FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY jie SS Ok. Z| a ETHNOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COASTS OF AMERICA AND ASIA Jesup North Pacific Expedition PART I. NEW YORK AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Ss 1900 Te el te el i eS ~ 4 AP ages THOMPSON INDIANS - TuoMPSON INDIANS - THOMPSON INDIANS - THOMPSON INDIANS - Tompson INDIANS TuompsoOn INDIANS - THOMPSON INDIANS THOMPSON INDIANS THOMPSON INDIANS THoMPsoN INDIANS - “3 5 6 5 a Tuompson INDIAN. CHILD AND Suuswapr INDIAN SHusWAP INDIAN. - 5 é 0 SHusWapP INDIAN Suuswap INDIANS HALF-BLOOD SHUSWAP INDIANS THOMPSON RIVER AT SPENCES BRIDGE Ture CoyoTE ROCKS NEAR SPENCES BRIDGE Rock IN NICOLA VALLEY UNDERGROUND HOUSE, Nicora VALLEY Ruins OF UNDERGROUND House, NicoLa VALLEY FRAMEWORK OF LODGE, THOMPSON INDIANS 5 FRAMEWORK OF LopGE, THOMPSON INDIANS FRAMEWORK OF SwEaAt-LODGE, THOMPSON INDIANS FRAMEWORK OF SweEatT-LopGE, NICOLA VALLEY - LILLOOET INDIANS - LILLooet INDIANS LILLooET INDIANS LitLooet INDIANS CONTENTS eee ETHNOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COASTS OF AMERICA AND ASIA PLATES 1-11. THOMPSON Inprans. — The Thompson Indians speak a language belonging to the Salishan stock. They inhabit the southern interior of British Columbia around the confluence of Fraser and Thompson Rivers. In type they resemble other tribes inhabiting the plateaus of southern British Columbia. They are rather short of stature. Their heads are broad, though small. Their faces are narrow, as compared to those of the Coast Indians, and the nose is in most cases of a marked Indian type. Following is a list of average measurements obtained from a series of seventy men and sixty-five women :— MEN WOMEN mm. mn Stature 7 . = “ . 1634 1540 Length of head . : F e 186 179 Breadth of head , . 2 7 i 156 150 Breadth of face . “ ; 147 139 Height of face . . = ‘ 5 “ 120 112 A full description of the customs of these Indians has been published in the “Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History,” under the title “The Thompson Indians of British Columbia,” by James Teit. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. PLATES 12-15. SHUSWAP Inp1ans.— The Shuswap Indians speak a language closely related to that of the Thompson Indians. It also belongs to the Salishan stock. They inhabit a large portion of the interior of British Columbia, extending in a general way from the upper course of Thompson River northwestward to the upper course of Fraser River. They are divided into a number of bands. The individuals represented on Plates 12-15 belong to the Kamloops band, who inhabit the region near the confluence of North and South Thompson Rivers. In type the Shuswap Indians are quite similar to the Thompson Indians. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. 3 ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST. Pirate 16. THomrson River At SPENCES Brince.—Reproduced from a photograph taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Piate 17. THE Coyote Rocks. —The Thompson Indians, who inhabit the region around Spences Bridge, have traditions in regard to many rocks and bowlders of remarkable shape found in their country. Ac- cording to their beliefs, they are transformed beings. The three rocks shown on this plate are believed to be the Coyote, his wife, and her basket, transformed into stone. Reproduced from a photograph taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Prate 18. Rock 1n Nicora Vatiey.—The trail up Nicola Valley leads past the foot of the high cliffs shown on this plate. The Indians were in the habit of shooting arrows toward the top of the cliff to test their strength. Reproduced from a negative taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. PiatTEs 19, 20. UNDERGROUND House, Nicora VaLiey.—In former times the Thompson Indians lived in underground houses which were supported by four heavy beams. Access was had through a hole in the top by means of a ladder. The plate shows the ruins of one of the last houses of this kind in existence. The details of construction of the house are recognized on Plate 20. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. Plates 21, 22. FRAMEWORK OF LopcE, Tuomrson Inpians.—In summer the Thompson Indians live in lodges covered with mats. Several styles of lodges are in use. Some have a somewhat rectangular ground plan (Plate 21), while others are conical, like the tents of the Plains Indians (Plate 22). On the tree to the right in Plate 22 a number of cradles may be seen suspended from the branches. It is customary among these Indians, after the children have outgrown their cradles, to suspend the latter on branches of trees. The cradles are never used for more than one child. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. PLATES 23, 24. FRAMEWORK OF Sweat-Lopce. — The Thompson Indians use the sweat-lodge quite extensively. It is generally made of supple wands both ends of which are stuck into the ground (Plate 23), 4 ALBUM OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST. or sometimes of poles arranged in the form of a small conical tent (Plate 24). The framework is covered with mats or other material. A fire is lighted outside of the lodge, in which stones are heated. When hot, these are put into the lodge, which is covered over, The person who wants to take a sweat-bath crawls into the lodge, and sprinkles water on the hot stones. After he has staid inside for a sufficient length of time, he takes a plunge in cold water. Reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Harlan I. Smith. PLATES 25-28. LILLooET Inprans. —The Lillooet Indians speak a language of the Salishan stock, which is closely related to the languages of the Thompson and Shuswap Indians. They inhabit a valley ex- tending from Harrison Lake northward to Fraser River. They present a very peculiar type. They are very short of stature, and their heads differ remarkably from those of the neighboring tribes. The heads are small and very broad. Their faces also are broader than those of other tribes of the interior. This may be due to intermixture with Coast tribes. The plates are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr. Roland B. Dixon. Album of the North Facitl PLavk 1 Vou af Album Album of the North PLare 4 Thompson Pacitie ¢ Indians 4 Album of the North Pacifle PLarre 5 Coast. Album of the North Pacifie Coast Piste Thompsor Indiar if Album of the North Pacific Coust. PLATE 9 Thompson Indians Thompson Indian Child and u Indian £ns W454 We We. SR eee ee PLATE 14 Shuswap Indians Album of the North Pacific Coast. PLATR 15 Half-blood Shuswap Indians Album of the North Pacifie Coast. Plate 16 at Spences Bridge Thompson River Album of the North Facitic VOsst. PLATE 17 The Coyote Rocks net Album of the North Pacifie Coast. Piare 18 Album of the North Pacifle Coast PLATE 19 Underground House, N A VG PLATE = , EL es Album of the North Pacific Coast. rE Indians Framework of Lodge Thompson Album of the North Pacific Coast. PLATE 23 Framework of Sweat-Lodge, Thompson Indians ro