ELIJAH CLARENCE HILLS • 1867-1932
Elijah Clarence Hills was, from 1922 till his death, first a Professor of Spanish and then Professor of Romance Philology at the University of California. A native of Illinois, reared in Florida, he graduated from Cor- nell in 1892 and studied in Paris; he was successively professor in Rollins College, in Colorado College, librarian of the Hispanic Society of America, and head for romance languages at Indiana University. For his distin- guished achievements in Spanish philology, he was made Knight Com- mander of the Royal Order of Queen Isabel.
In Professor Hills were combined vast and precise learning with extraor- dinary humanity. Though a grammarian and philologist, his teaching implied the great world. He had a talent for friendship: capable of the seclusions of the scholar and editor and born to an inviolable personal dig- nity, he possessed also an uncommon social charm which exercised itself in widening circles. His charity showed as kindliness, deference, toler- ance, the sharing of the possessions his long labors had accumulated. He was a wise collector of books, and specialized in Spanish lexicons. Mrs. Hills presented to the University of California his collection of books, one of which is here inscribed to his memory.
LETSSONS
IN
HAITIAN CREOLE
VViTll
SOME INFORMATION REGARDING
THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI
Arrange!! and compiled hy
Tlie Um ieJical, GeiiflariDerie rflalti
— »—»--»— —
printed by
Edmond CHENET,
435, Rue Roux, 435.
PORT-AU-PPvINCE, HAITI.
1921
N. M.SHAW
N. M. SHAw
NS
IN
HAITIAN CREOLE
WITH
SOME INFORMATION REGARDING
THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI
Arraigtil ml tiniillel Ij
Tie Seryjce Beiical, Gendarmerie d'Halti
printed by
Edmond Chenet,
435, Rue Roux, 435.
PORT-AU-PRINCE, HAITI.
1921
c.U.Ws uWr^vy
Table of contents
Pages
1 Preface.
2 A shorl history of (he
Gendarmerie U'Haiti. 1
3 A brief outline of llie iiislory of Haili. 9
4 Vocabulary. 25 o A few rules in Creole grammar. 71
6 Phrases. 72
7 Proverbs. .78
8 Numbers, days and months. 80
9 Additional data. 83
^
A^diiional copies of this book may be obtained from the Medical Dii'ecloi* of the Gendarmerie d'Haiti.
Price 0.
PREFACE
This lillle volume is inlended lo serve as an aid to the English speaking persons who are endeavoring lo learn the first principles of the Creole language as it is spoken in Haiti.
This booklet should be used as a sup-, plenient and guide in the actual practice of speaking with the natives.
The authority of the Chief of the Gen- darmerie has been obtained lo utilize the net proceeds derived from the sale of this book as a W'clfare fund for patients in the hospitals of the Gendarmerie.
This fund is to be expended under the supervision of the Medical Director of the Gendarmerie d'Haili, for the purpose of purchasing reading matter, games, phono- graphs, and other forms' of amusement for the patients. It may also be used for any other purpose which the Chief-of the Gen- darmerie may authorize.
This volume was originally started under the authority of the former Chief of the Gen- darmerie Lt. Col. F. M. Wise. U. S. M. C.
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Several Medical Officers of the Gendar- merie d'Haiti have taken part in the prepa- ration of this book. Medical Inspector C. J. Brown, Gendarmerie d'Haiti, Pharmacist G- G. Strott, U. S, Navy, and Lient. B.D.Shef- lield, Gendarmerie d'Haiti, have rendered active assistance in the compilation of this data.
Mr H. P. Davis of Port an Prince has written the chapter on the History af Haiti*
The vocabulary was arranged by Lieu- tenant Earl C. Beaulac, ^Service Medical, G. d'H., who, by the way has been credited as the most fluent speaker, among the American Occupation, of the Creole lan- guage.
The necessitv of a book of this kind is obvious to the long term residents in Haiti. To the ((newcomer)), we invile him to find any similar book on this subject. The chances are that he will be unable to pur- chase an}^ other reading matter which will serve as an outline in studying the Creole language.
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Oiir prime motive in liie publication of this matter is to facilitate and expedite the :adap(ation of the American military person- nel to the conditions in Haiti.
In order for the American Occupation to accomplish the best results in Haiti, it is considered desirable that members of the above organisation arriving in Haiti.acquire^ i)s soon as possible^ some knowledge of the country in which they are serving. For example, an elementary knowledge of the history of the Island, and the habits and trails of the natives, their laws, institu- tions, governments^ etc., is considered to be 11 help to the new arrivals in adjusting themselves to the environments.
A compilation of some of these facts is in- cluded in this book in order to render such data accessible.
In copclusion we wish to slate that we do not pose as an authority on such subjects nor do we wish to claim any originality^ This matter is a compilation of snch data Avhich \ve have collected from the various
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aulhqrities for our own information and the publication of such proved to be a second- ar}^ consideration.
W. L M'AHH. Lt. Commaniler. [MC] 0. S. NaYj
Medical Director^ Gendarmerie d Haiti.
Al^FROVED ;
B. C. M c. BOUGAL, Lt. Col. U.SJ.C.
ChieJ of the Gendarmerie d'Haiti.
Port-au-Prince, Haiti, July 1, 19^1
A Sliorf listorj of k Mwrnm Um
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The Gendarmerie d'Haili was organized in ac- cordance wiih Article « X ., of ihe Convenlion of September 16, 1915, between Ihe Governments of he Un.led Slates and ihe Republic of Haiti, quo- led as follows; ■ *
« The Hailieu Government obligates itself for the preservation of domestic peace, the secu- nty of individual riglils and the full observance of he provisions ot this treaty; to create with oiU delay an efficient constabulary (gendar- merie ), urban and rural, composed of native ttdiiens. This constabulary (gendarmerie) Shall be organized and oincered by Americans, appointed by the President of the United T p. "'''''^" Government shall clothe these officers with the proper and necessary authority and uphold them in Ihe performance of their functions. These officers shall be re- placed by Hailiens as they, by examination con- ducted under direction of a board to be select- ed by the Senior American Officer of this constabulary (gendarmerie), in the presence of a representative of the Haitien Government
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are found to be qbalified to assume such du- ties. Hie .conGtab'urarV ( gendarmerie ) herein provided for, shall, under the direction of Ihe Hailien Government, have supervision and con- trol oi arms and ammunition, milit:\iy sup- plies, and traffic (herein, throughout the coun- try. The hioh contracling parties agree that the stipulations in (his article are necessary to prevent factional strife and disturbances. »
Shortly after the Occupation, July 25, 1915, on 'he anticipation of a tTrealy which was to autho- rize the Gendarmerie, tentative plans of organiza- tion were drawn up and details were made of commissioned and non— commissioned officers from Ihe Occupation for duty in connection with recruiting and mobilizing (his new force. This work was started early in September 1915, and by June 1916, out of a field of apparent barren ground, the Gendarmerie became a corps of considerable worth— comprising an established force of 123 of- ficers and 2 533 men, fully equipped, and organized into 19 companies, distributed to 140 poslslhrough- out Ihe Republic of Haiti.
The Gendarmerie took over the division of Pub- lic Woiks from the Marine Corps Detachments stationed throughout the Island, and until Ihe spring of 1917 had supervision o/er the construe-- lion of roads, telephone and telegraph systems, and general public woiks improvement ot the
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Island. In June 1919, or there about, this detail was turned over to the Engineer of Haiti. During the period in which the Gendarmerie had direct charge of this worlc, many miles of road were constructed. To this date, in the interior of the Island, and even in some of Ihe large sea coast town?, the Gendarmerie representative ( oflicer ) stationed there still retains a supervisory position over the Public Works within his distiicl.
A similar function, in regard to the Public Health Service, was also performed by^ the Gen- darmerie, piior to the organization of the present Sanitary Service of Haili. During that time the Geu'larmerie performed such functions as the es- tablishment of outlying hospitals, the general clean- ing up of cities and towns occupied by the Gen- darmerie, sanitary inspections, quarantine and the like.
The Gendarmerie functions as a military police force or constabulary, corresponding closely to the <( Texas Ranger's », « Northwest Mounted Police » etc : it executes the laws of the country, it is res- ponsible for the administration of prisons. Eveiw section of llaiii, even the most remote, is visited at intervals by the ofticer personnel of the Gen- darmerie. Its influence extends into every town, hamlet, and individual home in the Republic.
It would be vei'y difficult to give a worthy ac- count of the many difliculties and obstacles over- come in Ihe materialisation of the original [ilans
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of the organization. Its birlh occurred at a time Avhen the general allilnde of Ihe population to- ward Ihe Occupation was extremely adverse ; owin^r to frequent revolutions tliPre was lillle res- ided for anihorifv, there was much ilh'teracv, and tlie siandard of physiral type was low. Certain physical standards had been eslablish^d and in consequence thp rpciMiitin^ of a force of 8 000 men ^onformmg to tin's c;»anr|prd horderpd on impo^isi- In'lilv. It WIS soniplimps necPscRiy |o examine 2.000 men to fill a cnmpnnv of 120.
These conditions did not consHfule the only and fTTPnlest dirR(-nllips met with. There were bar- rncks In he prpctpd, or pxi^itin? suitable buildings lind to bp rpponstrnc'ed to se^'vp as harracks ; re- Q-nI?>iion<^ for fl)P crovprnmpnt of the Gendarmerie anrl hiIps of i^olice to conform to the oivil, rural and nennl eod^s of Hn'fi h^d to be written and tanoht to Ihe m^n : and lhp»'P wa=? ttie ahnost insnrmpiintabjp fpsk of tpnrhinnr (his law nndis- pinh'n^d mai^s the sphonl of Ihp srmad. Difficulties wprp fnrlhpr inci'parpd 'hrongh thp diff^^rences in toneneoftpacheran'l pnpil ; ihe pupil speakinga very 'ow patois French and the tenclier. except in a very few instances, speakina onlv English. Tiie mi- terial nart was accom])lished with only very mea- gpr allowancps of moupy, for in Ihp bpp^inning lhp,'P wns no provision of funds made for cons- truction of barracks, ho.^pilals, lh3 purchase of
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uniforms, rifles and equipment, whieh was all ef. fected thronofi great economy of the funds allotted to nnnnal maintenance. Great physical hardships were also met wifh at the same time, for each company was allotted approximately 1000 square miles of territory to police, requiring long difficnU. trips over the worst of trails and mountain pj^sses.
For purposes of administration the G-ndarme- )'ie is divided into two dep^^rtments, eadi com- manded bv a Colonel. The Artibonite Valley and all territory south of it forms the Dennrtment of ihe South, while all territory north of the valley forms the Deoartment of the North. Each Depart- ment i« divided into districts, sub-districts and nosts. Di^triprs are normally commanded by Cap- tains, snb-dis!ricts by Lienlenan(s, and posts by non-commissioned officers. The boundaries of a district correspond c^o^ely to that of the old commune.
Af thp head of fhe o^cranization is the Chief of fhe Gendarmericwho holds the rank of Major Gene- ral, and whose headquarters are at Port-an-Prinre, the Capital. His staff consists of the Assistant Chief fa Brigadier General,) the Ouartermaster fa Colonel,) the Medical Director fa Colonel), the Intelligence Officer fa Major), and the Adjutant (a [lieutenant ).
Thft Assistant Chief has additional dnties as the officer in charge of prisons, which are adminis- tered by the Gendarmerie personnel.
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The Medical Director is Ihe h^^^ad of the Medical Department, which consisis of Iwo Inspectors, each wi!h the vr.nk of Major, ten Lieutenants and sixty one native hospital corpsmen. Medical alten^ tiori is accorded all of the Gendarmerie personnel ^*nd all prisoners. Each sub-district has a trained hospital corpsman.
The National Penitentiary at Port-au-Prince was remodeled and much additional construction was accomplished hy the Gendar'merie. The sanitation was p^reatly improved, many modern convenien- <"es were installed, cells w^ere enlarged, ventilation was improved, and in every respect this prison will now compare favorably with any prison in the world.
The Haitien Coast Guard consisted orginally of three auviliary schooners, the ((Republic,)) the <»: Indpppnd nice, » and the ^< Pi'ogress, » all manne^i by Gend.umprie personnel. The ((Republici> was IvM^ned r.t Sr Marc and ihe Progress w^ent ashore an 1 was wrecked at Aux Cayes. The « Haiti d was pnr(M]a-ed in 1918 and was sold two years later. The ((Independence,)) the remaining ship, is a Iwo masted auxiliary schooner, and is miu" ned hy Ihree ofticers and 15 enlisted men. It was formerly a racing yacht and at one time won a cup in a race from INewYork to Bermuda.
Invaluable services have been rendered hy the Gendirmerie toward the pacification of the country, The Gendarmes have proven dependable
in times of stress and hardslii(3,arid there are many instances of bravei y, valor ard devotion woilhy of the greatest praise, and which redound to the
credit of the organization
*-*Tti^=fe^=^lj^:$^
^
A BRIEF OUTLINE
OF The History of Haiti
In reviewing ihe history of Haiti, one is struck with the fact Ihal, since the discovery by Colum- bus, |condilioiis on ^he islands have alternated helween short periods of prosperity with bright promise for Ihe future and a state of anarchy and rehehion, accompanied by their irjseparable corn- panioris, destruction of economic lesources and limi(ation of progress.
It is as impossible to question llie heroism and r^nergy of the early Spanisl] adventurers as it is to deny that their ciueliy and greed resuUed in the complete desfruclion of the race which on their uirival vv^as the owner of Ihe soil and wliich by all laws of hi]niani(y and expediency, should have been fostered and prolected. The history of Fi'ench colonial government in Haiti, exceptnig for Ih^ material progress achieved, was little bellei'. Both Spain and France lust [hnv exceedingly valuable colonies through lack ot consideraliua of diclales of hun:ai,iiy.
— 10- Discovery 1492
After lanrling at San Salvador on the inih of October, 1402, and touching at some of Ihe islands of Ihe Haliama group, Columbus sighted the coast of Cuba on October 28 h.
Disappointed at not finding on this island, which he took to be the mainland of Asia, the f.ibled cities of \farco Polo, he cruised along the coast, and rounding the Eastern extiemily of Cuba, saw in the distance the mountains of Haiti. The Admi- ral had heard from the Indi ins rumors of the riches of Babeque and, hoping ihat the high mountains in Ihe distance marked 'ihe shore of this mylhical island, he set sail and on the evening of December Gih, entered a fine harbour which he named Mole St. Nicolas.
On the I2lh of December, 1492, the Admiral landed at the Ba\e des Mousliques, there erected • a cross and took possession of Ihe island, whicli he named Hispanola,
^^. Wreck of Santa Maria
Sailing along Ihe Noilh coast and '^landing at Tortugp, a small island direclly north of Ihe pre- sent town of Port-de-Paix, Columbus entered Ihe Bay of A3ul, and continuing his voyage a few days later was wrecked on a reef ofT Ihe small town of Pelit-Anse at the entrance of the harbour of
I
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Cap-Haitien. The flagship « Santa Maria » was a complete loss, and, linding the Indians friendly and not having room for all of his men, the Ad- miral decided to call for volunteers to remain on the island, while he returned to Spain to report his discoveries and secure assisiance in establish- ing a colony.
The contrast between the hardships of a long tedious trip, in an overcrowded boat, and the indo- lent life of Ihe savages so appealed to his men, that Columbus h ul no difficully in securing ihe necessaiy volunteers, and having erected, with the friendly help of the Indians a tower from the materials saved from the wreck, he sailed for Spain.
First Settlement by White Men
La Navidad, as Columbus named this hastily constructed fortress, was therefore the fust settle- ment of white men in the Western Hemisphere.
It was almost a year later before Columbus again sighted the mountains of Haiti and found his settlement destroyed and also learned that his colony had been exterminated by the Indians.
Founding of Isabella 1493
Colnmbus appears to have realized that this, the first massacre of a Whites i), was justilied by
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outrageous treatment of peaceably disposed and friendly Inciians, and instead of waiting io punish the natives, he sailed to the East, and about mid- Way botween the present town of Monte ("hristi and Porto Plnta ( UominioRn Republic ) founded thR first rpal Sftttlement of Europeans in the new world, which he named « Isabella » in honor of his sovereign.
The choice of this locality was nnforlunafe and the settlement was soon abandoned, the Spnniards Rradnally spreading out over the eastern half of the island, and by their horrible cruelly and greed for eold left in their wake a devastated country and a desolated population.
The Spaniards found on their arrival a popula* lion variously estimated at from 800.000 to 2.000 TOO peaceable, amiable but indolent and self-in- dulgent aborioinah, living in an environment de- signed by nature for just such people.
Aboriginal Government
The Government, tvpifi d i)y five '* Caciques " or chiefs, wiiile arbitrary, wis confined to the simplest element of tribal control.
Labor was performed only as the necessities of the people demanded tlie slight exertion inci- dent to the cullivalion of the crops that beneficent Nature had provided.
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Cruelty of Spaniards
This simple and essentially kindly government wns superceded by Ihe brutal administration of Spanish adventurers v^hose sole object was to se- cui'e as much i(old as the labor of the enslaved na. tives could produce from the accumulated depo- sits in the streams.
The history of Spanish rule in Santo Domingo, dming the first one hundred years, while glorious in achievement, in so far as the spiiit of the times was concerned, was typical of Ih^ Spanish method of colonization, which, pursued until 1898, resulted finally in Ihe loss of all Spanish posses- sions in America.
In 1508, sixteen years after the discovery, the native population was reported -to the Spanish coui't as not over 60.000 and in 1514 it was esti- mated that the total aboriginal population of the island did not exceed 14.000 souls.
Inceptioa of Slave Trade 1510
Negroes, imported from Africa to replace the ra- pidly disappearing Indians, were trealed with ex- traordinary cruelty. The records ot the slave trade wi^ S;uilo Domingo are periiaps the most dis- tressing in the annals of this unforlunale traffic in Humanity.
The establishment of tljie French in Haiti was the direct result of Ihe short-sighted policy of the Spanish Roy^l and Snpreme Council ot tlie Indies, which passed law\s prohibKing trade by other nalions wilh ihe uqw woild.
In direct defiance of ihese measures, French, Engh'sh. and Dutch traders, supported at least in spiiit by their government, dealt more or less openly with Ihe Spanish selllements. From Ihi^, trade developed the privateers, buccaneers and pirates which for many years infested the Cariib- bean waiers.
Inception of French interests in Haiti 1630
In 1630 refugees from one of the small sellle- menls of privateers which Ind been destroyed by Spanish warships landed on Tortuga Island, and from this desperate lilile band of Frerjch, Dutch and Efiglish grew, in time, a settlement of « free- booter's » or "Brethren of the S-'a, " who, by their habit of curing the meat of wild Citlle over sma 1 fires or*' bucans", became kuowMi as .(Buc- caneers. ))
In 16G7 Ihe Ishuid of Tortuga passed under the control of the Government of Fiance, t
Spain recognizes French claims 1697
Increasing in numbers and influence under Ihe energetic rule of the French governors, these
people graliially buit settlements ou the main- land and in 1697 Spain recognized (he claim ol France to approxim itely ihe area now included in tlie Repnblic of Haiti.
The Fren^di rule in this rapidly increasing co- lony was the very antithesis of thai of Spain. Ra- pid strides were made in agriculture and ^ from the bpginning of the eighteenth century until the Frencli revolution was, with short intervals of depression, a period of progress unequaled in the history of colonial development.
. Introduction of Sugar cane
The extraordinary success wliich attended the introduction of sugar cane resulted in an increa- sing demand for negros slaves. Between the years 1680 and 1790 over 1 OOl.OOO negros were impor- ted into the colony. In 1728 the number of slaves, in spitft of a tretn^ndoas m )rial'ty, wis estimated at 50 000 and in 1793 at over 480.000.
Records of the colonial government for 1790 show that there were in the colony :
Whites, 30 331 exclusive of P'rench troops
Negi'o slaves 434.429 » a domestic slaves
" (( « 46.0i>0 (estimate ) «
Mnlattoes 24.000 (estimate )
In the first « Buccaneer » settlement there were no white women and later in the French settle- ments women were in the minority. The conse-
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qaent union of whites with negro slaves resulted in the development of a mulatto caste which in time assumed vit^l importance in tlie polilical life of the colony.
The slave trade and the commerce with San Do- mingo engaged over one-lhird of Ihe merchant marine of France. The exports from ihis colony were produced from over 3.000 indigo planta- tiptis, 2.800 (^olTee plantations, 792 sugar planta- tions, 69 cocoa plantalions, 705 cotton plantations and many distilleries of rum and many tanneries. - Over 2 500.000 acres of l;md were in cultivation and, approximately 400.000 slaves were employed in the fields.
The polilical history of French San-D.^mingo from 1789 to the Declaration of Independence by Dessalines in IStM is far too complicated to review HI this brief outline.
Political conditions in France
During this period Ihe French nation threw oiT tlie yoke of a degenerate royaUy, and established a Republic. Political conditions in France pro- foundly affected the colonies and in French San Dominao in particular opened the way to vitally Important changes.
Movements started in E'igland to ameliorate the condition of the Black Race, spread to France and there centered largely in a semi-political
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canpaign to assist the mulattoes in the French colony of San Domingo.
From Ihis movement came the support of the ill-fared attempt of Oge and Chavannos to secure equah'ly for the mulalloes.
The Mulattoes
The '' people of color, " as the mulattoes called themselves, occupied a most unfortunate position in the colony. Many of them were educated, and conducted large and profitable plantations. They were, however, granted no political or civil rights and the '' Whites ", dissatisfied with the home government and at war among themselves nnitpd only in a determination to deny to the mulattoes any semblance of civil, social, or poli- tical equMlity.
Political chancres in France reacted on colonial conditions and led to internal dissension among the whites, conflict with the mulattoes and final- ly to a revolt of the *' blacks '\
The succpssf'ul revolt of the slaves in French San Domingo accomplished a revolution more sweem'ng in lis pfFects on the social and political condition of the victors than any in the annals of history. The gi'eat mass of densely ignorant and half-savage blacks profiuced such extraordinary characters as Touss^int Louverture, Dessalines and Ciuistophe, and from the compaialively small
number of mulaltoes, Petion, Boyer and many nioie met] of unusual ability.
Tlie lesult of (his revoluUon was a complete change in the fundamental basis of the social and economic situation of the country, in Ihe incep- tion of a new nation and ihe expulsion of the while race lioni a land which Ihey had develot)ed to an extremely high state of productiveness.
It is hopeless lo atlempt in this brief review to follow closely Ihe progress of this long-drawn-out and complicaled struggle for freedom. The French fighting among ihemselvrs contributed lo Iheir own ruin : both England and Spam, at war with France, at various times attempted to secure this much coveted colony and by their interferenge added to the unforlunale lerords of a period of savage and inhumane warfare.
Toussaint Louverture
Led by Toussaint Louverlnre, one of, if not the greatest of the black race, Ihe slaves finally secured what amounted to complete frecilorn and even conquered the Spanish part of the Island, and un- der the wise rule of their great leader governed it fairly and cfticienily.
Final Expulsion of ihe Whites
Napoleon, finding in Europe no more worhis lo conquer, (inally decided to regain iiis lost colony
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and despatched under his brolher-in-Iaw, General Leclerc, an expedition of over 25.000 of his finest troops.
The struggle, renewed and accompanied by acts almost inconcievable in their barbarous cruelty, finally led to the withdrawal of the French, who. decimated by disease, were only too glad to depart with the remnants of as fine an army as had ever crossed the seas.
Dessalines 1804-1806
Toussaint, who had been sent to France in chains, died in prison, and WdS succeeded by the ferocious Dessalines, who, with the aid of such lieutenants as Christophe and Petion, represenl:- ing the two divisions of the race, finally on Janua- ry 1, 1804, proclaimed himself Governor-General for life. In October of the same year he was pro- claimed Emperor of « Haiti », the name of the aboriginals for (he country, and on October 17, 1806, he was assassinated, while on the way to quell a revolt against his authority.
The death of Dessalines plunged the country in to the first of the series of internecine, and suici- dal conflicts, which have since marred the pages of Haitian history.
Christophe and Petion Christophe and Petion, while serving under Des- salines in positions of almost equal power, dif-
e
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fered mentally, morally and physically, and their ideiis of Goveruineiit were as opposite as their characters.
Christophe, educated only in the hard school of slavery, and later through the years of struggle nnder negro leaders, sincerely believed in the form of govei-nment estibli^lied by Toussaint, and continued by Dessalines. He was a natuial des- pot and planned for his countiy a dictatorship perhaps best suited to the needs of his people.
Petion. on the other hand, was highly educated and cultured, familiar with the European govern- ments, and sincere in his dreams for an ideal re- public based on the sull'iage of ihe people.
Christophe, confident of his control, prepared to assume the dictatoi ship laid down by his od chief. Petion, not trusting to a coiiflicl of torce, resorted to politics, and through his control ot Ihe Consiitutioual Assembly at Porl-au-Pnnce, dratted a ronstitution, based on his ideals, and so restric- tive of the powers of the President, that it was a foregone conclusion th.it his riv.il would have none of it.
Christophe was elected by the Asseaibly on December 25, 180i3, over the protests of his fol- lowers, who withdrew rather than vote for Peiion s rest; icLive consliuition.
As w.is lobe expecied, Christophe, ignoring his election, gathered his armies in the North and
advanced on Porl-au-Prince, near which town he met and defeated Petion on January 1, 1807.
Without following up this victory, Christophe returned to the North and on February 17lh was elected by his self-chosen Assembly (n President of the Stale of Hai(i ».
On xMa»^ch9th, of the same year, the Assembly of Port-au-Prince, elected Petion, President of the Republic of Haiti, while in the South, an insur- gent chief, Govuran, set up a government of his own.
Thus was inaugurated the Republic of Haiti, in a country of less than 10.200 square miles, and not over 500.000 inhabitants, there were three governments at war with each other, and each de- pendent upon the practically despotic will of its chosen ruler.
Christophe ruled as « President » until March; '1811, when he assumed the title of « Henri i, King of Haiti. ». On October 8, 18*20, finding his power gone and his people in revolt, he shot him- self on the s^eps of his wonderful palace of Sans Souci. The Kingdom of Haiti ; was on the dealli of Christophe consolidated with the Haitian Repub- lic.
Petion, after being re-elected for four years, and finally for life, served until March 29, 1819^ when he died in office and was followed by his close friend and chosen successor, Boyer, who united the whole Island under one government
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and ruled until deposed by « a parfy dovoled to liberfy » m 1813. This « liberly 0 did not materia- lizenndinthe next four yf^ars four Presidents lield oKice. Soulouque, elected President in 1847, not <iat!sfied with the almost despotic power of this office, crowned hijnself Etnperoi, ifi 1849, Kmperor Fauslin I, as Smlou^jue called himself. Avas overthrown by Geffrard \\\ 1859, who in luiii was forced to resign in 1867 after a sincere but unsuccessful attempt lo establish in Haiti a real democracy.
From 1867 to 1911, ten Presidents held office. In 1912, Lecoiite was blown up in the explosion of his pa'ace af(er a short term of one year. Inclu- ding Leconfe and Snm, who was murdeiel in the French Legalion in 1915, six Presidents held office in three years, In 115 years of independenco 27 conslituled rulers have gover'ued the Haitian people, fourteen of wliom liave served less than one year each.
Guiilaume Vilbrun Sam, elected to the Presiden- cy in March, 1915, was assassinated by a mob af- Ip.ra lurbulfHit ride of a liit'e over four mon'hs.
On ,)uiy '21th Sam was driven from his palace and took refuge in the French Legation. On the same day he ordered the murder of over 160 po- litical prisoners. On July28di, infuriated by this wanton killing, the populacCj led by some of the
- 23 —
mos\ prominent men in Haiti, dragged Sam from the French Legalioii and literally lore liim la pieces.
On the afternoon of Julj^ 28lli a detachment of the 1st Regiment, U. S. Marino Corps, was landed and gnards were placed at the French and Ame- )lcan legations and the Caserne. The following day patrols were established throughout the oily and Marine guar'ds took possession of the Bureau d'Arrondissement and the Arsenal.
On August 8lh, under the protection of the Ma- rines, the Senate elected to the Presidency, Philip Sndre Dartiguenave, for a term of seven years ending May 15, 1922.
Mnrfal law was declared on August 20t!i and on the 16th of September the present Tieaiy between the United States and Haiti was signed at Port-au* Prince.
On May 3, 1916, the Treaty wjs pi'oclaimed at Washington by the President of .the United States*
The present Gonstituiioii was ratified by popu- lar vote on June 12, 1918.
KVjiff^fejtfl^Sr-i—
N. Wl. SHA\
VOCABULARY
|
EiNGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Able |
capab |
kah pahb |
|
Above |
en haut |
ahn ho |
|
Abscess |
abces |
a lib say |
|
Absent |
pa la |
pah lah |
|
Accept |
acceple |
ahk sep tay |
|
Accident |
accident |
ahk see dahnt |
|
AccoQipagny |
acconipagne |
ah kome |)ahn yay |
|
Account |
conipt, bordro |
korrjt, bor drow |
|
Accurate |
juste |
je^st |
|
Accuse |
accuse |
ah kee zay |
|
Ache (an ache) |
doule |
doo ler |
|
Ache (to ache) |
te mal |
fell mahl |
|
Acide |
acide |
all seed |
|
Action |
action |
ahk see own^ |
|
Active |
actif |
akk teef |
|
Acquaintance |
connaissance |
kor nny sahns |
|
Add |
ajonle |
ahd djoo tay |
|
Admire |
ad mi I e |
ahd mee laj^ |
26 —
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATIOf |
|
Adult |
gran moun |
grahn moon |
|
Advance |
avance |
ah vahn say |
|
After |
apres |
ah pray |
|
Afoot |
a pied |
ah pee ay |
|
Afraid |
peur |
per |
|
Again |
encor |
ahn kor |
|
Age |
lage |
lahzh |
|
Agriculture |
la culture |
la keel tcher |
|
Aim |
vise |
vee zay |
|
Air |
Tair |
lair |
|
All |
tout |
toot |
|
Alligator |
caiman |
kah ee mahn |
|
Alligator pear |
zaboca |
zah bo kah |
|
Almost |
presque |
pres ker |
|
Alone |
sen I |
sel |
|
Already |
deja |
dey zhah |
|
Also |
aijssi |
oh see |
|
Always |
toujou |
too zlioo |
|
Ambition |
ambition |
am bee see own |
|
Ammunition |
munition |
mee nee see own |
|
Amuse |
amuse |
ah-mew-zay |
|
Anchor |
lane |
lahnk |
|
And |
et |
ay ' |
|
Angry |
fache |
fah-shay |
|
Animal |
animal |
ah-nee-mahi |
|
Ankle |
cheville |
sheh-vee |
|
Another |
gnoun I'aulre |
yoon-lole |
|
Answer |
repond |
ray-porn |
27-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Ants |
fonmi |
foo-mee |
|
Any |
niniport |
nem-port |
|
Any one |
nimport qui |
neni-port-kee |
|
Anything |
nirnport-bagay |
neni- port-by-guy |
|
Anywhere |
nimport-cote |
nem-port kor-tey |
|
Appear |
parete |
pali-rett |
|
Appetite |
appetic |
ah-pay-tee |
|
Apply |
applique |
ah-plee key |
|
Approach |
approche |
ah-prow-shey |
|
Arm |
bras |
brah |
|
Arrange ' |
range ^ |
ralin-zhey |
|
Arrest |
arrete |
ah-reh-tey |
|
Arrive] |
rive |
vee-vey |
|
Ashamed |
ronte |
hornt |
|
Ash |
cendre |
sahnd |
|
Ask |
mande |
mahn-dey |
|
Assassin |
assassin |
ah-sah-sen |
|
Assault |
assassine |
ah-sah-see-nay |
|
Associate |
associe |
ah-so-see-ay |
|
Attack |
allaque |
ah-(ah key |
|
Aunt: |
tanl |
tahnt |
|
Axe |
hache |
hahsii |
B
|
Baby (Child) |
pilit |
pee teat |
|
Back |
dos |
doe |
|
Back ol |
deye |
dey-yey |
|
-28~ |
||
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUxNCIATK |
|
Bad |
mauvais |
Mow vay |
|
Bag |
sac |
sahk |
|
Bai^gage |
bagage |
bah gahzh |
|
Bake |
enfouain |
ahn foo nay |
|
Baker |
boulanger |
boo lahn zhay |
|
Balance |
balance |
bah lahnss |
|
Bald |
chanv |
shove |
|
Rail |
boLii |
bull |
|
Ballot |
bulletin |
beel lehn |
|
Bamhoo |
banibou |
bahni boo |
|
Hanana |
fig |
fig |
|
Band |
band |
bahnd |
|
Banrlage |
bandage |
bahn dahzh |
|
Bank |
banqiie |
balink |
|
Banker |
hanqiiie |
bahnk yay |
|
Baptism |
Bapteni |
bali tehni |
|
Bar |
Bar |
bah |
|
Barber |
coiffeur |
kwor fer |
|
Rare |
nu |
nee |
|
Bark |
jape |
zhah pay |
|
Barracks |
caserne |
kah zern |
|
Barrel |
barrique |
bah reek |
|
Basin |
cuvet |
kee velt |
|
Basket |
panier |
pah nyey |
|
Bat |
batt |
Baht |
|
Bathe |
bingnin |
beyn yay |
|
Batlle |
Bataitle |
bah lye |
|
Bawl |
rhele |
re 11 ay |
-29-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Bay |
bale |
bay |
|
Bayonet |
bayonette |
bah-yo uett |
|
Beacon |
pilar |
phah |
|
Beans |
poi |
poo ah |
|
Beautiful |
belle |
bell |
|
Beard |
bab |
barb |
|
Beast |
bete |
belt |
|
Beat |
batt |
baht |
|
Because |
parce que |
pahss ker |
|
Bed |
cabann |
kah bahn |
|
Bed bug |
puneze |
pee nehz |
|
Bee |
nbeille |
ah bey |
|
Beef |
hoeuf |
befr |
|
Beet |
bettrave |
beh trahv |
|
Before |
avant |
all vahn |
|
Beer |
tnande |
mahn day |
|
Beggar |
mandian |
mahn dyahnt |
|
Begin |
coumance |
l\Oo mahn say |
|
Behavior |
condui |
korn dwee |
|
Behind |
deye |
dey yey |
|
Behold |
gade |
gah day |
|
Believe |
croue |
krweh |
|
Bell |
cloche |
klorsh |
|
Belly |
venle |
vahn It |
|
Below |
en bas |
ahn bah |
|
Belt |
ceinturoa |
sen tehee rowii |
|
Bench |
ban |
bahn |
|
Best |
pibon, meille |
pee bon |
-30-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIAT |
|
Belter |
mieu |
niee er |
|
Bi^^ger |
pi gro |
pee grow |
|
Bird |
zouezo |
zweh zow |
|
Bite |
morde |
mor day |
|
Biscuit |
biscuit |
bees kwcet |
|
Black |
noi |
noo ah |
|
Blndder |
vessi |
ves see |
|
Blanket |
laine |
lehnn |
|
Bones |
zo |
zoe |
|
Borrow, lend |
prete |
preh tay |
|
Boy |
gaQon |
gab sohn |
|
Break, broken |
cass6 |
kah say |
|
Breakfast |
dijone |
day zhay nay |
|
Brealh |
respire |
res pee ray |
|
Bfcad |
pain |
pehn |
|
Bring |
mener |
meh nay |
|
Broom |
balle |
bah lay |
|
Brother |
fr6 |
Ireh |
|
Bull |
toro |
loe row |
|
But |
min |
mev |
|
Butter |
be |
beh |
|
Cafe |
caffi |
kali fay |
|
Cake |
galo |
gah lo |
|
Call |
rele . |
ray lay |
|
Calabash |
calbas |
kahl bahss |
|
^31^ |
||
|
ENGLISH |
GRtoLE |
PRONUNCIATK |
|
Calm |
, calm |
kahm |
|
Can |
capab |
kah pahb |
|
Cane |
baton |
bah lone |
|
Candle |
bougie |
boo zhee |
|
Cannot |
pa capab |
pah kah pahb |
|
Canteen |
canline |
kahn teen |
|
Capable |
capab |
kah pahb |
|
Capacity |
capacite |
kah pah sea tay |
|
Capital |
capitale |
kah pee tahl |
|
Captain |
capitaine |
kah pee tenn |
|
Captive |
captive |
kahp tee vay |
|
Capture |
capture |
kahp tehee ray |
|
Card |
cart |
kart |
|
Caress |
caresse |
kah ress ay |
|
Carry |
pole |
por tay |
|
Cartridge |
cartouche |
kah toosh |
|
Casli |
cash |
kahsh |
|
Cassava |
cassav |
kah sab |
|
Coffin |
cprcueil |
ser kay |
|
Cat |
chalt |
stiabt |
|
Catcli |
quimbe |
keym bay |
|
Cattle |
beff |
beff |
|
Cause |
la cause |
lah kauze |
|
Cave |
cav |
kahv |
|
Cell |
cache |
kah sho |
|
Ceuient |
ciment |
see-mahnt |
|
Cemetery |
cimilie |
see-mee tyehr |
|
Ceremony |
cer^mcni |
seh-rey-mo-nee |
-32-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNGLVfJ |
|
Certify |
ccrlifie |
seh-tee-fyay |
|
CliMir |
chaise |
sheyz |
|
Chalk |
craie |
kray |
|
(^liange |
chang6 |
shahn zhay |
|
Character |
caraciere |
kah-rahk-teh |
|
Charcoal |
charbon |
shah-bohn |
|
Charge |
charge |
shah-zhay |
|
Charily |
chanle |
shah-ree-lay |
|
Cheap |
bon niarche |
bohn mall-shay |
|
Check |
cheque |
sheck |
|
Cheese |
homage |
tVo-mahzh |
|
Chest |
estomac |
ess-to-mahk |
|
Chicken |
poule |
pool |
|
Chief |
chef |
shell |
|
i:hill |
frisson |
fiee-sohn |
|
(Chocolate |
chocolat |
shor-ko-iah |
|
Choke |
louffe |
loo tay |
|
Chop |
hache |
hah shay |
|
Church |
eglise |
lay gleeze |
|
Circle |
cercle |
seek |
|
Jlilizen |
ciloyen |
see Iwoy ehii |
|
Civil |
civil |
see vef^l |
|
Clean |
propre |
prope |
|
Clock |
pendule |
pahn djeel |
|
Close |
femin |
feh may |
|
Clolh •• |
loile |
iwell |
|
Clolhes |
ihad |
rahd |
|
Coast |
la cote |
lah kort |
--::!3 —
ENGLISH
Coat
Cockroach
Codfish
Coffee
Cold
Colic
Collar
Collection
Collision
Color
Comb
Come
Command
Commerce
Commissary
Company
Compare
Complain
Compose
Compress
Compromise
Condemn
Confess
Confide
Confine
Connect
Consent
Consider
CREOLE
dolmann
lavele
Ian morue
cafe
fiett
colic
collie
collection
collision
coulenr
pingne
vini
commande
commece
comrnisse
compagiii
fe comparezon
pleingnin
compose
compress
compromett
condamne
confesse
confie
femin
juinn
consenti
considere
PRONUNGIATIQN
dol mahn^ ^
rah velt lahu mo rea kah fay frelt ko leek kol lyay ko lek cioii ko lee zione koo ler payng vee nee
kome ahnd day kome ess kom ee say kome pyne yee fell kome pah ray zon pleim yay kome po zay korm press korm pro mett korn dahn ay korn feh say korn fee ay feh may zliwenn korn sahn tee korn see day ray
• 34 -
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
|
CODSult |
consulte |
|
Content |
conient |
|
Continue |
continue |
|
Control |
coiiirole |
|
Cork |
coq |
|
Corn |
mais |
|
(A)r()oral |
caporal |
|
Correct |
correct |
|
Cot |
cad |
|
Cotton |
cotton |
|
Cou^h |
tousse |
|
Conld |
ta capab |
|
Cousin (massj |
1 couzin |
|
Consin ( fern ) |
couzine |
|
Cow |
vache |
|
Coward |
capon |
|
Crab |
crabb |
|
Cream |
creme |
|
Credit |
credi |
|
Cross |
travers6 |
|
Crow |
caou |
|
Cruel |
mediant |
|
Crnsh |
pile |
|
Cry |
crie |
|
Cultivate |
cultiv6 |
|
Cup |
lass |
|
Cure |
gueri |
|
Curse |
joure |
|
Cut |
coup6 |
PROiNUNCIATlON
korn seel tay korn l.ihn korn leen way korn tioi ny cork my ee kah po rahl ko rek kahd kor lone too suy tab kali pahb koo zen koo zeen vahsb kah pohn krabb krame kr( h dee trah veh say cow
may shahnt pee lay kree ay keel tee vay tahss gtW ree zhoo ray koo pay
-35- D
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNGIATI |
|
Daily |
chaq jou |
shack zhoo |
|
Damage |
domage |
do mahzli |
|
Dance |
danse |
daiin say |
|
Dinger |
tiang^ |
dahn zhay |
|
Daik |
fonce |
fohn say |
|
Date |
dat |
daht |
|
Day |
jou |
zhoo |
|
Danpfhter |
fi |
fee |
|
Dead |
mouri |
moo ree |
|
Denf |
e-'oud |
sood |
|
Dear |
Che |
share |
|
Uealli |
!a mor |
lah mor |
|
Debt |
delt |
dett |
|
Deceive, fool |
Irompe |
tron^e pay |
|
Decide |
decide |
day see day |
|
Decision |
decision |
day see zioii |
|
Declare |
declar6 |
day klah ray |
|
Decorate |
decore |
day ko ray |
|
Deep |
fon |
fohn |
|
Defense |
defense |
day fahnss |
|
Demand |
inande |
mahn day |
|
Denounce |
den once |
day nohn say |
|
Dentist |
denlis |
daiin tees |
|
Depot |
depo |
day po |
|
Depth |
profondeur |
pro forn der |
|
Descend |
decenn |
day sahnn |
|
Deserter |
deserte |
deh zer ley |
|
Desk |
bureau |
bee row |
|
Devil |
djab |
djab |
|
Diarihoea |
vantt passe - |
vahat pah say |
-36-
ExNGLlSH CREOLE PRONUNCIATION
Dice 20 zo
Die rnoiiri moo ree
Difference difference dee fey rahnce
Difficult difficil dee fee ceel
Dig fouye too yay
Dirt crass cialiss
Diily sal sahl
Discharge decliage day sliah zhay
Dish vesso veh so
Disobey dfesobei deh zo bay ee
Disorder desod dez ord
Distance distance dees talinss
Ditch rigole ree gawl
Divorce divoice dee vor say
Do f6 lay
Doclor docie dork teh
J)og chin shen
Dollar doia do lah
Donlvey bourique boo reelc
Don't (do not) pa fe pah fey
Door ' pott port
Dose doze doze
Double doub ttoob
Down en ba ahn bah
Dozen douzinn doo zenn
Drain seche seh shay
Draw lire tee ray
JJrawer tiroi tee wahr
Dress habille ah bee yay
Drill i-xece eggs eh say
Drink boue bweh
Drive condui korn dwee
|
--37- |
||
|
ENGLISH |
CRfiOLE |
PRONUxNCIATIO: |
|
Drop |
quite tomb6 |
kee tay lonie bay |
|
Drown |
neve |
nay yay |
|
Drunk |
fOU |
soo |
|
Drunkard |
foula |
soo lah |
|
Drv |
sec |
sek |
|
Duck |
canna |
kali nah |
|
Dust |
poussie |
poo see ell |
|
Duly |
sevice |
seh veece |
|
Ea( h |
chaque |
|
Ear |
zoreill |
|
Early |
bonn heur |
|
Kariii |
te |
|
Easily |
facilement |
|
Hast |
rest |
|
Easy |
facil |
|
Kat |
mange |
|
Economy |
econoini |
|
Effect |
fffe |
|
yR9^ |
zeii |
|
Eiiher |
nimpolt |
|
Eleclion |
eleclion |
|
Embrace |
brace |
|
Embroider |
brode |
|
Employ |
employe |
|
Emfity |
vid |
|
E»i close |
femin |
|
Encourage |
encourage |
|
End |
bouit |
|
Enemy |
ennemi |
shabk
zo rey
bon err
teh
fah seel mahnt
lest
fah seel
mahn zhay
ay kon o meQ
eh fey
zur
nem port
ay lek sione
brah say
bwo day
ahn ploy yay
veed
feh may
ahti koo rah zhay
boot
em\ mee
^38--
ENGLISH
Enforce
Engage
Engineer
Engrave
1^'nough
Knier
Envelop
Equal
Equipment
Escape
Every
Exact
Examine
Example
Except
Excuse
Execuiion
Exercice
Expense
Experience
Explain
Extinguish
Eye
CREOLE
forc6
engagfe
ingenie
engiav^
asse
enire
envelope
egal
equipage
chappe
yo toult
exact
examine
exanp
exeepie
escuse
execution
execice
depense
espei'ience
esplique
etinn
g6
PRONUNCLVTION
for say
ahn gah zliay
ehn zhehn yehr
ahn grah vay
ah say
aim tray
ahn vlope
ay gahl
ay kee pahzh
shah pay
yo toot
eggs act
eggs ah mee nay
eggs ahmp
ehks ehp tay
ess kee zay
egs eh kee see own
egs er seese
day pahnss
ess pay ree ahnss
ess plee kay
ay lenn
zher
|
Face figu Facing en lace |
fee gee aim fahss t |
|
Factory (mill) usine Fail manque fe P^all tombe False faux |
ee zeen mahn kay feh tombay fo |
-:?9
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATI |
|
Faaiily |
fan mi |
fall mee |
|
F'an |
evantaille |
ay vahn tye |
|
Far |
loin |
twehii |
|
Farn |
jadin |
zhah dehn |
|
Fanner |
cnliivateur |
keel tee vah teli |
|
Fartlier |
pi loin |
|)ee Iwehn |
|
Fast |
vile |
veet |
|
Fasten |
taclie |
lah shay |
|
Fat |
gra |
grab |
|
J^'alher |
papa |
pah pah |
|
Faucet |
robinett |
rob ee net |
|
Fault |
fault |
font |
|
Favor |
faveur |
fab vir |
|
Fear |
pen |
per |
|
Feast |
fete |
felt |
|
Feather |
plume |
pleem |
|
Feeble |
faibb |
febb |
|
Feed |
fe inan<:;e |
fell mahn zliey |
|
Feel |
mangniu |
niahn yen |
|
Fell |
te lorn be |
fay lorn ijay |
|
Felt (I felt) |
rn'le senii |
ni-lay sahn-tee |
|
Female |
femell |
feh me 11 |
|
Fence |
lentourage |
i^hn too rahzh |
|
Ferry |
barq |
bark |
|
Fever |
iieve |
fee ayv |
|
Field |
champ |
sbabiii |
|
Fio- |
(igue |
feeg |
|
Fight |
goiiiniii |
goo mehn |
|
Figure |
Hgu |
fee gee |
|
Fill |
piin |
plenn |
|
Filih |
faira |
fall Irah |
|
Find |
trouve |
troo vay |
-40-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCLVTIO |
|
Fine |
amand |
ah mahnn |
|
FingfT |
donetl |
dwell |
|
Finish |
fini |
fee nee |
|
Fire |
dif6 |
djse fay |
|
Firing |
ap6 Iir6 |
ap ay tehee ray |
|
First |
premier |
prem yay |
|
Fish |
poesson |
pweh ssohn |
|
Fix |
range |
rahn zhey |
|
Flag |
rlrapo |
drah po |
|
Flame |
flamm |
flahm |
|
Flat |
plall |
plaht |
|
Flat iron |
carro |
kah row |
|
Flavor |
^^ou |
goo |
|
Flesh |
chair |
share |
|
Floor |
planche |
plahn shay |
|
Flour |
farine |
fall reen |
|
Fly |
mouch |
moosh |
|
Fold |
phe |
plee yay |
|
Follow |
suiv |
sweev |
|
Food |
mang6 |
inahn zhay |
|
Fool |
fou |
foo |
|
Foot |
pie |
pyay |
|
For |
pou |
poo |
|
Forbidden |
defendu |
dey fahn djee |
|
Ford |
pass |
paiiss |
|
Force |
forc6 |
for sey |
|
Forehead |
front |
fwont |
|
Forest |
boi |
bwah |
|
Forever |
tonjou |
loo zhoo |
|
For set |
bh'6 |
l)lee ay |
|
Fork |
fouchett |
foo shett |
|
Fort |
for |
for |
^41-
ENGLISH GREOLfc: PRONUNCIATION
1^'orward
Found
Fragile
Free
Fresh
Friend
Frog
Fiont (in)
Froniier
Fruit
Fry
Full
Funeral
Funnel
Furnilure
Further
|
devan |
c^ay vahn |
|
trouve |
ti'oo vay |
|
fragil |
fiah zheel |
|
gratis |
grah tees |
|
chage |
shaizh |
|
frai |
f!"ay |
|
zanmi |
zabn mee |
|
crapo |
krah po |
|
devan |
day vahnt |
|
fronlie |
from tyer |
|
fri |
free |
|
fri |
free |
|
plein |
plehn |
|
f ntement |
ahri teh mahnt |
|
entonoi |
ahn ton wah |
|
ineub |
merb |
|
pi loin |
pee Iwenn |
G
|
Gait |
pa |
|
(iallon |
galon |
|
Gallop |
galope |
|
Gamble |
joui |
|
Game |
jouett |
|
(iarden |
jadin |
|
Garlic |
iaille |
|
Gate |
barrie |
|
Gay |
gwe |
|
Gendarme |
gendarme |
|
Genlile |
grnti |
|
(iet |
cheche |
pah
gah lone gah lo pay zhwee zhwelt zhah den lye bah ree ay
gay
zharn darm zhan tee fchehr shay
— 42 —
EiNGLISH
Girl
Give
Glad
Glass
Glue
Go
Goat
God
Gold
Good
Goofl bye
Govern
Government
Graft
Grain
Grand
Grape
Grass
Grave
Gravel
Grease
Great
Green
Groan
Groceries
Ground
Group
Guard
Guide
Gum
Gun
CREOLE cado
n
bailie
conten
ve
go mm
alle
cabrit
bon die
lor
bon
adieu
g][ouv6ne
^ouvernment
djob
grainn
gran
r^sin
zeb
foss
sab
graisse
gran
vert
plmgnin
epicerie
le
foul
gad
guide
go mm
fusil
PRONUNCIATION
kali doe
fee
by
kohn lahnt
vehr
gome
ah lay
kah breelt
bohn dyeh
lor
bohn
ah dyeh
goo ver nay
goo ven mahnt
djoib
grenn
grahu
ray zehn
zebb
force
sahb
gress
grahn
vert
plehn yay
ay pees ree
tehr
fool
gahd
gee day
gome
fee zee
-43
|
ENGLISH |
11 CRlSOLE |
|
Habit |
habitude |
|
Hair |
cheve |
|
Half |
moilie |
|
H a in |
j mibon |
|
Hammer |
ma lean |
|
Hand |
main |
|
Handkerchief |
mouchoi |
|
Handle |
mane he |
|
Hang |
pann |
|
Happen |
rive |
|
Happy |
conlent |
|
Harbor |
bale |
|
Hard |
di |
|
Hal |
chapeau |
|
Hate |
railli |
|
Have |
gangnin |
|
Hay |
loin |
|
He |
11 |
|
Head |
lete |
|
Heatlh |
sante |
|
[lear |
lende |
|
Heart |
coeur |
|
Heavy |
lo-u |
|
Heel |
lalon |
|
Hen |
nianin-an poui |
|
Her |
li |
|
H^rb |
feuille |
|
Hile |
caehe |
|
High |
^ rhaiit |
|
Hill |
morn |
PRONUNGIATlOiX
ah bee teheed
shel) veh
mwah lyay
zliahm boh a
ijiah toe
miehn
moos-h wah
mahnsh
pahn
ree vay
kohn lahnt
bay
djee
siiMh poh
lah ee
gahn yen
fwehn
iee
(eht
sal] II lay
tahn day
ker
loo
lah lohn
mah mah pool
lee
lay
kah shay
wlioe
motn
-44-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
iUU.NUNClAl |
|
Himself |
Li minm |
lee mame |
|
Hinge |
gon |
|John |
|
Hit |
tVappe |
Jrrdi pay |
|
IJog |
coihon |
kor sbohn |
|
Hold |
quiiiib^ |
kime bay |
|
Home |
la caiile |
lab ky |
|
Hciif'St |
honelt |
or nt^lt |
|
Hook |
ciochelt |
kio shelt |
|
Hope |
espere |
CSS pay ray |
|
Horn |
-corn |
korn |
|
Horse |
clioual |
shwall |
|
Jlot |
ch.iu |
show |
|
Hour |
riie |
Ichr |
|
House |
caiile |
kye |
|
How |
couman |
koo mahn |
|
How mu2h |
combien |
kahm biehn |
|
Hiingiy |
gi-an gou |
grahn goo |
|
Hunt |
li chass |
lah sli.diss |
|
Hurt |
fe mal |
fell inahl |
|
Husband |
niari |
• mall ree |
|
Hygiene |
hygiene |
ee zhenn |
|
I Ice Idea Idenlify Idiot |
mouin la glace liiie ideotifie idiot |
niAvelm lah glahss • lee day ee dahn tee fyay ee djo |
|
Ignorance |
ignorance |
een vo ralmss |
|
]|4(iorant III |
ignorant malude |
een yo rahn niah lahd |
-45
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNGLVTION |
|
Illegal |
pa egal |
pah ay-gahl |
|
Imagine |
imagine |
ee mah zhee-nay |
|
Implement |
zouti |
zoo-tee |
|
Impolite |
pa poli |
pah-pO'lee |
|
Important |
important |
em-por-tahn |
|
inch |
pouce |
poose |
|
Infant |
bebe |
bay-bay |
|
Inhabitant |
habitant |
ah-bee-tahnt |
|
Innocent |
innocent |
ee-no-sahnt |
|
Insane |
fou |
too |
|
Inside |
en dedan |
ahn-deh-dahn |
|
Inspect |
inspecte |
en-spek-tay |
|
Instead |
en guise |
ahn-geeze |
|
Instruction |
instruction |
en-streek-cion |
|
Instiument |
zouti |
zoo -tee. |
|
Insult |
insult |
ehn-seelt |
|
Intelligence |
intelligence |
en-tell-ee-zhahns |
|
Interest |
interet |
en-Iay-rey |
|
Intoxicated |
sou |
soo |
|
Intestine |
tiell |
fee-ell |
|
Invalid |
infirm |
en-feerm |
|
Investigate |
fe-enquet |
feh-aiui-kett |
|
Invite |
invite |
en-vee-tay |
|
Iodine |
tintu d'iode |
ten-chee-djord |
|
Iron |
fe |
feh |
|
It |
li |
lee |
|
Itch |
grat6 J prison |
grab tay |
|
Jail |
pree zohn |
|
|
Jam |
confitu |
kohn-fee-tche^ |
|
—40- |
||
|
ENGLISH |
CRfiOLE |
PRONUNGL^ |
|
Jar |
cniche |
kreeshe |
|
Jralous |
jaloux |
Zllfitj-lOO |
|
Jelly |
gelle |
zlieh-lay |
|
Job |
travail |
trah-vye |
|
Joi-.i |
join |
zhwenn |
|
Joke |
blague |
blahg |
|
Jouiney |
voyage |
voy-ahzli |
|
Joy |
joie |
zhwali |
|
Judge |
juge |
zheezli |
|
Jwg |
damjau |
demm-zlKihn |
|
Juice |
ji^ |
zh^e |
|
J u m p |
voltig6 |
V()le-lee-zhay |
|
Jurv |
jure |
zhec-ray |
|
Jue^t |
juste |
zhees |
|
Justice |
justice |
zbees-teece |
|
K |
||
|
Keep |
quimb6 |
k eh in- bay |
|
K^g |
ti barrique |
lee-barr-eek |
|
Kerosene |
giaz |
gahz |
|
Key |
el6 |
klay |
|
Kick |
coup d'pied |
koot-pyey |
|
Kidiiey |
rongiion |
woyu-yon |
|
Kill |
tue |
Iwey |
|
Kin |
parent |
pah-rahnt |
|
Kind |
(jualite |
kah-lee-tay |
|
Kitchen |
cuisine |
kwee-zeen |
|
Kiss |
l:o |
bo |
|
Knapsac |
bris?ac |
bree-snk |
|
Knee |
jer»ou |
zhen-noo |
|
Knife |
couleau |
koo-tow |
-47
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCLVTIO] |
|
Knock |
frappe |
frah-pay |
|
Know |
connin |
kornay |
|
Knowledge |
connaissance L |
korn-ay-sahnce |
|
Labour |
ii'availle |
tiah vye |
|
Lace |
dentelle |
dahn tell |
|
Ladder |
nechelle |
tieh shell |
|
Lady |
dame |
dahm |
|
Lake |
lac |
lahk |
|
Lame |
boite |
bwor tay |
|
Lamp |
lamp |
lahmp |
|
Land |
ten- |
tehr |
|
Language |
language |
lahii gazh |
|
Lard |
mantegue |
niahii leg |
|
Lanlern |
fanalle |
fah netl |
|
Last |
dernie |
deh niey |
|
J.aunch |
ciialoup |
shah loop |
|
Laugh |
li |
ree |
|
Landry |
lessive |
less eev |
|
Law |
ioi |
Iwah |
|
Laxative |
medecine |
med seen |
|
Lead (lo) |
mener |
rneh nay |
|
Leaf |
feuiU |
fay |
|
Leave |
ijuitie |
kee lay |
|
Leak |
coule |
koo lay |
|
Lean |
maigue |
meg |
|
Lett |
agauclie |
ah goshe |
|
Leg |
jamb |
zhahm |
|
I^^^ggin^ |
guet |
gate |
|
Lcmoii |
cdtion |
see U'ohn |
-48-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLlL |
PROxNUNCIAT |
|
Less |
moin |
nnvehn |
|
Lei's |
en nou |
ah-noo |
|
Letter |
lelle |
lett |
|
Lettnce |
salad |
sah lahd |
|
Level |
nivo |
nee vo |
|
Liar |
menteur |
ma [in ter |
|
Liberate |
lague |
lah gay |
|
Lice |
puce |
peece |
|
Lid |
couvelu |
koo veh chee |
|
Lie (untrulh) |
menii |
mahn lee |
|
Lie (lie down) |
couche |
koo shay |
|
Life |
la vie |
lah vee |
|
Light (weiglif) |
le^e |
leh zhay |
|
Light (a light) |
lumie |
leem yeh |
|
Like |
rinmin |
ray may |
|
Limit |
limile |
lee meet |
|
Line |
ligne |
leen |
|
Liquor |
liqueur |
lee ker |
|
Live |
Vive |
veev |
|
Load |
charge |
shahzh |
|
Long |
long |
lorng |
|
Lost |
pedi |
pell djee |
|
Low |
ba |
bah |
|
Luggage |
bagaille |
bah gye |
|
M |
||
|
Mad |
fache |
fah shny |
|
Magistrate |
niag[islrat |
mah zhee slrah |
|
Mahogany |
cajou |
kali zhoo |
|
Make |
fe |
feh |
|
Male |
iLale |
niahl |
ENGLISH
Man
Many
Map
March
Mcisoii
Meat
Meet
Mechanic
Melon
Mend
Alerchant
Message
Metal
JVIid-day
Middle
Mid-night
Might
Milk
Mill
Mine
Mir]isler
Minule
Minor
Misarranged
Miss
Mob
Moon
Moist
Money
Month
More
Morning
CREOLE PRON UNCIATION
nonin
enpil
cart
inache
niii^on
viann
jninn
niechanique
melon
ran fie
rnachann
depeciie
melai
nridi
millier
m inn it
li capab
lait
monlin
pMS mo I] in
minis! re
minule
glace
nial range
mademoiselle
fonle'
la Inne
mouiller
lagent
mois
plus
matin
numb nbn peel kaht
mall shay mull i-olui ^iahu zhwenn liieh kan-eek mrh-lown ii\hn-zhay ni.ih-^halui day pesh meh I lib I mee djee me el yeh mee nweet It-e kab pahb lett
moo lenn p'dh mweb mee neest meen eut glahss
niabl rabn zhay mahJ mwab zell full
lab leen moo yay lah zbahn mwab
[It-UCO
mall Ian
50-
|
ENGLISH |
CUEOLE |
ITvONUNGlATION |
|
Mo.Sf|ui(o |
marinoQuiu |
mah ten gweun |
|
Mother |
ma run a u |
mal) mah |
|
Montil |
inonle |
n)oru lay |
|
Mou:i!ain |
morn |
mawu |
|
Mouth |
bouche |
boosh |
|
Movement |
moiivement |
moov mahnt |
|
Mr |
m'sie |
m sieh |
|
Mrs |
madame |
mah dahm |
|
:\luch |
eiipil |
aim peel |
|
Mule |
mulelt |
mee-lelt |
|
Murder |
laumor |
lah mor |
|
Miislaclie |
mousiache |
moos lahsh |
|
Music |
nmsique |
mee zeek |
|
Must |
fo |
fo |
|
Mustard |
moularde |
moo lard |
|
Mutton |
moulon |
moo tone |
N
|
Nail |
clou |
kloo |
|
|
Naked |
nu |
uee |
|
|
Name |
uom |
nohu |
|
|
Napk'n |
seviett |
seh vyett |
|
|
Narrow |
^troit |
ay twaht |
|
|
Nasty |
iiihl propre |
mahl prope |
|
|
Native |
Qiour^.G |
ICl |
moon ee see |
|
Nalural |
iiaiurei |
nah tehee rehl |
|
|
Navy |
navire |
iiali vee |
|
|
Near |
pre |
)ray |
|
|
Neat |
bandc) |
yahn dah |
|
|
NecPFsary |
necessaire |
nay-say seh |
|
|
Neck |
cou * |
koo |
■51-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Need |
besoin |
beh zwehn |
|
Needle |
zegui |
zeh gwee |
|
Negligent |
negligent |
neg lee zhahnt |
|
Neg'O |
neg |
neg |
|
Neighbor |
voisin |
vwah zehn |
|
Neither |
ni gnounrii |
lott nee yoon nee lote |
|
Nephew |
neveu |
neli ver |
|
Nerve |
ner |
nehr |
|
New |
nouveau |
noo vo |
|
Never |
jamin |
jahm ay |
|
Next |
prochain |
pro shehn |
|
Nice |
gen til |
zhahn lee |
|
Night |
DUit |
nweet |
|
No |
non |
|iohn |
|
'Nobody |
person n |
peh-ssohn |
|
Noise |
bru |
bree |
|
North |
nor |
nor |
|
Nose |
nin |
neh |
|
Not |
pa |
pah |
|
Nothing |
angnin |
ahn-yehn |
|
Nolice |
avis |
jih-vee |
|
Number |
niimero |
nee may-ro |
|
Nurse |
bonn |
bom |
|
Nut |
noisett |
nwah-zett. |
|
Oar |
zaviron |
zah-vee-rohn |
|
Oath |
serment |
sehr ma lint |
|
Obedient |
obeissant |
o-.bay-ee-sahnt |
|
Obey |
obeir |
o-bay-ee |
|
Object |
objet |
oib-zliay |
^52-
ENGLISH
Oblipe
Observe
Occasion
Occupy
Occur
Ocean
Odor
orrer
Office
Oflen
Oil
Old
Olive
Once
One
Only
Open
Operation
Opinion
Oppose
Or
Oranj^e
Order
Orphan
Olher
Ounce
Ours
Ourselves
Out
Outside
Oven
Over
CREOLE
oblige
observ6
occasion
occupe
rive
ocean
odeur
ollri
burenu
souvent
ihuile
vi6
olive
^Doun foi
gnoun
seulement
ouvri
operation
opinion
oppose
on
zoiange
lord
orpheliu
laut
once
pa nou
nou meme
dehor
de hor
fou
laut bo
PRONUNCIATION
o-blee-zhay
orb-zer vay
o-lvali-zion
or-kee-pay
ree-vay
o say-ahn
o-dirr
or free
bee row
SCO vahnt
Iweel
vieh
o ieev
yoon fwah
yoon
sell mahnt
oo VI ee
o pay inh cion
o peen yone
o po zaV
oo
zo rahnzh
lord
or flen
loie
ownce
pall noo
noo mame
day or
day or
foo
lote bor
53-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNGIATIO |
|
Overdo |
fe trop |
feh trope |
|
Overstrain |
tro force |
tro for say |
|
Overtake |
jouinn |
zhwehn |
|
Overturn |
vire |
vee ray . |
|
Ox |
boue |
bway |
|
Oyster |
zuit P paquet |
zweet |
|
Package |
par kay |
|
|
Page |
feuill |
fay |
|
Pain |
douleur |
doo ler |
|
Painful |
fe mal |
feh mahl |
|
Paint |
peint |
pent |
|
Pal |
camarad |
kah mah rahd |
|
Palace |
palai |
pah lay |
|
I^aie |
pal |
pahi |
|
Pants |
pantalon |
pahn tab Ion |
|
Pantry |
gaid mange |
gahd rnahn zhay |
|
Pardon |
padon |
pah don |
|
Parent |
parent |
pah rahn |
|
Partition |
separation |
sell pah rah sioa |
|
Pass |
passe |
pah say |
|
Paste |
patt |
paht |
|
Passed |
le passe |
lay pah say |
|
Passable |
passable |
pah sabb |
|
Patch |
racommcde |
rah-ko-mo-day |
|
Patrol |
patrouill |
pa-trooee |
|
Pause |
rete |
reh-lay |
|
Paved |
pave |
pah vay |
|
Pay |
paye |
pay-yay |
|
Pea |
poi |
pwah |
-^54-
ENGLISH
Peace
Pen
People
Pepper
Permission
Perhaps
Phrase
Pick axe
Piece
Pig
Pity
Plate
Play
IMead
Please
Pfenty
Poison
Poor
Pork
Port
Post
Possible
Pouch
Powder
Power
Powerful
Pray
Pretend
Prevent
Price
Prison
|
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
la paix |
lah peh |
|
plume |
pleem |
|
peuple |
perp |
|
poiv |
pwahv |
|
permission |
peh-mee-sion |
|
peu let |
per late |
|
fraze |
frahz |
|
piqiioi |
pee kwah |
|
ID ocean |
mor-so |
|
cochon |
kor-shon |
|
piti6 |
pee-tiay |
|
assielt |
ah-syelt |
|
joui |
zhwee |
|
plede |
play-day |
|
sV)u plai |
soo-play |
|
empil |
ahn-peel |
|
poche |
porsh |
|
poison |
pwah-zon |
|
pauv |
pawv |
|
pore |
pork |
|
por |
por |
|
poss |
poce |
|
possible |
po-seeb |
|
bourse |
boose |
|
poudre |
pood |
|
poQVoir |
poo-vwah |
|
tor |
for |
|
pri6 |
pee-ay |
|
preten |
pray-tahn |
|
emp6ch6 |
ahm-peh-shay |
|
pri |
pree |
|
prison |
pree-zon |
-55
ENGLISH
Proceefl
Probably
Process
)Vocluce
Profit
Promise
Provision
Protect
Pull
Pulse
Quake
Qualify
Quantity
Quarter
Quarrel
Queen
QueslioR
Question (to)
Quick
Quick sand
Quieter
Quit
CREOLE
PRONUNCIATION
Race
Rag
Rain
|
proc4d6 |
pro-say-day |
|
probable |
pro-bnhb |
|
pro€e |
pro-say |
|
3roduir |
oro-dwee |
|
3eneltce |
Day-nay -fees |
|
promett |
pro-meht |
|
provision |
pro-vee-zion |
|
protege |
pro-tay-zhay |
|
ral6 |
rah lay |
|
pou |
poo |
|
« |
|
|
irembte |
trahm-blay |
|
qaalifie |
kah-lee-fyay |
|
quantite |
kahn-lee-tay |
|
quartier |
kah-tchee-ay |
|
goumin |
goo may |
|
reine |
rehn |
|
question |
kay-sion |
|
questio«e |
kjiv-sion-ay |
|
vile |
veet |
|
lev vile |
teh-veet |
|
pi iraoquill |
pee frahn-keel |
|
quiUe |
kee-tay |
|
R |
|
|
couce |
kooss |
|
chiffon |
shee fon |
|
ia pli |
Uth plee |
|
leve |
leh Vtiy |
— 56—
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Rake |
grattoir |
grab Iwah |
|
Rare |
rar |
rah |
|
Rat |
ratt |
rahtt |
|
Raw |
cru |
kree |
|
Reach |
ouinn |
zhwenn |
|
Read |
i |
lee |
|
Rear |
deyfe |
day-yay |
|
Reason |
raison |
ray zone |
|
Receipt |
regu |
ray see |
|
Receive |
recevoir |
reh seh vwah |
|
Recite |
recite |
ray see tay |
|
Recoj^nize |
reconnaitr© |
rehkorn ett |
|
Recoinrnence |
recommence |
ray korm ahn say |
|
Recover |
recouvri |
ray koo vree |
|
Recruit |
reciu |
ray kree |
|
Red |
rouge |
woozli |
|
Reduce |
reduir |
ray dwee |
|
Refuse |
refuse |
ray fee zay |
|
Regard |
regard |
ray gahd |
|
Register |
enrpgistr6 |
ahn ray zhee stray |
|
Regret |
regrett |
ray grett |
|
Regulate |
reg |
reiig |
|
1\ lax |
reliiche |
ray lah shay |
|
Religion |
religion |
ray lee zhon |
|
j^emark |
remaiqu6 |
ray mah kay |
|
Remove |
rete |
reh tay |
|
Repair |
range |
rahn zhay |
|
Repeat |
repeLe |
reh peh tay |
|
lieply |
repond |
ray porn |
|
Report to |
fe rapport |
fell rah por |
|
Reserve |
reserve |
ray zer vay |
|
Resign |
r6signe |
reh zeen yay |
■57-
ENGLISH
CREOLE
PRONQNGIATION
Resist
Response
Responsible
Rest
Rett eat
Reluin
Revenge
Revoke
Revolver
Rib
Rich
Ride
Rifle
Right
Ring
Rise
Ruad
Roast
Rob
Rock
Roil
Room
Root
Hope
Rolten
Round
Rub
Rubber
Rudder
Rule
Run
Ruit
|
resisle |
ray zis tay |
|
reponse |
ray pornse |
|
responsable |
ray sporn sahb |
|
reste |
res tay |
|
mache deye |
mah shay day yay |
|
retoune |
ray too uay |
|
venge |
vahii zhay |
|
revoque |
ray vo kay |
|
revolver |
ray volver |
|
oot |
kort |
|
riche |
reesh |
|
inonle |
morn tay |
|
fusi |
fee zee |
|
droit |
dwali |
|
bag |
bah- |
|
leve |
leh v;<y |
|
cheaiin . |
slieh niaitt |
|
roti |
ro ichee |
|
vol-e |
vo lay |
|
rodie |
wosh |
|
)oule |
^voo lay |
|
chambre |
shahm |
|
lacine |
rah seem |
|
cold |
kord |
|
pouri |
poo ree |
|
rond |
wonde |
|
foubi |
foo bee |
|
caoulehou |
kali oot shoo |
|
guidon |
gee don |
|
reg |
rehg |
|
couri |
koo ree |
|
rouille |
roo yay |
-58- S
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCLVTION |
|
Sacrifice |
sacrifice |
sah kree feece |
|
Sad |
trisle |
Ireest |
|
Saddle |
selle |
sell |
|
Snfe |
coiTie fort |
kor freh for |
|
Said |
le di |
tay djee |
|
Salt |
sel |
sell |
|
Samo |
m6me |
ma me |
|
Sand |
sab |
S:illb |
|
Savage |
saiivage |
so valizh |
|
Save |
sauv6 |
so vay |
|
Saw (I saw) |
te 0116 |
tay weh |
|
Sav*^ (a saw) |
poine |
go een |
|
s y |
di |
djee |
|
Sciile |
balance |
bah lahnce |
|
Scandal |
scandale |
.^kahn dahl |
|
Scarce |
ra |
rah |
|
Scared |
pen |
per |
|
Scent |
odenr |
0 der |
|
S 'licine |
coMibinaison |
korm bee nay zone |
|
Scholar |
e'eve |
ay lehv |
|
School |
I'ecole |
lay korl |
|
Scold |
juri |
zhew ree |
|
Scramble |
gaille |
gah yay |
|
S^M^alch |
graire |
grah tay |
|
Screaiii |
rhele |
ray lay" |
|
Scrub |
foubi |
foo bee |
|
Sea |
la mer |
lah mare |
|
Sea mm |
marl 11 |
mah ren |
|
Season |
saison |
say zone |
^59-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PROxNUNCIATIO |
|
Second |
second |
Rch gorn |
|
Secret |
£ecre |
seh kray |
|
Security |
.cecuriie |
say kee ree tay |
|
See |
ou6 |
weh |
|
Seed |
grainne |
grenn |
|
Seem |
semble |
sahm-blay |
|
Seize |
sem |
say zee |
|
Selfish |
chiche |
sheesh |
|
Sell |
vann |
vahn |
|
Send |
voyi |
vo yay |
|
Sentry |
factionnaire |
fahk cion air |
|
Serve |
serv6 |
ser vay |
|
Sergeant |
sergeut |
ser zhahnt |
|
Sew |
coud |
kood |
|
Shake |
souqu6 |
soo kay |
|
Sheet |
dra |
drah |
|
Shirt |
chemise |
sher meez |
|
Shoe |
soulie |
sool yay |
|
Shoot |
lir6 |
tee ray |
|
Shoulder |
zepaule |
zay paul |
|
Sick |
malade |
mah lahd |
|
Side |
b6 |
bor |
|
Silence |
silence |
see lahnca |
|
Silver |
argent |
sh zhahnt |
|
Simple |
simp |
semp |
|
Since |
depi |
day pee |
|
Sir |
m'si6 |
m syeh |
|
Sister |
se |
seh |
|
Size |
gross6 |
gro-ser |
|
Slap |
tape |
tab pny |
|
Sleep |
doQ]i |
dor mee |
|
SUde |
giiss6 |
glee say |
— 60-
ENGLISH
CREOLE
PRONUNCIATION
|
Slippery |
gliss6 |
gloe say |
|
Slope |
pent |
pahnt |
|
Slow |
doucement |
doos mahn |
|
Small |
piti |
pee tee |
|
Smoke |
fume |
fee may |
|
Soap |
savon |
sah vorn |
|
Socks |
chauselle |
show sett |
|
Soldier |
soldat |
sole (lah |
|
Soon |
tout a rheu |
toot ah ler |
|
Sorry |
triste |
freest |
|
Soup |
la soup |
lah soop |
|
South |
sud |
seed |
|
Space |
espace |
sess pahss |
|
Spade |
pell |
pell |
|
Speak |
pale |
pahlay |
|
Speech |
discour |
dis koo |
|
Square |
carre |
kah ray |
|
Stable |
recini |
lay kee ree |
|
Stairway |
escalier |
ess kahl Iyer |
|
Steam |
vapeur |
vah per |
|
Steel |
acier |
ah cier |
|
Steal |
vole |
vo lay |
|
Step |
mache . |
mah shay |
|
Stick |
baton |
bah tone |
|
Stene |
li roche |
tehee woshe |
|
Slop |
rele |
reh lay |
|
Storm |
mauve ten |
mo vay tahn |
|
Store |
boulic |
boo teek |
|
Siout |
gio |
glow |
|
Straight |
droit |
dvvort |
|
Strain |
force |
forsay |
|
Strange |
elrange |
ay trahnzh |
-61-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIA' |
|
Stranger |
etrange |
ay trahn zhay |
|
Strangle |
ti'angie |
trahn glay |
|
Straw |
paille |
pye |
|
Sirawberry |
freize |
frayze |
|
Stream |
vapeur |
vah per |
|
Street |
ri |
ree |
|
Strength |
lorc6 |
ior say |
|
Strengthen |
enforce |
ahn for say |
|
Strengthening |
fortifient |
for tee ilahnt |
|
Stretch |
taudi |
tor djee |
|
Strict: |
stride |
streekt |
|
Strike |
greve |
grehv |
|
Strike at |
frappe |
irah pay |
|
String |
ficeli |
fee sell |
|
Stripes |
bariole |
bah ree o lay |
|
Strong |
for |
for |
|
Struck |
te frappe |
tay frah pay |
|
Stub |
boutt |
boot |
|
Stubborn |
tetu |
tay tehee |
|
Stuff |
bagaille |
bah-gye |
|
Slufl |
bourre |
boo ray |
|
Stumble |
bute |
bee tay |
|
Stump (of tree |
) chouq |
shook |
|
Stupid |
Stupid |
siee peed |
|
Stutter |
bege |
beh gay |
|
Style |
mode |
mode |
|
Stylish |
bozo |
bor so |
|
Sub due |
soumelt |
soo rnett |
|
Subject |
Fujet |
see zhay |
|
Sub lease |
sous loue |
soo Iway |
|
Success |
succes |
seek fay |
-62-
ENGLISH
CREOLE
PRONUNCIATION
Such as
Suck
Sudden
Suds
Suffer
SulFe rings
Suflice >
Sugar
Suit
Suicide
Suiiahle
Sulphur
Sum
Summarily
Summer
Summon
Somersault
Sun
Sure
Sunday
Sunk
Superb
Superior
Superstition
Supper
Supply
Support
Suppose
Surprise
Surprise
Surrender
Surroun
tel que
let6
lou d*un cou
cume
sonlTre
souffrance
asse
sue
rechange
suicide
convenable
soufle
somme
en jia
le(e
cite
culbite
soleil
sur
dimanche
te coule
superb
superior
superstilion
soupe
founi
snpporle
suppose
surprann
surprise
rend
cerne
tell ker
teh tay
too dehn koo
keem
soo fray
soo frahnce
ah say
seek
ray shnhnzh
swee see day
korn vay nahb
soof
sorm
ahn-fehn
leh tay
see tay
keel beet
so lay
see
djee mahsh
tny koo lay
see peib
see per ree yer
see per stee cion
soo pay
too nee
see por tay
see po zay
see pralinn
see preez
rahnn
ser nay
—63
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATI |
|
Surveyor |
arpenteur |
ah pahn ter |
|
Suspect |
suspecte |
sis pek tay , |
|
Swallow |
vale |
vah lay |
|
Swap |
troke |
tro kay |
|
Swamp |
marecagc |
mah ray kahzh |
|
Swear |
jure |
zliee ray |
|
Sweep |
balle |
bah lay |
|
Sweet |
doiice |
doose |
|
Sweeten |
adouci |
ah doo see |
|
Swollen |
enfle ^ |
ahn flay |
|
Syrop |
siro |
see ro |
|
System |
system T |
sees tehni |
|
Table |
tabi |
tahb |
|
Tablet |
tablet |
tahb lelt |
|
Tack |
ti clou |
tehee -kloo |
|
Tag |
ticket |
tehee ket |
|
Tail |
queu |
ker |
|
Tailor |
lailleur |
lye yer |
|
Take |
prann |
prahnn |
|
Talk |
f)ale |
pah lay |
|
Tall |
rhaut |
whoe |
|
Tame |
dou |
doo |
|
Tarii! |
tax |
tahcks |
|
Taste |
goulte . |
goo tay |
|
Tax |
tax |
tahcks |
|
Tea |
te |
tay |
|
Teach |
niontre |
niorii tray |
|
Tear |
dure |
shee ray |
|
Telegraph |
telegraph |
teh lay graph |
-64 -
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATIO |
|
Tamper |
cole |
ko layr |
|
Tent |
tant V |
larnt |
|
Terrible |
terrible |
leh reeb |
|
Testify |
testifie |
tes lee fyay |
|
Testimony |
temoignage |
teh mwen ahzh |
|
Thank |
remerci |
reli mair see |
|
That |
ga |
sa |
|
The |
la (aschuallli |
a)Iah |
|
Theirs |
pa yo |
pah yo |
|
Them |
ca yo ^ |
sail yo |
|
Then |
alo |
ah lor |
|
There |
In |
lah |
|
Thick |
epaiss |
ay pehss |
|
Thief |
voler |
volny |
|
Thin |
mince |
mehnss |
|
Thing |
bagaille |
bah gye |
|
Think |
penser |
pahn say |
|
Thirst |
soif |
swahf |
|
This |
?a |
^3 |
|
Thorn |
piquann |
pee kahnn |
|
Thought |
16 cone |
tny kwehh |
|
Thread |
ticeli |
fee sell |
|
Threaten |
menace |
meh nah say |
|
ThroiiiJh |
lini |
fee nee |
|
Throw |
voye |
vo yay |
|
Thumb |
pence |
poose |
|
Thunder |
lonner |
to nayr |
|
Tie |
mare |
mah ray |
|
Tight |
serre |
seh niy |
|
Tifr.ber |
gio bois |
grow bwah |
|
Time |
temp |
tahn |
|
Tin |
fe blanc |
fer blahn |
ENGLISH
CREOLE
PRONUNCIATION
Tire
Tired
Toast
Tobacco
Today
Toe
Together
Tomatoe
Tomorrow
Ton
Tongue
Too
Tool
Tooth
Top
Torture
Total
Touch
Toward
Towel
Town
Trace
Track
Trade
Trail
Train
Translate
Trap
Travel
Treason
Treasure
Tree
caoutchou
fatigu6
pain grille
tabac
joudi
zauteill
ensenfib
tomalt
demain
tonn
langue
too
zouli
dent
en rhaut
brutalize
total
touche
n'an direction
seviett
bouq
trace
chemin
nnetie
chemin
train
tradui
trap
voyage
trahison
tremor
pie boi
kah oot shoo
fall tehee gay
pehn gree yay
tah bahk
zhoo djee
zo tay
aha sahm
to maht
der man
torn
lahng
too
200 tehee
dahnt
aha whoe
bree tah lee zay
to tah I
too shay
nah dee rehk cion
seh viett
bouk
trah say
sher mane
meh Icheh
sher mane
trehn
trah dwee
trahp
voy all zhay
trah ee zone
treh-zor
pyay bwah
-66-
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PRONUNCIATION |
|
Trick |
trique |
ireek |
|
Trigger |
gHchett |
gah shett |
|
Trip |
voyage |
vo yahzh |
|
Trot |
Iroire |
tf or tay |
|
Trouble |
troub |
^roob |
|
True |
vrai |
vray |
|
Trunk |
mal |
mahll |
|
Truih |
la v6ril6 |
lab vay ree tay |
|
Try |
essaye |
ess ay yay |
|
Turn |
vire |
vee ray |
|
Turtle |
tortu |
lor tehee |
|
Twist |
vir6, tord6 U |
vee ray, tor day |
|
Unhealihful |
mal sain |
mail] sehn |
|
Unhurt |
pa bles66 |
pah bleh say |
|
Unpack |
rit^ charge |
leh fay sharzh |
|
Unable |
pa capnb |
pah kah pahb |
|
Uncle |
ton toil |
tone lone |
|
Unclean |
mal prop |
mahl props |
|
Under |
en ba |
phn bah |
|
Underground |
en ba ter |
ahn bah lair |
|
Undershirt |
cbemizett |
sheh mee zelt |
|
Understand |
comprann |
korm prahnn |
|
Uniform |
uniform |
ee nee form |
|
Unite |
mete ensemb |
meh tay ahn sahm |
|
Unjust |
pa juste |
pah zheest |
|
Unlawful |
cont la loi |
korni lah Iwah |
|
Uiik-ss |
sauf que |
sofe ker |
|
Until |
j usque |
zhees ker |
|
Up |
en rhaut |
ahn whoe |
ENGLISH
Upspt Urinate
Use Useless
— 67-
CREOLE
chavire pisse
use iautile
PllONUNCLVTIOx^
shah vee ray pe say ee zay een ee teel
|
Vacnnr |
vid |
|
Vagrant |
oisif |
|
Valley |
valle |
|
Valve |
valve |
|
Vegetable |
le^nme |
|
Vein |
vein |
|
Verify |
verifie |
|
Very |
Ire |
|
Vest |
vess |
|
Vicfory |
victoir |
|
View |
vne |
|
Vine |
pie |
|
Violent |
violent |
|
Visit |
visile |
|
Voice |
voix |
|
Vomit |
vonai |
|
Vote |
vot |
|
Vow |
serment |
|
Voyage |
voyage |
|
Wait |
tend |
|
Walk |
mache |
|
Wall |
rnur |
w
veed
wall zeef
vah lay
vahlv
leh geeni
vehn
veh leefee ay
tray
vess
veek Iwah
vee
pee ay
vee o lahnt
vee zee tay
vwah
vo mee
vote
ser mahnt
vo valjzh
tahn mah shay
rneer
— 68 —
ENGLISH
CREOLE
PRONUNCIATION
|
War |
la guerr |
|
Warm |
chau |
|
Was |
le y6 |
|
Wash |
lave |
|
Wasle |
gaspill6 |
|
Watch |
gard6 |
|
Water |
d'lo |
|
Wear |
mette |
|
Weather |
I e m p |
|
Wed |
mar'ie |
|
Weeding |
niariage |
|
Week |
semainn |
|
Wheel |
roue |
|
AVhen |
1 heu |
|
Where |
cote |
|
Which |
qui less |
|
Whip |
batl |
|
Whisker |
barb |
|
white |
blanche |
|
Who |
qui nioune |
|
Whole |
entie |
|
Whose |
pon qui |
|
Wick |
meche |
|
Wide |
grand |
|
Widow |
veuve |
|
Wife |
fanm |
|
Wild |
marion |
|
Will |
va (li va) |
|
Win |
gagnier |
|
Wit)d |
vent |
|
Window |
fenett |
|
Winff |
zell |
lah gayr 3how
^^y yay
lahvay grihs pee yay gah day d low meh tay tahm
mah reeyay rnah ree azh seh mane
AVOO
ler
kor fay kee less bat bahb blahnsh kee moon ahn liay poo kee mehsh ^rahn verv farm
mah rone vah
gahn yay vahnt feh nett zeli
-69 —
|
ENGLISH |
CREOLE |
PROiNUNCIATl |
|
Wire |
hi fer |
frel fer |
|
Wise |
sa^e |
sahzh |
|
Wish |
vl6 |
vlay |
|
With |
avec |
ah vek |
|
Within |
f'M de dau |
ahn der dahut |
|
Womnn |
fa n m |
fai m |
|
Wood |
hoi |
bwah |
|
Wool |
lain |
lehn |
|
Word |
mot |
mo |
|
Woik Z |
travail |
trail vye |
|
Worm |
ver |
ver |
|
Worship |
idole |
ee do lay |
|
Wound |
hiesse |
bleh say |
|
Wrap |
viope |
vio pay |
|
Write |
ecri |
ay kree |
|
Wrong |
mal Y |
£11 ah 11^ |
|
Yard |
la court |
lali koo |
|
Year |
I'annee |
lah nay |
|
Y^>ast |
Televin |
lell veha |
|
Yellow |
JHune |
zhorn |
|
Yes |
oui |
wee |
|
Yesterday |
a hier |
ah yayr |
|
rou |
ou |
GO |
|
Young |
jeun |
zhen |
|
Yours |
pa ou |
pah 00 |
^
i--»iaigg^gE^to < "■
A few rules in Creole grammar
A — always as in AH. choual, cabann, mattla.
CH always as sh. as in choiial, chemin etc.
E...... _as e in Bed. in words of 1 syllable, in 2
syllables a«« AH. pension.
ENT- .as last syllable as AUNT. Tremblement;
Vomissement etc. T silent. Q -im. before A and U as g in going; gargon,
guett. 0 ZIT" before E as Zh : genou, bandage :
GN „ is pronounced almost as y, in you, as
gnon, an^nin, gangnin.
^ '--- as E in EE. chita, vini, li, etc
N single pronounced NASALLY as in Gargon
NN double «: full as n in men.
OU __.._as 00 in moon, ; bouric. mouton.
TI as fchee, piti, senti
Words ending in aille as y inby: bagaille, mu- raille, entrailte.
— 72^
PHRASES
ENGLISH CREOLK
Good moi ning bon jou
liood night bon soi
Huw are you? couman ou ye
How is your failier couman papa ou \i
Where is your brother cole fre ou ye
Wic i • is your huu.so cole caille ou ye
Wheie is your horse cole choual ou ye
Where are your men col6 moune ou y6
Have you any nevv^ ou gaguin nouvelle
What do you want ^a ou vie
« « « say « « di
t « « know « *i conniu
at Q a See e « oue
(( a « think a « ere
« « a: wish « (( vie
« « « need « a besoin
«: « (( like (( a rinmin
« « (( play « « joue
f ct « do (( « le
« c( « drink a. « bou6
^ a. a eat (c « mang6
« « « read « cc li
» « « wiite « c ecri
-~73-
Lend me your horse
^ c( « mule
^ « five dollars
^J^ « a saddle
Prele mouin choual ou ^ « muleit ou « « cinq doU
« « gnou sell
Excepting when a word begins with the letter <^^^ the letter «n» is always given a nasal pronon- ciation.
ENGLISH
CREOLE
|
I came |
m te |
vini |
|
|
You came |
ou 6C |
« |
|
|
He came |
ji ^ |
c |
|
|
We came |
nou « |
« |
|
|
You came |
ou « |
«: |
|
|
They came |
yo c |
1^ |
|
|
I want |
m'vle |
||
|
You want |
ou via |
||
|
He wants |
ti vie |
||
|
We want |
nou vie |
||
|
You want |
ou vie |
||
|
They want |
yo ^le |
||
|
I dont want |
it |
m'pa |
vie li |
|
You a: « |
« |
ou 6r |
« « |
|
He V « |
(C |
li (f |
« <c |
|
We (( (( |
« |
nou « |
c< c |
|
You « « |
« |
ou (C |
<sc « |
|
They « « |
(( |
yo « |
« « |
-74-
ENGLISH
Where do you live Wtiere do you work Where do you come from
When are you goiug '^ will *' come
When did you ariive ** •* '• see him
Ask him his name Tell him lo go Force him to go Olch him Hit him willi
CREOLE
cot6 on r6l6 ** '* Iravail '* •* soiii
qui Ihe ou prall* *• *• " ape vini
** '' '* leoueli
Mande li couman rele li Di li alle Force li alle Quimbe li Fra|»p6 U avec
|
I am jioing |
mouin |
pralle |
|
He is ^'oing |
li |
(i |
|
We aie going |
nou |
(i |
|
You are going |
ou |
(t |
|
They are going |
yo |
t( |
|
I am coming |
mouin |
p6 vini |
|
You are coming |
ou |
(( ti |
|
He is coming |
li |
<< (( |
|
We are coming |
nou |
• ( ( i |
|
You are coming |
ou |
it it |
|
They are coming |
yo |
<^ it |
-75-.
I would come Yon would come He would come We would come You would come Thev would come
m
ou
li
nou
ou
yo
ia
vmi
Presknt of verb ape
I am coming ,.
M'ape vini Ou ape vini Li ape vini Nou ape vini Ou ape viijj Yo ape vim
J would have come.,.
M'ta villi Ou la vini Li ta vini Nou ta vini Ou ta vini Yo la vini
/ came
M'te vini Ou le vim Li t6 vini Nou te vini Ou te vini Yo 16 vini
Past tense
I was coming ..
M t'ape vini Ou tape vmi Li I ape vini Nou (ape vini Ou Tape vini Yo t'ape vini
/ wasnt going to come
M pa rape vini Oil pa I'ape vini Li pa Tape vini Nou pa t'ape vini On pa tape vini Yo pu Vupe vini
— 76 - A few usual phrases
May well be used to pi (i*.iice phrase conslniclion
KNGLISH CREOLE mONUNClATlON
How do yoa feel conmnn o'l ye jmi koo-mih-oo-yay
tod IV ! (li '^ zhoo-djee.
Ilavo >ou a h(^a I- on ^.^nnmer md oo gahn-yav-mahl
aoh.i? toll! ? ' tjlc
Hive you a fever on ^agiiier ia lie- on g\hti-yay la fee
vre. ayv.
« K( « cold ou gagnier rluimo. oo gahn-yay-reem
a c a chill on gagnier Ins- a cc cc free- so a fon,
« a (( pain ou gagnier dou- < * « doo-ler lenr.
Where is the pain cole doule ou ye kor-lay doo ler oo
}1j\v lo:i,n^ linvc fl^pi qni;rheu ou day-pee-kee- ler-
yoii I) en s ck ? inal i(l^\ oo mah-lahd
How many times combien foi ou te karm- bien- fwah-
did you take the pranu reujed la oo-iay-p!arn- ray
inederjue yester- liier. mehd-!ah-yayr (1 »y 1
Which is the road qui less chemin kee-less-sher- nia-
to iMirelaiais? pon aller Mireba- n^e-poo-prahu poo
lais. allay-nit^e bah-lay
Is Uv3 road loo ess qne chemin ess ker sher mane
muddy for the la gagnier trop h lah gahn yay trope
auto '? bju pou aulo la? lah boo poo aw
to lah
We wish to send nou besoin voye no >behzwehn vo-
ENGLISH
for more gaso- line.
The trail is too steep f )r my horse can yon get me another ? .
My horse is tired how much will I have to pay to hire ano her ?
Saddle and bridle my horse. Give V)e mule some grass Give th'- horse some wa'er ^uve the boy five cents.
Call the men for me.
Why do they go away
Tell the n not to be afraid Fix my saddle
CREOLE
cherche plus ga- zoline.
chemin la trop a pique pou ch'^ual moin, ou capab fe mouinjuinn gnou I'autr.
choual moin fati- gue, combien pou m'paye pou louer gnoun Tautr.
selle bride choual moin.
bail millet^ la un
pen zheb
bail choual ia un
peu d'l>
bail gacon la cinq
cob.
rhele moun la yo
pou moin
pou qui v) couri
di yo yo pas be-
soin peu
range selle mouin
PRO N UNCI ATIO>J
yay " sher shay plees gah zo leen. sher mane la trop ah peek poo shw all mweh oo ki^h pahb feh mweh zhwenn yoon lote shwail mweh fah tehee gay, karm bien pou mweh pay ay pou Iwey yoon lote. sell-ay bree-day shwail mweh buy mee-let lah ehn peh sehb buy shwal lah ehn peh dlo buy gah s ne la sank kjrb. reh lay mom la yo poo mweh poo kee yo koo ree.
djee yo yo pah beh zwehn per.
rahn-zhay sell rnwfeh.
^ 78 - Proverbs
1.^^ line Creole proverb
Sni » III feral Iransluiion
3rd » englisli prouerb
Soufle fairas pan on hold d'lo Blow the (iirt aw.iy before driiik'iig Be sure youre right llien go ahead
G4 cue boiiche pe *
Eyes see, moulh remains silent Dont tell every Ihing you see
Chiq pa.<5 janmin re^pecle pie gran monchd. Ticks never lespecr Ihe feel of great men Misfortune l3omes to everyone regardless of rank
Mouup. qui rond par cnpab vini carr^. People born round cannot become square Once a crook always a crook
Zafair mouto}\ pas zafair cabrit. Bnisness of sheep is not buisness of goat Everybody mind Iheir own buisness
Calle poe>son pas J agent Fush scales is not money All is not gold that gUllers ,
-79-*
Tout bols ce boii^t niais inapoii pas cajou All wood is wood but mapoii is not mahogany All persons of the same clas<^ are nof^ of the same quality
CV soldier qui connin si chaiisell gagnin troa. It is shoes that know if the socks have holes You have to live with a man to know his true nature.
Qtiand ravett fai danse ^li pas \anntin iavite poule When spiders hold a danse they never invite chic- kens A band of thieves never invite the police to their rendez-vous
Pas janmin coiiri de chimin a la fois Never try to go tw^) roads at the same time Never try to do two things at the same time
Tout poesson mange monn, reqiiin seul pole blame. All Qsh eats people, but sharks alone cany blame. Any man is liable lo crime but only those once convicted are suspects.
La fimiii pas janmin leve sans Ji/e.
Smoke never rises unless theiir is tire
Where there is a rumor Ibeir must be a foundation
• SO-
|
Numbers |
||
|
3 |
v^n |
erri |
|
2 |
de |
deh |
|
3 |
tfois |
iwor |
|
4 |
qua Ire |
kahlr |
|
5 |
eincf |
sank |
|
« |
six |
seese |
|
7 |
sept |
ShI |
|
8 |
huir |
wpet |
|
9 |
neiif |
nehf |
|
10 |
dix |
deece |
|
11 |
onze |
ovvnze |
|
42 |
douze |
dooze |
|
13 |
Ireize |
treyze |
|
#4 |
qnatorze |
kHliloize |
|
i5 |
quinze |
kanz |
|
16 |
e^eize |
seyze |
|
47 |
dix se|>t |
deeset |
|
4» |
dix hmt |
deece weet |
|
11> |
dix neiaf |
deece nehf |
|
20 |
vingl |
vant |
|
2t |
vingt el nn |
vani evern |
|
^2 |
vingl dewx |
vant deh |
|
23 |
vingl trois |
vant Ivvor |
|
24 |
vin^t qnalie |
vant kaht |
|
25 |
vingt cinq |
vant sank |
|
26 |
vingt six |
vant seece |
|
27 |
\\ngi seot |
vant set |
|
28 |
vir^^t huit |
vant weet |
|
29 |
vingt neuf |
vant nehf |
|
80 |
tiente |
trahnt |
|
40 |
quarante |
kah rahnt |
|
50 |
cinqiiante |
sank lihni |
|
m |
«;ni>Lqnle |
KWjh SMhflt |
•81-
|
70 |
soixanre diK |
?^wor sahnt deece |
|
80 |
quaire vingt |
kah treh vant |
|
00 |
quatre vingt dix |
kali treli vaut deece |
|
100 |
cent |
bal'iit |
.*!^unday
Monday
Tu-sday
Wednesday
Tliiiisday
FrM Jay
Saluiday
Days
dimnnciie
Inndi
mardi
inerciedi
jeudi
vendredi
samedi
dee mahsh lern dee mall dee nieh kreh dee ziier dee vahn dreh dee saliin dee
^lonths
Joniiaiy
Ft^biuary
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sepiember October November December
Janvier Fevrier Mars ^ Avril Mai Jnin Juillet Aoiic
Sepiembre Octobre Novemhre L)ecembre
zhahn vyey ft^v ryey niahss ah vreel may jern
zliwee yet uh col seplemb ahk lobe no vahm dav sahm
kiMml Data on Haiti
Habits and traits of the People
The native Hailiens are usually very quiet ar P' ace loving.Theynreof a cjenerous and sympathet <1i?posilion, an^l Iheir ronimnnily life is ifleal. A ^Isiance is always oriven to Ihe needy ; and Uk 1nke pride in Ibeir hospitality.
Tlie women are active, indnslrious, and pe form a « £(oodIy porliou of llie inanual labor llie country. » They are adepts at sale and barte A most interesting: and pictniesque siorht are tl long lines of markpt women cons^tantly comii and goin^,*^ on the hi^^drways leading to Ihe lown The matk^t produce is either carried on the hea( of the women or on burroes. As pedestrians tl women are above comparison, walking miles ar miles with no appaient fatigue.
Markt ts are maintained in all the villages, towr and cities, and it is from tlie.-e maikets that: nev and gossip are disseminated Lhrougtio.it the com try. Minor ti'ading is carried on at all cross road
—84-
Tiavellers are cordially greeted by evoryone they meet and iuformaiioii as lo the couutiy is gladly given,
Distani!vis are leckoned by lime ralher than by distam-e, mid it is vviill lor ilie new arrival lo keep this always in mind, when travelling in Ihe counliy dislricls.
News travels rapidly owing lo the hige number of voyagers and Iheir habits of viiriling.
The people are religious ; every lown of any con- sequence has its place of worship, and it is well pationized by all. Towns nol large enough lomain- lain a priest in residence are periodically visited by priesls fioni laiger towns who ride reg ilar ciicnils , holding services m every town tlirougli which ihey pass.
Visilif)g, riding, dancing, and cock-figluing form the principal amusenienls in the countiy.
Heallli Conditions
Malaria is very prevalent and is Ihe principal febiiie disease ot Haiti. The abundant vegetation, the lack of drainage, etc, leads lo accumulation of w ib'V wliich forms idea breeding places for mos- qnilops. The bile of the infecttMl mosquito trans- mit-; ihe disease and the freqn< ncy ot malaria will b'- d'm.nislied only whon Iheir breeding places are climated. The probubiliiy of acquiring the
disease is greatly diininished by sleeping under good mosquito nets.
There are vary f^w water born diseases, perhaps due to the high elevation of llie sonrces of streams which provide water for drinking purposes. The rate of flow leais to rapid emptying of infectious material into the seas.
Then too, ih^^ process of filiration pinys a part, for many of the streams seep into the ground on- ly to reappear at a lower level. Very little amoebic*, dysentery is seen, typhoid fever is rare and small- pox occurs in a mi'd form. Dengue fever is fre- qnent and hook-worm infection is present in ten percent of Ihe population. Exciadin^r mblaria, the J^^^land is remarkably free of the ordinary cosmo- politan disease^;. The use of mosquito nets and careful attention to personal hygiene are all thp
mea^sures necessary to maintain average good health.
General Information
The Republic of Haiti lias an area of 10,t>n4 square miles, v^Mlh a population per square mile of abont 196. This is six times ttie average num- ber per square miie iii the United Stales and 1.4 limes that of France.
Haili is very mountainous. A certain nobleman is said to have described the island Haili by
— 80 —
crumpling a piece of piper in his hand and tlirow- ing it upon a table. Indeed, the high mountains and the many subsidiary Mdges canse a bird's eye view of certain poitio s to resemble a piece of stiff paper when crumpled.
There aie three principal mountain chains. The northern chain, Ihe Sierra del Cibao, extends from central SanLo Domingo to Mole St Nicolas, the central chain fiem central Sm Domingo lo St Marc, and the southern chain runs from the Bay of Neyba in San Djm ngclirectly west through the southern peninsula to Cape Tiburon This range contains the highest mountains in Hiiti ; Morn Gaba ( 9000 feel J, and L'l Hjtie, south of Jeremie ( 7400 feel.
The following information as to the altitudes of some of the summits near Port-au-Frince was furnishel by the Engineer of Haiti :
iMorne Crochu 3. 00 feet
Gran d'Eau 4600 a
Roseau 4500 ((.
En fan Is Perdus 3275 a:
Fort Jacques 4400 «
Montaignes Noires 0000 «
Morn Tranchant 6425 <r
Mom I'Hopital 3470 cc
Between the northern and southern peninsulas is Ihe Gulf of Gonave. Port-au-Prince lies near the tip of the triangle The island of Gonave is some
—87-
2^ miles from the Capital. The harbor of Porl-aa- Prince is 200 square miles in area.
The largest river in Haiti is the Artibonite, which rises iiq Santo Domingo afid emplies into the sea about 12 miles norih of St. Marc.
The plains of Haiti are very fertile. Those of the Artibonite an^l of the Cul de Sac ( east of Port aa Prince ) are Ihe largest in the Republic. The rain- fall is heavy. There is a wet and a dry season but this varies greatly throughout the Island. One por- tion may be in the middle of the rainy season while another portion is suffering tor want of water.
About 20 miles east of Ihe Capital City lies the lake refjion of the island. The first lake, Azuey, or Elang Saumatre is 15 miles long and 5 miles w^ide. The boundary line of Haiti and Santo Domingo pas- ses through this lake. The water is salty.
Irrigation is practised in many parts of Haiti, particularly ir) the plains of the Cnl da Sac. There are many ruins of old French irrigation systems.
There are approximately 520 miles of road suita- ble for motor traffic and Ihese are being constantly extended. They radiate from Port au Prince to Tronin, to Miragodne,to Croix des Bouqaels and to Cape Hailien. Hinche can be reached via St Michel. From Capellaitien ihere is a road toQuanaminthe which continues inio San Domingo. The h'gh- way from Port au Prince to Cape Haitien is 171 miles long and was completed late in 1917.
Railroads.
The p. C. S.
Porr au Prince to L«iogane Port au Prince to Tlioniazeau
The National, R.R. of Haiti
Port au Prince to St. Marc
Gonaives to Enneiy
Cap Hailien lo Grande Riviere
Approximative Population
|
miles |
20 |
|
« |
22 |
|
f |
61 |
|
a |
20 |
|
« |
10 |
|
Port an Prince |
100,000 |
|
Gonaives |
15,000 |
|
St iMarc |
13.000 |
|
Cap Haitien |
25.000 |
|
Caves |
20 000 |
|
Jacmel |
18,000 |
|
J^iemie |
1(1,000 |
|
Mirogoane |
5.000 |
|
Port de Paix |
5,000 |
|
^ 11 Approximative Distance |
|
|
Poi t au Prince |
to Leogane miles 20 |
|
(( 41 |
to Pelionville cc 4 1(2 |
|
« « |
to Thoniazeaa (( 22 |
|
<k <L |
t3 Croix des Bouquets « 15 |
|
« e |
to Arcahaie « 29 li2 |
89 -
Pof I au Prince
C( C(
« «
Arcahnie .St. Miic Sl Mate (joiiaives Eiinery St. Michel Maissade Knnery Plaisance Limbe C'ip IT;iiiien Lr Troii C<')p FInilien
Port de Paix lean Rnbpl MoleScNicolHS P^imbardapo'is Anse Rouge Hincbe Hinche Petiie Rivieie ?Jircbalais Lns ('ahobas .(li'oix des Bqts. Leogaue
(o Miiebalus
to Cap Hailien
to CcU^es
lo St. Marc
to Felile l^iviere
to Gonaives
to I^^niur y
to St. Michel
to Maissnde
to Hinche
to Plaisance
to Lifnbe
to Cap Hailien
to Le Troii
to OiiMH iminthe
to Port de Paix
to Giande Riviere
to Jpan Rabel
to Molf^ St. Nicolas
to Bonibardapolis
to Anse Rouge
to Gonaives
to Thomasique
to Thomonde
to La Chapelle
lo Las Cahobas
to 13elladere
to Fond Pari^iens
lo Tionin
nailes
«
« «
<(
«
€
if <i « «
«
33 171
125 33 17 4() 18 8 20 10 17 I:;
10
18 2<»
00
p)
20 1/2
i 5
15
13
40
10
12
21
18
10
27
/i
-^90-
Trouin
Jacmel
Jacmel
Leogane
I'elit Goave
Mirago^ne
Anse a Veau
Baradere
Pestel
.leremie
Dame xMarie
Aiised'Hainault
Tiburon
Port a Piment
i^ort Salut
Cayes
St Louis
Aqnin
Aquin
to Jacmel to SalTrou to Cotes de Fer to Petit Goave to Miragoane to Anse ^ Veau to Baradeie to Pestel to J^remie to Dame Marie
to Anse d'Hainault
to Tiburon
to Port a Piment
to Port Salut
to Cayes
to St Louis to Aquin to Coles de Fer to Miragoane
miles 15
Products of Haiti
« «
«
45 24
14 21 23
Pi 1/2 25 30 8 20 25 20 18 25 11 25 29
The most imporlant exports are colTee, cotton, locTwood, cocoff-, lignum vitce, wax, honey, sugar- and hides.
Indigenous products, plants an i fruits, are rice, maize, arrowroot, yams, sweet polatoes, plantins, bananas, pinienloes,minioc or cassave,sugu^ cane, coffee, melons, cabbage, bread fruit, mangoes, cai. metes, oranges, limes, and grapes.
Weights and Measures.
The Metric System of weights and measures is official in Haiti tjiough Ihere are in use some old Haitien weights and measures that are not official.
Weights
1 Kilogramme equals 2.20462 pounds or 35.274
ounces 1 Pound equals 0.4535 kilogrammes or 553.50
grammes.
Volumes
1 Liter equals 0.2041 gallons or 2.1133 pints, 1 Gallon equals 3.785 liters
Length
1 Meter equals 1.0936 yards or 3.2808 feet or
39. 37 inches. 1 Kilometer equals 0,62137 miles, 1 Foot equals 0,3048 meters. 1 Mile equals 1.6093 kilometers.
Unofficial measures
1 Aune equals 45 inches.
1 Marmite equals the contents of a fl.ve pound
butter or lard can. 1 carreau equals approximately 3 1/4 acres.
9-2-
Normal Values of meleorological eleinenls
Port-au-Prince
BAROMETER TIME HUMIDITY NEBULOSITY RAINFALL IN MM
|
January |
8.07 |
'24.4 |
65 |
2.7 |
29.9 |
|
February |
8.93 |
2i.9 |
63 |
3.1 |
63.6 |
|
March |
8.48 |
25.3 |
6i |
3.8 |
9i.6 |
|
April |
7.97 |
'26.1 |
05 |
4.7 |
171.6 |
|
May |
7.28 |
10.4 |
73 |
5.5 |
256.8 |
|
June |
7.96 |
'27.4 |
08 |
4.9 |
95.7 |
|
Jnly |
8.33 |
27.9 |
04 |
43 |
73.0 |
|
August |
7.59 |
27.6 |
08 |
45 |
i39.4 |
|
Septembei |
' H.67 |
2(3.9 |
73 |
5.0 |
197.9 |
|
October |
5.90 |
26.4 |
76 |
4.9 |
170.2 |
|
Novembei |
• 6.58 |
25.6 |
72 |
^3.7 |
81.0 |
|
December |
7.87 |
'24.7 |
68 |
3.1 |
39.0 |
|
Averages |
7.68 |
26.13 68.5 |
4.2 |
118.3 |
|
|
Average annual |
rainfall |
1419.9 |
Data furnished by Engineer d'Haiti
- 93 —
HAITIEN MONEY SYSTEM.
Hailien money is issued in copper, Nickel, and paper, and is one fiftb llie value of American nion- ey. It isissup-din the following denomination :"
1 ceniime ( copper ) j/5 cent American
5 centimes ( nickel ) I « ^^
10 centimes ( nickel )..... 2 cents «
20 centimes ( nickel ) 4 cents «
50 centimes ( nickel ) iO « «
i gourde ( paper ).,... 20 « cc
2 gourdes (paper) .... 40 « «
iO gourdes ( paper ) . . . . 2 dollars «
FINIS.
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL PINE OP 25 CENTS
WrLL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO *I.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE.
*-^
OCT 5 1935
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LOAN DEPT.
YB .18R24
870286
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UNIVP|ISITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY