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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
FLOEA
BRITISH INDIA.
Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume.
Part XVII. pp. 1-224, was published Bee. 1890. „ XVIII. pp. 225-448 „ /% 1892.
„ XIX. pp. 449-G72 „ ^ep^. 1893.
„ XX. pp. 673 to end „ April 1894^.
THE
FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.
SIR J. D. HOOKER, C.B., K.C.S.I.
M.D,, F.E.S., D.C.L. OXON- , LL.D. CANTAB.
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
VOL. VI.
orchideje to cyperacejs.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OP THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL.
London : L. EEEVE & CO.,
PUBLISHERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS.
6, HENKIETTA STREET, CO VENT GARDEN, 1894.
LIBRARY
UNIVERSIIY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
LONDON : PBINTED BT GH.BEET AND BIVINGTON, LD. ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, CLEBIENWELL, E.C.
FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.
Order OXLVIII. ORCKXDBH:.
Continued from Yol. ▼. p. 858.
Tribe II. Vandese. (See Vol. v. p. 671.)
39. EUIiOPKZA, Br.
Terrestrial quite glabrous herbs ; rbizome tuberous, rarely pseudo- bulbous. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers, plaited. Scape lateral, flowers racemose, rarely panicled. Sepals sLudpetals free, spreading. Lip erect from the base or foot of the column ; base saccate or with a mentum or short spur ; lateral lobes erect, embracing the column, rarely 0 ; midlobe spreading or recurved; disk crested, softly spinous or lamellate. Column short or long, top oblique, entire ; anther terminal, 2-celled ; pollinia 2 or 4, sessile or attached by a short strap to a discoid gland of the rostellum. — Species about 60, tropical, chiefly Asiatic.
I follow Blume, and others, in removing Cyrtopera from Cyrtopodium (where it is placed in Gen. Plant.), and including it as a section under ^ulophia, there being a direct passage from the species with, to those without, a foot to the column. In sect. Cyrtopera the lateral sepals are inserted either on the foot of the column, leaving the spur or sac of the lip free, or their insertion extends along the spur, which then is technically a mentum. The perianth of Eulophia is undistinguishable from that of Dipodium, Geodorum, Plocoglottis, and Tainia, of which the two first might but for habit be united with it ; the two latter differ in having creeping rhizomes, usually solitary leaves, and more than 2 pollinia. Chrysoglossum resembles a JEulophia with the pollinia free from the rostellum.
Sect. I. ZSulophia proper. Column not produced into a foot.
* Leaves and flowers coetaneous, or nearly so.
t Pseudobulb very large, epigeal, green. Leaves very narrow. Scape often branched.
1. IS. virens, Brown in Bot. Beg. sub t. 673 {Eulophus) ; leaves grass- like, bracts very small ovate acute, sepals linear-oblong subacute or obtuse, petals elliptic obtuse, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, disk with 5-crested nerves. Lindl. Gen. <Sf Sp. Orchid. 182; in Journ. Linn. Soc. in. 24<; Wight Ic. t. 913 ; Bat. Mag. t. 6679 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. E. carinata, Lindl. Gen. 4" Sp.^ Orchid. 183. Aerobium carinatum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 718. Serapias epidendrea, Betz Ohs. vi. 65. Limodorum virens, Swartz in Nov, Act Upsal. vi. 79 ; Boxh. Cor. PL i. t. 38 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 467. L. epiden- droides, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. \24i.—Rheede Sort. Mai. xii. t. 26, and ? 25.
Bengal and the Deccan Peninsula J in dry ground, Roxburgh, &c. Ceylon, in the Central Province, Walker, &c.
VOL. VI. B
96196
2 CXLViii. ORCHIDEJ;;. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eulophia.
Pseudobulb large, couico-obpyrifortn. Leaves niauy, 6-10 by f in., midrib stout. Scape 1-3 ft.; sej.als f-1 in., and petals green with reddish nerves; lip as long as the sepals, white with red crested nerves ; spur short, subcylindric or conical. — Kheede's xii. t. 26 is, I think, this ; his t. 25 may be E. graminea.
2. IS. sreLminea, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7372 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 182 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 23 ; leaves grass-like, bracts small lanceolate, sepals lanceolate acuminate and elliptic-lanceolate acute petals tessellate, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, disk with 3-5 lamellate or crested nerves which are fimbriate on the rounded midlobe. E. inconspicua, Griff. Notul. 349 ; Ic, PI. Asiat. t. 326 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25.
Assam, Mann. Bengal, J. D. H., Clarke. Tenasserim, Parish. Nicobae Islands, Kurz. Singapore, Wallich. Malacca, Maingay. Teavancore, Wight. Ceylon, at Damballa, Trimen.
Habit of E. virens and colour of flower, but leaves usually shorter, flowers much smaller, and spur cylindric with often a clavate tip. — Cuming's specimens No. 2059 are marked as from Malacca in some collections, from B.)hol Island (Philippines) in others.
ft Roots tuberous, hypogeal. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Scape unbranched.
§ Lijp longer than hroad, side lohes short or 0.
3. E* oclireata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 21 ; leaves elliptic acuminate, scape with broad loose ochreate sheaths, bracts lanceolate equalling the ovary, sepals linear-oblong, petals broadly elliptic acute, lip broadly ovate entire, tip rounded, nerves all fimbriate. Dalz. Sf Gibs, Bomh. Fl. 265.
The CONCAN and Canaua, Law, Balzell, &c.
fi'^ewi stout. Leaye* 3-5, 4-10 in., many-nerved, sessile. Scape 10-12 in., very sLout below ; racemo many- and rather dense-flJ., bracts ^-^ in. ; sepals f in. long ; spur a small sac.
4. £. herbacea, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 182; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 24 ; bracts very long, flowers large, sepals linear-lanceolate acu- minate, petals elliptic or lanceolate obtuse or acute very many-nerved, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe ovate-oblong, disk with many fimbriate nerves. Dalz. Sf Gibs. JBomh. Fl. 265. E. brachypetala, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. >oc. I. c. E. albitiora, Fdgew. mss. Limodorum bicolor, Boxh. Fl. Lnd. iii. 469.
Western Himalaya ; Garwhal, alt. 4-7000 ft., liuule, Falconer, Fdgeworth, &c. Bengal, RoxUirgh ; at liungpore, Clarke. Concan, Dulz. ^ Gibs. I. c.
Stem 4-6 in., rather slender, sheathed. Leaves 6-8 in., linear-lanceolate, variable in breadth, many-nerved. Scape 2-3 ft., stout ; sheaths large, acuminate ; raceme short, 8-10-fld. ; bracts 1^-2 in. ; pedicel with ovary ^-1 in. ; sepals IJ in., green ; petals very variable, white, nerves purple ; lip white, nerves yellow ; spur very short, obtuse. — The flowers seem to be often produced before the leaves. Lindley gives Ceylon, Macrae, as a habitat, probably by the same error as aflects F. explanata.
5. E. lachnocheila, ILooh. f.\ scape stout, raceme lax-fid., bracts equalling or exceeding the ovary subspathaceous, sepals lanceolate acumi- nate and shorter elliptic petals many-nerved, lip narrow pubescent, side lobes short rounded, midlobe obovate-oblong retuse, margin waved, disk deusely softly spiny.
Eulophia.'] cxLViii. orchidEzK. (J. D. Hooker.) 3
Uppek Buema ; at Mayponf^o, Herh. Hort. CcdcM.
Tuber globose. Stem 4-6 in. Leaves 2, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Scape with the raceme 18 in. ; sheaths 2, acuminate ; raceme 6-8-fld. ; bracts |-1 in., mem- branous, linear-lanceolate, subspathaceous ; flowers 1 in. diam. ; lateral sepals inserted at the base of the column ; lip shorter than the sepals ; hypochile obovate, as long as the rather narrower epichile ; spur short, cylindric j column rather long.
6. E. hracteoseL^Lindl in Wall. Cat. 7366; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 180; in Journ. Linn. Soc. ill. 23 ; bracts very long, sepals oblong, tip rounded, petals broadly obovate very many-nerved, lip narrowly obovate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed, disk with 5-crenulate veins. E. grandiflora, Lindl. Gen. &f 8:p. Orchid. 181.
Khasia Hills; on the north slopes, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. ^ T. T. Chittagong, Wallich. Tenasserim, alt. 3500 ft., Parish.
Stem 4-6 in., sheathed. Leaves 1-3, 10-18 in., linear-lanceolate, petioled, 3-nerved. Scape stout, shorter than the leaves, clothed with long sheaths; raceme short, few-fld. ; flowers fleshy; bracts 1-1^ in. ; sepals f in., yellow ; lip white or lilac, streaked; spur short, obtuse. CajojfwZe 1 in.— Lindley's habitat of Ceylon for grandiflora is no doubt an error.
7. ZS> elata* Hooh. f. ; bracts equalling the ovaries, sepals falcate lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved, petals elliptic-lanceolate obtuse strongly 5-nerved, lip narrowly ovate-oblong obtuse entire, disk with 3 slender moniliform nerves.
Perak, ScortecUniy 2023.
Leaves 12-14 in., petioled, elongate, linear-lanceolate. Scape 3^ ft., very stout below, sheaths appressed ; raceme elongate, lax-fld. ; bracts ^-J in. ; sepals as long, fleshy ; lip equalling the sepals ; spur a small sac j column short, stout, hooded ; young fruit 2 in., deflexed.
8. E. ezplanata, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 180 ; bracts shorter than the ovary, sepals oblong-ovate subacute and broader elliptic petals 5-nerved, lip subpanduriform, base saccate with spreading nerves, disk with two thick crenate lamellae, midrib greatly thickened and caruncled towards the truncate emarginate tip. Dipodium scariosum. Herb. Ham.
Nepal ; at Maghada, in the Morung, Hamilton. Noeth-West India {Ic. Falconer).
Leaves vei'y young at the flovvering time, surrounded at the base, along with 1 or 2 scapes, with short broad ^-1 in. long sheaths. Scape 4-8 in,, rather stout, 10-12-fld. ; bracts \-^ in. ; pedicels with ovary f in. ; perianth yellow and purplish, spreading, |-| in. diam. ; lip sessile, base adnate to the lateral sepals; sac or spur broadly conical, obtuse ; column very short.' — An anomalous species. Lindley's specimens being counterparts of Hamilton's, his Ceylon habitat is doubtless an error.
§§ Lip broader than long^ side lobes short or 0.
9. E. obtusa, Hook./.; bracts equalling the ovaries, sepals oblong- lanceolate acute 7-nerved and broadly elliptic obovate obtuse many-nerved petals tessellate, lip clawed 3-lobed, side lobes rounded, midlobe much longer oblong, disk with 2 lobed calli at the mouth of the spur and 3-5 thickened nerves ending in calli within the apex, claw with a reniform callus on each side. Cyrtopera obtusa, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 190.
Noeth-West India; on the banks of the Tonse river, Royle. Leaves 12 in., narrowly ensiform. Scape very tall; raceme elongate, lax-fld. ; bracts ^-^ in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; sepals f in. ; petals rather shorter, but
B 2
4 CXLViii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Eulophia.
much broader; lip as long as the sepals; spur conic, acute, curved, placed between the lateral lobes ; column short, stout. — Placed by Lindley in Ct/rtopera, but there is no foot to the column ; he also errs in describing the sepals and bracts as obtuse.
10. ZS. pratensiS; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25; bracts shorter than the ovary, sepals oblong obtuse 5-nerved, petals subsimilar, lip sessile broader than long, side lobes large oblong rounded, midlobe small semi- circular, disk with three crenate nerves ending in crenate calli on the mid- lobe. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. FL 265. E. ramentacea, Wight Ic. t. 1666 {not of Lindl.).
The Decoan Peninsula. ; in pastures, from the Concan southwards.
Leaves few, 10-12 in., long-petioled, narrowly lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved. Scape 1-3 ft.; sheaths acute, appressed ; bracts ^-| in., ovate -lanceolate; sepals f in., fleshy; spur conical, acute. Capsule 1^ in., elliptic, turgid. — The broad lip is like that of E. macrostachya. Lindley and the Bombay Flora err in describing this species as leafless when flowering.
11. E. macrostachya, Lindl. Gen. S( 8p. Orchid. 183; in Bot. Beg. t. 1972 ; bracts lanceolate, sepals lanceolate acute, petals rather broader, lip broader than long, side lobes short obtuse, midlobe revolute rounded, disk 2-lamellate at the base. Bot. Beg. t. 1972 ; Bot. Mag. t. 6246 ; Wight Ic. t. 1667-8 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 646.
Teavancoee and Nilghiri Hills, Wight. Ceylon, in the Central Province, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites, &c.
Pseudohulb 2-6 in., fusiform. Leaves 2-3, 6-10 in., petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, 3-nerved. Scape stout and raceme together 2-3 ft. ; sheaths appressed, obtuse ; bracts caducous ; sepals and petals ^ in., green ; lip golden yellow with red stripes ; spur a 2-lobed green sac. Capsule 2 in.
12. IS. IHannii, Hook.f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; scape tall, raceme many- fld., bracts shorter than the^ ovary, sepals oblong-lanceolate acute many- nerved, petals broader elliptic many-nerved, lip rhomboidly ovate obtuse obscurely lobed, disk with branching crested nerves. Cyrtopera Mannii, BeicU.f. in Flora 1872, 274.
Upper Assam, Mann.
Leaves 12 by ^ in., narrowly linear-lanceolate. Scape with raceme 3 ft. ; sheaths appressed, acute ; bracts ^-^ in., ovate-lanceolate ; sepals f in. long, lip shorter ; spur conical; column short, clavate.
** Flowers appearing long before the leaves. (I have not seen the leaves of any species of this subdivision.)
13. E. caxnpestris, Wall. Cat. 7617 ; bracts variable, raceme many- fld., sepals |-| in. linear-lanceolate acute 5-7-nerved, petals oblanceolate 3-5-nerved, lip cuneate-obovate or oblong, side lobes short, midlobe orbicu- lar quadrate or oblong crenulate, disk with 3 central nerves lamellate at the base and tubercled or spinulose on the midlobe. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 185 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 24 iexcl. syn. Wight) ; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. E. ramentacea & rupestris, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7367, 7368 ; Gen. 8c Sp. Orchid. 185 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25. E. hemileuca, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25. Limodorum ramentaceum, Boxb. Sort. Beng. 63 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 467. L. dubium. Ham. mss. Bletia Dabia, Bon Brodr. 30. Dipodium ramentaceum, Herb. Ham.
Plains of India; from the Panjab to Oudh, Bengal, Chittagong, and the Deccan. — Distbib. Affghanistan.
Eul(yphia.'] cxlviii. OECniDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 5
Scape 6-18 in., stout or slender from a deformed tuber ; sheaths subapprossed,
' acute ; flowers many, subsecund ; sepals slightly attached to the base of the lip,
. variable in breadth, acute or acuminate, yellow or green striped with pink j petals
narrower; lip as long as the sepals, side lobes rounded or subacute, midlobe usually
purple ; spur conical, subclavate or subacute ; column rather slender. Capsule | in.,
ellipsoid. — The lip of £". hemileuca is rather tubercled than spinulose.
14. Zi. stenopetala, JJndl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 26 ; scape- sheaths loose, bracts longer than the ovaries, raceme few-fld., sepals | in. linear- oblong 5-nerved, petals lanceolate acuminate 3-nerved, lip broadly cuneate, side lobes rounded much larger than the suborbicular crisped midlobe, disk with 3 nerves tubercled between the side lobes and on the midlobe.
Bhotan Himalaya ; dry hills at Punaka, Oriffith.
Scape 12-18 in., slender; sheaths obtuse; bracts ^-f in.; lip as long as the sepals, spur clavellate. — Specimens indifferent. Very near S. campestris, but the lip is much broader and side lobes more spreading.
15. E. decipiens, Gfrijf. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 155, 1. 13, f. 8-12 ; flowers secund, bracts minute, sepals and petals \ in. linear hardly falcate acute 5-nerved, lip obovate concave 3-lobed above the middle, midlobe much the largest, margin crisped, disk 5-nerved at the base, 10-13- nerved in the middle of which 4-5 form fleshy fibres on the midlobe, spur short slender saccate.
NicoBAE Islands ; at Kamorta, Kurz.
Scape 2-3 ft. j root tuberous ; sheaths small, lanceolate. Leaves not seen. Raceme 3-4 in. ; pedicel with ovary \-\ in.; sepals and petals white; spur ^ in. — " Closely resembles Pachystoma senile, but pollinia of Eulophia" I have seen no specimens.
16. S. densiflora^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25 ; scape robust, bracts shorter than the ovaries, sepals 1-1^ in. narrowly oblanceolate acuminate, petals narrower, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe orbicular, disk with 3 lamelliform nerves which are crenate or interrupted from the middle to near the apex, spur long slender.
SiKKiM Himalaya ; at the foot of the hills, J. D. R. Bhotan, Orlfith.
Scape 1-3 ft., from a depressed tuber ; lower sheaths obtuse, upper acuminate ; raceme many -fid. ; flowers secund, deflexed, very narrow ; column short. — The long narrow flowers are very characteristic of this species.
17. E. burmanica, Hook. f. ; scape robust, sheaths short loose, raceme many- and dense-fld., bracts filiform equalling the ovary, sepals i in. oblong obtuse many-nerved, petals narrower 3-nerved, lip cuneately obovate, side lobes short rounded, midlobe small ovate, disk with 2 carun- culate nerves.
Upper Burma ; Bhamo, Qrifith.
Tuher or base of scape oblong. Scape 14 in.; sheaths 1 in. ; raceme 4 in. ; bracts ^-i in., almost capillary, reflexed; pedicel with ovary as long ; spur conical ; column short ; pollinia globose. — A remarkable species, of which there is but one very bad specimen, with twisted scape ; it is possibly near E. macrohulhon.
Sect. II. Cyrtopera. Co^i^mw produced into a foot.
* Lateral sepals inserted on the spur of the lip {see also C. explanata).
18. E. nuda, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7371; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 180 ; tall, raceme elongate many-fld., bracts various, flowers large green
6 CfXLViii. orchidej:. (J. D. Hooker.) [^EulopTiia.
or pnrple, sepals linear-oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic-oblong many- nerved, lip obovate-oblong obtuse, side lobes obscure, midlobe rounded or retuse crisped, disk crested with many crenulate or tubercled nerves. E. bicolor, Dalz. in Kooh. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. (1857) 343 ; Balz, Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 264 ; Whip. Ann. vi. 647. Cyrtopera fusca, Wight Ic. t. 1690 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 ; Thwaites JEnum. 429 ; Walp. I. c. 668. C. plicata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7362 ; Gen. ^ Sf). Orchid. 190. C. nuda, Reichb.f. in Flora 1872, 274. 0. G-ardneri, Thwaites Fnum. 302. C. myso- rensis, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32. C. laxiflora, Gardn. mss. Dipodium Roniayte & plicatum, Herb. Ham. — ? Bheede Hart. Malab. xii. t. 26.
Teopical Himalaya, from Nepal eastwards, Assam, the Khasia Hills, MuNNiPOBB, Pegu and Tekasseeim. Uppee Burma {Eerl. Hart. Calcut.). The Deccan Peninsula ; from the Concan southwards. Ceylon j in the Central Province.
Tuber large. Leaves 10-14 in., elliptic-lanceolate, very variable in breadth. Scape 1-3 ft., stout ; sheaths appressed ; bracts rarely equalling the ovary ; sepals 1 in.; mentum rounded or conical; lip shorter than the sepals. Ca<psulel\m., fusiform. — There may be more than one species here, so great are the differences in colour of the flower, from a pale green to a dull purple. There is in Herb. Wight a very fleshy -flowered species or variety (C ^rMwomawa, Wight mss.) from the Kaitea Falls (Nilghiris), with a root as large as the fist, the lip with a short horn and a linear-obloug pointed shaggy disk ; its sepals are green and petals and lip white.
19. E. squalida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 77 ; raceme elon- gate many-fld., bracts equalling the ovary, sepals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, petals elliptic-oblong many-nerved, lip as broad as long sub- equally 3-lobed strongly closely nerved, midlobe crisped retuse, disk naked. Cyrtopera squalida, Ueichb. f. in Bonpland. 1857, 38 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 668.
Penang ; on Govt. Hill, Curtis. Singapoee, Eidley. — Disteib. Malay Islands.
Stem rooting from the base without a tuber. Leaves 8-12 by 1^-2 in., narrowly lanceolate, some long-petioled. Scape 18-24 in., stout or slender ; sheaths appressed ; sepals |-1 in. long ; lip | in. across the side lobes, base rounded ; mentum conical.
** Lateral sejoals inserted on the foot of the column, free of the spur of the lip or nearly so.
20. £■ bicarinata, Hook. f. ; raceme oblong densely many-fld., sepals linear-oblong acute undulate, petals shorter broader many-nerved, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes narrow, midlobe large orbicular crisped, two lateral nerves forming long calli at the base of the disk and with the median nerve tubercled on the midlobe. Cyrtopera bicarinata, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7363 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 189 ; in Journ. Limi. Soc. iii. 31 {excl. cit. Lc. Griff.). Epipactis ? bicarinata, Herb. Ham. Cymbidium, Griff. Notul. iii. 343, No. 9 ; Lc. Plant. Asiat. t. 320, f . 3 {pollen).
SiKKiM Himalaya, Gamble. Assam, Hamilton. Khasia Hills, alt. 2-3000 ft., Clarice. Munnipobe, Watt. Uppee Buema, Griffth.
Flowering before leafing. Scape 8-30 in., stout or slender ; sheaths inflated ; bracts slender, short or long; flowers resupinate, purplish brown, greenish or yellowish; sepals 1^ in. long; lip longer than the sepals, tip rounded or notched ; spur conical, obtuse. — Flowers often streaked with pink. I have not seen leaves, and Griffith does not describe them ; he says the flowers are purplish brown and the lip broadly obtusely spurred.
21. £■■ Candida, Hooh.f.\ flowering with the leaves, scajDe slender.
Utdophia.J cncLViii. orchide^. (J. J). Hooker.) T
raceme short many-fld., bracts shorter than the ovary, sepals linear-oblong, petals shorter elliptic obtuse, side lobes of lip short, midlobe large orbicular crisped, nerves of disk as in JE. bicarinata. Cyrtopera Candida, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 (in part).
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. Assam, Mann.
Flowering before leafing. Leaves 8-18 by 3-3|^ in., elliptic -lanceolate, caudate, 5-nerved ; petiole 6-8 in., slender. /Sca/je 18-24 in.; sheaths rather loose; raceme 3-4 in.; bracts ^^ in., more turgid than in E . bicarinata ', flowers 1^ in. diam., white or greenish ; spur conical. Capsule 1 in., narrowly ellipsoid. — Perhaps a var. of IE. bicarinata. Lindley's description is taken from a specimen gathered by myself, and a drawing of ^. nuda (Ic. Cathcart), from which the root, the colour, and the anther are taken.
22. E. flava^ Hooh.f. ; tall, robust, flowers very large, sepals oblong- lanceolate finely acuminate, petals as long much broader elliptic many- nerved, lip large saccate, side lobes large rounded, midlobe orbicular, disk with 2 small pyriform basal calli and 3 crenate lamellae. Cyrtopera flava, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7364 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 189 ; Eoi/le HI. 370, t. 88 ; Beichh.f. in Gard. Chron. 1870, 1407. C. Culleni, Wight Ic. t. 1754; Walp. Ann. vi. 667. Dipodium flavum, Herh. Ham.
Westeen Teopical Himalaya; from Garwhal, alt. 4-5000 ft., to Nepal. Tbavancore, Cullen. — Distrib. Hong Kong.
Flowering before leafing. Scape 2-5 ft., as thick as the finger or less ; raceme 1-2 ft.; bracts ^-f in.; flowers lemon -yellow ; sepals 1-1| in. long, variable in breadth ; lip as long as the sepals ; spur a broad sac ; anther with a 2-fid top, and long anterior process ; pollen obtusely angled. — Wight describes the leaves as 2 ft. long, lanceolate.
23. E. xnacrobulbon, Parish Sf Beichh.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144 ; scape robust, raceme densely many-fld., bracts filiform, sepals linear- oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic obtuse many-nerved, lip cuneate, side lobes short subterminal, midlobe small orbicular crisped, disk with two nerves thickened at the base and together with the middle nerve crenate towards the apex.
SiKKiM Himalaya {Ic. in Herh. Caleutt.). Tenasserim; at Moulmein,, Parish.
Tuber large. Scape with raceme 18 in., as thick as the little finger ; sheaths basal, oose; bracts ^-f in., equalling the filiform pedicels; sepals ^-f in. long; petals rather broader ; lip shorter than the sepals ; spur conic, obtuse ; anther with a pro- duced 2-fid top ; pollinia oblong. — Parish describes the leaves as oblong, acuminate (more likely elliptic-lanceolate), sepals and petals brown, lip yellow, spotted red. The Sikkim drawing represents a stem as thick as the middle finger, with sessile obovate leaves 1-2 ft. long, purple beneath and on the margin ; a scape as thick as a goose- quill, dark purple, as are the flowers ; raceme 12 in., many-fld. ; bracts very slender, as long as the ovary ; sepals | in. long and petals violet-purple ; lip paler.
24. XS> macrorhizoiij Sook.f. ; scape robust, raceme lax-fld., bracts long slender, sepals lanceolate acuminate and shorter obovate petals many- nerved, lip broad obtusely 3-lobed many-nerved, 3 median nerves tubercled, disk of mid- and side-lobes rough, spur conical.
Sikkim Himalaya; at Ryang, alt. 2000 ft., Kin^ (in Serb. Caleutt.).
BootstocTc elongate, as thick as the thumb, ringed. Leaves not seen. Scape 8-12 in., sheaths 3-4, loose, obtuse ; raceme 2-4 in. j bracts ^f in., about equalling the ovary ; flowers 1 in. diam., reddish sepals adnate to the foot of the column but free of the spur of the lip ; lip much phnrter than the sepals, nerves slender, con-
8 oxLviii. OROHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eulophia.
tracted above the broad rounded base, then dilating into the rounded side lobes, margins of midlobe crisped and orenate.
25. z:> sangruinea. Hook. f. ; flowers large, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate, petals shorter elliptic apiculate many-nerved, lip short, side lobes rounded, midlobe orbicular or ovate, disk with many crenulate nerves. Cyrtopera sanguinea, Lindl, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32 ; Bot. M.ag. t. 6161.
SiZKiM and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., &c. Khasia Hills, alt. 5000 ft., Mann.
Flowering before leafing. Scape 6-10 in., stout ; sheaths loose. Raceme 6-12-fld. ; bracts slender, about equalling the ovaries ; flowers 1| in. diam. j disk red purplish or brown ; lip white, pink or green ; spur large, broad, obtuse ; petals (always ?) with an apiculate notch at the apex j top of anther obscurely notched, pollinia ovoid. — Leaves unknown.
26. E. andamanensis, Reichh. f. in Flwa 1872, 276; raceme lax-fid., bracts short, sepals linear-lanceolate 3-5-nerved acuminate, petals rather broader obtuse 3-nerved, side lobes of lip obtuse, midlobe large broadly clawed orbicular crisped retuse, disk with the 3 median nerves thickened between the side lobes, all other nerves thick divaricating and much branched.
Tenassebim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Andaman Islands, Kurz.
Stem at the base tuberous, with thick roots. Leaves short during flowering, linear-lanceolate. Scape 1-2 ft. ; sheaths short ; bracts shorter than the pedicels ; sepals f in. long ; lip shorter than the sepals, white with green edges and nerves ; spur conic, obtuse ; anther 2-tubercled. — This much resembles E.virentt, but the leaves are much broader, and the column produced into a foot.
species unknown to me.
Ctrtopeea eufa, Thwaites Enum. 302 ; rootstock tuberous, leaves not seen, scape 2 ft. reddish, sheaths 3 distant, bracts narrowly lanceolate equaUing the ovary, flowers rufous 2 in. diam., sepals oblong-lanceolate acute rather longer than the obovate acute petals, lip cucullate, nerves within pilose, side lobes obtuse, midlobe as long rounded apiculate, spur short obtuse, column linear slightly contracted in the middle, capsule 2i in. long oblong. — Ceylon, at Hantani, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. 3566).
E. atro-vibens, Lindl. Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 183, described by Lindley from a drawing made for Wallich in the Calcutta Garden, and hence supposed to be a native of India, is a Mauritian species, E. monophylla, Spens. Moore in Baker's Flora of the Mauritius, p. 360 (where it is erroneously confounded with the Brazihan E. maculata).
Eulophia sp., Trimen Cat. PI. Ceyl. 89 (C.P. 3958). Not named or described. I fail to recognize the i'oWovfmg Eulophias described in Griffith's Notula?, vol. iii. p. 162, and Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 285, f . 2 ; p. 263 and t. 285, f. 2 ; p. 266 and t. 285, f. 3 ; p. 350 and t. 351 B, f. 14.
40. CITBIBIDZUBI, Stvartz.
Epiphytes, rarely terrestrial ; stem very short, rarely elongate and pseudobulbous ; roots tufted. Leaves very long, narrow and coriaceous, rarely short. Scape loosely sheathed ; flowers often large in suberect or drooping racemes. Sepals and subequal petals free, erect or spreading. Lip sessile at the base of the column and embracing it upward*, base
Cymhidium.'] cxlviii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 9
concave, side lobes erect, midlobe recurved ; disk with usually 2 pubes- cent median ridges. Column long, foot 0 ; anther 1- or imperfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 2 deeply grooved or 4, subglobose or pyramidal, sessile on the broad strap or gland. — ^Species about 30, tropical and subtropical, on the Mountains of Asia, with a few African and Australian.
* Leaves rudimentary or 0 at flowering time.
1. C. macrorhizon, Lindl. Gen.Sf Sp. Orchid. 162; terrestrial, root- stock creeping branched, bracts narrow membranous.
N.W. India, Eoyle, Falconer. Khasia Hills, alt. 5-6000 ft., Looh, &c. ; Naga Hills (ileri. Calcutt.).
Rootstock as thick as a goose-quill, branched. Scape very short, with the raceme 6-9 in., ascending, 6-8-fld. ; basal sheaths short, or elongating to 2 in. and narrowly subfoliaceous ; bracts \-\ in,, narrow, membranous; pedicel with ovary 1 in. ; flower 1^-lf in. broad, sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, and rather broader petals white or pale yellowish with pink striae ; lip white spotted with crimson, side lobes narrow, midlobe ovate obtuse, disk with 2 thick ridges between the side lobes; anther papillose ; pollinia 4, subhemispheric. — A remarkable species, a parasite according to Clarke. Lindley describes the rootstock as jointed, and the ridges of the lip as arcuate.
2. C. sikkiznensej HooTc. f. ; epiphytic, bracts minute triangular- ovate.
SiKKiM Himalaya ; Lachen Valley, alt. 6000 ft., J. D. S.
Rootstock very stout. Scape with many obtuse basal sheaths 2-3 in. long, those higher up 1 in. long ; raceme 4-8 in., more or less decurved, rather stout, 20-30-fld. ; bracts a in. ; pedicel with ovary |-| in. ; dorsal sepal linear-oblong, obtuse ; lateral lanceolate, acute, subfalcate ; petals elliptic, acute ; lip as broad as long, rhombic-ovate, side lobes obscure rounded, narrowed into the very short ovate mid- lobe, disk without ridges but with 2 obscure rounded calli. — A very distinct species, overlooked by Lindley when studying my Sikkim Orchids, and mixed up with C. aloifolium,
** Leaves elliptic-lanceolate.
3. C. lancifolium, Mook Exot. Fl. t. 51 ; leaves long-petioled plicate, scape shorter than the leaves few-fld., bracts lanceolate shorter than the ovary, flowers long-pedicelled, disk of glabrous lip with two median lamellae between the side lobes. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 164 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. in. 80 ; Wall. Cat. 7351 ; Lodd. Lot. Cah. t. 927. 0. Gibsoni, Faxton Fl. Gard. iii. 618, fig. 301 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 623. C. javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 380; Lindl. I. c. 110.— Griff. Ic. Plant. Asiat, t. 300, fig. 1.
SiJBTEOPiCAL Himalaya ; from Nepal to Mishrai. Khasia Hills, alt. 4-6000 ft., Oriffith, &(i. Peeak, alt. 2-4000 ft., Scortechini, &c.— Disteib. Java, China, Japan.
Stem 2-6 in. , fleshy, fusiform ; sheaths ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; roots very long, thick and spongy. Leaves 6-10 in., petiole slender, sometimes as long. Scape nodding, 6-8-fld.; flowers 1^-2 in. diam. ; .sepals white, yellowish or greenish, lanceolate, acuminate ; petals rather broader, white with a pink midrib ; lip white spotted with red-purple, side lobes narrow, midlobe ovate obtuse.
4. C. tigrlnum. Parish in Pot. Mag. t. 5457 ; leaves short-petioled very coriaceous, scape with raceme longer than the leaves few-fld., bracts lanceolate shorter than the ovary, flower long-pedicelled, lip with 2 glabrous ridges on the disk between the side lobes.
10 cxLTiir. ORCniDEJi:. (J. D. Hookor.) {OymUdium,
Tenassebim; on Mooloe-it, alt. (JOOOffc., Parish. Bukma; on the S'lam frontier, Berkeley,
Fseudobulhs 1-1 J in., turgidly ovoid, top contracted. Xeave-* 8-5 in., recurved, petiole riirely 1 in. Scape suLeroct, with tho raceme G-8 in., 3-5-fld. ; sheaths few ; bracts snjall, ovate-lancoolate ; pedicel with ovary l-LJ in. ; flowers 2-2a in. diani. ; sepals linear, subacute, dull yellow-grcou ; petals subsimilar; lip narrowed at tho base, white spotted with red, side lobes rounded erect, midlobe oblon^r, tip rounded npiculate ; anther smooth ; poUiuia 3 angular, gland broadly t riangularly obtuse above, sides acute.
5. C. Devonlanum, Paxt. Mag. Bot. x. 97, cum ic. ; leaves stoutly petioled thickly coriaceous, petiole articulate, scape with raceme as long as the leaves drooping very many-Hd., bracts very small, pedicels very short, disk of lip with two short ridges with swollen tips between the side lobes. Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 170; lieichh.f.in Gard. Chron. 18SI, i. 395.
SiKKiM Himalaya, Mann. Kiiasia Hills, Oihson; on KoUong rock, nit. 5000 It., J. B. E. Sf T. T.
Stem very stout at tho base, obscurely psoudobulbous. Leaves several, 6-12 in., narrowed into a petiole 3-6 in. Scape very stout, 8-10 in. ; basal sheaths 1.^ in., imbricating; bracts ^ in. ; pedicel witli ovary .J-| in.; flowers IJ in. diam.; sepals oblong-lanceolate and petals green speckled with red, or pale reddish yellow streaked with red ; lip short, side lobes rounded narrowing into a small triangular ovate obtuse midlobe, purple with a darker blotch on each side lobe ; anther and pollen as in C. ehumeum, var. Parishii. Capsule 1| in., turgidly ellipsoid. — The flowers appear to vary extremely in colour. Reichenbach describes the sepals and petals as light brown with dull mauve streaks and blotches. In a specimen from Assam the tip of tho lip is white with purple spots.
*** Leaves loriform, very long, tip broadly unequally 2.1obed.
f). C. alolfollum, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 73; in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1779, ii. 218 ; racemes elongate pendulous or decurved many-fld., flowers 1^-2 in. broad, sepals and petals linear-oblong subacute, epichile broadly oblong or suborbicular equalling or shorter than the hypochile, disk with 2 curved thick lamella). Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 458 ; Lindl. Gen. ff Sp. Orchid. 165; Wall. Cat. 7352 C; Walp. Ann. vi. 624 {cxcl. Ic. Wight). 0. pendulum, Swartz^ Sf Lindl. II. c. ; Walp. I. c. (excl. cit. Bot. Reg.) ; Roxh. Cor. PI. i. 35, t. 44; Fl. Ind. iii. 458. 0. crassi folium, Wall. Cat. 7357. €. Mannii, Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. Epidendrum aloi- folium, Linn. 8p. PL 953. ^Erides Borassi, Smith in Rees Cyclop. Suppl. — Rheede Hort. Mai. xii. t. 8.
Tropical Himalaya, from East Nepal eastwards. Assam and southwards to Tenasseeim and the Andaman Islands. (? Malabar, Rheede.) — Distrib. China?
Stem short, stout. Leaves 1-3 ft. by |-2 in. Raceme 12-18 in. ; flowers variable iu colour and size, usually dull purplish brown with pale borders. — I am much puzzled with this and the following species, which appear to diller, in so far as all njy copious materials show, only in tho comparative length of tho epichile and hypochile of their lips, and in their geographical ranges, aloifolitim being strictly northern and eastern, and hicolor as strictly western. These characters would be absolute wore it not that Rhcedo's figure of the Malabar plant has the lip of aloifoUum. According to drawings in Herb. Kew and Calcutta, C. aloifolium is very variable in other respects, and three varieties are distinguishable. 1. llacemes shorter suberect fewor-fld., sepals and petals obtuse dull purple with yellowish pale nuirgins. This exactly resembles the Chinese ? C. aloifolium, Lodd. Hot. Cat. t. 9(>7 ; J acq. Hort. Schoenb. iii. 09, t. 3H3.— 2. Flowers larger, sepals and petal sub-
Gymhidinm.'] cxLvrir. oncFnDBvf?. (J. D. Hooker.) 11
acute bordered with white, lip yellowish streaked with red — all as described by Rheede. — 3, Swartz's C. pendulum, which he says is too near C. aloifoUum ; flowers small or large, sepals and petals pale dirty yellow or greenish with a more or less broad dirty purple centre, lip streaked with red. To this belongs Wallich's C. crass'i folium with pale flowers. — Lindley distinguishes C. pendulum from alvifolium chiefly by the lamella) of the lip of the former being interrupted clavate and arched behind, and of the latter continuous, approximate, confluent at their tips. Thwaites gives aloifoUum as a native of Ceylon (Jaff'na, Gardner), but as he cites Wight's Ic, no doubt hicolor is intended. Lindley's aloifoUum of Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 27 includes this, hicolor and siklcimense. Reichenbach's description of C. Mannii is that of aloifoUum, of which there are specimens in Mann's Herb, (kindly lent to me) ; as to his habitat of " Obres," Mr. Mann informs me he knows of no such place.
7. C. bicolor, Lindl. Gen. 8f Sp. 164 ; characters of C. aloifoUum, but epichile longer than the hypochile ovate-oblong narrowed towards the tip. C. aloifolium, Wight Ic. t. 1687-8 ; Dalz. (Sf Gihs. Bomh. Ft. 266 ; Thwaitea Enum. 308. ? C. erectum, Wight Ic. 1. 1753. Epidendrum aloifolium, Bat. Mag. t. 387.
The Deccan Peninsula, from the Concan southwards, and Ceylon.
For remarks on this see under C. aloifolium, from which Lindley distinguishes it chiefly by the saccate base of the lip and sigmoidly curved clavate lamella), which are interrupted in the middle and callous at the base, and the smaller differently coloured flowers, none of which characters appear to me to be satisfactory. He cites the Javanese C. aloifolium, Blume Bijdr. t. 19,. for it. — Wight's figure of C. erectum from the lyamallay Hills, which has an erect raceme, and flowers nearly 2 in. diam., is, I have little doubt, an exaggeration ; the sepals described as obtuse are figured as acute. The only lyamallay Cymbidium in his herbarium is much smaller flowered, and true bicolor.
8. C. Finlaysonlanum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7358 ; Gen. <^ Sp. Orchid. 164 ; habit, foliage, inflorescence and bracts of C. aloifolium, but flowerH larger, 2^ in. diam., midlobe of lip oblong contracted at the base, ridges on disk straight continuous or interrupted. C. Wallichii, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. 165. 0. aloifolium, Wall. Cat. 7352 A, B. 0. pendulum, Bot. Beg. 1840, t. 25 {excl. syn.). C. pendulum, var. brevilabris, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. XXX. t. 24. 0. tricolor, Miq. Choicr, t. 19.
Penang, Porter, Curtis. Singapore, Sort. Loddiges.
Leaves 1-2 ft. by f-l| in. Raceme 2-3 ft., slender ; basal sheaths short, inflated ; flowers 1-2 in. apart; sepals and petals subequal, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, dull yellow ; lip not saccate, side lobes acute, streaked with red, midlobe white, red- purple towards the tip.
9. C. pubescens, Xmc?^. m Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 75; 1841, t. 38; leaves 1-2 ft. by \ in. obtuse, scape short naked decurved, raceme short pendulous 6-10-fld,, flowers 1-1^ in. broad, sepals and petals linear obtuse, lip pubescent, hypochile saccate, disk with thick arched lamella), side lobes acute, midlobe as long as the hypochile ovate-oblong obtuse.
Singapore, Cuming {Hort. Loddiges). Distkib. Borneo (Ic. in Herb. Kew).
A much smaller plant with narrower leaves, shorter racemes, and fewer flowers than any other of this section. Sepals and petals similar, dark purple with a yellow or green margin ; lip yellow with a broad band of red-purple, or red-purple within the margin of the midlobe.
**** Leaves linear or elongate linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate.
t Bracts very small.
10. C. eburneum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 67 ; in Journ. Linn.
12 cxLViii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [CymhicUum.
SoG. iii. 28 ; scape suberect 2-3-fld- sheathed to the top, flowers 4-5 in. diam. white, hypochile of lip with a very thick 3-5-grooved pubescent golden ridge. Bot. Mag. t. 5126 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot. xv. t. 145 ; Warner Sel. Orchid, t. 21 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 16 ; Gartenji. 1880, 1. 155 ; Orchidopli. 1882, 297; Wien. III. Gartenz. 1887, t. 7, 8; Gard. CA^o;*. 1882, i. 496, f. 78; 1884, ii. 77, f. 17. C. syringodorum. Griff. Notul. iii. 338.
Eastern Himalaya; Nepal {Ic. in Serb. Kew). Sikkim, alt. 1000 ft., Clarice. Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Leaves 12-24 by |-f in., acute or acutely 2-fid. /Scape 8-12 in. ; sheaths equitant, erect, lanceolate, finely acuminate; bracts acuminate ; pedicel with ovary 1^-2 in. ; flowers very odorous ; sepals very variable in breadth ; petals subfalcate ; side lobes of lip narrow, obtuse, midlobe small, short, undulately crenate, dark yellow.
Var. Farishii ; leaves broader, lip blotched with dark purple or crimson. C. Parishii, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. ISoe. xxx. 144 ; Xen. Orchid, iii. 55, t. 224 (vert/ had); in Gard. Chron. 1874, i. 338, 566; 1878, ii. 74; Warner Orchid. Alb. t.25.— Tenasserim, on Nat-toung, alt. 5000 ft., Parish. — Reichenbach distinguishes this by the callus of the lip having no velvety line, by the spots on the lip, and by acute setiferous angles" of the pollinia. The sepals and petals are very much narrower than in Warner's figure.
Var. Williamsiana, Reichb. f. in. Gard. Chron. 1881, i. 530, has the midlobe and sides of the lip light purple and column light rose-cold.
Var. Day ana ; leaves 4 ft. by \ in. corky beneath, flowers yellow white with purple streaks. C. Dayanum, Beichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 710.' — Assam (Hart. Day). — I have not seen this.
11. C. grrandiflorum, Griff. Notul. iii. 342; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 321 ; leaves 8-24 by |-1 in., scape very robust decurved, sheaths lax, raceme 6-12-fld., flowers 3-4 in. diam., sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate acute green, lip yellowish pubescent and ciliate, midlobe large suborbicular waved and crenate blotched or speckled with red. 'C. Hookerianum, Beichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1866, 7; Batem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5574. 0. gigauteum, in part, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29. — Cymbidium sp., Griffi. Itin. Notes 145, No. 698.
Eastern Himalaya ; East Nepal, Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 5-7500 ft., Griffith, &c.
Leaf-sheaths 2-8 in., deeply ribbed and grooved. Scape 12-18 in.; lower sheaths short, obtuse, upper 4 in., acute; racemes 10-18 in., drooping; bracts very small; flowers fleshy, sweet-scented ; dorsal sepal incurved, lateral recurved ; lip with 2 hairy ridges on the disk between the side lobes.
12. C. g-igranteum, Wall. Cat. 7355; leaves 1-2 ft. by f-l| in. elongate lanceolate acuminate, scape very robust 6-12-fld., decurved or suberect, flowers 2-2| in. diam., sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate acute green streaked with red, lip yellow blotched with purple pubescent and ciliate all over, midlobe large orbicular waved. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 163 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 4; Bot. Mag. t. 4844; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 241, and Fl. Gard. ii. 14, f. 143 {flower) ; Warner Orchid. Alb. vi. t, 284 ; Griffi Notul. iii. 341 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 626. Iridiorchis gigantea, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 91, t. 26. Limodorum longifolium, Ic. Hamilt. {fid. Lindl.).
Tropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft. eastwards to Bhotan and the Khasia Mts., alt. to 4-5000 ft.
Habit of C. grandijiorum and leaves nearly as broad, but flowers smaller and differently coloured. — Blume founds the genus Iridiorchis on the protuberant base of the column forming a small sac, a character not shown in his analysis, and which I do not find in drawings on dried specimens. There are drawings of several varieties of
Cymhidium.'] cxlviii. orohide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 13
this in Herb. Kew and Calcutta, varying much in the depth of colouring of the flowers. The veins of the lip are very strong, arched and purple on the broad hypo- chile, which has 2 central hairy ridges, villous and diverging, and again meeting at the base of the epichile.
Var. ? Lowiana, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 681 ; leaves 2-3 ft. by |-| in., finely acuminate, side lobes of lip pale yellow green, midlobe dark purple with golden margins. C. Lowianum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1879, 332, 405, f. 56 ; Floral Mag. N. S. t. 353 ; Berlin Qartenz. 1885, t. 73 ; Orchidoph. 1882, 321 j 1885, 145.— Burma, Boxall (HoH. Low). — Perhaps a distinct species; the leaves are more like those of C. longifolium. The racemes attain 5 ft. in length, the very numerous flowers vary in colour, and the lip in breadth.
13. C. longrifolium, Don Prodr. 36 ; leaves 2-3 ft. by i-| in. nar- rowly linear finely acuminate, scape suberect or decurved many-fld., flowers 2-2|^ in. diam., sepals and petals linear-oblong or -lanceolate acute greenish streaked with red or purple, lip papillose within not ciliate, midlobe broadly ovate or orbicular white or yellowish spotted with red. Lindl. Gen. 8f Sp. Orchid. 163; in Journ. Linn. Sac. iii. 29; Reichh.f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, 14. C. erythraeum, Lindl. I. c. 30, Limodoram augustifolium, Herh. Sam. {ex Lindl. Gen. Sf Sj).) .
Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon, BlinJcworth, eastwards. Khasia Mts., common.
Resembles C. giganteum, but the leaves are very narrow, flowers smaller, and their colouring difierent. The lip is similar in shape, in the strong purple nerves, and pubescent ridges. Lindley's C. erythrosum is founded on a drawing of mine of the flowers and fruit of a plant gathered in Sikkim, but of which I preserved no specimens ; it has a small golden midlobe of the very narrow lip, but it otherwise does not seem to difi'er from longifolium, to which the specimens of ert/thrcsum in Lindley's Herbarium certainly belong.
ft Bracts large^ lanceolate or cymhiform.
14. C. cyperifolium, Wall. Cat. 7353 ; leaves 2-3 ft. by ^-| in., scape erect few-fld., bracts very slender equalling or exceeding the ovary, sepals and petals linear-lanceolate acute pale green and yellow streaked with red, lip narrow glabrous, greenish or white spotted with red. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 163 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28. C. haematodes, Lindl. Gen. 8f Sp. Orchid. 162. 0. viridiflorum. Griff. Itin. Notes 126, No. 454. Cyperorchis ? Wallichii, Blume Orchid. Archipel. Ind. 92. Limodorum longifolium, Hoxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 468.
SuBTEOPiCAL Himalaya; from Garwhal, alt. 5000 ft., Edgeworth, eastwards. The Khasia, Na&a and Munnipoee Hills, alt. 3500-6500 ft.
Leaves rigid, often petioled. Scape shorter than the leaves, slender ; sheaths ^-2 in., distant; flowers 4-7, distant, sweet-scented ; lip. pubescent within ; pollinia 4, broadly oblong, plano-convex, each pair of a large and small placed face to face. The Roxburghian figure of X. Zowgri/forMm, from the Khasia Hills, agrees in every respect except that the flowers are rose-cold. ; it is descinbed in the Flora Indica as having a fusiform bulb and calcarate lip ; in the drawing the bulb is the caudex denuded of leaves, and there is no trace of a spur ; the bracts, which in the drawing are \\-2, in. long, are undescribed. The species approaches Cyperorchis, difiering in habit. Lindley gives Ceylon, Macrae, as a habitat for his C. hcematodes (which is certainly cyperifolium), probably through the same error as afiects other plants attributed by him to that country and collector.
15. p. ensifoliuxn, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 77 ; leaves 2-3 ft., by f-1' in. sessile or petioled ensiformly lanceolate, bracts shorter than the
14 cxLviii. oRCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cvmbidium,
ovary, sepals and petals lanceolate acute green streaked with red, lip glabrous wkite or yellowish spotted with brown or red. Willd. 8p. PI. iv. 112 ; Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 162 ; JBot. Beg. t. 1976 (var. estriata) ; Bot. Mag. t. 1751. C. sinense, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 30 (? Willd.). Epidendrum ensifolium, Linn. Sp. PI. 90; Smith Spicileg. Bot. 22, t. 24; ? Bot. jRepos. t. 344. Limodorum ensatum, Thunh. Fl. Jap. 29 ; Kcempf. Ic. t. 3.
SiKKiM Himalaya; iu the Terai. Khasia Hills, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. B. U. 4* T. T., &c. Ceylon; in the Central Province, Thwaites. — Bistrib. China, Japan.
The Khasia plant agrees very well with Kcempfer's figure, which alone repre- sents the leaves as narrowed into a long petiole. In the Bot. Repos. the leaves are only a span long and quite sessile. The Bot. Mag. representsa very small plant with spotted lip. The Ceylon ensifolium has broader inflated lanceolate bracts. The Sikkim specimen has sessile leaves, many flowers, and a white lip with pale brown bars along the margin of the midlobe (much as in the Bot. Reg. figure) and no spots. I doubt G. sinense difiering from ensifolium. Lindley would combine them.
doubtful and excluded species.
C. ASSAMicuM, Linden Cat. 1863 {name only), ex III. Hortic. xxviii. (1881) 95.
C. CARNOSUM, Qriff. Notul. iii. 339, is probably a Eulophia.
C. CHLOEANTHUM, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc. 68 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29; Bot. Mag. t. 4907, is C. variciferum, Beichb.f. in Bonpland. 1854, 91, an Australian species.
C. ibidioides, Bon Prodr. 36, from Nepal, Wallich^ doubtfully referred by Lindley to C. giganteum, is probably a Coelogyne.
CiMBiD. sp., Grijf. Notul. iii. 343 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 319, is Tainia latijoUa. The reference is omitted at vol. v. p. 820.
41. CVPERORCKZS, Blume.
Habit, foliage and inflorescence of Cymbidium, but racemes dense-fld., perianth segments narrow and connivent below the middle or higher, lip nearly straight, erect, epichile small and very much shorter than the elongate hypochile, and poUinia usually pyriform on a short subquadrate gland. — Species 3, all Indian.
Except by the narrow lip, long hypochile, and small usually orbicular epichile (or midlobe), it is not easy to separate this genus from Cymlidium, for the poUinia vary much in form in both genera, and Gyp. Mastersii resembles very much Cymh. eburneum.
1. C. eleg'anSj Blume Eumph. iv. t. 47 ; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 93, t. 48 C ; raceme elongate, flowers 1-1| in. long straw-cold, or white, lip sparsely hairy towards the base, central ridges terminating below in 2 long pubescent calli, capsule 1 in. Bot. Mag. t. 7007. Cymbidium elegans, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7364 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 163 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 14; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28 ; Eeichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1875, i. 429. C. densiflorum. Griff. Notul. iii. 337 (the Myrung plant only).
Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 4-7000 ft., from Nepal to Bhotan. Khasia Mts. and MUNNIPORE, alt. 4-6000 ft.
Leaves l\-2 ft. by -i-1 in. Scape 6-18 in., curved, densely clothed with imbri- cating compressed lanceoiute acuminate sheaths 2-5 in. long; raceme pendulous, 4-8 in. long ; rachis slender ; flowers densely imbricate, inodorous ; bracts small, membranous, acute ; sepals and petals linear-oblong, acute, tips concave ; lip as long as the petals, very slightly recurved ; hypochile narrowly cuneate, side lobes spread- ing, broadly oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the suborbicular or obcordate undulate midlobe; column very slender, base hairy iu front. Capsule turgidly ellipsoid. —
Gfjperorchis.] cxlviij. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.} 15
In Griffith's Herb, this is named C. syringodorum, doubtless through a misplace- ment of labels (see C. eburneum, p. 12). In Herb. Calcutt. there are drawings of 3 forms apparently of this : — 1. raceme laxer-flovvered, flowers larger nearly white flushed with pale pink, lip not represented; 2, leaves 12-18 in., scape stout, sheaths distant, 2 in. long, and raceme inclined, flowers few, secund, drooping, pale yellow-green, lip yellow, no ridges shown; 3, a smaller plant, leaves 9 in., scape 7 in., densely clothed with imbricating sheaths 3 in. long ; raceme suberect, secund, 5-fld. ; flowers yellowish, 1| in. long : this last is named Cyrnbid. elegans, var. lutescens.
2. C. IWastersiij Benth. inJourn. Linn. Soc. xviii. 318 ; raceme short, flowers 2 in. long white, lip quite glabrous purple spotted, central ridge evanescent below, column glabrous, capsule 2 in. long. Cymbidium Mas- tersii, Griff, mss. ex Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1845, t. 50 ; in Gard. Gliron. 1845, 643 ; Taxt. Fl. Gard. t. 78 ; Floral Mar/. N. S. t. 391 ; Jard. Fleur. t. 289 ; Reichenhachia, t. 66. C. micromeron, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29 {excl. lip). ? C. affine, Griff. Notul. iii. 336 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 291, f. 3; Lindl. I. c. 28.
Assam, Mann. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. Habit and foliage of C. elegans, but raceme very short, decurved at the top, flowers larger, always white with a little red on the lip and smelling of almonds, lip broader, without the basal calli and quite glabrous ; column stouter and pollinia broader; capsule very much larger. — It is not easy in the case of indiflerent dried specimens to distinguish this from Cgmhid. eburneum except by the smaller flower. Lindley's Gynibid. micromeron consists of a flowering and fruiting speci- men of this, together with the loose lip and column of a.' Co&logyne, from which the specific character is drawn. The same author, referring to Griffith's descrip- tion of C. affine (from Churra), to that of G. densiflorum from Myrung, and of another species from Surureem (all in the Khasia Mts.), observes, " It is impos- sible to reconcile the statements made for Griffith by his editor, without assuming that some confusion has taken place." To this confusion Lindley has added by transferring the name affine, Griff"., from the Churra to the Surureem plant. Gf the three the only one certainly recognizable by the description is G. densijiorum, which is certainly CyperorcTiis elegans (1 have gathered it at Myrung). C. affine and the unnamed one, having white flowers, are both probably C. Mastersii, a name which Griffith's ajine would have superseded, had he really given it; but on referring to his mss. preserved at Kew, 1 find no such name, Griffith's description being headed "Coelog. affine," meaning simply that it is a plant allied to Goeloggne, and the Churra plant is so ticketed by himself in both his own herbarium (at Kew) and in Lindley's, to whom he sent a specimen. No doubt the error was the editor's, who replaced Cczlog. by Cgmhidium. The name of Mastersii is an mss. one of Griffith's given to cultivated specimens which he sent from the Calcutta Gardens to the Royal Horticultural Society.
C. offine, Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 14.0 ; Floral Mag. N. S.'t. 346, is certainly not the plant described and figured under that name by Griffith ; it has widely spreading sepals and petals, and the lip of a true Gymbidium.
3. C- cochleare, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 318; raceme elongate, sepals and petals very narrow, flowers 2 in. long, greenish brown, lip glabrous, median ridge strong 2-fid or spathulate at the tip vanishing downwards, column very slender glabrous, pollen pyriform, capsule 1| in. long. Cymbidium cochleare, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28.
SiKKiM Himalaya, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H., &c. Khasia Hills, alt. 5-6000 ft., Ctorfce ; at Myrung, 6?rj^^A. Tezpore in Assam, Maww.
Leaves 2-3 ft. by |-^ in. Scape 12-18 in., very slender ; sheaths 3-4 in!, lax ; sepals and revolute petals browiiish green ; lip yellow speckled with red, midlobe suborbicular, golden-yellow.
16 cxLViii. OROHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cremasfra.
41/1. CREBIASTRA, Lindl.
A terrestrial herb ; rootstock tuberous. Leaves radical, elliptic, plicate. Scape solitary, stout, sheatbed. Flowers in secund racemes, pendulous. Sepals and. petals very long, narrow, connivent in a tube below, lanceolate acuminate and spreading and recurved above. Lip adnate to the base of the column, erect, linear, base subsaccate, tip dilated 3-lobed, lobes linear, disk with a tongue-shaped appendage. Column very long, slender, straight, top dilated 3-lobed ; anther shortly stipitate, 1-celled ; poUinia 4, ovoid, compressed, caudicle and gland membranous.
C. Wallichiana, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 172 ; Franch. Sf Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. ii. 24. Hyacinthorchis variabilis, Bluine Cent. Plant. Nov. 1829, 4; Mus. Bot. 48, fig. 16; JValp. Ann. in. 628.
Temperate Himalaya ; Nepal, WallicJi. Sikkim, alt. 5-7500 ft., J. D. H., &c. — DiSTRiB. Japan.
Tuber the size of a chestnut. Leaves 6-10 by 2-2| in., subsessile or petioled. Scape with raceme 1-2 ft. ; sheaths long, loose ; flowers 1^ in. long, narrow, purple ; pedicels short ; bracts linear. — I find no evidence of Blume's " Centuria " over having been published, or even printed ; if it was so, his name has priority.
42. aSODORUM, JacJcson.
Terrestrial herbs, rootstock tuberous hypogeal. Leaves elliptic, acute, plicate. Scape from the rootstock, stout, erect, sheathed, shorter than the leaves ; flowers crowded in decurved racemes, bracts narrow membranous. Sepals and broader petals conniving or spreading. Lip sessile on the base or short foot of the column, cymbiform, membranous, margins involute, disk with or without ridges ending in calli, and with a forked b sal callus. Column short, stout ; anthers 2, cells, appendaged after dehiscence by the persistent detached faces of the cells ; pollinia 2, broad f oveolate sessile or subsessile on a broad strap or gland. — Species 6-8? Indian, Malayan and Australian.
I am unable to define the species from Herbarium specimens, or to reduce to any system the descriptions and drawings of Roxburgh, Brown, Lindley and Griftith. The following descriptions are provisional only. I have spent days to no purpose in endeavours to improve on it by the analysis of specimens.
1. G-. purpureum, Br. in Sort. Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207 {Char, reform.) ; usually tall, leaves at length petioled, sepals linear-oblong acute 3-nerved, petals rather broader obovate-oblong apiculate 5-nerved, lip subpanduri- formly oblong, tip dilated 2-lobed, disk with a broad channelled ridge ending in rased calli or a crenate callus. Lindl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 175 ; Balz. &f Gils. Bomb. Fl. 266. G. dilatatum, Wall. Cat. 7370. Limodorum nutans, Poxh. Cor. PI. i. t. 40 ; Fl. Lnd. iii. 470 (descr. and jig. in both erro- neous). Malaxis nutans, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 93.
Tropical Himalaya, from Nepal eastwards ; Bengal, Assam, Burma, &c. Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon. — Distrib. Malay Islands, Australia ?
Brown's G. purpureum was founded on Roxburgh's drawing o^ Limodorum nutans, a native of the Circars, but of which no specimen is recorded to exist. It is repre- sented and described as having the scape longer than the leaves, a lax-fld. raceme, and an acute lip ; characters not hitherto found in any Geodorum. But if it be allowed that the elongate scape and lax-flowered raceme are due to the lengthening
Geodorum.] cxlviii. orchtde^. (J. D. Hooker.) 17
of the axis of the scape after flowering, and that the appearance of an acute Up is due to the infolding of its margins towards the apex, then the G. jpurpureum is the commonest and widest-distributed Indian species. Dalzell and Gibson alone identify a plant with G. purpureum, Br., and I have examined authentic specimens of it, which they did not, for they give Brown's characters for the species, whilst those of their specimens are what I have given above. G. purpureum is the tallest and largest-leaved Indian species ; its flowers vary from white veined with red-purple to pale purple with stronger veins.
2. G-. dilatatum, Br. in Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207 ; leaves usually sessile, sepals linear-oblong subacute 3-5-nerved, petals obovate-oblong 5-7-nerved, lip broadly cymbiform, tip dilated recurved crenulate or un- dulate, disk smooth or with granulate nerves ending in irregular small tu- bercles. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 175 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 1797 ; ? Wight If. t. 912. Limodorum recurvum, Roxh. Cor. PI. i., 33 t. 39; Fl.Ind. iii. 469. Malaxis cernua, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 93. Otandra cernua, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 261.
Assam, Silhet, Burma, the Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon {all more or less doubtful).
If I am right in respect of this species, it differs from purpureum in its lower stature, broader petals and lip, the disk of which is smooth, granulate or subcar uncled. Wight's figure is probably an exaggeration of the flowers. Dalzell and Gibson describe it as a Concan plant, but I have seen no specimens so named by them.
3. Gr. candiduxn, Wall. Cat. 7374 ; flowers ascending or erect, sepals linear-oblong, petals almost orbicular 7-9-nerved, lip very broad narrowed upwards from the 2-crested dilated base, disk nearly naked, tip crenulate. Lindl. Fol. Orchid, {in part). G. attenuatum. Griff, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. V. 358, t. 24.
Burma, Griffith ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Wallich.
Griffith further describes his 0. attenuatum (which is certainly the same as Wallich's candidum) as having a truncate spike, subequal sepals and petals (which they are not in his drawing in Herb. Calcutt.), inodorous white wide flowers, less spreading than usual, tip of lip concave, almost conduplicate, emarginate, crenate, disk with a callus, cohamn sprinkled with cellular pubescence below the stigma and along the broad nerves of the lip, and a very short column with a bidentate tooth on each side of the apex. — It is a very distinct species. A single specimen of G. citrinum is on the sheet with Wallich's specimens of this.
4. G-. citrinum, Jackson in Andrews' Bot. Rep. t. 626 ; flowers 1| in. diam. yellow, sepals and petals very broad acute, lip large oblong deeply saccate with an obtuse gibbosity or spur, more or less streaked with red or purple, disk nearly smooth yellow, tip rounded or emarginate. Lindl. Gen. 8f Sp. Orchid. 176 ; Fol. Orchid. 3 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2195 ; Wall. Cat. 7375 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 633.
Chittagong, Wallich. Moulmein, Wallich, Parish. Penang (Ic. in Herb. Kew).
The figure in the Bot. Repository represents a plant with bracts hardly exceeding the ovary, 4^5 pale yellow flowers 1| in. in diameter, a large saccate subcalcarate lip broadly oblong with recurved margins, emarginate tip, and yellow and faint purple markings on each side of the smooth disk. The Bot. Mag. plant has flowers as large, but pale green, the lip is similar but not emarginate, and is streaked with red nerves; the pedicels are much longer with the ovary 1;^ in. long, and there are many long bracts below, but not on, the raceme, where they are small. The G. citrinum, Jacks. ? of Wall. Cat. 7375 has the long bracts below the inflorescence of the Bot. Mag. plant, but very short pedicels and a smooth lip with incurved and then reflected margins. — The Penang drawing shows short pedicels, pale greenish white flowers, a saccate lip with recurved margins and red nerves j tliere are only one or two brncts below the Vol. VI. c
18, cXLViii. ORCHIDEJE. (J. D. Hooker.) {Geodorum,
inflorescence, and the floral are as long as the ovaries. — The var. /3. albido-purpureum, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145, from Moulmein, has bracts as long as the flowers, but none below the inflorescence, green sepals and petals, and a dingy purple streaked lip.
DOUBTPUL SPECIES.
G. PALLIDTJM, Wall, in Don Prodr. 31. There is no specimen of this in Wallich's Herbarium, nor is the name in his Catalogue ; but there is a Geodorum in Herb. Kew, sent to Sir W. Hooker by Wallich from Nepal in 1818, which is, I think^ purpureum as defined above. Q. pallidum, Griff. 1. c. 357, from Assam and Silhot, described from garden specimens, is perhaps the vvhite-fld. purpureum ; its flowers are described as rather small.
G. APPENDICULATUM, Griff, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 360, t. 24, is probably, as suggested by Griffith, Brown's G. dilatatum.
G. CANDIDTJM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3, Limodorum candidum, Roxh., from Silhet, Khasia and Moulmein, is probably dilatatum ; it is certainly not G. candidum, Wall. Cat. 7374.
G. DILATATUM, Lindl. in Bot. Meg. t. 675, is, I think, pale-fld. purpureum.
G. PUCATUM, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1. 1687 ; Fol. Orchid. 5, from Ceylon, resembles a small G. purpureum. Thwaites states that he has never seen it.
G. LAXiPLORUM, Griff. I. c. 356, t. 24, from Assam, Jenkins, strongly resembles G. citrinum in its broad petals, dilated undulate emarginate white lip with the disk tinged with yellow and purplish base.
G. EAEiFLORUM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3, from Assam, is, I think, certainly 0. purpureum.
Geodorum sp., a narrow-leaved plant, with the habit of G. purpureum, from Mount Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, resembles the Philippine G. semicristatum, Lindl.
G. JAVANICUM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2. {Cistella cernua, Blume Bijdr. 293, t. 55), of Java, is a small-fld. species confidently referred by Reichenbach {Bonpland. 1857, 43) to G. dilatatum, with the observation that Wight's G. dilatatum is a totally different plant.
43. GBA»I»IATOPKVZiZiUiy[« Blume. Large stout epiphytes. Leaves linear, distichous, jointed on their sheaths, Scapes lateral, long, stout ; flowers large, racemose. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading. Lip small, adnate to the base of the column (mobile ?) erect, concave ; its side lobes embracing the column, midlobe short recurved. Column semiterete, foot 0, top incurved ; anther broad, 2- celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft, attached one to each horn of a curved strap or gland. — Species 3 or 4, Malayan.
Cr. speciosuxn, Blume Bijdr. ^77, fig. 20; RumpTi. iv. 47, t. 191; gigantic, flowers 6 in. diam. golden spotted with brown, Lindl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 628 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 708 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5157 ; Paxt. Ft. Gard. ii. t. 69; Fl. des Serves, t.l386 ; Batem. 2nd Gent. Orchid. 1. 181 ; Jard. Fleur. t. 235; Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 181, f. 36 ; 1890, i. 289, f. 46; Walp. Ann. vi. 628. G. fastuosum, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 159 under t. 69. Gr. macranthum, Beichb.f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 16 ; Walp. Ann. I. c. Pattonia macrantha, Wight Ic. t. 1750. Gabertia scripta. Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 425. Cymbidium scriptum, Swartz in Schrad. Diar. 1799, 228 ; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 100. Epidendrum scriptum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1361. — Bumph. Amboin. vi. 95, t. 42.
Tenasseeim, Parish. Perak, Seortechini. Malacca, Griffith {Kew Distrih. 5318), Maingay {K. L>. 1655).— Distrib. Java, Borneo.
Stems 8-10 ft., tufted, as thick as the wrist. Leaves 1^-2 ft. by Ij-lf in., equitant, lorate, acute. Scape 4-6 ft., as thick as the finger, terete ; bracts ovate ; pedicels 4-6 in,, as thick as a goose-quill ; sepals and petals fleshy, obovate-oblong, variable in breadth, undulate, spreading and reflexedj lip half the length of the sepals, side lobes short, subacute ; midlobe ovate, hirsute, disk with depressed
Grammatophyllum.'] cxlviii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 19
straight nerves and two linear ridges between the side lobes. — I cannot find characters whereby to distinguish G. fastuosum & macranthum ; the latter was founded on Griffith's specimens. The flowers vary much iu size, and the sepals and petals of the Perak plant are narrower than in the others.
44. DXPODZUBI, Brown. ^
Stems leafy, tnfted and epiphytic in the Indian species (terrestrial and leafless in Australian). Leaves coriaceous, jointed on their sheaths, equitant. Racemes long-peduncled, flowers rather large; perianth of Grammatophyllum^ but with the base of the lip forming a small sac with the column, and the side lobes reduced to small teeth ; poUinia separately stipitate on a globose gland. — Spepies 6, Australian, Malayan and Pacific.
1. D. pictum, Ee«c/i6. /. Xen. Orchid, ii. 15, and 20, t. 107; stem elongate scandent epiphytic from a terrestrial root, leaves spreading and recurved linear. Walp. Ann. iii. 562, vi. 647. Wailesia picta, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. (1849) 262 ; in Faxt. Mag. Bat. xvi. 321, with fig. Grammatophyllum scandens, Griff. Notul. iii. 345 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 324. Leopardanthus scandens, Blume Bumph. iv. 47 ; Mus. Bot. i. 47, t. 15.
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. — Distrib. Java.
Leaves 12-18 in., tip oblique acute. Peduncle with the raceme 10-12 in., purple ; bracts short, ovate; pedicels short, stout ; flowers l^in. .diam., yellowish white blotched with crimson ; sepals and petals elliptic-oblong obtuse ; lip ovoid, narrowed into a broad tomentose claw ; side lobes linear acute, midlobe ovate acute concave, pinkish streaked with crimson, disk and lip villous.
2. D. paludosum, Reichh. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 15; stem and scape strict erect, leaves strict ensiform erect. Walp. Ann. vi. 648. Gramma- tophyllum paludosum, Griff. Notul. iii. 344. G. affine, Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 323. Wailesia paludosa, Reichb.f. in Bonpland. 1854, 93.
Malacca, in swamps, Griffith {Kew Bistrih. 5317), Maingay {K. D. 1657) Perak, Wray.
Stem 1-2 ft. Peduncle as long ; bracts small, ovate, acute ; pedicels very short ; flowers 1^ in. diam., sweet-scented, white blotched with purple; sepals and petals reflexed ; lip lanceolate, acute, with a villous ridge from the base to the cuspidate tip; side lobes reduced to small teeth.
45. TKECOSTEZiZS, Reichh. f.
Epiphytes, pseudobulbous. Leaf 1, shortly petioled. Scape basal, slender ; flowers racemed. Sepals subequal, broad. Petals much nar- rower. Lip connate with the foot of the column, 3-lobed ; base with the foot forming a ventricose tube perforate in front ; side lobes small, erect ; midlobe entire or 3-lobulate, velvety. Column slender, arched, with incurved apical wings ; anther 2-celled ; poUinia 2, subglobose, separately stipitate on a scale-like gland. — Species 3.
1. T. Zolllngrerl, Beichb. f. in Bonpland. v. 37 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. 133, t. 147 ; side lobes of lip subclavate sigmoid, midlobe broadly obcor- date. T. alata. Par. 4" Beichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 135. Cymbidium alatum, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 459.
Chittagong, Eoxlurgh. Tenasseeim, ParM.— Distrib. Borneo.
Pseudobulbs the size of a nutmeg or narrower. Leaf 5-9 in., oblong or linear- oblong. Scape with the raceme 5-8 in., decurved ; bracts minute, acute, persistent ; flowers -I in. diam., blotched with brick-red; sepals acute, dorsal lanceolate genicu- lately arched, lateral falcate ovate.
C 2
20 cxLViii. OROHiDEiB. (J. D. Hooker.) [Thecostele.
2. T. Malngrayl, Sook.f. Ic. Plant ined. ; side lobes of lip fan-shaped,
midlobe broadly ovate reflexed.
Malacca, Maingay.
Pseudolulhs oblong, f-1 in. Leaf 3-5 in., from obovate- to linear-oblong. Scape with 6-8-fld. raceme 4 in. ; flowers 1 in. diam. ; sepals acuminate. — -Only one specimen seen.
3. T. quinquefida, HooJc.f. Ic. Plant ined. ; side lobes of lip linear,
midlobe deeply 3-lobulate, side lobules hatchet-shaped, mid-lobule ovate acute.
Malacca, Maingay.
JPseudohulhs 1 m., oblong, ieo/" 5-7 in., linear-oblong, tip obtuse very oblique. iScajoe with raceme 3 in.j flowers 1 in. diam.; sepals acute, lateral very broad j lip 5-fid from the deep lobing of the midlobe.
46. BROX^KEADXA, Lindl.
Terrestrial erect rigid leafy herbs, pseudofeulb 0. Leaves distant. Flowers in terminal simple or branched rigid racemes or panicles ; bracts thick, imbricate, persistent. Segals and petals subequal, narrow, widely spreading. Lip adnate to the base of and embracing the column, erect, side lobes erect, midlobe spreading, entire. Column membranous, broadly 2-winged, foot 0, top hooded ; anther sub-2-celled ; pollinia 2, ovoid, sulcate, sessile on a scale-like gland. — Species 2.
1. B. palustris, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1841, Misc. 89 ; 1844, t. 18 ; tall, leaves 3-5 in., racemes many-fid. Bot. Mag. t. 4001 ; Wight Ic. t. 1740; Walp. Ann. vi. 630. B. Finlaysoniana, Reichh.f. in Walp. I. c. 882. Grammatophyllum ? Finlaysonianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7561 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 173.
Penang, Peeak, Malacca and Singapoee (in dry exposed places, Ridley). — DiSTRiB. Sumatra, Philippines.
Stem 4r-8 ft., terete, very stout. Leaves 3-5 by f-J in., tip 2-lobed, many- nerved. Peduncle 6-12 in., strict; sheaths many, appressed ; raceme 1-7 in., bracts ovate, obtuse, thickly coriaceous (rachis appearing serrate) ; pedicel with ovary 1 in. ; flowers 2|-3 in. diam., sweet-scented ; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading and recurved, white or pale pink ; petals broader ; lip white, disk purple, side lobes sub- acute streaked with purple ; midlobe rounded apiculate, yellow, granulate ; column elongate cymbiform.
? 2. B. aporoides^ Beichh.f. Ot. Bot. Ramh. 44 ; dwarf, leaves 1^-2 in., peduncle very short 1-2-fld.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stems tufted, 1-1^ in., clothed to the base with coriaceous falcate ensiform acute leaves. Peduncle -i in., clothed at the base with small coriaceous imbricate sheaths j flowers 1 in. long ; sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, white ; lip oblong, side lobes triangular acute streaked with red, midlobe small ovate yellow papillose ; column slender ; gland of pollinia lunate. — I have seen only very imperfect specimens, which difier so greatly in habit, foliage and the slender column from B. palustris^ that I suspect the species will prove to be generally distinct. The habit is that of Bendrohium atropurpureum.
47. POIiirSTACKVA, Hooh. Pseudobulbous leafy epiphytes. Leaves few, distichous, narrow,
coriaceous, jointed on their sheath. Scape terminal, sheathed ; flovi^ers very small, in narrow panicles. Sepals free, dorsal ovate, lateral triangular adnate to the foot of the column. Pefals very narrow. ^ Lip superior, clawed, jointed on the foot of the column, erect, 3-lobed, side lobes small
Polystachya.] cxlviii. orchide^. (J. D, Hooker.) ' 21
erect, midlobe spreading or recurved. Column short, broad ; anther 1- or 8Tib-2-celled ; pollinia 4, ovoid, cohering or connate in pairs, attached to a very short strap, or gland ? — Species about 40, all tropical, chiefly American.
1. P. Wlgrhtii, Reichh. f. in Whip. Ann. vi. 640; stem 4-6 in., flowers yellow, lip broader than long, side lobes nearly as long as the short broad rounded midlobe, disk with the median ridge densely furfuraceous. P. luteola, Wiffht Ic. t. 1678.
Malabar ; ou the lyamallay Hills, Wight {Kew Bistrib. 2990). ? Penang, Curtis. ? Ceylon.
Leaves 2-3, 4-6 by f-1 in. Stem stout ; panicle glabrous, branches short ; sheaths long, coriaceous, flattened j bracts small, acute, persistent ; flowers yellow j sepals ^ in. long, acute. Capsule 5 in. long. — P. luteola, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 105, figured from a cultivated specimen said to have been sent by Wallich, has been pronounced by Lindley (Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 78) to be a West Indian plant. No original specimen of it was preserved. Lindley distinguishes it from the Indian plant by the capsule being nerveless between the ribs, whilst those of the latter are reticulated. The figure in Flor. Exot. represents the sepals as obtuse. Much better specimens of the Indian species are wanted to determine their differences from one another and from the Mauritian and others, and the genus wants working up.
2. P. purpurea, Wight Ic. t. 1679 ; flowers purplish, lip longer than broad, side lobes much shorter than the large rounded midlobe, disk with a short median ridge furfuraceous. Waljo. Ann. vi. 640.
Teavancoee ; on the lyamallay Hills, Wight {Kew Distrih. 2991). Very near if not a variety of P. Wightii, but the flowers are smaller, and if my analysis is correct (the materials are unsatisfactory) the lip is much narrower.
3. P. zeylanica, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1838, Misc. 78 {excl. Syn.) ; stem 12-18 in., lip cuneate-obovate, side lobes small acute, midlobe rounded, disk furfuraceous, capsule \ in. reticulate between the ribs. Walp. Ann. vi. 639.
Ceylon, Walker, Gardner.
A very much larger plant than either of the former, with a stout stem, and panicle 6-10 in. long with branches 1-3 in. long, flowers larger, and leaves larger and broader upwards. The Mauritian P. mauritiana, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 742 (Dendrobium polystachys, TJiou. Orchid. Afric. t. 85), which Lindley referred to this more resembles P. Wightii.
48. PI.0C06X.0TTIS, Blume.
Terrestrial herbs with the creeping rhizome, habit and inflorescence of Tainia and Chrysoglossum, from which they are only distinguishable by the short erect quadrate lip having its sides confluent with the sides of the short column, and by having the four pollinia attached in pairs by 2 stipes to a gland. — Species 4 or 5, Indian and Malayan.
1. P. acuminata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 46; leaf solitary, bracts lan- ceolate as long as the pedicel or longer, raceme puberulous. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 676.
Peeak, alt. 2-3000 ft., King's Collector.— BmTmB. Java, Sumatra.
Leaf-blade 10-12 by 21-3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, longer than the slender petiole. Scape as long or longer, slender ; raceme very lax-fld., simple or with a branch from the base; bracts ^ in., lanceolate, acuminate; pedicel with ovary as long; flowers 1 in. diam., sparsely puberulous ; dorsal sepal lanceolate ; erect lateral oblong-lanceolate, falcate, finely acuminate, 5-nerved ; petals narrowly lanceolate, falcate ; lip quadrate, contracted above the base, angles rounded, retuse in front with a long cusp ; spur a conical gibbosity. — The specimen is not very good, but I think it is P. acuminata.
22 oxLViii. ORCHIDE.S). (J. D. Hooker.) [Plocoglottu,
2. P. Javanlca, JBlume JBijdr. 380, t. 21 ; Orchid. Archip. Ind. t. 14 ; Mua. Sot. i. 46 ; leaf solitary, bracts short ovate, raceme glabrous. Lindl. Gen. 8f 8p. Orchid. 132.
Perak, alt. 3-1200 ft., Scortechini, King's Collector. — Disteib. Java.
Leaf-blade 10-12 by 3-4 in., as long as the very slender petiole. Scape much longer than the leaf, very slender; raceme 8-10 in. ; bracts -i— ^ in., often recurved ; flowers f in. diam., pale yellow speckled with red ; dorsal sepal long, arched, nar- rowly lanceolate; lateral oblong-lanceolate, falcate, acute ; petals narrowly oblanceo- late, folcate ; lip broadly obovate, angles and tip rounded, acuminate or cuspidate ; spur a gibbosity. — A Plocoglottis from Malacca, Maingay, resembles this, but has a shorter raceme, and is described (by Maingay) as having obtuse sepals j the specimen is flowerless
49. IiVISZA, Gaud.
Tufted epiphytes ; stem terete, rigid, sheathed, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves elongate, terete, obtuse. Flowers drooping, small, spicate on a short or very stout erect axillary rachis ; bracts very shorty thick, imbricating, per- sistent. Sepals subequal or the decurved dorsal smaller. Petals often longer, narrower. Lip sessile on the base of the column, base flat concave or saccate. Column very short, truncate; anther 2-celled; pollinia 2, sub- globose, seated on a replicate short strap. Capsule narrow, erect. — Species about 15, tropical Asia to N. Caledonia.
The materials at my disposal for the elucidation of this remarkable genus are, though considerable, far from being sufficient. Above all careful drawings for living plants should be obtained, when the following attempt at diagnosing the Indian species will want revision and probably correction.
* Petals not much longer than the lateral sepals {most so in L. primulina).
1. Zi. teretifolia, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. 427, t. 37 ; leaves 4-6 in., flowers small, lateral sepals subacute keel winged, petals linear-oblong obtuse hardly longer than the sepals, hypochile subquadrate saccate, epi- chile broadly cordate. Blume Eumph. i. t. 194, f. 3, t. 197 D ; Mus. Bot. i. 63 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 {^excl. in all Syn. Fp. triste). L. burmanica, Lindl. I. c. L. brachystachys, var. flaveola. Par. Sc Peichh. f. in Trans. Linn-. Soc. xxx. 144. L. platyglossa, Reichh. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 622. L. zeylanica, Lindl. I. c. Cymbidium triste, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 461 {not of Willd.) ; Bot. Mag. t. 3648 ; Wight Ic. v. 11 {text, not Ic.) ; Griff. Notul. iii. 340 (the Mergtd plant). C. tenuifolium, Wight I. c. t. 1689 (Jc„ not text).
SiKKiM Himalaya {Ic. Cathcart). The Khasia Mts., at Churra {Ic. Jerdon). Bengal ; in the Sunderbunds, Roxburgh. Pegu and Tenasseeim, Griffith, &c. The Westeen Ghats, from Canara to Travancore. Ceylon, Macrae, &c. — Disteib. Malay Islands to New Caledonia.
Stem 6-12 in., stout ; internodes ^-f in. Leaves variable in thickness. Rachis of spike ^-^ in. Petals ^-^ in. long, iz^ equalling or rather exceeding the sepals. Column very short. Capsule f-l|^ in. — Blume erred in referring Willdenow's Cymbidium triste to Gaudichaud's Luisia teretifolia. The latter appears to accord with the Indian plant, and Wight's t. 1689 is very characteristic. Blume's t. 194 has larger flowers. A coloured drawing of Lindley's burmanica by Griffith is excellent. The petals vary in length and form, but never much exceed the sepals. The lip is in five Indian drawings purple. Blume figures a purple hypochile and yellow epichile with purple disk. Roxburgh describes the lip as dark purple with yellow spots. Griffith figures it green with black purple blotches. Wight says, *' Flowers pale pink, lip conformable, afterwai'ds purple." In var. flaveola, Par. & R. f., the flowers are yellow, the hypochile purple and epichile streaked with purple. Liiidley's L. zeylanica (Macrae, 1829) is identical with the Peninsular species, but there are along with it flowers of a different and a garden plant, which he referred to Vanda triehorhiza. Hook. Reichenbach's L. brai-hystachys, founded on Wight's t. 1689, is
Luisia.'] oxlviii, orohide^. (J. D, Hooker.) 23
consequently teretifolia. Lindley's L. trichorhiza consists of three Nilghiri speci- mens of L. teretifolia (mislabelled Khasia Mts.), and one fruiting Khasian specimen (as indicated by Eeicbenbach in Herb. Lindl.). For Cymhid. trisie, Willd., see i/. trisiis.
2. Xi. brachystachys, Blume Bumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i. 64; leaves 2-6 in. slender, sepals and petals as in L. teretifolia, lip obovate-oblong nearly flat grooved hardly constricted at the base of the broadly ovate epichile. Reichh.f. Xen. Orchid, i. 204, t. 78, f. 1 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 0. Mesoclastes brachystachys, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1994; Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 45.
Tropical Westeen Himalaya; Garwhal, Falconer; Kumaon, Stewart. SiLHET and the Khasia Hills, Wallich. Bengal, at Jessore and Dacca, Clarice. Tenasseeim {Ic. Parish).
A more slender plant than L. teretifolia, but perhaps a variety ; flowers of the same size, but with a very difierent lip, which varies a little in breadth, and in the distinctness of the hypochile from the epichile. The lip is rather thin, with usually strong parallel grooves or nerves, though sometimes it is very thick and fleshy when the grooves are not visible (in the dried state). Column very short. Capsule f-1 in. — Clarke describes the sepals green without, rose-purple within ; petals rose- purple with green tip and base ; lip yellow at base, black -purple for f of upper part, but variable.
3. Zi. trichorhiza, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 63 ; leaves 4-6 in. stout, flowers twice as large as in L. teretifolia, petals \ in. long about as long as the lateral sepals, lip obovate-oblong rather longer than the sepals flat grooved constricted at the insertion of the broadly ovate epichile with the quadrate hypochile, column rather long. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 ; Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid, t. 77. f. 878. ? Yanda ? trichorhiza, Sook. Fl. Exot. t. 72.
Tropical Himalaya, Wallich ; Garwhal, Falconer,
I have seen only two native specimens of this plant, a flowering and a fruiting, from Garwhal, they bear the mss. name of L. retusa, Eeichb. f. It is the only species that approaches the Flora Exotica Vanda ? trichorhiza in the size of the flower and length of the column, difiering from it only in the lip not being longer than the sepals, which is a very variable character. Flowers of V. ? trichorhiza in Lindley's Herbarium closely resemble this, except in having a longer lip. A spike of flowers of V. trichorhiza in Herb. Hook, is presumably from the type plant ; the flowers are on slender pedicels, with the lip grooved as in hrachi/stachys, but with the sepals and petals narrower and more acute. Of the hairy roots of V. trichorhiza described in Fl. Exot. I know nothing, but Lindley, who no doubt saw the original plant, says that it has sometimes an enormous development of downy roots.
4. Xi. filiformis, HooJc. f.\ stem elongate slender, leaves 6-12 in., very slender, rachis of spike very stout short few-fld., flowers i-| in. diam., lateral sepals cymbiform, keel broadly winged, petals linear and lip fleshy, hypochile broad flat smooth, epichile subquadrate deeply many-grooved, tip incurved fleshy, column very short broad. .
SiLHET ; at Terrya Ghat, Mann.
Stem probably several feet long ; internodes 1-2 in. Leaves as thick as a crow quill. Petals hardly longer than the lateral sepals. — Except in the short petals this a good deal resembles L. Grovesii,
5. Xi- xnicrantha, Hooh. f. ; stem short robust, leaves 2 in. slender, rachis of spike short thick few-fld., flowers \ in. diam., lateral sepals ovate subacute midrib very stout, petals oblong obtuse, hypochile of lip oblong concave with 2 strong incurved teeth on each side, epichile lozenge-shaped fleshy, column rather long.
Assam, Griffith {in Herh. Wightr). Khasia Hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Mann.
24 oxLViii. ORCHiDEj;. (J, D. Hooker.; [Luisia.
Stem 2-5 in. ; internodes ^^ in. Leaves as thick as a sparrow quill. Bachis of spike clothed with imbricate ovate acute bracts ; pedicels decurved ; flowers punctulate ; dorsals sepal oblong obtuse and similar petals 1-nerved ; lip as long as the sepals, epichile about half as long as the hypochile both concave. — Griffiths' specimens are not in flower but appear to be the same as Mann's, which are so.
6. Zi. prixnulina^ Par. & Reichb.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144, t. 30, f. 1 ; stem short very stout, leaves 3-4 in. very stout, rachis short few-fid., sepals subequal oblong acute, petals larger obovate-spathulate obtuse, lip much longer than the lateral sepals yellow, hypochile small short saddle-shaped, epichile large triangular-ovate obtuse, margin obscurely lobulate.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
jSiem 3-4 in. ; internodes short. Leaves \ in. diam. Flowers f in. diam., pale yellow with a purple column. — Described chiefly from a drawing by Parish. A draw- ing in Herb. Calcutt. of apparently the same species (collected at Moolyet, Moulmein) has elliptic-acute sepals, a shorter cordate epichile, a larger hypochile with a purple disk, and a yellow column j its concave lateral sepals are spurred at the back. There are in Herb. Kew flowers and leaf of a cultivated plant from Burma (Hort. Kew), resembling this, but with a purple lip.
7. Zi. xnacrotis, Peichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1809,1110; habit and leaves of L. Psyche, sepals triangular keeled, petals longer triangular ligulate acute flat base broad, lip much longer than the sepals violet-black triangular-ovate from a broad 2-aTiricled base sulcate.
Assam {Hort. Day).
I have seen only flowers of what I take to be this (Hort. Kew), in whivh the sepals are ovate-oblong, subacute, the petals much longer (^ in. long), linear-oblong, obtuse, and the lip very like that of L. primnlina, and of the same size, but dark purple. The shape of the petals distinguishes it from primulina.
** Petals much longer than the sepals.
8. Zi. Psyche, Beichh. /. in Bat. Zeit. 1863, 98; in Gard. Chron. 1866, 342 ; stem tall stout, leaves 3-5 in. stout, rachis short, flowers few large, petals linear- sp at hulate or obovate obtuse twice as long as the obtuse concave sepals, lip broadly ovate-oblong retuse, base contracted saccate 2-auricled. Bot. Mag. t. 5558.
Tenassekim ; at Moulmein, Parish. ? Khasia Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Mann.
Stem 1 ft., internodes 1 in. Leaves strict, ^ in. diam. Sepals ^ in. long, petals 1^ in., variable in breadth, both pale greenish yellow. Lip convex, nearly 1 in. long, violet-brown, tessellated with white or yellow, auricles erect, embracing the white column. Capsule 1^-2 in. long. — Mann's specimen is in fruit only. It has a large clavate capsule as figured by Parish in his drawing of L. Psyche.
9. Zi. tenulfolia, Blume Pumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i. 63 ; stem long slender, leaves 4-7 in., rachis ^ in., flowers few large, petals narrow twice as long as the ovate subacute concave sepals, lip narrowly panduriform convex base broad 2-auricled, lip with 'Z divergent lobes. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 ; Thwaites Enum. 302 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 266 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 619. L. Birchea, Blume Pumpli. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i. 63. L. zeylanica, Thwaites mss. (C. P. 2347). Birchea teretifolia, A. Pich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, XV. QQ, t. 10. Cymbidium tenuifolium, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 167 {excl. 8yn.). C. triste, Wight Lc. t. 911 {non Willd.).
On the Western Ghats, from the Concan to Travancore, Wight, Dalzell, &c. Ceylon ; in the Central Province, Macrae, Thwaites.
Leaves very variable in thickness, sometimes very long and slender. Sepals i-| in. long, yellowish green stained or streaked with red ; petals more green j
Luisia.] oxlviii. orchidej!. (J. D. Hooker.) 25
lip twice as long as the lateral sepals, white or greenish with deep purple base and lobes, or purple and streaked with paler lines (Dalzell), disk with 3 large call!. Macrae's Ceylon specimen is like the Malabar plant. A. Richards' figure of Birchea teretifolia is a very bad one. Rheede's figure in xii. t. 5, on which Linnseus' JEpidendrum tenuifolium {Cymbidmm, Willd.) was founded, is not a Luisia, the leaves are grooved, and spike very different.
10. Zi. volucriSy Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 1; stem stout, leaves 3-5 in. stout, lateral sepals cymbiform with an acute dorsal wing, petals 2-4 times as long 1-1^ in. linear dilating to the rounded tip, hypochile oblong with incurved basal auricles, epichilo as long much broader ovate-cordate obtuse fleshy. Whip. Ann. vi. 619.
SiKZiM Himalaya, J. D. S. Khasia Mts. and Silhet, Lohh, J. D. H. ^ T. T. ? Chittagong Hills, Ic. in Sort. Calcutt.
Stem 6-10 in., internodes ^ in. Bachis of spike ^ in,, very stout. Petals and sepals very pale yellow-green ; lip dark purple, epichile hardly cordate (as described by Lindley). Capsules 1 in. — Flowerless specimens closely resemble L. teretifolia. In the drawing of the Chittagong plant the stem is slender, the in- ternodes are 1^ in. and leaves 7-9 in., the petals not dilated at the tip, and the epichile of the lip green and grooved.
11. Zi. antennlfera, Blume Rumph. iv. 50; Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 64; stem stout, elongate, leaves 3-4 in., rachis of spike very stout |-1| in., petals linear f in. long twice as long as the cymbiform sepals, lip cuneately oblong, epichile hardly distinct from hypochile which has a broadly 2-auricled base. Beichh.f. Xen. Orchid, i. 265, t. 78, f. 2.
Peeaz, Scortechini, King's Collector. — Disteib. Borneo (^Loio).
Stem a foot and upwards ; internodes 1 in. (the largest of the genus except tristis), as are the spikes. Flowers in Low's drawing pale green with purple lip as long as the sepals ; in note by King's collector, " pale greenish white waxy inner petals dark blue," possibly the dark blue is meant for the lip. The form of lip is the same in a drawing by Scortechini of the Perak plant.
12. Zi- trlstiS; SooJc. f. ; stem stout elongate, leaves stout 3-5 in., rachis of spike very stout 1-2 in., petals f in. long linear twice or thrice as long as the sepals, hypochile of lip quadrate base 2-auricled, epichile short broadly ovate-cordate grooved. Cymbidium triste, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 99. Epidendrum triste, Forst. Prodr. IS^o. 314.
Penang, Curtis. — Distrib. New Caledonia.
Very like L. antennifera, having the same stout habit, foliage, and thick long rachis of the spike, but the lip is very different, and is as far as can be judged from the indifferent specimens in Herb. Forster, identical with that of his Epidendrum triste.
13. Zi-. G-rovesiij Hoolc.f.; stem very slender elongate, leaves 6-10 in. filiform, rachis of spike very short few-fld., flowers 1 in. diam., lateral sepals cymbiform, petals twice or thrice as long narrowly linear obtuse, hypochile of lip subquadrate flat, epichile broadly cordate, column very short broad.
Easteen Bengal; in the Looshai Hills, G. B. Groves {in Herb. Calcutt.).
Closely resembles i. /^j/brmi*, but at once distinguished by the long petals. — Described fi*om two drawings of plants cultivated in Hort. Calcutta, one of a speci- men without locality, the other localized as above. The sepals and petals are pale yellowish, the hypochile and column dark purple, the epichile pale purplish in one with darker margins, greenish in the other, in both dark purple at the base.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
L. MICEOPTERA, Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. (1870) 1503 ; leaves terete rather stout, raceme few-fld,, flowers small, sepals ligulate acute, longer than the petals, both straw-cold., lip half purplish half yellow, hypochile ovate uncinate at the base
26 cxLViii. ORCHIDE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Luisia*
on each side, epichile broadly triangular -ovate, column purplish, anther with 2 yel- lowish eyes in the centre of each half. — Assam, Benson {Hort. Veitch). — Description from the author 1. c. Possibly the sepals longer than the petals is an error, due to the omission of a comma in the phrase " sepalis ligulatis acutis petalis longioribus."
Cymbidium tenuifolium, Willd. of Tkwaites mss. (0. P. 3530) is certainly not I/, tenuifolia, Bl., having short petals and a broad lip. It is probably a new species near filiformis, but the specimen being solitary and only 1-fld. 1 leave it undescribed.
50. COTTONZA, Wight,
An epiphyte, stem leafy. Leaves long, narrow, coriaceous. Scape tall, very slender, branched. Flowers in short terminal racemes. Sepals sub- equal and narrower petals widely spreading. Lip sessile at the base of the column, much longer than the sepals, flat, spreading ; side lobes minute basal ; midlobe subpanduriform, retuse. Column short, foot 0 ; anther short, 2-celled; pollinia 2, pyriform, 2-cleft ; strap linear, sides recurved ; gland minute. Capsule slender, elongate.
C. xnacrostachya, Wight Ic. t. 1755 ; Dalz. So Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 263 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 39 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7099. C. pedun- cularis, Seichb.f. in Cat. Orchid. Schiller 1857, 52; Thwaites Enum. 303 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 860. Vanda peduncularis, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 216 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii. t. 253.
The Deccan Peninsula ; on the Ghats from the Concan southwards. Ceylon ; in the Central Province.
^Stem 4-8 in., leafy ; internodes short. Leaves 5-6 by ^| in., lorate, recurved, unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 12-18 in., strict, erect ; branches few, tipped by short racemes ; pedicels long, slender ; bracts ovate ; flowers f in. diam. ; sepals ob- long and subspathulate ; petals dirty orange with red streaks ; lip dark purple with a broad villous golden margin ; side lobes ear-like with 3 calli between them, the median pubescent, disk of midlobe with median callus ; column puberulous ; rostellum obscure. Capsule 1^ in. — Lip like that of Ofhrys aranijera.
50/1. DIPLOPRORA, JZbo^./.
Stem short, slender. Leaves falcately lanceolate, acuminate. Scape short, simple, few-fld. Sepals widely spreading, keeled. Petals obovate. Lip as long as the petals, margins adnate to the sides of the column, cym- biform and sigmoidly curved, suddenly narrowed into a compressed 2-caudate tip, disk keeled. Column very short, foot 0 ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, globose ; strap short linear, sides recurved ; gland small. Capsule slender.
D. Chaxnpioni, Hooh. f. ; Ic. Plant, ined. Cottonia Championi, Lindl, in E.ooh. Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 35; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 39; Benth.Fl. HongJc. 357. Luisia bicaudata, Thwaites Enum. 302. Yanda bicaudata, Thwaites I. c. 429.
Bhotan HiMAiATA, Gammie. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. Si" T. T. Tenasseeim, Parish. Ceylon, Thwaites. — Distrib. Hong Kong.
Stem 1-3 in., ascending. Leaves 3-4 by ^-f in., thin and many-nerved when dry. Scape 1-2 in., stout; rachis flexuous ; flowers few, i^ in. diam,, yellow; lip with a deep longitudinal ridge within, sides streaked with red ; column papillose. Capsule li in. — Very distinct from Cottonia in habit, foliage, inflorescence and lip, and much nearer Phalcenopsis, but wants the appendages on the di?k of the lip and the side lobes, and difters strikingly in habit.
Stauro^ms.'] cxlviii. orchtde.e. (J. D. Hooker.) 27
51. STAUROPSXS, Jteichb.f.
Epiphytes; stem stout, leafy. Leaves distichous, coriaceous, flat, 2-lobed. Flowers in lateral racemes. Sepals and similar but smaller petals widely spreading. Lip sessile, adnata to the base or sides of the column, incurved, base simple or saccate, lobes narrow, disk naked or hairy. Column short, thick, foot 0, top truncate ; anther 1 -celled ; pollinia 2,"sub- globose, 2-cleft ; strap broad, gland large. — Species about 8, Malayan.
1. S. grigranteus, Benth. in Gen. Plant, in. 572; flowers very large golden-yellow ocellately blotched with cinnamon, sepals and petals spathu- lately obovate, lip white hatchet-shaped obtuse, base cordate, side lobes rounded, midlobe narrow obtuse fleshy, disk with a broad conical callus. Fieldia gigantea, Beichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 39; Walp. Ann. vi. 871. Vanda gigantea, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7326 ; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 215 ; Fol. Orchid. 2 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5189. Reichb.f. I. c. 38, t. 112 ; HI. Hortic. 1861, 277; Bev. Hortic. 1874, t. 291. Y. Lindleyana, Griff. Notul. iii. 358.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Wallich, Griffith.
Stem pendulous. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 2-3 in., very thick, flat. Raceme 10-15 in., decurved, many-fld. ; rachis very stout ; bracts short, broad; flowers 3 in. diam. ; lateral sepals horned behind below the tip. — Griffith describes two sterile stamens between the lateral sepals and petals.
2. S- undulatus, Benth. mss. ; flowers If in. diam. nearly white, sepals and petals spathulately oblanceolate waved, base of lip saccate adnate to the sides of the column, midlobe laterally compressed 3-ridged Vanda undulata, Lindl. in Joui^n. Linn. Soc. iii. 42 ; Beichb. f. in Gard Chron. 1875, ii. 212 ; 1878, i. 168.
Easteen Subtropical Himalaya; Sikkim and Bhotan, ascending to 6000 ft. The Khasia Hills, alt. 5-6000 ft.
Stem 6-10 in. ; sheaths and scape minutely warted. Leaves 3-4 by ^-| in.. unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 5-8 in. and raceme strict, erect, laxly few-fld. near the top j bracts ^ in. long, broad, obtuse ; flowers white flushed with pink or purpli«h ; sepals acuminate, undulate, lateral deflexed ; petals similar but smaller ; lip yellow, base orbicular, sides streaked with pink ; midlobe linguiform ; tip truncate, sometimes purplish ; pollinia globose, strap short, gland large transverse. — I am very doubtful as to the affinity of this plant, which difi'ers from S. giganteus in the base of the lip being aduate to the sides of the column, and forming with it a cup with a thickened rim.
52. ARACKNANTKE^ Blume.
Characters of Stauropsis, but lip jointed on to the base of the column and mobile. — Species 5 or 6, Himalayan and Malayan.
This character of the mobile lip requires confirmation in the living plant of some species.
* Flowers in simple racemes. Side lobes of lip much smaller than the midlobe.
1. A. Cathcartil, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 573; scape few-fld., lateral sepals and petals broadly elliptic obtuse, side lobes of lip small rounded. Esmeralda Catheartii, Beichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 38 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 871. Vanda Catheartii, Hook.f. III. Himal. PI. t. 23; Bot. Mag. t. 5845 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 8 ; III. Hcyrtic. 1858, 187 ; Flore des Ser. 1. 1251 .- Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 168 ; Jenning's Orchid, t. 10 ; Floral Mag. N. S t. 66 ; Gard. Chron. 1870, 1409.
28 oXLViii. ORCHiDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [Arachnanthe,
East Nepax and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-6000 ft., Griffith'' s Collectors, J. D. H., &c. Bhotan {Io. in Sort. Calcutt.).
Stem 12-18 iu., stout. Leaves 6-9 by 1-1^ in., flaccidly coriaceous, lorate, unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scaipe longer than the leaves, 4-6-fld. ; bracts short, broad; flowers 2-2^ in. diam., fleshy ; sepals whitish beneath, above yellowish closely barred with chocolate or red, dorsal obovate ; lip shorter than the sepals, oblong, variable in breadth, side lobes erect speckled with red ; midlobe shoe-shaped, obtuse, yellow, margins incurved sharply 2-keeled. Capsule 4 in., linear -oblong or sub- pyriform.
2. A. bilingruis, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 573 ; scape few-fld., lateral sepals and petals oblanceolate, lip with a large recurved spur under the limb, side lobes very small rounded. Eenanthera bilinguis, Eeichb.f. Xen. Orchid, i. 7, t. 4. E. labrosa, Reichb. /. I. c. 88. Arrhynchium labrosura, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. 142.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, &c. The Khasia Mts, ; at Nurtiung (Ic. Jerd.on).
Stem elongate, as thick as a swan's quill or less. Leaves 5-8 by -^f in., keeled, coriaceous, unequally 2-lobed. Scape long or short, greenish brown ; flowers 4-6, distant, 1^ in. diam. ; sepals and petals obtuse, yellowish with broad red -brown or blotched margins; lip yellow, very narrow, recurved; spur adnate, recurved, as long as the limb, the tip of which is hence bifid with the lobes superposed ; strap of pollinia short, gland large.
3. A. Clarkei, Bolfe in Gard. Chron. 1888, ii. 567 ; scape few-M., sepals and petals linear-spathulate obtuse. Bot.Mag. t. 7077. Esmeralda Clarkei, Beichb.f. in Gard. Chron- 1886, ii. 552.
Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6000 ft., Clarice. Bhotan {Tc. in Hart. Calcutt.).
Stem 12—18 in., stout. Leaves 5-6 by 1^-1^ in., flaccidly coriaceous, lorate, unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 2-3-fld. ; flowers 3^ in. diam., yellow barred with pale cinnamon -brown ; lateral sepals and petals falcate; dorsal sepal erect; lip half the length of the sepals, base narrowed ; side lobes short, broad, obtuse ; midlobe ovate -cordate, obtuse, ridged ; column speckled with red. Capsule 2^ in., oblong, very thick.
** Flowers panicled. Side lobes of li^ nearly equalling or exceeding the midlobe.
4. A. IHaingrayi; Hook, f.; lateral sepals broadly obovate, dorsal narrower, petals linear-spathulate falcate, side lobes of clawed lip quadrate, midlobe as long oblong fleshy, spur red beneath.
Malacca, Maingay {Kew Listrib. 1645).
Stem 4-6 ft., sheaths smooth. Leaves 3-5 in., linear-oblong ; tip narrowed, notched. Panicle 1-3 ft. ; branches short, divaricate ; pedicel and ovary stout ; flowers 2 in. diam. ; lip fleshy, not half as long as the sepals, yellow, sides blotched with red (" claw elastic,'* Maingay) ; column short, truncate; strap of large oblong furrowed pollen broadly linear, gland transverse.
5. A. xnoschifera^ Blume Rumph. iv. t. 196, 199 ; lateral sepals and petals narrowly linear-spathulate falcate, dorsal sepal straight, side lobes of lip quadrate, midlobe as long obovate acuminate shortly spurred beneath. Arachnis moschifera, Blume Bijdr. 365, t. 26. Aerides arachnites, Swartz in Schrad. Journ. 1799, 233 ; Wiild. Sp. PL iv. 131. Eenanthera Arachnitis, Lindl. Gen. & 8p. Orchid. 217. E. Flos-aeris, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 88 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 878. Limodorum Flos-aeris, Swartz in Nov. Act. Ujpsal. 1740, 37. Epidendrum Flos-aeris, Lhin. Sp. PI. 1348.
Perak, alt. 4-6000 ft.. King's Collector. — Distrib. Java, Borneo.
Arachnanthe.] cxlviit. org hide. e. (J. T). Hooker.) 29
Stem 4-6 ft., as thick as a swan's quill, sheaths smooth. Leaves 4-7 in., loriform or linear-oblong, tip narrowly notched. Panicle 2-3 fc. j branches very short, divaricate, 2-3 -fid. ; pedicel with ovary 1 in.; flowers 3-i in. diam., dark green or yellow barred with maroon ; upper margin of side lobes recurved j anther broad, truncate; pollinia very large, flattened; strap broad with a median ridge.
58. PKA.ZiS:MOPSZS, Blume.
Epiphytes ; stem short, leafy ; pseudobulb 0. Leaves distichous, coria- ceous. Scape lateral; flowers usually large, loosely racemed. Sepals widely spreading. Petals narrower or broader. Lip clawed or sessile, adnate to the base or foot of the column, side lobes erect, midlobe various, spur 0 ; disk variously appendaged, with usually a forked plate or callus. Column suberect, foot long short or 0 ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, sulcate or 2-partite, strap linear or spathulate, gland large or small.— Species about 25, Indian and Malayan.
The genus requires revision, and a careful examination of the lip, which is very imperfectly figured and described by the authors who have had access to living specimens. The beautiful P. amahilis has been sent from Singapore, where it is cultivated.
* Lateral sepals inserted by a narrow base to the base or very short foot of the column.
t RacMs of raceme compressed ; bracts fleshy , distichous.
1. P. Cornu-cervl, Par. & Reichh.f. in Kami. Gartenz. 1860, 116 ; scape 6-10 in., flowers 2 in. diam. yellow-green barred with brown. Bjolfe in Gard. Ghron. 1886, ii. 276. Polychilus Cornu-cervi, Breda Orchid. Jav. t. 1 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5570.
Tenasserim; at Moulmein, Lohb, Parish. Perak, Scortechini. — Disteib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Leaves 3-8 in., oblanceolate. Scape stout, simple or branched; rachis 3-5 in.; bracts ^ in., oblong, tip rounded; sepals oblong-lanceolate; petals shorter; lip subsessile, side lobes oblong, midlobe ovate acute with a short falcate wing on each side of the tip ; disk with a broad 2-awned plate at the base, and a flattened sword- shaped compressed spur in front of it. — Habit of a Sarcochilus.
2. P. violacea, Teysm. Sc Binn. in Batav. Nat. Tydschr. xxiv. {reprint 10) ; scape 2-12 in., flowers 1 in, diam. Beiohb.f. in Gard. Ghron. 1878, ii. 234 ; 1881, ii. 145, fig. 32, 187 ; Warner Orchid. Album, 1. 182 ;" Flor. Mag. N. S. t. 342 ; Eolfe in Gard. Ghron. 1886, ii. 277 ; III. Sortie. 1855, 173 (var. Schroederi). Stauritis violacea, Beichh. f. in Hamh. Gartenzeit. 1802, 34.
Perak (Ic. Scortechini). Singapore (fid. Warner I. c.) — Distrib. Sumatra.
Leaves 4-10 in., elliptic or oblanceolate, acute. Scape very stout, 1-7-fld. ; bracts ovate, acute ; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, unequal-sided, acute, deflexed ; petals smaller, oblanceolate ; lip narrow, incurved, broadly clawed or stipitate ; side lobes erect, narrow, linear, truncate ; midlobe cuneately obovate, apex triangular acute crenulate, disk with a bicuspidate appendage at the base ; column rather long. — Colours of flower apparently very variable ; Scortechini describes the sepals and petals as deep carnation with green tips, the side lobes of lip yellow dotted with purple, the midlobe purple ; Warner's figure has a very short scape, few flowers, a violetlateralsepal with cream-cold, inner margins, cream-cold, dorsal sepals and petals, and a violet lip. According to Reichenbach the raceme is sometimes branched. — Perhaps two species are confounded under violacea.
30' cxLViii. OEOHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [FhaJtenopsis.
tt Rcichu' of raceme terete.
3. P. Iiowil, Eeichb.f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214; in Gard. Chron. 1862, 979 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 151 ; petals fan-shaped very much larger than the oblong sepals, rostellum much longer than the column. Bot. Mag. t. 6351 ; Fl. des Sevres, 1. 1910 ; Warner Select. Orchid. Ser. 2, t. 15 ; Bolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 276.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Leaves 3-5 in., ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute. Scape with lax-fld. raceme 10-24 in., slender, simple or branched ; flowers 1^-2 in. diam. ; sepals white, dorsal largest and broadest ; petals flushed with violet towards the base j lip sessile, as long as the lateral sepals, narrowly oblong, side lobes small, uncinately recurved yellow, midlobe obcuneately oblong truncate and crenate at the tip purple; disk keeled and furnished with a transverse forked plicate callus at the base of the side lobes in front, and with some soft spines behind ; column and rostellum pale purple.
4. P. Blannii, Beichb. f. in Gard. Ghro7i. 1871, 902; 1876, 603; lateral sepals lanceolate acuminate, petals oblanceolate, lip clawed, side lobes falcately oblong, midlobe panduriform truncate with two spreading and recurved oblong caruncled apical lobules. Bolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 276.
Assam, Mann.
Leaves 6-10 in., oblong-lanceolate. Scape 12 in., branched ; flowers many, . scattered, Ii in. diam.; sepals and petals yellow blotched with brown ; lip white with purple blotches, disk with a forked appendage at the base of the midlobe, in front of which is a flattened sword-shaped spur ; foot of column very short. — Flower and appendages of lip very like those of P. Cornu-cervi ; in both the column is long, the poUinia ellipsoid.
5. P. speciosa, Beichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, i. 662 ; 1882, ii. 744, fig. 130-132 ; sepals elliptic-lanceolate acute, petals similar but smaller, lip sessile, side lobes small linear-oblong truncate toothed, midlobe laterally compressed fleshy, tip dilated mallet-like papillose. Warmer Orchid. Album, t. 158; Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 745, f. 130-132; 1886, ii. 277, fig. 56-58 ; ReicJienbaehia, ii. t. 57 ; Bolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277.
Amdaman Islands, Berlceley.
Leaves 8-12 in., obovate-oblong or -lanceolate. Scape tall, simple or branched j flowers 2 in. diam., scattered, white or rosy with darker blotches ; lip with d, forked callus ; column long, tip toothed, foot very short ; poUinia oblong. — Var. Chris- tiana, lR,.,f., has rose-madder sepals and white petals; var. purpurata, R. f., has rose-purple flowers.
6. P. tetraspiS; Beichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 146 ; in Gard. Chron! 1881, ii. 662, 656 ; flowers as in P. speciosa, but waxy white with 2 2-awned basal calli on the hairy disk. Bolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277.
Andaman Islands, Col. Man. — Disteib. Sumatra.
Leaves 12 by 2-4 in., cuneately obovate. Scape tall, stout, branched. — 1 have seen no flower of this.
7. P. Kunstleri^ Hooh. f. ; sepals obovate apiculate, petals rather smaller, tip rounded, lip shortly clawed, side lobes small broadly cuneate truncate, midlobe obovate with 7 thick parallel ridges, tip rounded.
Peeak, Kunstler.
Leaves 4-6 in,, obovate oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, pale green. iiScope about equalling the leaves, 2-3 -fld. at the tip ; bracts very small, ovate j flowers
Plialmnnpsis.'] cxLviii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 31
1 in. diam. ; sepals and petals dull yellow greeu mottled closely with dull red for the basal half; lip small, white, side lobes erect streaked with red, mid lobe red purple between the ridges ; forked appendage small, with a 2-lobed callus behind it ; colurau about half the length of the lip ; pollinia globose, strap short, cuneate, gland quadrate. — Described from dried flowers and a drawing of the whole plant in Hort. Calcutt.
** Lateral sepals inserted by a broad base on the elongate foot of the column.
8. P. Esmeralda, Eeichb. f. in Gard. Ghron. 1874, ii. 582 ; lateral sepals orbicular-ovate, petals broadly obovate, claw of lip long geniculate with two narrow recurved auricles, side lobes broadly falcately obovate, midlobe oblong. Rev. Hortic. 1877, t. 107; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 21 . Moral Mag. ^. S. t. 358 ; Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 276 ; Orchidoph. 1881, t. 9. P. antennifera, Beichb. f. in Gard. Ghron. 1878, 398 ; 1882, 520 ; Bolfe I. c. 1886, ii. 276.
BuEMA, Hort. Low. — Distrib. Cochin China.
Leaves 4i-Q m. Scape 1-2 ft., simple or branched, slender ; rachis elongate; flowers 1 in. diam., amethystine; side lobes of lip erect, appressed, red -purple ; disk with a 2-awned callus in front of the auricles, and a raised thickened fleshy ridge from the base of the side lobes to the tip of the midlobe.
9. P. Parishii, Beichb. f. in Gard. Ghron. 1865, 410 ; 1871, 802 ; Xen. Orchid, i. 144, t. 156, f. 1. in Saunders' Beftig. Bat. t. 85 ; flowers small, lateral sepals subrotund, lip short sessile, side lobes small falcate, midlobe much broader shortly stipitate reniformly cordate. Bat. Mag. t. 6815; Bolfe in Gard. Ghron. 1886, ii. 276.
Eastern Himalaya, Lohb, Mann. Cachae, Keenan. Tekasserim, Lohh.
Leaves 3-5 in., linear or obovate-oblong. Scape 3-4 in., 6-8-fld. ; flowers f in. diam.; sepals and obovate petals cream-cold. ; lip mobile, purple-brown ; disk with a narrow 4-awned appendage at the base overlapping a much broader ciliate lamina ; rostellum 3-partite. — The figure in Saunders' Refug. is of var. Lobbii, R. f. which has a white lip with two chestnut bands.
SPECIES OF DOTTBTPUL POSITION. P. PUSCATA, Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, ii. 6 ; " allied to P. Cornn-cervi^ roots short, leaves very broad oblong obtuse acute, flowers medium-sized, sepals oblong obtusely acute, petals cuneately oblong obtuse, lip 3-partite, side segments ligulate retuse one toothed on each side, umbonate on the middle of the lower side, mid-segment oblong acute keeled in the middle, base with a 2-toothed callus, and with an aristate ligula on each side behind it, column not angled (exangulata) at the base." — Malayan Peninsula, Bort. Bull.— Char SLcters from Reichenbach 1. c, who does not describe the inflorescence, or whether the column has a foot or not.
54. DORXTZS, Lindl.
Characters of PhalcBnopsis, and having the same 2-awned plate on the disk of the lip, but the column is narrowly winged, its foot longer forming a spur-like mentum with the side lobes of the lip. — Species 5, Indian and Malayan.
D. pulcherrima, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7348 {Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 178, Beichb. f. Xen. OrcTiJfi. ii. 7), a Siam species, with flowers nearly 1 in. diam. in a panicle 2-3 ft. long, probably occurs in the Straits region.
1. D. tsenialis, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 574 ; scape short few-fld., mentum acute, side lobes of lip very narrow spathulate reflexed on the disk, tips of the forked appendage of the lip hooked, .brides tuiniale,
32 cxLViii. ORCHiDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Dontis.
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 239 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 41. M. carnosura, Griff. Notul. iii. 365 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 338 A.
Subtropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 3-6000 ft., eastwards to Bhotan, the Khasia Mts., Mtjnnipoke and Buema.
Moots 1-3 ft., flat, f-j in. broad, forming large tortuous tufts. Leaves few, 3-5 in., obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the sessile base, soft when dry. Scape 1-2 in. ; bracts small, broad ; flowers | in. diam., mauve purple ; midlobe of lip dark red or purple. Capsule \\ in., fusiform.
2. D. Wig*htii, BentJi. in Gen. Plant, iii. 574; scape elongate simple or branched, side lobes of spreading lip broad cuneate-obovate, midlobe obcordate. Phalasnopsis Wightii, Beichb.f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214. iErides latifolium, Thwaites JSnum. 430.
Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim (Ic. in Hart. Calcutt.) ; Bhotan, Lister. Chitta- GONG (Sort. Calcutt.). Buema ; Moulmein, Parish; Mougong, Griffith. The CiECARS, Reyne. Malabar, Wight, &c. Ceylon, Thwaites.
Habit of D. tcenialis, but leaves rather larger, scape much longer, and lip very diflerent.
55. RKVNCKOSTVI.ZS, Plume.
Epiphytic, stem stoat leafy, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves very thick, linear, 2-lobed. Flowers in long dense drooping cylindric racemes, bright-cold. Sepals and broader petals obtnse, spreading, contracted at the base. Lip adnate to the base of the column, deeply saccate, mouth of sac pubescent within, side lobes 0, outer margin produced into a clawed dilated limb. Column short stout, foot 0 ; rostellum shortly beaked ; anther imperfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft, strap filiform, gland small. — Species 2 or 3, Indian or Malayan.
R. retusa. Plume Pijdr. 286, t. 49 ; leaves deeply channelled keeled prsemorse or retuse, raceme drooping, sac cylindric much longer than the limb of the lip. R. prsemorsa. Plume I. c. R. guttata, Reichb.f. in Ponpland. ii. 93. R. Garwalica, Beichb.f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 888. Saccolabium gutta- tum, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7308 ; Gen. dif Sp. Orchid. 220 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32 ; Pot. Mag. t. 4108 ; Wight Ic. t. 1745-6 : Palz. Sf Gibs. Pomb. Fl. 263; Hartm. Parad. ii. t. 3; Orchidoph. 1888, 273 (var. gigantea) ; De Vriese Orchid, t. 14. Warner Sel. Orrhid. Ser. 2, t. 18 ; Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 819. S. praemorsura, Lindl. I. c. 221. S. Rheedii, Wight Ic. v. 19. S. vetnsum, Fl. des Serres xiv. 191, 1. 1463-4. S. Heathii, Hort., ex Gard. Chron. 1885, 369. S. B\vLmei,Lindl. Sert. t. 47 ; in Bot. Beg. 1841, Misc. 55 ; 111. Hortic. t. 545 ; Pu2/dt. t. 37 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. 1. 169 and t. 238 (var.) ; Pescator. t. 21. S. garwalicum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32; in Gard. Chron. 1879, 102. Sarcanthus guttatus, Lindl. in Pot. Beg. t. 1443. brides gut- tatum, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 471 ; Begel Gartenfi. 1863, 415. M. retusum, Swartz in Schrad. Diar. 1799, 130; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 130; Grah. Cat. Pomb.Pl. 204i. JSj. sipica,tu.ru, PonProdr. 31. Al. praemorsum, Willd. I. c. Limodorum retusum, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 80. Epidendrum retusum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1351. E. Hippiura, IIerb.\Pam. — Bheede IIort.\Mal. xii. t. 1.
Teopical Himalaya, from Garwhal eastwards to Assam and Tenasserim, and southwards to Bengal, the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. — Disteib. Malay Islands.
Stem stout, creeping in trees. Leaves 6-20 by -1-2 in., curved. Racemes 4-18 in. ; bracts broad, obtuse, membranous ; flowers ^-f in, diam., white blotched with piak or violet; lateral sepals gibbously orbicular-ovate, obtuse or apiculate, dorsal oblong;
Rhynchodylis.] cxLViii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 33
petals elliptic, obtuse; epi chile of lip very variable in size, usually cuneiform, entire or emarginate at the tip, disk flat or obscurely channelled. Capsule l-l^ in., clavate. — Lindley errs in describing the fruit of B. Oarwalica as different from JR. retusa, also in describing the blade of the lip of Sacc. guttatum as lanceolate, which misled Wight, who founded his S. Bheedii on the difference.
SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.
Saccolabittm Berkeleyi, Reichb. f. in- Gard Chron. 1883, i. 814 ; from the author's remarks (there is no description) this appears to be near B. retusa, but the lip is acute ; the flowers are white with| amethyst spots. Its habitat is unknown, but probably Indian.
Saccolabium littoeale, Beichh. f. I.e. 1881, ii. 198, has very long leaves, a short raceme, and the epichile cucullate, keeled and turned obliquely on one side.
56. SARCOCKZXiUS, Br.
Epiphytes, stem short or long, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves distichous, cr 0 at flowering time. Flowers racemose or spicate. Sepals spreading ; lateral adnate by a narrow base to the base of the column, or by a broad base to its foot, and sometimes to the lip also. Petals usually narrower. Lip sessile or clawed, very varied in form, side lobes small or large fleshy or petaloid, midlobe sometimes reduced to a pubescent callus, disk very various with often a callus or spur within. Column short or long, foot more or less produced ; anther 2-celled ; poUinia 2, sulcate, or 4 in pairs, strap short broad. Capsule usually long, strict, slender. — Species about 40 known, tropical Asiatic, Australian and Pacific.
A polymorphous genus, no doubt to be dismembered when better known. The following attempt to group the Indian species possibly indicates the lines upon which some of the genera may be established.
A. Flowers loosely inserted all round the rachis of a more or less elongate raceme or spike.
* Lateral sepals inserted by a narrow base to the hose of the column, or base of the column and sides of the lip. Foot of column 0 or very short.
Sect. I. Lip shortly clawed. Column short; rostellum minute. Pteroceeas, Sasselt. (Sp. 1-4.)
Sect. II. Lip sessile or subsessile. Column long; rostellum very long, slender. Steeeochilus, Lindl. (Sp. 5.)
Sect. III. Lip long-clawed. Column short ; rostellum very short. (Sp. 6-7.)
Sect. IV. Stem elongate, scandent. Lip sessile. Column short ; rostellum very long ; strap of globose pollinia very slender, gland minute. Miceopeea, Lindl. (Sp. 8-11.)
** Lateral sepals inserted by a very broad base to the elongate foot of the column.
Sect. V. Leafless when flowering. Stem 0. Side lobes of lip large, erect, mid- lobe a tomentose pulvinus. Chiloschista, Lindl. (Sp. 12-15.)
Sect. VI. Leafing and flowering together. Lip various. (Sp. 16-19.)
B. Flowers in very short spikes at the apex of a slender scape, bracts persistent, imbricate.
Sect. VII. PoENicARiA. (Sp. 20-26.)
C. Flowers distichous on a compressed rachis, which is pectinate from the uniform persistent laterally compressed fleshy bracts.
Sect. VIII. Peduncles stout, solitary. Lip stipitate, articulate with the foot of the column. Cuculla. (Sp. 27-33.)
Sect. IX. Peduncles filiform, fascicled. Lip sessile. Ridleya. (Sp. 34.)
Sect. I. Pteroceras, Sasselt (gen.). (See above.) 1. S. auaveolenSy Hook. f. ; leaves lorate acutely 2-fid, raceme
TOL. TI. D
84 cxLViii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcochilus.
elongate^ glabrous, side lobes of lip falcate, midlobe decurved with a re- curved tip. brides suaveolens, JRoxb. M. Ind. iii. 473. Ornitharium stria- tulum, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii. 473 {-figure had). Ornithochilus striatulus, Hort. Calcutt. Thrixspernnim teres, Reichb. /. Xen. Orchid. ii. 121, 123 t. 140 {excl. syn,), in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 136.
CuiiTLQcO-sOr, RoxhurgJi. Tenasseeim; at Moulmein, Pam^.
8tem slender, scandent. Leaves 3-5 by f-f in., many-nerved, coriaceous, base contracted. Racemes 3-6 in., shortly peduncled, lax-fld. ; rachis stout; bracts small, rounded ; flowers \-\ in. diam., yellow speckled with red, very fragrant ; lip rather laterally compressed ; midlobe light purple or speckled with pink. — Eeichenbach has referred this to the Javan P. radicans, Hassk. [LendrocoUa teres, Blume), a very much larger plant, with oblong obtusely 2-lobed or notched leaves, racemes 2-3 ft. long, and larger flowers (of which there is a drawing in Herb. Liudl.). The lip is cui'ious, the limb being a terete spur with a minute mouth close to the claw, much as in Micropera and Sarcochilus Berhelexji.
2. S. muriculatus, RelcJih. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 198; leaves 6-9 in. lorate, racemes very short, peduncle and rachis viscid, lip shortly clawed saccate, side lobes broadly ovate obtuse, midlobe small, obtusely 2-partite pubescent.
Andaman Islands, Kurz, Berkeley.
Stem 6-8 in., stout, rooting below. Leaves 1-in. broad, obliquely notched or 2-lobed, lobes rounded. Scape with raceme 2^-3 in., strict ; bracts broad, obtuse ; flowers about ^ in. diam., light yellow, sweet-scented ; sepals and petals with two purple bars ; column rather long ; anther ovate, poUinia globose, strap short flat, gland small. — The lip is that of Sect. II.
3. S. stenogrlottis, HooJc.f.; stem very short stout, leaves broadly lorate, tip broad rounded emarginate, peduncle shorter than the leaves pendulous many-fld., sepals subsimilar oblong obtuse, petals as long narrower obovate-oblong acute, lip nearly as long as the sepals very narrow laterally flattened curved shortly clawed, with two small rounded auricles beyond the claw, an elongated cup with toothed m.argins along the top and an ellipsoid compressed terminal spur.
? Perak, Scortechini. — Distrib. Sumatra, King's Collector.
Stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves decurved, 6-10 by 1^-2 in., nearly flat. Peduncle, 3 in., stout, deflexed, dull purple; bracts very small, ovate; pedicel with ovary ^ in.; flowers i— | in. diam., very pale primrose; sepals and petals many- nerved ; lateral sepals with faint red bars near the base ; lip white, the elongated cup on the upper margin is edged with pink, and extends for about two-thirds of its length, a perforation at the distal end leads to the hollow compressed ellipsoid straight spur, which is in a straight line with the body of the lip, and resembles a terminal lobe ; column winged narrowly to near the base, tip acute, rostellum beaked ; anther shortly beaked, membranous ; pollinia long, strap spathulate, gland small. — Described from similar materials as 8. aureus.
4. S. brachygrlottis, Hook. f. ; stem very short, leaves elongate oblanceolate acuminate, peduncle short few-fld., sepals spreading subequal lanceolate acuminate, tips horned at the back, petals nearly as long oblong- obovate obtuse, lip very small laterally flat as seen in profile subcuneate and obtusely 3-lobed in front, column very short subglobose, foot 0.
Peeak, King's Collector.
Stem 1-2 in., curved. Leaves 4-8 by 1-1^ in., pendulous, finely acuminate, nearly flat, keeled beneath. Peduncle 1 in., stout ; bracts minute, broad, persistent; flowers i in. diam. ; sepals and petals white with a faint pink blush, nerves obscure; lip not half the length of the sepals, adnate to the foot of the column, so compressed
Sarcorhilus.] cxlviii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 35
that the sides are almost in contact, leaving a narrow slit along the top as the opening to the cavity ; of the three short lobes seen in looking sideways at it, that towards the column represents the side lobes, a shorter below it a spur ? and the interme- diate the apex of the lip ; there are no internal caruncles or sepals ; the edges of the lip are smooth and yellow, and there are a few red spots on the side ; column with a narrow base, very oblique top, sloping backwards, and very concave, face ; rostellum minute, erect, 2-fid; anther shortly beaked, 2-celled ; pollinia globose, strap short, gland oblong. — It is impossible to describe the form of the minute lip of this curious species intelligibly. I shall hope to give figures of it and of 5*. aureus in King's '* Annals of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens."
Sect. II. Stereochilus, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.)
5. S. hirtus, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 676 ; leaves lorate very thick straight horizontal, raceme pubescent, lip a conical sac with short acute 2-toothed side lobes and a large double callus below the column within. Stereochilus hirtus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 58.
Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., J. B. E. Sf T. T. Tenasserim, Parish.
Stem very short. Leaves 3-5 in., very thick. Racemes 1-3 in., drooping ; peduncle and rachis slender; bracts short, broad, membranous ; flowers -^-^ in. diam., pink, pubescent ; lateral sepals adnate to the obscure foot of the column and base of lip ; petals narrower, falcate, obtuse ; lip white and pink ; column white; anther purple, long-beaked, 2-celled ; pollinia 4, oblong, stipitate in pairs on the spathulate end of a very long slender strap, gland minute. Capsule not seen. — Lindley errs in describing the lip as solid with a pair of horns at the base ; it is a conical cup, the mouth oblong, and the horns are the 2-fid side lobes which appear to rise out of the cup. The callus below the column is that of Cleisostoma, and the strap and stipitate pollinia are those of Sdccolab. § Uncifera.
Sect. III. (Seep. 33.)
6. S. aureus, Hooh.f.; stem very short, leaves large long loriform 2-lobed, peduncle stout several-fld., flowers large, sepals lanceolate acumi- nate many-nerved, petals subsinailar, lip shorter than the sepals, claw long narrow rigid linear, side lobes falcately cuneate, midlobe a short erect crest at the jjase of the globose subdidymous spur.
Perak, King's Collector.
Stem as stout as the little finger. Leaves 4-10 by 1^2 in., very coriaceous, keeled. Peduncle from below the leaves, 2-7 in., stout, nearly straight ; flowers scattered towards the end of the peduncle ; bracts very short, broadly ovate, per- sistent ; pedicel with ovary f in., straight ; sepals 1 in., and petals golden yellow ; lip about -i shorter than the sepals, claw caruncled where it expands to meet the blade, and then perforated for the passage to the globose spur ; side lobes erect, white barred ''with dull pink ; disk with a caruncled transverse crest over the base of the spur ; column stout, rostellum inconspicuous ; anther very shortly beaked, pollinia globose, strap subspathulate, gland narrow. — A beautiful species, described from several drawings lent by Herb. Calcutt. and the analysis of dried flowers.
7. S. cladostachys, IlooJc.f.-, stem very short, leaves loriform tip narrowed bifid, peduncle much shorter than the leaves clavate few-fid., sepals and petals narrowly elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate, lip shorter than the sepals, claw narrow rigid linear, side lobes oblong obtuse, midlobe 3-fid, side lobules quadrate retuse, mid-lobule (spur?) short rounded.
Malaya, Kunstler {Ic. in Serb. Calcutt.). ? Pebak, Ic. Scortechini.
Stem 1 in., not very stout. Leaves recurved and pendulous, 6-12 by I5-2 in., flat, keeled. Peduncle \\ in. or more, green; bracts ovate; pedicel with ovary -J in. ; flowers white, 1^ in. diam. j sepals fin. long, and petals spreading, cream-cold.;
D 2
36 CxLviii. oRCHiDfi^. (J. t). Hooker.) [Sareochilus,
claw of lip spotted with purple, lateral lobes purple, midlobe creara-eold., spur speckled with purple; column rather short ; anther hardly beaked, yellow, poUinia subglobose, strap short. — Described from a drawing in the Calcutta Gardens. Evidently allied to S. aureus in the form of the lip, but the whole plant is much smaller. The peduncle is clavate, the sepals and petals much smaller and narrower, and as well as the lip differently coloured. Scortechini's drawing is of a young plant.
Sect. IV. MiCROPERA, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.) 8. S. purpureus^ ^en^A. WS5. ; raceme peduncledlax-fld., flowers pale
purple, lip strongly laterally compressed hatchet-shaped, side lobes 0, sac
with a strong included recurved spine nnder the tip. Micropera pallida,
Wall. Ca^. 7321 {in part). Camarotis purpurea, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7329;
Ge7i. Sf Sp. Orchid. 219 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 19; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 37 ;
Paxt. Mag. Bot. vii. t. 25. G. Tostrsita, Beichb.f. in Walp. Ann. y'i. SSI.
brides rostratum, Roxh. Fl. Lnd. iii. 474.
Khasia Mts., near Churra. Silhet and Chittagono, Roxburgh, WalUch., ka. Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 3-4 by i in., obtusely 2-lobed,
toothed or notched. Racemes equalling or exceeding the leaves, laxly many-fld. ;
bracts short, broad ; flowers ^-f in. diam. ; sepals and rather smaller petals very
obtuse; beak of column turned on one side, flexuous. Capsule 1^-2 in. long,
slender.
9. S. Xtoxburgrhii^ HooJc.f.; raceme long-peduncled decurved rather dense, flowers cream-white, lip slipper-shaped laterally compressed, side lobes large rounded, sac with, an exserted spine under the tip. Micropera pallida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1522 ; in Wall. Cat. 7321 {in part) ; Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 219. Camarotis pallida, Lindl. in Journ. JAnn. Soc. iii. 37. -<Erides pallidum, JRoxb. Fl. lnd. iii. 475 {not of Lindley).
Bengal; at Comilla, Clarke. CniTTAaos a, Soxhiirffh, &c. Tenasseeim ; at Mergui, Griffith {Kew Bistrih. 5241), Selfer {K. B. 525i).
Stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 2-3 by -| in., tip rounded, notched. Peduncle with raceme longer than the leaves ; bracts persistent ; flowers many, \ in. diam. ; sepals and petals as in M. purpurea, but nearly white; beak of column straight. 'Y\\e Micropera pallida of Wallich's Herb, in Linn. Soc. consists of one sheet of b*. puripurea, one of Saccolah. ramosum, and one of Sarcanthus secundus ; but there are specimens of pallida under his number 7321 in Herb. Lindley.
10. S. obtusuSj Benth. mss. ; raceme very shortly peduncled erect, lip slipper-shaped tip obtuse decurved, side lobes incurved ; anticous scale erect tinder the truncate 3-lobed tip. Camarotis obtusa, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1884, Misc. 73 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 881.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Griffith, Parish.
Stem 6-8 in., not so thick as a goose-quill, simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 by fin., subacute, keeled, often recurved. Raceme subsessile, lax-fld. ; bracts broad, acute ; flowers i in. diam., pale rose-cold. ; sepals and petals linear-oblong, obtuse ; lip yellowish with a subsaccate decurved apex, mouth with an exserted anticous lamella, midlobe minute 3-toothed ; beak of column long, obliquely incurved.
11. S. IKCannii, LLooh.f. ; raceme very short sessile few-fld., lip slipper- shaped obtuse decurved, side lobes obtusely triangular incurved, anticous scale truncate, close under the fleshy entire tip.
Khasia Hills, alt. 2-3000 ft., Maun.
Stem as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves very coriaceous, 4 by A— | in. Raceme i-| in. long; flowers -^ in. diam., apparently pale; sepals and petals spathulately
Sarcoehilus.] cxlviii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 37
oblong; Up with the claw as long as the saccate portion. — Very much stouter and larger more coriaceous -leaved than S. ohtusus. Lip with a ridge along the posticous face.
Sect. V. Chiloschista, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.)
12. S. usneoides, Reichh.f. in Whip. Ann. vi. 497 ; racemes elongate many-fld., flowers white, capsule li-2 in. Chiloschista usneoides, Lindl. in Wad. Cat. 7330 ; Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 219 ; Bot. Beg. under t. 1522 ; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. f. 4 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 43 ; Gard. Chron. 1846, 135. Thrixspermnm usneoides, Reichh.f. Xenia, ii. 120.
Teopical Himalaya ; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, J. D. TT.
iJoo^* densely tufted, tortuous ; stem 0. Raceme 3-6 in. ; bracts ovate acute, membranous ; flowers subsessile, i in. diam. ; sepals spreading, oblong, obtuse; side lobes of lip linear-oblong, obtuse; disk between the lobes pubescent ; midlobe truncate, emarginate; column very short ; rostellum indistinct ; anther broadly ovate, with 2-3 slender setae; pollinia 2, 2-lobed, strap very short broad, gland large. Capsule slender, slightly curved, glabrous.
13. S. luniferus, Eeichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1868, 786 (Thrixsper- mnm); racemes elongate, many-fld. flowers yellow spotted with purple. Sarcochilus luniferus, Bot. Mag. t. 7044.
Sikkim Himalaya, J. J). H. ; at Mungpo (7c?. in Sort. Calcutt.). Tenab- SEEiM ; at Moulmein Parish.
Except in the colour of the flowers I can find no difference between this and S. usneoides, the authority for the colours of which latter is a drawing made by Wallich's artists during his visit to Nepal, and another in Sikkim. Parish observes that very small leaves are sometimes produced, and these have been seen in Kew Gardens.
14. S. Wigrhtli* Hook. f. ; racemes short few-fld., flowers white or cream-coloured, capsule f in. long. Chiloschista usneoides, Wight Lc. 1. 1741 [excl. the left-hand figure) {not of Lindl.) ; Walp. Ann. vi. 498. ? ^Eceoceadus Retzii, Lindl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 237. Epidendrum pusillum, JRetz Ohs. vi. 49. Limoderum pusillum, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 126.
Malabar ; at Cochin, Johnson. Nilghiki Hills ; on the western slope of the Wynaad, Wight, &c. Ceylon, on trees in the Botanical Gardens ; Trimen.
A very imperfectly known species ; Wight's figure represents the side lobes of the lip as somewhat crenate, and the sepals and petals as glabrous without and hairy within, the flowers as much smaller than in C. usneoides, the capsules as much shorter and stouter. — Tlie left-hand figure (No. 7) on Wight's plate represents a very different plant, which I do not recognize. There is in Herb. Kew a specimen, apparently of 5. Wightii, from Ceylon (Herb. Ho|;t. Peradeniya), sent by Dr. Trimen (C.P. 4017), who has since informed me of its locality.
15. S. xninixnifolius, HooJc.f.\ raceme few-fld., capsule^ in. long Cymbidium minimifolium, Thwaites mss.
Ceylon ; Central Province, at Hattegodde Hill, Thwaites.
Roots much more slender than in S. usneoides. Leaves 2, very minute. Raceme i-f in.; flowers \ in. diam.; side lobes of lip rounded, nearly as large as the lateral sepals. Capsule much curved, pubescent. — The specimens are insufficient for a further description.
Sect. YI. (see p. 33).
16. S. Berkeley!* Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 557 (Thrix- spermnm) ; raceme elongate decurved, lip long-clawed produced into an elongate clavate laterally compressed obtuse spur with an inflated tip, side lobes smaU erect, midlobe minute incurved.
38 cxLViii. ORCHiDB^. (J. D. Hooker.) [SarcocMlus.
NicoBAB Islands ;* JSerkely.
Leaves 6-9 by 1-1^ in., lorate, narrowed from above the middle to the base, obliquely obtusely 2-lobed. Peduncle short, compressed ; raceme 4r-6 in., drooping, with many erect white flowers ; bracts short, broad, membranous ; sepals \ in. long, broadly ovate, lateral inserted on the long foot of the column ; petals broadly obovate ; midlobe of lip violet; column rather long, rostellum 2-cuspidate ; anther broad, low; poUinia 2, globose, strap short broad, gland orbicular. Capsule 5 in., narrow, curved. — The lip is unlike that of any other species of the genus, resembling rather that of Mrides.
17. Si leopardlnus, Par. So Beichh.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145 (Thrixspermum) ; stem short, raceme few-fld. much shorter than the leaves, sepals broadly oblong, petals much smaller, lip sessile, side lobes wing-like oblong obtuse, midlobe small, spur large urceolate.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stem 2-3 in., curved. Leaves 4-6 by f-1 in., lorate, fleshy, narrowed from the middle downwards, obtuse, many-nerved. Peduncle very stout; lower sheaths annular ; bracts short, broad, obtuse ; flowers yellow spotted with purple ; sepals i in. long, obtuse, lateral inserted on the long foot of the column, dorsal smallest ; lip with a large dorsal callus over the mouth of the descending fleshy round-based spur ; midlobe recurved, broadly ovate, caruncled, white spotted with purple ; anther depressed, pollinia broadly pyriform, sessile on a small gland.
18. S. viridiflorus* Sooh. f. ; stem very short, leaves 2 by | in. falcately oblong, raceme shorter than the leaves 4r-8 fld., lip narrowly clawed, side lobes falcate obtuse as long as the cylindric obtuse spur, midlobe reduced to a broad humid carunculate lobe, brides viridiflorum, Thwaites Enum. 430.
Cetlon ; on trees in the Central Province, Gardner (C.P. 3385), Trimen (C.P. 4016).
Leaves sessile, fleshy, nerveless, obliquely notched. Baceme half as long, few-fld. ; bracts small, broad, obtuse, membranous ; flower | in. diam, ; lateral sepals broadly obliquely ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved, adnate to the short foot of the column for half its length, the other half forming the claw of the lip ; petals linear oblong, obtuse, 1 -nerved. — I have seen only one small specimen and a coloured drawing.
19. S. hirsutus, Sook. f. ; stem short, leaves lorate emarginate base narrowed, peduncle and very short raceme hirsute, lateral sepals ovate obtuse, petals oblong-obovate, lip very short stipitate on the prolonged foot of the column, side lobes elongate falcate, midlobe laterally compressed, disk with a broad transverse plate in front of the side lobes.
Perak, Kunstler (Sort. JBot. Calc.)
Leaves 4-8 by l-l^ in., flat, narrowed from beyond the middle downwards, tip rounded with a notch. Peduncle with 4-6-fld. raceme 1-2 in. ; bracts ovate ; pedicel with ovary \ in. ; flower subglobose, expanded | in. diam. ; sepals and petals golden barred with carmine ; lip pale, half as long as the sepals, claw dilated and concave at the base of the side lobes, a short serrated cupular membrane rises between the base of the side lobes over the base of the narrow compressed midlobe ; column rather long, base contracted; anther shortly beaked, apiculate behind, 1 -celled; pollinia globose, strap short linear, gland small. — Described from drawing in Hort. Calcutt., and analysis of dried flower. It is very diflicult to describe the structure of the lip ; its claw may be the base of the column produced beyond the insertion of the broad- based lateral sepals.
Sect. YII. FoRNiCARiA, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 575. (See p. 33.)
20. S. Kystrix, Beichh.f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 500; peduncle about as
Sarcochilus.'] oxlwii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 39
long as tlie short loriform leaves, bracts erect subulate-lanceolate, side lobes of the lip glandular-hairy. Dendrocolla Hystrix, JBlume Bijdr. 291. brides Hystrix, Lindl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 242. Thrixspermum Hystrix, Reichh.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145. Grosourdya Hystrix, Reichb.f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 123 ; in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 297.
Tenasseeim; at Mergui, Oriffith {Kew Distrib. 5232), Parish. — Disteib. Java.
Stem 1-3 in. Leaves 2-3 by ^— | in., obtusely 2-lobed ; sheaths ribbed. Peduncle 2-3 in., stout or slender, 2-3 sheathed ; spike ^-\ in. ; flowers white ; sepals and petals \ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate ; lip stoutly clawed, spotted with yellow, base saccate, side lobes triangular, midlobe truncate glandular-pubescent within ; column very short ; anther broad ; poUinia 2 bipartite or 4 in very unequal pairs, strap broad, gland rounded. Ga'psule 2^-4 in., linear, straight.' — Reichen- bach is my authority for this being a Javan plant, and for the Javan synonymy.
21. S. pulchellus, Trim. Cat. Geyl. Plants, 89; characters of 8. Hystrix, but side lobes of lip glabrous. Dendrocolla pulchella, Thwaites Enum. 430. Cylindrochilus pulchellus, ihid. I.e. 307.
Ceylon ; in the Central Province, ascending to 2000 ft.
Bentham (Gen. Plant, iii. 575) suspects that this and Hystrix are one, but in the absence of good specimens of either I hesitate to unite them. — Capsule 2-2^ in. ; the sepals and petals are lanceolate, acute, lateral inserted on the very short foot of the short column. Capsule 2^-3^ in., slender, straight, subacute.
22. S. hirtulus, Hooh.f. Ic. Plant, ined.; peduncles hirtulous, much shorter than the falcately lanceolate obtusely acuminate leaves, bracts minute, spur long incurved, column very long contracted at the base.
Peeak, Scortechini. Malacca, Maingay.
Stem very short, or 0. Leaves 3-5 by i— | in., coriaceous, falcate, narrowed from the middle downwards, tip recurved. Peduncle ^-1 in. ; spike ^^ in. ; bracts spreading ; flowers membranous ; lateral sepals ^ in. long, obovate- oblong, acute, 3-nerved ; petals narrower ; lip clawed, side lobes very narrow, elongate, recurved, midlobe much broader than long, formed of two falcately recurved lobes with an intermediate tooth ; spur swollen above the narrow apex ; anther shortly beaked ; pollinia 2, globose, stipitate on the cuneiform strap, gland minute. Capsule 1^ in., very slender. — A curious little plant with a longer column than usual in the genus.
23. S. recurvus, Hook. f. Lc. Plant, ined. ; peduncles much longer than the shortly loriform leaves, spike oblong, bracts broadly ovate densely imbricate acuminate recurved.
Peeak ; Limbo Hills, in Larut, King's Collector.
Stem very short. Leaves 1-2 in., narrowed to the^ base, obtuse or retuse. Peduncles 4-5 in., rather stout; spike |-f in. ; bracts very coriaceous; flowers not seen.
24. S. trichogrlottis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; stem elongate, peduncles shorter than the shortly loriform leaves, spike short, bracts ovate-lanceolate, lip sessile saccate hirsute within, side lobes rounded hairy on both surfaces, midlobe a minute tooth.
Peeak, Scortechini, King's Collector. Sinoapoee, Ridley.
Habit and foliage of S. Hystrix, but sepals and petals much narrower, and lip hairy. — Described from King's specimen and drawings by Scortechini and Ridley, who has sent me a sketch of a flower of what appears to be this species from Singa- pore. The lateral sepals are inserted at the base of the footless column.
25. S. filiformis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; stem elongate, leaves
40 cxLviii. ORCHIDE-E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcochilus.
8-10 in. filiform terete, peduncle much shorter than the leaves, lip a spur- like cylindric sac with orbicular side lobes.
Perak ; at Larut, on branches of trees, King's Collector.
Stem in the only specimen 3 in. ; sheaths -^ in,, strongly ribbed ; roots very long and slender. Leaves about i in. diam., flexuous. Peduncle.? 1^-3 in. ; spike i— | in. ; bracts -^^ in., broadly ovate, obtuse, fleshy; pedicel and ovary i in. ; flowers white; sepals i in., oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, lateral adnate to the broad foot of the column ; petals obtuse, 7-nerved ; lip sessile, side lobes large, midlobe the lunate apex of the subcylindric round basal sac, calli 0 ; column very short, foot broad fleshy. — Flowers much like those of S. Trimeni, but habit very different.
26. S. xnerffuensis, HooJc.f. Ic Plant, ined.; stem short, peduncles much shorter than the small linear-oblong leaves, bracts imbricate erect, capsule 1-li in. linear terete beaked.
Tenasseeimj at Mergui, Griffith (in Herb. Lindl.).
A remarkable little species, with the stem ^ in. long, clothed with the imbricating bases of the distichousleaves, which are about an inch long. Peduncles i-l in,, fili- form ; raceme \ in, ; bracts ovate, acuminate. Capsule shortly pedicelled, \ in. diam., striate, beak JJ in.
Sect. YIII. CucuLLA, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 575. (See p. 33.)
27. S. lilacinus, Griff. Notul. iii. 334 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 320, f. ii. ; stem elongate, leaves amplexicaul ovate-cordate, peduncle very long, sepals and petals broadly ovate many-nerved, lip saccate, side lobes falcate obtuse, midlobe small recurved, disk with a prominent callus. Walp. Ann. vi. 499. S. amplexicaulis, Peichb. f. in Walp. I. c. Dendrocolla amplexicaulis, Plume Bijdr. 288. iErides amplexicaule, Xiwc?/. Gen. ^ Sp.. Orchid. 239. Orsidice amplexicaulis, Peichh. f. in Bonpland. ii. 93. Thrixspermum amplexicaule & lilacinum, Reichh.f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 121.
Malay Peninsula ; from Perak to Singapore, in marshes. — Distrib. Malay Islands.
Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a goose-quill, decumbent, internodes 1-2 in. ; roots very slender. Leaves 1^-2 in., tip rounded, sheaths smooth. Peduncle 8-10 in. ; sheaths obtuse, appressed; raceme 1-8 in., few or many-fld.; rachis 4-angled ; bracts ^ in., obtuse, not imbricating; ovary very slender; sepals \ in., latei-al adnate to the produced foot of the column, and petals white lilac or bluish; lip white, yellowish and pubescent within, base with a tuft of hairs ; column very short ; anther hyaline ; pollinia 4, pairs very unequal, oblong, sessile on a reniform strap. Capsule 4-6 in., linear, straight, angles narrowly winged.
28. S> Scopa, Peichh. f. mss. in Herb. Kew {llhTi:s.BT^QriociVim)\ leaves linear-oblong sessile obtuse, peduncle rather longer than the leaves, sepals and petals lanceolate with very long capillary tails many-nerved, lip shortly stipitate saccate, side lobes falcate acute, midlobe small acute papillose, disk with a columnar callus.
Perak ; at Larut, on branches of trees, King's Collector.
Stem and roots like those of S. lilacinus ; internodes 2 in. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous. Peduncle 2-3 in., at right angles to the stem ; raceme 1 in. ; bracts A in., ensiform, subacute; sepals 1^ long and petals many-nerved, margins of lip papillose.
29. S. Scort echini, ^00^. y. ; leaves oblong lorate 2-1 obed, peduncle very long rather slender, sepals and petals lanceolate with long narrow tips, lip saccate, side lobes short, midlobe conical obtuse fleshy.
JSarcocJiilus.] cxlviii. orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 41
Peeak, ScoTtechini.
Stem 6 in., very stout, covered by the sheaths, internodes f in. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1| in., coriaceous. Peduncle equalling or longer than the leaves (9 in. in Ic. Scort.) ; raceme 2 in., bracts close set, f in. long ; sepals 2^ in. long, ^ in. broad at the base and petals yellow; lip yellowish, thickly mottled with rusty red outside; pollinia
4, 2 much smaller, adnate to the larger; gland lunate, strap oblong. Capsule 4r-5 by -i- in. — I know these noble species only from a drawing and description by Scortechini.
30. S. Arachnites, Reichh.f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 498 ; stem elongate, leaves loriform, peduncles shorter than the leaves, sepals and petals linear- lanceolate caudately acuminate 3-5-nerved, lip saccate, side lobes falcate, midlobe tongue-shaped laterally flattened obtuse puberulous. S. serrae- forrais, Reiclib. f. I.e. Dendrocolla Arachnites, Blume Bijdr. 287, t. 67. -brides Arachnites, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orekid. 238. Liparis serrseforrais, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1946; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 33 (ea-c^. Ceylon plant). Thrixspermum Arachnites, Reichh.f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 121.
Assam, Jenkins, Mann. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. Tenasserim and Tavoy, Wallich, Parish. Penan &, Kunstler {Ic. in Sort. CalcufL). — Distkib. Java.
Stem 6-12 in., curved or tortuous, internodes short; roots most numerous and long. Leaves 3-6 by ^— | in. Peduncles many, 2-4 in., solitary or in pairs, bracts ^ in. ; sepals and petals 1\ in., yellow ; lip mottled with red ; column very short ; pollinia oblong, curved, strap very small, quadrate, gland still smaller, lunate. Capsule 2-2^ in.
31. S. complanatus, Hooh. f. ; habit, foliage and inflorescence of
5. Arachnites, but flowers very much smaller, sepals and petals ^-^ in. acute not caudate, lip a small sessile cup with an incurved minute midlobe and a callus in the concavity. Dendrocolla serrseformis, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 33 {the Ceylon plant only) ; Thwaites Enum. 307. Epidendrum complanatum, Betz Obs. vi. 50. Limodorum complanatum, W^illd. Sp. PI. iv. 126 ; Undl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 127.
Ceylon, Macrae, Walker ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, rare, Thwaites.
Like S. Arachnites. I can distinguish it only by the very different flower and form of the lip ; and for these characters I am indebted to a copy of a drawing in the Peradeniya Bot. Garden. Tlie leaves vary from 2-7 by i-f in., obtuse or un- equally notched ; the peduncle from 1-3 in., and the raceme from 1-5 in. ; capsule 2-2^ in,, linear, straight ; pollinia 4 in unequal pairs narrow, quite distinct, and without strap or gland in the figure. — There is a specimen of this in Herb'. Rottler, without habitat, named Epidendrum complanatum, Retz. Obs. vi. 50.
32. S. brachystachys, HooJc.f. ; stem rigid, sheaths i-f in. strongly ribbed when dry, leaves oblong, peduncle with the few-fld. raceme much shorter than the leaves, sepals oblong and obovate-oblong petals obtuse, side lobes of sessile lip falcate incurved, midlobe as long fleshy oblong, spur scrotiform.
Penang ; on blocks of stone amongst decayed leaves, Maingay. ■ Stem as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 2^-3 by |-1 in., obtuse, notched. Peduncles at every node with the raceme 1 in,, very stout, rigid ; bracts 3-4, \ in. long, rouuded ; sepals and petals about 1 in. long, keel narrowly winged ; column very short ; anther low, not beaked.
33. S. pauciflorus, -H'oo^\/. ; stem rigid, leaves rather distant ob- long obtuse, peduncle much shorter than the leaves 2-3-fld., sepals oblong- lanceolate acute, petals nearly as large obovate-oblong obtuse, lip stipitate,
42 cxLViii. ORCHiDEJ!!. (J. D. Hooker.} [Sarcochilus,
side lobes broad rounded obtuse, midlobe small fleshy obtuse with a conic callus at its base, sac or spur short recurved obtuse.
Perak ; on the Larut range, alt. 3000 ft,, Scortechini.
Stem I in. diam., flexuous. Leaves 2i-3 by l^-l-^^ in., coriaceous. Peduncle with raceme 1 in., basal sheaths imbricate ; bracts f in., "subacute ; sepals | in. long, white ; lip yellow, with a broad lamella between the side lobes j column very short ; anther depressed ; pollinia 2, each 2-lobed, strap short.
Sect. IX. EiDLEYA, gen. ? (See p. 33.)
34. S- notabiliS) Sooh.f. Ic. Plant, ined.; sepals and petals filiform from a narrowly lanceolate 3-nerved base, lip sessile at the base of the column deeply saccate, mouth dilated, tip contracted into a capillary tail.
SiNGAPOEE, Eidley.
Stem very short. Leaves 1^-2 in., subsessile, elliptic oblong, strongly striate when dry. Peduncles 3 or more from one point on the stem, 4^ in. long, curved, naked ; raceme 2f in., rachis \ in. diam. across the ovate incurved coriaceous subacute bracts ; pedicel and ovary very slender, \ in. long ; perianth very membranous, white ? sepals and petals | in, long, 3-nerved at the base ; lip a large sac rounded at the base, delicately veined ; column very short, foot 0 ; anther low, feembranous, 2-celled ; pollinia 2, clavate, sessile on a rather large gland. — A very singular and beautiful little plant, which I hesitate to remove from Sarcochilus as a genus, and dedicate to its discoverer. It closely resembles in flower 8. Arachnites, but the stemless habit, foliage, inflorescence and footless column are very diff'erent.
SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME OB IMPEErECTLY KNOWN.
Thrixspeemum Freemani, Eeichl. f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, 749; dwarf, roots warted, leaves 6-7 by 1\ in. ligulate unequally 2-toothed, racemes many-fld., bracts semiovate larger than the small ovary, sepals linear long narrow, petals a little shorter, lip small saccate 3-toothed, with 4 small stipitate globose warted bodies before the base, centre white, lateral parts yellow with brown streaks. — Assam, Freeman. — Kaceme like a yellow-brownish spotted broom.
S. siLLEMiANUS, Meichh.f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, i. 524 ; habit of Vanda teres, leaves slender elongate terete, peduncle 2-fld., bracts very short triangular, flowers milk-white suff'used with yellow, mentum long, dorsal sepals elliptic, lateral cuneate- oblong, petals obtusely rhomboid, lip erect trifid, spur corniform nearly as long as the pedicel of the ovary, side lobes subquadrate striped with purple, midlobe shorter thick retuse 4-grooved, white outside with 2 purple blotches, yellow within, calli 0, column short thick, anther inappendiculate. — Burma ?
S.— Sect. Cuculla ; ve?,emh\es, S. hrachystachys, but stem much more slender, internodes |-1 in., not strongly ribbed when dry. — Mergui, Griffith (No. 1124).
S. — Sect. Cuculla ; resembles S. Arachnites, but capsule 4 in. long and pro- portionately stout. — Perak, Scortechini.
S. — Sect. Cuculla; a very small species ; stem 1-2 in., curved, peduncle 1 in., slender, bracts few distant acute, young capsule 1 in., very slender. — Khasia Hills, at Amwee, J. B. S. Sc T. T.
57. TRZCKOGIiOTTZS, Blume.
Epiphytes ; stem elongate, leafy. Leaves distichous, flat, narrow. Flowers in branched panicles or solitary or few in very short racemes. Sepals and petals widely spreading oblanceolate or subspathulate. Lip adnate to the sides of the very short column, narrow, base saccate or spurred ; side lobes one or.two pairs of narrow processes ; midlobe straight, or decurv©d from the middle, hairy. Column very short, sides produced into
Sarcochilus.'] cxlviii. oeohidejE. (J. D. Hooker.) 43
2 spurs or horns ; anther incompletely 2-celled ; pollinia 2, globose, strap rather short, gland moderate. — Species 3 or 4 .^ Malayan.
In the absence of good materials, I am doubtful as to the correctness of the above definition of Trichoglottis. Bentham refers Blume's T. retusa to Saccolahium ; and by replacing that author's character of " lip adnate to the whole length of the column, with a process on each side," by "lip adnate to the foot of the column and forming with it a long horizontal spur-like mentum " and omitting that of a hairy lip, he excludes the others. I am disposed to regard the hairy-lipped species figured by Blume in his Bijdragen (2'. retusa, 360, fig. viii.) as the type of the genus. That this is Kurz's and Reichenbach's view appears from the plants they have referred to it. In this case Trichoglottis is referable to the group with no foot to the column. There are amongst Scortechini's drawings of Perak Orchids, one or two that are referable to this genus, but the analyses are insufficient.
1. T. Dawsoniana, Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1872,699; flowers panicled pale green spotted with brown or purple, sepals and petals cuspi- date on the back below the concave tip, lip saccate at the base tip 2-fid. Cleisostoma Dawsoniana, ReicKb.f. in Qard. Chron. 1868, 815.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
S^em 1-2, ft., stout, rooting, ieave* few 3-6 by f-1 in.. Panicle 18 in., erect, stijff, branches spreading ; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicel with ovary \ in. ; flowers 1-1^ in. diam. ; anther 2-lobed, crested ; pollinia large, strap short slender. — Near T.fasciata, R. f., erroneously supposed to be a native of Ceylon, of which there is a fine drawing in Hort. Calcutt., giving Manilla as the habitat.
2. T. quadricornuta, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. 8oc. xlv. 156, t. 13 ; glabrous, leaves linear-lanceolate subsessile acuminate, flowers solitary or 3-4-panicled, sepals obovate-oblong obtuse, petals similar but narrower, lip strongly arched inflexed 2 posterior lobes acute twice as long as the basilar, with a hirsute callus between them, terminal lobes reflexed linear 2-fid, with a callus under the tip, spur subobtuse rather longer than the midlobe.
NicoBAB Islands ; forests of Kamorta, Kurz.
Leaves 2-3-5 i"-> base narrowed, twisted. Flowers leaf-opposed; pedicel |- in.; sepals I in. long, laieial subfalcate ; column very short; pollinia globose. — Description from Kurz 1. c, 1 have seen no flowers.
58. aiRIDES, Lour.
Epiphytes ; stem leafy, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves linear, coriaceous. Flowers usually many and highly coloured, in dense or lax decurved racemes (few large or sessile in Sect. 1.). Sepalshioad, spreading, lateral adnate to the base or foot of the column. L'etals broad, spreading. Lip spurred, side lobes large small or 0 ; midlobe larger than the side lobes or smaller and incurved between them. Column short, foot long or short, rostellum short or long and bifid ; anther 2-celled, beaked or not, pollinia 2, globose, sulcate; strap long or short, gland large or small. — Species about 10, Eastern Asiatic.
I am indebted for aid in determining the cultivated species of Sect. ii. & iii. to Messrs. Veitch for specimens, and to great knowledge of his assistant, Mr. Kent, and of Mr. Rolfe (of the Kew Herbarium) for valuable information respecting them.
Sect. I. Leaves terete, grooved in front. (See also ^. mitratum.) Peduncle 1-2-fld. Spur slightly incurved, with a callus half way down the tube. Anther shortly beaked.
44 ciLTiii. OROHIDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [brides.
1. S:. Vandarum, Beichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1867,997 ; 1875,590; 1885, ii. 629, fig. 143 ; leaves 6-10 in., peduncle stont, side lobes of lip nar- rowly lanceolate, outer margin toothed, midlobe clawed tip dilated 2-partite. M. cylindricum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4982 {not of Lindl.) ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 {the Sikkim plant) ; Warner Orchid. Alb. iii. t. 116.
SlJBTEOPICAL SiKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. KHASIA HILLS,
alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. Sf T. T. Munnipoee, alt. 4000 ft., Watt.
Stems 1-2 ft., tufted, as thick as a goose-quill ; roots ^ in. broad, flat. Leaves as thick as a duck's-quill. Peduncle 1-1^ in. ; flowers l|-2 in. diam., white ; perianth with crisped margins ; sepals obovate-oblong j petals broader ; side lobes of lip flexuous, as long as the cylindric spur; segments of midlobe orbicular, toothed ; pollinia globose ; strap narrowly cuneate, gland large. Capsule 1^-2^ in., fusiform.
2. SX, long'icornu, HooJc.f. Lc. Plant, ined.; leaves 6-8 in., peduncle very slender, side lobes of lip 2-partite, segments elongate subulate, mid- lobe narrow clawed, tip slightly dilated 2-fid. Mesoclastes uni^ora,, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1993 ; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 45. Luisia uniflora, JBlume Mumph. iv. 50 ; Mus. Bot, i. 64 ; Lindl. FoL Orchid. 3.
Nepal, WallicTi. Uppee Assam ; Naga Hills, alt. 5500 ft., Clarice.
Much more slender than JE. Vandarum. Leaves as thick as a sparrow-quill. Peduncle Wn.', flowers 1 in. diam., white; perianth with crisped margins; lateral sepals much larger than the orbicular-oblong petals ; side lobes of lip shorter than the long spur, segments curved forwards, outer shortest, midlobe membranous, lobes divaricate. Capsule 2 in., fusiform ; peduncle and pedicel very slender.
3. IB. cylindricum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7317 ; Gen §^ Sp. Orchid. 240; leaves 2-6 in., peduncle short stout, side lobes .of lip oblong obtuse, midlobe short cuneiform fleshy many-ridged. Wight Lc. t. 1744 ; Ga,rd. Chron. 1875, i. 537 ; 1886, i. 405, fig. 81. Epidendrum subulatum, Betz Obs. vi. 50. Limodorum subulatum, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 126. Cymbidium elegans, Serb. Heyne.
Deccan Peninsula; from the Coorg Hills, Heyne, to Travancore, Wight, &c.
Stem elongate, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves as thick as a crow-quill, very obliquely acuminate. Floioers 2-3, IJ in. diam., white or tinged with pink; sepals obovate-oblong, obtuse, lateral decurved ; petals broader, shorter ; side lobes of lip erect, nearly as large as the midlobe, which is yellowish at the base ; spur recurved ; column rather long ; strap of pollinia short, broad. Capsule 2 in., fusiform or sub- clavate. — The ridged lip is that of Vanda.
Sect. II, Leaves lorate, keeled (semi-terete in ^. mitratum). Side lobes of lip very small, midlobe large; spur incurved.
* Lip horizontal or inflexed.
4. HS. mitratum, Beichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 415 ; leaves very long filiform, side lobes of lip minute uncinate, midlobe broadly ovate retuse, spur short inflated. Bot. Mag. i. 5728.
Tenasslrim ; at Moulmein {Hort. Bay).
Stem 1-2 in., and roots very stout. Leaves 2-3 ft., ^ in. diam., deeply grooved above. Racemes many, suberect, 3 in. long, cylindric ; peduncle very stout; bracts minute, acute; flowers | in. diam.; petals and sepals subsimilar, oblong, tips rounded, white or tipped with violet ; lip longer and broader than the sepals, violet ; spur contracted at the neck, inflated, compressed, base truncate, obtuse, tip pointing forwards.
5. ffi. multiflorum, Roxb. Cor. PL iii. 63, t. 271 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 475 ; midlobe of lip hastately ovate tip rounded, spur short straight. Belg. Sortie. 1876, 286; Walp. Ann. vi. 897. M. aflfine, Wall. Cat. 7316;
brides.'] cxtvili. oiiCHtDE/il. CJ. t). Hooker.) 45
Lindl. Gen. 8f Sp. Orchid. 239 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 15 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. in. 41 ; £ot. Mag. t. 4049 ; Warner, Sel. Orchid. Ser. i. t. 21. M. roseum, Lodd., ex Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 109, t. 60; Jard. Fleur. ii. t. 200; Gartenfl. viii. 253, t. 267 ; III. Sortie, iii. t. 88.^ M. Lobbii, ILort. ex. III. Sort. 1868, t. 559 (an Teism. & Binn. ?). M. Veitchii, Sort, ex Morven in Belg. Hortic. 1876, 291 ; William's Man. 70. M. trigonum, Klotzch. in Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenz. 1855, 177. Epidendrum geniculatum, Serb. Sam.
Tropical Himalaya ; from Garwhal eastwards, the Khasia Hills, and south- ward to Tenasserim.
Stem 4-10 in., stout. Leaves G-8 in., deeply channelled and keeled, variable in breadth, 2-lobed, Racemes 6-12 in., rarely branched, shortly peduncled j flowers f-l^ in. diam., rose purple, sometimes spotted with darker; sepals and petals sub- equal, oblong, tips rounded ; lip twice as long, sides recurved, claw geniculately inflexed, spur ^ as long as the midlobe, pointing forwards under it with an incurved fleshy 2-lobed callus on the base of the midlobe; column beaked; anther long- beaked, strap long slender. Capsule |-2 in., subclavate, stoutly pedicelled. — Common and variable. Lindley^ overlooked Roxburgh's works. In Griffith's Eastern Himalayan collections, a fruiting specimen of which is a different species, or perhaps a very large var. of this or the following, with leaves 12-14 by 1^ in.> and a stout raceme 12-16 in., the capsules are oi multijiorum,
6. m. Fielding-ii, Lodd. ex Morren in Belg. Sortie. 1876, 286, t. 10 ; characters of JE. multiflorum, but a much more robust plant, with a different habit of growth, and an acute apex of the hastate midlobe of the lip. Jenning's Orchid, t. 20 ; Beichh. f. in Samb. Gartenzeit. 1855, 225 ; Morven. Belg. Sortie. 1876, 286. M. Williamsi, Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. i. t. 21.
SiKKiM Himalaya and Assam. •
I am indebted to Mr. Kent, of Messrs. Veitch's establishment, for calling my attention to the differences between this and J^. multijiorum. They are difficult of detection in Herbarium specimens. According to the published figures the flowers vary in colour, white, red, and purple. ^. Williamsi is a white flowered variety. The figure of ^. affi^ne in Bot. Mag. (cited above under multijiorum) is referred to Fieldingii by Morren, but it is of far too slender a habit. — The Foxbrush Orchid, of gardens.
7. .TO. maculosum, Lindl. in Bat. Beg. 1845, t. 58 ; in Gard. Chron. 1845, 691 ; midlobe of lip ovate tip broad obtuse or retuse margins undulate, spur slender uncinately incurved. Paxt. Mag. Bot. xii. t. 49; Walp. Ann. v. 897 ; Pescatorea, i. t. 33 ; Lindenia, i. t. 11. Saccolabium speciosum, Wight Ic. t. 1674, 1675.
Western Ghats ; from the Concan to Trayancore. Rajpootana ; on Mt. Abo.
Near ^. multijiorum., but stem shorter, leaves more flat, racemes more often branched, flowers larger but very variable in size, pale spotted with purple, tip bi'ight rose, spur longer and more slender. — Var. Schroederi, Jard. Fleurist. t. 54 ; Gardner's Mag. Bot. ii. 121, toith fig. ; Pesiatorea, t. 36. JE. illustre, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 7, is a robust form with fewer shorter leaves, and large flowers blotched with purple, and amethystine tip.
8. H:. crispum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7319; Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 239; in Bot. Beg. 1841, t. 65 ; in Gard. Chron. 1842, 711 {with Jig.) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; midlobe of lip large broadly ovate-oblong obscurely 3-lobed crenate or toothed, spur very short obtuse. Bot. Mag. t. 4427 ; Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. FL 265 ; Flore des Serres, v. t. 48 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 896; I^Z.Jaor^^c. 1847, 123; Gard. Chron. lSh2, 24^, with Fig.; Belg. Sortie. 1876, 287 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 293 {var.). M. Lindleyanum, Wight
46 oxLviii. OROHiDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [brides.
Ic. t. .1677 his. ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; Wall. I. c. 879. A. Brookeii, Lindl. in Gard. Ghron. 1841, 518 ; 1842, 559 ; Batem. in Bot. Beg. 1841, Misc. 55; Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. t. 145; Flo7^e des Sevres, t. 151. A..JNj^ViQYi, Hort.
Westebn Ghats ; from the Concan to Travancore.
Stem 4-10 in., very stout. Leaves 4-8 in., from oblong to lorate, variable in breadth, thickly coriaceous, lobes unequal rounded. Racemes 8-12 in,, inclined or drooping, simple or branched; pedicels very robust; flowers 1^ in. diam., sweet- scented; sepals and petals very broad, pale rose; lip geniculately iuflexed at the claw, rose or purple, 2-cornute at the base ; spur much shorter than the blade, and projecting forwards under it ; anther long-beaked, strap of pollinia slender below, dilated above. Capsule l|-2 in., clavate or pyriform, angles subalate. — I find no character whereby to separate ^. Lindleyanum. Lindley says of ^. Brookeii, more odorous than ^. odoratum.
9. iE. falcatum, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 142 ; side lobes of lip half as long as tlie clawed midlobe dimidiate oblong or falcate, rnidlobe ovate or ovate-cordate sides replicate erose, spur parallel to the midlobe and concealed under it. Peichb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 220, t. 92 ; Aforren Belg. Hortic. 1876, 288 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 897. M. Larpentae, Hort. Mahoy Prix Cour. 1862 ; Beichb. f. in Otto & Bietr. Gartenz. 1856, 219. M. retro- fractum, Wall. mss.
TBSASSH.-RIM, Wallich, Parish, &G.
Stem 6-8 in., robust. Leaves 8-12 by 1-1^ in. Raceme decurved or pendulous, lax-fid.; flowers l-l|i in. diam., white, pale-violet, purple or pink; sepals and petals often, tipped with a darker shade, and lip usually darker ; lateral sepals with a very broad base ; column beaked ; foot elongate; anther long-beaked; strap of pollinia slender, glsmd small.
10. lEt. crassifolium, Par. & Beichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145 ; characters of .M. falcatum, but much more robust, with shorter leaves, dark purple flowers and the spur geniculate at the base and not' hidden Tinder the midlobe of the lip. Beichb. /. in Gard.Chron. 1877, i 633, and ii. 492, fig. 96; Otia Hamburg. 43; Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 3, t. 12. M. expansum, Beichb./. I. c. 1882, ii. 40.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Very nearly allied to JE. falcalum, the chief difi'erence being the form of the spur and that "the sides of the midlobe of the lip are so reflected as that their under surfaces meet. — Var. Leonce, Reichb. f. >n Bull. Soc. Tor. d'Orticult. x. t. 14; Williams' Orchid. Man. t. 14, is described as having retuse side lobes of the lip and an expanded midlobe.
** Lip deflexed.
11. HS. radicosum, A. Bich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. xv. 65, t. i. c. ;
stem short very stout, leaves 4-10 by |-li in. unequally 2-lobed, racemes or panicles very stout rarely exceeding the leaves, sepals orbicular and rather smaller "^petals 5-nerved, side lobes of lip minute, midlobe ovate, disk with 2 large basal calli, spur longer than the sepals stout incurved obtuse. Saccolabium Wightianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7303 {in part) ; Got. Sf" Sp. Orchid. 221 {ea-cl. Syn.) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36 iexcl. Khasia) ; WigJit Ic. t. 917. S. rubrum, Wight Ic. 1673 {not of Lindl.). S. ringens, jCmdZ. in Wall. Cat. 7313; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 220; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 884.
The Deccan Peninsula; on the Nilghiri and Pulney Hills, and at Quilon, Wight, &c.
Stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves leathery, rigid, mottled with purple in
brides.] cxlviii. orohidejb. (J. D. Hooker.) 47
Wight's S. ruhrum. Peduncle very short and stout ; raceme simple or sparingly branched, rachis stout ; bracts minute ; flowers f in. diam., bright red in Wight's S. ruhrum, nearly white with rosy tips in his S. Wightianum ; spur about as long as the blade of the lip, incurved, obtuse ; anther beaked ; strap of poUiuia short, subtriangular, gland large. Capsule -| in. long, pyriform, angled and grooved.
12. IS\. linear e, Hook. f. ; stem sliort stout, leaves 6-12 by \-i in. very unequally 2-lobed, panicle lon^ peduncled much branched longer than the leaves, flowers as in /E. radicosum, but rather smaller rose-cold. Saccolabium lineare, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7312. S. paniculatum, Wight Ic. t. 1676; Re\chh.f. in Bonpl. iii. 226. Cymbidium lineare, -2er&. Seyne.
Deccan Peninsula. ; on the Ghats from Canara southwards, alt. 5-7500 ft., Wight, &c. Ceylon ; in the Doombera district, Thwaites.
As far as 1 can judge from dried specimen ^. Uneare is with difficulty dis- tinguishable from JE. radicosum, except by the more slender very much branched panicle, and rather smaller flowers. Wallich's specimens of Sacc. lineare are very bad. — The synonyms of this and the preceding may be mixed.
Sect, III, Leaves lorate, keeled. Midlobe of lip incurved between the much larger side lobes.
13. lEi. odoratum, Lour. Ft. Coch. 525 ; lobes of leaf large rounded, lateral sepals much larger than the dorsal and petals, midlobe of lip oblong-lanceolate acute entire or erose. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sj). Orchid. 239 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; £ot. Mag. 4139 ; Faxt. Fl. Gard. ii. t. 143 ; Flor. Gal. ii. 75; Maund Botanist, iv. t. 180; Knowles & West. t. 75; Hartm. Farad, ii. t. 4; Walp. Ann. vi. S98, Lindenia, t. 14Cvar.). M. cor- nutum, Foxb. Sort. Feng. 63 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 472; Lot. Beg. t. 1485.
Teopical Himalaya ; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, J". D.S". The Khasia Hills, SiLHET, Chittagong and Tenasseeim. The Concan, Heyne in Herb. Hottl. — DiSTRlB, Java, China, Cochin-China.
Stem 4-12 in., very stout. Leaves 6-10 by f-lf in. iBaceme* many, 10-12 in. ; peduncle, and rachis stout; flowers purple to nearly white, sweet-smelling, often purple-spotted or -tipped ; side lobes of lip subcuneate, midlobe short ; spur very large, uncinately incurved; column short; anther obtuse ; strap of pollinia notlong, linear, gland small. Capsule 1-1|- in., oblong-clavate, angles obtuse ; pedicel \ in., very stout.
Vae. bicuspidata ; midlobe of lip with a bicuspidate tip. — Malacca, Maingay (Kew Listrih. 1648). Peeak {Ic. in Fort. Calcut.). A specimen of this sent from Calcutta (Garden?) to Herb. Hooker by Dr. Carey is named by the latter JE. cornutum.
14. S:. suavissimuxn, Lindl. in Journ. Fort. Soc. iv. 263 ; in Faxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 141, t. 66; differs from ^, odoratum in the midlobe of the lip being longer and emarginate. Jat^d. Fleur. t. 213 ; Folfe in Gard. Ghron. 1890, i. 43; Walp. Ann. vi. 898, M. Eeichenbachii, Linden in Koch & Fintelm. Wochenschrift, 185S, 61; Feichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 11, t. 104. M. nobile, Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 1. t. 11 ; Gartenfl. 40, t, 641. ^ M. Rohanianum, Beichb.f. in Gard. Chron. 1884, i. 206. M. flavidum, Lindl. in Faxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 101. M. Ballantinianum, Feichb. f. in Gard. Ghron. 1885, ii. 198.
Penang and Buema.
Said to be the sweetest scented species of the genus, but more definite characters are wanting to distinguish it from JE*. odoratum. The sepals and petals are rosy with often darker tips, the spur yellow mottled red. ^. Ballantinianum is an early flowering form,
15. S:. Emericii, Feichb. /. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 586 ; lobes of
48 CXlYiiI. ORCHIDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [brides.
leaf long narrow subacute, sepals longer than the petals, midlobe of lip lanceolate acute.
Andaman Islands, Berkeley.
Stem 6-8 in. Leaves 10-12 by f-1^ In., lobes much longer than in M. odoratum. Racemes 6-8 in. ; flowers ^ in. diam., pale lilac, pedicels 1 in., side lobes of lip rounded, entire ; spur short, stout ; foot- of column very short ; anther shortly beaked ; strap of pollinia long, linear. — Much the smallest flowered of the Indian species.
SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.
JE. Boeassi, Sam. ex. Smith in Bees Cyclop, xxxix. No. 8, is undeterminable.
M. DECUMBENS, Griff'. Notul. iii. 365 {vnthout descript.) ; Ic. jPlant. Asiat. t. 320, fig. 1 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 423 ; from Mogoung in Burma. Stem very short. Leaves 2-4 in., elliptic, acute, many-nerved ; peduncles several, short, stout, f ew-fld. ; bracts small, triangular ; pedicels with ovary f in., erect j flowers I in. diam. ; lateral sepals very broad, obtuse. — This has the habit of a I^halcenopsis.
JE. lasiopetalum, Willd..Sp. PL iv. 130, is undeterminable.
JE. LEPIDUM, Eeichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. 466 ; leaves lorate obtusely 2-lobed, flowers white ascending, sepals and petals subequal oblong apiculate, tips and of lip and spur purple, side lobes of lip short triangular, midlobe larger triangular, spur filiform curved as long as the pedicelled, with a slender curved ascending tooth in the middle of the cavity. — British India, Berkeley.
M. Mend ALII, Jenning's Orchid, under t. xxx., without description, is probably M.falcatum.
M. PACHYPHTLLUM, EeicJih. f. in Gard. CTiron. 1880, ii. 230; leaves short most fleshy obtusely unequally 2-lobed, raceme short few-fld., sepals and rather shorter petals oblong-ligulate obtusely acute crimson-lake, side lobes of lip subtrian- gular short, midlobe purple triangular minute, spur white cylindric obtuse inflated longer than the pedicelled ovary, column white. — Burma {Sort. Feitch.).
M. EIGIDUM, Sam. ex. Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxxix. No. 12, is undeterminable.
59. RENANTKERA, Lour.
Epiphytes ; stem elongate, branched, leafy ; pseudobulbs 0. Leaver rigid, 2-lobed. Flowers large or medium sized, in lateral spreading panicles. Sepals narrow, widely spreading, dorsal erect, lateral deflexed or placed under the lip, oblanceolate or spathulate, at first parallel or connate. Petals narrow. Lip very small sessile, jointed on the base of the column, saccate, side lobes erect. Column short, truncate, foot 0 ; pollinia large, 2-grooved or 2-partite, strap short, gland transverse. — Species 6, Indian, Chinese and Malayan.
1. R. coccinea, Lour. Fl. Cochin Ch. ii. 637 ; flowers 2-2| in. diam., lateral sepals free, much larger than the dorsal, midlobe of lip ovate- lanceolate recurved. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 217 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1131 ; Bat. Mag. t. 2997-8 ; Faxt. Mag. t. 49; Beichh. Fl. Exot. t. 114 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 876.
Tenasserim ; at the Moscos Isds., opposite Tavoy, ParisTi.— Distrib. Cochin China.
Stem 1-3 ft., stout. Leaves 2-4 in., distant, oblong or shortly lorate. Peduncle 2-3 ft., erect ; branches long, divaricate, lax-fld. ; bracts very small, broad ; lateral sepals scarlet, dorsal and petals linear, orange -red, spotted ; lip yellow, tip of small spur and midlobe scarlet ; strap of pollinia linear acute.
2. R. elong-ata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 218 ; flowers f in. diam., sepals subequal lateral free, midlobe of lip tongue-shaped revolute with 2
Renanthera.'] cXLViii. ORCfiiDE)^. (J. D. Hooker.) 49
basal calli. ReicTih. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 88 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 876. E,. matutina, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 41 {not of Gen. Sc 8p.) ; Prescatorea, i, t. 11. E. micrantha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 60 ; Reichh. f. I. c. i. 87. Sacco- labium reflexum, Litidl. in Wall. Cat. 7309 ; Gen & Sp. Orchid. 225.
SiNGAPOKE, Wallich. Peeak, Scortechini, &c. MALACCA, Griffith (Kew JDistrib. 5242), Mahigay {K. d. 1644) — DiSTEiB. Malay Islands.
Habit and foliage of U. coccinea, but much more slender, bracts ovate reflexed, flowers much smaller aud more numerous, orange yellow with i*ed spots. Lip with the side lobes short, broad, margins revolute ; spur large, cylindric, obtuse, some- what recurved; strap of poUinia linear acuminate, gland small. Capsule 1 in., fusiform, angles acute. — King's collector describes the flowers as dark-red.
3. R. ang'ustifolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; flowers 1^ in. diam., lateral sepals lanceolate abruptly clawed, at first connate, midlobe of lip minute acute recurved.
Pebak ; on Gunong Bata Patch, Wray.
Stem as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 4-5 by a-f in,, linear, recurved. Scape long, sparingly branched; pedicel with ovary 1-1^ in.; lateral sepals inserted by a point, and narrower dorsal acuminate ; side lobes of lip very small, rounded ; spur conico-cylindric j top of column hispid ; polleu large, oblong, strap broad, gland large.
SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.
R. HI8TRI0NICA, ReicJib.f. in Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 74; low, leaves lanceolate acuminate, raceme laxly few-fld., sepals and petals cuneately ligulate obtusely acute, lip 3-fid, side lobes triangular, midlobe ligulate acute with two incumbent trian- gular or quadiate lamellae at its base, spur short conic. — Singapore ? or Malacca ?, Sort. Bay. Flowers yellow purple spotted and margined, lip white, side lobes spotted with purple, spur orange, column yellow and purple.— The first species with acuminate leaves. — Description from Reichb. 1. c.
60. VANDA, Br.
Epiphytes ; stem leafy. Leaves very coriaceous or fleshy, flat keeled or terete, i^/oiwer* usually large, highly coloured, in simple lax or dense ra- cemes. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading or incurved, bases narrowed. Lip large, base usually saccate or spurred, side lobes large or sniall(rarely 0), placed on the sides of the sac or spur; midlobe various, fleshy, disk usually ridged or lamellate. Column short, stout j foot not or very shortly produced ; anther 2-celled ; rostellum obscure ; poUinia 2, didy- mous, subglobose or obovoid, strap broad short or long geniculate, gland rather large (slender in § Anotis and gland small). — iSpecies about 20, tropical Asiatic and Australian.
Sect. I. EuvANDA. Sepals and. petals widely spreading (not incurved). Lip with erect side lobes. Strap of poUinia flat, geniculate, gland large.
* Leaves terete. Scape few-fld. See also JErides cylindricum.
1. V. teres, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7324; Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 217; Fol. Orchid. 7; in Bot. Reg. t. 1809; midlobe of lip 2-fid., lobes hatchet- shaped, sac long conical. Bot. Mag. t. 4114 ; Paxt. Mag. v. t. 193; Griff. Notul. iii. 352 ; Warn. Sel. Orchid. Ser. iii, t. 2 ; Reichenhachia, i. t. 27 Rev. Hortic. 1856, t. 22. Dendrobium teres, Boxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 485.
Lower Bengal ; at Seeb Sagur, Clarke. Assam, Silhet, the Khasia Hills Chittagong and Upper Burma, Roxburgh, Wallich, &c.
Stem many i'eet long, branched, and leaves as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 6-8 in. JPedunele 6-12 in. ; bracts short, ovate ; flowers 3-6, 4 in. diam., white or VOL. VI. \ E
:\
60 cxLviii. ORCHiDE^. (J. D. Hookei.) [Vanda.
rose-cold. ; sepals and petals undulate ; lip hairy towards the base ; side lobes broad, incurved, yellow within, crimson spotted ; midlobemuch larger, flabellately reniform ' purple or rose-cold., sac 1 in. long j column hairy in front. Capsule lin., clavate.'
2. V. Kookeriana, Beichb. f. in Bonpland. 1856, 324 ; in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 488 ; midlobe of lip very large reniformly flabellate 3-lobed, sac very short. III. Sortie. 1883, t. 484 ; Orchidoph. 1886, t. 158 ; Reichenbachia, ii. t. 74. Warner Orchid.: Alb. t. 73, 1882.
Pebak, Scortechini ; in swamps, Wray. Singapoee, 'Ridley (in liti.).
Habit of V. teres, but leaves shorter, 2-3 in. ; scape longer ; flowers 3-5, 2 in. diam. ; lateral sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, cream-cold ; petals broader, lilac or carnation; lip towards the base and column hairy; side lobes purple; midlobe as large as the rest of the flowers, white or lilac, base 2-glandular ; sac conical, obtuse. Capsule 4 in.
** Leaves flat or chanelled and keeled. Scape usually many-fid.
t Flowers ^1^ in. diam. (See also V. Bensoni.)
3. V. parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxx. Misc. 45 ; peduncle and raceme strict erect, flowers \-% in. diam., sepals oblong and spatkulate petals yellow, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cuneate-obovate with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy blue ridges, spur slender conical half as long as the lip. Wight Ic. t, 1669; Reichb.f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, 166. prides Wightianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7320 ; Gen. S( Sp. Orchid. 238; in Jour n. Linn. Soc. iii. 40 ; Bof. Mag. t. 5138; Wight Ic. V. p. 8 ; Lalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 266.
Western Himalaya ; Kumaon, Atakmunda river, alt. 3-4000 ft., Bdgeworth. Nepal, Wallich. Assam, Mann. Burma, Berkely. Western Peninsula ; from the Concan to Travancore. Cexlon, Walker, &c.
Stem 4-6 in. Leaves 4-8 by \-\ in., unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Peduncle and rachis stout ; pedicel with ovary 1-1| in. ; side lobes of lip small, ovate. Capsule 1-li in., long pedicelled, clavate.
Var. testacea ; sepals and petals brown. V. testacea, Beichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, 166. iErides testaceum, Lindl. Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 238 ; Baxt. Fl. Gard. ii. t. 142; Walp. Ann. \. 897.— Ceylon.
Var. albijtora ; sepals and petals white, lip white, ridges speckled with red, spur broader obtuse. — Moulmein {Ic. Parish).
4. V. coerulescens, Griff. Notul. iii. 352 ; Ic. Riant. Asiat. t. 331 ; raceme drooping, flowers 1-li in. diam., sepals obovate and spathulate, petals pale blue, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cuneate-obovate with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy dark blue ridges, spur slender conical half as long as the lip. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 9 ; Walp. ^W72. vi. 868; Bot. Mag. t. 5834 and 6328; Warner Orchid. Alb. \.. ^; Floral Mag. N. 8. i. 256; Orchidoph. 1863, t. 637; Reichb.f. in Gard. Chron. 18^, 498 ; IbT^i). 529, f. 97.
UPPER Burma, Griffith.' .Pegu; on hills near Prome, alt. 1500 ft., Benson.
Stem 6 in. Leaves 6-10 by ^ in., much broader in cultivation, acutely 2-fid or 3.fid. PedztwcZe with racemes 1 ft. or less ; pedicel with ovary 1-1| in.; flowers variable in colour, from blue to neari>^ white (vnrs. Boxallii, E. f . and Louriana, R. f .) ; spur and column blue.
5. V. spathulata, Spreng. ^yst. Veg. iii. 719; leaves short, peduncle very tall, raceme terminal few^fld., flowers 1:^ in. diam. golden yellow, sepals and petals spathulately oblong flat, lip clawed as long as the sepals, side lobes very small, midlobf; suborbicular. Lindl. Gen. (Sf Sp. Orchid. 216 J Fol. Orchid. 9 ; Wight Ic. t. 915 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 869. Epidendrum
Vanda.'] cxlviii. orchidej;. (J. D. Hooker.) 51
spathulatum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1348. Limodorum spathulatum, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. 125. JSrides maculatum, Smith in Mees Cyclop. Suppl.—Bheede Hort. Mai. xii. t. 3.
Western Peninsula ; from Malabar to Travancore and Ceylon.
Stem 2 ft. Leaves 2-4 by -^-1^ in., sbortly obtusely 2-lobed. Peduncle 12-18 in., robust, few-fld. aad at the tip only; bracts large, ovate, acute; pedicel and ovary 1-1^ in. ; side lobes of lip broadly obovate, midlobe obscurely 3-fid ; spur conical. Capsule 1^-2^ in., clavately fusiform.
ft Floimrfi 2 in. diam. and upwards (smaller in F. Bensoni).
6. V. coerulea, Griff, ex Lindl. in Lot. Beg. 1847, under t. 30 ; Fol. Orchid. 'd; peduncle elongate many-fld., flowers 3-4 in. diam. pale blue, lateral sepals obovate, petals clawed broadly obovate, lip much shorter than the sepals dark blue linear-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe with 2 thickened ridges ending in a bigibbous tip. Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 36 ; Jard. Fleurist. t. 102 : FL des Serres. t. 609 ; Eeichb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 8, t. 5 ; Pescatorea, i. t. 29 ; III. Hort. vii. t. 246 ; Warner Sel. Orchid, t. 18 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 34 ; lieichenbachia, ii. 19, t. 57 ; Lindenia, iv. t. 160 V. coerulescens, Journ. Hort. Soc. vi.. Proa. vii. wiUi fig. Yanda, Griff' Bin. Note.^, 88, No. 1284. /I a^c^^/^u jyucf ^ i-i-U-< I'^Jf
Khasia and Jyntea Mts., on oaks, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Stem 3-6 in., very stout. Leaves 3-10 by |-1 in,, keeled, 2-lobed or tip obliquely truncate and toothed. Peduncle with lax-fid. 6-20-fld. raceme 1-2 ft., perianth segments somewhat waved and obscurely tessellate ; lip not one-third the length of the sepals ; spur conical obtuse. Capsule 3 in., fusiform, long pedicelled.
7. V. Denisoniana, Benson ^ Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 528 ; 1885, 105, f. 21 ; peduncle very short, flowers 2 in. diam., white, sepals and petals waved and twisted, lateral sepals largest broadly obovate falcate deflexed, petals clawed spathulate, lip longer than the sepals, side lobes large subquadrate, midlobe panduriform with two orbicular diverging and recurved terminal lobes. Bot. Mag. t. 5811 ; III. Hort. N. S. t. 105 ; Lindenia, t. 21 ; Warner Orchid. Alh. t. 248.
Tenassekim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Aeracan, Benson.
Stem short. Leaves 6-10 in,, deeply unequally 2-lobed. Peduncle stout, with the raceme 6-10 in.; pedicels with ovary 2 in. ; midlobe of lip with rounded sides, and a very acute termimd sinus; disk with 5 thick obtuse ridges; side lobes con- cave, with oi-ange streaks ; spur short, villous within. Capsule 3-5 in., clavately fusiform.
8. y. Bensoni, Batem.in Bot. Mag. t. 5611; leaves narrow, peduncle tall inclined many-fld., flowers 1^-2 in. diam., sepals and petals dull yellow- green spotted with red-brown, lateral sepals broadly obovate, petals spathu- lately obovate, lip nearly as long as the sepals bine, side lobes triangular- ovate, much smaller than the j^anduriform midlobe which has 2 broad recurved terminal lobes. Beichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 138 ; Gard. Chron. 1867, 180 ; Flore des Serres, t. 2329.
Pegu ; near Rangoon, Benson. Tenassekim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stem short. Leaves 4-6 in. obliquely truncate and toothed. Peduncle with the raceme 18 in.j midlobe of lip with 3 obtuse ridges; spur conical obtuse. — Very near V. Denisonia.na, but flowers much smaller, quite different in colour, not so waved, midlobe of lip more contracted, the terminal lobes uncinate. — A form with brown flowers figured by Parish and called tristis may be this or V. brunnea (see end of genus) .
9. V. Parisliii, Veitch Sf Beichb. in Gard. Chron. 1867, 180, with fig. ;
E 2
55 6JtLviii. dRcttiDH^. (J. B. Hooker.) [Vandd.
leaves broad obtusely 2-lobed, peduncle short stout erect, bracts large, flowers 2 in. diam., fleshy spotted inauve-brown or purple, lateral sepals broadly ovate-obloog and orbicular petals apiculate, lip half as long as the sepals, side lobes rounded, midlobe small cuneately flabelliform. Eeichh, /. Xen. Orchid, ii. 138; in Gard. Chron. 1870,890; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 15, and 61 (var.).
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stem very short, stout. Leaves few, 8-10 by 2-3 in. Peduncle very short ; raceme 6-8 in., drooping, 6-8-fld. ; bracts acuminate ; flowers variable in colour. The short stems and broad flat leaves are not those of Fanda proper, and more resemble Stauropsis or Arachnanthe. In var. Marriottiana, Keichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880, 743 ; 1881, 726, the sepals and petals are mauve, the side lobes of the lip white with mauve stripes and 2 yellow blotches below the column, and the mid- lobe is carmine. In \v^v. purpurea^, 1^. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1883, 307, the sepals and petals are mauve -purple with white bases, and the lip bright mauve.
10. V. bicolor, Griff. JVotul. iii. 354; It. Notes, 132, No. 546; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 330 ; leaves praemorse, peduncle short erect 4-6-fld., flowers 2 in. diam. brownish-purple obscurely tessellate, waved, lateral sepals^obovate deflexcd, dDrsal small, lip nearly as long as the sepals, pi^rple side lobes large orbicular, midlobe small panduriform, tip contracted 2-lobed. Lindl. FoL Orchid. 6 ; Walp. Ami. vi. 867 ; Heichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1875, 620.
Eastern Tropical Himalaya ; Sikkim {Ic. in Serb. Calcutt.) ; Bhotan, alt. 2000 ft. Griffith. Assam: {Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.).
Stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 6-10 in., sometimes unequally rather obtusely 2-lobed. Scape very stout ; bracts ovate, acute ; dorsal sepal much the smallest, dilated in the middle ; petals clawed, spathulate ; side lobes of lip margined with yellow. Capsule almost a span long. — Near V. Hoxburghii, but at once distinguishable by the large orbicular side lobes of the lip. A little-known species.
11. V. Xlozburgrhii, Br. in Bot. Beg. t. 506; leaves prsemorse, raceme suberect, flowers l|-2 in. diam. tesselated with brown, sepals and petals subequal clawed obovate waved, lip nearly as long as the sepals, side lobes small acute, midlobe panduriform violet tip dilated truncate 2-lobed. Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 215 ; Fol. Orchid. 3 ; Wight Ic. t. 916 ; JFl. des Serres, ii. t. 11 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 42, f. 2 ; Reichb. Ft. Fxot. 1. 121 ; III. Hart, t 185 (var.). V. tesselloides, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 864. Cymbidium tesselloides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 463. C. tessellatum, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 75 ; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 102 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. c. C. Alagnata, Herb. Mam. Epidendrum tessellatum. Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 34, t. 42. brides tessellatum, Wight in Wall. Cat. 7318 ; Lindl. Ge7i. Sf Sp. Orchid. 240. — Yanda, Jones in Asiat. Res. iv. 302.
Bengal, Behak and westwards to Guzerat and the Concan, and southwards to Tbavancose, Tenasserim and Ceylon.
Stem 1-2 ft., climbing. Leaves 6-8 in., narrow, complicate. Peduncle 6-8 in., 6-10- fld. ; sepals and petals yellowish -green or blueish except from the clat||i-ate- browu nerves, margins white ; lip half as long as the sepals or more, di&k of midlobe convex with fleshy ridges and white margins and mesial lines ; spur conical. — Reichenbach in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. 9, describes a var. Wightiana, with purple lip, the side lobes with more or less developed anterior teeth. The colouring in the 11. des Serres, ii. t. 11, is unlike that of any form known to me. Roxburgh distin- guishes his C. tessellatum from his C. tesselloides, by the former having the lip with the sides incurved into a tube, and the blade tapering entire acute; whilst in the latter the lip is channelled above, concave underneath, and the tip of 2 obtuse lobes. The latter (the typical V. Roxhurghii) is the only form known to Indian
Vanda.'] cxlviii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 53
botanists, and I suspect that the form of the lip of C. tessellatum is due to withering. Var. unicolor, Bot. Mag. t. 3416 is I suspect the Chinese V. concolor, Blume.
Sect. II. Anota, Lwdl. Raceme dense-fld. Sepals and petals widely spreading. Li/p without side lobes. Strap of pollinia long, slender, straight.
The two species of this section (the following and F. violacea) have been re- ferred to Saccolabiuni, Vanda, and one of them to Rhynchostylis. In whichever genus placed they are aberrant j the ridged lip is quite that of Vanda ; but the lip and strap of the pollinia is as in Rhynchostylis ; and the spur is hardly that of Vanda, but rather of Saccolahium.
12. V. densiflora, Liyidl. in Paxt. Ft. Card, under t. 42 ; Fol. Orchid. 2 ; leaves truncately excised, lip cuneate tip shortly obtusely 3-lobed, base with 2 pubescent ridges descending into the spur. Fl. des Sevres, t. 1765; Reichh.f.in Gard. Chron. 1SQQ,1\^4!. Saccolabium giganteum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7306 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 221 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5635. Reichenbachic t. 22 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 8 ; Lindernia, f. 683 ; Orchidovl. 1888, t. 163.
Pegu ; at Prorae, Wallich. Rangoon, Benson.
Stem short, as thick as a child's wrist ; roots ^-| in. diana. Leaves imbricating at the base, 6-12 by ]|-2 in., very thick, channelled, lobes acute. Peduncle very short, stout; raceme 8-14 in., c}lindric. very dense-fld.; flowers l-\\ in. diam., white with a few purple spots at the base of the petals; lip fleshy, white with bright purple shining terminal lobes ; spur short, inflated, pointing backwards.
Sect, III. Cristate. Racemes shortly peduncled, few-fid. ; pedicels decurved. Sepals and petals incurved. Strap of pollinia very short, gland large. — Inflorescence and flowers of Luisia, but habit and foliage of Vanda.
13. V. cristata, Zindl. in Wall. Cat. 7328 ; Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 216 ; Sej^t. Orchid. Frontisp. f. 10 ; in Bot. Reg. 1842, t. 48 ; Fol. Orchid. 10 ; sepals and petals narrow yellow or green, side lobes of lip erect triangular, midlobe subpanduriform golden striped with purple, tip with 2 divaricate spindle-shaped lobes and an intermediate depressed one, spur conical. Bot. Mag. t. 4304 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 290 ; Gartenfl. t. 680 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 869. Y. striata, Reichb. f Xen. Orchid, ii. 137, t. 150. brides cristatum, Wall. mss. brides sp. Griff. Bin. Notes, 203, No. 1188.
Tropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon to Bhotan, Wallich, &c. Silhet, J. B. U. ^ T. T.
Stem 3-6 in., very stout. Leaves 3-5 in., rigidly coriaceous, recurved, keeled, truncately 3-toothed. Raceme equalling or shorter than the leaves ; bracts very short, broad ; pedicels with ovary long, stout ; flowers 1^-2 in. diam. ; side lobes of lip acute truncate or toothed, midlobe as long as the sepals ; spur short, obtuse. Capsule 2-2^ in., narrowly clavate.
14. V. alpina, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 10 ; sepals and petals narrow yellowish, side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe concave ovate obtuse or re- tuse pale yello.v streaked with purple, spur 0. V. Griffithii, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 22, and Fol. Orchid. 10 {excl. cilat. Griffith). Luisia alpina, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1858, Misc. 56.
Subtropical Himalaya, alt. 3500-5000 ft., from Garwhal, Thomson, to Bhotan. Khasia Hills, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. B. 8r T. T.
Habit of F. cristata, but smaller, leaves rather shorter, racemes always much shorter than the leaves, flowers only 1 in. diam., lip very different. Capsule not seen. — Lindley's citation of Griffith's Itin. Notes, No. 526, from his V. Griffithii, is (as he states in Fol. Orchid.) an error. But he again errs in referring this same plant to Vanda hicolor. It is his V. undulata {Stauropsis undulatus, p. 27).
15. V. pumila, Book. f. ; sepals and petals narrow pale yellowish
54: , cxLViii. ORCHiDBJS. (J. D. llooker.) [Vmida.
or white, side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe broadly ovate concave obtuse pale streaked with purple, spur conical as long as the midlobe. V. cristata, var. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 10.
SiKKiM and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft. {Ic. Cathcart Sc in Herb.. Calcutt.).
A smaller species than either cristata or alpina, with the lip of the latter, but furnished with a long conical spur. In the Cathcart drawings the leaves are 5-6 in. and sepals and petals white; in that of the Calcutta Herb, the leaves are only 3 in. long, and the sepals and petals are yellow. The latter is ticketed as from Mongpo, in Sikkim.
SPECIES LNKNOWN TO ME.
V. BRUNNEA, EeicTih. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 139 ; leaves long narrowly ligulate emarginate, flowers as large as in Y. concolor (of Chini) olive within, sepals and petals cuneately oblong obtusely acute, lip and column pale yellowish white, side lobes serai- rotund, midlobe ligulate 2-lobed retuse, spur acutely conical. — Moulmein, Parish. — ■ Thei'e is a drawing at Kew, by Parish, of what may be this species named V. tristis. Par. mss., the perianth is brown on both surfaces, the lip and column pale brown. (See V. Farishii, p. 51.)
V. Stangeana, Beichh. f. in Bot. Zeit. xvi. (1858.) 351 ; allied to V. fusco- viridis, Lindl. (of Java), auricles of the lip semiovate divergent, blade gradually narrowed from a broad semicordate base, lip slightly 2-lobed, a pair of small calli before the mouth of the spur, dorsal sepal cuneate-ovate about equalling the petals, lateral sepals larger. — Sepals and petals golden green tesselated with beautiful ches- nut brown ; lip and column white ; lip pale violet in front, with a streak of red dots on each side of the spur, and a furrow under the column between the auricles. — Assam (Sort. Schiller).
V. ViPANi, Reichh.f. in Oard. Chron. 1882, ii. 134, 29 ; leaves very narrowly linear decuvved deeply unequally 2-toothed, raceme few-fld., sepals and rather smaller petals cuneate-oblong obtuse undulate gradually narrowed to the base pale olive-green or ochreous barred with short brown-purple lines, lip panduriform, side lobes semi- ovate golden yellow, midlobe olive-green 2- callous at the base, spur conical glabrous within. — Burma, Vipan.
V. WiGHTii, Beichh. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 932 ; allied to 7. Stangeana, Reichb. f., leaves more than a foot long narrowly ligulate unequally acutely 2-lobed, scape few andlax-fld., side lobes of lip subquadrate, midlobe broadly ovate, lip contracted ligulate obtusely 2-lobed, disk with 2 thick ridges, pilose at the base of the ridges and side lobes, spur conical, column slender for the genus. — Nilghiris, Wight.
61. SACCOIiABZUM, Blum. 62. ScHiENORCHis, Bl. 63 Uncifera, Lindl. 64 Acampe, Lindl.
Epiphytes ; pseudobulbs 0. Leaves flat keeled or terete. Peduncles lateral ; flowers usually small spicate racemed panicled or subcorjmbose. Sepals aud ^eifaZ* adnata to the base of the column, spreading, subsimilar, free. Lip sessile at the base of the column usually consisting of, a large saccate or conic cylindric spur, small lateral lobes and a small midlobe ; sac or spur not septate within and without a large scale or callus within under the column (except S. longi folium). Column short, broad, truncate, rarely beaked, foot 0; anther 1- or imperfectly 2-celled; poUinia 2, entire or 2-partite. — Species about 40, Eastern Asiatic.
Of the genera enumerated above, Schcenorchis is not British Indian, a i'act which I overlooked when drawing out the key to the genera, though it is noted in Gen. Plant. Uncifera I refer to Saccolabium ; its character of the incurved spur is insuf- ficient; end that of the poUinia stipitate on the strap, or rather on the geniculate apex of the strap, though curious, is, considering how variable this organ is in the genus and its allies, not a dependable one for generic purposes. For Acampe I can find no characters whatever, and it is difficult to retain it as a section ; its lip is that of sect. Calceolaria, as is the subcorjmbose or umbellate inflorescence of most of the species.
Saccolabium,] cxlviii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 65
The following sections are, I think, natural, but are not clearly definable by words.
Sect. I. MiCEANTH-E. Leaves flat terete or channelled. Mowers small, often minute, in simple or pauicled racemes or spikes. Lip various j spur long or short. (See also Sect. vi. Uncifera). (Sp. 1-19). '
Sect. II. Calceola-EIA. Leaves lorate, flat, flaccid; Flowers subcorymbose on.~ a short stout peduncle ; bracts short, broad rounded. Lip a large hemispheric sac, with truncate or short side lobes and a short triangular or reniform adnate erose or fimbriate midlobe which is warted or echinate on the disk. Column very short; strap of globose polliiiia linear. (Sp. 20-27).
Sect. III. AcAMPE. Stem usually long and very stout. Leaves keeled, thickly coriaceous. Flowers corymbose as in § Calceolaria, rarely in large spreading panicles. Lip as in § Calceolaria, but with a thicker warted reniform or ovate midlobe (spur cylindric in S. ochraceum). Column very short; strap of globose pollinia linear. (ACAMPE, Lindl.) (Sp. 28-34).
Sect. IV. Platykhizon. Stem 0, or vei'y short ; roots very long, flattened. Leaves lorate, flaccid. Flowers racemed. Lip very small, spur saccate or conical, midlobe small reniform. Column very short ; strap of globose pollinia linear, gland large. (MiCEOPEEA, Balz.) (Sp. 35-36).
Sect. V. DiSTicHOPHYLL^. Stem tufted very slender pendulous, leafy through- out. Leaves uniform, distichous, lanceolate. Flower small, in very short racemes. Lip small, spur saccate. Column very short, strap of pollinia slender, gland sagittate. (Sp. 37-38).
Sect. VI. Specios^. Stem very stout as are the long roots. Leaves linear rigid, keeled, often recurved. Flowers highly coloured, in dense racemes. Lip with a linguiform midlobe, small side lobes and a long cylindric spur. Column short or rather long; strap of globose pollinia slender. — Habit of brides sect. II. ; but there is no foot to the column. (Sp. 39-41).
Sect. VII. Uncifebj;. S^em very short, ieaves distichous, coriaceous. Flowers in dense racemes. Lip with a large funnel-shaped incurved spur much longer than the sepals. Column decurved, rostellura elongate ; anther long-beaked ; pollinia globose, seated near the geniculately inflexed apex of a very long slender strap with recurved margins; gland large, linear, or sagittate. Uncifeea, Lindl. (Sp. 42, 43.)
Sect. I. MicRANTH^. (See p. 54.)
* Stems elongate pendulous ; leaves terete, filiform, or semiterete.
1. S* grexninatum, Lindl. in Bat. Beg. 1838 Misc. 50; leaves strongly curved terete channelled 3-toothed, racemes slender panicled, sepals ovate- oblong 1-nerved about equalling the conic obtuse spur, petals smaller obo- vate 1-nerved, midlobe of lip cymbiform obtuse. Walp. Ann. vi. 885.
Easteen Himalaya, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Bhotan Griffith; Sikkim J. B. H. Khasia and Jyntea Hills, alt. 2-4000 ft., common.
Stem 6-12 in,, curved, rooting at the base. Leaves 2-4 in,, fleshy, \-\ in. diam. Panicles longer than the leaves, branches spreading ; bracts small, acute, flowers a in. long ; sepals white, or purple with white tips; petals purple; lip variable, blade fleshy, sometimes laterally compressed, side lobes very small ; column very short, anther ovate, strap of pollinia short, broad, gland very large. Capsule subsessile i-i in. long, oblong, curved.
2. Si niveuxn, Lindl. Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 224 ; stem short, leaves recurved semiterete channelled notched, racemes slender panicled, sepals ovate-oblong 1-nerved about equalling the ovoid obtuse spur, petals cuneately oblong truncate 1-nerved, midlobe of lip spathulate fleshy concave. Thwaites JEnum. 304.
Ceylon ; in the Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites, Stem stout ; 1-4 in., curved. Leaves 2-4 in., fleshy, A-i in. diam. Panicles longer than the leaves, branches spreading ; bracts minute, acute ; flower -^ in. long,
5l6 cxLviii. ORCHiDE^. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Saccolahiwn
white ; tips of lateral sepals fleshy at the back ; lip with minute rounded side lobes ; column very short ; anther hemispheric ; strap of pollinia very short, gland very large. Capsule -i in., oblong. — Gardner (n. 872) has a form with much broader leaves, i in. diam. and stouter scapes.
8. S> filiforme, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36; stem slender, leaves slender terete acuminate, racemes short stout simple, sepals linear, petals orbicular, shorter than the cylindric obtuse recurved spur, limb of lip ovate acute deflexed, side lobes larg^e rounded. Wal^^. Ann. vi. 887. Sarcanthus filiformis & roseus. Wight Ic. t. 1684 {excl. capsule) 1685. Scha3norchis juncifolia, T/nvaifes Enum. 304 {not ofBlume.).
Malabar and Teavancobe ; on the Nilghiri hills, at Neddawuttura and Pycara, Wight I Pulney and Anamallay hill, Cotton, &c. Ceylon ; Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., Walker, &c.
Stem 6-10 in. ; internodes i-2 in. Leaves 2-6 in., as thick as a sparrow quill or more slender. Racemes 1^-2 in., stout, subsesile, often deflexed ; bracts lanceolate ; flowers \ in. long, red, or orange streaked with crimson ; sepals 1-nerved, petals with 3 nerves rugose on the back ; spur of lip inflated ; anther hemispheric j strap of globose pollinia short, dilated upwards, gland very large. Capsule \ in., pyriform, pedicelled. — Flowers rose coloured in Wight's plant, orange with red stripes in the Ceylon plants.
4. S. perpusillum, Hooh. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; stem short curved, leaves terete recurved acute, racemes erect stout flowering to the base, bracts subulate persistent, flowers minute pubescent, sepals ovate-oblong, petals obovate-oblong obtuse, lip oblong slightly concave, tip with a fleshy acute subcordate appendage, spur short cylindric obtuse incurved.
Singapore ; at Sungei Buloh, Ridley.
Stem 3-5 in., as thick as a sparrow's-quill, rigid. Leaves 1-1^ in., subsecund. Racemes |-| in. ; rachis stout ; flowers -J^ in. diam. ; pedicel very short ; sepals 1-nerved, lateral acuminate ; petals as long, obtuse, glabrous, 1-nerved ; lip as long as the sepals ; spur large ; fleshy appendage at the tip of the lip didymous on the upper face. — A remarkable little species, unlike any other.
5. S. ? inconspicuum, ITook. f. ; stem rather stout, leaves 2-3 in., nearly straight terete obtuse, flowers small shortly peduncled clusters, sepals and ^ petals broadly oblong acute, hypochile of lip hemispheric margins entire (side lobes 0), epichile broadly ovate retuse inserted on the margin of the hypochile. Cymbidium inconspicuum. Wall. mss.
LowEK Assam, JenTcins {Ic. in Herh. Calcutt.)
Stems 6-8 in. long, interlaced, flexuous, as thick as a duck's-quiil ; internodes \ in. Leaves rather more slender, slightly curved, but not falcate. Flowers \ in. diam., shortly pedicelled, pale green ; sepals and petals subequal, spreading and recurved ; lip about as long as the sepals ; hypochile green suff'used with purple, large for the size of the plant, margins everted, epichile as long as the hypochile, flat, smooth ; column short, very stout, purple, rostellum not beaked ; anther broader than long low, pollinia 2 globose, strap short, gland ovate. — The lip is like that of sect. Calceolaria. Described from the drawing in the Calcutta Herbarium.
** Stem short or long. Leaves flat or channelled.
t Spur of lip longer than the sepals. {See also 16, S. rostellatum.)
6. S. Puxnilio, Reichh. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 886 ; in Gard. Chron. 1875, ii. 98 ; stem very short, leaves falcately oblanceolate obtuse notched or 2-fid, racemes about equalling the leaves laxly many-fld., lateral sepals broadly ovate obtuse, petals oblanceolate obtuse, side lobe of lip very short rounded, midlobe large flat triangular 3-nerved smooth, spur much longer than the sepals slender incurved. S. discolor, lieichb.f. Ot. Hamh,
Saccolabium.] oxlviii. ORCHiDEiE. (J. D. Hooker.) 57
42. S. pusillum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 30 {not of Blume). CEceoclades pusilla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7332: Gen. ^ Sp. Orchid. 237.
SiLHET, Wallich.
Roots very many, slender, tortuous. Leaves 2-3 by ^ in., fleshy, thin when dry. iZacewjc* slender ; bracts ovate, mt-inbranous ; flowers i in. broad, pedicelled mem- branous; dorsal sepal obovate ; column rather long, beaked in front; anther .low ; strap of pyriform pollinia dilated above, gland small oblong. Capsule f in., shortly pedicelled, narrow, 6-ribbed. — The citation of " Herb. Wight " under Wall. Cat. 7332 B, is doubtless an error.
7. S. penanglanum, Hooh. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate acuminate with a lateral notch, raceme short very stout dense-fld. pubescent, sepals broadly ovate 1-nerved, not half the length of the conical angled abruptly incurved spur, petals oblong 1-nerved, limb of lip minute, disk fleshy terminal, side lobes rounded.
Penang ; on the Sonkey River, Curtis. Perak, Kunstler {Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.)
Stem flexuous, internodes \ in. Leaves 2J-3 by \ in. thick, nerve strong beneath. Bacemes l-\\ in., fruiting decurved ; bracts subulate; flowers i- in., pube- rulous, white edged with yellow and a little pink ; column short ; strap of globose pollinia elongate, spathulate, gland small. Capsules \ in. long, oblong, sessile, crowded, reflexed.
8. S. Helferi, Hoolc. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; stem short, leaves loriform tip contracted notched, panicles shorter than the leaves, sepals orbicular-ovate 1-nerved shorter than the saccate broad spur, petals oblong, blade of lip reniform, half embracing the spur quite entire, lateral lobes narrow erect.
Tenasserim, or Andaman Islands. Selfer (Kew Distrib. 5256). Moulmein, Parish ; Mergui, Griffith.
Stem 1-3 in. Leaves few, close set, 2^-3^ by -i— i in., sheaths short, black. PawicZe about equalling the leaves, slender; bracts minute, acute ; flowers ^Lin.j dorsal sepal much smaller than the lateral; blade of lip shorter than the spur; column very short ; anther short, broad ; pollinia globose, sessile on a large cuneate strap or gland.
9. S. gracile, Lindl. Gen. Sc Sp. Orchid. 225 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 35 ; stem short slender, leaves elongate linear-lanceolate acuminate, racemes slender many-fld. longer than the leaves, sepals oblong obtuse 1-nerved, much shorter than the straight tubular acuminate spur, petals narrower oblong 1-nerved, blade of lip very small ovate acute, side lobes 0. Thwaites Enum,. 304
C EYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft. Macrae, &c.
Stem 2-8 in., often zigzag, internodes \-\ in. Leaves 2J-4 by i in., straight or falcate, narrowed at base and tip, midrib obscure. Racemes A-Q in., erect; bracts minute, subulate; flower:^ in. long, white ; mouth of spur very oblique; column short ; anther short, broad, strap of globose pollinia very slender. Capsule globose, \ in. diam., pedicelled.
10. S. brevifolium, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 225, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 35 ; stem rather stout scandent, leaves short linear-oblong un- equally 2-lobed, racemes very short few-fld., sepals and petals subeqiial orbicular-ovate 1-nerved not half as long as the conico-cylindric straight obtuse spur, limb of lip very minute, side lobes 0. Thwaites Enum. 230. S. virescens, Gardn. mss.
Ceylon ; Central Province common, Macrae, &c. *
Stem 6-10 in., internodes f in. or less. Leaves l-\\ by \-\ in., fleshy, midrib obscure. Racemes 1 in., recurved j bracts very minute j flowers \ in. long, rose-
58 cxLviii. oRCHiDEiB. (J. D. Hooker.) [Saccolabium.
purple or greenish white ; spur as long as the pedicel ; column short ; anther yery broad, aplculate, strap of globose pollinia short, gland as long very large 2-fid. Benthamiin Gen. Plant, iii. 579 errs in referring (Ec. tenera to this ; it is my Cleisostoma tenerum.
11. S. roseum, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 225; stem very slender, leaves fleshy flat narrowly linear unequally notched, racemes very short simple, sepals ovate-oblong obtuse 1-nerved, petals as large rounded 1-nerved, spur of lip longer than the sepals cylindric obtuse, lip minute ovate acute, side lobes rounded. Tkwaites JSnum. 304, Sarcanthus Walkerianus, Wight Ic. t. 1686 (bad). S. Walkerianum Reichh.f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 887.
Ceylon ; Central Province, up to 5000 ft., common ; Macrae, ^c.
Stem curved, as thick as apigeon's-quill. Leaves 2-3 by \-^ in. Raceme\-\^ in., slender; bracts minute; flowers i in long, rosy in Ic. Walker, lilac in Ic. Thvvaites ; column short ; anther short broad, pollinia 2, strap short slender, gland large. Capsule ^--\ in., piriform, pedicelled.
12. S. flavum, Hooh. f. Ic. JPlant. ined. ; stem short very stout, leaves close set loriform deeply unequally acutely 2-cleft, raceme lax-fld., sepals oblong obtuse, lip small, infundibular spur much longer than the sepals with small toothed side lobes and truncate mouth.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stem 6 in., stout. Leaves 4-5 by f in., dark green with darker nerves, apiculate between the lobes ; sheaths ^ in., deeply grooved. Raceme from the base of the stem, with the slender scape 4 in. ; bracts small, recurved ; flowers j in. diam., pale yellow; column short, broad; rostellum large, 2-lobed, apparently fleshy. — A remark- able species with the pollinia approaching that of sect. Dncifera (and of Sarcanthus mirabilis, Eeichb.), but having no trace of a midlobe to the lip. Described from a beautiful drawing by Parish, who observes that there is no apparent septum in the spur. Reichenbach has (on the drawing) named it Saccolah. buccosum (see No. 14), alluding to the cheek-like rostellum, but it is not the plant he has described under that name [Gard. Chron. 1871, [9S8). It closely resembles Sarcanthus Parishii, but the flowers are yellow. There is no midlobe of the lip and no septum in the spur.
13. S. fragrans^ Par. & Eeichb. f. in Journ. JBot. xii. (1874) 197 ; dwarf, stem very short, leaves crowded oblong obtuse very thick, raceme shortly peduncled decurved many- and dense-fld., flowers rose-red, lateral sepals orbicular- oblong, petals Imear-oblong obtuse, lip large saccate, base sud- denly contracted into a decurved spur longer than the sepals and with an inflated tip, limb rhomboidly subspathulate fleshy acute toothed towards the tip. Eeichb. f. Otia. Hamburg. 41.
Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish.
Stem i in. Leaves 5-8 by 1 in., bases closely imbricate, deeply channelled. Raceme as long as the leaves ; flowers about J^j in. long, odour of violets ; lip twice as long as the sepals, with a callus at the insertion of the tumid straight blade ; column very short, sides acute ; anther with a recurved tip ; pollinia globose, sessile on the broad end of the short strap, gland lanceolate much longer than the strap. — • Described chiefly from a drawing by Parish.
ff Sjpur of lip shorter than [rarely equalling) the sepals.
14. S. buccosunij Beichb. f. in Gard. Ghron. 1871, 938 ; stem scan- dent, leaves linear-oblong obtusely 2-lobed, raceme simple or branched much longer than the leaves, sepals broadly ovate much longer than the bottle-shaped spur, lip large, side lobes spreading rounded, midlobe nar- rowly oblong. S. parvulura, Llndl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36 {in note). CEceoclades paniculata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7334 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 236. ('ymbidium Satyrium, Herb. Ham.
Saccolabium.'] oxlviil orchide^. (J. D. Hooker.) 59
Bhotan Himalaya, Lister. Assam ; at Goalpara, Hamilton. Stlhet, Wallich. Tenasserim, Parish,
Stem stout, rigid, iuternodes ^ in. Leaves 3-5 by ^-f in., fleshy, 5-n«rved. Raceme with long slender peduncle 5-6 in., laxly many-fld. ; bracts subulate ; flowers g- in. diam,, yellowish ; sepals 5-nerved ; petals much sm aller, cuneately obovate, 3-nerved ; lip yellow, mouth of spur a very narrow chink, neck contracted, base globose didymous; side lobes of elongate column broad, rounded, top recurved; anther long-pointed; strap of globose pollinia very slender arched, gland very minute.- — Column and lip so different from the genus that Eeicheubach 1. c. suggests its separation. Lindley's name o^ p arvulum is too misleading to be adopted.
15. S. xnicranthum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7300; Gen. ^ Sp. Ch-chid.
220 ; leaves lorate unequally obtusely 2-lobed, scape stout flowering to the base, racemes very many and dense-fld., sepals broadly ovate obtuse 3-nerved, petals oblong or lanceolate serrulate, spar of lip shorter than the sepals subtruncate, blade obovate-spathulate with 2 basal calli, lateral lobes broad obtuse. Saunders' Refug. Bot. t. 110.
Tropical Himalaya ; from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 2-3000 ft.. Falconer, Duthie; to Bhotan, Griffith. Assam, Silhet and the Naga Hills, Frain. Tenasserim, Griffith, Parish.
Stem 6-10 in., curved, as thick as a goose-quill or less. Leaves 3-5 by f-1 in., narrowed to the base. Raceme equalling the leaves ; bracts small, broad ; flowers about \ in. diam.; 3-nerved sepals and petals violet; lip rose-red; column very short ; anther very broad, acuminate globose ; pollinia strap very short broadly cordate, gland orbicular. Capsules \ in., subfusiform.
16. S- rostellatum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; stem very short, leaves 4-7 in. lorate flat unequally 2-fid, raceme much shorter than the leaves, bracts minute, sepals broadly ovate-oblong obtuse, lip infundidular narrowed below into a stout obtuse spur rather longer than the sepals, side lobes truncate, midlobe an incurved beak.
SiKKiM ; at Darjeeling, alt. 7000 ft., Gamble {in Kerb. Calcutt.).
Roots very many and long, tortuous, flat, appressed to the bark. Leaves ^-f in. diam., nearly straight. Peduncle with 8-10-fld. raceme 2 in., slender; flowers i in. long from the tip of the dorsal sepal to that of the spur ; petals oblong, obtuse, smaller than the sepals; column very short; rostellum subulate; pollinia large, globose, cleft.
17. S. minimiflorum, Sooh. f. Ic. Plant, ined.; stem very short, leaves elliptic- lanceolate narrowed at both ends acute, scape much longer than the leaves very slender very many-fld., bracts subulate equalling the very minute flowers, sepals and petals oblong obtuse, lip conico- sacciform, side lobes 0, midlobe an incurved beak with a globose tubercle at the mouth of the sac.
Perak, Scortechini.
Soots slender, tulted. Leaves 1^-2 in., black when dry, thinly coriaceous, reddish beneath. Scape with raceme 2-6 in., with a few subulate empty bracts below ; flowers greenish yellow mottled, about Jy in. long or broad ; lip larger than the rest of the perianth, its beak-like laterally compressed terminal lobe incurved over the mouth; column short; anther lotig-beaked. — A curious littlg plant. I have had difficulty in dissecting the few available flowers, and thereby confirming a description and rude drawing by Scortechini, who mentions " a something membra- nous whitish which I cannot make out whether it is a rostellum or stipes." This I presume to be a recurved elongate body which apjpears to be attached to the base of the column.
18. S. Jerdonianum, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 8b'6 ; leaves linear subacute, racemes simple or branched slender, sepals ovate l-nerved
60 cxLViii. ORCHiDEin. (J. D. Hookei.) [Saccolahium,
longer than the small saccate or subglobose spur, petals linear 1-nerved, blade of lip oblong concave subtruncate, side lobes small rounded. Taenio- phyllum Jerdonianum, Wight Ic. t. 1756.
Malabar ; on branches of trees, Jerdon.
Stem 1-3 in., tufted. Leaves 1-li by f in. Racemes much longer than the leaves ; bracts ovate, acuminate ; flowers -^\ in. long ; column short ; anther broad j pollinia with a short strap and large narrow gland. — Described chiefly from Wight.
19. S. lanatuxn, Sook. f. ; stem short, leaves linear-oblong broadly 2-lobed, peduncle very stout longer than the leaves, spikes dense-fld. tomentose or woolly, sepals ovate tips keeled, side lobes of lip triangular, midlobe ovate bicuspidate, spar short saccate traversed by a pubescent ridge from the base of the column to that of the midlobe, Cleisostoma lanatum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. 264 ; Walp. Ann. 889.
Tenasseeim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Scott.
Stem very stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in,, thickly coriaceous, keeled. Scape with long appressed sheaths, simple or branched ; spikes 4-7 in. ; bracts ^ in., large, ovate, acuminate, spreading or reflexed ; flowers ^ in. long; sepals dingy purple and green ; petals obovate, ciliate, yellow and purple ; side lobes of lip notched on the inner margin, ciliate; midlobe with a large pubescent gibbous compressed callus descending into the spur, mouth of spur contracted to a slit with a pubescent raised border ; column stout, recurved, tumid below, shortly beaked ; anther beaked ; pollinia globose, sulcate, strap long slender dilated and forked above, each arm spathulate and with the globose pollinia immersed in their concave tips, gland small oblong. — A remarkable plant, put by Lindley into Cleisostoma, but I do not find the great gland in the spur under the column.
.Sect. II. Calceolaeia. (See p. 54.)
The species of this section wants a thorough revision with much better material than is at my disposal.
20. S. calceolare, Lindl. in Wall. Gat. 7302 ; Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 223 ; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. 6 ; in Bat. Beg. 1883 ; Misc. 139 ; i7i Joiirn. Linn. Sac. iii. 33 {exc. syn.) ; leaves acutely unequally 2-lobed or -cleft, blade of lip reniform erose disk echinate all over. G-riff. Notul. iii. 356 ; Ltin. Notes 170, No. 869; Lc. Flant. Asiat. t. 334; iV alp. Ann. vi. S8S. Aerides calceolare. Smith in Bees Cyclop. Suppl. Ae. leopardorum. Wall, mss. Gastrochilas calceolaria, Don Prodr. 32. Sarcochilus nepalensis, Spr. Syst. Veg. iii. 721. Epidendrum calceolare, JIani. mss.
Teopical Himalaya ; from Garwhal to Bhotan, Assam, Silhet and the Khasia Hills. Tenasserim, Parish. Perak, Carter. — Distrib. ? Java.
A very common plant, and, if two species are not included, very variable. Stem very short. Leaves in Wallich's 7342 A from Nepal 6-12 by i-f in., strongly falcate. His B from Silhet (which is the common form elsewhere) is a much smaller plant, with nearly straight leaves 4-5 by J-f in. Peduncle i-li in. ; pedicels ;^-l in. ; flowers -|-| in. diam., yellow or greenish speckled barred or blotched with red brown ; lip white or yellow, speckled with red. Capsule in 7342 A 2 in. long ; in the ordfnary form |-1 in. — Griffith's Tab. 334 represents a plant with the leaves oi inter media and lip of calceolare, but it is impossible to determine satisfactorily his Saccolab. No. 2, 3 and 4 of Notul. iii. 356, 357, and his Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 333, 334.
21. S. nilagriricum, Hook. f. ; leaves narrow deeply unequally 2-lobed, sepals and petals each with two series of large bloteh.es, limb of lip fimbriately erose, disk smooth. Vanda pulchella, Wight Ic. t. 1671.
Nilghiri Hills ; on the banks of the Kaitairy river and at Quelin, WigM. Stem short. Leaves 5-10 by i-| in., flexuous, lobes very unequal, obtuse, often
^accotahmm.] cxT.viii. orohidE/E. (J. B. Hooker.) 61
divaricate, the longer sometimes 1 in. long. Flowers J in. diam. ; perianth strongly incurved. Capsule |-| in.— United with S. calceolare by Liudley (in Journ. Linn. Soc), but I think as different as any other of this section.
22._S. acutifolium, Lindl. Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid. 223; Sert. Orcliid. Frontisp. No. 2 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 33 ; stem elongate, leaves acute or acuminate, blade of lip erose, disk naked or very sparingly tubercled. Reichh. f. Otia Hamburg. 42 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 883. IS. denticulatum, Paxt. Mag. Bat. vii. t. 145 ; Reichb.f. I.e.; ? Bat. Mug. t. 4772. Aerides umbel- latum, Wall. mss.
SiKKiM HiMiLAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft. Khasia Mts., Gibson.
Usually a larger plant than the small states of S. calceolare, with longer stems (4-8 in.) and larger leaves, 4-6 by f-1^ in. broad, never 2-fld., but very variable. Perianth, whole-cold, and yellowish red, or more yellow or greenish and mottled with brown ; lip white, centre yellow often speckled with red. Capsule in Sikkim sp. 3 in. long. — Paxton's S. denticulatum has greenish yellow flowers speckled with brown, and the lip is described as erose. Lindley refers it to S. acutifolium. The lip of the Eot. Mag. plant, apparently derived from the same source, is not erose, but with a broad thick white fringe of long papillae.
23. S. interxnediuxn, Griff, mss. ex. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 33; stem rather long, leaves very narrow acuminate or 2-toothed, blade of lip fimbriate, disk smooth. Reichh. f. Otia Hamburg. 42. S. calceolare, Paxt. Mag. Bot. vi. 97. — Saccolab, Grijf. Notul. iii. 357 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 333.
Bhotan Himalaya, Griffith. Khasia Hills, alt. 3-5000 ft., Griffith, Gibson, J. D. H. ^ T. T.
Perhaps a small form of -S". acuiifolixhni, but the stem is more slender, the leaves narrower, and the flowers and capsules (| in.) much smaller.
24. S. bellinum, Reichh. f. in Gard. Chron. 1844, i. 174 ; 187, i. 145 ; stem rather long, leaves deeply unequally cleft, bracts and flowers large, blade of lip erose disk echinate and with cushions of eilia at the base. Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 156; Bot. Mag. t. 7142.
BcjRMA, Boxall.
This resembles a large state of 8. calceolare, the flowers are 1-lf in. diam., bright yellow with large purple blotches.
25. S. obllquum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat: 7304 ; Gen. 8f Sp. Orchid. 223 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 33 ; stem very short stout, leaves broad and long unequally broadly 2-fid, bracts and flowers lai-ge, blade of lip fimbriate, disk papillose with a large 2-lobed callus. Reichb. f. Otia Hamburg. 42. Vanda obliqua, Wall, mss.
Burma ; at Taingdong, Wallich. ? Khasia Hills, J. D. R. ^ T. T.
Leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in. ; flowers 1 in. diam. ; sepals and petals narrow, whole-cold., all (in Ic. Wallich) pale yellow, with the lip white speckled with yellow. The