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San Francisco, California 2006
THE INTERTYPE
STANDARDIZED INTERTYPE
WITH EQUIPMENT
E 3—4 S. M.
THE INTERTYPE
ITS FUNCTION, CARE, OPERATION AND ADJUSTMENT
Edited by
MACD. SINCLAIR
With the Collaboration of the
Engineering Staff of the
Intertype Corporation
Price $10.00
Brooklyn, N. Y.
INTERTYPE CORPORATION
1929
COPYRIGHT, 1929, BY
THE INTERTYPE CORPORATION
BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
Printed in U. S. A.
Foreword
While the Intertype is the simplest line-casting machine in the world, its mechanism is not without complications, and the average printer has need of an instruction book written in plain manner which will in- form him of the workings of the machine, the routine acts necessary to keep it in good running order and simple instructions for the attention to various parts needing occasional replacement or repair.
The Intertype Corporation, therefore, desiring to be of greatest possible service to all co-laborers in the field of the Graphic Arts, has brought out this book by MacD. Sinclair, whose long experience as a composing machine engineer and as a writer in the composing ma- chine field guarantees the high standard of the work. Mr. Sinclair has had the collaboration of the engineering staff of the Intertype Corporation throughout the prep- aration of the book.
This book contains information relative to the diffi- culties that may arise in the course of the day's work. All of these troubles are not, by any means, common to every machine, but through an operator's inexperience or neglect of the ordinary maintenance requirements, some of those mentioned may occur. The great majority of the troubles enumerated may never occur on an indi-
vidual machine, but it is deemed best to cover the list as far as possible because of the fact that Intertype machines are now in daily use in practically every coun- try throughout the world.
The subject matter contained herein has been writ- ten primarily for the mechanically unskilled operator and machinist. Those who have had some experience in the field may note herein many methods which will ap- pear so simple as to need no explanation. We strongly urge, however, careful consideration of these methods by experienced operators and machinists with a view towards improving maintenance practices. We feel that users of Intertype equipment will be benefited by a careful study of this book.
Painstaking watchfulness has been exercised by those collaborating in the production of this book. How- ever, we fully realize that in such a highly technical work as this, some unintentional errors may creep in. With a view to a later and even better edition at some future time, we shall be pleased to receive constructive criticism of the present effort.
INTERTYPE CORPORATION
Brooklyn, New York
Table of Contents
Chapter I Page
HOW THE INTERTYPE OPERATES 1
Chapter II THE ANATOMY OF AN INTERTYPE MATRIX 5
Chapter III
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 10
Mixer Keyboard and Escapement Mechanism — Twin Chan- nel Attachment — Single Spaceband Cam — Mixer Spaceband Cams — Rubber Rolls and Ferrule — Non-Response of Matrix — Doubles or Continuous Response — Transpositions — Key Rods and Frames.
Chapter IV
KEYBOARD MAINTENANCE 28
First Style Side Magazine Unit Keyboard — Power-Driven Side Magazine Unit Keyboard.
Chapter V
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS 31
Main Magazines — Split Magazines — Side Magazines — Hand- ling Magazines — Changing Magazines — Cleaning Magazines and Matrices.
Chapter VI
SPACEBANDS AND SPACEBAND BOX 41
The Box — Spaceband Box Troubles — Spaceband Box Re- moval— Lubricating First Style Releasing Pawl Spring— Spaceband Box Top Rails — Spaceband Box Chute — Polish- ing Spacebands.
Chapter VII
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES 48
New Style Assembler Entrance, A, B, C and D — E-s.m. As- sembler Entrance — Mixer Side Magazine Assembler En- trance.
VI TABLE OP CONTENTS
Chapter VIII
THE ASSEMBLER 56
Spring Chute Rail Assembler — Flanged-Pulley Assembler — The Positive Assembler — Star Wheel Tension — Star Wheel Removal — Proper Assembler Maintenance.
Chapter IX
THE ASSEMBLER SLIDE 63
New Style Assembler Slide — Assembler Slide Bell — Setting the Assembler.
Chapter X
THE ASSEMBLING ELEVATOR 70
Assembling Elevator Maintenance — Removing the Assem- bling Elevator — Forty-Two-Em Assembling Elevator.
Chapter XI THE DELIVERY SLIDE 75
Chapter XII
FIRST ELEVATOR AND VISE AUTOMATIC 83
The Vise Automatic — Downstroke Banking Adjustment — Auxiliary Lever Adjustment — First and New Style Gibs — Back Jaw Supports — Fitting Back Jaw and Separating Block — First Elevator Slide Filling Piece — First Elevator Align- ment Stop Bar — Pump Stop Pot Block — Causes of Interfer- ence with Complete Downstroke of First Elevator — Remov- ing a Front Squirt.
Chapter XIII
THE VISE 102
Opening the Vise to First Position — Opening Vise to Second Position — Justification of Matrix Line — Adjusting the Vise Jaws — Vise Jaw Closing Adjustment — Recasting Wedge — Effect of Neglected Spacebands — Thickness of Spacebands — Justification Springs — Vise Jaw Closing Spring Operating Lever.
TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
Chapter XIV THE MOLD SLIDE AND MOLDS 114
Recessed Mold Cap Ranges — Description of Casting Ranges Possible with Intertype Standardized Recessed Molds — Let- ter Symbols for Recessed Caps — Comparisons with the American Point System — Advertising Figure Mold Caps— Intertype Border Slides — Intertype Border Matrices — Mold Cooling Equipment — Returning Molds to the Disk — Daily Care of Molds — Polishing Molds — Warped Molds — Front Mold Wiper — The Back Mold Wiper — Cleaning Out a Back Squirt — Mold Disk Locking Studs and Stud Blocks — For- ward Thrust of the Mold Slide — Supporting Screw Adjust- ment— Mold Driving Shaft Friction Clamp — Mold Disk Guide — Mold Disk Scraper — Mold Disk Stud — Mold Cam Safety Lever.
Chapter XV THE METAL POT 145
The Pot Lever — Pot and Pump Cam Wipers — Cleaning the Plunger and Well — Forty-Two-Em Crucible — Quick-Drop Attachment — The Thermometer — Gas Burners — Cleaning the Gas Burners — Burner and Gas Governor — The Gas Gov- ernor— Mouthpiece and Mold Parallelism — Clogged Crucible Throat — Mouthpiece Removal and Replacement — Packing the Metal Pot — Some Causes of Back Squirts.
Chapter XVI
INTERTYPE ELECTRIC METAL POT 167
Control System — Mouthpiece Control — The First Style Ther- mostat— New Style Thermostat — First Style Control Relay — New Style Control Panel — Operation and Maintenance — New Style Direct Current Relay — New Style A. C. Relay- New Style A. C. and D. C. Rheostat — Electrical Terms — Troubles-Testing — Examining the Fuses — The Lamp in Series— Grounding— The Pot Will Not Heat Up— Simple Test for Open Units — Test for Grounds — The Fuses Blow- Fluctuating Voltage — Operation and Maintenance — Packing Pot and Crucible — To Remove Electric Pot — Cost of Opera- tion.
Chapter XVII
THE GASOLINE BURNER 200
Attaching Gravity Feed Burner— Gravity Feed Burner Hints — The Reliance Gasoline Burner.
VIH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter XVIII METAL 207
Chapter XIX
THE PUMP STOP 212
Pump Stop for Model X.
Chapter XX
THE EJECTOR 215
Removal of Universal Ejector — The Single Ejector.
*
Chapter XXI
SCREW-BEARING KNIFE BLOCK 221
First Style Knife Block — Setting the Side Knives — Some Notes About Knives — Lapping the Knives.
Chapter XXII
THE KNIFE WIPER 227
New Style Knife Wiper — Knife Wiper for 42-em Machine.
Chapter XXIII
THE SLUG GALLEY 232
Outside Slug Galley.
Chapter XXIV
•TRANSFER MECHANISM 235
The Transfer Channel — Care of the First Elevator Duplex Rail — Transfer Mechanism Safety Devices — Second Eleva- tor Cam Lever Adjustment — Mixer Machine Second Eleva- tor Lever — The 42-em Transfer Slide — Transfer Lever First Stroke — Transfer Lever Second Stroke Adjustment — Space- band Transfer Lever Turnbuckle — Setting the Second Ele- vator Transfer — The Distributor Shifter — Second Elevator to Distributor Box Bar Transfer.
Chapter XXV THE FONT DISTINGUISHER . . 256
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
Chapter XXVI
THE DISTRIBUTOR 258
The Distributor Box — The Third Transfer — Causes of Bent Matrices — Renewing Distributor Box Rails — Applying a New Lift Lever Cam — Mixer Distributor Box — Adjustments for the Mixer Distributor Box — Matrix Leveling Plate — Some Notes on the Mixer Distributor — The Distributor Con- veyor Screws — Adjustment of the Distributor Beam — Ad- justment of the Beam for Height — Timing the Distributor Screws — Replacing and Timing Distributor Screws — Level- ing the Distributor — Distributor Screw Guard — Keep the Distributor Screws Clean — Removing the Mixer Distributor Beam.
Chapter XXVII
THE CHANNEL ENTRANCE 294
The Floating Channel Entrance — Replacing a Partition — Mixer Channel Entrance.
Chapter XXVIII
THE DISTRIBUTOR CLUTCH 304
Removing the Distributor Clutch.
Chapter XXIX THE PI STACKER 309
Chapter XXX
THE DRIVING MECHANISM 311
Worn Driving Pinion — Clutch Troubles — The Motor — Motor Information — Daily Power Consumption — Power Notes.
Chapter XXXI
THE BASE AND MAIN CAMS 326
Removing the Main Cams — Care of the Main Cams.
Chapter XXXII MACHINE ACTIONS 334
Chapter XXXIII ADJUSTMENTS . 336
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter XXXIV
MACHINE STOPS AND CAUSES 350
The Machine Fails to Automatically Start — The Machine Stopped by Vise Automatic or Other Causes — Machine has Stopped in Casting Position — Machine Stopped at Transfer Position — Machine Stopped at Transfer and Ejecting Posi- tion— Machine Stopped Between Ejecting and Normal Posi- tions.
Chapter XXXV
MAINTENANCE ROUTINE 365
Every Day — Weekly — Every Two Weeks — Once a Month — Every Three Months — Yearly.
Chapter XXXVI OILING THE INTERTYPE 368
Chapter XXXVII
MAKING OPERATING CHANGES 372
Magazine or Matrices.
Chapter XXXVIII
SUPPLIES 375
Protection Supplies — How to Order Matrices.
Chapter XXXIX
INSTALLING THE MACHINE 379
Preliminary Suggestions — Concrete Floors — Unpacking — Assembling the Machine — Starting.
Chapter XL
MISCELLANEOUS 384
Hints for Operators — Estimating Manuscript — How to Measure Composition — Weight of Intertype Slugs — Decimal Point Measurement of Point Sizes — Names of Point Sizes — Point System.
List of Illustrations
Figure page
The Anatomy of an Intertype Matrix 5-8
1 Diagram of keyboard and escapement mechanism 9
2 Perspective view showing keyboard parts from keybutton to key rod 10
3 Keyboard cam resting at normal position 11
3a Keyboard cam resting upon the rubber roll 11
3b Keyboard cam has revolved, reaching highest radius 11
4 Perspective view of Mixer keyboard and escapement mechanism ... 12
5 Twin channel attachment 14
6 Spaceband releasing mechanism for Mixer machine 16
6a Perspective end views of the keyboard demonstrating new method of
removing keyboard rubber roll shafts 17
7 Keyboard rubber roll retainer 19
8 To apply a keyboard rubber roll 19
9 Two methods of applying high test gasoline to remedy double letters 21
10 Key rod frame, showing easy method of removal 24
11 Removing Mixer tilting keyrod frame * 25
12 View of section of keyrod showing overmotion spring 26
13 Perspective view of working parts of keyboard and magazine matrix
releasing mechanism 32
14 View of section of magazine showing escapement releasing a matrix 33
15 Magazine in position for cleaning 39
16 Opened view of the spaceband box 41
17 View of spaceband box with releasing plunger withdrawn 42
18 View of spaceband box showing plunger releasing a spaceband 43
19 View of spaceband box showing how spaceband falls by gravity release 44
20 Detail drawings of spaceband box chute 46
21 First style assembler entrance 49
22 New style positive assembler entrance 50
23 Portion of Mixer lower assembler entrance 52
24 Mixer assembler entrance 53
25 First style flanged-pulley assembler 57
26 New style positive assembler 59
27 Assembler star shaft assembly 60
28 First style assembler slide 64
29 New style assembler slide assembly 65
30 The forty-two-em assembler slide 67
31 First style assembler slide
32 New style assembler slide 69
33 The assembling elevator in normal position 71
34 Detail end diagrams of the assembling elevator 73
35 Section of the assembling elevator showing the buffers 74
36 The delivery slide ^
37 Perspective drawing of delivery slide with lever parts "8
38 The delivery channel
39 View of the first elevator with back jaw broken away 84
40a First elevator jaw closing pin 85
XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
40b New style first elevator jaw detents 86
41 Matrix resting at normal position in first elevator jaws 87
42 Matrix at high alignment or auxiliary position locked against mold ... 88
43 Front view of first elevator jaw at transfer position 89
44 First elevator slide and vise automatic details 90
45 The first elevator lever link 92
46a First style first elevator slide filling piece 94
46b First style first elevator slide filling piece showing matrix (auxiliary)
position) with mold advancing against lower back lug of matrix 96
47 First elevator alignment stop bar 98
48 View showing how left vise jaw change is made 103
48a View of left vise jaw changing mechanism 104
49 View showing matrix line in position for justification 105
50 View showing matrix line with justification lever at upstroke 106
51 View showing matrix line justified with bar lowered 107
52 View showing matrix line completely justified 108
53 Back view of the matrix and spaceband justification mechanism 109
54a Diagram showing expansive power of a thick spaceband 110
54b Diagram showing effect of two spacebands together in a matrix line . Ill
55 Justification lever springs and rods 112
56 Vise jaw closing spring operating lever, 42-em machine 113
57 View of the back trimming knife 115
58 Section of the rim of the mold turning cam showing shoe and rack. . . 116
59 Lifting off the mold cap 117
60 Changing the mold. View showing mold disk turning mechanism .... 118
61 How a slug is formed. Rear view of a mold with cap broken away to
show matrix line locked against the mold 119
62 View of a 30-em universal adjustable mold 120
63 View of a recessed mold 121
64 View of an advertising figure mold 122
65 Matrix slide block and slide 124
66 A line of border matrices ready to insert in first elevator jaws 125
67 Front view of the mold cooling equipment 126
68 Interior view of mold cooling equipment pump body 128
69a View of the first style back mold wiper 131
69b View of the new style back mold wiper 131
70 Inside rear view of the vise 132
71 View of vise lowered to second position 133
72 View of vise mold disk locking stud blocks 135
73 Disconnecting the mold slide. View showing mold cam lever discon-
nected from mold slide 136
74 First style mold driving shaft friction clamp 138
75 New style mold disk brake 140
76 The mold cam safety lever 142
77 Principal parts of the casting mechanism 146
78 View of the pot lever 148
79 Pot and pump cam wipers 150
80 Cross section view of metal pot crucible, plunger and mouthpiece. . . . 151
81 Thermometer 152
82 Pot mouthpiece wiper 154
83 Metal pot gas burner and thermostat system : 156
84 Intertype gas governor 158
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xm
Figure page
85 Metal pot leg adjusting screws 161
86 New style electric pot thermostat 172
87 First style electric pot wiring diagram 174
88 First style electric pot control box 175
89 New style electric pot wiring diagram 177
89a Thermostat-relay closing circuit 179
89b Thermostat-relay maintaining circuit 181
89c Thermostat-relay opening circuit 183
90 New style electric pot control with phantomed view of metal pot
showing thermostat and heating units 185
91 Direct current control, new style electric pot 187
92 Alternating current control, new style electric pot 189
92a Operating coil, new style electric pot 190
93 New style electric pot throat unit rheostat 191
94 The lamp in series for testing 193
95 The Intertype gravity feed gasoline burner diagram 201
96 Intertype gravity feed gasoline burner front diagram 202
97 Gravity feed gasoline burner tank and burner system 203
98 Gravity feed gasoline mouthpiece burner and mixing chamber bulb . . . 203
99 Main burner, gravity feed gasoline burner 204
99a Reliance burner equipment for gasoline 205
100 The Intertype pump stop 213
101 The Intertype universal ejector 216
102 The Intertype universal ejector blade magazine 217
103 The single ejector 219
104 The Intertype universal knife block 222
105 Cast iron lapping block 225
106 First style knife wiper 228
107 New style knife wiper 229
108 The 42-em knife wiper 231
109 First style slug galley 233
110 Intertype outside slug galley 234
111 The distributing mechanism 236
112 Transfer position of the first and second elevators 237
113 The elevator transfer mechanism 239
114 The transfer channel '• • 24°
115 The first elevator at transfer position with duplex rail retracted 241
116 Elevator transfer slide 242
117 View of the second elevator and lever weight 2*3
118 View of Mixer machine second elevator lever and lever weight 244
119 Elevator transfer slide finger adjustment 245
120 The 42-em elevator transfer slide mechanism 246
121 The first stroke of the transfer slide finger regulated by screw in the
automatic safety pawl 24^
122 Second or spaceband transfer stroke of the transfer levers 250
123 Perspective view of the transfer channel and second elevator 252
124 View of the distributor shifter slide 254
125 View of the font distinguisher 25®
126 How to determine face sizes. Matrix silhouettes 257
127 The distributor box used on single distributor Intertypes XM
128 Interior view of the single distributor box 2°«
129 Three views of the distributor box bar point
XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
130 Distributor box lift at downstroke position 263
131 View of a matrix at the instant it has been raised by the distributor
box lift 265
132 Another step in the distribution of a matrix from the distributor box 267
133 View showing a thin matrix bent by the distributor screws 269
134 Testing new distributor box rails 271
135 Interior view of the Mixer distributor box 272
136 Perspective view of the Mixer distributor box 273
137 View showing removal of Mixer distributor box 274
138 Rear view of the Mixer distributor box clutch 276
139 Front view of the Mixer distributor box clutch mechanism 278
140 View of the Mixer distributor box clutch in action 281
141 Back view of the Mixer font selector block 282
142 Intertype Mixer notches. Matrix silhouettes 284
143 Means of adjusting position of the distributor beam 286
144 Testing the distributor screws with square 287
145 Testing the distributor screws with square 288
146 Assembly of distributor screw gears shown in diagramatic form .... 289
147 Perspective view of Mixer distributor conveyor screws 290
148 Distributor screw gear assembly for the Mixer machine 292
149 Single distributor channel entrance shown in open position 295
150 Endwise diagram of the single distributor channel entrance 297
151 First and new style channel entrance partitions 299
152 Endwise diagram of the Mixer channel entrances 300
153 The Mixer channel entrances with means of adjustment 301
154 Upper magazine channel entrance partition, Mixer 302
155 Distributor driving clutch 305
156 Rear view of the distributor clutch 306
157 The Mixer channel entrance and clutch mechanism 307
158 View of the pi stackers used on the Mixer machine 310
159 How the clutch goes into action 312
159a Diagram of the friction clutch arm showing clutch spring 314
160 Application and use of a simple gauge used in making clutch adjust-
ments 316
161 Section of clutch arm mechanism 317
162 Clutch controlling mechanism 318
163 Back view of the automatic stopping pawl 319
164 Back view of the automatic safety pawl 320
165 Perspective view of the vertical starting lever 322
166 Intertype pinion-drive motor 324
167 The main cams and cam shaft * 327
168 Inside view of the mold turning cam (cam No. 3) and the vise closing
and justification cam (cam No. 4) 329
169 Perspective view of the pot cam and the pot pump cam 331
170 The machine is standing in normal position 351
171 The machine has been stopped by the vise automatic or any one of
several other causes 353
172 The machine has stopped in casting position 355
173 The machine has stopped at transfer position 357
174 The machine has stopped at transfer and ejecting positions 359
175 The machine has stopped between ejecting and normal positions 361
Classification
For convenience of explanation, the structure of the Intertype machine may be divided into three distinct mechanisms, each of which may be driven and operated, to a certain extent, alone; but all three are needed to complete the continuous work of type composition. The functions of each of these main mechanisms are combined and correlated by subordinate connecting mechanisms to form one complete operating unit.
The three main mechanisms are ASSEMBLING, CASTING, and DISTRIBUTING. This method of divis- ion will be followed here in explaining the mechan- ical construction and operation of the machine.
To describe the machine from the viewpoint of typographical requirements, it will be considered as built up of standard units or equipments de- signed to suit the requirements of the composing room. These units, it should be understood, may be expanded or altered to suit changes in such re- quirements as they arise.
STANDARDIZED INTERTYPE WITH EQUIPMENT C
Chapter I
HOW THE INTERTYPE OPERATES
In its essential features the Intertype resembles the machine invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler. It casts slugs or lines of type, instead of individual types such as are used for hand composition.
In addition to the regular keyboard layout, the Intertype keyboard can be arranged for all kinds of straight matter, head letter, advertising figure, for- eign language, rule form and other special composition.
As the operator depresses the keys on the keyboard, brass matrices are released from a magazine and fall down to an assembling elevator in front of the operator. The purpose of the assembling elevator is to assemble the matrices in a line, preparatory to casting the slug or line of type.
Most two-letter matrices from 5 to 14 point have two characters punched in one edge of each matrix; for instance, a roman lower case "a" and an italic lower case "a," or a roman "a" and a bold face "a." The reason for having two faces on one matrix is that nearly all kinds of composition frequently requires both roman and italic, or roman and bold face, in the same line; also it is convenient to have the italic and bold face for use as head lines, running heads, etc.
The matrices can be assembled to cast all roman or all italic (or bold face). Words or lines to be cast in italic or bold face are simply raised to the upper position in the assembling elevator. The roman face is always punched in the regular or lower position, with the italic or bold face in the upper or auxiliary position.
The magazines can be filled with two-letter matrices containing either roman and italic characters or roman and bold face characters, but it is not feasible to have all three faces (roman, italic, and bold) on one matrix. Most composition requiring three kinds of letters is taken care of by using an In- tertype Mixer machine, or an Equipment C-s.m. 2.
The majority of roman with italic fonts also carry small caps, these being placed on the figure matrices and less used characters, in place of italic fig- ures, which are seldom used. The italic figures, however, pass into what is called a pi stacker and are inserted in the lines by hand.
The manner in which the machine releases the matrices from the maga- zine should be carefully noted. Directly behind the keyboard proper there are two rows of eccentric cams — one cam for each keybutton on the key- board. When the keys on the keyboard are touched by the operator, these cams drop down upon a revolving rubber roll. The cams are turned once around by the rubber roll, and this motion, owing to the eccentric shape of the cams, gives the yokes supporting them a quick upward thrust, this up-
2 THE INTERTYPE
ward thrust being transferred by a series of keyboard key rods to the escape- ments, releasing the matrices from the magazine. The escapements, as used on the Intertype, are very simple in design and operation, being made in one piece, and are actuated by such direct mechanical means as will insure in- stantaneous response to manipulation of the keyboard.
The matrices are stored in the magazine by engagement of their project- ing lugs which fit into grooves in the magazine, and are supported in long rows, end to end, each row including all the matrices of one letter as "a," "e," etc. There are twenty matrices each of such frequently used letters as "e," "t," "a," etc., and fewer of letters used less often, such as capital "X," "Z," etc. A large font (lower case, caps, figures, etc.) contains 1500 matrices, con- sisting of about one hundred different letters or characters; each matrix bearing two separate faces, roman and bold face, or roman and italic.
As the matrices are released from the magazine by the operation of the keyboard they drop down upon a rapidly moving belt which carries them to the assembler, where, as previously explained, they are assembled in a line ready for casting the slug.
When the operator has filled out the line in the assembling elevator with matrices, he raises the assembling elevator, bearing the line of matrices by means of a lever to a delivery slide which conveys the line to the casting mechanism. The slide then returns to normal position ready to receive an- other line for delivery to the casting mechanism. Meanwhile the operator starts to set his next line, the line just sent in being automatically handled by the machine from this point on in the manner described below.
The delivery slide conveys the line of matrices into the jaws of an eleva- tor, which is immediately lowered, carrying the matrix line to a position in front of the mold in which the slug is to be cast.
The mold contains a cavity of the size and shape of the desired slug. The back of this cavity aligns with a passage leading from the metal pot, filled with molten metal. The elevator bearing the line of matrices presents to the front of the mold cavity that part of the line in which the letters are punched. The mold is now caused to advance against the matrix line, and the metal pot, which also moves slightly forward, is locked against the rear of the mold. Immediately following the locking of the metal pot against the back of the mold, the pot pump is caused to force molten metal into the mold cavity, casting a slug, the top edge of which bears letters as they are arranged in the line of matrices.
In order to clearly understand how the casting operation is accomplished it is necessary to go back for a moment to the composing of the line in the assembling elevator. In addition to touching the various keys on the key- board, as required by the copy, the operator also touches a special spaceband key after each word, so as to drop the spacebands into the line from the spaceband box directly above the assembling elevator. Spacebands are used to separate the groups of matrices which form the words and at the same
HOW THE INTERTYPE OPERATES 3
time form a means of expanding or justifying matrix lines so they will all be of even length. A spaceband consists of a short sleeve and a long wedge, the outer sides of which are parallel; the inner surfaces of the sleeve and the long wedge are tapered. When the line of matrices passes from the assem- bling elevator to the casting mechanism the spacebands are carried with it and the short wedges or sleeves of the spacebands which are shaped similar to matrices, fit in between the word groups while the long wedges of the spacebands extend below the matrix line about two inches.
Just before the slug is cast, justification of the line is accomplished by means of a bar actuated by two levers which pushes upward against these wedges, spreading out the space between each word in the line an equal amount. If there are so few matrices in the line that the spacebands cannot fill it, a safety device automatically prevents the metal from being pumped into the mold and no cast occurs. In such a case a bell rings and the operator knows that he must reset the line and put more matrices in it.
After the slug is cast, the circular disk which carries the molds is turned three-quarters of a revolution, carrying the slug (still in the mold) with it. On the way around the bottom of the slug is trimmed by a knife positioned behind the mold disk. When the mold disk stops an ejector blade comes for- ward from behind it and pushes the slug out of the mold and into a galley at the left of the operator. As the slug is ejected from the mold it passes be- tween two parallel trimming knives, which trim it on both sides.
In the meantime, while the slug is being trimmed and ejected, the line of matrices from which it was cast, is transferred to the top of the magazine from which the matrices were originally released, and each matrix drops into its proper channel in the magazine. The method of accomplishing this distri- bution is ingenious. First of all, after the slug is cast, the first elevator which held the line of matrices against the mold, rises to a transfer channel and a long arm which swings down from the top of the machine comes to rest upon the transfer channel. The matrix line is now transferred from the first eleva- tor to the second elevator.
The second elevator, supporting the matrices by their teeth on a V-shaped bar, lifts them to a distributor box at the top of the machine. The matrices are caused to pass out of this box one by one, and are conveyed along a dis- tributor bar which extends across the top of the magazine by long revolving screws positioned parallel to the bar, three of the lugs of each matrix (two upper and one lower lug) engage the threads of the revolving distributor screws. The bottom of the distributor bar is V-shaped and the matrices are propelled along it supported by their teeth. When a given matrix reaches a point directly above its channel in the magazine, there is a break in the teeth cut in the distributor bar corresponding to the combination of teeth cut in the matrix. The matrix is released and drops into its proper channel in the magazine. The combinations of teeth are, of course, different for every char- acter in the font; and the teeth in the V-shaped bottom of the distributor bar
4 THE INTERTYPE
are cut to correspond. In the meantime the spacebands, not having any com- bination teeth like the matrices, remain in the transfer channel and while the matrices are lifted up to the distributor, the spacebands are returned to the spaceband box at the right of the transfer channel.
It must be remembered that the operations just described (the casting of the slug and distribution of the matrices) are entirely automatic. The opera- tor does nothing but manipulate the keys and, at the end of each line, raises the assembling elevator to deliver the line of matrices to the casting mecha- nism.
Chapter II
THE ANATOMY OF AN INTERTYPE MATRIX
It is essential that all parts of an Intertype matrix be understood in order to comprehend the matter contained in this book. References are made throughout the text to the various parts of the matrix, according to the machine part which is being described and with which the matrix works. For that reason the following descriptions should be carefully studied.
A. The matrix, generally speaking, is made in the shape of a rectangle, with oblong indentations at front and back, due to the projecting lugs, of which there are four. A tri- angular tooth recess indents the top section of the body between the two ears. The length is one and one-quarter inches; the width across the lugs, upper and lower, is three- quarters of an inch; the width across the body from the ref- erence character to casting character is nine-sixteenths of an inch. The lower lugs or toes are one-eighth inch long and the upper lugs or ears are .266" long. Lugs are put on a ma- trix to guide and support it in its travels through the ma- chine, and the lower back toe under the matrix cell is used to align the letter characters in a groove at the front of the mold. When the matrix body is thicker than the lugs, the lugs are always placed at the right side when the reference characters are toward you. The body of a matrix is that portion between the lugs. The thickness of a matrix depends entirely upon the width of the character punched in the casting edge, which is about .00025" thicker than the refer- ence edge, in order to provide a tight seal in the vise jaws so that no metal can enter between the letters. The central portion of the matrix body is relieved, that is, thinner than the outside body edges, to the extent of .005" on each side, to further insure tight lockup of the edges during justifi- cation.
B. Matrices from 5 to 14 point having a single letter character punched in the casting edge, are called one-letter matrices. The letter character is usually punched in the po- sition indicated by the arrow 1. Matrices from 5 to 14 point having two characters punched in their casting edges are
THE INTERTYPE
called two-letter matrices. No. 1 represents the normal po- sition or punching* of the matrix character, and No. 2 repre- sents the auxiliary position or punching of the matrix char- acter. All matrices from 18 point to 60 point (condensed) have one character. These are known as head letter or dis- play matrices and are usually punched in the auxiliary po- sition. The character punchings on all matrices are .043" in depth.
C. The lugs of this matrix are set away from the edge of the body. This is called a back-milled matrix. The object in placing the lugs in this manner is to position the matrix body in the magazine so that it will not interfere with mat- rices in an adjacent channel. Back-milling is only done in certain cases where larger sized matrices are intended to run in the lower case or figure-and-point channels of a magazine.
D. This illustration represents a view of the matrix side walls. In some matrices these side walls are very thin, be- ing only a few thousandths of an inch thick. One of the principal reasons for polishing spacebands every eight hours is to prevent the accumulation of metal at the casting point of the sleeves. If this metal accumulation builds up on the spaceband sleeve, the thin matrix side walls will be crushed in or broken off, producing hair lines between the letters on the slugs.
E. This matrix shows the reference character facing the front. The operator, if he so desires, can look at the mat- rices in the assembling elevator to identify each letter in the line, should it be necessary.
F. Identification marks will be found on the left side of the matrix body. The point size is stamped at the left. Each type face or font is given a number, and this number is stamped on the right side of the matrix body. Tiny notches 1 in the bottom of the matrix body are used with a gauge which has numerals; the notches corresponding to the nu- merals when used in the gauge, identify the matrix face.
G. Intertype matrices have wide combination teeth which cover half or more of the width of the matrix tooth recess. In the thinner matrices the teeth are as wide as the matrix body. The original style teeth were 1/32" thick and
THE ANATOMY OP AN INTERTYPE MATRIX
the wider matrices hung at an angle on the bars during transfer. This wide-tooth patented feature is exclusive with the Intertype; it makes matrices having wide teeth hang straight during transfer and distribute better. Matrix teeth are shaped like an isosceles triangle, and provide sup- port for the matrices while being transferred to the second elevator and distributor box, and while traveling along the distributor conveyor screws. Each letter has its own com- bination of teeth, the rest being blanked out. When the ma- trix reaches its proper magazine channel it drops from the distributor bar and out of engagement with the distributor screws, because the distributor bar rails are open at that point to correspond with the matrix combination. The hole, shown at 1, lightens the weight of heavy matrices.
H. The distributor box bar point slot 1 is cut in the left side of the matrix body to a depth within 1/32" of the right side. This slot makes all matrices of all sizes a common thickness in the bottom of the slot to pass the distributor box bar point so that only one matrix at a time can be lifted into the distributor screws.
I. Equipments A, B, C and D Intertypes are furnished with matrices having font distinguisher slots cut in the bot- tom of each body, 1. The slot is placed in different positions according to the point size of the matrix. The slot is 1/16" deep and .040" wide. Some sizes of matrices have the same slot— for instance, 6, 12 and 24 point. Wrong fonts can be readily determined by the size of the matrix or the letter character. This notch working with the font distinguisher prevents "wrong fonts," which are simply matrices from another font being present in the magazine in use.
J. Slots in matrices used in the Intertype Mixer are cut deeper and about twice the width of the standard font notch explained above in paragraph I. The Mixer notches 1, are cut in the opposite side from the standard font notches.
K. Matrices Intended to run in the side magazine have a wide font notch, that is, the space taken up by all font notches from the center line of the matrix body is cut out, so that matrices from the side magazine may be used at any time regardless of which main magazine is in use.
THE INTERTYPE
.
ec
o
L. The lower back lugs of most matrices are beveled at the lower left-hand corner 1. As the matrix enters the as- sembling elevator the beveled corner cannot damage the side wall of the casting cell of the matrix immediately pre- ceding it.
M. Some thick-bodied matrices in the larger sizes are beveled both top and bottom, left side of the body. The lower bevel insures clearance of the matrix in relation to the channel entrance partition when dropping from the dis- tributor. It also helps smooth action in the assembler. In case two thick matrices (such as capital M) travel along the distributor bar, the top bevel provides clearance in the dropping of the first matrix so the second one which contin- ues to advance as the first one is dropping, will not advance against it and cause a distributor stop. The top bevel is made possible by Intertype wide combination teeth.
N. Certain thick matrices are provided with shoulders, which extend out from the matrix body and alongside the lugs about .020". These shoulders furnish a bearing for the matrices in the first-elevator jaw and permit them to hang straight while they are being transferred.
O. A logotype consists of two or more matrices riveted together to form a word, symbol or abbreviation of a word. Logotypes usually run pi. If, however, the matrix is subject to infrequent use or the body is too thick to permit free passage of the logotype through the first style pi tube, the tooth recess is blanked out and the logotype drops into the quad box at the transfer channel.
THE ANATOMY OF AN INTERTYPE MATRIX
FIG. 1.— 1 Keybutton, 2 Key lever, 3 Key bar, Trigger, 5 Rubber roll, 6 Cam, 7 Cam yoke, 8 Key rod, 9 Escapement, 10 Escapement spring, 11 Magazine, 12 Matrix.
Chapter III
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM
In order to thoroughly understand the operations and functions of the parts employed in the release of a matrix from the magazine, it is necessary that the following list of motions of the parts involved be studied.
The keybutton 1 Fig. 1, is depressed and the key lever 2 pivoted centrally upon a rod, raises the key bar 3; a small trigger 4 fitting into a notch in the upper end of the keybar and having a curved motion, moves from under the end of the cam yoke 7. The cam yoke drops its cam 6 upon a revolving rub- ber roll 5. The cam has teeth part way around its periphery to make its action positive the instant it drops upon the revolving rubber roll. As the cam re- volves, the yoke raises key rod 8 which in turn pushes up on escapement 9. As the escapement is rocked its front point is lowered, releasing the first ma- trix in the channel of the magazine 11, the matrix 12 falling out by gravity.
FIG. 2. — Perspective view showing keyboard parts from keybutton to key rod. 1 Keybutton, 2 Key lever, 3 Key bar, 4 Trigger, 5 Rubber roll, 6 Cam, 7 Cam yoke, 8 Key rod, 9 Cam stop strip, 10 Cam yoke bearing, 11 Banking bar, 12 Keyboard key bar guide.
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM
11
Meanwhile the matrix immediately following slides forward, its upper ear banking against the rear point of the escapement. The key rod drops by gravity after having been raised by the cam, and the spring 10 pulls the es- capement 9 back to normal position. As the escapement returns to normal position its rear point is lowered and the matrix again slides forward, the lower lug or toe passing over the front point of the escapement before the point can rise. Simultaneously, the upper matrix ear has advanced and the rear point of the escapement has returned to normal position so that it en- gages the upper ear of the matrix, arresting further passage of the matrix until the key is struck again.
FIG. 3. — This drawing represents a keyboard cam resting at normal po- sition. A small cross pin in cam 6 en- gages a tooth in stop strip 9 against which the cam rests while in normal position. The number 3 represents the key bar, 4 is the trigger, 5 the rubber roll, 6 the keyboard cam, 7 the cam yoke, and 8 the key rod. At a are shown two holes cut out of the cam wheel. This is for the purpose of making the cam wheel heavy on one side so that when it drops upon the rubber roll it will revolve with- out hesitancy through the "bite" of teeth in the periphery of the cam. FIG. 3a.— The cam and yoke 6 and 7, have fallen upon the revolving rubber roll 5; the trigger 4 has been tilted by key bar 3 letting the cam fall upon the rubber roll.
FIG. 3b.— The rubber roll 5 has revolved cam 6 which now has highest radius. The yoke 7 is pushing key rod 8
this the cam will return to normal position and the yoke , will rest on A cross pin in the rim of the cam will engage stop strip lution.
9 and
12
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 4.
1 Keybutton
2 Key lever
3 Key bar
4 Trigger
5 Rubber roll
6 Cam
7 Cam yoke
8 Key rod
9 Upper magazine escape-
ment rod
10 Lower magazine escape-
ment rod
11 Upper magazine escape-
ment
12 Upper magazine escape-
ment spring
IS Lower magazine escape- ment bar
lit Upper magazine escape- ment spring cover
15 Upper magazine
16 Lower magazine
17 Upper magazine matrices
18 Key rod frame tilting lever
19 Escapement rod frame
guide
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 13
The Importance of Gravity. — Having become familiar with the motions of the parts employed in the release of a matrix, the novice should under- stand that-—
The key lever itself is pivoted centrally (balanced) upon a fulcrum rod.
The weighted key bar, suspended at the rear end of the key lever, returns the key lever to its original position after a keybutton has been struck.
When a key is depressed a matrix is released, not directly by the touch of the key lever which has just been pressed, but by setting a cam in motion, which in turn actuates a key rod and escapement. This accounts for the ex- tremely light touch of the keybuttons.
The trigger supports the free-moving end of the cam yoke as long as the key bar is not raised to tilt the trigger from under the yoke.
The cam yoke is supported in normal position at its pivot end by a square post called a bearing, and at the other end by a small curved piece called a trigger (mentioned above) . When the trigger is set in motion the free end of the yoke drops until the cam comes in contact with one of two revolving rub- ber rolls.
The key rod, due to the rising motion of the cam yoke, pushes against the escapement and falls by gravity to its normal position after the yoke has receded.
The escapement is rocked by the key rod for release of the matrix, and the return stroke of the escapement is effected by a spring after the key rod has fallen away.
Gravity affects the motions of the key lever, the key bar, the cam and yoke, the key rod, and the dropping of the matrices after being released. Gravity is mentioned here to emphasize the necessity of caring for these parts so that they will function properly.
Mixer Keyboard and Escapement Mechanism
The Release of a Matrix.— Depressing the keybutton 1 Fig. 4, raises the rear end of the key lever 2, which in turn lifts the key bar 3. The key bar tilts trigger 4 so that it is retracted from under cam yoke 7, which drops and causes cam 6 to revolve on rubber roll 5. The yoke 7, due to eccentric action of cam 6, raises key rod 8, and in turn pushes escapement rod 9 against upper magazine escapement 11. The front point of escapement 11 is lowered as the rear point rises. This releases the first matrix from the magazine. The second matrix slides forward a short distance until its upper ear engages the rear escapement point. The key rod and escapement rod drop away from the es- capement by gravity after the cam has revolved. The escapement spring 12 pulls the escapement back to normal position with the front point holding the second matrix, which will be the first to drop when the key is depressed again.
Escapement action for the lower magazine is exactly the same as for the upper magazine. The operator shifts a rack by means of lever 18 so as t<
14
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 5. — Twin channel attachment.
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 15
cause the key rods 8 contained within the rack to register with the lower magazine escapement rods 10.
Twin Channel Attachment
On display Intertypes and 42-em machines a twin channel attachment can be furnished. Main and split magazines have two lower case "e" chan- nels (the first two at the left side of the magazine). As the assembling ele- vator is raised to send in lines to be cast, the assembling elevator lever oper- ates a mechanism that permits matrices to be drawn alternately from the two channels.
All the lower case "e" matrices used in one line will be drawn from one channel; the line of matrices is sent in and the next line set will have all lower case "e" matrices drawn from the other channel, and so on.
On the 42-em machine, long lines require a great many lower case "e" matrices, since this is the most used letter of the English alphabet.
Detailed Action of the parts is as follows: When the assembling elevator is raised to send a line of matrices to the delivery slide, lever 1, Fig. 5, hav- ing a hook at the end where it engages cam 8, turns the cam one-sixth of a revolution. The cam operates the key rod lever 3. The key rod lever 3 has a forked upper end engaging the lower case "e" key rod 4. The key rod alter- nates between magazine escapements 5 and 6 at each upward movement of the assembling elevator.
Spring 7 hooked to the clamp and key rod lever, holds the lever against cam 8. It also holds the key rod in alignment with the escapement.
Screws 10 are loosened in case it is necessary to align the upper end of the key rod 4 with the escapements 5 and 6. The key rod lever operating lever 12, is slotted to accomplish this adjustment.
Spring 2 working against cam 8 is merely a tension spring for the purpose of holding cam 8 stationary through friction until the cam operating lever 1 again moves the cam.
Spring 9 holds cam operating lever 1 down to prevent its slipping out of engagement with the cam.
The upper end of key rod 4 occupies either space normally taken up by two key rods. The partition is blanked from between the two spaces to permit the rod to alternate between the two lower case "e" channel escapements.
Occasionally clock oil should be used to lubricate the bearings. When once set in proper adjustment, no other attention is required.
One advantage of this attachment is that it can be thrown out of use when a font containing one channel of lower case "e" matrices is in use.
Single Spaceband Cam
The keyboards on Intertypes A, B, C, D and X are each equipped with a single spaceband cam that is somewhat larger in radius than the regular
16
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 6. — Spaceband releasing mechanism for the Intertype Mixer machine.
keyboard cam. Equipment E carries two spaceband cams — one for each magazine.
Providing a spaceband cam of different size than the regular cams is nec- essary in order to time the dropping of the spacebands with the delivery of matrices from the magazine. Spacebands are much heavier than the average matrix and drop from the box just above the assembler. The distance trav- eled from the box to the star wheel is much shorter than the distance from the magazine to the star wheel. Therefore, it is necessary to use a means of retarding delivery of the spaceband so that it will not cut in ahead of the last letter in a word. There is, of course, a tendency on the part of the oper- ator to strike the spaceband key a trifle too soon after the last letter in a word and due allowance therefore is made in the design of the machine.
Mixer Spaceband Cams
On Equipment E the two magazines are positioned at a greater distance from the star wheel than on the other equipments, and the lower magazine is positioned a slightly greater distance than the upper magazine.
As mentioned above, the Intertype Mixer is provided with two spaceband cams. The lower magazine spaceband cam has the greatest radius and space- band delivery is retarded more than for the upper magazine.
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM
17
FIG. 6a. — Perspective and end views of the keyboard, demonstrating the new method of removing the key- board rubber roll shafts directly from the cam yoke frames, elimi- nating the necessity for removing them after the cam yoke frames have been taken from the keyboard on those machines equipped with the side magazine unit.
The lower portion of the cam yoke frame adjacent to the shaft bearing 3 at the right side of the keyboard has been cut away to permit the rubber roll shafts to be lowered out of engagement with the right-hand bearings. A threaded stud 2 is set in each outside shaft bushing 4, and each stud registers with a slot cut in the right-hand keyboard frame bearing 3 at the top. A square nut 1, when tightened, supports the bushing and holds it rigidly in place to determine the normal position of the rubber roll shaft. The left end of each rubber roll shaft is rounded for easy entrance into the bearing 5 when the shaft is being replaced.
To remove the front rubber roll shaft, first take the copy tray from the top of the keyboard, which is held in place by the two screws in the cam yoke bearing bar, lift out the spaceband key and hinge rod; loosen the stud nut 1, slide the shaft to the right until the stud 2 clears out of the slot in the right- hand bearing 3. The rubber roll may then be lowered and lifted out as indi- cated by the curved arrow line at the left of the end view. The rear rubber roll shaft is removed in the same manner as the front one, after removing the key bar and cam yoke dust covers.
18 THE INTERTYPE
The key bar is used to operate both cams, and has a two-notch top. When the spaceband key lever is struck, the key bar sets both cams in motion, which in turn raise both spaceband key lever key rods. According to the magazine in use, one rod will register with the spaceband box lever.
These parts require the same attention that the regular keyboard cams receive.
The motions taking place to release a spaceband on the Mixer machine are as follows: The key 1 Fig. 6, is depressed, raising the key bar 2, which in turn, having a double top (that is, two notches) operates trigger 5 for both the upper and lower magazine spaceband cams 6 and 7. The cams revolve on rolls if and 4 and raise the rods 8 and 9. If the upper magazine is being used, the front key rod 8 will register with the box lever 10 and release a space- band from the box n. The small detail 3 shows construction of the spaceband key bar.
Rubber Bolls and Ferrule
It is highly important that the rubber rolls and shafts be given the neces- sary attention to keep them revolving steadily and that the rubbers be clean and fairly resilient. Remove the rolls from the machine occasionally and clean them with coarse sand paper, finishing the cleaning process by either washing them with soapy water or high test gasoline, using at least a four- inch fibre brush.
Correct Diameter of Rubber Rolls. — Another important thing to watch is to see that the rubber rolls are not crowded onto the shafts in such a way that their diameter is more than one inch at any point throughout their length. If larger than this the keyboard cams may not clear the stop strip teeth. Also if one roll is larger than the other, transposition of matrices will occur when the keyboard is operated.
If the rubber roll shafts are revolving at a speed much in excess of 275 or 280 revolutions per minute, trouble may be encountered by the operator in getting double letters, that is, two lower case "o" matrices or two lower case "e" matrices together in a word. The reason for this is that the cam operates the escapement so rapidly that matrices will not have sufficient time to slide over the escapement points by gravity and the second matrix will be caught at its lower lug by the front point of the escapement.
The ferrule at either end of the roll is held in place by a spring clip or ring. This prevents the roll from creeping beyond the end of the shaft and rubbing the cam yoke frame, which would slow the speed of the rolls. The ferrule also aids in preventing excess oil creeping to the roll in case too much has been applied to the shaft bearing.
Earlier Intertypes had cast iron rubber roll shaft bearings. Present Inter- types are equipped with bronze bearings, channeled with graphite. A light oiling at regular intervals with medium grade machine oil is beneficial.
Keyboard rubber rolls are furnished in two styles — plain and corrugated. Both have their merits. The plain rubber roll, of course, furnishes a more
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM
19
FIG. 7.— Keyboard Rubber Boll Re- tainer. This simple device consists of a ferrule 1, held in place by a spring clip 2, which effectively prevents the rubber roll creeping upon the shaft. The rub- ber roll, as indicated in the drawing, should always be one inch in diameter throughout its length.
FIG. 8. — To Apply a Keyboard Rub- ber Roll, stand the roll shaft end up on a table or bench and insert a wooden plug, which can be made from a section of broom handle, in the top of the roll. As the roll is pushed on the shaft, the wooden plug will cause the air inside to be compressed and expand the roll which will cause it to slip easily upon the shaft.
20 THE INTERTYPE
accurate surface upon which the cam revolves. In some plants, during cool weather, no fire is kept over night and the keyboard chills. Until the key- board is warmed the next morning the cams act sluggish, that is, they fall upon the rolls but do not revolve immediately. To overcome this condition, corrugated rolls are furnished which have about 60 teeth or corrugations
upon their surface.
Non-Response of Matrix
When a matrix fails to respond to the touch of a keybutton, it may be due to any one of several causes. The best manner in which to locate the trouble is to first note whether the key rod is rising and falling. If not, in all proba- bility the keyboard cam does not revolve, for one of the following reasons :
Gummy substance holding up the free end of the cam yoke. Remove the cam and wipe the end of the yoke on a cloth; also wrap the cloth around a thin piece of wood, insert it in the guide plate slot and wipe clean.
Rubber roll hard or glazed. Remove both rolls and use coarse flint paper, then wash in gasoline.
Teeth of the cam dull or rounded. This is likely to occur on a machine that has been in use a long time. Use a small three-cornered needle file and touch up the teeth.
Rubber roll diameter too large. The roll should not exceed one inch in diameter. When applying a roll do not crowd it so as to cause variations in diameter throughout its length.
Cam pivot extremely dry. Use clock oil only for lubrication — just a small drop applied with a toothpick or flattened wire dropper.
A loose cam yoke bearing screw.
If none of the above causes are present, and the key rod moves up and down at the touch of the keybutton, see if the key rod spring has become dis- connected, or is weak in tension. A key rod can be removed to strengthen the spring by turning out the two rear screws in the upper key rod guide, push- ing back the guide strip and lifting out the key rod wanted.
Groove cut in rubber roll by the cam wheel. A roll can be patched by using a piece of old roll, cutting away the defective part and applying a patch. It is not advisable to make a rubber roll patch less than six inches in length. A smaller piece might be twisted out of position by the action of the cams.
Accumulation of dirt and grit in escapement bearing. Remove escapement and rub it on fine abrasive cloth, afterwards polishing in graphite.
Escapement spring has lost tension or has become disconnected. If the tension is weak, clip off two or three coils and replace.
Matrix having had a lug slightly twisted in the distributor box.
Escapement burred and binding in its seat.
An assembler entrance partition out of alignment with the magazine channel so that a matrix protrudes part way out of the magazine. Bend the partition into place.
Oil or gummy dirt in the magazine channel or on the matrices. Wipe off
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM O
21
FIG. 9. — Two methods of applying high test gasoline to a sticking keyboard key bar, which causes "doubles" or continuous matrix response. The applica- tion of gasoline will wash out rust, small particles of dirt, metal, paper or fine accumulations from between the key bars, guides and the banking bar. These fine accumulations cause the key bar to remain suspended in an upward po- sition instead of dropping down to normal after the operator's finger pressure has been released from the keybutton. At 5 the high test gasoline is being ap- plied to the top of the key bar through the cam yoke slot in the guide plate after removal of the cam yoke.
the matrix lugs. If very much oil has fouled the channels it may be necessary to run out the matrices and clean the magazine. Oil in the proper place has its function, but it becomes a source of extreme annoyance when used in ex- cessive quantities. Oil in combination with dust and dirt which settle in machinery comprises a nasty compound and must be removed from the mag- azine. It should be noted here that too much oil applied to the distributor bearings, the assembler bearings, the assembling elevator, the front and back mold wipers will cause trouble; especially is this true of the distributor screws.
Burred matrix toes from impact with some part of the machine where the matrix travels, will cause matrices to stick in the magazine.
A matrix having had one or more lower lugs or toes damaged by the mold) due to the sending in of a tight line.
If the stroke of the delivery slide is too rapid and a matrix is jarred above the rest of the line when it passes into the delivery channel, it is possi- ble to damage the lower lugs. Avoid raising the assembling elevator too forcibly.
22 THE INTERTYPE
Doubles or Continuous Response
If a keybutton stays down after having been depressed, the matrices will continue to drop. Sometimes two letters will respond when only one is wanted. This is caused by an accumulation of rust, dirt, oil or bits of type metal that have worked into the space between the key bar 2, Fig. 9, and the guides 5 and 4, or between the key bar 2 and the banking bar 1. The remedy is to use a long spout oil can kept for the purpose and filled with gasoline. Squirt a little of the fluid on the key bar 2 just under the banking bar 1. Ap- ply the end of the spout between the banking bar 1 and the blade 6 for the keyboard locking apparatus, in the region where the key sticks. Vigorously tap the keybutton. Occasionally a key lever will stick down, due to the pres- ence of a chip of metal or paper lodged between the lever and its slot in the keyboard top plate.
After having tried to remedy a double letter as explained above, and the keybutton still persists in sticking down, remove the cam and yoke of the offending character, insert the end of the oil can spout in the cam yoke slot in the frame plate and squirt gasoline on top of the key bar, shown at 5. In this way gasoline will flow down the length of the key bar 2 and loosen any foreign matter lodged between the key bar and the guides or banking bar.
If continued and persistent trouble is experienced with double letters, the keyboard should be removed from the machine and thoroughly cleaned.
Transpositions
A transposition is nothing more nor less than a matrix or spaceband mis- placed by reason of retarded delivery; that is, it has dropped out of time with the other matrices and spacebands in the assembled line.
Transpositions are exasperating to the rapid operator who "feels" the flow of matrices coming into the assembler, at times as many as twelve mat- rices per second.
The possibility of human error in fingering a keyboard is always present. Operators should strive to finger the keys evenly, especially on combinations of letters that occur in simple words or long word endings. Repetition of certain word forms may lead to carelessness.
It has long been the contention of men in a position to know that trans- positions of letters in type matter are more often due to mechanical causes than from error in the human element. None of these causes, however, orig- inally existed in the machine itself. They are the result of conditions brought about through constant use or abuse. Insofar as possible, each part of the machine is built to compensate for wear and if properly maintained, free from dirt and dust accumulations, there should be but little trouble experi- enced with transpositions from mechanical causes.
Following are given the contributing causes of transpositions, many of which would never occur if proper attention were given in caring for the machine.
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 23
The first thing to consider is the keyboard. If, after long use, the cam does not start turning as promptly as it should due to rounded teeth, the fall of the matrix will be out of time. Sharpen the cam teeth with a small three- square file.
Rubber rolls may be glazed or hardened. Roughen with coarse flint paper and wash in gasoline or soapy water. The rubber roll should not be more than one inch in diameter. If one roll is larger than the other, because of its im- proper application on the shaft, there will occur a slight variation in the tim- ing of the matrix delivery.
A cut in the rubber roll directly under the cam.
On machines that have been used a long time, the tension of the rubber roll shaft pulley friction spring may be weak. Replacement of the part will be necessary. The points of the friction spring may be bent to increase the tension until a new one can be ordered in case none are in the supplies list.
Sluggish action of the escapement. Polish on fine abrasive cloth and rub in graphite.
Keeper rod binding against a magazine escapement because of a kink in the rod.
Dry cam yoke pivot. Use clock oil only and apply just a little to the pivot with a toothpick or similar tool.
Oil on matrices or in the magazine. Light matrices (thin ones) will drop slowly from this cause. Excess oil on distributor screws, assembler bearings and front and back mold wipers are contributing causes.
An interfering assembler entrance guide at the mouth of the magazine. Use duckbill pliers and bend the partition to place. If several guides inter- fere with the prompt dropping of the matrices it is possible that the assem- bler front will need relocating. In case a single guide is interfering with the delivery of the matrices from one channel, bend the guide to permit free passage of the matrices from the magazine. Turn the keyboard roll shaft slowly by hand after depressing the keybutton for the offending character and note how it drops from the magazine. The keyboard belt should be re- moved from the pulley while doing this.
Uncertain speed of the matrix delivery belt. See that the pulley bearings are free and oiled. If there is too much slack in the belt, adjust the idler pul- ley by means of the nut back of the pulley stud.
The assembler star wheel may not have enough tension to throw matrices to an upright position in the assembler. The star wheel shaft is provided with a brass plate or disk inside of the small gear that is driven by the intermedi- ate gear and a nut and spring. The purpose of this device is to throw matrices positively yet gently into the assembling elevator. If the spring is too strong, matrices will jump out of the assembler, or else the assembler slide will ad- vance too far when the matrix takes its position in the line. The brass disk and spring should have some oil. The tension of the spring can be weakened by squeezing it in a vise. Likewise the tension can be increased by tapping
24
THE INTERTYPE
the spring with a light hammer while rolling it on the corner of an iron block or the jaw of a bench vise. Learn to judge the spring tension by thrusting a finger against the star wheel while in motion. It should have just enough tension to throw quad matrices smoothly into the assembler while they are being assembled with spacebands. This is not an infallible test and every one learning to adjust the star wheel spring tension will require several trials before he can judge whether or not it is right.
A worn star wheel can be the cause of transpositions. It will be noticed that the front and back corners of the spokes are first to wear out. When the spoke corners have been reduced 1/32" or more apply a new star wheel. Star wheels are cheap as compared to the cost of machine corrections.
; ^'-Showing Easy Method of Removing: the Key Bods by lifting out the y r°d *** °n machines A« B> C, D and X, after having discon-
r key rod and taking out the two f ront screws in
— \.~L~"T~ Key Rod' take out the two rear screws in the upper key rod guide, push back the guide and lift out the key rod.
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 25
A machine operating at a speed less than six and one-half lines per minute may cause transpositions.
// the upper key rod guide is not positioned correctly uncertain matrix de- livery will result. The key rods may be slipping to one side of the escape- ments instead of fully registering with them. Adjust the upper key rod guide sidewise, then tighten the screws. The relation of the key rods to the escape- ments can be noted by looking at them from the rear of the machine while the lower magazine is in operating position.
The assembler entrance cover cushion may have slots worn in it from long use. In this case renew the spring cushion.
The upper edge of the small assembler chute cover may extend farther in than the lower edge of the large cover, so as to trip matrices as they pass. This can be readily fitted for correct position.
The assembler chute finger should be set so that thin matrices will not bound out of the assembler. This finger is adjustable and can be positioned in case of the first style assembler, so that the thickest matrix in the font will just pass underneath. In the case of the new style assembler the prongs of the finger can be set down as far as possible toward the chute rails and to the left as far as clearance with the assembling elevator will permit. The chute finger is intended to direct matrices to the star wheel, and as the wheel
FIG. 11. — Method of removing the key rod tilting frame on the Mixer machine, should it be necessary to replace a key rod overmotion spring.
26 THE INTERTYPE
flips the matrix to an upright position the spring acts on the top of the matrix to aid it in assuming this position. Some attention should be given to assem- bler entrance guide No. 1 next to the chute spring so that it will just permit the thickest matrix in the font to pass through without hesitancy. The posi- tion of the lower end of this guide has a great deal to do with matrices bound- ing out of the assembler.
Key Rods and Frames
Between the keyboard and the magazine are mounted the key rods. There are 90 key rods in the standard machine for the letter characters, and a small key rod at the right of the main key rods, to which is connected the space- band lever and box.
The first Intertypes were not furnished with a frame to support the key rods, there being a thin guide strip set between the two key- board cam yoke frames, and a guide mounted upon the intermediate bracket at the upper ends of the key rods. Present Intertypes are equipped with keyboard rod frames so as to facilitate removal of all the key rods at one time by taking out the two front screws in the top guide and lifting out the assembled frame (Fig. 10). The re- moval of any particular key rod may also be effected by taking out the two rear screws in the top of the frame which hold the guide strip in place. This frame is the same for Equipments A, B, C and X. Equipment D resembles it in every detail except that there are 72 key rods instead of 90 as in the other equipments.
This key rod frame is applicable to all outstanding machines equipped with the first style guides.
Removing Mixer Key Rod Rack. — Equipment E key rods are mounted in a swinging rack. The rack may be removed by discon- necting the magazine shift lever link, disconnecting and removing the spaceband key rods, and removing the rear cam yoke frame. The rack may then be pulled out at its lower end and dropped down at the back of the keyboard (Fig. 11) so that repairs can be made. The same overmotion spring is used in the E key rod as in the other machines. As soon as the rack has been replaced, the rear cam yoke frame can be put back in place after passing a locking wire through the end of the frame and the trigger holes to hold the triggers rigid so they will properly engage the key bar notches, into which they fit. After the frame has been put in position, withdraw the trigger locking wire.
FIG. 12. — View of section of keyboard key rod, showing the overmo- tion spring, which functions when the key rod has reached its highest stroke in releasing a matrix by operating the magazine escapement. At this point the upper and lower parts of the key rod compress slightly causing the key rod to finish its upward thrust against the escapement with a yielding pressure. • FIG. 12
KEYBOARD AND ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM 27
Keyboard Key Bod Overmotion Spring. — In order to obtain what is called an overthrow motion or cushion stroke when the key rod has reached its highest point, a spring is mounted in each key rod. The rod is made in two parts with suitable slide and lugs and held together by this spring. In case a matrix lug stalls above the front point of the escapement, the overmotion spring comes into play and the parts, including the rubber roll and cam do not become damaged.
The keyboard key rod spring must not be confused with the magazine escapement spring. Each has its purpose and when interchanged the results will not be satisfactory. The key rod spring tension is much heavier than that of the escapement spring and must overcome the resistance offered by the escapement spring at the time the key rod operates the escapement. If used on an escapement the excess stress may result in non-response of the mat- rices and cause the cam to cut a groove in the rubber roll.
Should an escapement spring be used in the key rod as an overmotion spring, it will not have enough tension to overcome the weight of the key rod, the stress of the spring working with the escapement and the friction be- tween the moving parts.
Once in a while a key rod spring will lose its tension or become discon- nected from the hooks. In this case it is easily replaced by taking out the two back screws at the top of the key rod guide, pushing the guide strip away and lifting out the key rod wanted.
The Intertype unit key rod frame is a great convenience to the person taking care of the machine. It encourages the periodical cleaning out of bits of metal, paper, copy clips and other small particles which lodge in and around the lower key rod guide and between the key rods.
On machines A, B, C, D, and X, when replacing the frame, position it side- ways so that the key rods will match the magazine escapements. There is a little play in the upper key rod guide screw holes for this purpose. Looking from the rear the relation of the key rods to the magazine escapements can be observed, while the lower magazine is in operating position.
There is no sidewise adjustment of the key rod frame for the Mixer ma- chine. If a key rod does not register with an escapement rod, bend the top of the rod with a pair of pliers to bring it in line.
Chapter IV
KEYBOARD MAINTENANCE
Keyboard Removal. — From two to four times a year, depending upon the cleanliness and atmospheric conditions in the plant, remove the keyboard cam yoke frames and rollers and thoroughly wash, clean and lubricate the parts.
The first Intertypes made will require a little different treatment in re- moving the keyboard than those now made. The difference is in the method of support for the key rods. In the first type, it is necessary to remove the key rods singly for the reason that the lower guide is not rigid enough to support the rods after both front and rear cam yoke frames are removed.
Removing the keyboard is not a difficult task 'and the following informa- tion constitutes the correct method of proceeding :
Tilt back the magazine cradle.
If the machine is of the first style, turn out the two screws for the upper key rod guide strip (the rear piece) . Lift out the key rods from the machine and lay them in their regular order on a galley or flat tray of some kind. This is important for the reason that no trouble will be encountered due to im- proper working of the key rods if, after cleaning the keyboard, they are re- turned to place exactly as removed from the machine.
If the machine is equipped with the new style key rod frame, turn out the two top screws (front) and lift the assembled frame from its bearing and set it aside.
Remove the cam yoke frame covers, the keyboard driving belt, the copy tray and take out the end screws in the cam yoke frames. Lift off both the front and rear assembled frames.
Next in order will be to disconnect the lever link from the assembling elevator, detach the assembling elevator counterbalance spring, drive out the taper pin in the assembling elevator handle and pull out the shaft. Take out the small hexagon head screw at the right side of the keyboard post where it fastens the frame to the intermediate bracket and loosen the two screws in the keyboard base. Sit down and place the knees directly underneath the keyboard. Take out the loosened keyboard base screws, lift off the keyboard and take it to the work bench or table.
Dismantling the Keyboard. — Position the keyboard on the bench with the rear end toward you and at a higher level than the front end. Remove the banking bar and the keyboard locking bar. Lift out the spaceband key lever. Be careful not to stretch the tension of the spaceband key bar spring. Take out the key bars and place them upon a galley in the order of their removal. Next turn the keyboard around and remove the fulcrum rods upon which the
KEYBOARD MAINTENANCE 29
key levers are pivoted by taking out the two screws that hold the keeper strip at the right side of the keyboard. Then take out the key levers, one row at a time.
Washing the Parts. — Put one gallon of gasoline in a large pan. Use high test gasoline as low test gasoline in some instances is greasy and it will be difficult to dry the parts thoroughly. Using a stiff fibre brush of good size (at least four inches long), wash all the parts, including the key rod frame. A tooth brush is not an efficient article for this work.
After all the parts have been washed and dried, using compressed air if available for this purpose, look over the key levers and if any rough spots re- main at either end or at the pivot hole, use metal polish to remove any cor- rosion that might cause the parts to work poorly. Vigorously polish the key bars on a pine board having graphite spread upon its surface. Shake surplus graphite from the key bars. Use a small stick of wood and cloth and wipe out all slots in the frame.
Assembling the Keyboard. — The key levers can now be sorted into their six different lengths and reassembled, starting with the lower row. Smooth the fulcrum rods with fine emery cloth and polish with graphite. After the key levers are in place and the keeper strip for the fulcrum rods has been applied, turn the board around and again tilt up the rear end and set the key bars in place in the order in which they were removed. Apply the banking bar and the keyboard locking bar and lever. Replace the spaceband key lever after the keyboard has been put back on the machine.
As mentioned above, the cam yoke frames should be cleaned more often than the keyboard.
Washing the Keyboard Cams. — Lay the cams in high test gasoline in the order in which they are taken from the frame. Use a good-sized fibre brush and brush each cam separately. Wash the rubber rolls in gasoline, and do not forget to wash the frames, especially adjacent to the bearings. The entire frame needs as much attention as the cams themselves do. It is not good practice to take out the keyboard cam yoke bearing screws and try to clean and lubricate the cams in one operation.
If compressed air is not available, dry each cam with a soft cloth. If pos- sible let them lay out to dry over night so as to permit the gasoline to evapo- rate from around the pivots where it cannot be dried with a cloth. Any gaso- line remaining at the pivot will dilute the clock oil. Apply clock oil to each cam pivot between the cam wheel and the yoke. Use a toothpick or instru- ment of similar size and apply the oil sparingly.
Lubricating the Cams. — Use nothing but a high grade of clock oil. The keyboard cam pivots are properly oiled before shipment with the best oil obtainable. Light oils used for guns and sewing machines are not suitable for keyboard cam lubrication because most of them dry out too rapidly. Common machine oil gums and in cool weather it congeals, causing the cams to work in a very sluggish manner. Clock oil is the best for the purpose and
30 THE INTERTYPE
there is no substitute. Usually your jeweler will supply the required oil, or the Intertype Corporation will furnish it on order.
Removing Keyboard Cam Yoke Frames. — Remove the cam yoke frame covers. Remove the keyboard -driving belt. Remove the copy tray from the top of the keyboard. Take out one screw in each end of the frames (four in all) and lift them from the machine.
In case of an early style Intertype it will be necessary to take out the front frame, then block up the lower key rod guide in the center with slugs, a piece of stereotype base or a block of wood. Then the rear cam yoke frame can be removed as outlined.
Replacing Keyboard Cam Yoke Frames. — When returning the cam yoke frames to place, first run the 1/16" trigger locking wire through the extra hole (upper one) in the triggers. This is necessary so that the ball points of the triggers will be held rigidly, and will enter notches in the key bars with- out trouble. When the frames have been screwed to place, pull out each lock- ing wire. The lower wire, which is just like the locking wire which keeps the triggers rigid when replacing the frames, is necessary as a pivot for the trig- gers and if pulled out the cams will not operate.
First Style Side Magazine Unit Keyboard
The first style single magazine side unit carries a 34-channel split maga- zine. There are thirty-four keybuttons. This style keyboard is not power- driven, but matrices are released by direct touch of the keybutton. There are no overmotion springs in the key rods, these rods being made in one piece. The rods are notched at the lower ends and straddle the key levers.
Occasionally clean the parts and lubricate the key lever pivots, and the ends of the levers where they engage the key rods. Use clock oil for the pur- pose. It is well to do this at the time the main keyboard is being cleaned.
Power-Driven Side Magazine Unit Keyboard
Side magazine units now furnished are power-driven, that is, they operate exactly like the main keyboard. The maintenance required is exactly the same as for the main keyboard and it should be cleaned or overhauled at the time the larger keyboard is receiving such attention.
Chapter V
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS
The Intertype escapement consists of two parts — the escapement proper, which is semi-circular in shape, and a small steel coil spring, the function of which is to return the escapement to place after it has been operated by the key rod. The escapement is made of non-corrosive metal, and is designed to have a large bearing surface. The curved inside of the escapement works on a brass bar bearing attached to the magazine. The Intertype escapement mechanism is built as a part of the magazine and each magazine has its in- dividual set of escapements. The same style escapement is used exclusively on all magazines, including the side magazines.
There are seven different sizes of escapements varying from .037" thick to the ones used in the side magazines, the thickest of which are .087". They are made of various thicknesses on account of the different widths of the let- ters running in the magazine channels.
Removal of Escapement. — Occasionally, it may be necessary to remove an escapement that needs polishing or replacement. The following procedure can be used : Remove the magazine from the machine and place the top side up on the work bench or table. Remove the two escapement cover screws at either end of the magazine so the escapement spring cover on the under side of the magazine may be removed. Turn the magazine over and depress all the escapements at one time with the handle of a magazine cleaning brush to relieve the escapement spring tension from the locking rod, and withdraw the escapement locking rod. Any escapement can now be removed. Polish both sides of the escapement by rubbing lightly on fine abrasive cloth laid on a flat surface, then rub the sides with graphite. The escapement is ready to re- turn to place. Polish the escapement locking rod with the abrasive cloth and rub on some graphite. Put the escapement in place and start the locking rod in the groove in the escapement bar. Depress all the escapements with the magazine brush handle and push the locking rod to place.
Application of a New Escapement. — When applying a new escapement, some fitting may have to be done. Select the proper thickness of escapement for the particular magazine channel. Remove any burred edges and polish the sides. Put it in place and rock it by hand, noting whether the front point clears the bottom of the magazine channel. Also the rear point must not rise so high as to interfere with the matrix body passing over it.
It is repeated here that if the speed of the keyboard rubber roll shafts is much in excess of 275 or 280 revolutions per minute, the operator will experi- ence difficulty in getting two letters in succession, that is, two lower case "e" matrices or two lower case "o" matrices. The reason, as has been explained,
32
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 13. — Perspective view of the working parts of keyboard and magazine matrix releasing mechanism used on the C Intertype. The first magazine, which is in operating position, has been cut away to show matrices resting in normal position. The first matrix is held by its upper back ear against the front point of the escapement. All the matrices above the first one are sup- ported in the magazine channel by the first matrix.
lies in the fact that the escapement points alternate so rapidly that the second matrix cannot slide fast enough by gravity over the front escapement point. If the machine is speeded up with a large motor pinion without reducing
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS
33
the speed of the keyboard rubber roll shafts, trouble may result in that two letters of the same kind may not be delivered in succession. Burned-out coils in the motor armature may also produce this trouble because of increased motor speed.
The proper speed of the machine is from six and one-half to seven lines per minute.
In Fig. 14, the shoulder on lug 1 limits the upstroke of the escapement against the magazine. The front lug regulates the normal position of the es- capement through the action of the spring 3 which causes the lug to bank against the bottom of the magazine.
Should the escapement keeper rod 4 be bent or kinked it will prevent free action of the escapements. In this event, lay the keeper rod on an iron sur- face and while rolling it with one hand, tap it gently with a light hammer. Then rub some dry graphite on the rod and put it back in place.
FIG. 14.— As has been previously explained, in order to release a matrix from the magazine, key rod 5 which has been caused to make an upward stroke, due to the action of the keyboard cam, presses against lug 1 of the escapement, rocking the escapement 6, causing the front escapement point to make a down- ward stroke releasing the first matrix, which slides out of the magazine by gravity. As the front escapement point descends the rear point rises. ] this action the second matrix slides forward until its upper back ear banks against the rear escapement point and is held in that position until the first matrix has left the magazine. As the keyboard cam permits the key rod 5 to recede, the escapement 6 is returned to normal position again by spring 3, and the matrix will slide forward to a position like that shown in Fig. Id.
34 THE INTERTYPE
If some of the heavier matrices, such as the em quad, em leader, capitals M or W, drop into the assembler without being released by depressing a key- board keybutton, the cause may be found by observing the action when the heavy matrix is being distributed. If upon striking the top matrix in the channel, the first one at the lower end of the magazine bounces out into the assembler entrance, it may be that the escapement spring tension is too weak. The same effect may be obtained when the magazine cradle is tilted forward and returned to operating position from the back of the machine. The spring tension can be increased by cutting off two or three coils. This, condition, however, is not likely to occur except in rare cases after the magazine has been in use for a long time.
Assuming the spring tension to be all right and the first matrix jumps over the front escapement point, examine the escapement to make sure it is not sticking or that the front point is not worn down.
The Magazine
The containers for matrices are called magazines and there are about eighteen different kinds. They all have the same general appearance from the outside, but are modified to suit the purpose for which they are intended and the country in which they are to be used. Among the different types are the main or standard, the split, side, foreign and some specials. The general shape of the main magazine is trapezoidal. All side magazines are rectangu- lar in shape.
The main magazine consists of a number of parts, the most important of which are the top and bottom channel plates. Grooves are cut in these brass plates to carry the matrices. Each groove is cut for a certain size matrix, and corresponding grooves in each of the plates must match exactly; they must be parallel and alike in dimensions throughout. To insure obtaining the required accuracy, a special automatic machine is used to cut these grooves.
The top of the main magazine is flared to provide good distribution. None of the grooves come to one center point. They vary from three to ten degrees. The size of the grooves conforms to the size of the matrices, that is, the lower case "i" does not take up as much space as the letter "w," and its groove or channel is therefore not as wide. There are a few thousandths clearance at the bottom of the plates so that the matrices will drop out easily. On ac- count of the grooving in the plates, they would buckle if they were not re- inforced, and for this reason each magazine has a series of cross bars to hold the channel plates straight. The position of the top cross bar is most impor- tant as it holds the magazine in exact alignment.
There are partitions inside the magazine .065" wide, to hold the channel plates apart and to keep them in line.
In tilting the cradle back when changing magazines, matrices would slide out of the upper end of the magazine if it were not for the automatic cover or shutter which is always closed over any magazine not being used. There are two cams at the top of the distributor bracket and two suitable
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS 35
levers automatically operate these cams and open the shutter when the mag- azine desired for use comes to operating position.
On the bottom of the lower plate of each magazine there are two rows of perforations, through which the escapement points project. The escapement bar has ninety-one semi-circular grooves on each side into which the escape- ments fit.
In order to keep the escapements in place springs are attached to the es- capement spring bar, which has hooks on the rear edge. The escapement spring bar is covered by a guard so that the springs will not be damaged.
The escapement cover has no grooves but provides clearance for matrices to fall freely from the magazine. When matrices slide forward they are guided by the grooved bottom plate. Momentum of the matrices keeps them moving.
A main magazine filled with eight point matrices weighs about 73 pounds. An empty magazine weighs 55 pounds.
Sizes of Escapements for Main Magazines A, B, C, D, E and X
Character Chan. No. Size Character Chan. No. Size Character Chan. No. Size
|
g |
0 |
.047 |
ffl |
31 |
.087 |
E |
. .. 61 |
087 |
|
g |
1 |
.047 |
Em Space .... |
3? |
.087 |
T |
... 62 |
077 |
|
t |
2 |
.047 |
Comma |
33 |
.037 |
A |
.. . 63 |
087 |
|
a |
3 |
.057 |
Period |
34 |
.037 |
O |
.. . 64 |
.077 |
|
o |
4 |
.047 |
Colon |
35 |
.047 |
I |
.. . 65 |
.057 |
|
i |
5 |
.037 |
Semi-colon . . . |
36 |
.047 |
N |
.. . 66 |
.087 |
|
n ... |
6 |
.057 |
f |
37 |
.057 |
S |
.. . 67 |
.067 |
|
s . . |
7 |
.047 |
En Space |
38 |
.047 |
H |
... 68 |
.087 |
|
h |
8 |
.057 |
( |
39 |
.037 |
R |
... 69 |
.087 |
|
f |
9 |
.047 |
| |
40 |
.037 |
D |
... 70 |
.087 |
|
d |
. 10 |
.057 |
Quote |
41 |
.037 |
L |
... 71 |
.077 |
|
1 |
11 |
.037 |
! |
42 |
.047 |
U |
... 72 |
.087 |
|
u |
. . . 12 |
.067 |
Hyphen |
43 |
.037 |
C |
... 73 |
.067 |
|
Q |
13 |
.057 |
Thin Space . . . |
44 |
.037 |
M |
... 74 |
.087 |
|
m |
. .. 14 |
.087 |
) |
45 |
.037 |
F |
... 75 |
.077 |
|
f - |
. .. 15 |
.047 |
En Leader . . . |
46 |
.047 |
W |
.. . 76 |
.087 |
|
w |
. .. 16 |
.087 |
Apostrophe . . |
47 |
.037 |
Y |
.. . 77 |
.087 |
|
v . |
. . . 17 |
.057 |
# |
48 |
.047 |
P |
... 78 |
.077 |
|
. . . 18 |
.057 |
1 |
49 |
.047 |
V |
.. . 79 |
.087 |
|
|
V |
. .. 19 |
.057 |
2 |
50 |
.047 |
B |
... 80 |
.077 |
|
b |
. . . 20 |
.057 |
3 |
51 |
.047 |
G |
.. . 81 |
.077 |
|
g |
. .. 21 |
.057 |
4 |
52 |
.047 |
K . .' |
... 82 |
.087 |
|
k |
. . . 22 |
.067 |
5 |
53 |
.047 |
Q |
... 83 |
.077 |
|
. . . 23 |
.057 |
6 |
54 |
.047 |
J |
... 84 |
.057 |
|
|
i |
. . . 24 |
.037 |
7 |
55 |
.047 |
X |
... 85 |
.087 |
|
x ... |
. . . 25 |
.067 |
8 |
56 |
.047 |
Z |
... 86 |
.067 |
|
z ... |
. . . 26 |
.047 |
9 |
57 |
.047 |
@ |
... 87 |
.087 |
|
fi |
. . . 27 |
.057 |
0 |
58 |
.047 |
Tb |
... 88 |
.087 |
|
fl |
. . 28 |
.057 |
$ |
59 |
.047 |
& |
... 89 |
.057 |
|
ff |
... 29 |
.067 |
Em Leader . . . |
60 |
.087 |
Em Dash . . |
... 90 |
.087 |
|
ffi |
.. . 30 |
.087 |
Split Magazines
Another type of magazine is called a split, the combined sections of which )per and lower) equal a regular magazine. The magazine accommodates
(upper
36 THE INTERTYPE
sets of display matrices usually from twelve points and up to the larger sizes. The upper half of a split magazine is similar to the upper part of a regular main magazine. The small strip-like lid attached to the upper half can be lifted before changing the magazine so as to observe whether there are any matrices projecting above the top of the split. Split magazines, if used on Equipments A, B, C or E are 90-channel, and if used on Equipment D, will be 72-channel. There is a special split magazine with narrow channels for Lining Gothic and other small-face matrix fonts.
Side Magazines
The matrix channels of side magazines run straight and parallel the length of the magazine, instead of at an angle as in the main magazines, and carry about eight matrices per channel, or 200 per set. The escapements used in the side magazines are exactly like those for the main magazine.
All side magazines are split. Those now made can be used for composition of large display faces up to and including sixty point face, having a maxi- mum letter width of one-half inch, with maximum matrix lugs .090" thick. Faces for display in smaller sizes can also be used in side magazines, or they may be equipped to carry special characters for various kinds of intricate composition requiring a large number of mathematical signs and figures.
Side Unit No. 1 has one 3^-channel narrow magazine. This unit is a single magazine equipment. The magazine is removable for changing from one to another by simply lifting from the machine. The escapements retain the mat- rices at the lower end. The top of the magazine, however, must not be in- verted when lifted from the machine as it is not fitted with a shutter to keep the matrices from sliding out through the top.
Side Unit No. la has one 30-channel magazine. This unit is a single maga- zine equipment. The magazine is removable for changing from one to another by simply lifting from the machine, the same* as Side Unit No. 1.
Side Unit No. 2 equipment consists of three magazines of 30 channels each, mounted in triangular form upon a frame. A lever placed in a con- venient position enables the operator to lift up the counterbalanced frame holding the three magazines, and revolve the frame so that the desired mag- azine is turned to the bottom horizontal position. The lever may then be low- ered and the magazine will be in operating position.
Side Unit No. 3 having 3^-channel magazines, can be added to any Stand- ardized Intertype at the factory or in any composing room. For Intertypes A, B, C and D side unit No. 3 is furnished with one or three magazines; for Intertype E (Mixer) two or four magazines.
This side unit applied to the Mixer machine with the tripod, gives four magazines on the side. Including the two main magazines, this makes a total of six magazines on the machine ready for use.
The full side equipment for Intertypes A, B, C and D consists of three 34- channel magazines mounted in triangular form upon a tripod frame. A lever
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS 37
placed in a convenient position enables the operator to lift up the counter- balanced frame holding the three magazines; the frame is then revolved so that the desired magazine is turned to bottom horizontal position. When the lever is lowered the magazine will be in operating position.
On Equipment E Intertypes, a fourth magazine is mounted in a frame directly under the tripod and receives its matrices from the lower distributor. The matrix width and capacity ranges from the thinnest matrices made up to and including the maximum width matrix (one-half inch).
Handling Magazines
Always place a main magazine in the rack or storage place lower end up. Do not bump or jar magazines unnecessarily. It is possible to spring them, which will interfere with the free dropping of matrices. In case of split and side magazines always handle them with the lower end down. These types of magazines are not equipped with shutters as are the main magazines.
Changing Magazines
Equipment A. — Throw back channel entrance. Pull magazine frame back and downward. Remove magazine. Place another on the frame, and rock it forward to operating position. Close channel entrance.
Equipment B. — Throw channel entrance to open position. Turn magazine frame operating lever back so top magazine will be in operating position. Tilt the frame backward from the rear of the machine and lift off the maga- zine to be changed. After substituting magazines, tilt the frame forward again, turn frame operating lever, except in case the upper magazine is to be used, then close channel entrance.
Equipment C. — Throw channel entrance back. Turn magazine frame oper- ating lever or "cradle crank" as it is sometimes called, until upper magazine is in operating position. Raise magazine frame cradle latch and lower cradle backwardly from the rear of the machine. Lift off magazine and replace with another. Lift cradle up and turn frame operating lever until magazine to be used is in operating position. Close the channel entrance.
Equipment D. — The same in all respects as changing magazines on Equip- ment C, except that in case there is a split magazine in the cradle top the split is changed by merely lifting it from the machine, when the cradle is in any of its three positions.
Equipment E.— Throw channel entrance auxiliary stop. Pull channel en- trance open, until it rests upon the stop. Lower magazine frame until safety hook catches in distributor bracket. Remove magazine. After replacing mag- azine, lift out safety hook and raise frame to operating position. Close chan- nel entrance and throw auxiliary stop to the left. It will be noticed that as the magazine frame is lowered when changing magazines the shutters for both upper and lower magazines close almost instantly. One cam works the shutter lever and a link connects levers for both magazines.
38 THE INTERTYPE
Model X (Two-magazine). — To remove the top magazine, open the chan- nel entrance and close the upper magazine shutter by pulling out on both shutter finger stops or catches. This will permit the shutter fingers to rise, whereupon the shutter will close. The magazine may then be lifted out of the frame from the front of the machine. It will be noted that the sides of the cradle are cut out to provide for a good hold on the magazine when changes are made. To remove the lower magazine, first remove the upper magazine as directed above, then shift the lower magazine to operating position by the magazine frame operating lever; close the lower magazine shutter by trip- ping the two shutter finger latches which hold the lower shutter down through the medium of the left and right-hand shutter fingers, after which the lower magazine may be lifted out of the frame from the front of the machine. When a split magazine is used on the upper deck, the split magazine support lies across the frame supporting the upper end of the lower split (split maga- zine), and must be lifted out before changing the lower magazine.
Side Unit Nos. 1 and la. — Simply lift the magazine from the machine and replace with another. However, hold the magazine in an upright position as it is not provided with a shutter to close the top.
Side Unit No. 2. — Simply push magazine from the bottom to disengage locking lugs and lift from triangular frame. The magazine to be removed must not be in bottom position when removed.
Side Unit No. 3. — Turn the tripod until the magazine to be changed is in upper right position. Push magazine from the bottom to disengage locking lugs and lift from the frame. The magazine to be removed must not be in bottom position when removed. The lower magazine for the back distributor on the Mixer machine can be removed by first starting it out by pulling a convenient lever called the lower magazine elevator bar, which will start the magazine, from which point it can be pulled out sideways from the frame. Hold these magazines with the top end up as they are not equipped with shutters. After placing another magazine upon the tripod frame pull down- ward so the lugs will lock tightly on the frame.
Cleaning Magazines and Matrices
Magazines and matrices should be cleaned at regular intervals. No defi- nite frequency can be given in this book, because of the varying conditions under which machines are operated, their location in printing plants and the climatic conditions according to location in various parts of the world.
Caution. — Remember that the cleaning of matrices and magazines will not be necessary to any extent if you do not carelessly apply oil in excessive amounts to distributor bearings or other parts so that it will overflow to the paths traveled by the matrices through the machine.
If it becomes necessary to clean matrices, run them out of the magazine and place them edgewise on a pine tray, having grooves which hold them at
MAGAZINES AND ESCAPEMENTS
39
an angle. Such a tray is furnished by the Intertype Corporation, but if not available, use regular type galleys.
The lugs of matrices that have not been fouled with oil can be polished with a typewriter eraser or electrotyper's polishing square. Be careful not to push the rubber used for cleaning into the mold cells of the matrices. A discoloration near the mold cells of the matrices will do no harm. If the matrices are fouled with oil it will be necessary to wipe them with a cloth to remove the oil.
It is best to place the magazine on a convenient bench or table. Remove the escapement cover and turn the magazine over. Block up the shutter with small wooden blocks, shown at 1, Fig. 15. The magazine should be brushed out with the magazine cleaning brush. After brushing the dust and dirt loose, saturate the brush with cleaning fluid and squirt some into that section of the magazine that is receiving attention, then pass on to the next section.
Give particular attention to the top channel plate. If the magazine has not been cleaned for some time, small patches of gummy substance will ac-
FIG. 15.-Magazine in position while being brushed out to remove dirt and foreign substances that accumulate after a period of use. The two blocks I unde? the shutter springs hold the shutter clear of ^WW™* azine so that the cleaning brush may be freely passed through the
40 THE INTERTYPE
cumulate in the channels, 2, spaced l1/^" apart (the length of a matrix), and if these are not removed they will interfere with the rapid sliding of matrices, especially by a fast operator on double letters.
High test gasoline may be used for cleaning purposes. Benzol and carbon tetrachloride are also good agents because they evaporate quickly. If high test gasoline is used, brush the magazine until it is thoroughly dry.
Matrix response will not be improved if the greasy residue from the gaso- line has not been removed from the channels. Next hold a light at one end of the magazine and look through to see if any hairs from the brush, shown at 3, have caught between the partitions and the channel plates, or in the region of the escapements. These can be broken off with the matrix hook. Do not take the magazine apart to remove the hairs.
After reassembling the escapement cover and escapement spring guard, and the blocks 1 used to hold up the shutter have been removed, return the magazine to its frame on the machine.
Cleaning the Distributor Screws. — While running under power, clean the distributor screws with strips of cloth saturated with high test gasoline. If the channel entrance is opened, hang a weight on the distributor clutch lever. Also cover the channel and magazine entrances with paper or cloth while cleaning the screws.
The magazine is now ready to receive the matrices that have been cleaned. Grasp about two or three inches of matrices, pull out the shifter and slide them onto the second-elevator bar, with the distributor running and repeat the process until the entire set has been returned to the magazine.
The pi stacker and pi matrices should always be cleaned at the time of cleaning the magazine and matrices.
Procure a thin stick of wood and wrap a clean cloth around the end. Satu- rate the swab with the cleaning fluid employed in cleaning the magazine and thoroughly wipe the assembler entrance plate, guides and the inside of the cover.
Bear in mind that it will not be necessary to dismantle a magazine at any time. It might be unpreventable in case the machine has passed through a fire or flood or if some special machine work is required. Under normal con- ditions nothing can be gained by taking apart a piece of machinery that would be difficult to reassemble properly without equipment designed espe- cially for the purpose.
Chapter VI
SPACEBANDS AND SPACEBAND BOX
Spacebands are used on the Intertype as a means of providing spaces be- tween matrix groups so that the words in the printed line may be evenly separated and easily distinguished; secondly, they furnish a means of justi- fying each matrix line before the slug is cast so that each line will be exactly the length desired; thirdly, they lock the matrices tightly between two jaws so that molten metal cannot enter between the matrices.
Spacebands are deposited in a separate magazine or box at the left of the main magazine and just above the assembling elevator. Be- ing of a radically different shape than matrices, another means of returning them to the box must be used. The distance from the space- band box to the star wheel is much shorter than the distance from the magazine to the star wheel and an entirely separate mechanism is em- ployed to release the spacebands than that which releases the mat- rices.
FIG. 16. — Opened view of the space- band box, showing how the space- bands stand at normal position, against releasing plunger 3. The spacebands rest upon the slanting floor of the box and the sleeve ears are supported by two inclined rails at the top of the box.
FIG.
The length of the spaceband is about four inches. It consists principally of two parts, the long wedge or "band" and a sleeve with lugs or ears. The sleeve is dovetailed and slides in a slot in the band or long wedge. Space- bands must always be put in the machine with the sleeve or short section to the right. The reason for this is that the rear or casting edge of the sleeve is about .001" thicker than the front edge, so as to provide a tight lockup of the spacebands and matrices during the cast. The sleeves are also slightly hol- lowed in the middle as an additional safeguard for tight casting lockup. If spacebands are turned with the short sleeve to the left of the band or long
42
THE INTERTYPE
wedge part, hair lines may appear in the print and the matrix side walls will be ruined.
A regular (thick) spaceband with the sleeve at the top of the long wedge, measures .038" normally. When the sleeve is at the bottom of the long wedge the spaceband will measure .098". From this it will be seen that the band has •an expansive power of about .060" or slightly more than four points.
Spacebands are made in four thicknesses: extra thin, thin, thick and ex- tra thick. For general composition, either thick, thin, or extra thin space- bands are used, in the discretion of the typographer. Extra thick or "jumbo" spacebands are used in display composition. Extra thin spacebands were
used in the composition of this book. They are best for small type composition and narrow measures.
The two outside surfaces of a spaceband are always parallel. The two inside surfaces are ta- pered and the long wedge slides against the short sleeve. They are supported in the machine by lugs or ears at the top of the short slide or sleeve. Spacebands have no combination teeth.
FIG. 17. — The spaceband key lever 1 has depressed releasing pawl 2 which causes releasing plunger 3 to be withdrawn from the front of the spacebands. The spacebands slide forward until the first one banks against bank-
FIG. 17
Spaceband Box
The Release of a Spaceband. — The action taking place to effect the re- lease of a spaceband is as follows:
The key lever 1, Fig. 16, rocks the pawl 2, which in turn withdraws the plunger 3 from in front of the spaceband and against which the band has been resting. The first spaceband slides forward and stops against banking pin 5, and directly in front of the end of the releasing plunger 3 which has retreated into the back plate of the box. The pressure of lever 1 against pawl 2 is now released by the action of the keyboard parts, and releasing pawl spring 4 pulls the pawl 2 back into normal position. This, of course, causes plunger 3 to push the lower end of the spaceband toward the front plate of the spaceband box, from which point it drops by gravity into the chute for delivery into the assembling elevator.
SPACEBANDS AND SPACEBAND BOX
43
Spaceband Box Troubles
The Intertype spaceband box under normal conditions, gives no trouble of any kind. Occasionally, excess oil in the vise justification apparatus or the as- sembler bearings will foul the lower ends of the long wedges. Naturally oil and graphite will form a gummy accumulation in the "floor" of the box and interfere with timely dropping of the spacebands. In case they do not slide forward promptly, clean the floor of the box. This can be done without re- moving the box from the machine. Use a cloth saturated with high test gaso- line or benzol fashioned into a swab on the end of a slender stick of wood or a matrix hook.
When the releasing plunger retreats into the hole in the back plate of the box, it must clear the edge of the hole and on coming back into normal posi- tion the point of the plunger must advance a little ahead or beyond the end of the banking pin so as to throw the spaceband clear of the banking pin. In order to obtain these two conditions of
FIG. 18. — The spaceband key lever 1 has made its downstroke and now rises to normal position. This permits spring 4 through connection with pawl 2 to force releasing plunger 3 against the side of the spaceband, the lower end of which has fallen forward against banking pin 5, forcing the lower end of the spaceband clear of the banking pin 5. The adjusting block 6 prevents the second spaceband from deliver- ing through friction.
There is just room enough for one spaceband to be released over the end of the adjusting block.
FIG. 18
the forward and back strokes of the releasing plunger, first give attention to the back stroke.
Remove the spacebands from the box, throw off the keyboard belt, depress the spaceband key and turn the rubber roll shaft slowly by hand. When the spaceband cam yoke has reached its highest stroke and the key lever is at its lowest point, see if the end of the plunger clears the hole in the back plate. A groove cut in the rubber roll under the spaceband cam will prevent the pawl from making its full stroke.
It will be noticed that when the key rod lever is standing in normal posi- tion, it has some lost motion. This is intentional for the reason that the releas-
44
THE INTERTYPE
ing plunger in the box is thus permitted to make its full stroke toward the front of the spaceband box.
If the stroke of the lever does not cause the pawl to clear the edge of the hole in the back plate of the box, the lever can be bent slightly to cause it to do so, but first see that the rubber roll is full diameter and round under the spaceband cam. If bending the lever is necessary, bend it only enough to ac- complish the required adjustment. Too much of a bend will set up a strain at high stroke of the spaceband cam and cut a groove in the rubber roll.
The spaceband key lever key rods now applied are made in two pieces and
contain an overmotion spring like the regular key rods. The spring provides a cushion so that there will be no undue strain upon the rubber roll at the extreme upstroke of the key rod.
A loosened rivet in the lower edge of the long wedge will cause hesi- tating delivery.
A slightly bent spaceband cannot be released because it will not be positioned in front of the releasing plunger.
A sleeve or short wedge that binds in the top of the long wedge, due to accident will cause hesitating delivery from the box. Sleeves must 4 slide freely the entire length of the spaceband or groove in the long wedge.
FIG. 19. — The spaceband now falls by gravity into the spaceband box chute and from there into the as- sembling elevator. The other space- bands in the box rest in position as FIG 19 shown in Fig. 16.
After a long period of use, the top rails and angular guide block in the upper plate may possibly have notches worn in their faces where the lugs of sleeves pass. Stone out the notches.
Adjusting the Spaceband Box Plate for Various Thicknesses of Space- bands. — The adjusting plate 6, Fig. 16, is movable to prevent the delivery of more than one spaceband at a time, that is, it partly covers the second space- band so that it cannot start to slide out due to friction when the first one is being pushed towards the front plate of the box. This plate is also movable so that it can be adjusted to accommodate spacebands of different thick-
SPACEBANDS AND SPACEBAND BOX 45
nesses. Adjustment of the plate is made by turning the rubber roll shaft slowly until the releasing plunger has made its full back stroke and the first spaceband has fallen against the banking pin 5. Stop the rotation of the rubber roll shaft and loosen the plate screw. Adjust the plate until it covers about one-half of the second spaceband, then tighten the screw.
The center bar is located at the top of the box, suspended by a bracket over the spacebands. This bar helps guide the bands down into proper posi- tion, or deflect the tops, should any of them have a tendency to slip from the top rails. There is no adjustment for the bar.
Spaceband Box Removal
To remove the spaceband box from the machine, pass all the bands into the transfer channel or lift them out. Shut off the controlling lever. Back the machine until the second elevator is resting on the safety hook. Trip the delivery slide lever. Trip the spaceband transfer lever by depressing the transfer slide releasing lever and the safety catch at the left of the transfer slide and let the transfer and spaceband levers come together in the transfer channel. The reason for moving the spaceband transfer lever pawl into the transfer channel is to hold up the pawl so that the pawl spring will not drop out after removal of the box.
One large screw in the spaceband box back plate holds the box in position on the face plate. Take out this screw and lift off the box. When removing the box be careful not to kink or twist the ends of the top rails where they fit into the transfer channel.
Lubricating First Style Releasing Pawl Spring
For a time spaceband boxes were provided with a releasing pawl spring of the compression type, working in a pocket, and with a small pilot plunger between the spring and pawl. This device requires occasional lubrication and it is necessary to remove the box in order to put a small grease pill inside the spring coils. Once in six months remove the box from the machine and put the pill of graphite grease within the releasing pawl spring coils. This will provide sufficient lubrication to keep the parts working smoothly.
The new style releasing pawl spring is of the tension type, shown at 4, Fig. 16. It should have sufficient tension to throw the lower end of a space- band from the banking pin to the front of the box so the spaceband can drop of its own weight. An occasional drop of oil on the releasing pawl pivot is essential.
Spaceband Box Top Rails
The top rails must fit neatly against the transfer channel front and back plate so they will not obstruct the free passage of spacebands into the box. Remove the box so as to fit the rails properly in case they have been twisted.
46
THE INTER/TYPE
FIG. 20. — Detail drawings of the spaceband box chute.
Spaceband Box Chute
The spaceband box chute has a plate 1, Fig. 20, the lower lip of which can be bent in or out to accommodate various thicknesses of spacebands. If regu- lar thick bands are in use, it is best to adjust the lower end so it will be even with the side pieces of the chute.
There is a lip in the lower end of the spaceband box chute 2, for the same purpose. Instructions in the above paragraph apply.
Looking into the lower end of the chute at 3, it will be noticed that the side pieces are beveled. After long use spacebands may wear off the receding bevel, which is intended to crowd spacebands against the long chute plate to the right of the chute. Take the chute apart and stone the bevels to original slope.
Polishing Spacebands
During every eight-hour run or fraction of that time, it will be necessary to polish the spacebands on a pine board having graphite sprinkled over its surface, for two reasons: First, to remove a small oxide stain on the sleeve
SPACEBANDS AND SPACEBAND BOX 47
at the casting point, and second, to provide lubrication for the long sliding wedge of the spaceband so as to reduce friction between the sleeve and the wedge, and the matrices.
A pine board about one foot long and six or eight inches wide is suitable. Renew the board when a slight depression shows, from the rubbing of the bands. The board can be mounted in a box for cleanliness.
The stain or oxide accumulating at the casting edge of the sleeve must be removed. First scrape off any metal that may have adhered at this point. Use a piece of brass rule. Tools made of harder metal should not be employed for this purpose as they will injure the face of the sleeve.
Use Dry Graphite to Polish Spacebands. — Whether the spacebands are polished by hand or by one of the machines now on the market, use nothing for the polishing medium but Dixon's No. 635 dry graphite. Other polishing agencies have been experimented with in the past, but graphite is the best for the purpose. Shun powdered soapstone, flour of mica and other so-called polishing compounds. These have their proper uses but are not suitable for polishing spacebands. Rest assured that the Intertype Corporation, with its experimental department constantly searching for new methods and devising new ways and means of improving the machine it makes, will announce any process that will help to better its product.
Always return spacebands to the machine with the short sleeve turned to the right.
Chapter VII
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES
The assembler entrance, like other parts of the Intertype, has been im- proved as the necessity for increased capacity has demanded, or a new fea- ture has been found to improve the action of the machine.
The assembler entrance represents a means of guiding matrices from the magazine to a common point in the assembler and is the connecting link be- tween the parts.
The entrance consists of a plate, to which are fastened twenty-eight guides which prevent the matrices twisting as they drop from the magazine to the rapidly traveling belt which conveys them to the assembler proper.
Equipments A, B, C and D are all provided with the same type assembler entrance. Intertype E has its own double entrance which will be described later.
The First Assembler Entrance has a two-piece plate. The guides are fast- ened to the plate by means of eye extensions, these latter passing through slots in the plate and suitable locking rods inserted in the eyes at the back to hold them rigidly to the plate. Some of the longer guides at the left-hand lower side are anchored with lugs entering split nuts in the plate.
This first assembler entrance has full-shaped guides — that is, the guides are full and round at the top. The lower ends are not equipped with extremely thin extensions or "feathers." The tops should have knife edges so as to offer the least obstruction to matrices passing from the magazine. The lower ends should be slightly curved toward the star wheel so that in falling, matrices will be deflected from a vertical position and strike the matrix belt obliquely.
Special attention should be given assembler entrance guide No. 1 (the longest of the group) just under the chute spring or finger. The lower end of this guide should be so curved with the pliers that the thickest capital W used on the machine will pass at 1, Fig. 21, under it without much clearance. Giv- ing this small amount of attention to the guide will help wonderfully in pre- venting matrices jumping out of the assembler.
The Matrix Belt 3 should have enough tension to eliminate all whip or looseness. The idler pulley 2 is adjustable for this purpose. Loosen the nut 4 shown in the small detail drawing, and move the stud up in its slot, then tighten the nut. The matrix delivery belt supporting plate 5 should be per- fectly straight. It should not interfere with the free motion of the belt. The plate is slightly adjustable for clearance 'with the belt. Occasionally, the ex- treme ends may become bent and interfere with the belt, causing it to drag. Straighten the supporting plate ends with pliers.
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES
49
FIG. 21. — First style assembler entrance.
If a matrix from any of the last few magazine channels drops through be- tween the belt and the entrance cover, bend the last entrance guide upwards and to the left a little to give support. This will also deflect matrices properly to the belt.
Give the assembler entrance and inner side of the cover a thorough clean- ing once in a while. Use a cloth saturated with high test gasoline or benzol fashioned into a swab on the end of a stick.
There is a thin spring metal piece or plate fastened at the top of the as- sembler entrance cover, called a spring cushion, shown at 6, Fig. 21. This provides a springy banking against which matrices strike immediately after leaving the magazine. After several years this spring cushion should be re- placed, owing to the fact that the matrices will wear little grooves or dents in the cushion and sometimes cause transpositions. Replacement is the only remedy, since trying to flatten out the hollow places from the opposite side will buckle the metal around the dent, and thus cause even greater troubles.
Removing First Style Guide. — Owing to carelessness or accident when working around the machine, a guide may need replacing. In this event any guide can be removed by withdrawing the two locking wires to the right at
50
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 22. — New style positive assembler entrance.
the back of the entrance plate, which will permit the guide to be taken out. If it is necessary to remove the entire assembler entrance, tilt back the magazine frame, remove the chute spring and plate, throw off the assembler belt, disconnect the spaceband key rod from the key rod lever by taking out the eye pin and unscrew the spaceband box lever stud or pivot. About half way between and just above the matrix delivery belt there is a blind screw (no slot in the head) and a slotted nut, which can be reached and turned out by passing a screw driver between the key rods from the rear, and after the nut has been taken off, the screw can be pushed toward the front from the rear of the plate. The main screws can now be removed, two at each side at the top and two in the lower part of the plate.
New Style Assembler Entrance — A, B, C and D
The new style assembler entrance has one plate to support the partitions or guides, instead of two, as in the first style entrance.
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES 51
The method of fastening guides to the plate is the same — locking rods passing into eye extensions projecting through slots cut in the plate.
Adjustment of New Style Assembler Entrance. — The plate is mounted on a sturdy iron frame. The entire entrance is adjustable in relation to the mag- azine by means of screws 3 and 3', Fig. 22. The adjustment can be made by loosening screws 1, 1' and 2; screw 2 can be loosened by passing a screw driver between the key rods from the rear of the assembler entrance plate. Then turn screws 3 and 3' until the top edge of the plate is a trifle below the beveled edge of the magazine lower channel plate. If positioned too low in relation to the magazine, matrices will not drop sharply as they leave the magazine, and it is obvious that if the top edge of the assembler entrance plate is too high in relation to the magazine it will obstruct the free passage of matrices. On three-magazine machines a general average can be found so that the entrance plate will be positioned below the lower channel plates of all magazines. The three anchor screws 1, 1' and 2 can now be tightened.
Screws 4 and 4' are intended to serve as supports for the top part of the assembler entrance guide plate and do not require adjustment after the ma- chine has left the factory.
The upper ends of the partitions have been cut away so as to leave a small portion of the guides extending toward the magazine. This permits the free passage of large-bodied matrices. The ends of the guides are slightly adjust- able sidewise to provide clearance for thick matrices.
Some assembler entrances have been applied with guides having thin metal extensions or "feathers" fastened to the lower ends. These extensions are flexible and direct the matrices to the belt. If an occasional feather should become cracked or broken the matrices passing by that particular guide will perform funny antics and a new feather can be soldered on, or a new guide put in. The feathers should be curved slightly in the general di- rection of the star wheel.
Adjustment of the Matrix Belt. — The matrix belt is adjusted for tension by means of the nut at the rear of the idler pulley stud 6, Fig. 22. The nut should be adjusted so as to eliminate all whipping motion of the belt.
Occasionally use high test gasoline or benzol to clean the belt supporting plate and the entrance guide plate, as well as the inside of the cover.
See that the matrix delivery belt supporting plate 8 is not positioned so high as to drag the belt 7.
E-s.m. Assembler Entrance
The assembler entrance on the E machine consists of two distinct parts, upper and lower entrances; one each for the two main magazines, converging to a common point above another or vertical entrance where matrices from both magazines pass on their way to the assembler. The two upper entrances are fixed as to position and are not adjustable. The vertical or lower assem-
FIG. 23.— Portion of the Mixer lower assembler entrance with parts broken away for explanatory purposes.
bier entrance is adjustable to be in line with the two upper entrances and when once set the adjustment is permanent.
The upper magazine escapement rods pass through slots in the lower as- sembler entrance. The rods which operate the upper magazine escapements are set far enough away from the lower magazine so that they do not inter- fere with any of the matrices coming from the lower magazine.
The Mixer assembler entrances require occasional treatment so that mat- rices will pass unhesitatingly through the entrance channels after leaving the magazine.
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES
53
In Fig. 23 a portion of the lower assembler entrance is shown. Along its upper edge at 2 the lower assembler entrance top plate- is slotted at intervals throughout its width, and the escapement rods 5 for the upper magazine ex- tend upwards from these slots which permits free removal and replacement of the top plate after the locking rod 4 has been withdrawn.
The edges 2 of the lower assembler entrance upper plate should be slightly curved upward to prevent matrices striking them as they pass.
Cleaning the Entrance. — If necessary, clean the lower assembler entrance plate 1 between the guides 3 so that any gummy accumulation which might retard the speed of matrices will be removed. A wiping cloth fashioned into a swab on the end of a wooden stick, saturated with high test gasoline or benzol may be used for this purpose.
The lower assembler entrance upper guides indicated at 3 are split at the lower end to form a protective sheath against matrices striking the escape- ment rods 5. The split part of the upper guide must not become bent so as to
FIG. 24.— Mixer assembler entrance.
54 THE INTERTYPE
obstruct the free passage of matrices. Careless use of a screw driver in re- moving clogged matrices can spring or distort the split part of the guide.
The lower or vertical entrance plate is slightly adjustable for in or out position in relation to the upper entrance by means of the two screws 1 and 1, Fig. 24. Before adjusting them, however, loosen the two plate binding screws 2 and 2, and a third screw which can be reached with a screw driver from between the keyrods at the back. The adjustment is correct when the upper edge of the lower assembler plate is in line with the lower edge of the assembler entrance. This adjustment is usually permanent when once it has been made.
Removing Mixer Assembler Entrance. — Should it become necessary to remove the assembler entrance from the machine at any time for the purpose of repairing or replacing an escapement rod, or because one of them has be- come twisted, proceed as follows :
Throw the channel entrance auxiliary stop and lower the entrance, tilt the magazine back to change position; disconnect spaceband box lever guide from the lower end of the escapement rod frame; take off assembler entrance cover 7, Fig. 24. Turn out the four screws, 3333 in assembler entrance upper plate, and lift the plate off, being careful to gently disconnect the lugs in the lower ends of the first fourteen guides from their slots in the plate. The bal- ance of the entrance can be lifted off after taking out screws 4 at each side of the entrance frame.
The lower entrance upper plate is removed after withdrawing locking rod 5. There are no complications when removing the plate, simply lift it off. Any escapement rod for the upper magazine may be lifted out for repairs or re- placement, or any of the guides may be removed by withdrawing the neces- sary locking rods from the guide eyes at the rear of the plate.
Remove the entrances in case a lower magazine escapement rod needs at- tention or replacement.
Occasionally, clean the assembler entrance on the machine with a cloth wrapped around a stick and saturated with high test gasoline or benzol.
On E machines, the matrix delivery belt is adjusted for tension in the same manner as on the other machines, that is, by means of an adjusting nut at the rear of the idle pulley stud. Shown at G, inset drawing, Fig. 24.
Mixer Side Magazine Assembler Entrance
The side magazine assembler entrance on E machines, with suitable modi- fications, is similar in all respects to the main entrance.
The assembler matrix delivery belt from the side magazines to the star wheel is continuous. The tension of the belt may be adjusted by a nut on the idle pulley stud at the extreme right of the machine.
In case the necessity ever arises, the entrances may be removed from the machine by taking off both side magazines; take off matrix delivery guard; turn out the four screws (two each side) which hold the upper entrance plate
ASSEMBLER ENTRANCES 55
in place; then unscrew the four screws (two each side) that hold the en- trance frame to the machine.
Upon replacing the upper assembler plate for the side magazine, it will be noticed that the guides have round eye extensions at the rear. Hold the plate in a slightly tilted position and work the eyes into the lower entrance platfe slots one at a time. The eyes will enter the slots easily in this manner.
Chapter VIII
THE ASSEMBLER
Matrices passing through the assembler entrance, as previously explained, are deflected by means of nearly vertical guides to a rapidly traveling belt which carries them to a converging point in the assembler chute, where they pass over a star wheel into the assembling elevator. Here they rest upon a common level with the spacebands interposed, which have dropped through a chute directly above the star wheel.
It is the purpose of the assembler, by means of the star wheel and chute spring, to throw matrices and spacebands into the assembling elevator to an upright position in their proper sequence. Constant study upon the part of Intertype engineers to improve the assembling apparatus so as to minimize all chances of error in the assembling of matrices has brought about a pre- cise and dependable mechanism.
Spring Chute Rail Assembler
The first type assembler furnished has thin spring rails in the chute. Mat- rices pass by gravity and momentum from the instant of leaving the matrix belt until they come in contact with the star wheel, a distance of about three inches. Matrices from the first few magazine channels fall directly upon the spring chute rails and receive no impetus from the matrix belt, in passing through the chute.
If the springs in the chute rails become worn thin at the upper ends, new springs can be soldered to the rails. The upper ends of the springs should fit closely to the matrix belt so that thin matrices cannot wedge between the rail springs and the belt. The lower ends of the assembler entrance guides are curved towards the star wheel, shown at 7, Fig. 25, so as to deflect matrices to the belt and aid in affecting smooth assembling.
Additional general instructions for the care and adjustment of this as- sembler are the same as for the flanged-pulley assembler.
Flanged Pulley Assembler
A second assembler was designed later on to shorten the space in the chute between the matrix belt and the star wheel so that matrices would re- ceive the benefit of added motive power just before engaging the star wheel, and the shock due to falling by gravity might be further reduced. This assem- bler is distinguished by a flanged pulley, shown in Fig. 25. The belt runs between the flanges on the pulley rim, and the spring chute rails are replaced by a short, flat plate, curved to fit the contour of the chute. This device short-
THE ASSEMBLER
57
ened the chute rail space about one-half inch, and was used until development to the belt and aid in affecting smooth assembling.
It is essential that assemblers equipped with the flanged belt pulley 9, Fig. 25, have a matrix delivery belt which is in fairly good condition, so that the thickness of the belt 2 will bring the top edge about even with the pulley flanges. Also see that the lower ends of the assembler entrance guides at 7 are curved toward the left so as to soften the impact of matrices on the belt, and the pulley.
The assembler may be removed from the machine by turning out the two screws shown at 1.
On this assembler, Fig. 25, adjust the chute plate 4 by loosening the screws 6 and 6, and move the bracket 5 until the space between the heel of the plate and the chute rail will permit the free passage of matrices without choking. At the same time the points of the plate 4 should be positioned out as far possible to a point which will permit the assembling elevator pawls to
FIG. 25.-First Style Flanged-Pulley Assembler. This type ,
nated the conventional chute rails, which were displaced by a wide . plate extending from the matrix belt to the star wheel. The « , dead space be- tween the belt and the assembler star was shortened about one-half inch, which greatly improved matrix assembly.
58 THE INTERTYPE
pass without interference. If the setting between the plate and the chute rail is too wide, thin matrices will have a tendency to bound out of the assem- bling elevator.
In setting the plate 4 bear in mind that it acts as a buffer for matrices against the stresses of the assembler star and should be set low enough to make matrices settle down in the assembling elevator.
The flanged-pulley assembler chute plate spring 10 is the same as that used for the magazine escapements (W-897). It is not advisable to use just any kind of spring for renewal purposes. Use the magazine escapement spring and see that its tension is rather strong.
The first assembler entrance guide, indicated at 8, should be bent down toward the chute rail so that the space between the guide and chute rail will just permit free passage of the thickest matrices.
% The Positive Assembler
This assembler does away with the "dead space" between the lower end of the matrix delivery belt and the assembler star. Unlike the two preceding types of assemblers, the matrix delivery belt, which is wider than the first style, occupies the space in the chute formerly taken up by the fixed chute rails. This eliminates the traveling of matrices by gravity or momentum through the narrowed chute above the star wheel, and matrices are virtually pulled from between the belt and chute finger in a positive manner.
This Intertype development increases the speed of assembling, eliminates clogging of matrices in the chute and greatly minimizes transpositions. An- other advantage lies in the fact that a 36-point capital "W" matrix from one magazine will pass the chute finger as positively as a period matrix from another magazine. One setting of the chute spring is satisfactory for use with all fonts in the machine. Overlapped matrices, due to rapid operating, clear the chute, and are pulled through without manual assistance.
The shafts of the first positive assembler, were equipped with ball bear- ings. Some of the pinions are micarta and the whole power-transmitting device is noiseless. The assembler star shaft runs in a bronze bushing chan- neled with graphite. This bearing should be oiled weekly with but one drop of oil applied in the hole located at the top of the assembler, just at the right of the lower end of the spaceband box chute. This hole also supplies oil to the assembler intermediate gear shaft through a duct.
Maintenance of Bail-Bearing Assembler. — At long intervals, the assem- bler should be taken from the machine to clean the parts and supply new vaseline to the ball bearings. Set the assembler slide for 30 ems, take off the pulley screw and washer, llf, Fig. 26, throw off the matrix delivery belt 2. The assembler can then be taken off upon removing screws 1 and 1 which hold it to the face plate. Avoid using gasoline or any cleaning fluid in the bronze, graphite-channeled bearings. Simply wipe them out with a clean cloth.
THE ASSEMBLER
59
Adjustment of Chute Spring. — The chute spring is adjusted as follows: In Fig. 26 set the plate 4 so there will be about 10 or 12 points space between the heel and the running belt 2 at the place where the bridge points 7 join the belt. The prong points of the plate 4 should align vertically with the assembling elevator gate pawls. Loosen the screws 6 and 6 and move the bracket 5 to make the adjustment. The chute plate spring 16 is much heavier than the one used in the first type assembler.
In case it is necessary to remove the assembler for repair, lift off the chute plate 4, Fig. 26, and the plate spring 16. Set the assembler slide for 30 ems, depress the latch 8 and swing out the bracket 10; throw off the matrix belt, remove the set screw in the pulley, take out the screw and washer 14 and take the pulley from its shaft. The two screws 1 and 1 can now be turned out and the assembler taken from the machine.
9
FIG. 26.— New Style Positive Assembler now applied to all Intertypes. Matrices do not depend upon gravity to reach the lower end of the chute spring k, but are caused to pass from under it by the rapidly moving belt.
This view also shows the means provided for the quick renewal of the as- sembler star 3. Open the assembler chute cover 9 so it will be held down by the detent 15, raise the assembling elevator enough to clear the end of the chute block, depress the spring latch 8 and swing out the hinged chute block 10. The old assembler star may then be removed and a new one substituted. Assembler stars can always be kept in first class condition because of the sim- plicity of making the renewal.
60 THE INTERTYPE
If the top of the chute cover 9 extends farther in than the lower edge of the large cover, matrices will strike it and transpose in the assembler. The lower edge of the large cover should be even with, or a little farther in, than the top of the small assembler chute cover 9.
Adjustment of the Matrix Belt. — The pulley 12 on side magazine ma- chines, is adjustable for belt tension by means of a nut at the rear side of the bracket. The pulley 13, on machines without the side magazine unit, is adjust- able in the same way to take up slack in the matrix belt.
A detent 15 holds the chute cover 9 down and out of the way when it is desired to open the cover.
Adjustment of the assembler slide for proper em length, by moving the finger 11, Fig. 26, is explained under the heading "Setting the Assembler," and by Fig. 32.
Star Wheel Tension '
The tension of the star wheel friction spring should be strong enough to just throw em quad matrices into the assembling elevator at a rapid rate of speed and without hesitancy; on the other hand, the tension should not be so great as to cause the assembler slide finger to advance more than the thick- ness of each quad as it is being assembled, or cause matrices to bound out from the assembling elevator. Learn to judge the spring tension by thrusting a finger against the assembler star while it is revolving under power. The tension may be weakened by squeezing the spring in a vise; if it requires strengthening, gently tap it with a light hammer while rolling the spring on a corner of an iron block or vise. Put some grease between the brass friction disk and the pinion into which it fits.
The star wheel shaft has a small f rictional driving arrangement shown in detail, Fig. 27. This device is applied to furnish proper resiliency when the
FIG. 27.— Assembler Star Shaft Assembly. The steel shaft holding the star is indicated at 1; 2 is the brass friction disk screwed upon the shaft l; 4 is the pinion which meshes with an intermediate gear from which it receives its mo- tion. The pinion fits over the brass disk 2 and is not supported by the shaft 1; 5 is the nut screwed upon the end of the shaft 1; a spring 3 is placed between the nut 5 and the pinion 4 so that, in the case of an overset matrix line, the star will stop, the spring permitting the pinion 4 to continue revolving by slip- ping against the brass disk 2, which, with the star upon the shaft 1 is held stationary, until the obstructing matrix has been lifted from the assembling elevator.
THE ASSEMBLER 61
star wheel engages the matrices. A fixed motion of the star wheel here would throw matrices out of the assembling elevator. In order to get at the parts it will be necessary to remove the assembler.
Star Wheel Removal
A star wheel may be said to be worn out when it will not flip matrices to a vertical position in the assembling elevator. The corners of the spokes round off before the center part, owing to the fact that the sides of matrix bodies are hollow-milled. There is also a tendency for matrices to assume a position out of true or at an angle to the parts while being assembled. The star wheel will need renewal when worn about one thirty-second of an inch.
A star wheel may be removed from the spring-rail and the flanged-pulley types of assembler by taking off the chute cover and its spring; turn out one screw in the front chute rail and lift off the rail. The star wheel will then be accessible for removal from its shaft.
To remove a star wheel on the new style positive assembler, set the as- sembler slide adjusting block for 30 ems, raise the assembling elevator, open the chute cover 9, Fig. 26, depress the spring latch 8, when the bracket 10 may be swung out on its hinge, exposing the star wheel. The old one may be slipped off and a new one put on.
If necessary, dress the hole and clean out the corners with a square file, so that the star wheel may be pushed on with the fingers. Never drive a new star wheel on the shaft, as this may result in damage to the shaft bushing.
Proper Assembler Maintenance
A loose round assembler driving belt will give the effect of a weak star wheel friction spring. Tighten the driving belt, if too loose.
A star wheel shaft that is running in its bearing without oil will give the effect of too strong tension of the friction spring.
Careful Lubrication is Essential. — Too much oil applied to the assembler bearings will foul the matrices and cause trouble with free dropping from the magazine after the oil has been transferred to matrix lugs and by them to magazine channels. Use a small, short-spout oil can and lubricate weekly with one small drop in each bearing. Use a medium grade of machine oil.
If the bell hammer pawl 9, Fig. 29, is not slightly lubricated with grease, an effect will be produced equal to a weak star wheel spring tension at the point where the pawl engages the bell hammer trip.
Assemblers are equipped with bushings for the matrix belt pulley shafts. After having been run a long time, new bushings may be applied, if the old ones permit the shafts to cause the pulleys to run out of line. Grasp the pul- ley and shake it to see if the bushing hole has become enlarged through wear. The old bushing should never be pounded out. An old bushing may be pushed out by putting a roller having a large hole, back of the plate and over the bushing hole, starting it by squeezing a round pin directly against the front
62 THE INTERTYPE
end of the bushing between large vise jaws. A new bushing can then be in- serted in the assembler by squeezing to place between the bench vise jaws.
Careful Spacing Necessary. — The assembler is provided with means of adjustment so-that matrices cannot be damaged in the vise jaw lockup. Take advantage of this device. Never put more matrices in a line than will go in freely and still permit the star wheel to turn slightly. If the office style calls for close spacing use extra thin (.030") spacebands.
The spaceband buffer finger 15, Fig. 29, may have a depression worn at the right side under the assembling elevator where the spacebands first drop down upon it. In this case spacebands may fall down when the assembling elevator gate is opened to make corrections in the matrix line. The buffer should be replaced when badly worn.
Chapter IX
THE ASSEMBLER SLIDE
First Style Assembler Slide. — The first style assembler slide, Fig. 28, is equipped with a bar, on the front side of which holes are located, one for each em measure from four to thirty, and a scale above designates the measure corresponding to each hole.
The measure is set by pulling out a small knob in the adjusting block and sliding the block along until the plunger registers with the hole correspond- ing to the desired measure. Turning the knob half way enables half-em meas- ures to be set.
The motions of the slide are as follows : Upon raising the assembling ele- vator, the lever 1 under the elevator at point 3 is also raised, and a brake operating pin (not shown) at the right side of the lever at 8, presses down on the lower part of the brake thumb piece 2, releasing the brake blocks from the slide. This permits the spring 6 to return the slide against the stop 12, ready for the next line of matrices.
When the assembling elevator seats again, it bears down and rests upon the operating lever 1 at point 3. This action causes the brake blocks 18 and 19 to grip the assembler slide.
The assembler slide measure is adjusted to correspond with the vise jaw setting by the screw 7, which banks against the chute block when the line is full. A small red sight piece is mounted at the top of adjusting block to indi- cate to the operator when the measure is nearly filled with matrices, just how much space remains so that he can divide a word or thin-space the line.
Never put oil on the assembler slide, but keep it clean and rubbed with dry graphite to insure its free action. Oil will cause the slide to vibrate for the reason that the fibre brake blocks can not grip the slide. After a short time the oil will become gummy and the slide will then act very sluggish.
Occasionally, remove the assembler slide from the face plate by discon- necting the slide and link at 9 and removing the screws 10. The bracket upon which the slide is mounted may then be taken from the machine. At this time clean and oil the roll 4 and the recess under the gib 11.
When the assembling elevator is resting in normal position, there should be a little play between the operating lever pin, held in place by the nut at 8, and the brake thumb piece 2 so as not to hold the brake away from the as- sembler slide. Raise the elevator slightly and shake the operating lever for play. If too close, adjust the pin held in position by the the nut 8 to give a slight clearance.
The tension of the brake spring 5 should be just strong enough to hold the the slide from chattering.
64
THE INTERTYPE
12
FIG. 28. — The First Style Assembler Slide rests within a recess provided in a supporting cast iron bracket, which is fastened to the face plate by dowels and the two screws 10 and 10. The slide is confined within the recess by right and left gibs, 11 and 16, which permit it to be moved freely lengthwise.
As matrices pass the assembler star and come to rest in an upright position in the assembling elevator, they move the slide to the left by the action of the assembler star causing them to bear against the finger 17. As the matrices are assembled, the slide moves against the tension exerted by the spring 5 holding the fibre brake blocks 18 and 19 of the brake in engagement with the slide. Each matrix entering the assembling elevator is permitted to move the slide the thickness of its body.
When the assembling elevator is raised to lift the line to the delivery slide, it engages the end of the assembler slide operating lever 1 at 3 which causes the operating pin 8 extending backwardly from the lever to engage a thumb piece 2 on the slide brake. The action of the brake being moved by the operat- ing lever 1 releases pressure of the brake blocks 18 and 19 from the slide, and the spring 6 retracts the slide to the right against the stop 12.
There is a sliding block mounted in the slide groove, containing an adjust- ing knob 13 for the purpose of setting the assembler slide to any measure from 4 to 30 ems. The knob 13 is mounted upon a pin which extends through the block and the other end of this pin registers with one of a series of holes drilled in the assembler slide. Each one of these holes corresponds to an em division of the scale 20 upon the slide operating lever. Retracting the knob 13 disengages the pin from the hole, and the block may be moved along to an- other setting. A coil spring within the block under the knob 13 causes the pin to enter the hole of the em measure wanted. Turning the knob half way en- ables the assembler slide settings to be made on half-em measures.
A pawl (not shown) on the adjusting block, engages an extension on the left side of the bell hammer 15, which strikes the bell 11^, warning the operator that the matrix line is nearly full.
The screw 7 on the adjusting block is for the purpose of limiting the dis- tance between the assembler star and the finger 17 so the space will be a little less (about .014") than the space between the vise jaws.
THE ASSEMBLER SLIDE
65
12 717 11 1 7
FIG. 29. — New Style Assembler Slide assembly. This slide is an improved pat- tern of the one shown in Fig. 27. Matrices, as they enter the assembling eleva- tor, move the slide to the left by crowding against the finger 22. As each ma- trix settles down, the slide is permitted to move under stress of the spring 4 holding the two fibre brake blocks 2 and 2 against the slide (shown in the de- tail drawing).
A small red indicator 13 approaches the releasing lever 12 as the line is being filled out so the operator can see how nearly full the line is. When the indicator 13 is within approximately three ems of banking against the lever 12, a pawl 9 engages a projection on the bell hammer 17 and strikes the bell 18, informing the operator that the matrices have nearly filled out the assembler measure.
After the matrix line is completed and the assembling elevator is raised so the delivery slide can convey the matrix line to the first elevator, a projection at the lower right side of the assembling elevator raises the end of the assem- bler slide brake operating lever 11 at 6. This causes a pin 1 at the rear of the nut to engage the beveled edge of the thumb piece at the lower end of the brake so the fibre brake blocks 2 and 2 will be released from the slide. At this time the slide return spring 3 connected to the slide by a lever and link at 16 returns the slide to normal position against the stop 23.
As the assembling elevator is lowered after having raised the matrix line to the delivery slide, it banks upon the end of the slide brake operating lever at 6, raising the pin in the lever 11 from the brake, and the blocks 2 and 2 again grip the slide through tension of the brake spring 4.
Fastened to studs upon the front of the slide is a rack 20, having teeth at the under side spaced one-half em apart. Upon the rack 20 rests an adjusting block 24. At the right side of the adjusting block 24. there is a detent 8 having several teeth at its lower end corresponding to the teeth in the rack 20. A spring under the detent 8 holds its teeth in engagement with the rack teeth. The assembler slide measure may be changed by depressing the detent 8 and sliding the adjusting block 24. until the measure desired is indicated by the
66 THE INTERTYPE
pointer in the little window in the block, through which the scale is visible.
The lever 12 can be lifted out of engagement with the indicator 13 when the operator has overset the matrix line, so the excess matrix or two can be re- moved easily. Lifting the lever 12 releases the stress of the assembler star and permits the slide to move a short distance to the left.
This lever 12 is not intended to release the slide for the purpose of crowding in a hyphen or other matrix when the assembler has already been filled.
The inset detail drawing of the brake shows how the fibre brake blocks 2 and 2 grip the assembler slide. After long use the blocks may be reversed to provide new working faces. The corners 19 and 19 should be rounded to pro- vide clearance, and freedom from binding.
New Style Assembler Slide
The assembler slide, Fig. 29, has a bar similar in shape to the first style bar. In place of the dovetailed adjusting block working in a groove in the bar, a block of new design, having a little window through which the em scale is visible, is mounted on the slide. The setting of the assembler is made by depressing the detent 8, Fig. 29, and moving the block or cover to the measure wanted.
Function of the Tight Line Release. — There is a small lever 12, known as a tight line release, which is intended to be raised by the operator when he has overset a line, so as to release the last matrix which binds the assembler star and would otherwise be difficult to lift out. It is not intended, however, that this lever be used for the purpose of crowding another matrix into the line which is already full.
// crowded lines are sent in to be cast, matrices will surely be damaged. When this lever is used properly as explained above, it is a great convenience to the operator.
The end of the block has a small red plate 13 which banks against the tight line release lever 12 and limits movement of the slide to the left. The position of this red plate in relation to the tight line release lever can be noted by the operator to see how full the line is as he is operating.
The slide travels on rollers, mounted underneath in the bracket. The roll lit at the left side is of the same size as on the first style slide. At 11 under the right-hand gib, are mounted two small rolls which provide bearing for the right side of the slide. The small spring 5 offsets the weight of the slide ad- justing block or cover. The keeper 7 helps hold the adjusting block in place on the rack 20.
As the assembling elevator is raised, the slide automatically returns to normal position. The elevator raises the operating lever at 6; the other end of the lever 11 containing an operating pin held in place by the nut at 1, en- gages the brake thumb piece, releasing the upper and lower brake blocks from the slide. The upper block is shown at 2, and the spring 3 returns the slide to normal position against its stop 23 on the face plate.
The leverage exerted by the operating lever pin upon the brake thumb piece can be regulated by the pin held in the slot in the end of the lever at 1, which works against the lower end of the brake. Raise the assembling eleva-
THE ASSEMBLER SLIDE
67
tor, shake the operating lever slightly and when there is a small amount of play between the pin and the brake thumb piece the adjustment can be con- sidered correct. If the pin is set too close the brake cannot hold the slide steadily while matrices are being assembled; if too far away it will not re- lease the brake and the slide will not return to normal position, when the assembling elevator is raised to the delivery slide.
FIG. 30. — The 42-em Assembler Slide is similar in all re- spects to the 30-em slide, excepting, of course, its additional range of 12 ems, and the method of returning the slide to normal position after a line has been sent up to the delivery slide.
The return spring in the regular 30-em slide is satisfac- tory for the purpose, but a spring of this kind would have too much tension after passing the 30-em measure on a 42- em machine and would cause difficulty with the assembling of matrices. To overcome this, a weight arrangement is ap- plied. The pull of the weight is constant, whether 8 ems or 42 ems is being set. The spring 1, is hung between the chain and weight to soften the impact of the return stroke of the slide when it strikes the stop on the face plate.
The tube 2, serves as a guard for the chain, spring and weight.
Occasionally remove the assembler slide to clean and lubricate the rolls. Disconnect the back spring 5, discon- nect the lever link from the slide, right side; turn out the two bracket screws 10, when the entire mechanism may be lifted off. Clean all the rollers and gibs. When replacing the rollers use clock oil on the bearings.
Keep the slide clean and polish with a little dry graphite. Never use oil to lubricate the assembler slide.
Once in a while apply a little graphite grease to the bell hammer hub pawl 9; this will prevent sticking the slide when the pawl engages the bell hammer, which might be a cause of transpositions.
The spring 4 supplies tension for the brake which holds the slide steady. It should have just enough stress to prevent chattering of the slide. The fibre
68
THE INTERTYPE
brake blocks when worn down after long use, can be reversed to furnish new gripping edges. In renewing or reversing the fibre brake blocks, the corner opposite the corner which grips the assembler slide should be rounded, other- wise it will bind against the slide and retard its return to normal position.
Assembler Slide Bell
A small bell mounted above the assembler slide warns the operator that the line is nearly full (within three ems) so that a syllable division may be made or proper spaces from the magazine put between the words, in addition to the spacebands.
Setting the Assembler
After applying a new star wheel, always reset the assembler so that a full line of matrices having one spaceband in the line will permit the star wheel to just turn over with difficulty. This means that when the line enters between the vise jaws before the cast, that no matrix lugs will be cut or mashed by the mold. During justification (with the assembler slide adjusting screw properly set) the top of the spaceband will be driven up even with the top of the first-elevator jaws in a line containing one spaceband.
17
FIG. 31. — First Style Assembler Slide. Means of adjusting the em measure by the screw 1, so the space between the assembler star 5 and the slide finger n will be approximately .014" less than the space between the vise jaws.
THE ASSEMBLER SLIDE
69
|* 120/-15 Ems— »j
I
FIG. 32. — New Style Assembler Slide. Means of adjusting the em measure by the screw 3, so the space between the assembler star 5 and the slide finger 4 will be approximately .014" narrower than the space between the vise jaws. Screws 1 and 1 hold the finger 4 in the slide groove; the binding screw 2 holds the setting of the adjusting screw 3.
It is natural to presume that the assembler measure should be set approx- imately .014" less than the vise jaw measure, so that with one spaceband in the line the expansive power of the spaceband will permit the machine to make a cast. A thick spaceband (regularly used in most machines) has an expanding power of more than three points.
After the assembler has been set, do not send in any lines which stop the assembler star. This will be the best insurance against damaged matrices.
Setting the First Style Assembler Slide. — Set the assembler to any meas- ure between 12 and 15 ems. Most newspapers use 12-em column measure- ment, and work in commercial shops will range around the 15-em length. On the first style assembler, shown in Fig. 31, assemble a line of matrices con- taining one spaceband. Fill out the line until the star wheel 5 "rattles." Send the line in, and during justification the top of the spaceband should be driven up about even with the top of the first-elevator jaws. Adjust the screw 1 until this result is obtained.
Setting the New Style Assembler Slide. — Follow instructions for setting the first style assembler slide above, except for the means of adjustment, which are as follows: Loosen the screws 1 and 1, Fig. 32, holding finger 4 to the slide; loosen the jam screw 2 and adjust the screw 3 against which the finger 4 banks.
Chapter X
THE ASSEMBLING ELEVATOR
The assembling elevator receives the matrices and spacebands as they en- ter from the assembler, and affords a means of holding the matrix line, making it possible to see what has been set. The matrix line is visible to the operator through the opening in the gate, and any errors in composition may be corrected before lifting the line to the delivery slide. Hand spacing may also be performed in case it becomes necessary.
Hand Spacing refers to that process whereby the operator inserts thin spaces by hand between the words in the assembler in addition to the space- bands, so that before the cast is made, the spacebands will obstruct the full upstroke of the justification bar and expand the matrix line tightly between the vise jaws. In correct composition, sometimes it is necessary to thin space all the words in a line because the spacebands contained in the line would not have sufficient expansive power to justify the matrix line tightly. For this purpose, in addition to the brass hair spaces, three thicknesses of steel hair spaces (.003^", .007" and .014") are carried in stock. Brass hair spaces range in thickness from .012" to .022". The thinnest regular thin spaces in- cluded with fonts and which run in the magazine are .0277".
The assembling elevator is connected to and forms a part of the machine commonly spoken of as the assembler. The magazine holds matrices in stor- age and the assembling elevator is a temporary repository for the matrices after being released from the magazine. The assembler entrance, assembler chute and the assembler slide constitute a means of getting matrices into the assembling elevator after they leave the magazine.
In the foregoing pages an attempt is made to show how these various parts function to insure the correct mechanical assemblage of matrices and spacebands, and causes for various abnormal actions of matrices when they do not assemble as they should.
After the line is assembled, the assembling elevator is raised by means of a lever to the delivery slide which takes the line over to the casting appa- ratus.
The weight of the assembling elevator is counterbalanced by a spring, 1, Fig. 33, at the left of the keyboard. This spring is adjustable for more or less tension by turning the screw hook to which it is attached. When once set, the adjustment will last indefinitely.
Assembling Elevator Lubrication. — The elevator is guided by gibs or slideways. Use dry graphite for lubrication here, as the application of oil is liable to be transferred to matrices. The gate roller under the spring 3 should receive one small drop of oil occasionally.
THE ASSEMBLING ELEVATOR
71
FIG. 33.— The Assembling Elevator is
in normal position at the left of the as- sembler. After the matrix line has been composed, the operator raises the ele- vator to the delivery slide. The action of raising the elevator which is counter- balanced by the spring 1, depresses the delivery pawl 6, and releases the de- livery slide which conveys the matrix line from the assembling elevator through the delivery channel into the first elevator.
At the time the assembling elevator engages the delivery pawl 6, the latch 4 also engages a lug 5 on the stop bar which limits the upstroke of the eleva- tor and holds it in this position until the delivery slide has taken the matrix line completely within the delivery channel, when the delivery slide short finger bar will push the latch 4 out of engagement with the stop bar lug 5, permitting the elevator to be lowered.
The rod 7, extending from the latch 4 through to the bottom of the elevator, permits the elevator to be lowered in case the operator wishes to return it to normal position to make a correction in the matrix line.
When the assembling elevator is raised to its extreme upstroke, the latch It engages a lug on the stop bar 5 which supports the elevator until the short finger bar releases the latch after the delivery slide has carried the last ma- trix into the delivery channel. After the machine has been in use a long time, it may be necessary to bend the stop bar lug 5, Fig. 33, slightly upward so the assembling elevator, when raised to the delivery slide, will have support by engagement of the latch 4 with the lug 5.
The delivery slide releasing lever 6 needs no attention except the occa- sional application of a little grease on the end where it engages the delivery slide short finger. This will insure an easy trip-off when a line is sent in.
There is a small pin 9, Fig. 33, mounted in the right leg of the gate just above the duplex rail cap, the purpose of which is to deflect matrices down- ward from the cap into proper place on the assembling rail. Matrices will not often "ride the rail," but this pin will deflect the occasional one that does jump up on it.
72 THE INTERTYPE
It is possible, with rough treatment, to spring either the front casting or the gate. In the event the gate appears to be too far away from the back plate, first see that the distance from the back to front castings is correct. Place a new pi matrix with unworn lugs on the rails; there should be freedom, but not too much. After the castings are brought into line, test the gate. If the screw 2 which holds the front and back plates together, is not properly tightened, the space between the top rails will be too wide.
Handle the gate with reasonable care. If it should be sprung at any time, do not bend the legs in order to bring it into line again, but rather twist the center of the top part of the gate in a bench vise while it is removed from the elevator, first taking off the em scale. Attempting to bend or twist the gate legs will surely break them off.
The gate hinge pin 8, Fig. 35, should at all times be kept screwed up tightly. In case it works loose, the gate will have lost motion.
Function of the Duplex Rail. — It has been previously explained that most matrices, from 5 point, up to and including 14 point, have two characters punched in their casting edges. This enables the user to cast two faces from the same set of matrices.
The delivery channel, first-elevator jaws and the mold are provided with two levels of rails upon which matrices may rest. The assembling elevator also has two levels for the assembling of matrices. When assembled on the lower rail they may be said to be in normal position. If they are sent through the machine on the upper or duplex rail they are said to be in auxiliary or high alignment position.
One of the two faces to be cast is assembled in the elevator on either the upper or lower rail, as it is expressed, in order to present the matrices to the mold in the proper position according to the face desired, or they may be as- sembled partly on both levels where it is desired to have accentuated words for display purposes, or in other cases, certain words emphasized in italics or bold face with roman reading matter. The duplex rails are frictionally held in position between the top surface of the front plate casting and cap by a bronze bow spring, each end of which rests upon one of the duplex rails. The spring is placed in a groove or pocket in the cap.
When the elevator has been raised and it is desired to lower it to assem- bling position again, in order to make a correction in the matrix line, release the latch 4 by pushing up on the rod 7 at the bottom of the elevator.
Assembling Elevator Maintenance
The gate pawls, 5 and 6, Fig. 35, retain matrices after entering the eleva- tor and prevent them from falling out as the elevator is being raised to the delivery slide. The pawls have small springs which keep them in place. The tension of these springs should be just strong enough to throw the pawl against its stop pin. If the spring tension is too strong matrices will either not be thrown past the pawls or transpositions may occur.
THE ASSEMBLING ELEVATOR
73
4
FIG. 34.— Detail End Diagrams of the Assembling Elevator showing how mat- rices are assembled in upper and lower positions in order to cast different faces of type from one of the two matrix cells.
In No. 1 the matrix rests on the lower or normal rails, and on this level the matrix is usually punched to cast from the roman letter alignment characters, indicated at 3. The duplex rail is not used.
In No. 2 the assembling elevator duplex rail is pushed in. Matrices are as- sembled upon this rail so the auxiliary matrix cell 4 will be presented in front of the mold to cast italic or bold face characters upon the slug. Small capi- tals are also cast from this position of the matrix.
The little detaining plates 1 and 2 fit snugly against the lower ends of the assembler chute rails. The space between the plates and the assembler chute rails should never be wide enough to permit thin matrices to catch between the two parts. In the first style assemblers the chute rails wear down at the place opposite the assembling elevator detaining plates and are a cause for assembling troubles. In some cases the chute rail can be piened or swelled out to original dimension again so that matrices will not be cuffed by the de- taining plates. This is mentioned here because it has been found that a great many operators attempt to manipulate the detaining plates in the assembling elevator when the lower ends of the assembler chute rails need attention or replacement. The detaining plates are unfixable.
At the point 7, spacebands will eventually round off the top of the back plate rail to such an extent that they will fall down when the gate is opened for corrections. Replacement is the only remedy. The same may be said of the spaceband buffer finger 8, Fig. 33. After a long time a depression will be worn in the top of the finger by the spacebands. Above this point in the as- sembling elevator there will be no support for the spacebands when the ele- vator gate is opened.
74 THE INTERTYPE
Replacing the Buffers. — If the front rail buffer 3, Fig. 35, is worn very much, matrices entering the assembling elevator will have impact only with the back rail buffer k, and cause undue wear on the lower back matrix lug. The steel buffer 4 is also renewable, but wears down only at long intervals. When applying a new one, it may be necessary to draw the temper of the lower buffer rail and dress it by filing until it matches the elevator back plate casting recess in which it rests. Afterwards harden the lower buffer rail by
heating to a red color and dip only the rail or buffer in water, as this is the only point- of wear.
The front buffer 3, has been made both of fibre and steel. If the ele- vator is fitted with the fibre type, renew it frequently. In order to re- place the front buffer, turn out the screw 2, Fig. 33, in the lower part of the assembling elevator front plate, and gently work the plate from the dowels so as not to spring the front plate.
FIG. 35.— Section of the Assembling Elevator, shown in perspective end view, which, with the accompanying text, explains the functions and maintenance of the parts indicated. The parts indicated are subjected to severe usage and are designed to resist wear.
Removing the Assembling Elevator
To remove the assembling elevator for the purpose of fitting in a new steel back rail matrix buffer, open the vise to first position, disconnect the lever link at the bottom of the elevator; take out the left-hand gib screws, loosen the two screws holding the delivery channel in place and pull the channel out slightly from the face plate; remove the left-hand gib; raise the spaceband buffer finger to a nearly vertical position, take the elevator out by turning it slightly and moving the left side out first.
Forty-Two-Em Assembling Elevator
The 42-em assembling elevator, except for its increased capacity, is simi- lar in all respects to the 30-em assembling elevator. The care and adjustment of it is the same.
Chapter XI
THE DELIVERY SLIDE
We pass now from the assembling part of the Intertype to the casting mechanism. As stated in the first part of the book, the Intertype is really three mechanisms in one — an assembling mechanism, a casting mechanism, and a distributing mechanism. Each one of these three mechanisms is a ma- chine in itself, but are linked together in order to complete the process of assembling the matrix line, casting a slug or type bar, and distributing the matrices into the magazine.
The all-important link between the assembling and casting mechanisms is the delivery slide. This slide is a means of automatically transferring the matrix line from the assembling elevator to the first-elevator jaws, which receive and convey it to the mold.
The delivery slide rests normally just above the assembling elevator, and may be said to be a slide within a slide. A long finger slide is connected to the short finger slide by an adjustable rod with notches cut in its upper surface, one em apart. The slide operates in a slideway or track in the face plate. Its motion to the left is actuated by a large spring within the machine column, suitably retarded or controlled by an air cylinder at the rear of the column. After the slide has delivered a line of matrices to the first elevator it also automatically starts- the casting section of the machine in motion, and a cam returns the delivery slide to normal position, ready to deliver another line to the first elevator jaws.
Detailed action of the delivery slide is described under Fig. 37, page 78.
A waiting line is one that is sent over before the previous line has been transferred to the second elevator. The cam is so shaped that the slide re- mains stationary within the delivery channel until the machine is about at normal position when the slide automatically moves over to the first elevator.
The principal adjustments of the delivery slide are in the cam roller arm 15 at the back of the machine column, and the screw 2 in the face plate. The delivery slide is adjustable for return stroke by moving the cam roller arm.
In case the delivery slide does not have enough overmotion stroke to come past the delivery pawl about 1/16", additional leverage will be needed.
It is well to go over the screws in the various parts of the slide to see that they are turned up tight before making any adjustment.
Delivery Slide Return Stroke Adjustment. — In order to make adjustment of the delivery slide lever cam roller arm 15, Fig. 37, so the slide will have 1/16" overmotion on its return stroke in relation to the fixed position of the delivery pawl, proceed as follows : Disconnect the pot pump plunger rod pin, and have the delivery slide resting in normal position above the assembling
76
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 36.— The Delivery Slide is held in normal position by the delivery pawl 1, ready to receive a line of matrices from the assembling elevator. The elevator, when raised, trips the pawl 1 by engaging its lug 2, which depresses the right side of the pawl from contact with the delivery slide short finger 6, and per- mits the slide to start to the left, taking with it the matrix line from the assem- bling elevator. This drawing also shows the means of support for the assem- bling elevator when a line is raised and before the delivery slide has taken it into the delivery channel. The latch 3 engages the stop bar lug 4, and the latch 3 is released by the slide short finger bar after the matrix line has been con- veyed into the delivery channel.
THE DELIVERY SLIDE 77
elevator. Run the machine ahead until the high point or crown 20 of the delivery cam 21 is directly opposite the arm cam roller 3; loosen the cam roller arm screws 1 and 1, and push the cam roller arm 15 so the roller 3 will touch the cam crown 20, and tighten the screws ; now back the machine with the friction clutch arm by hand until there is about 1/16" space between the delivery lever arm roller 3 and the delivery cam 21, just in front of the cam crown 20; loosen the screws 1 and 1 again and move the cam roller arm so the roller will touch the cam; the arm screws can now be brought up tight.
The first time the novice may be called upon to adjust the delivery slide return or overmotion stroke, a better understanding will be obtained if the actual working of the delivery pawl 1, Fig. 36, and the slide can be seen. Fasten the spaceband transfer lever pawl with cord, so the pawl will be held up, then remove the spaceband box. Proceed with the adjustment as given above. In this way the one making the adjustment can look down at the point where the pawl engages the slide and see how the overmotion stroke is made.
In this operation the metal pot mouthpiece will be locked against the mold part of the time while the delivery slide lever arm roller is in contact with the high point or crown 20 of the delivery cam. Do not let the machine stand in this position any longer than necessary, as the heat from the pot mouthpiece might draw the temper in the mold.
If the arm 15 on the shaft 7 is set so as to cause too much overmotion stroke, the slide will be forced against the spaceband box chute to such an extent as to move the lower end of the chute. There should be no movement of the chute when the delivery slide is at its extreme right stroke. If the cam roller arm 15 is adjusted so that the slide returns too far to the right, in all probability the slide will not be positioned far enough in the delivery channel on a waiting line and the end matrices will squabble or twist.
Delivery Slide Casting Stroke Adjustment. — The stroke to the left (or casting stroke) is regulated by the screw 2, Fig. 37, in the face plate. Set the screw so that the right side of the short finger is 13/32" from the right side of the first-elevator jaws shown in the detail drawing, Fig. 37. Should the ad- justment be made so that the slide does not enter the first-elevator jaws the full distance, the end matrix (right side) will rub the vise jaw in the region of the matrix cell, and in some cases cause hair lines by breaking down the thin side wall of each matrix contacting with the jaw.
Delivery Slide Stopping Pawl Plate Adjustment.— After the above ad- justments have been made, set the plate on the stopping pawl 18 in the de- livery cam 21 so that when the delivery slide is sent over, the roller 3 will push the pawl 1/64" clear of the upper stopping lever 19 in the vertical lever bracket.
In regard to this adjustment, it is taken for granted that the stopping pawl is located 15/16" from the edge of the cam, the stopping pawl rests
78
THE INTERTYPE
15
13
ELEVATOR TRANSFER CAM
FIG. 37. — Perspective Drawing of the Delivery Slide, the delivery lever Ify, and the air cushion cylinder arrangement. The supporting bearings have all been stripped away to show how the parts are connected. The shaft 7 passes through the machine column from the front to the rear. The lever Ify, fastened to the shaft 7, is connected to the delivery slide by a link 5. At the rear of the lever shaft 7 is fastened an adjustable arm 15, having a split hub which grips the shaft and is held tightly by the screws 1 and 1.
When the delivery slide is released by the action of raising the assembling elevator, the delivery pawl 1, Fig. 36, is thrown down and out of engagement
THE DELIVERY SLIDE 79
with the short finger 6. The delivery slide through the spring 10, Fig. 37, con- nected to the shaft 7 by the spring arm 8, starts rapidly on a horizontal line in the face plate slide track, toward the left, to convey the matrix line from the assembling elevator, through the delivery channel into the first-elevator jaws. Upon reaching the delivery channel the speed of the slide is cushioned by the piston 12 compressing the air in the cylinder. The speed of the slide is brought under control but is not entirely shut off, since the adjustable vent 11 at the top of the cylinder permits enough air to escape to cause the slide to continue at a slower speed to the first elevator, where it is stopped by the adjustable stop screw 2.
At the same instant the slide is stopped in its stroke to the left by the stop screw 2 in the face plate, the arm roll 3 engages the plate on the automatic stopping pawl 18, pivoted in the delivery cam 21 and pushes it from the upper stopping lever 19, which permits the clutch to go into action, starting the ma- chine. The first elevator descends to the vise, taking with it the matrix line from between the long finger 13 upon the block 4 and the short finger 6 fas- tened to the block 17. The delivery slide remains in a stationary position until the first elevator has gone fully down to the vise cap with the matrix line. The revolving delivery cam 21 then engages the cam roller 3 upon the cam roller arm 15, returning the slide to normal position. When the delivery cam 21 has revolved far enough to cause the cam crown 20 to be in engagement with the delivery lever arm roller 3, the delivery slide short finger 6 will be overthrown 1/16" beyond the end of the delivery pawl 1, Fig. 36. The pawl by action of the spring 5, Fig. 36, holds the slide at normal position until it is again depressed by the action of raising another matrix line by the assembling elevator.
A waiting line is one that the operator has sent in before the machine has made one revolution. The line waits in the delivery channel; as soon as the machine has finished one revolution, the shape of the cam 21, Fig. 37, is such that the spring 10 will cause the cam roller 3 to follow it and the waiting line will be automatically delivered to the first elevator. While the line is waiting, it is held within the delivery channel by the delivery lever arm cam roller 3 resting against the shallow surface 22 of the delivery cam 21.
upon or overlaps the upper stopping lever y^", and that when the delivery slide has made its extreme stroke to the left, that the short finger is 13/32" inside the first-elevator jaws. The above three adjustments checking all right, the plate on the stopping pawl may be set so that when the delivery slide is resting against the stop screw in the face plate at the left of the machine, the roller will push the stopping pawl 1/64" clear of the upper stopping lever.
Delivery Slide Link.— The slide is connected to the front lever U, Fig. 37, by a link 5, on the top of which is mounted a safety tongue spring. In case of an accidental interference with the return stroke of the slide, such as raising a line in the assembling elevator before the slide has returned to normal, the link will be disconnected from the lever. It is easily slipped into the bearing again by placing the end of the link against the screw stud in the delivery slide bar and compressing the parts.
From the above description of the delivery slide cam roller arm and lever link, it will be seen that the parts are amply protected against breakage in case of an accidental interference with the return stroke of the slide.
The tension of the lever spring 10 can be regulated by turning the hook 9. The spring is connected to the shaft by the spring arm 8. 'When once set, this adjustment will last indefinitely.
80 THE INTERTYPE
As a safety feature, the long finger IS, is split or hinged. Between the joint is located a small spring and detent to keep the parts in line. Should the operator's finger get caught, or a spaceband lodge in the delivery chan- nel, the hinge will give and prevent any injury.
On the first style delivery slides a small spring is placed at the right of the adjusting rod 16 to take up lost motion in the connection between the two fingers. Occasionally, this spring will break and interfere with the return stroke of the slide to such an extent that the delivery pawl cannot engage the short finger. The spring should then be replaced. A broken adjusting rod spring will also permit the end matrices in a loose line to turn at an angle and cause a front squirt.
Delivery Slide Friction Shoe. — On the later machines, above the long finger 13, and forming a part of the block 4, is mounted a leather-lined fric- tion shoe 23, and spring. The shoe bears against the front of the upper track in the face plate. Its purpose is to hold the long finger in a stationary posi- tion until the delivery slide has advanced far enough to close in any open space that may be present between the long finger and the matrix line. In other words, if an operator is setting a 17-em measure and a 16-em line is sent over, the shoe 23 will not permit the long finger 13 to move until the de- livery slide has advanced the matrix line against the finger. This prevents end matrices falling out of the line or squabbling, which might result in a front squirt. When changing measures, the operator should always set the long finger with the lower end close to the assembler slide finger.
Delivery Slide Speed Regulation. — The delivery slide makes its casting stroke under control. This is accomplished with an air cylinder fastened at the rear of the machine column and a piston 12 connected to the lever.
It should be understood that the delivery slide in making its casting stroke, starts rapidly, and as it enters the delivery channel, is slowed down or cushioned by the piston working in the cylinder under compression. An adjustable vent 11, at the top of the cylinder regulates the speed of the stroke of the slide.
On a waiting line, the stroke of the slide should cushion softly as it enters the delivery channel. Screws will work loose on the slide parts if the speed is not properly regulated.
In case the delivery slide is not released when the assembling elevator engages the lug 2 of the delivery pawl 1, Fig. 36, remove the pawl, place it in a bench vise and bend the lug down a trifle. This will give the assembling elevator more leverage against the pawl to release the delivery slide.
Delivery Slide Piston Packing Lubrication. — Occasionally, oil the leather piston packing 12, Fig. 37, and the inner chamber of the cylinder. The leather should be soft and pliable. If not properly fitting against the cylinder wall, speed regulation cannot be obtained. The first style cylinder has a removable cap with a washer packing between the cap and top of the cylinder. It is an easy matter to oil the leather occasionally after removing the cap. The new
THE DELIVERY SLIDE
81
FIG. 38.— The Delivery Channel, which supports the matrix line while the de- livery slide is conveying it to the first elevator. There are supporting rails for normal and auxiliary-positioned matrices and grooves for the spaceband sleeve lugs.
style cylinder can be oiled by sending the delivery slide over and applying the oil with a swab from the bottom of the cylinder.
If the vent hole 11 is closed too much, the slide will travel slowly from the delivery channel to the first-elevator jaws.
The leather piston head packing in time wears down and will need re- newal. If air escapes from between the packing 12 and the cylinder wall, so that adjustment of the vent does not cause the delivery slide to enter the de- livery channel with a cushion stroke, on a waiting line, it may be necessary to put one or two muslin washers under the packing ring so as to expand the leather against the cylinder wall, afterwards adjusting the vent 11 at the top of the cylinder.
Use dry graphite to lubricate the delivery slide track. If a mixture of oil and graphite is present in the slide, the combination will make a sticky mess, and the slide will travel sluggishly, let alone the danger of oil fouling the matrices. Clean the track with gasoline. An insect powder gun effectively puts the graphite where it is wanted.
82 THE INTERTYPE
The Delivery Channel
The ends of the delivery channel rails, right side, shown at 1, Fig. 38, and the matrices will become burred if the assembling elevator is continually raised with considerable force. These burrs must be removed or they will in- jure other matrices. The delivery slide, for the same reason, should have its speed retarded sufficiently so that it will enter the channel properly.
It is possible to spring the front plate of the delivery channel towards the back plate, in case the first style upper first-elevator slide gib is not adjusted so that when closing the vise, the right side of the first-elevator jaw will not strike the left side of the delivery channel front plate. When the front plate is deflected inwardly the speed of the delivery slide will be retarded. The spacing from the inside of the front plate rail to the back plate rail will be right when there is approximately .005" play between a new pi matrix and the plate rails. See pages 93 and 95 for adjustment of the gibs.
Chapter XII
FIRST ELEVATOR AND VISE AUTOMATIC
As mentioned previously, the line of matrices and spacebands is trans- ferred from the assembling elevator by the delivery slide to the first-elevator jaws. The first elevator is a means of supporting the matrix line, presenting it to the mold for alignment of the letters during justification of the spacebands and holds the line in a justified position while the cast is being made, and afterwards lifts or elevates the matrix line, together with the spacebands, to a level with the transfer channel at the top of the face plate, where the mat- rices and spacebands are pushed into the transfer channel, in order that the matrices may be lifted by the second elevator which returns them to the dis- tributor. The spacebands are returned to the spaceband box by the spaceband transfer lever pawl.
The first elevator consists of a long cast iron slide positioned vertically at the front and to the left of the machine. The slide is guided vertically by gibs, and its position is sustained by a cam through a lever pivoted on a shaft at the rear of the machine. The lever's connection with the driving cam is through an auxiliary lever carrying a small roller.
The first-elevator cam promotes all upward movement of the first eleva- tor. All downward movement of the slide is effected by its own weight as de- pressions in the cam permit.
The first-elevator lever and slide are connected by a link, consisting of two eyebolts, a cylinder and a spring. The link is so arranged that when the elevator rises to make alignment of the matrices, the lever urges the elevator upwards through pressure of the spring in the link. The spring pressure is used again as the elevator comes to transfer position where the matrices and spacebands are moved into the transfer channel.
It will be noticed that there is a slight compression of the link and top eyebolt when the first elevator rises for matrix alignment, and also when the elevator is being seated at its top stroke opposite the transfer channel. This spring link between the lever and slide eliminates what is called "metallic shock" and provides flexible overmotion.
The first-elevator head, is composed of two jaws (front and back) sepa- rated by an oblong steel separating block at the left side, of a thickness to exactly permit entrance and egress of matrices. The right side of the jaw is open so that matrices may enter with the delivery slide or be transferred from the jaws by the finger in the transfer slide. Two screws passing through the three parts hold the jaws together. The jaws are held in position on the slide by a key and by two large screws passing through the front jaw into the slide.
84
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 39. — View of the First-Elevator Back Jaw broken away to show how mat- rices are held in the front jaw by means of the normal and auxiliary rails. The upper edge of the adjusting bar or normal rail 4, supports the low matrices which will cast roman characters. The high alignment or duplex rail 1, sup- ports the raised matrices, which will cast italic or bold face characters.
The matrix line in this figure will be held in this position (two levels) until the first-elevator slide has risen to transfer position after the cast, where the duplex rail 1 will be retracted at an angle of 45 degrees from under the raised matrices, which will permit them to drop to a common level with the matrices that are in normal position; the line will then be transferred to the second ele- vator and returned to the distributor.
The small spring 2 returns the duplex rail to normal position again as the first elevator descends from transfer position. The line stop 8 is adjustable to the length of line being set and prevents the end matrices falling over during movements of the elevator.
First-Elevator Aligning Rails. — The jaws have rails which register with grooves or rails of the delivery channel. One of these rails receives matrices which are in normal position, as previously explained in reference to the two-letter matrix, and is fixed as to position. The back part of this rail in the front jaw is also called the adjusting bar, and is held in place in the front jaw by five screws. This bar supports matrices for facewise alignment — that is, all matrices bank against the bar so that all letters on the slug will be of even height. During normal or roman letter alignment, the top of this bar raises the matrices vertically, which makes all letters align at the bottom.
The Duplex Rail. — The other rail is called the duplex rail, and is movable. This rail supports matrices in auxiliary position in the first elevator and is used principal^ when casting italic or bold-face type. The object in having this duplex rail movable is to drop the matrix line from auxiliary to normal
FIRST ELEVATOR AND VISE AUTOMATIC
85
FIG. 40a. — First-Elevator Jaw Closing Pin. This drawing shows the first style method of support- ing end matrices in the first-ele- vator jaws, while the matrix line is being lowered to the vise cap, and raised from casting to trans- fer positions. The closing pin 1 is held out so matrix lines may en- ter the jaws while the elevator is standing at normal position, by lug 6 bearing on the cam k, mounted on the upper right-hand slide gib, through pressure of the spring 5. As the elevator descends to casting position the lug 6 slips from the cam 4 which permits the pin 1 to close over the end of the matrix line. As the elevator is about to seat upon the vise cap, the lug 8 coming into contact with cam 4 retracts the closing pin 1 again. After the cast, the elevator rises, and pin 1 closes through pressure of the spring 5.
= -SZ-S-SS SS~:s -.—• -
86
THE INTERTYPE
FIG. 40b. — New Style First-Elevator Jaw De- tents. The small triangular detents are held in place by the flat springs. These hardened de- tents permit matrices to slide from the first- elevator jaws with a rolling spring resistance and effectively prevent end matrices tumbling from the jaws. The detents can be turned to present a new edge as they wear down.
position just before transfer to the second elevator takes place, or, in other words, all matrix lines are transfered from the first to the second elevator in normal position from the fixed rail in the front jaw of the first elevator.
The Spaceband Rail or Groove. — A third rail or groove is put in the jaws to support the spacebands which justify the lines. The sleeve or short slide of the spaceband has projecting ears which enter these grooves. The long wedge of the spaceband is movable vertically during justification of the ma- trix line, but the sleeve or short slide is fixed as to vertical position during justification and supports the spaceband in its travels from the assembling elevator until it is returned to the spaceband box. The spaceband rails or grooves also match similar grooves in the delivery and transfer channels.
In order to prevent matrices falling out endwise from the jaws while be- ing conveyed from normal position to casting position in the vise, or from the vise (after casting) to transfer position, a small spring and detent ar- rangement is mounted in the front and back jaws at the right, Fig. 40b. A double bar slide or adjustable line stop prevents them tipping over at the left, 3, Fig. 39. The position of matrices in the jaw at the right is always constant and at the left it varies, according to the length of line being set.
The first elevator starts its downstroke after receiving a line of matrices and spacebands from the delivery slide, the machine being set in motion by the action of the delivery lever arm roller pushing the stopping pawl from the upper stopping lever, which permits the clutch arm buffers to engage the driving pulley. At the instant the cams begin to revolve, the first elevator is permitted to go downward where it settles upon the vise cap. In doing this, it stops so that the lower back lugs or toes of the matrices register with one of the two grooves in the face of the advancing mold. The mold