S66-54604 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:29 307 Saudi Arabia, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman: Iran and West Pakistan in background; image degraded because of window obscuration. 17 S66-54668 S66-54605 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:30 315 Saudi Arabia, Muscat and Oman: Iran, West Pakistan in background. 18 S66-54669 S66-54606 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:30 318 Saudi Arabia, Muscat and Oman: Iran, West Pakistan, India in background. 19 S66-54670 S66-54607 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:32 343 Muscat and Oman: Arabian Sea; Iran, West Pakistan, India in background. 20 S66-54671 S66-54608 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:33 370 Arabian Sea, West Pakistan, India: Indus valley, Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Cambay. 21 S66-54672 S66-54609 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:34 387 Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon. 22 S66-54673 S66-54610 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:35 405 Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon. 23 S66-54674 S66-54611 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:36 417 Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal. 24 S66-54675 S66-54612 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:36 423 India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal. 25 S66-54676 S66-54613 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:36 429 India, Ceylon, .\rabian Sea, Bay of Bengal. 26 S66-54677 S66-54614 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 441 India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal. 27 S6&-54678 566-54615 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:37 448 India, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal. 28 S66-54679 S66-54616 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:38 454 India, Ceylon: Image degraded because of window obscuration. 29 S66-54680 S66-54617 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:38 460 India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal: Image degraded because of window obscuration. 30 S66-54681 566-54618 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:39 480 Ceylon, Indian Ocean, Sumatra: Southeast Asia on horizon. 31 S66-54682 S66-54619 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:40 489 Southwest tip of Ceylon, Indian Ocean, Sumatra: Southeast Asia on horizon. 32 S66-54683 S66-54620 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:41 502 Indian Ocean, Sumatra. 33 S66-54684 S66-54621 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:42 520 Indian Ocean, Sumatra. 301 MAGAZINE 8 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 34 S66-54685 S66-54622 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:43 537 Sumatra, Java: Borneo on horizon. 35 S66-54686 S66-54623 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:44 553 Sumatra, Java: Borneo on horizon. 36 S66-54687 S66-54624 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07;45 569 Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 37 S66-54688 866-54625 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:46 585 Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 38 39 S66-54689 S66-54690 S66-54626 866-54627 26 26 Sept. 14, 1966 Sept. 14, 1966 07:47 07:48 600 614 Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Sumatra, Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes. 40 S66-54691 S66-5462S 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:48 623 Sumatra, Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes. 41 S66-54692 866-54629 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:49 633 Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory. 42 366-54693 866-54630 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:50 641 Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, 43 S66-54694 866-54631 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:51 657 tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory. Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory. 44 S66-54695 866-54632 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:52 669 Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Western Australia, Northern Territory. 45 S66-54696 866-54633 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:52 674 Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, 46 S66-54697 866-54634 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:52 678 Western Australia, Northern Territory. Western Australia, Northern Territory: Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes, Bali-to-Timor chain in background. 47 S66-54698 866-54635 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:53 681 Western Australia, Northern Territory: Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes, 48 S66-54699 866-54636 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:53 685 Bali-to-Timor chain in background. Western Australia, Northern Territory: Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes, 49 S66-54700 S66-54637 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07.- 54 693 Bali-to-Timor chain in background. Western Australia, .Northern Territory: Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes, Sumba-to-Timor 50 S66-54701 866-54638 lb Sept. 14, 1966 07:54 696 chain in background. Western Australia, Northern Territory, Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes, 51 S66-54702 866-54639 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:57 720 Sumba-to-Timor chain in background. Out of focus because of window obscuration. 52 S66-54703 866-54640 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:58 111 Australia: western half, Perth to Darwin. 53 S66-54704 866-54641 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:58 11\ Australia: western half, Perth to Darwin. 54 S66-54705 866-54642 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:58 lib Australia: northwest quarter, Broome to 55 S66-54706 866-54643 26 Sept. 14, 1966 07:59 Hi Gulf of Carpentaria. .■\ustralia: western half, Perth to 56 S66-54707 866-54644 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:04 740 Gulf of Carpentaria. Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 57 S66-54708 866-54645 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:04 740 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 58 S66-54709 866-54646 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:05 740 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 59 S66-54710 866-54647 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:05 741 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of .Australia. 60 866-54711 866-54648 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:06 741 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 61 S66-54712 S66-54649 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:06 741.5 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of 62 866-54713 866-54650 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:06 741 Australia; record high apogee. Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 63 866-54714 866-54651 26 Sept. 14, 1966 08:07 741 Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of Australia. 302 MAGAZINE 10 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 7 S66-54764 S66-54715 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:02 186 Morocco, IJni: Agadir; Cape Rhir, Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains. 2 S66-54765 S66-54716 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:02 190 Morocco, Ifni, Algeria: Agadir, Cape Rhir, Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains. 3 S66-54766 S66-54717 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:03 195 Morocco, Algeria: Hamada du Dra, Erg Iguidi, Anti-Atlas Mountains. 4 S66-54767 S66-54718 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:03 202 Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg er Raoui, Oued Saoura. 5 S66-54768 S66-54719 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:04 206 Algeria: Erg Chech, Oued Saoura, Tademait Plateau. 6 S66-54769 S66-54720 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:04 212 Algeria: ,\m Salah; Erg Chech, Tademait Plateau, Tidikelt region. 7 S66-54770 S66-54721 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:05 219 Algeria: Ain Salah; Tademait Plateau, Tidikelt region. 8 S66-54771 S66-54722 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:05 223 Algeria; Tidikelt region, Ajjer Plateau, Irrarene Dunes. 9 S66-54772 S66-54723 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:05 231 Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Irrarere Dunes, Telu Basalt. 10 S66-54773 S66-54724 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:06 237 Algeria, Libya: Ghat; Ajjer Plateau, Mellet Plateau. 11 S66-54774 S66-54725 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:06 246 Algeria, Libya: Ghat; Ajjer Plateau, Mellet Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain. 12 S66-54775 S66-54726 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:09 274 Libya: Northern Tibesti Mountains, Rebiana Sand Sea, Jebel Tarhuni. 13 S66-54776 S66-54727 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:11 302 Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan: Libyan Desert, Jebel Arkenu, Jebel Uweinat, Gilf Kebir Plateau. 14 S66-54777 S66-54728 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:12 321 United Arab Republic, Sudan: Dongola, Wadi Haifa; Great Bend of the Nile River, Nubian Desert. 15 S66-54778 S66-54729 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:13 331 United Arab Republic, Sudan: Dongola, Wadi Haifa, Merowe; Great Bend of the Nile River, Nubian Desert, Dungunab Bay on Red Sea. 16 S66-54779 S66-54730 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:13 347 Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Atbara, Port Sudan, Kassala; Nile and Atbara Rivers, Red Sea. 17 S66-54780 S66-54731 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:14 355 Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Kassala, -Asmara; Atbara River, Red Sea, Dahlak .Archipelago, Farasan Islands. 18 S66-54781 S66-54732 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:15 362 Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: Kassala, Asmara; Red Sea, Dahlak .^rchipelego, Farasan Islands. 19 S66-54782 S66-54733 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:15 374 Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: Asmara, Assab; Red Sea, Dahlak Archipelago, Farasan Islands. 20 S66-54783 S66-54734 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09: 16 392 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Temen, South Arabia: Assab, Djibouti, .Aden; Lake Abbe, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Mandab Gate. 21 S66-54784 S66-54735 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:17 403 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Yemen, South Arabia: Djibouti, Berbera, Aden; Mandab Gate, Gulf of Aden. 22 S66-54785 S66-54736 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:17 418 Ethiopia, Somali Republic, South Arabia: Gulf of Aden, Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean. 23 S66-54786 S66-54737 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:18 433 Ethiopia, Somali Republic: Gulf of Aden, Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean. 24 S66-54787 S66-54738 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:19 455 Indian Ocean, clouds. 25 S66-54788 S66-54739 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:20 470 Indian Ocean, clouds. 26 S66-54789 S66-54740 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:22 502 Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds. 27 S66-54790 S66-54741 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:22 510 Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds. 28 S66-54791 S66-54742 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:23 521 Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds. 303 MAGAZINE 10 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 29 S66-54792 866-54743 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:23 530 Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean, coast of India; clouds. 30 S66-547Q3 S66-54744 27 Sept. 14 1966 09:24 538 Maldive Islands, India, Ceylon, Indian Ocean; clouds. 31 866-54794 866-54745 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:24 547 Maldive Islands, India, Ceylon, Indian Ocean; clouds. 32 S66-54795 866-54746 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:33 670 Clouds over Indian Ocean. 33 S66-54796 866-54747 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:34 678 Clouds over Indian Ocean. 34 S66-54797 866-54748 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:35 690 Clouds over Indian Ocean. 35 S66-54798 866-54749 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:36 696 Clouds over Indian Ocean. 36 S66-54799 S66-54750 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:37 705 Clouds over Indian Ocean; west coast of .Australia on horizon. 37 S66-54800 866-54751 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:40 725 Australia: west coast, North West Cape and Shark Bay; clouds over Indian Ocean. 38 S66-54801 866-54752 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:42 734 Terminator in eastern Australia. 39 40 .S6fi 54802 866-54753 31 Sept. 14, Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background. Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background. S66-54803 866-54754 31 1966 41 S66-54804 866-54755 31 Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background. 42 S66-54805 866-54756 31 Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini; sunlit cloud tops, background. 43 .S6fi 54806 866-54757 31 .Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini, TD.-\ down; Pacific Ocean off" Mexico, clouds. 44 S66-54807 866-54758 31 Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini, TDA down; Pacific Ocean off Mexcio, clouds. 45 S66-54808 866-54759 31 Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini, TDA down; Pacific Ocean off Mexico, clouds. 46 S66-54809 866-54760 31 .Sept. 14, 1966 Agena tethered to Gemini, TD.^ down; Pacific Ocean off Mexico, clouds. 47 S66-54810 866-54761 31 Sept. 14, 1966 16:48 157 Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico: Gulf of California, Baja California at La Paz, Sinaloa near Los Mochis. 48 S66-54811 866-54762 31 Sept. 14, 1966 16:50 157 .Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico; Fresnillo, Zacatecas area. 49 S66-54812 866-54763 31 Sept. 14, 1966 16:50 157 Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico; Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes area. MAGAZINE 9 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 Blank. 2 866-54523 866-54457 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:03 201 .•Mgeria, Morocco, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi, Atlas Mountains; image degraded because of window obscuration. 3 866-54524 866-54458 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:05 218 Algeria: Tidikelt region, Tademait Plateau, Grand Erg Occidental; image degraded because of window obscuration. 4 S66-54525 S66-54459 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:06 236 Algeria, Libya, Niger, Chad: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain, the Black Haruj; Gulf of Sirte in background. 5 866-54526 866-54460 11 Sept. 14, 1966 09:06 239 Libya, Niger, Chad: .^jjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain, The Black Haruj, Gulf of Sirte in background. 6 S66-54527 S66-54461 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:07 250 Libya, Niger, Chad: Marzuq Sand Plain, The Black Haruj, Tibesti Mountains, Mediterranean coast in background. 7 866-54528 866-54462 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:09 272 Libya, Chad, United Arab Republic, Sudan: Northern Tibesti Mountains, sand seas and gravel plains of eastern Sahara. 304 MAGAZINE 9 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 8 S66-54529 S66-54463 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:10 285 Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan: sand seas and 9 S66-54530 S66-54464 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:11 307 gravel plains of eastern Sahara. United Arab Republic, Sudan: Western Desert, Nile River, Red Sea; Saudi Arabia in 10 S66-54531 S66-54465 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:12 327 background. United .Arab Republic, Sudan: Nile River, Nubian Desert, Red Sea; Saudi Arabia in background. 11 S66-54532 S66-54466 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09;13 341 Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Lake Tana, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 12 566-5453J S66-54467 27 Sept. 14 1966 09:14 353 Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Temen, South Arabia: Lake Tana, 13 S66-54534 S66-54468 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:14 357 Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Lake Tana, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 14 S66-54535 S66-54469 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:15 368 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 15 S66-54536 S66-54470 27 Sept. 14 1966 09:15 379 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Temen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 16 S66-54537 S66-54471 27 Sept. 14 1966 09:16 385 Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden. 17 S66-54638 S66-54472 27 Sept. 14 1966 09:17 408 Ethiopia, Somali Republic, Saudi .irabia. South Arabia: Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. 18 S66-54539 S66-54473 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:18 421 Ethiopia, Somali Republic, South Arabia: Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. 19 S66-54540 S66-54474 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:21 473 Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, tip of India and 20 S66-54541 S66-54475 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:22 487 Ceylon on horizon. Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon, Maldive Islands. 21 S66-54542 S66-54476 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:22 495 Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon, Maldive Islands. 22 S66-54543 S66-54477 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:23 504 Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon, Maldive Islands. 23 S66-54544 S66-54478 27 Sept. 14 7966 09:23 572 Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon, Maldive Islands. 24 S66-54545 S66-54479 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:24 516 Indian Ocean, Ceylon. 25 S66-54546 S66-54480 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:35 681 Indian Ocean, west of Australia. 26 S66-54547 S66-54481 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:36 688 Indian Ocean, west of Australia. 27 S66-54548 S66-54482 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:37 693 Indian Ocean, west of Australia. 28 S66-54549 S66-54483 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:38 699 Indian Ocean, western Australia on horizon. 29 S66-54550 S66-54484 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:38 707 Indian Ocean, western Australia; Northwest 30 S66-54551 S66-54485 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:39 715 Cape on horizon. Indian Ocean, western Australia; Northwest Cape on horizon. 31 S66-54552 S66-54486 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:40 726 Indian Ocean, Western Australia; Shark Bay in 32 S66-54553 S66-54487 27 Sept. 14, 1966 09:40 730 background. Indian Ocean, Western Australia; Shark Bay in 33 S66-54554 S66-54488 29 Sept. 14, 1966 12:57 background. Standup EVA, hatch open; L-band antenna, hatch door, 70-mm (Blue) Maurer, UV camera. 34 S66-54555 S66-54489 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:02 Standup EVA, hatch open; docked Agena clearly seen. 35 S66-54556 S66-54490 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:38 156 Clouds over Mexico at sunrise. 36 S66-54557 S66-54491 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:38 156 Clouds over Mexico at sunrise. 305 MAGAZINE 9 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 37 S66-54558 S66-54492 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:38 156 Texas, Mexico: Rio Grande, Big Bend area, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, gulf coast; near sunrise, dark. 38 S66-54559 S66-54493 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:39 156 Texas, Mexico: Del Rio to Corpus Christi, gulf coast to New Orleans; near sunrise, dark. 39 S66-34560 S66-54494 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:40 156 Texas, gulj coast: San Antonio Bay to Mobile, Galveston Bay, Houston; industrial smoke, contrails. 40 S66-54561 S66-54495 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:40 156 Texas, Louisiana, gulf coast: Galveston to Mobile, Houston, Beaumont, Mississippi Delta. 41 S66-54562 S66-54496 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:41 156 Louisiana, Alabama: gulf coast. White Lake to Mobile, New Orleans, mouth of Mississippi. 42 S66-54563 S66-54497 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:42 156 Louisiana, Alabama, Florida: gulf coast, Grand Isle to Apalachicola, New Orleans, mouth of Mississippi. 43 S66-54564 S66-54498 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:42 157 Florida: Gulf coast and .Atlantic coast, north of Tampa; image blurred. 44 S66-54565 S66-54499 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:43 157 Florida, Georgia: Gulf and Atlantic coasts, from Sarasota-Fort Pierce to north of Jacksonville; clouds, dark. 45 S66-54566 S66-54500 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:43 157 Florida, Georgia: Gulf and Atlantic coasts, from Sarasota-Fort Pierce to north of Jacksonville; clouds, dark. 46 S66-54567 S66-54501 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:43 157 Florida, Georgia: Gulf and .Atlantic coasts from Tampa-Fort Pierce to north of Jacksonville; clouds, dark. 47 S66-54568 S66-54502 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:43 157 Florida: Tampa-Fort Pierce-Jacksonville; clouds, dark. 48 S66-54569 S66-54503 29 Sept. 14, 1966 13:44 157 Florida: Cape Kennedy; very dark, last photo taken during standup EVA. 49 S66-54570 S66-54504 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:12 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; ocean, clouds, atolls. 30 S66-54577 S66-54505 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:12 Agena tethered to Gemini .XI; ocean, clouds, atolls. 51 S66-54572 S66-54506 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:22 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 52 S66-54573 S66-54507 32 .Sept. 14, 1966 18:22 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 53 S66-54574 S66-54508 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:23 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 54 S66-54575 S66-54509 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:23 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 55 S66-54576 S66-54510 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:24 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 56 S66-54577 S66-54511 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:24 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky bakcground. 57 S66-54578 S66-54512 32 Sept. 14, 1966 18:25 Agena tethered to Gemini XI; black sky background. 58 S66-54579 S66-54513 33 Sept. 14, 1966 19:52 Agena (side view), tether line loose; range, 65 ft. 59 S66-54580 S66-54514 33 Sept. 14, 1966 19:53 Agena (side view), tether line loose; range, 75 ft. 60 S66-54581 S66-54515 34 Sept. 14, 1966 21:12 156 Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan. 61 S66-54582 S66-54516 42 Sept. 15, 1966 09:13 Agena, sky background; range, 250 ft; rerendezvous sequence. 62 S66-54583 S66-54517 42 Sept. 15, 1966 09:14 Agena, sky background; range, 300 ft; out of focus. 63 S66-54584 S66-54518 42 Sept. 15, 1966 09:17 Agena, docking cone end, tether line loose; range, 90 ft; Lake Chad, Chari River in background. 64 S66-54585 S66-54519 ■42 Sept. 15, 1966 09:20 Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 80 ft; over East Africa. 306 MAGAZINE 9 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 65 66 67 S66-54586 S66-54587 S66-54588 S66-54520 S66-54521 S66-54522 42 42 42 Sept. 15, 1966 Sept. 15, 1966 Sept. 15, 1966 09:21 09;22 09:22 Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 90 ft; over East Africa. Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 95 ft; over East Africa. Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 100 ft; over East Africa. MAGAZINE 12 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-54829 S66-54813 33 Sept. 14, 1966 19:51 Agena on tether line. 2 S66-54830 S66-54814 33 Sept. 14, 1966 19:53 Agena at time of tether drop; range, 50 ft. 3 S66-54831 S66-54815 34 Sept. 14, 1966 20:14 165 Peru: Fog-shrouded coastline from Punta Chala to Rio Ocona, western slope of Andes. 4 S66-54S32 S66-54S76 34 Sept. 14, 1966 20: 15 165 Peru: Arequipa; Jog-shrouded coastline from Rio Atico to Rio Tambo; Laguna Salinas, Volcano Misti, Nevada Chachani. 5 S66-54833 S66-54817 34 •Sept. 14, 1966 20:15 165 Peru: Arequipa; fog-shrouded coastline from Punta Chala to Rio Tambo; Laguna Salinas, Volcano Misti, Nevado Chachani. 6 S66-54834 S66-54818 34 Sept. 14, 1966 20:16 165 Peru, Chile, Bolivia: La Paz beneath clouds; Lake Titicaca, Rio Desaquadero, Cordillera Real. 7 S66-54835 S66-54819 34 .Sept. 14, 1966 20:17 165 Bolivia: Sucre, Santa Cruz; Cordillera Oriental, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti. 8 S66-54836 S66-54820 34 Sept. 14, 1966 20:17 165 Bolivia, Paraguay: Gran Chaco, edge of Cordillera Oriental, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti; hazy. 9 S66-54837 S66-54821 35 Sept. 14, 1966 22:48 155 Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan; out of focus. 10 S66-54838 S66-54822 35 .Sept. 14, 1966 22:48 155 Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan; out of focus. 11 S66-54839 S66-54823 37 Sept. 15, 1966 01:44 156 West Pakistan, India, China: Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Karakoram Range, Sinkiang Desert, Indus River. U S66-54S40 S66-54S24 37 Sept. 15, 1966 01:49 156 East Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Sikkim: Himalayas, Mount Everest, Brahmaputra River, Tibetan Highlands, Ganges Plain in background. 13 S66-54841 S66-54825 40 Sept. 15, 1966 06:45 162 Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach, Great Sandy Desert, Percival Lakes and Lake Disappointment, Fitzroy River. 14 S66-54842 S66-54826 Agena, side view, range, 70 ft. Blank. 15 S66-54843 S66-54844 S66-54827 S66-54828 16 Agena, side view; range, 200 ft. 307 GEMINI XII MAGAZINE 8 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-63386 S66-63236 1 Nov. 11, 1966 22:19 124 Mexico: Monterrey-.Saltillo-Torreon area; .Sierra Madre Oriental Gulf coastal plain. 2 S66-63387 S66-63237 3 Nov. 12, 1966 Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft. Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft. Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft. Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, 3 S66-63388 S66-63238 3 Nov. 12, 1966 4 S66-63389 S66-63239 3 Nov. 12, 1966 5 S66-63390 S66-63240 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 156 Philippine Islands; .Sulu Archipelago. 6 S66-63391 S66-63241 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; .Sulu .\rchipelago. 7 S66-63392 S66-63242 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago. 8 S66-63393 .S66-63243 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago. 9 S66-63394 S66-63244 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; .Sulu Archipelago. 10 S66-63395 S66-63245 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:56 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago. 11 866-63396 S66-63246 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:56 156 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo, Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago. 12 S66-63397 S66-63247 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:06 159 Docked to Agena. 13 S66-63398 S66-63248 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:07 159 Docked to Agena. 14 S66-63399 S66-63249 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:07 159 Docked to Agena. 15 S66-63400 S66-63250 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:08 159 Docked to Agena. 16 S66-63401 S66-63251 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:10 159 Docked to Agena. 17 S66-63402 S66-63252 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:31 Agena station keeping; range, 25 ft. 18 S66-63403 S66-63253 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:32 Agena station keeping; range, 25 ft. 19 S66-63404 S66-63254 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:32 Agena station keeping; range, 27 ft. 20 S66-63405 S66-63255 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:33 Agena station keeping; range, 34 ft. 21 S66-63406 S66-63256 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:33 Agena station keeping; range, 37 ft. 22 S66-63407 S66-63257 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:33 Agena station keeping; range, 42 ft. 23 S66-63408 S66-63258 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:34 Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft. 24 S66-63409 S66-63259 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:34 Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft. 25 S66-63410 S66-63260 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:35 Agena station keeping; range, 55 ft. 26 S66-63411 S66-63261 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:35 Agena station keeping; range, 60 ft. 27 S66-63412 S66-63262 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:36 Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft. 28 S66-63413 S66-63263 3 Nov. 12, 1966 01:36 Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft. 29 S66-63414 S66-63264 3 Nov. 12, 1966 12:47 Solar eclipse, partial. 30 S66-63415 S66-63265 3 Nov. 12, 1966 12:48 Solar eclipse, total. 31 S66-63416 S66-63266 Nov. 12, 1966 Blank. 32 S66-63417 S66-63267 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:13 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 33 Sm-63418 S66-63268 15 Nod. 12, 1966 19:13 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 34 S66-63419 S66-63269 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:13 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 35 S66-63420 S66-63270 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:13 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 36 S66-63421 S66-63271 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:14 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 37 S66-63422 S66-63272 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:14 150 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 38 S66~63423 S66-63273 ?5 Nov. 12, 1966 19:14 149 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 39 S66-63424 S66-63274 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:14 149 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 40 S66-63425 S66-63275 15 Nov. 12, 1966 19:14 149 Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba. 41 S66-63426 S66-63276 15 Nov. 12, 1966 20:43 150 Texas, Mexico: Del Rio, Eagle Pass; Edwards Plateau, Big Bend, Rio Grande, Serrania del Burro, Sierra Madre Oriental. 42 S66-63427 S66-63277 15 Nov. 12, 1966 20:43 150 Texas, Mexico: Del Rio, Eagle Pass; Laredo; Edwards Plateau, Big Bend, Rio Grande, Serrania del Burro, Sierra Madre Oriental. 308 MAGAZINE 8 Continued NASA/MSC Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area description S66-63428 S66-63429 S66-63430 S66-63431 S66-63432 S66-63433 S66-63434 S66-63435 S66-63436 S66-63437 S66-63438 S66-63439 S66-63440 S66-63441 S66-63442 S66-63443 S66-63444 S66-63445 S66-63446 S66-63447 S66-63448 S66-63449 S66-63450 S66-63451 S66-63452 S66-63453 S66-63454 S66-63455 S66-63456 S66-63457 S66-63458 S66-63459 S66-63460 S66-63461 S66-63462 S66-63463 S66-63464 S66-63465 S66-63466 S66-63467 S66-63468 S6&-6327S S66-63279 S66-63280 S66-63281 S66-63282 S66-63283 S66-63284 S66-63285 S66-63286 S66-63287 S66-63288 S66-63289 S66-63290 S66-63291 S66-63292 S66-63293 S66-63294 S66-63295 S66-63296 S66-63297 S66-63298 S66-63299 S66-63300 S66-63301 S66-63302 S66-63303 S66-63304 S66-63305 S66-63306 866-63307 S66-63308 S66-63309 S66-63310 S66-63311 S66-63312 S66-63313 S66-63314 S66-63315 S66-63316 S66-63317 S66-63318 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 77 17 17 25 25 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 20:44 20:44 20;44 20:47 20:48 20:48 20:48 20:48 20:48 22:17 22:17 22:17 22:17 23:18 23:19 23:19 23:33 23:34 23:34 23:35 23:35 23:36 23:36 23:37 23:37 23:38 23:39 23:40 23:40 23:41 23:42 23:43 23:44 11:31 11:31 149 149 149 146 146 146 146 146 146 147 147 146 146 160 160 160 156 156 156 156 155 155 155 155 155 153 153 153 152 152 757 150 150 158 158 Texas: San Antonio, Austin, Corpus Christi; Edwards Plateau, Balcones Escarpment, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay. Texas: Corpus Christi; gulf coast from Baffin Bay to Matagorda Bay, Interstate 10 at Columbus. Texas: Gulf coast at Matagorda Bay, Interstate 10 at Columbus. Florida: Tampa, St. Petersburg, Fort Myers, Palm Beach; Cape Kennedy, Lake Okeechobee. Florida: Tampa, St. Petersburg, Fort Myers, Palm Beach, Miami; Keys, Lake Okeechobee, Everglades. Florida: Cape Kennedy, Palm Beach, Orlando. Florida: Cape Kennedy, Orlando. Florida: Cape Kennedy; underexposed. Bahama Islands; underexposed. Blank. Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California, Gulf of California. Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California, Gulf of California. Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California, Gulf of California. Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California, Gulf of California. Blank. Cellular cloud formations. Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor, Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea. Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor, Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea. Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor, Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Inside spacecraft; underexposed. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Blank. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Blank. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Clouds over Pacific Ocean. Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure, Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert. Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure, .\ouker Basin, El Djouf Desert. 309 MAGAZINE 8 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 84 S66-63469 S66-63319 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:32 157 Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure, Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert. 85 S66-63470 S66-63320 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:32 157 Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure, Aoulter Basin, El Djouf Desert. 86 S66-63471 S66-63321 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:32 157 Aiauritania, Malt: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure, Aouker Basin, El DjouJ Desert. 87 S66-63472 S66-63322 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:32 157 Mauritania, Mali: Dhar .Adrar, Richat Structure, Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert. 88 S66-63473 S66-63323 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:34 156 Mauritania, Mali, Spanish Sahara: Dhar Adrar, EI Hank Bluffs, Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech, Yetti Plains, south edge Tindouf Basin. 89 S66-63474 S66-63324 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:36 155 Algeria: Tifernine, Irrarene Dunes, Ajjer Plateau, Ahaggar Mountains. 90 S66-63475 S66-63325 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:36 155 Algeria, Libya: Tifernine, Irrarene Dunes, .■\jjer Plateau, .Ahaggar Mountains. 91 S66~63476 S66-63326 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic: Cairo; Gulf of Suez, Nile River, El Faiyum depression, Nile Delta. 92 366-^3477 S66-63327 25 Mv. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: .Mile River, GulJ of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula. 93 S66-63478 S66-63328 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: Nile River, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of .Aqaba, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula. 94 S66-63479 S66-63329 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of -Aqaba, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula. 95 S66-63480 S66-63330 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of .Aqaba, Rea Sea, Sinai Peninsula. 96 S66-63481 S66-63331 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:42 151 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Gulf of Suez, GulJ oj Aqaba, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula. 97 S66-63482 S66-63332 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:44 149 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Red Sea. 98 566-^3483 S66-63333 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:47 147 Iran: Persian GulJ, ^agros .Mountains; excellent display oJ anticlinal mountains. 99 S66-63484 S66-63334 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:47 147 Iran: Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Zagros Mountains; excellent display of anticlinal mountains. 100 S66-63485 S66-63335 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:47 147 Iran, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman: Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Qeshm Island, Zagros Mountains; excellent display of anticlinal mountains. 101 S66-63486 S66-63336 25 Nov. 13, 1966 11:48 146 Iran, Trucial Stales, Muscat and Oman, Pakistan: Persian GulJ, Strait oJ Hormuz, Makran Mountains. 102 S66-63487 S66-63488 S66-63337 S66-63338 Blank. 103 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:20 159 Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group; underexposed. 104 S66-63489 S66-63339 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:20 159 Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group; underexposed. 105 S66-63490 S66-63340 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:20 159 Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group; underexposed. 106 S66-63491 S66-63341 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:21 159 Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean; underexposed. 107 S66-63492 S66-63342 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:39 153 Guadalupe Island: von Karman eddies in lee of island, Baja California, Mexico in background; underexposed. 310 MAGAZINE 8 Continued NASA/MSC Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. 20:39 153 20:39 20:39 20:42 153 153 151 20:43 150 20:43 150 20:43 150 20:43 150 20:44 150 20:44 149 20:44 149 20:44 149 20:44 149 20:44 149 20:44 22:15 149 22:16 148 22:16 148 22:16 148 22:18 146 22:18 146 Area description 366-63493 S66-63494 S66-63495 S66-63496 S66-63497 S66-63498 S66-63499 S66-63500 S66-63501 S66-63502 S66-63503 S66-63504 S66-63505 S66-63506 S66-63507 S66-63508 S66-63509 S66-63510 S66-63511 S66-63512 S66-63513 S66-63514 S66-63515 S66-63516 S66-63517 S66-63518 S66-63519 S66~63520 S66~63521 S66-63522 S66-63343 S66-63344 S66-63345 S66-63346 S66-63347 S66-63348 S66-63349 S66-63350 S66-63351 S66-63352 S66-63353 S66-63354 S66-63355 S66-63356 S66-63357 S66-63358 S66-63359 S66-63360 S66-63361 S66-63362 S66-63363 S66-63364 S66-63365 S66-63366 S66-63367 S66-63368 S66-63369 S66-63370 S66-63371 S66-63372 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Guadalupe Island: Von Karman eddies in lee of island, Baja California, Mexico in background; underexposed. Von Karman eddies in lee of Guadalupe Island. Von Karman eddies in lee of Guadalupe Island. Texas, Mexico: Gulf Coastal Plain from Padre Island east. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas; San Antonio, Austin, Waco, Houston. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, ."Arkansas: San Antonio, Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas; San Antonio, Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, .Arkansas: Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay. Agena on tether; Te.xas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas; Waco, Houston, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay, Red River, Mississippi Valley. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas; Houston, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay, Red River, Mississippi Valley. Agena on tether; Texas, [Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas; Houston, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay, Red River, Mississippi Valley. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana; San Antonio, Austin, Houston, Beaumont; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay, Edwards Plateau. Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana; San Antonio, Austin, Houston, Beaumont; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay, Edwards Plateau. Agena on tether. Agena on tether. Agena on tether. Agena on tether. Blank. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur, Sinaloa. Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur, Sinaloa. Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur, Sinaloa. Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur, Sinaloa. Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis Potosi-Guadalajara area. Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis Potosi-Guadalajara area. 311 MAGAZINE 8 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 138 S66-63523 S66-63373 31 Nov. 13, 1966 22:18 146 Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis Potosi-Guadalajara area. 139 S66-63524 S66-63374 31 Nov. 13, 1966 Docking bar; terminator, limb. Docking bar; terminator, limb. 140 S66-63525 S66-63375 31 Nov. 13, 1966 141 S66-63526 S66-63376 31 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tetlier; limb, sunset. Agena on tether; limb, sunset. Blank. 142 S66-63527 S66-63377 31 Nov. 13, 1966 143 S66-63528 S66-63378 144 S66-63529 S66-63379 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:05 154 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 145 866^3530 S66-633S0 54 Nov. 15 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic^ Saudi Arabia^ Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 146 S66-63531 S66-63381 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 147 S66-63532 S66-63382 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 148 S66-63533 .S66-63383 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 149 S66-63534 S66-63384 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. 150 S66-63535 S66-63385 54 Nov. 15, 1966 10:06 153 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds. MAGAZINE 10 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-62749 S66-62701 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:47 Agena; range 50 ft. 2 S66-62750 S66-62702 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:48 Agena; range 50 ft. 3 S66-62751 S66-62703 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:48 Agena; range. 50 ft. 4 S66-62752 S66-62704 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:51 Agena; range. 12 ft. 5 S66-62753 S66-62705 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:52 Agena; range, 12 ft. 6 S66-62754 S66-62706 3 Nov 12, 1966 00:52 Agena; range, 14 ft. 7 S66-62755 S66-62707 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:55 Agena; range, 50 ft; exellent side view, stereo. 8 S66-62756 S66-62708 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:56 Agena; range. 53 ft; excellent side view, stereo. 9 S66-62757 S66-62709 3 Nov. 12, 1966 00:56 Agena; range. 55 ft; excellent side view, stereo. 10 S66-62758 S66-62759 S66-62710 S66-62711 Blank. Major ."Mdrin, Major Aldrin, Blank. Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, and Baham 11 28 13, 1966 extravehicular acitivity. extravehicular activity. 12 S66-62760 S66-62712 28 Nov. 13, 1966 13 S66-62761 S66-62762 S66-62713 S66-62714 14 28 Nov 13 1966 extravehicular activity, extravehicular acitvity. extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity; Florida as in background. 15 S66-62763 S66-62715 28 Nov 13, 1966 16 S66-62764 S66-62716 28 Nov. 13, 1966 17 S66-62765 S66-62717 28 Nov. 13, 1966 18 S66-62766 S66-62718 28 Nov. 13, 1966 19 S66-62767 S66-62719 28 Nov 13 1966 Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity. 20 S66-62768 S66-62720 28 Nov. 13, 1966 21 S66-62769 S66-62721 28 Nov. 13, 1966 Major Aldrin, Blank. Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, Major Aldrin, 22 S66-62770 S66-62771 S66-62722 S66-62723 23 28 13, 1966 extravehicular activity. extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravcliicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity, extravehicular activity. 24 S66-62772 S66-62724 28 Nov. 13, 1966 25 S66-62773 S66-62725 28 Nov. 13, 1966 26 S66-62774 S66-62726 28 13, 1966 27 S66-62775 S66-62727 28 Nov 13, 1966 28 S66-62776 S66-62728 28 Nov. 13, 1966 29 S66-62777 S66-62729 28 13, 1966 30 S66-62778 S66-62730 28 Nov. 13, 1966 31 S66-62779 S66-62731 28 Nov. 13, 1966 extravehicular activity. 312 MAGAZINE 10 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 32 S66-62780 S66-62781 S66-62732 S66-62733 Nov. 13, 1966 13, 1966 Blank. 33 28 Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity. Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity; best view of series. 34 S66-62782 S66-62734 28 Nov 13 1966 35 S66-62783 S66-62735 28 13, 1966 Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity. Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 36 S66-62784 S66-62736 28 Nov 13 1966 37 S66-62785 S66-62786 S66-62737 S66-62738 30 30 Nov. Nov. 13, 1966 13, 1966 38 39 S66-62787 S66-62739 30 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 40 S66-62788 S66-62740 30 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 41 S66-62789 S66-62741 30 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 42 S66-62790 S66-62791 S66-62742 S66-62743 30 30 Nov. Nov. 13, 1966 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 43 44 S66-62792 S66-62744 30 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds, ocean. 45 S66-62793 S66-62745 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:40 153 California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Colorado: Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Death Valley, Lake Mead. 46 S66-62794 S66-62746 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:40 152 ."Xrizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Tucson, Phoenix; Sonoran Desert, Mogollon Rim, Painted Desert. 47 S66-62795 S66-62747 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:41 152 .Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Chihuahuan Desert, Rio Grande, Sierra Madre Occidental, Painted Desert. 48 S66-62796 S66-62748 30 Nov. 13, 1966 20:41 152 .Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico: Chihuahuan Desert, Rio Grande, White Sands, Painted Desert, Rocky Mountains. MAGAZINE 11 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-62940 S66-62941 S66-62942 S66-62943 S66-63088 S66-63089 S66-63090 S66-63091 32 32 32 32 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 2 3 4 5 S66-62944 S66-62945 S66-62946 S66-63092 S66-63093 S66-63094 32 32 32 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. 6 7 8 S66-62947 S66-62948 S66-62949 S66-62950 S66-62951 S66-62952 S66-62953 S66-62954 S66-63095 S66-63096 S66-63097 S66-63098 S66-63099 S66-63100 S66-63101 866-63102 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Nov. 13, 1966 Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean. Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 23:51 144 16 S66-62955 S66-63103 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:53 142 Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows. 17 S66-62956 S66-63104 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:53 142 Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows. 18 S66-62957 S66-63105 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:53 142 Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows. 19 S66-62958 S66-63106 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:54 Agena on tether, at sunset. 20 S66-62959 S66-63107 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:55 Earth limb at sunset. 21 S66-62960 S66-63108 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:55 Earth limb at sunset. 22 S66-62961 S66-63109 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:55 Earth limb at sunset. 23 S66-62962 866-63110 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 24 S66-62963 S66-63111 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 313 MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSG Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 25 S66-62964 866-63112 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 26 S66-62965 866-63113 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 27 S66-62966 866-63114 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 28 S66-62967 S66-63115 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:56 Earth limb at sunset. 29 S66-62968 866-63116 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:57 Earth limb at sunset. 30 S66-62969 866-63117 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:57 Earth limb at sunset. 31 S66-62970 866-63118 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:57 Earth limb at sunset. 32 S66-62971 866-63119 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:57 Earth limb at sunset. 33 S66-62972 866-63120 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:58 Earth limb at sunset. 34 S66-62973 866-63121 32 Nov. 13, 1966 23:59 Earth limb at sunset. 35 S66-62974 S66-63U2 34 Nov. 14, 7966 02:17 160 Southern end of Maldive Islands. 36 366-62975 S66-63123 34 Nov. 14, 1966 02:23 160 Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. 37 S66-62976 S66-63124 34 Nov. 14, 1966 02:24 160 Burma: Mouths oj Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers. 38 866-62977 S66-63125 34 Nov. 14, 1966 02:24 160 Burma: Mouths of Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers. 39 866-62978 866-63126 34 Nov. 14, 1966 02:24 160 Burma: Mouths of Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers. 40 360-62979 S66-63127 34 Nov. 14, 1966 02:25 160 Burma: Mouths oj Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers. 41 866-62980 S66-63128 Nov. 14, 1966 Blank. 42 866-62981 S66-631'9 Nov 14 1966 Major .A.ldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed. Major .Aldrin inside spacecraft: underexposed. Major Aldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed. Major Aldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed. Blank. 43 S66-6'982 866-63130 Nov 14, 1966 44 866-62983 S66-63131 Nov 14, 1966 45 866-62984 866-63132 Nov. 14, 1966 46 866-62985 866-62986 S66-63133 866-63134 Nov. 14, 1966 Nov. 14, 1966 47 39 10:06 156 United Arab Republic, Libya: Mediterranean coast from Bengazi to El Alamein, Libyan Plateau; slightly out of focus. 48 866-62987 866-63135 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:06 156 United Arab Republic: Mediterranean coast from Sidi Barrani to Nile Delta, El Faiyum and Qattara Depressions; slightly out of focus. 49 866-62988 866-63136 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:13 152 Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain: Persian Gulf, Zagros Mountains; slightly out of focus. 50 S66-62989 866-63137 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:13 151 Iran, Trucial States: Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Zagros Mountains; slightly out of focus. 51 866-62990 866-63138 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:14 151 Iran: Gulf of Oman, Makran Ranges; slightly out of focus. 52 866-62991 866-63139 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:14 151 Iran, Pakistan, .Afghanistan: Makran Ranges; slightly out of focus. 53 866-62992 866-63140 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:15 150 Pakistan; Makran and Kirthar Ranges, .Arabian Sea coast; slightly out of focus. 54 866-62993 866-63141 39 Nov. 14, 1966 10:16 149 Pakistan, India: Makran and Kirthar Ranges, Indus River, Thar Desert, Arabian Sea coast; slightly out of focus. 55 S66-62994 S66-63142 39 Nov, 14, 1966 10:17 149 Pakistan, India: Thar Desert, .\ravalli Range; slightly out of focus. 56 866-6'995 866-63143 Nov 14 1966 Light in spacecraft. Blank 57 866-62996 866-62997 S66-63144 866-63145 Nov. 14, 1966 Nov 14, 1966 58 Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear. Standup EV.-\, nose of spacecraft. Standup EVA, rear view, adapter section. Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft. 59 S66-62998 866-63146 Nov. 14, 1966 60 866-62999 866-63147 Nov. 14, 1966 61 S66-63000 866-63148 Nov. 14, 1966 62 S66-63001 866-63149 Nov 14 1966 63 866-63002 866-63150 Nov. 14 1966 64 866-63003 866-63151 Nov. 14, 1966 65 866-63004 866-63152 Nov. 14, 1966 66 866-63006 .S66-63154 Nov. 14, 1966 67 866-63007 866-63155 Nov 14 1966 68 866-63008 866-63009 866-63156 S66-63157 Nov. 14, 1966 Nov. 14, 1966 69 314 . MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 70 S66-63010 S66-63158 44 Nov. 14, 1966 Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft. Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft. Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft. Florida, Bahama Islands, north coast oj Cuba. 71 S66-63011 S66-63159 44 Nov. 14, 1966 72 S66-63012 S66-63160 44 Nov. 14, 1966 73 S66-63013 S66-63J67 44 Nov. 74, 7966 77:37 750 74 S66-63014 S66-63162 AA Nov. 14, 1966 Out of focus. 75 S66-63015 S66~63163 44 Nov. 74, 1966 79:04 154 Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Gulf of California, Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua. 76 S66-63016 S66-63164 AA Nov. 14, 1966 19:04 154 Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Gulf of California, Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua; contrail and shadow along coast. 11 S66-63017 S66-63165 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:05 154 Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Texas: Phoenix- El Paso-Presidio Panorama. 78 S66-63018 S66-63766 44 Nov. 14, 7966 79:05 153 Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Texas: Phoenix- El Paso-Carlsbad Panorama. 79 S66-63019 S66-63167 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:06 153 Mexico, Texas: Big Bend, Northern Sierra Madre Oriental, Glass Mountains, El Solitario, Marathon Uplift, Rio Grande. 80 S66-63020 S66-63168 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:06 153 Mexico, Texas; Big Bend, Northern Sierra Madre Oriental, Glass Mountains, El Solitario, Marathon Uplift, Rio Grande. 81 S66-63021 S66-63169 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:07 153 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth- Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain. 82 S66-63022 S66-63170 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:07 152 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth- Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain. 83 S66-63023 S66-63171 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:07 152 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, -Arkansas: San .i^ntonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth- Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain. 84 S66-63024 S6&-63772 44 Nov. 74, 7966 79:07 752 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San .Antonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Tort Worth-Dallas; Edwards Plateau, GulJ Coastal Plain. 85 S66-63025 S66-63773 44 Nov. 74, 7966 79:08 752 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: Austin, Waco, .Shreveport, Beaumont, Houston; Edwards Plateau, GulJ Coastal Plain, Red River. 86 S66-63026 S66-63174 AA Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, .Arkansas: Austin, Waco, Shreveport, Beaumont, Houston; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain, Red River. 87 S66-63027 S66-63175 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arakansas: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 88 S66-63028 S66-63176 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 89 S66-63029 S66-63177 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas; Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 90 S66-63030 S66-63178 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas; Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 91 S66-63031 S66-63779 44 Nov. 74, 7966 79:08 752 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont; GulJ Coastal Plain Jrom Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 92 S66-63032 S66-63180 AA Nov. 14, 1966 19:08 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 315 MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 93 S66-63033 S66-63181 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:09 152 Texas, Louisiana, .Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Mata^^orda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 94 S66-63034 S66-63182 44 ^fov. 14, 1966 19:09 152 Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont; GulJ Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome. 95 S66-63035 S66-63183 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:00 152 Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; GulJ Coastal Plain from White Lake to Corpus Christ!. 96 S66-63036 S66-63184 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:09 152 Te.xas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville. 97 S 66-63037 S66-63185 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:09 152 Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville. 98 S66-6303S S66-63186 44 Mv. 14, 1966 19:09 151 Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville. 99 S66-63039 S66-63187 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:10 151 Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville. 100 S66-63040 S66-63188 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:11 150 Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy. 101 S66-63041 .S66-63189 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:12 150 Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy. 102 S66-63042 S66-63190 44 Nov. 14, 1966 19:12 150 Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy. 103 S66-63043 S66-63191 Nov. 14, 1966 Blank. 104 \.j \j\j \j -J \.' 1 ^j S66-63044 S66-63192 45 .Vov. 14, 1966 20:40 152 Afexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 105 S66-63045 S66-63193 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 152 Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 106 S66-63046 S66-63194 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 151 Mexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 107 S66-63047 S66-63195 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 151 Mexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 108 S66-63048 S66-63196 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 109 S66-63049 .S66-63197 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 110 S66-63050 S66-63198 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:40 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 111 S66-63051 S66-63199 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:41 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 112 S66-63052 ,S66-63200 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:41 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 113 S66-63053 S66-63201 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:41 151 Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 114 S66-63054 S66-63202 45 .^fov. 14, 1966 20:41 151 .Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint. 115 S66-63055 S66-63203 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:41 151 Mexico, Texas: Chihuahua, Presidio; Sierra Madre Occidental, Big Bend, El Solitario, Rio Grande, Southern Basin and Range. 116 S66-63056 866-63204 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 150 Mexico, Texas: Valleys of Nueces and Frio Rivers, Rio Grande, Falcon Reservoir. 117 S66-63057 S66-63205 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 150 Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre- Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay. 316 MAGAZINE 11 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT. Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 118 S66-63058 S66-63206 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 150 Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre- Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay. 119 S66-63059 S66-63207 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 149 Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre- Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay. no S66-63060 S66-63208 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 149 Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre-Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay. 121 S66-63061 S66-63209 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:43 149 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: gulf coast from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta. 122 S66-63062 S66-63210 43 Nov. 14, 1966 20:44 149 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: gulf coast from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta. 123 S66~63063 S66-63211 45 .Nov. 14, 1966 20:46 147 Florida: Keys, Cay Sal Bank, Florida Straits. 124 S66-63064 S66-63212 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:46 147 Cuba: La Habana, Pifiar del Rio, Matanzas, Las Villas, Provinces. 125 S66-63065 S66-63213 45 Nov. 14, 1966 20:47 147 Cuba: La Habana, Pifiar del Rio, Matanzas, Las Villas Provinces. 126 S66-63066 S66-63214 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:47 146 Central Cuba; Bahama Bank. 127 S66-63067 S66-63215 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:49 146 Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces. 128 S66-63068 S66-63216 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:49 146 Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces; Jamaica. 129 S66-63069 S66-63217 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:49 145 Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces; Jamaica. 130 S66-63070 S66-63218 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:49 145 Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Acklins, Mayaguana, The Caicos. 131 S66-63071 S66-63219 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:50 145 Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Acklins, Mayaguana, The Caicos. 132 S66-63072 S66-63220 46 Nov. 14, 1966 20:50 Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Grand Turk, Mayaguana, The Caicos. 133 S66-63073 S66-63221 46 Nov. 14, 1966 Limb, sunset. 134 S66-63074 S66-63075 S66-63076 S66-63222 S66-63223 S66-63224 47 47 47 Nov. 14, 1966 Nov. 14, 1966 Nov. 14, 1966 Clouds over Pacific Ocean. 135 Clouds over Pacific Ocean. 136 Clouds over Pacific Ocean. 137 S66-63077 S66-63225 47 Nov. 14, 1966 23:34 154 Hawaiian Islands: Midway, Kure, Pearl and Hermes Reef. 138 S66-63078 S66-63226 47 Nov. 14, 1966 23:34 154 Hawaiian Islands: Midway, Kure, Pearl and Hermes Reef. 139 S66-63079 S66-63227 47 Nov. 14, 1966 23:35 154 Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef, Salmon Bank. 140 S66-63080 S66-63228 47 Nov. 14, 1966 23:36 153 Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef, .Salmon Bank, Midway, Kure. 141 S66-630S1 S66-63229 53 Nov. 15, 1966 08:32 154 United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Red Sea; Jetstream clouds. 142 S66-63082 S66-63230 53 Nov. 15, 1966 08:36 153 Iran, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman: Qeshm Island, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Z^gros Mountains, Makran Ranges. 143 S66-63083 S66-63231 55 Nov. 15, 1966 11:31 155 Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Tetti Plains, south edge of Tindouf Basin. 144 S66-63084 S66-63085 S66-63086 S66-63087 S66-63232 S66-63233 S66-63234 S66-63235 55 55 56 Nov. 15, 1966 Nov. 15, 1966 Nov. 15, 1966 Nov. 15, 1966 Blank. 145 Benard cells over Pacific Ocean. 146 Benard cells over Pacific Ocean. 147 13:12 150 Libya, Algeria: Hamada el Hamra, Tiririne Dunes, Grand Erg Oriental; note contrail and shadow. 317 MAGAZINE 17 NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 1 S66-62867 S66-62797 Blank. 2 3 S66-(i786R S66-67798 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Docked to Agena, hatch open. Docked to Agena, hatch open. Docked to Agena, hatch open. Docked to Agena, hatch open. Docked to Agena, hatch open. Spacecraft skin, looking aft, hatch open; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. ijUU VJZ.OUO .S66-6?869 S66-62799 13 Nov. 12, 1966 4 S66-62870 S66-62800 13 Nov. 12, 1966 5 S66-62871 S66-62801 13 Nov. 12, 1966 6 S66-62872 S66-62802 13 Nov. 12, 1966 7 S66-62873 S66-62803 13 Nov. 12, 1966 k^ vy \j \ji^\j I ^j 8 S66-62874 S66-62804 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Spacecraft skin, looking aft, hatch open; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. kJV.'w U^^ ' T^ v_j \j\j \j ^j\j\j J 9 S66-62875 S66-62805 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Spacecraft skin, hatch open. Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. 10 S66-62876 S66-62806 13 Nov. 12, 1966 11 S66-62877 S66-62807 13 Nov. 12, 1966 12 S66-62878 866-62808 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to j^gena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: 13 S66-62879 S66~62809 13 Nov. 12, 1966 14 S66-62880 S66-62810 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Baja California. 15 S66-62881 S66-62811 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Baja California. 16 S66-62882 S66-62812 13 Nov. 12, 1966 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Baja California. n S66-62883 S66-62813 13 A'ov. 12, 1966 17:30 158 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast from CuUacan to Alanzanillo. 18 S66-62884 S66-62814 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:30 158 Docked to .'\gena, hatch open; Mexico; West coast from Culiacan to Manzanillo. 19 S66-62885 ,S66-62815 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:31 158 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast from Culiacan to Manzanillo. 20 S66-62886 S66-62816 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:31 158 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast north of Manzanillo. 21 S66-62887 S66-62817 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:32 158 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico City, Puebla; Neo-Volcanic plateau, Lago de Chapala. 22 S66-62888 S66-62818 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:32 157 Docked to .\gena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico City, Puebla; Neo-Volcanic plateau, Lagc de Chapala. 23 S66-62889 S66-62819 13 J^oii. 12. 1966 17:32 757 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Central and eastern Mexico, north oj Leon, Coahuila Basin, Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental. 24 S66-62890 S66-62820 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:32 157 Docked to .Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico City, Pueblo; Neo-Volcanic plateau. 25 S66-62891 S66-62821 13 Mm: 12, 1966 17:33 157 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Yucatan Peninsula. 26 S66-62892 S66-62822 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:34 156 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Yucatan Peninsula, Yucatan Channel. 27 S66-62893 S66-62823 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:34 156 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico, U.S. gulf coast. 28 S66-62894 S66-62824 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:35 156 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico, U.S. gulf coast. 29 S66-62895 S66-62825 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:35 156 Docked to .Agena, hatch open ; Gulf of Mexico, U.S. gulf coast. 30 S66-62896 S66-62826 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:35 155 Docked to .Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico, U.S. gulf coast. 31 S66-62897 S66-62827 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:36 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida. 32 S66-62898 S66-62828 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida. 33 S66-62899 S66-62829 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida. 54 $66-62900 S66-62830 '13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 755 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 35 S66-62901 S66-62831 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 318 , MAGAZINE 17 Continued NASA/MSC Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Frame Color No. B&W No. Area description 36 S66-62902 S66-62832 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 37 S66-62903 S66-62833 13 Nov. 12 7966 17:37 755 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 38 S66-62904 S66-62834 13 Nov. 12, 1966 17:37 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 39 S66~62905 566-62835 13 Nov. 12 7966 17:37 754 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands. 40 S66-62906 S66-62836 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:38 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida. 41 S66-62907 S66-62837 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:38 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida. 42 S66-6290S 566-62838 14 Nov. 12 7966 17:38 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands: Miami Keys. 43 S66-62909 S66-62839 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:38 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Bahama Islands. 44 S66-62910 S66-62840 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:38 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Bahama Islands. 45 566-62911 566-62841 14 Nov. 12 7966 Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean. Inside spacecraft, out of focus. Inside spacecraft, out of focus. 46 S66-62912 S66-62842 14 Nov. 12, 1966 47 5(5^(5297J 566-626174 566-62843 566-62844 14 14 Nov. 12 Nov. 12 7966 7966 48 49 S66-62915 S66-62845 14 Nov. 12, 1966 50 S66-62916 S66-62846 14 Nov. 12, 1966 51 S66-62917 S66-62847 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. 52 S66-62918 S66-62848 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. 53 S66-62919 S66-62849 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. 54 S66-62920 S66-62850 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm movie camera. 55 S66-62921 S66-62851 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Major Aldrin's helmet; out of focus. Major Aldrin's helmet. 56 S66-62922 S66-62852 14 Nov. 12, 1966 57 S66-62923 S66-62853 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Major Aldrin's helmet. 58 S66-62924 S66-62854 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch. 59 S66-62925 S66-62855 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch. Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch; 60 S66-62926 S66-62856 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Blue Maurer camera. 61 S66-62927 S66-62857 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch; Blue Maurer camera. 62 S66-62928 S66-62858 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:52 143 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc and Cap Barbas. 63 S66-62929 S66-62859 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:52 143 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc and Cap Barbas. 64 S66-62930 .S66-62860 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:52 143 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc and Cap Barbas. 65 S66-62931 S66-62861 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:52 142 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc and Cap Barbas. 66 S66-62932 S66-62862 14 Nov. 12, 1966 17:52 142 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc and Cap Barbas. 67 S66-62933 S66-62863 14 Nov. 12, 1966 19:07 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast north of Culiacan; Sierra Madre Oriental, Baja California. 68 S66-62934 S66-62864 14 Nov. 12, 1966 19:07 155 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast north of Mazatlan; Sierra Madre Oriental, Baja California. 319 MAGAZINE 17 Continued NASA/MSC Frame Color No. B&W No. Revolution Date GMT Alt, N. Mi. Area description 69 70 S66-62935 S66-62936 S66-62865 S66-62866 14 14 Nov. 12, 1966 Nov. 12, 1966 19:07 19:08 154 154 Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast north of Cabo Corrientes; .Sierra Madre Oriental, Baja California. Docked to .■\gena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast from Culiacan to head of Gulf of California, .Sierra Madre Oriental, Baja California. 320 GLOSSARY airglow Broadly defined as the nonthermal radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere with the exception of auroral emission (northern lights) and radiation of cataclysmic origin such as lightning and meteor trains. Airglow at night, also called nightglow, is always present and is readily ob- served by the naked eye on a clear night away from city lights. The peak of the night-glow layer occurs at approxi- mately 90 kilometers, the emission being the result, for ex- ample, of excited molecular o.xygen, atomic oxygen, and sodium. alluvium A general term for all detrital deposits resulting from the operations of modern rivers; this includes the sed- iments laid down in river beds, flood plains, lakes, and estuaries. altocumulus A cloud path or layer composed of laminae, rounded masses, or rolls which are sometimes partly dif- fused and may or may not merge. The cloud elements usual- ly are smaller than stratocumulus and larger than cirrocum- ulus. They may occur at more than one level and are made up largely of small liquid water droplets. anticline A fold or arch of rock strata, usually dipping in opposite directions away from an axis. anticyclone A region of relatively high atmospheric pressure whose circulation is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The re- gion may be 3000 kilometers or more wide. island arc Islands or mountains arranged in a great curve. A curved belt of islands, partly volcanic, in or near ocean basins, such as the Aleutian Islands. Archean The term is generally applied to the oldest rocks of the Precambrian. However, usage is changing and the new term, Early Precambrian, is preferred. It means the same as Archeozoic also. atoll A ringlike "coral or calcareous algae" island or islands encircling, or nearly encircling, a lagoon. basalt A fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock containing about 50 percent Si02 and characteristic minerals. basin-and-swell structure Geologic term for areas such as the central United States in which the dominant structures are very large domes, arches, and troughs with very shallow dips; characteristic of tectonically stable areas. bedrock Any solid rock, in place, exposed at the surface of the Earth or overlain by unconsolidated material. Benard cell A form of cellular convection, studied in the laboratory by the French physicist, H. Benard, in which the vertical circulation may be upward in the core of the cell and downward on the edges, or it may be reversed. carbonate A compound containing the radical COj, used geologically as a short term for calcium or magnesium car- bonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite. cay A flat mound of sand built up on a reef flat slightly above high-tide level. Cenozoic The latest of the four eras into which geologic time is divided, beginning about 70 million years ago. Also, the whole group of stratified rocks deposited during the Cen- ozoic era. The era includes Tertiary and Quaternary. cellular convection An organized air motion in distinct con- vection cells, having either upward or downward motion in the central portions of the cell, and having the opposite either sinking or rising flow in the cell's outer regions. The phenomenon is similar to that often referred to as Benard cells displayed in fluids on laboratory scale. cirrostratus A whitish cloud veil of fibrous or smooth ap- pearance occurring at altitudes of 6 to 18 kilometers, com- posed largely of ice crystals. It is frequently thin enough to be transparent. cirrus White, delicate filaments, patches, or bands of cloud which have a fibrous appearance and often a silky sheen. The cloud is composed mainly of ice crystals and in the Tropics it is found at 6 to 18 kilometers in altitude. clastic Consisting of fragments of rocks or of organic struc- tures that have been moved from their places of origin. cloud street A line or row of cumulus clouds usually alined nearly parallel to the wind direction. coesite A high-pressure polymorph of Si02; first created artificially by L. Goes and later found in rock from Meteor Crater, Ariz., by E. Chao. It is believed to be indicative of meteoritic impact. cold front A boundary zone between an advancing mass of cold air and a warmer air mass. color infrared film A color film sensitive to infrared radiation as well as visible light; used chiefly to photograph vegeta- tion. Colors are rendered differently from the colors seen by the eye; e.g., greens are reproduced as reds. continental drift The supposed horizontal movement of en- tire continents for hundreds or thousands of miles over geologic time; indicated by similarities in geologic struc- ture, lithology, and fossil affinities on opposite sides of oceans such as the South Atlantic. It is still a disputed concept. convection Atmospheric motions that are predominantly ver- tical, resulting in the vertical transport and mixing of at- mospheric properties, normally caused by heating from the land or water surface below (meteorological). convergence An inflow of air on a horizontal plane. Near the Earth's surface the converging air may rise and pro- duce convective clouds (meteorological). Situation whereby waters of different origins come together at a point or, more commonly, along a line known as a convergence line (ocean- ographic). 321 coral A calcareous skeleton of a coral or group of corals which are bottom-dwelling marine animals. Cretaceous period The third and latest of the periods in- cluded in the Mesozoic era, beginning about 135 million years ago and lasting about 65 million years, also the sys- tem of strata deposited in the Cretaceous period. cuesta Ridge with one steep and one gently sloping side. cumulonimbus cloud A heavy and dense cloud of convective origin. It may develop to 10 or 20 kilometers in height. The top is nearly always flattened and often spreads out in an anvil or plume containing predominantly ice crystals; a thundercloud accompanied by lightning, thunder, rain, and sometimes hail. cumulus cloud Individual detached cloud elements, gener- ally dense and with sharp outlines, developing vertically in the form of rising mounds, domes, or towers. The cloud has a high density of small water droplets which frequent- ly are supercooled. cumulus congestus cloud A large cumulus cloud with sharp outlines and great vertical development. It may be produc- ing rain, but not yet have reached the thunderstorm stage. current Horizontal movement of a fluid. cyclone An atmospheric circulation rotating counterclock- wise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere; a storm. dendritic drainage pattern This phenomenon is character- ized by treelike branching of streams in all directions, with the tributaries joining the main stream at all angles. Devonian The fourth, in order of age, of the periods com- prising the Paleozoic era, following the Silurian period, be- ginning about 400 million years ago and lasting about 50 million years. Also the system of strata deposited during that time. Sometimes called the "Age of Fishes." dike A tabular body of rock (usually igneous) that cuts across the structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks. Most dikes result from intrusion of magma; some are formed by injection of sand or mud. dip The maximum angle at which a stratum or any planar feature is inclined from the horizontal. The dip is at a right angle to the strike. divergence A horizontal flow of water in different directions, from a common center or zone; often associated with up- welling. ebb tide, falling tide The portion of the tide cycle between high water and the following low water. eddy A circulation drawing its energy from a flow of much larger scale and brought about by flow irregularities (me- teorological). A circular movement of water usually formed where currents pass obstructions, where two adjacent cur- rents flow counter to each other, or along the edge of a permanent current (oceanographic) . embayment An embayment is similar to a basin of sedimen- tation and may be one flank of a larger subsiding feature. Used in a structural sense to designate a reentrant of sed- imentary rocks into a crystalline massif. ephemeral stream A stream or portion of a stream which flows only in direct response to precipitation. It receives little or no water from springs and no long-continued sup- ply from melting snow or other sources. Its channel is at all times above the water table. 322 epoch Geologic time unit corresponding to a series; a sub- division of a period. equatorial counter current An oceanic current flowing east- ward in a narrow band in an equatorial region; usually im- bedded in an equatorial current that is flowing westward. era A large division of geologic time of the highest order, comprising one or more periods. The eras now generally recognized are the Archeozoic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mes- ozoic, and Cenozoic. In some cases, Early Precambrian is substituted for Archeozoic and Late Precambrian for Pro- terozoic. erosion The group of processes whereby earthy or rock ma- terial is loosened or dissolved and removed from any part of the Earth's surface. It includes the processes of weather- ing, solution, corrosion, and transportation. The mechan- ical wear and transportation are affected by running water, moving ice, or winds, which use rock fragments to pound or grind other rocks to powder or sand. escarpment A cliff or relatively steep slope separating level or gently sloping tracts. estuary Drainage channel adjacent to the sea in which the tide ebbs and flows. Some estuaries are the lower courses of rivers or smaller streams, others are no more than drainage ways that lead sea water into and out of coastal swamps. fault A fracture or fracture zone along which there has been displacement of the two sides relative to one another paral- lel to the fracture. The displacement may be a few inches or many miles. fold A bend in strata or any planar structures. friction layer The layer of atmosphere from the surface to about 0.5 to 2 kilometers that is influenced by frictional and diurnal phenomena. gabbro Loosely used for any coarse-grained dark igneous rock, chemically similar to basalt, and considered the plu- tonic (formed by solidification of molten magma deep with- in the Earth) equivalent of basalt. geosyncline A large, generally linear trough that subsided deeply throughout a long period of geologic time and in which a thick secession of stratified sediments and possibly extrusive volcanic rocks has commonly accumulated. The strata of many geosynclines have been folded into moun- tains. Many types have been differentiated and named. glaciation Alteration of the Earth's solid surface through erosion and deposition by glacial ice. glitter pattern The specular reflectance of the Sun's rays off the ocean's surface. gneiss A coarse-grained rock in which bands rich in gran- ular minerals alternate with bands in which schistose min- erals predominate. graben Large blocks of the crust that have been downdropped along fractures. graben faulting A block, generally long compared to its width, that has been downthrown along faults relative to the rocks on either side. gradient The rate of decrease of one quantity with respect to another. granite Light-colored, coarse to medium-grained, plutonic rock containing alkali feldspars, quartz, and accessory min- erals such as mica; of igneous or metamorphic origin. granodiorite An intrusive igneous rock, similar to granite but with a higher plagioclase content. greenstone An old field term applied to altered basic igneous rocks which owe their color to the presence of chlorite, hornblende, and epidote. Greenwich mean time The local mean time of the Green- wich (prime) meridian. Now called Universal Time (as- tronomical); sometimes, Zulu or Z-time (U.S. Navy). ground elapsed time (GET) Time elapsed from launch of spacecraft. homocline .A general name for any block of bedded rocks all dipping in the same direction. igneous rock Rocks formed by solidification from a molten or partially molten state. One of three principal classes in- to which all rocks are divided. The others are sedimentary and metamorphic. intrusive (igneous) rock One formed by consolidation of magma beneath the surface of the Earth, as opposed to ex- trusive rock formed from erupted magma (lava). island wake ■\ wake resulting from the division of an ocean current by an island producing an elongated area of up- welling on the lee side. jebel Arabic for mountain. Jetstream Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. It may be thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide, and some kilometers in depth. A subtropical Jetstream is found, at some longitudes, between 20° and 30° latitude. Jurassic The middle of the three geological periods com- prising the Mesozoic era. Also the system of strata deposit- ed during that period, beginning about 180 million years ago and lasting about 45 million years. laccolith A concordant, intrusive body that has domed up the overlying rocks and has a floor that is generally hor- izontal, but may be convex downward. lagoon A body of shallow water, particularly one possessing a restricted connection with the sea. A water body within an atoll or behind barrier reefs or islands. lignite A brownish-black coal in which the alteration of veg- etal material has proceeded further than in peat but not so far as subbituminous coal. limb Geologically, one of the two parts of an anticline or syncline on either side of the axis. Astronomically, the edge of a celestial object as viewed. limestone A general term for that class of sedimentary rocks which contain at least 80 percent of the carbonates of cal- cium or magnesium. lineament A structurally controlled topographic line, gen- erally of regional extent. lithographic texture A term used to denote grain size in calcareous sedimentary rocks. The grain size corresponds to that of clay, or less than 1/256 millimeter. low-pressure system An area of minimum atmospheric pres- sure associated with cyclonic circulation. marl Usually defined as a calcareous clay, or an intimate mixture of clay and particles of calcite or dolomite, usually fragments of shells. massif A body of plutonic igneous or metamorphic rock, at least 10 to 20 miles in diameter, occurring as a structurally resistant mass in an uplifted area that may have been a mountain core. mesoscale Small-scale weather patterns that may occur over distances of perhaps 15 to 1500 kilometers. Mesozoic One of the eras of geologic time. It comprises the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods beginning about 225 million years ago and lasting 255 million years. Also the group of strata formed during the era. metamorphic Rocks which have formed in the solid state in response to pronounced changes of temperature, pressure, and chemical environments, usually at depth. metasediments Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. microgranite A fine-grained granite, usually a marginal phase of a granite intrusion. micromeleoroid A very small solid body, generally less than a millimeter in diameter, moving in interplanetary space. minaret A towerlike rock form. Miocene The fourth of the five epochs into which the Ter- tiary period is divided. .Also the series of strata deposited during that epoch. monsoons Seasonal winds caused primarily by the much greater annual variation of temperature over large land areas compared with neighboring ocean surfaces. An ex- cess of pressure occurs over land in winter and a deficit in summer. Monsoons are strongest on the southern and east- ern sides of Asia. mosaic A composite picture formed by assembling over- lapping vertical aerial photographs taken from different camera positions. Neogene The later of the two periods into which the Cen- ozoic era is divided in the classification adopted by the In- ternational Geological Congress and used by many Euro- pean geologists. .-Mso the system of strata deposited during that period. Neo-Volcanic Of or pertaining to volcanic rocks or volcanic phenomena formed or taking place during the Cenozoic era. orogeny The process of forming mountains, particularly by folding and thrusting. orographic cloud A cloud, the existence, form, and extent of which are determined by the upslope flow of air over hills or mountains. outcrop Bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth. Paleogene The earlier of the two periods comprised in the Cenozoic era, and used by many European gologists. Not in wide use in the United States. Paleozoic One of the eras of geologic time, between the Late Precambrian and Mesozoic eras, that comprises the Cam- brian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Penn- sylvanian, and Permian systems. Also the group of rocks deposited during this era. pegmatite Igneous rocks of coarse grain that are usually found as dikes associated with a large mass of igneous rock of finer grain size. The name usually refers to granite peg- matites. Some pegmatites contain rare minerals. pelagic Pertaining to communities of marine organisms which live free from direct dependence on bottom or shore; the two types are free-swimming (nektonic) and floating forms (planktonic). Permian Last period of the Paleozoic era. Also the system of rocks formed during the period. 323 pillow lavas Lavas that exhibit a peculiar structure consist- ing of an agglomeration of rounded masses that resemble pillows. The pillow structure is generally believed to be the result of subaqueous deposition. Pleistocene The earlier of the two epochs comprised in the Quaternary period. Also called Glacial epoch and formally called ice age. Also the series of sediments deposited dur- ing that period. Pliocene The latest of epochs comprised in the Tertiary period in the classification generally used. Also the series of strata deposited during the epoch. Precambrian An era of geologic time. All rocks formed be- fore Cambrian time. The oldest and longest period of geologic time. Quaternary The younger of the two geologic periods in the Cenozoic era. It is subdivided into Pleistocene and Recent epochs or series. It comprises all geologic time and de- posits from the end of the Tertiary until and including the present. radiosonde A balloon-borne instrument for simultaneous mea- surement and transmission of meteorological data. reef A chain or range of rock or coral, elevated above the surrounding bottom of the sea, generally submerged and dangerous to surface navigation. reverse faults A fault along which the hanging wall has been raised relative to the foot wall. A normal fault is just tlie opposite. rheid A body of rock showing flow structure; also used for masses of rock which have flowed over geologic time while below the melting point. rhyolite An extrusive igneous rock chemically equivalent to granite. rift A topographic depression formed along major faults. rift valley A large valley produced by subsidence along two parallel faults. (See graben.) ring dike An arcuate, rarely circular, dike with steep dip. Larger ring dikes may be many miles long, hundreds or thousands of feet thick; the radius or arc is generally from 1 to 10 miles; although some dikes may form a nearly com- plete circle or ellip.se, more commonly they encompass one- third to three-fourths of the circle or ellipse. rip tide A seaward flowing current brought about when waves elevate the water level along a coast. These currents are confined to the surf zone and are usually no longer than a few tens of meters. They are not associated with diurnal tides. salt plug/salt dome A structure resulting from the upward movement of a salt mass, and with which oil and gas fields are frequently associated. In the gulf coast area of the Unit- ed States, the salt is in the form of a roughly circular plug of relatively narrow diameter but often several thousand feet in depth. sandstone A cemented or otherwise compacted detrital sedi- ment, usually composed predominantly of quartz grains; some varieties are composed partly of other minerals such as feldspar. savanna A tropical or subtropical region of grassland and other drought-resistant vegetation. This type of growth oc- curs in warm regions having a long, dry season alternating with a rainy season. scarp An escarpment, cliff, or steep slope of some extent along the margin of a plateau, mesa, terrace, or bench. schist .A medium or coarse-grained metamorphic rock, with subparallel orientation of the micaceous minerals which dominate its composition. sea breeze A local coastal wind that blows from sea to land caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land. sea-surface structure Features of the sea surface created by wind (waves), currents, differences in density of adjacent waters, and the shape of the ocean basin. Only the surface expressions of the features and their horizontal extent are visible from space. sedimentary rocks Rocks formed by the accumulation of sed- iment. The sediment may consist of rock fragments or par- ticles of various sizes (conglomerate, sandstone, shale); of the remains or products of animals or plants (certain lime- stones and coal); of the product of chemical action or evap- oration (salt, gypsum, etc.); or of mixtures of these ma- terials. A characteristic feature of sedimentary deposits is a layered structure known as bedding or stratification. shale .\ laminated sediment in which the constituent parti- cles are predominantly of the clay grade. shield A continental block of the Earth's crust that has been relatively stable over a long period of time and has under- gone only gentle warping (basin and swell structure) in contrast to the strong folding of bordering geosynclinal belts. Mostly composed of Precambrian rocks. sill An intrusive body of igneous rock of approximately uni- form thickness, relatively thin compared with its lateral ex- tent, usually emplaced parallel to the bedding or schistosity of the intruded rocks. sinkhole A funnelshaped depression in the land surface, gen- erally in a limestone region, communicating with a subter- ranean passage developed by solution. stability A condition in the atmosphere in which vertical mo- tions are absent or definitely restricted. steppe An area of grass-covered and generally treeless plains with a semiarid climate. They occupy large portions of eastern Europe and Asia. slralocumulus cloud A patch, layer, or sheet of cloud com- posed of numerous elements which appear as rounded mass- es or rolls. They are nonfibrous and may or may not merge. They are composed of small water droplets and occur at altitudes up to 2 kilometers. stratum A section of a formation that consists throughout of approximately the same kind of rock material. .\ single sed- imentary bed or layer (plural, strata). stratus cloud A cloud layer having a uniform base and top with widely dispersed water droplets. It occurs between the surface and 2 kilometers in the Tropics. stream piracy The diversion of the upper part of a stream by the headward erosion of another stream. strike The course or bearing of the outcrop of an inclined bed or structure on a level surface; the direction or bearing of a horizontal line in the plane of an inclined stratum, joint, fault, cleavage plane, or other structural plane; it is perpendicular to the direction of the dip. structure The sum total of the structural features of an area. Petrology: one of the larger features of a rock mass, like 324 bedding, jointing, cleavage; also the sum total of such fea- tures. subsidence A descending motion in the atmosphere, usually over a rather broad area (meteorological). Gradual depres- sion of an area, as in a geosyncline (geological). Sun glitter A pattern of sunlight being reflected from water; also called Sun glint. syenite An intrusive igneous rock consisting principally of alkalic feldspar and usually one or more mafic (dark) min- erals. syncline A fold in rocks in which the strata dip inward from both sides toward the axis. The opposite of anticline. tableland A flat or undulating elevated area, a plateau or mesa. tectonic Pertaining to the rock structure and external forms resulting from the deformation of the Earth's crust. As ap- plied to earthquakes, it is used to describe shocks not caused by volcanic action or by collapse of caverns or landslides. terminator The line separating the illuminated and dark por- tions of a celestial body which shines by reflected sunlight, as the Moon or the Earth. Tertiary The earlier of the two geologic periods comprised in the Cenozoic era. Also the system of stratum deposited dur- ing that period. Tethys geosyncline Elongated east-west geosyncline that sep- arated Europe and Africa and extended across southern Asia in pre-Tertiary time. trachyte An extrusive rock composed essentially of alkalic feldspar and minor biotite, hornblende, or pyroxene. trade winds The wind system which occupies the lowest few kilometers in the atmosphere of most of the Tropics. It blows with consistency of direction from the subtropical highs toward the equatorial trough. The winds are pre- dominantly northeasterly in the Northern Hemisphere and southerly in the Southern Hemisphere. trellis drainage A drainage system in which the main streams are generally parallel, with smaller tributaries flowing at right angles to them. troposphere That portion of the Earth's atmosphere from the surface to the tropopause which is the lower 10 to 20 kil- ometers of the atmosphere. Here the temperature normally decreases with height. tuff A rock formed of compacted volcanic fragments, which are generally smaller than 4 millimeters in diameter. typhoon A severe tropical storm in the western Pacific Ocean. uplift Elevation of any extensive part of the Earth's surface relative to some other part; opposite to subsidence. upper-level trough An elongated area of relatively low at- mospheric pressure existing in the upper air. upwelling The process by which water rises from a lower to a higher depth, usually as a result of divergence and off- shore currents. von Karnian eddy Vortices especially visible in cloud forma- tions, resulting from frictional drag of air over and/or around raised obstacles such as islands. Named after Theo- dor von Karman, the aerodynamicist. vortex A whirl or eddy. vortex street Two parallel rows of alternately placed, coun- terrotating vortices along the wake of an obstacle in a fluid or air; also called a von Karman vortex street. wadi .\ ravine or watercourse, dry except in the rainy season. watershed The area contained within a drainage divide above a specified point on a stream. Also called drainage area, drainage basin, or catchment area. wind shear The local variation of the wind vector in a hori- zontal or vertical direction. wave diffraction The bending of waves around obstacles or over a shoal sea floor. wave length The distance between corresponding points of two successive periodic waves in the direction of propaga- tion, for which the oscillation has the same phase. wrench fault A nearly vertical strike-slip fault. zodiacal light A faint, diffuse light, triangular or cone shaped, seen on either side of the Sun along the zodiac or ecliptic plane. It is seen in middle northern latitudes in the spring after sunset in the western sky, or in the fall before sunrise (dawn) in the eastern sky (astronomical). 325 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Earth Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V. NASA SP- 129, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1967. Gemini Conference Summary, NASA SP-138, includes "Science Experiments Summary," by Jocelyn R. Gill and Willis B. Foster, Feb. 1-2, 1967, pp. 291-305; and "Space Photog- raphy," by Richard W. Underwood, pp. 231-290. Maps Grosvenor, M. B., cd.: National Geographic Atlas of the World. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., 1963. Bartholemew, J., cd.: The Times Atlas of the World. Vol. I, "The World," Australia and East Asia, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1958. Vol. II, "Southwest Asia and Russia," Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1959. Vol. IV, "Southern Europe and Africa," Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1956. Vol. V, "The Americas," Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1957. TiEDEMANN, H. A.: Gemini Synoptic Terrain Photography (S005). Indexes with Maps Showing Coverage (Gemini), including North and South America, Africa, Near East, In- dia, Australia, Asia, Pacific. Maps through Gemini XII com- pleted. Articles Terrain LowMAN, Paul D., Jr.: Terrain Photography on Gemini Mis- sions. Geological Soc. of America Annual Meeting (1966), GSA Special Paper (in press). LowMAN, Paul D., Jr. : "The Earth from Orbit." National Geographic, Nov. 1966, pp. 645-670. Photos from Gemini IV from Southwestern United States, Florida, Morocco, Richat Structure, and some photos from Gemini V. LowMAN, Paul D., Jr.: "Photography from Space-Geologic Applications." Annals from the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 140, pp. 99-106, Dec. 16, 1966. Weather Nagler, K. M. ; AND SoULES, S. D. : "The Gemini Weather Photography Experiment." Presented at the XVIIth Inter- national Astronautical Congress, Madrid, Spain, October 1966. (Published in Proceedings of Congress. Twelve Gem- ini photos are used to illustrate meteorological features shown to advantage by selective color photography of Gem- ini.) Nagler, K. M. ; and Soules, S. D.: "Experiment S006, Synoptic Weather Photography." Interim Report, Manned Space Flight Experiments, Gemini XII, Nov. 11-15, 1966 (MSC-TA-R-67-3), pp. 75-82. "Jetstream" cirrus clouds, ed- dies in the lee of Guadalupe Island, Mexico, Sun glint, smoke from forest fires, and windblown dust. Kuettner, J. P.; AND Soules, S. D.: "Organized Convection as Seen from Space." Bull. Am. Meterol. Soc, vol. 47, Nov. 5, 1966, pp. 364-370. Using views from Gemini IV, V, and VII, and from ESS A I meteorological satellite as il- lustrations, the authors discuss the tendency for cumulus clouds to be alined in rows or streets. Other Oliver, V. J. : "Some .Applications of Space Observations to Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology," 10 pp. Reprint of talk presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting and Tech- nical Display of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 23-27, 1967. Use of some Gemini photos to illustrate how space photographs can delineate turbid water, the shallow water bottom con- figuration, and rain-soaked versus dry ground. Randerson, Darryl: "A Study of Air Pollution Sources as Viewed by Earth Satellites." Reprint of presentation at 60th Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association, Cleveland, June 11-16, 1967. Illustrated by Gemini views of smoke from forest fires and haze and smoke from industrial sources. Gettys, R. F. : "Extraction of Color Photos Exposed From the Gemini Orbital Flights IV, V, and VII." U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, A67-10322, Suitland, Md. In: Sym- posium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Univ. of Mich., .\nn Arbor, Apr. 12-14, 1966, proceedings. Jones, J. R. : Hydrologic Evaluation of Gemini Photographs of Fringes of Sahara, Africa. NASA Technical Letter 68. MacCallor, J. A. : Photo-Mosaic Map of Peru From Gem- ini Photography (in preparation). NASA Technical Letter 87. McNaughton, Duncan, A.: and Huckaba, William A.: "Space Photo Points Way to Oil." Oil Gas J., vol. 64, no. 24. June 1966. Films "Studying the Weather From Space." Educational television film produced by KCET, Los Angeles, R&D review series. Gemini views used to illustrate meteorological phenomena. "First Photos From Space." Educational television film pro- duced by KCET, Los Angeles, R&D review series, no. 37. Gemini views illustrate geography and geology of regions covered by orbital flight. •^ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1969 O — 312-405 327 Date Due fi^o/j^i. f f 1 1 1 Library Bureai Cat. No. 1137 WELLESLEY COLLEGE LIBRARY 3 5002 03262 8336 ASTRONOMY LIBRARY (iQB 637 U56 PHOTOS ARE LOCATED BV OUTLINES OF AREAS COVERED, OR BY BRACKET (NDICATING GENERAL DIRECTION OF VIEW. NUMBERS REFER TO PAGES IN THIS VOLUME