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u

:^'- W

^-

THE

MONTHLY REVIEW5

O R,

LITERARY JOURNAL:

From July to December, inclujwi^

M,DCC,LXXXiy.

By several HANDS.

-•'.	VOLUME LXXI.
• «		- .. >.

LONDON:

Printed for R. Griffiths:

And Sold by T. Bbcket, No, 8a, Pall MalU M.DCC.IXXXV,

O/

^40083

• • •

TAB L E

TO THE

Titles, Authors* Nai*E8> .&«• of l^ Publl* cations rqyicwcd in this Voiume. *

N. B« For REMAkKABLS PaqIagbs, in the tiritkijms ztfi Bxtraets^ fee the I N D £ X, «t the End of the Voluriie. ,

w n Propa^s^tMh ikidArrws^-

neat of Planti, &c* lb,

Abst* ACT of the l^u4|ec» lor yit^ %%% Acta SAMCToiivM Se^^ii Se^tffa, 470 Add BBSS to cfao Public On Coughs and Coldly 75

AdvbKtubbi of b |Old«heidcd Caocy

150

Advice to b new Meinlitr of I'arlia-

ment, B|b

g^LMAVt de Nst, Animal, Itb^BYiu 471

ABRotTATfrcExp«rim«ntt(OBtoiNAC-

PArsB) with B Ubu'ar View of all

the aerial Voyagea hitherto mad«« In

France, luly, £o|Und, jkc^ 179

ABBotTATioN, a Farce, .476

Amebic A» Trade rcU Id, 70, 146, I44>

145, I47» '5*. 37»» 3«S

Andbew6 8 Lettets to b young Geatle- aaan, S58

Answbb to Thoughts o« b iParliameii- tary Reform, 68

Argument colleAed, 6S

ABTHua't Sermoosi 3^

AsPHYXIEf. See GAiOAlfE*

AsTLE on the Origin and Progrpfs of Writing, 271

A^TBONOMiCAL EphcnMris for 17849

470

Attbbbvby^b Epift, Cohefpotadence, Vol. III. 41

AvABO>nd l*ray, 315

BAKEB*f 'Tbtfes Gruc* & LstinB, 393 — *& Harmony of the ^vangelifH, J97

. l^oBACHTVHGBiii Vttfwebtmtd EifiA^

Bbbaot BetcBftel, Abb<» Ml Hidoiry bT thoCkBidi, Vols. XVII. BAdXVin.

ritkia

Balloons. See Aieostatiq* ■ ' SeeFAVjAS.

* t — lunaboi.*

> ^^^ BlaNchaio*

* ' ' — Calvi. BABBAOoBSy Glandular Difeafe of, 92 Bab IC9 Peruvian. See RicBr. Bastab D| a KoTc), 387 BastIlBi LingueCi Memoirtof, refuted.

Bar HAM Dowtis, a Norelg zzt

BkBO, Prof, hit Colk^lioii of Criti

and Tbtelotical Diflertationi^ 467 Bbbgman— OB«/htf/B Pbyfca Ohmka^

Vok 111% 30X

■ * SetMgrgpbtk MheraHt^ Fronch

Traoflation of, 565

BtBKBLBY*sWorkk, 3S7

' ni .,.> Memdrt of Berkeley, 3ff

BsRNABDi*! EfTay on the Revolatioiis uk

French JurifprodMe, 46B

Bbthlbmbm Hofpital, Account of, 151 .diBLiOTBB.x:A'7ao«rirMl<J<«i NmnbAB . XIV. XV, ami XVI. ,3m

,B IB LIOT M B K ^ Orojsfurjftn, Arc. 567 BfOiGBAYHi A Britaimicai VoK HI. B4C ■I new Edition^

-contsaaed, 31^

' " *• • r • concluded, 40s

BLAMc'HARo*sharratiTeof hit 3d aerial

Voyage, 38B

BtATNBy*8Trao(1v of jereniah>Src. i6x B&EToi**s extraordinaay Faculty. See

ThouYtnel, BoDB, M. concerning the PlaoBtof Her-

fchcl, 47ft

Booth on Pcedobaptifm, Bcg

Bos i V B T> felcd Works of, 564

Botanic Analogy, 421

BoVbm, Lieut. Review of his Trial, 15B BowEn's Accottnt of Bethlehem Hofpi-

tal, 151

BoYs*t minore Shells. SeeWALKta. Bbvgman, Mr. 6. J. PhtloibphicBl Dif*

fertaiions rel. tothe Afi/f, 1783, 47B BoBKB*s Reprefentation to his Maje(ly»

I4« Btf a T0K*8 Edit, of Manillus, 45^

fiuTTEBwoBTH OB the ChfiftiBB RcB*

gion.

»$♦

CALvi*8 Method of directing Air Bal* loom, ^

C A N 0 N s of CtltwCm, V»^

CARPzow^t Latia Ttu^^^^ '^ *^

A» Ck%i^k-

iv

CONTENTS.

Ca t R Avtii^* Ml '1>9erUtion c^

eerning <V**fo«l't Tfceory, 4;^

CARTwtiGRT*8 lottraal Evidencei, in

tnfwer to Jenyni , " :%i4

Cats of Neptune, %%6

Ch A B K 1 T, offthe French fdem^rchf, 459

'^AtMERtS Opiiii6tts' on tnttrefting

Sobjeat, fS5

Cramberl a'i'n e on Cowhi|ey 390

Charslby on Fevers, 391

LCKATIWORTuVRPottn^ '9US

Chattbrton. SecSwrrtEMBNT, Crri'stika. See fticcoBoivi. Cl I iiTON*t Letter to the Commiffionen . of Public Accbvntt, 1$%

• C'oa l I t I o n Rencontre anticipated, 476 ^iCex.Ds and Coagbt, See Address. .GbLbBCTloM Jlr SiAnoirit' Ctymifua,

Ac, 566

.CoMMBNTARiES and fiflays, t>y the So- ' ciety for promoting Scriptore Know- ledge, %g CoNsiDERATioRs on the National DAt, 144

• Cook's Voyage to the Paciilc Ocean, 49,

lit, 483 XooBSR*! Addrttfs to Perfont after Con- ' firnationi 237

'CoRBET*s Eng^ift Granmtr, - 231 -CoRif-DiftiDefy ftato^^ i,%z

■CoRicisH^iThankfgiviog Sermon, 239 -CoRRBiroNDENCx With the ReWewers,

79> ^^ «4o^ 479 -CotfTvMis e9iifiderAf, &c» See Cos«

TOMS.

Coxx*s Tnifeli into Poland, Rnffia, &c.

»95» »5«i 3*9» 417

■ Cratxk^s Sermons, ' 395 CuRTis*s (Mrs.) Poems, 3S6 Coar^Mt confidcredy » Larwi xa Prance,

4^

D*Alb0N, Coont, Difcoorfe on the Aufu(Van Age; Compared with that ofUuisXIV. 553

I>ALRYMFLE*sTa^CS, 21

■ ■ *s View of the ancient Syf. tern of the Eaft India Company, 3 f 2

*■' ' ' ' • 's Account of their Mode of

• colle^Hog the Rcf enues, 314 Damon and Deli^, 7S Dangerous ConReAioni, 749 Darby's Vifiution Sermon, 319 D*AuBXNTON,M. Inftrsaions forShep.

facfds and Proprietors of Sheep Walks,

504 Day on the Slavery of the Negroes, i 54 Deanb*s Addrefs to the Sutes of A me*

rica, 147

Description of a Net for defiro^ing

the Tnrnip-Fly, 7S

DiALOGvx between a Countryman and

ACier^>man, 7S

JPicTjoHAiMM £f/^or/fife & Crltiqut^

Dijon, tfem. of the'A^demjr of, 47! DiRscTiONS for the Student in Theo-

logy, 316

DiacouRS fttf a remport/U PrtxdePAca*

demie RtysU its Injcriftions^ &c. de

Paris, $3»

fur tette Sluefim, &c. 553

fiir ktuM€, 365

Discourses, Three, at the MasePond,

• Soothwark, ^4

DlSSBRTAZlONK, &C. 47ft

D9BsoN*8 (Mrs.) TranflatioD of Pi]sye*s

Memoirs of ancient ChiTslry^ 115

DoDDiNGTON*8 Diary, z

• Do A N r 0 X D*s Letters, 68

DowNE*s Sermons, 234

DbwNMAN*s Editha,'R Tragedy^ 450

Drewe*s Military Sketches, ' 70

- Dx d p s T , Remedy for, 76

DvvAi.*s Sopp. to SmitVs Optics, 471

EAST Indies, TraQs relative to, 14$, U«, »33» 3"» 3»4» 3S4» 3«5 Eden Vale, 149

EoiTHA, a Tragedy, ^ 450

Edmonstonx oq the PrCYention of an EyiI, &c. • 3^

Edwards on Goofe Graft, 39%

El OCX btftoHfue de Due deVindome^ 565 'Etoer, &c. 584

EffNEMXXiDES ^nmoln,A»it% Jafircalarm

' I7»4, , . 47®

•Ex MAN and Reclames Memoirs rel, to the Rift, of the French Refugees in the King of Proifia'a Dominions, 519 t^ Errata in our laft, 480

'B.%t%l'T deVtGfl, gyrate deVB^rtfe, 207 EssAi/vr Us RAfoluthttS du Droit Frarm fois, 46S

Essay on true Fa&ion, 148

Ml I Oh Medals, 201

" . -I OS Parliamentary Reprefenta* tion, 473

Evans's Refutation of Linguet*s Me- moirs of the Baftile, 389

FA BR oNi^s Eulogies of eminent It|i- lians, 5S4

Familiar, Addrefs to the Curious in Engli/h Poetry, 151

Fashion, aa Ode, 22S

■ ■■ .••' . See alfo Essay. F A V J A s de St. Fond*8 Defcription of Ae- roftatic Experiments, 37^.

■ Mineralogy of Volcanos, 517

Fawcxt*8 Sermon on the Death of Mr. Townfeod, 1 59

*s Two Sermons on the Difmem- berment of the Britilh Empire, 393 FxxMAT, M* Influence of his Writings,

&c. FiDXLio*s Seven Letters, Fix M I AN, Count, hit Life, F4«VaKTTgt»

'%

568

CONTENTS.

30I, J7I, 467

FoTRSBOitt., Dr. Cattiogoe of bis

Gteeo-bo«i« PUnti, Ste, ao

Pox tod Fitt*t Spetchetop the Weftmin-*

< fter Scnitiiiy» Junt 8, 311

FoK*t Martytty 145

. Pa A M c 1 8*t Speech in die-Hoofe of Com-

moniy ibid*

■■ *8 Two Spe^et oa the original

£aft lodia Bill, ftc. 314

pBAKKLiii't (Dr. BenjO Remarki on

• the bavages of North America, 70 **— •» Two Tradf, 146 Fa S£ Mafoory. See Suf tk«

• F a B B *■ Political Soagfter, 3S6 FaBNCH Language, Difieoorfe oo the

Uoiverfaliry of, 577

Fa I CHI idM fMitK/f Mt dtt, 00 Penal ' ^-aws, 469

FaiTTia, 388

GALB Oft Tahilic Cftdk, ^^5

Caboahb, M. hit CatcchifVn

conctrmng A^yxiefy 564

Gbntt, Abbe, hit eftimate of what the

leveateeath Geatafy owes to Cotfoiclior

Feraaat, 563

i bis Prise Difc. 00 Loxory, 5^5

Gbsschichtb iler Mehnngtm aitenr und

-neuerer- y^elker. •on G^t, Ac* 5 6S

GBS<^vi£avs, Jpf* Adf of the BeJgic

Saints, 47©

.Gibbon, Mr.JLetterito* ^eeTaAVis* GiFFORO on the Unity of God, 78 GioRNALE Aftro«.Mettorolo^cOf 570 God, Unity of, elaci4ated, 78

Go V V Ba N B M E Rs, /vr la Fcrmt des» 468 GjtAMMAB, French. See Soutt's*. Gao8B*s Antiquities of England and

Wales, with finprovements, 299

HAaDXNGB*s Speech at the Bar of the Hoo/e of Lords, 385

Has R I soic*s Sacred Harroony, 158

Habtlbt's Addrefs to Che Trinity

Houfe, 14J

Uabwood on the Socinian Scheme, a35 — 's Cafe, 39a

■ *f Letter to the Reviewer, &c. 477 Hawkbstonb, Oefcription of, - a29 HsLLsooarr'a Account of the Pmllian

Army, 153

HsNOY on the Glandular Difeafe of fiar-

badeef, . 9a

H a a A L D of Literature, (9

HaaMESiAKAX. See Weston* HsaTzaaao's Difeourfe tel. tothebeft

Form of Ooternment, 468

ff f LLt4Bi>» M. on Morals, Power, Laws,

ftic 569

iliifTs Ibra'NewParfjameor, stt

BJ9TOUE drrMifi, VoluKVlh and . XVIiL 5^3

HisToiBB iMrah dt (a Cbim, Vols. XI.aBdXil. 5«e

HisTOBT of Eaelufioas froM the Roy J ' Society, aj^

I of Ritflia. See LeCLBac*

Ho L c a OF T*s NM Pfa/amt^ 440

HoR AC a. Edit, for Schools. See Knox. HoasLBT*s Reply to Prieftley, 177

HouLSTON on Poifons, 3^

Hou B E*s Let to the Eledon of Gr. Br. 67 Ho w E s*s Vifitation Sermon, 3 tp

Hughes's (Mrs.) Poemi,. 3K

Hu N T E a *s SacRd Biography, 43^

HvcaoMBTaT* SeeSAussoas.

JACKSON on the Delay of the Weft. minfler Scrutiny, jn

•*s Thirty Letters, nrw Edit. 347 Jenkins oa Infant Sprinkling, &c* %f$ JaatMiAH and Lamentations, new TranflatfOH of, i^c

. Jbrnincham's Rife and Progiefi of ScandinaYian Poetry, 99

JaiAXAs, &c* 467

Incognita, §30

Inobpenobnt, aNorel, aaj

Influbncb 4leFermatJur'fin SkcU, icc

Inscbiptioms, ancient, in Sicily, Col- leton of, J 16

In-stbuctions pomr tts Bt^t & Pro- prietaires de Trtuptamx^ fte. 504

iNVBSTXCATtoH of the Rights ofUri* tifh Subjc^s, 477

JoN E s's Difcourfe on the loftitution of an Oriental Society, at Calcutta', 354

Journal of the Siege of Gibraltar, 148

IRELAND, Linen Manufactory of. See

PaaCBDENTS.

la WIN*! Occafional Epiftles, addrefled ^o Mr. Hay ley, 193

IsjONVAL, Af <r, his Collcflion of Che- mical Memo rt, VoL I. 566 '

Italian Letters, 3^7

JirvBNAL and Peifios, Edit, for Schools. See Knox.

KBLSALL onquarteriag the Troops,

Key to the three firftchsp.ofGeBefis,a33 King on the National Debt, 141

Kxppi s*s Obfervations on the Contef!s in the Royal Sociery, ^gg

Kir WAN^s Elements of Mineralogy, Sr Knoz*s Edit, of Juvenal and Perfiua, 156 of Horace, 157

— *s View of the B>itifli Empire, tt6

"T AMB, Mr. PoeticEpiftleto, 315 J ^ La TRAMPS Synopfis of Birds, Vol.

Laura atid Aognftos^ "Ji

1.1 Clctc's Hlft, of ^iuCta, cwi^xtwt^^

CONt ENT 9.

)E»tftTOfttt hr Sunday Eveninfs, 159 ■ I Geograpbtques & Hijhrifuet,

ttt. Vols: V. and VI. 567

I.tMOi«*s Englifli Etymology, 171

lit Roy on the Ships of tjhe Ancients, 544 I«XTTEt to Dr. Prieftley, ^3

M to Sir CtcU Wray, aj^

».i— * from a Medical Gentleman to his

Friend in the Country, 390

■■ to the Rev. Stf Tho. Broughton,

J" IktTTZKA fopra r^cctfione del, 306. Fa^-

kii, 470

I.BTTI*B del S'lg, Abate Dominic9, Stf'

Hni, Vol. VI. 5g4

&S T T E R s of a Peerefi to her eldeft Son» '74 •— — «— • to Honoria and Marianne, 155 !■ ■ from the Archdeacon of St.

' Albania in Reply to Dr. Prieilley, 177 ^ 'T'- of Keptuneand Gracchus, 315 ■ " on Wit and Humour, 389

» '*- in B«h«lf of Profeiibrs of Mu-

Ac, ib.

I.*.H0MNEVR Fraftf»is, 470

JL|NDSMANM*s Hift. of the Opinions of

-ancient and n>odtrn Nations, 56S

LivBRpooL, medical Survey ofy 391 Ll V K K ^«i Efi/atit, 158

Lo«AW*s Elements of the Philofopby of

.Hiftory, 229

Loik Pvnalext 469

Looking Glafs, 217

t«uif Aaoi*a Acck of his aerial Voyage, 3S3 JUy son's PraAical Eflays, 76

fABLir on the Government and _ _ ^_ Laws of America, 3^1

Iac NALLY*i RUfin Hood^ 448

%Aajlla^ Father de, his Hift. of China,

Vols«Xl,andXII. 565

MaIzbroy^s Tadtics, tranflated by

Maote, • 86

IdANlLlOS. SeeBoRTON. Mantb'. See Maizeroy. |M[aria, a Novel, 387

Martyn*s Hints of important Ufes to

be derived from Aeroftatic Globes, 383 ll^SBRKS Oil Aanuitiesy 3^8

Mat 0*8 Apology and Shield for Proieft-

Rnt DiiTcnters, 426

A&AZK Pond, Three Difcourfes to the

Bi^ti ft- Coogregation thcrr^ 394

Medals, Eflay 00, 201

Medical Obfervations and Inquiries,

Vol. VL 263

Meerman*8 (M. de) Prize Difcourfes

concerning the Ach«an, Helvetic, and

Belgic Confederacies, 531

Mentelle, Af. k\t& Portions of . Geography and Hiftory, Vols, V. and

VI. 567

Mt'MoiRss dt Pjicadmie RtyaU da

Stlen€np9mVAnniBij%0f ' 4S5

Mt*Moi«ss de PAcadenut ImpmaU ^

Rtyak, Sec, Vol. IV. concluded, 49 j

1 I ^ ' dc PiJMfpeMr

la partU det Seieneee if des Arts, 50^

■ ■ ' four ferwr ^ tHiftirt dft

Refuges Franfoh, ice, 518

pour Jgrwr kVti'^oiredela

Religion feerette det antiem Ftatpltt^ ^f^

Memoir s of the Dying, i$x — -, — of Bidiop derkdey, 38! • of the Academy of Dijon, for

>783f 47*

Mi LIT A rY Law8| ancient Code of, 3&5 Mi'HntLAi.OGit det Volcatit^ 5X7

Mineralogy ot the Pyreflefe, Eflay on.

Modern Atalantis, %xt

Moz u a s, (/< Ai Puljfanct, dm Courage, &f des isoix, 46S

MoN archie Franfoife, ^ 4*9

MoNc Ez, M, his French Tranflation of Bergman's Siiagrapbia Aiineralit, 5^5 Monks, Specimen of the Nat. Hift. of, fi MoNRO*s comparative Anatomy, %^ Morals, Power, Sec, confidered in rela- tion to the Education of a Prince, 468 Moss's Medical Survey of Liverpool, 391 Mother Hubbard's Tale, 7t^

Mu s A V M Dwfiurgenfe, 467

M Y s T E R Y hid from Agss, ftc* 204

NATIONAL Debts. SeeTHt)TTBHTS. NATtrtltKUNDlGk Verband^* nng. Sec. ^ 4^*

NAViRks ^ex Ancient conjtder/et par rd» port ^ leur Poilet, 544

NtGROES. See DaV, N E WT 0 N^s Apologia, 426

NiEui Nordtjche Beytrage, Sec, Vol. iV.

568 Noble Pealant, a Comic Opera, 440

o

bservations on the propoied

Coal Tax, ftiB

-— on the Government, &c. of

America, 371

-, Effays, Sec. on the moft ob«

conomical Methods of prepari|ig Salt** pctre, 471

. fur U Pbxfyue, See, ib«

Or V s c V L a ^bjftca & Cbemicag Vol. IJIg

ym Oadxr of SttcceflioA to the Crown of

England, I53

Original Love Letters, 215

Osiris and Socrates, 56^

Other Thoughts on a PaiUamentarf

Reform, 6#

PA L A Yx*s Memoits of ancicat Chtvak ryiUanPatcdbyMrttDoMbn^ iff

f Al^ASf

CONTENTS.

vn

^AL t A t, U, \nt Mw Meaioirt reU to the ' Northern RegHMH, Vol. IV. 568

pA« ALLBL I in a t4 Lecimr to Pitt, 68 P^BLiAMXNTAiT R«pr«fentation, Ef- fay on, 47 S

i X Reform, Trtfh rel.

. to, 46,68

P A B X y *i Eden Vale, 149

PxKrccT on Infanitf, 316

Fkkv, a Poem, la

PviLotoFHfCAL Traoiadions of the ' Royal Society, for 1783. Part II. 104 PaTSioPHiLvs's Specimen of the Na- tural Hiftory of Monki, 38 PillonV Aeroftation, a Farce, 47^ Place, M. iU is. Theory of Elliptical ' Motion, 4yf pLAYPAiR^t Method of conftru£ting Vapour Batfai, 76 PiSfsiNp, Af. Ofirts and Socrates, 569 ■r kis Attempt to demonftrate the Neceffity of Eril and Pain, 570

POXTBT. SeeFAMILIAB ABDBXSt.

Pop h AM*e Two Sermoni, 398

PowKL*8 Poems, %%J

Pbxcxdbnts and Journals of the Tmi-

tees of the Linen and Hempen Manu-

fadares in Ireland, 145

BBXTTT-MAN*a Thankfgivhig Sermon

be/ore the Commons, S38

Fbick's Bofi/er^t to kis 'State of the

Poblic Debts,* &c. 139

Pbiistlst, Dr. See LxTf ca.

. View of the Argumeot for

the Unity of God, ' Letters to Horfley,

R

*15 Part 11.

Psalm fmging. See HAxaisoN. pyasNXAN Mountains, Ellay on the Minerabgy of, 566

x'cHxacHES analytiquet fur la NS"

ture de V Air infiammah/g, 5 10

RxPuGxxs, French, in PrQ£Ba| M^m.

RsMAaks on Lord Skeffield^s Obfenra- tions, 14^

R x M x' Dmsy Trcmn, Vie de^ 567

Rxvixw of theProceedinnagainft Lieut, Bourne, 159

I of the Qoeftion concerning the

- OoYermnent oflndia, 233

|ltccoBoyi*s **CbriiUnay Prlncefs of ' ^wabia,-* tranflatoil, 150

^iCHAapsoN*a Anecdotes of the Ruf- fian Empire, 61

RiCHx A*s Life of R^n^ Duguay Trouin,

RiGBYontheRed PeroWan Park, 76

(jyakol's Prite Difoouriie oa the Uni-

veflUftyoftheFrca^btlDpiage, 577

JiTAL Brothers, 224

4W9|«N9kJ| . IjO

RoBxaTs*s Letter tntiic Royal Soc. ^l^ Robin Hood, a Comic Opera, 44!

RoD£NMwzsT*s Defcription of Hawke-

ftone, Bx^

Ron PET, M, his Dldioaary of the Biblr*

Vol. HL 564

Rosa*s Fourth' Letter oa Phy6ologica|

Curloficics, 56f

RovssxL*s View of the Fair Sex, 479 Rovtles's Remarks 00 PrieAley, tit Royal Society, Ttada rcl. to the Uiim

fonfions in, 230, 38$

RoBtxR, Abb{, and M« Monges, Mr

Obf* on Nat. Philoibpby, &c« 471 Rump and Doaen, 315

Russia, Hift. of. S^LxClkbc. ■"I , Emprefs of. Library of tb^

Grand Dukes Alexander and Oooftaa-

tine, Vols. I. and II. i%f

Russian Army. See KaLLsnoapp. Empire, SeeRicMAaotoir. R Y M X a *s Chemical Rcfleaions , 7 \

Rtyes's (Mifs) Epiftle to Lovd JolMi

Cavendifli, t^

SA c Y, M de, French Honour, 479 Sailoi*s Addrcfs to the Lords of

the Admiraltv, I4f

Sanctobum Jeietifi & Judei Epijhim

Catlfolicee, 467

Satieical PferageofEngbB.% tif Saussvee 00 Hyprometry, all

Sauyigny, Abbe, his ieka Works cf

Bolfuft, 564

Scalk*s An«l^/is of the Creek Metres^

Sf»

So hem g for redeeming the National

Debt, ftc. 47^

ScHNxiDBa*s Edit'tM e/'idiaa» 471

School Dialogues for Boys, yf

. for Majefty, 214

ScoTT^ Speech in the Honk of Com-

mo|if, 14C

I on the ConduA of his Majefty'a

U\p Mipiiiers, af it •ff'^d the Eai|

India Company, &c. 314

Sx x M I l L X a *s Tranllation of the Epi Al«a

of James and Jude, 467

SxiLBB*s Prophecies offfaiah^ trarfl ted,

ib. SxLXCT Scottiih Ballads, Vol. II. 246. SEKNEBixa*8 Inquiries into the Natyrc'

of Inflammable Air, 31^

Sbntimbntal Decrirer, '77

SaquBL to Sir William Jones on the

Principles of Government, 474

SxxMOvs, Single, 79

, Thankfgitring, 238, 29S, 47I

pttbliii^ed coiie^ively, or in

ilume^, «i«.
by Downes,	»34
by Fswcett,	391
at the Mazf Pondi	•i^^
4	S^i^H^^^

Tut

CONTENTS.

Sz B M OH 8 by Crivcjij lb;

— by Arthur, ib,

■ by Popbam, 396 — i^— by Stockdaky 409 — — by While, 437 Sb8TIns*s Letters from Sicily and Tur-

. key. Vol, VI. SH

fiB w A R Dr*s LoMifa, 3^5

Shipl B Y, Dean, Trial of, at Shffcwfbury,

«o6 $BpBT Attempt, ftc. See Botanical

AKALOGY.

SxciLiJS et ohjaetnt'mm injularum vefe^

rum Infcripmnum CoUeffio, 51$

Sick Queen and Pbyficiaas, ^ ^ aa7

^iGHOBiiLi 00 the RevoliidoBt in the

. Sciencei in the Two SicUiefy 5^9

$i.iiiGSi.ANOT*B Political Writings, 4«t 8«iTR*a Ufe and Abufo of Free Mafon- ry, I5g

■ ■ Elegiac Sonnets, 368

— — »- Optic*, Supplement to, 471

S^0Vi.s^*t New Grammar of the French

; Lahguage, 74

Spbakino Figure and Automaton J Chefs Player, deteaed, 931

SriLiBVBY's Adrice to Bookfellers, &ۥ

147 Staat-xundigk Gejcbrtfttn cpgefield* . en nage/aateri, &c« 48 1

State of ihe prefent Situation of the £aft India Company, 133

SlT. Ckoix*s (Baron de) Memoirs rel. to the fccret Religion of the Ancients, 470,

5*8

St. Dayio*s (Bp. of) Thankfgiving

Sermon, before the Lords, 238

Stx¥BN80N*s Addrefs toBdwar4s, 143

STOCK dais's Three Pocmt,

■ ■ on Mifaothropy, -*s Sermons,

%7 69

9S 150

8'tRATF0Rn*s Fontenoy, a Poem,

St. Ruthin's Abbey,

SvccBssioN to the Crown of England*

See OaoBii.

SvFPi.BM£NT to Ckttterton*s Mifcel-

'laoies, 229

Swsi^iAR 00 the Venereal Direafr„ 316

SvtTBMX ^i^xfiV ^ moral dt la ftmrnt^

47»

TAMBBtAKE. See V A ITS. T 1 y L E a *t prise OificrtatioAit ttn* Ciuded, yol. HU 555

Thb'obib dm Siotvmem Effiptifte, 47! Thoughts on the National Debt, 67 . ■ I I"" OB the prefent £aft India

Bill. %%%

Thouvbi9BL*8 Secoifd Memoir, on the

Vugula D.taint^ - ■ 579

To At do's Aftro-metcorological Journal,

for the Year 1784, 570

Travels through Flanders^ the Nether**

lands, &c. 5«a

Tb A V I s*8 Letters to Gibbona, 341

Torni«-Fly, Defcriptien ^ a Net for

dedroying, 78

VA N b*s Life of Tamerlane, stS Vebhandblihg Radundtp 555 Verses to Mr. Pitt, 2x6

VicBNDA dtlta Cebmr0f 539

Vi LI. A RS, Duke, Life of, 469

Villa's Life of Count Firmian, 568 ViLLBN£vTE*8 Eulogy of the Duke de Vendome, 565

UwDERwooD on the Difeafes ef Chil- dren, 477 Unfortunate Senfibjlity, 149 Volt aire's Memoirs of his own Life,

219 Von dem Niuenbedekten PlamteHf ftc. 47Z Votagb d*un /imaiettr daArth 5b<b

WAKBPiBLD*a ThankfgiYing Ser« mon, 239

Wal'ker*s Edition of Boys on fflinui« Shells, 183^

W A L l E R *s Poetic Epiftle to Lamb, 3 1 5 — — *s Rump and Doseo, Conduiioi^ of Ditto. ib.

— — 'f Avaro and Tray, ibw

War neb's Caf^t in Surgery, new Edit.

390 Weddrezt on impoted Righteoufneli^

397 Westminster Guide, 148

Wsston's Herme6anax| 84

White on the Scrophula, 477

*8 Sermons at Bampton*! Lfc« tore, > 437

Whitely on the Neceffity of a Redeemer,

3«7

Wi£LiAMS*8 feru, a Poem, 12

Wint»b*8 Sefmoa oa ReUgioui Edncan tion, 24Q

WiTofthfPay» ?a.

WaAXALL'sToarthfOVi^ France, 151

T H E'

MONTHLY Key I E W,

For J U L Y, i/g-i-" /

Art. I. The Diary of tbt late George Buhb Dodington, Baron of* Melcombe Hcgis : from March 8, 174^-9, to February 6, 1761.- With an Appendix, containing fome curious and interefling Fa« pers, which are either referred to, or alluded to, in the Diary. Now firft publiihed from his Lordihip's original Manufcripts. By Henry Penruddocke Wyndham. 8vo. 68. boards. Wilkic.- 1784.

THE Editor's account of the manner in which thefe curious Memoirs came into his hands, is as follows :

* Mr. Thomas Wyndham, who died in the year 1777, left, among many otherldnd remembrances, a claufe in his will, in the following words: !* I give to. Henry Penruddocke Wyndham all my books* and all the 1 ate Lor dMelcom he's political papers^ letters, and poems, requeuing of him not to print or publifh any of them, but thofe that are proper to be made public, and fuch onl/i as may^ in fome de* gree, do honqur to his memory.*

The Diary begins in this manner :

< In the bcrinning of this year, [1749] I was grievouily afflifted with the firil nt of the gout, which, with a fall that drained one leg and wounded the other, confined me to my chamber near three months. - ^ • .

* During my lUnefs, feveral kind cxprelfions from the Prince to- wards me, were reported to me ; and on the 8th of March, his Royal Mighnefs ordered the Earl of Middlefex, his Mafter of the Horfe, to fend Mr. Ralph (whom he had often talked to about me) with a xtie/Tage fixrm his Royal Highiiefs, to offer me the full return of his^ favour, and to put the principal diredion of his affairs into my hands.

* I told Mr. Ralph, that I defired the two following days to con- fider of it ; ^d that he ihould have my anfwer at twelve o'clock^ 04 Saturday the i f th inftant.

* March 11. This day .in the morning I wrote to Mr. Pelham» de- firing him, as I was not able to go out, to wait upon the King, and in my name humbly to refign^ into his Majefly's hands, my office of Treafurer of the Navy.

Vot.LXXL 3 . ^tVfc;

g Lord Melcombe^j Diary.

* The fame day I gave Mr. Ralph my anfwcr in writing to the Wnce's gracious mefiage, to be delivered to the Earl of Middlefear, taking his. honour, that he would lay it before' his Royal Highnefs, which iV/Jr. Ralph performed, as did.Swlfo his Lordfhip.

' The fame morning, I receive^l'a.very civil letter from Mr. Pel- ham, teftifying his concern and litxprffe at my refolution, and de- firing that he might. fee me^ Befofe he delivered my meffage to the Knag, and acquainting^p^e';*U'Hat he Would come to me on Monday the 13th iri the morniBg/l^etbre he went to court, being then juft going into the courtJt^.'i

* March ntiiT*, TTXis'day, early in the morning, Mr. Pelham made me a long.vifirjt^ckli much civility, hefeemed to wifli much that this affair nwghr.go no farther. I told him that 1 faw the country in fo daqgejjbi^ a' condition, and found myfelf fo incapable to contribute to-'ji^ieRef and fo unwelcome to attempt it; that I thought it mif-

' became me any longer to receive great emoluments from a country, '■^^fiofe fervice I could not, and if I co.uld, I fhould not be fuffered to

promote : fo I begged him to execute my comm.i/IToA to the King,

and then we parted.

* He came to me again, about eleven o*clocfc, to let me know that the King accepted my reiignation very gracioufly, but expedled that I would continue to a£l till he could fix upon a proper fucceffor. I did fo, and was continued in the office till the ;d of May.

* The Prince was • xtremely kind to me, and often admitted me to the honour cf fupping with him and the Princefs. But on Satur- day the i6th of Jiily, going to Carleton Houffe, to make my compli- ments before I went to Eaftbury, he ordered me to fup with him, and invited me to fpend the day with him at Kew, on the follow- ing Tuefday, being the i8th, wanting, as he was pleafed to fay, to talk to me about bufinefs.

* July 18. This day I arrived at Kew about eleven o'clock. The Prince received me moft kindly, and told me he defired me to come into his fervice upon any terms, and by any title I pleafed : that he meant to put t^ic principal direction of his affairs into my hands : and vfhat he could not do for me in his prefent fituation, mufl be made up to me -in futurity. All this in a manner fo noble and frank, and with expreffions fo full of affedion and regard, that I ought not to remember them, but as a debt, and to perpetuate my gratitude. This pafTed before dinner.

* After dinner, he took me into a private roomj and of himfelf began to fay, that Ke thought I might as well be called Treafurer of the Chambers, as any other name : that the Earl of Scarborough, his Treafurer, might take it ill, if I flood upon the eftablifhment with higher appointments than he did : that his Royal Highnefs's dbflination was, that I fhould have 2000/. ptr annum. That he thought it bed to put me upon the ef&blifhment at the highefl falary only, and that he would pay me the refl himfelf. I humRy defired^ that i might fland upon the eflablifhment without any falary, and that I would take what he now defigned for me, when he Ihould be Kijag, but nothing before. He faid, that it became me, to make him that offer, but it did not become him to accept it, confiflent" with his reputatii;n, and therefore it muft be in prefent. He then im*- mediate]/ added, that we muft fettle what was to hapjen in reverfion,*

Lord Melcombe*/ Diary. ^

and faid, that lie thought a peerage with the management of the Hoofc bf Lords, and the feals of Secretary of State for the Southern Province, would be a proper ilation for me, if I approved of it. Perceiving me to be under much eonfufion at this unexpeAed offer» and at a lofs how to exprefs myfelf ; he flopped me, and then faid^ I now promife you on the word and honour of a Prince, that, as foon as I come to the Crown, 1 will give you a Peerage and the Sealj of the Southern Province. Upon my endeavouring to thank him, he repeated the fame words, and added (putting back his chair) and I give you leave to kifs my hand upon it, now, by way of accept- ance.'

This extrad from Lord Melcombe's Diary (hews the manner in which it is written, and it is alfo curious for the matter. It ibews how cafily the noble perfonage could break his engage- ments with one party, and enter into new ones with another; it (hews the Heir-apparent to the Crown proftituting hisdignfty, by promifing the reverfion of the Secretary(hip of State after his father's death to a perfon who had once dcfcrted hira. The ac- count of the Prince of Wales's funeral, dcfcribed by thofe whom his bounty fed, conveys no very high notions of the gratitude and afFedion of courtiers and politicians. After the Prince's death, Lord M. attaches hirafelf to the royal widow; whofe chara£ler, as may be colledled from thefe anecdotes, is that of a woman of good fenfe, and juft obfervation. She remarked to him, that the young people of quality, in her time, were (b ill educated, and fo vicious, that (he was afraid to have them near her children ; and that (he (hould be even more in fear for her daughters than for her fons, if they were private perfons ; for the behaviour of the women was indecent, low, and much againft their own tnterejl^ hy making themfclvcs fo very cheap!

Lord M. feems to have poiTeflTed much of the confidence of the Princefs, after the death of her hufband, and (he often talked with him, as well about her own affairs as about thofe of the Public. He foon, however, courted Mr. Pelham, in oppo- fition, to his royal miftrefs ; and after the death of that (latef- man, he turned himfelf over to the Duke of Newcaffle ; between whom and Lord M. a very curious converfation p^fTcs, which is told at large, in an Appendix to the Diary; — and which we fuppofe is a good fpecimen of many that have (ince taken place between the Minifber and his opponents.

While his Lord(hip is playing this very honourable part, his fpleeh breaks out againft his poor electors of Bridgewater in the following terms:

* I7S4* April 14th, 15th, i6th. Spent in tlie infamous and difi agreeable compliance with the low habits of venal wretches.*

Yet, at the commencement of the prefent reign, his Lord* (hipquits his friend the Duke of Newcaftle,. and goes over to hoxi Bute» The following pa(rage is a very extraordinary ou^x

B 2 'I'Si^^^^

'y^, Lord Melcombc*/ liiary.

•' Sept. 1. Mr. Pitt called on me, and acquainted me that he had (een the Miniflers, and that he was to fee the Duke of Ncwcs^ie at his own defire, at feven this evening. He began upon the fa bodies : that the Hefltan he knew of for 8000 men, as a warrant for the levee money was come to his office : that he would fupport ^ naval war to the utmoft, but, by no means, a continental one : the nation could not fupport both : it would carry us up to feven millions the firlt year, and would go on encreafing ; — 'twas bankruptcy. Regard ihould be had to Hanover, no doubt, but fecondarily : we fhould never l^y down our arms without procuring fatisfadion for any da- mage they fhould receive on our account ; but we could not find Jhoney^to defend it by fubfidies, and if we could, that was not the way to defend it. An open country was not to be defended againft a neighbour who had 150,000 men, and an enemy that had 150,000 more to back them. In fhort, he urged many ilrong, ingenious, and folid reafons, for making a Hand againft them and giving no fubii- dies at all : that the King's honour would be preffed, &c. and there- Tore, if the Duke of Newcaflle would be contented with this Heffian Aibfidy for this once only, and engage, ivith proper /ecun'ty, never to oflFer another during the whole courfe of the war, and receive it as a compliment to the King for this once, never to be renewed or attempted again, but to be looked upon as putting a final end to continental fubfidies ; then— though it would not be right, yet he might not abfolutely rejeft it, but might aflc other gentlemen's opi- nion about it : but for the Ruffian fubfidy of i zo,ooo/. per annum, and ^oOfOOO L per annum when he took the number of men into pay, which treaty he heard was figned, if not ratified, he could never come into it upon any account — 'twas better to fpeak plain, there was no end of thefe things : it was deceiving and ruining ourfelves, and leading Hanover into a fnare ; for if 70,000 men would not be fufficient, we muft take more, till they were fufficient, which would ruin us, or we muft give them up at laft, when we had drawn a war upon them : that the Duke of Newcaftle had made a perfon write to him (Pitt) to fay, that the Duke was forry that he was obliged to go into SufTex the next day, but that the Chancellor did not go to Wimple till Wednefday, and he fhould be obliged to Mr. Pitt, if he would call upon the Chancellor, which he did. The Chancellor tol4 him, that he hoped he would affift them cordially in their bufi- nefs ; that the King had, indeed, taken prejudices which were dif- agreeable, and that fteps had been taken to remove them, before he went to Hanover : that they had been the fubjeft of correfpondence £nce : that they had not all the fuccefs they could wifh, as yet^ but they hoped they would : that the King was very fond of Lord Hol- dernefs and Sir Thomas Robinfon ; but if any accident fhou}d hap* pen, it might probably be brought about, in cafe he would affift them cordially, that they might procure the feals for him, which he (o much defired. When the Chancellor had finifbed, Mr. Pitt re-* plied, that he mufl begin with his lafl words— the feals which he fo much defired — of whom ?--jie did not remember that he had ever applied to his Lordfhip for them : he was fure, he never had to the Duke of Newcaflle ; and did aiTure the Chancellor, that if they could prevail upon his Majefty to give them to him, under his prefent dif- •

like.

Lord Mclcombc'j Diary. 5

Hke, all the ufe he would make of them, would be to lay them at his Maj efty's feet : that, till the King liked it, and thought it ne* cefTary to his fervice, and till his Minillcrs deflred it, he never would accept the feals : that he knew, the King had lately faid, that he had intruded hirnfelf into ofHce : that the Chancellor knew how much he was mifinformed, and if he fhould a(k for any favour, it would be, that they fhoiild inform his Majefty belter : the Chancel- lor had faid a great deal, but he defired his Lordfhip to let him know, what he was expected to alTiil in, and what was the work } Why, replied the Chancellor, to carry 00 the war they were engaged in. He faid, there was no doubt of his concurrence in carrying oti the war, as it was a national war; and he thought that regard ought to be had to Hanover, if it Ihould be attacked upon our account— The Chancellor ftopt him fhort, and faid, he was extremely pleaHied that they agreed in their principles, and that both thought Hanover Jbmld he defended. Mr. Pitt defired his Lordfhip to obferve the words he had ufed, *' that regard was to be had to Hanover," and then faid all he had faid to me before, as to our inability to defend it, and the impropriety of the defence by fubfidy. The Chancellor faid, that he underflood that the Commons, the lad feflioft, had ta- citly allowed, that Hanover mud be defended : that, in confequence of that acquiefcence, there was a fubfidiary treaty for 8000 Heffianm' in the ufual form, and alfo a treaty for a body of Ruffians.

* But where Mr. Pitt laid the greateft ftrefs, was on what the Chancellor in reafoning had faid; to be fure ihoft things (meaning fubfidies) Jhould have their hounds \ and that, he was afraid, thgy 'would not be 'very popular ; and when he was enforcing the necefli^ of putting a total Hop to them, and leaving Hanover to the fyflein and conilitution of the empire, the Chancellor feemed to acquiefc* in the reafon, but told him, he mufl be fenfible, that talking in that manner would not make way with the King. Mr. Pitt ftill per- Med in not giving into the fubfidy, and the Chancellor defired him to fee the Duke of Newcaftle, and to talk it over with him. Mr. Pitt faid that, if the Duke fent to defire to fpeak with him, he would wait on his Grace, and not otherwife.'

Of court artifice5, this fedtion gives no bad account:

1760, Nov. 29. ' Lord Bute came to me by appointment^ and (laid a gneat while. I preHed him much to take the Secretary's office^ and provide o^herwife for Lord Holdemefie — he hefitated for fome time, and then faid, if that was the only diffic^lty, it could be ea- filv removed, for Lord Holderneffe was ready, at his defire, to quar- rel with his fellow-miniders (on account of the flights and ill ufac^e which he daily experienced), and go to the King, and throw up la feeming anger, add then he (Bute) might come in, without fi^em* ij)g to difplace any body. — I own the expedient did not pleafe me/

The Public are much obliged to the £ditor of thefe Memoirs^ who by his obfervations appears to be a man of virtue and good fenfe, for publifhing this Diary of a political man (as he is called) ; that is, of a man who a£i:s with or againjl government^ as may beft fuit his purpofe ; a niian (according to the excellent Qotto to the book) who does tout pour la trippiy and pays ^a-. lyucation to the welfare of hh country.

6 Richard fon'i Anecdotes of the Rujfan Empire^

The Memoirs arc very curious in tbemfelves, as they contain many particulars * that could only be known by perfons in the fituation of the nobleman who wrote them ; they are written in axlear, eafy ftyle, without ornament, and muft prove highly en- tertaining to thofe who are defirous of knowing fomething of the court intrigues of the period they defcribe.

* Among other topics, we here meet with feme very curious anec- dotes relative to the highly important queftion, then much agitated, concerning the education of his prefent Majefty.

Art. II. Anecdotes of the Ruffian Empire. In a Series of Letters, written a few Years ago, from St. Peterfburg. 8vo. 5s. boards. CadelL' 1784. •

OF late years, fo many literary and difcerning travellers, ei-. ther from motives of intereft or bufinefs, in order to pro- cure information, or to gratify a love of amufcmenr, have vifiled the different countries in all parts of the world, that the laws and' cuffoms of every nation i^re rendered familiar to us, by their defcriptions. We are perfedlly well acquainted with their climates and fituations : we are prefented with exa6l views of the modes of life, prafii fed by thofe who burn under the equator, or freeze in the polar regions j and we are enabled to contemplate the manners of the American favages, as well as of the polifhed Parifian.

The various advantages which have been derived from thefe communications, and from tfte acquaintance of one part of the globe with the inhabitants of the other, it is unneceflary to mention, as they have been frequently enumerated, and are too obvioUs to require repetition.

We muft remark, however, that thofe who have contributed to the diffemination of this knowledge (hould claim an high rank among authors of utility^ and not merely among thofe who con- tribute to our entertainment. In this lift mart be placed Mr. Richardfon, who derives many advantages from the form in which he prefents his remarks on Ruffia to the Public, as many views of familiar fcenes may be admitted into a letter with great propriety, which would, perhaps, feem beneath the dig-* nity of a formal narration, . Thefe Letters, our Author informs us in his Advertifement, are part of a correfponde^ce with his friends in this ifland, during 9,refidence of four years in Ruffia. They contain a relation of foch circumftances as ftruck him in the manners of the natives, and muft not, therefore, be confidered as forming a complete account of the Ruffian empire.

In ordtr to avoid tgotifms^ Mr. R. has frequently publifbed mtAy q(tra£b of thefe letters^ many of which have a place in

, . this

RichardfbnV Anecdotes of the Ruffian Empire. 7

this volume merely becaufe they were written in RuiSa, and fome of them on account of the enquiries which they contain, concerning fatSts, or events, which he had occafion to mention. He hopes, however, at the conclufion of his Adveriifcmenr, ^ that, in a publication in which a very clofe method is not propofed, the flight connexion between thote letters and the profcfled defign of the volume, wiU not be confidered as a great defea/

Thefe Letters are fixty-fix in number, and befides Anecdotes ^ of the RuJJian empire, they are interfperfed with imitations of feveral fables from the German of Leffing and Gellcrt, fome elegant copies of verfes, both original^ and tranflations, with agronomical remarks, and hiflorical narratives.

Amidft Aich a variety, we could wi(h to feled for the amufe* ment of oux Readers more than oiir limits will allow. The fol* lowing is the account which he gives of the falutations, quar* rels, and amufements of the Ruffian peafants :

• Two Ruffian peafants, meeting each other, take ofF their caps, bow mofl profoundly, (hake hands, wipe their beards, kifs one ano- ther, aiid, according to their different ages, call one another brother or father, or by fome appellation that cxprefles aiFedion* Both men and women in their falutations bow very low. I was much llruck with this circnmftance ; and foon found, that, in their obei- fance to the great, and in the woHhip of their faints, they were early trained to proftration and pliancy of body. Indeed, the fervile fub- miflion they teftify to their fuperiors, can only be equalled by the haughty ufage they meet with in return.

*• Two Ruffian peafants, if they fhould happen to quarrel, feldom proceed to blows ; but they deal abufe with great profufion ; and their abufive lauguage c'onfifls of the bafeft allufions, and the mofl fhocking obfcenity. This can fcarcely be exemplified in the man- ners of any other nation. If ever they come to blows, the conflift has a mofl ludicrous appearance ; they know nothing of the clenched lifl of an Englifhman ; but lay about them moft uncouthly with open hands and extended arms.

' I know no circuraftance by which the national charafter of any people may more eafily be detected, than their amufements. When, men divert themfelves, they are carele/s, unguarded, and unreferved i then the heart, and all its latent tendencies, difguifed' inclinations, and indulged habits, appear. Nor am I acquainted with any cir- cumftance by which national charaders are more diverfified. The Romans were a lefs refined people than the Greeks ; their amufe- ments accordingly were coarfer and more fanguinary. In like man- ner the diverfions of the French and Spaniards mark the difference of their national charadter. The paflime of the Spaniards, without doors, is fierce and bloody; nor is the Toros, or bull-fight, of which they are fo paffionately fond, the amufement of men only, but has its admirers alfo among the women. Hence Butler has faid of them,

B 4 . t:\a%

S RicbardfonV Anecdotes of the Ruffian Empire^

That Spanifh heroes, with their lances.

At onc€ wound bulls and ladies' fancies :

And he acquires the nobleft fpoufe

That widows greateft herds of cows. Chefs, and the other amufements to which a Spaniard has recourfe within doors, are certainly very grave and fdlemn. How different from the gaiety, fprightlinefs, good humour, and feeming levity of a Frenchman !

* The diverflons of an Englifhmag exhibit ftrength, agility, and the love of exertion. Thofe of a Ruffian exhibit floth, inadivity,

* and the love of pleafure. The Ruffians, in their amufements, are indeed extremely focial. They aflemble in crowds, iing, drink, fvving on fee-faws, are drawn up and down, and round about in fly- ing chairs fixed upon wheels, fome with a perpendicular, and foine with a horizontal motion. f^^

* In the winter feafon, they are pufhed down iceSKills and glif- fades. Thofe iccrhills are raifed upon the river, and are conftrufted of wooden frames. They are very high ; fo that you ^fcend Miy or fixty ileps on the fide behind what is properly called the gliifade. The fummit is flat, and enclofed with a rail, in order that thofe who indulge themfelves in this amufement, may have room to fland and fuiFer no inconvenience in the defcent. The fide by which they go down is fo iteep, a^ to be jufi not perpendicular. Upon this fnow having been piled, and water poured, it becomes a precipice of the fmoothefl ice. In defcending, you fit upon a fmall wooden feat made for the purpofe, and generally in the lap of a Ruffian, who fits behind to dired your courfe, having his legs extended on each fide of you. In this poflure you are pufhed down the hill, and flide with'fuch velocity, ^at for fome feconds you cannot breathe ; and after reaching the bottom, the impulfe you nave received carries you

'/br^vard fome hundred paces. There are commonly two of thefe VgiifTades ereded almofl, but not quite, oppofite to each other; and 0li fqch a dillan^e, as that you are carried along the ice from one %o another. Thus you may go down the one hill and up the other, alternately, as often as you pleafe. — Skating is not a commpn diver* /ion, becaufe the ice, where it is not fwept, is ufually covered with fnow. — The Ruffians are alfo fond of dancing ; yet their dancing does not difplay fo much nimblenefs, agility, and livelinefs, as it exprefTes the fame tainted imagination, which aflumes alefs feducing gnd more boiflerous form in their quarrels and ab^ufe,

« I believe I may reckon their bathing rather an amufement than a religious pradice. In every village, efpecially in thofe by the fide pf rivers, where they are generally built, there is a fleam-bath, conilrufted ufually of wood, to which all the inhabitants, both male and female, repair regularly once a week. The place is fo infuf- ferably hot, that. a peribn who is not accuftomed to it, cannot re* rnain in it above a few minutes. But thofe to whom it is not un- ufual, fit quietly for a long time on the heated bricks, without any covering whatfoever, excepting fome branches of birch, of which , however, they hardly make any other ufe than to fcryb themfe\ver.. After they have fat in this fituation, til! they have perfpired a^uB«» iiantly, they run out, and plunge ^cadiong into the river. They

are

Ricfaardfon'i Anuiatei of thi Ruffuin Emplrs^ 9

are excellent fwimroers ; bat indead of fwimming like frogs, as we do, they imitate rather the motion of dogs. I once fawone of thofe baths catch fire ; the weather was dry ; it blazed up in a moment^ and the whole bevy it contained, ran with the utmofl confternation into- the water, fcreaming and plunging, and looking back as if the/ thought the flames were purfuing them.

' You will perhaps imagine, that the praflice of ufing the bath» as defcribed above, contributes to the licentioufnefs of manners, fo remarkable in the lower claHes among the Ruflians. No doubt it does ; but fome other circumftances, formerly mentioned, have the fame tendency. The power poffcfTed by fuperiors of compelling their flaves to marry as they fhall diredl, if ever exerted, muft be completely deflrudlive of domeflic happinefs and fidelity. The prac- tice fo common among the nobles, of removing their (laves from one place to another, and of keeping them a long time feparated from their families, has alfo the fame efFedt. You will readily perceive that this muft be very much the cafe, when they are fent from the country villages, to earn their wages in Mofcow and St. Peter/burg^

* You will have remarked too, in the accounts I have given you, that the lower clafles here are very focial, and much addided to merriment.^ They are even infantine in their amufem'ents. Old, bearded boors divert themfelves with fuch paftime and gambols, at in our grave country we Ihould think too trifling for a child. The truth is, that, beyond the prefent moment, they have nothing either to think about, or care for; and, of confequence, they are perfeAly thoughtlefs and carelefs. In the country they live chiefly in villages ; when they come to the great towns, many of them, having no houfes of their own, pafs moft of their time, when they are not em- ployed in labour, in their cabecks *, where they^ drink, talk, and iing till they fall afleep; and on holidays they aflemble together in vacant places in or near the city, for their cullomary exercifes and amufements. Thofe two circuniftances, therefore, namely, their focial difpofitions, promoted in the manner now mentioned, and their total want of care or concern about the future, give them the appearance of having great fprightlinefs and good humour, and of poflefling no inconfiderable Ihare of enjoyment. Perfons of high rank, though their fituations muft occafion fome variety in the cir- cumftances that influence their manners, are fubje£t to the fame ef- feds, and exhibit a fimilar appearance. If you call fuch enjoyment happinefs, or fuch focial difpofitions virtuous, you may : I own I cannot agree with you. Ruflians of all ranks are moft ardent in their expreflions of friendftiip ; but I fufped the conftancy of their attachments is not equal to the fervency of their emotions. They have more fenfibility than iirmnefs ; they poflefs a temper and dif- poiitions, which, properly improved, and with the encouragements held forth by freedom, might render them a worthy, as, in fome cafes, they are an amiable, and, in many, an amufing people.

* Confiftently with this account, the Ruflians, though they have great quicknefs in learning the rudiments of art or knowledge, fel- dom make great proficiency. They foon arrive at a certain degree

• * Public -houfes.

10 krchardfonV Anecdotes of the Ruffian Empire.

of cxdellehce ; there thiey remain ; they tire ; become liftlefs ; en- tertain difguft ; and advance no further. In this particular, alfo, if they enjoyed the ihcitements afforded by a free government, their national charadler might improve, and they might be rendered ca- pable of more perfeverance. After the wifhes of novelty ceafe, men engaged in arduous purfuits muft/be carried on by a Heady regard to their own interefl and honour. Where their honour and intereft are not much concerned, how can they perfevere ?*

In the following letter, our Author takes a view of the do- meflic nnanners of people of rank in Ruflia, which will not, perhaps, be thought highly favourable :

* I cannot fay much for the tafte difplayed by perfons of high rank in Ru0ia, either in their drefs, houfes, or retinue. They are ponipous and tawdry. The equipage, of a Ruffian nobleman deferves particular notice. The great man lolls in a ciumfy gilt coach, drawn by ^x horfes, iometimes of different colours, and having the traces ©f hempen ropes inftead of leat er. The coachman and poftiliona are often in the coarfe drefs of the peafants, while three or four gor- geous footmen are fluck behind. One or two petty officers ride by ihe fide of the coach, and thefe are ufually attended by a peafant;, who is alfo on horfeback ; and thus princes and noblemen are dragged to court, They read plays and novels, and often fome

' French philofophy. They fometimcs write little comedies ; and fometimes reprefent them, both in the French and Ruflian languages. I was lately prefent at the reprefentation of ** Le Philofophe Mari,'* and ** Annette and Lubin," by fome noblemen and ladies of the highefl rank. They performed in the theatre in the Winter Palace, and the Emprefs feemed much amufed with the reprefentation.

* I mentioned to you formerly, that the inferior orders of men in t is country are in a ftate of abjedt flavery. Nor is it inconfiflent with this account to fay, that many perfons of high rank in Ruffia live on a footing of eafy familiarity with fuch of their menials as become favourites, . nd are capable of amufing them with their hu- mour and low wit. All domellic tyrants, from the days of the Greeks and Romans inclufively, treat thofe flaves who are not fa- vourites with the utmoft rigour, and thofe who are, with weak un- becoming indulgence. Perhaps in no other country in Europe could you obtain ajuller idea ' f the parafitical character, fo frequently difplayed by the comic and fatirical poets of antiquity. The para- iites here are in general Ffenchmen, whofe lively loquacity feems abfolutely nece/Tary for the amufement cf thofe great men, to whofe tables they have admiffion.*

He then quotes fome admirable lines from Dr. Johnfon's well- known imitation of the third fatire of Juvenal, in which the French par aftte 5 are defcribed, and thus proceeds :

* Befides parafites, many Ruffians of high rank retain dwarfs in their families, arid perfons not without flirewdnefs, who afFed folly, and amufe them in the charader of buffoons. They alfo retain a vafl number of other flaves, who are employed by them in all man- ner of neceffary or whimfical fervices. The Countefs W has

in her family feveral Calmuck women, who are taught to read Ger- man

RichardfonV Jmcdoies ofthi Rujftan Empln. it

man and^Rufs, who read by her bed-fide till fhe falls afleep ; and continue reading or talking, without intermi/Tton^ all the time (he is afleep ; for, if they did not, the Countefs would awake immedi« ately, not much, I fuppofe, to ^he fatisfadlion of the poor attend- j^nts.

* I need fcarcely tell you, that the Ruffians are very carelefs in the education of their children. They do not fend them to public fchools ; but have them taught at home under private tutors. The(e tutors are generally French or Germans, into whofe charader chey ^lake but little enquiry. If their children learn to dance ; and if they can read, fpeak, and write French, and have a little geogra- phy, they defire no more. I have feen one of thofe inftruftors, who has, in the courfe of his life, appeared in the different (hapes of a comedian, valet-de-chambre, and hair-dreffer.— Indeed 1 do not wonder at the condudl of the Ruffians in this refpeiSl. Why educate their children ? They are to live and die in thraldom ; they may be in glory to-day, and to-morrow fent to Siberia. Why ihould they train their offspring for any expectations beyond thofc of the prcfent moment ? The citizens of free dates aloi>e are inexcufable, if they do not improve their minds to the utmoft limits of their capacity. Why quicken the fenfibilities, or enlarge the mind of a flavc? Yott only teach him to hate himfelf. If, however, there was any proba- bility, that, by enlightening the minds of the Ruffians, they ihould not only be enabled to difcern the abafement of their condition, but alfo to tOntrive, and execute the means pf emancipation, I ihould heartily regret their prefent blindnefs,

* The military education of the Ruffian youth js condu6le4 very differently. They have an academy in the Wafiloftrow, where a vtry confiderable number, but none under twelve years old, are admitted. Here they live together ; and during the fumf mer fleep in an adjoining field under tents. They are formed into a regiment; and each of them, of what rank foever, whether Prince, Count, or Boyard, muft pafs through every condition, be- ginning with that of a common foldier, and fubmit to every kind of obedience. They perform their exercifes with great exaClnefs, and are inftrudled in mathematics. From this feminary excellent officers may be expeded. Like the Perfians, defcribed by Xenophon, they learn to obey before they are called to command.'

The account of the abdication of Vidior Amadeus, King of Sardinia, in the year 1730, is very entertaining and curious, but too long for us to tranfcribe.

The following may ferve as a fpecimcn of Mr. Richardfon's poetical abilities. The verfes are addrelfed to a lady, who had left Pcterfburg for England :

* LESBIA, return — I cannot fay

To flowery fields, and fcafons gay :

The Mufe, defponding, cannot fiiig

Of the fweet garniture of fpring ;

Of funny hills, and verdant vales.

And groves, and ilreams, and gentle gales f

Thefe, in more hofpitable climes,

Ma;|r run mellifluent in my rhymes ;

"Sot

ft 'PiTUf a Points

For Winter, hoary and fcvere,

Rnlcs an imperious defpot here.

In chains ^he headlong flood he bindS|

JJe rj^ej impe^McWs pp the winds ;

Before him awful forefls bend.

And tempefls in his train cbntend.

But what tho* wintry winds prevail.

And Boreas fends his rattling hail^ ^ Siberian fnows, and many a blaft.

Howling along the dreary walle.

From Samo'ida to the fhpres.

Where black with ftorms the Euxine roars ;

Thy blamelefs wit, thy polifji'd fenfe.

Can eafe apd gaiety difpenfe.

Come, then, enchanting Maid, and bring

The kindly influence of Spring ;

Come, with thy animating air.

And Nature's \yeary wafte repair.* The Letter on the puniQiment of crimes, which is the pro- diidton of a friend of our Author, and thofe on the comet, and on the feudal fyftem in Ruffia, are admirably written. Upon the who]e, indeed, the reputation which Mr. Richard fon has acquired by his poetical produ£lions *, and by his philo- Ibphical EiTays f on the characters of Shakfpeare, will receive confidcrable addition from thefe Anecdotes i in which the Reader will find much information^ inftrudtion, and amufement.

• Sec our Review, Vol. LI. p. 94, for Poems, chiefly rural.

f Review, Vol. LL p. ip. and pur Number for February laft,

•AitT. IIL Peru, a Poem. In Six Captos. By Helen Maria Wil- liams. 4to, 4s. fewed. Cadell. 1784.

T^ EVIEWERS may be confidered as a kind of circumnavi- XV gators on the ocean of letters. The perils they undergo, and the difficulties they muft contend with, are many and per- plexing. Frequently are they driven upon inhofpitable fiiores, where the natives are as malignant as the foil is barren. But as in moft purfuits of life a diverfity of fortune prevails, fo it is in theirs. Among the various regions tp which their voy- age of difcovery conduds them, though there are fome doomed to perpetual fterility, or involved in inipenptrable fogs, others are clothed in unfading beaqty and inexbauftible fertility. It is not to be wondered at, if, when arriving ^t regions like thefe, they are fometimes willing to ftay longer than the nature of their engagements may admit. Their conduct, however, is not without an excufe : the reft and refrefhment th^y thus occaHonally meet with enables them to bear up againft the morcific^tioD^ they muft encounter in lefs favourable cl;mes, and

to continue the Remainder of their voyage with fpirit and ala« crity. This confideration muft be their apology for tb^flay thejr intend making where they now are* Indeed^ the richnefs and beauty of the fcenery before them are too captivating to be pafied by inattentively even by the moft carelefs obferver. They are, in (hort, juft going to land in ** Peru," a newly difcovered country in the poetical hemifphere ; a country which, from the giimpfe they have had of it, promifes them every gratification. Their farther progrefs will, no doubt, confirm the ideas with which a firfl view has imprefTed them. But enough of allegory | let us now enter on the bufinefs of this article— The prefenc poem is a produdion of the fame elegant pen to which the Public is indebted for the Legendary Tale, entitled, Edwin and Eltruda *• The author, judicioufly confining herfelf to the leading and moft pathetic incidents in the hiftory of the fall of the Peruvian empire, has not attempted to give a full narrative of all the fn- terefting circumftances which lead to that memorable event.

The poem commences with a general defcription of tbecoun« try, and the charaAer of its inhabitants. After painting the external beauties of this favoured region, which, 4>erhaps, may boaft the prodigality of nature in preference to any other portion of the globe, the ingenious Author exhibits its moral portrait, previous to its invafion by the Spaniards, in colours at once glowing and jufl. The following intelledual groupe will coa* vey an idea of the fpirit and delicacy of her pencil :

* Nor lefs for thee, bled Region, favoured Clime; The Virtues rofc, uniullied, and fublime. There, tender Charity, with ardor warm. Spread her wide mantle o'er the Ihiv'ring form, Chear*d with the feftal Song her lib'ral toils, While in the lap of Age fhe pourM the fpoils. Simplicity in each low Vale was found. The meek Nymph fmil'd with Reeds and Rufhes crown'd 5 And Innocence in light, tranfparent Veil, Mild Vifitant ! the gentle Region bleft ; In her foft fmile beam'd love, and artlefs grace. And glow'd celeftial beauty in her face : Light as her fnowy vefture fweeps the ground Frefh flow'rets fpring, and fhed their odours round: As from her lip enchanting accents part. The fwcet tones thrill thro' each rcfponfivc heart. And o'er the vermeil lawns that bloom around Soft echoes waft each undulating found ; Wliile Poefy's bright Sun diffus'd its ray O'er the youngj^mpire's mild unfolding Day;

* See Rev. Vol. LXVU. p. 26. 4 Bade

Ij Piruj a Poiin,

Bade the warm Virtues grace her pi6lurM Scepe •^

And draft in Love's gay robe, their charms ferene^

The Seraph forms infpir'd AiFedlioju's flame,

While Admiration pour'd his loud acclaim.' In the fame expre/Sve ftyie has (he £ketched oUt the confe- quences that flowed from the plunder of Peru :.

* When borne from loft Peruvia's weeping Land

The guilty treafures beam'd on Europe's Strand,

As prefs'd her burden'd Plains the fordid Ore,

Each gentle Virtue fled the tainted Shore;

Sighing each mental Charm forfook the Place,

Each fweet Affeflion, and each moral Grace;

Affrighted Love forefaw the deepening gloom.

And wav'd in liquid air his downy plume ;

Chill'd by the fullen fcene he wings his flight.

While heaps of treafur'd Ore entomb Delight.' The firft appearance of Pizarro is in the fecond Canto, which concludes with the nrjurder of Ataliba, and Alzira's confequent madnefs. In the next, the fayagc fanaticifm of Valverde, a Spanifh pried, and the benevolence of the amiable Las Cafas, are admirably defcribed. The fourth Canto is occupied by AU wagro's expedition to Chili, and the events that took place at Cuzco during his abfence, in confcquencc of which he was compelled to return.

' Soon as Almagro heard the voice of Fame,

The triumphs of Peruvia loud proclaim,

Unconquer'd Chili's Vale he fwift forfakes,

Ahd his dark courfe to diftant Cuzco takes ;

Shuns Andes' icy Shower, its chilling Snows,

The arrowy Gale that on its fummit blows.

And roaming o'er a burning Defart, vaft.

Meets the fierce ardours of the fiery blaft:

Now, as along the fultry Wafte they move.

The keeneft pang of raging thirft they prove ;

ISo rofy Fruit its cooling juice diftiHs,

Nor flows one balmy drop. from cryftal Rills,

For Nature fickens in th' oppreffive beam.

That fhrinks the vernal Bud, and dries the Stream/

Then follow two lines inimitably fine :

* While Horror; as his giant Stature grows.

O'er the dread Void his fpreading Shadow throws.*

* At Cuzco, and in all the other towns of Peru, tragedies and comedies, were performed. The firft were leflbns of duty to the priefts, warriors, judges, and perfons ofdiftinflion, and reprefented to them models of public virtue; Comedies ferved for inftru£lion to perfons of inferior rank, and taught them the exercife of private virtues. Raynal'/ Uijiory oftbt European Settlements.

They

Peru^ a Poem. | j

They are additionally (Iriking from the a^^irable contraft that prcfently fucceeds, when, after having almoft totally abandoned' themfelves to defpair, the troops ltd on by Alphonfo are de- tached to an eminence from whence,

* They view a Valley, fed by fertile Springs Which Andes from his lofty fummit flings. Where Summer's blooms their mingled odours flicd. And glows a rofeate Waftc by Beauty fpread! To their charm'd gaze the fair enchanting fcene That 'mid the howling Defart fmil'd ferene. Appear'^ like Nature riimg from the breaft Of Chaos, in her infant graces drcft, When warbling Angels hail'd the lovely birth. And ftoop'd from Heav'n to blcfs the new-born Earth.* The fifth Canto is in a great meafure epifodical, though not indeed, unconneded with the principal fiory. It contains the loves of Zamor and Aciloe.

* In this fweet Scene, where Virtne^s radiance fhin*d^ Mild Zamor own'd the richeft gifts of mind ; For o'er his tuneful brcaft the heav'nly Mufe Shed, from her facred Springs, their richeft dews. She loves to breathe her hallow'd flame where Art Has never veil'd the foul, or warp'd the heart; Where Fancy glows with all her native fire. And Paflion lives on the exulting Lyre ! Nature, in Terror rob'd, or Beauty dreft, Couli thrill with dear enchantment Zamor*s breaft i He lov'd the languid iigh the Zephyr pours. He lov'd the weeping Rill that fed the flow'rs; But more the hollow found the wild Winds form When black upon the Billow hangs the Storm ! The rolling Torrent daftiing down the Steep, Its white foam trembling on the darken'd Deep — And of:' on Andes' height, with eager gaze He view'd the finking Sun's reflected rays Glow like unnumber'd Stars, that feem to reft Sublime, upon his ice-encircled breaft. — Oft his wild warblings charm'd the feftal hour, Rofe in the Vale, and languifh'd in the Bower ; The heart's refponfive tones he well could move, Whofe Song was Nature, and whofe theme was Love,

For now with paflion warm, his feeling breaflt The fair Aciloe's tender charms confell : Yet lovelier ftill her foul's foft graces fhine. And round his heart their mild endearments twlne^ Ah ftnjr ye rofeate Hours of young Delight !— . Linger ye Moments in your rapid flight — For fure if aught on Earth can blifs impart. Can flied the genuine joy that fooths the heartj 'Tis felt when early Paflion's pure controul Unfolds the iirft Aftedtions ot the Soul«

8

;j6 Perii^ a PoilH.

Bids her foft fyrilpathies the bofom mOvc,

And wakes the mild emotions dear to Lovtf* |

The gentle Tribe Aciloe*s Sireobey'd, Who Hill in wifdom, and in mercy fway'd. Far from his bread the radiant dreams were fled That o'er the Morn of Life enchantment fhed; Yet oft as iVicrn'ry's faithful touch renews Its varied fcene, in all her vivid hues. As rofe the piftur'd Landfcape on his Aght, 'Twas gilded o'er by Virtue's veftal light : On Paffion's Rofe, that fweeter fragrance ihed, Mild Innocence reclin'd her Lily head ; Clear fhone th' unruiHed Mirror in his bread. And Life was Joy ferene, and Death was Refl ! Th^' bright the early Spring's enchanting dawn. When firft her foft hues tinge th' empurpled Lawn, When fwcet as rofy grace, and fair as light. She f\\ ells *the p.mting heart with dear delight ; Yet not unlovely is the milder, ray That meekly beams o'er Autumn's temper'd Day, Dear to the penfive foul the moaning breeze ' ' That wanders mid the Grove, and bares the Trees, While foft the deepning Shadows roll, till light Sinks in the veil of Winter^s clofing Night.

Now the charm 'd Lovers deck their future Years In forms of Joy, then weep delicious tears— Ejcpreffive on the glowing cheek they hung. And fpoke the fine emotions whence they fprung — ^Twas Truth's warm energy. Love's fweet controul, 'Twas all that Virtue whifpers to the foul — When, lo I Iberia's ruthlefs Sons a'dvance. Roll the Hern eye, and ihake the beamy Lance.*

In the conflift which innmediately fucceeds, Alphonfo, who has the comnriand of the Spanifli troops, is vi^ioriaus. Aciloe bears that Zamor is fl<iin, and her father the Cazique, taken prifoner. Going to fupplicate his releafe, Alphonfo, fmitten with her beauty, conceives a violent paflion for her. * In vain th' enamour'd Youth efTay'd each art To calm her forrows, and to footh her heart ; While, in the range of thought, her tender breaft Could find no hope on which its griefs might reft. While her foft foul, whom Z amor's image fills. Shrinks from the Author of its preiling ills. At length, to madnefs ftung by iix'd difdain. The Viftor gives to Rage the fiery Rein ; And bids her forrows flow from that fond fource Where ftrong AfFeftion feels*their keeneft force, Whofe brealt, when moft it fuifers, only heeds The Ihafper pang by which another bleeds : For now his cruel Mandate doom'd her Sire, Strctch'd on the Bed of Torture, to cxpit—

Bound

Sound on tl^ Rack anoioy'd the Vi£dim lietf Stifling in Agony Weak Nature's fighs— • But, ah! what form of Language can impart The frantic grief that wrung Aci lob's heart. When to the height of hopelefs Sorrow wrought. The fainting Spirit feels a pang of thought Which never painted in the hues of (beech. Lives at the Soul, and mocks £xpremon's reach ! At length ihe trembling cried, " The conflid* s o*er— My heart—my breaking heart ! can bear no more — Yet fpare that hoary form— my Vows receive. And, oh I in mercy, bld'my Father live" — " Wilt thou be mine?" th' enamour'd Chief replies ; ** Yes, Crtfel ! fee— he dies, my Father dies ! Save, fave my Father*' — ** Dear, angelic Maid (Tiie charm'd Alphonso cried) be fwift obey'd : Unbind his chains — Ah ! calm each anxious pain, Aciloe's voice no more fhall plead in vain ; Plac'd near his child, the agea Sire (hall (hare Our joysi ftill cheri(h'd by thy tender care" — *' No more ((he cried) will fate that blifs allow ; Bei^re my lips (ball breathe the nuptial Vow Some faithful Guide (ball lead his aged feet To di^ant Scenes, that yield a fafe retreat. Where' ibme foft heart, lome gentle hand will (hed The drops of Comfort on his hoary head : My Zamor ! if thy Spirit trembles near. Pardon"— (he ceas'd— Earth drank her filent tear.

Now Night defcends, and deeps each weary breafty Save fad Aciloe's, in the balms of Reft, Her aged Father's beauteous Dwelling ftood Near the cool (helter of a waving Wood ; But now the Gales that bend its Foliage die. Soft on the filver'd Turf its Shadows lie. While, (lowly wand'ring o'er the Scene below. The gazbe Moon looked pale as (ilent Woe % The lacred Shade, amid' whofe fragrant Bowers Z AMOR, oft footh'd with Song the Evening hours, Poar'd to the Lunar Orb his magic Lay, More mild, more pen(ive than her quiv'ring ray : That Shade with trembling ftep the Mourner fought. And thus (he brfeath'd her tender, plaintive thought— *• Ah where, dear Objeft of thefe piercing pains. Where refts thy murder'd Form, thy lov'd Remains? On what fad fpot, my Z a mo a, flow'd the wound That pwpled with thy ftreamtng blood the ground?— Oh had AciLOE in that hour been nigh ! Had'ft thou but fix'd on me thy clo(iQg eye. Told with faint Voice, 'twas Death's worft pang to part. And dropt'd thy laft, cold tear upon my heart ; A milder pang would wade this (hiv'ring breaft. That in the Grave alone (hall feek its reft*- Riv. July, I7S4. C ^^^^

il^ Tiftff a Pcitt&

Soon as fomc friendly hand in mercy leadk My aged Sire to Chili's blooming Meads, Horror, and Death, fhall feal the nuptial tie t The heart you lov'd, that heart' is fix'd to dic**-H She ceas'd, when dimly thro* a flood of tears She fees her Zamoti's rbrm» his voice fhc hears—* ** 'Tis he ! (fhe cried) he moves upon, the Gale> His trembling figh is fad, his look is pale — I faint"— his arms receive her finking framr*-* He calls his Love by every tender name j He ftays her fleeting Spint: Life anew Warms her cold cheek — his tears her cheek bedew-* " Thy ZAMORlives I (he cried) as on the ground I fenfelefs lay, fome child of Pity bound My bleeding wounds, and bore me ^m the pUin^ But thou art loft, and I have liv'd in vain''^ — ^ •* Forgive, ((he cried in accents of defpair): Zamor forgive thy wion|;s, and oh! rorbeafr The look of mild reproach that fills thy eye, The tear that wets thy cheek— -I mean to die! To pour the lingering drops, that chillM by woe Scarce warm my (hiv'ring heart, and'ftintly flow«*«^ Could I behold my aged Sire endure The pains his wretched Ghild had pow^r to curc^' . Still ftretchM in death that hoary fptra I fett* His grey locks trembling as he gaz'd on rat-^ My Zamx)r, fisft!— breathe notfo loud a figbi— ^ Some liil'ning Foe may pitylcft deny This parting hour— hark! fore fome fliep I<hear^ Zamor again is loft— for now 'ds near'*:^ .. She paus'd, when fudden from the Aeltfrlng, Wbo* . A venerable form before them ft6od.*' . This form proves to be Las Cafas, who ac6oTtij)anifed Almagrt; for the benevolent purpofe of tempering his ferocity. His hav- ing fallen fick, and been left behind^ accounis for His accidental* s^pearance here. He undertake^ their caufe with Afphonfo ; • Before ALPHaKuq now the X'Oyers ftand,^, The aged Suff'rcr join'd the Qieiirnful Band r . While, with tke look that guardian Seraphs weai^ When fent to, calm the throbs of BM>rtal Care^ The ftory of t;heir woes La^ Casas told^ then cry'd,, " The wretched Zaiaor here, behold > Hop'ft thou, fond Man ! a pafiion to controol Fix'd in the breaft, and wovcq in the ibul I . Ah ! know, miftaken Youth, thy power in vaia Would bind thy Vi£liin in the noplial chain : That faithful heart will lend tji9 galling tie. That heart will break t^ that itMtf form wiU dieH% Then by each. &cred Name to Nature dear^ By her ftroag^ Shriek, her agoni;upg Tear, By eacn darjc Horror bleeding Paffion knowf, lU^ the wild 4^ce that ig^sM Yia fraatic wocsi^.

PiHh if PhUU If

^y aii the waiting pangs that rend her breaJlt. By the deep groan that gives her Spirit reH ; Let Mercy*s pleading Voice thy bofom move. And fear to bard the bonds of plighted Love.'' He paus'd — now Zamor's moan Alphonso hean. Now fees the cheek of Age bedew'd with tears— Palid, and motionlefs, Acilob flands, t^ix'd was her moarnfal eye, and clafp'd her hands : Her heart Was chill'd — her trembling heart, for there Hope flowly finks in cold and dark Defpair — ^i^PHONso's foul was rnovM — ** No more (he cried) My haplefs flame (hall hearts like yours divide : Live, tender Spirit ! foftAciLOR, live. And all the wrongs of mad'ning rage forgive. Go from this defolated Region far> Thefe Plains, where A v'rice fpreads the wade of War % Go, where pure Pleafures gild the gentle fcene. Go, where mild Virtue (beds her ray ferene."-— - In vain th' enraptar'd Maid would now impart The rifing Joy that fwells, that pains her heart ; Las Casas' feet in floods of tears flie fleeps. Looks on her Sire and fmiles, then turns and weeps-^* . Then fmiles again — while her flufli'd cheek reveals The mingled' tumult of delight flie feels : ' So fall the chryflal Showers of fragrant Spring, And o'er the pure, clear Sky foft Shadows flingi Then paint the drooping Clouds from which chey flow# With the warm colours of the lucid Bow. Now, o'er the barren Defart Zamor leads AciLOE and her Sire to Chili's Meads z There many a wand'ring wretch, condemned to roani By hard Oppreffion, found a flielt'ring home : Zamor to Pity tun'd the vocal Shell, Bright'ning the tear of Anguifti as it fell. Did e'er the human bofom thrpb with pain Th' enchanting Mufe has fought to footh in vain i She, who can ftiU with Harmony its frghs. And wake the found at which Afllidtion dies I Can bid ihe ftormy Paflions backward roll. And o'er their low-hung Tempefts lift the foul | With magic todch paint Nature's various Scene, Dark on the Mountain, in the Vale ferene ; Can tinge the breathing Rofe with brighter blooo^ Or hang the fombrous Rock in deeper gloom ; Explore the Gem whofe pure, refleded ray Throws o'er the central Cave a paler Day ; Or ibaring view the' Comet's fiery frame Unfh o'er the iky, and fold the fphere in flame | While tlie charm'd Spirit as her accents moyOt la wrapt in Wonder, or difiblv'd in Love. To add anv camniendatioiis of this mafterly poeOy fl/ter thi libejral €xtrM5 that bavc been given of. it^ iioul4 U ^s^suvts^^

C 2t *M^^

.* fary. If thcrtf* be atiy thing to which we S^ouU objtft (anJ what is there that has nothing to be objeAed to ?) it is the foil- loquy of Alzka, who is driven to difira£tion by the murder of her hufbajdd Ataliba. The Poetefs has, we think, extended it to too great a length ; had it been more comprefled, its eSeSt might poffibly have been more forcible. In the ftrudure of her verfe weobferve (he frequently introduces the Trochaic:

But more the hollow found the 'wiid winds form.

Its 'whiufoam trembling on the darkened deep.

Occafionally introduced, it is not without its beauty : a too Ii« beral ufe of it is all we would have guarded againft.

Art. IVr Hortus Vpunenfis ; or, A Catalogue of Stove and Green- houfe Plants, in Dr. Fot he rg ill's Garden at Upton, at the Time of his Deceafe, Anno 1781. 8vO. is. 6d. Diily. 1784-

THIS publication contains a lilt of the Stove and Green* houfe Plants, (many znd rare f ) which were in Dr. Fo- thergill's coUedlion, at the time of his death. — A period over which Hygeia, and the Sciences mourned !

So rich a Catalogue marks the liberality, perfeverance, and attention of the po&flbr. We would wifli to hold it out to our nobility and gentry, as zjlimulus to far more rational mode» of employment and expeiKe, than any which borfe-racing, or the whole round' of debauchery, can poffibly fupply. What a pity is it, that they who have every other requifite neceffary to promote the fciences, viz. Wealth and Domain^ &c. (hpuld fo generally want the primum mobile^ inclination f Yet fo ic frequently happens, that they who can enter into the fplendid portals of learning, will not, and thoie who wmld^ through poverty, or various inability from want of leifuie or opportu- nity, canrp^t*

■ Lioq S* STiXusro P^Xu.

.This Catalogtie is not a mere nomenclator, as botanical cata- logues ufually are, but it has advantages over others of its kind^ from the * Indian names being added at the bottom of each page, as alfo from a few curious notes, which announce late difcoveries both of plants themfelves, before either not known, or not fu^ciently diferimiiuited, and their oeconomical ufes.

♦ This is a vety ufeful addition ; for the natives of every coun^ try beil know the habitats of the indigenous plants and prodndlions. To name the(cr to them in their own language, will be a very ready means of procuring them, particularly thofe whofe powers have made them worthy of any note, and frequently perhaps thofe alfo of in- ftrior worth. For this reafon we wifii that ftiU more of thefe names eoold have been procured.

Bttt

DalrjrmpIeV TaHlcsi %t

fiat what makes it Hill more val^iable, is a preface, by Dr. Lectfom, of twdve pages ; containing direAions to fuch as are eag3ged in purfuics of this kind, how they may beft procure feeds t and plants from diffant countries. The former are mod effeduall/ preferved by the contrivances of packages, which inay exclude the outward air, fuch as waxed papers, or waxed cloths, which are afterwards put up in bottles or boxes ; car^ jbeing taken, by means of fait and Jaltpetre^ zni fal ammoniaciim^ })eiiig ftrewed between the packages, to keep them perfediy <cool. The roots are brought in boxes, for which we muft re- fer the reader to the work itlelf, where he will find very mi* xiute dire6tions, together with a plate reprefenting the boxea which are beft calculated for thepurpofe, in their feveral forms. For obvious reafons, it is to be wi(hed, that this little traft may find its way into the hands of Captains of fhips, or tra.veU lers, to either India, who have fo many and fuch golden oppor- tunities of gratifying the ardour of thofe praife-worthy perfons. who ^ireS their labours to the amufement and Jtrvici of manp

t The late ingenious Mr. Ellis's Treatife upon this fubjed will readily occur to the reader's memory, upon the bare mention of thp idea.— An account of it will be found in the XLIIjd. Vol. of ouf Review, p. 2ij.

Art. V. Tastes. By Lieutenant Colonel Dalrymple of the Queen^s Royal Regiment of Foot. 8vo. ^%. in boards. Faden*.

THIS little treatife, which is the work of a gentleman of approved military abilities, is compofed partly from his own obfervations, the rfifult of long experience, and partly fer leded from the beft military writers. It was drawn up with the laudable intent of promoting an uniformity in the field dif« cipline of the Britifh regiments, which, as he juftly obferves^ from the diffimilarity in their exercife and manoeuvres, feeoi like troops of different ftates^ Thefe regulations are foleiy cal- culated for the infantry.

Colonel D. commences with a propofal for an eftablifhment where there ihould be a perfeA proportion between the ranks and files of our battalions; and where an invariable connexion Ihould prevail between the corps wKich conftitute an ^rmy; that, independent of the inevitable diminution of men in the courfe of a campaign, the fame harmony (hould fubfift among (be remaining bodies. Under this idea, he propofes the follow- iBg arrangement, which, he fays, appears to him more perfe£^ than any he has hitherto met with :

y I III ■ ' -■ — ■ y

♦ This Article has been long delayed, by accident.

C 3 ^ A;\ifi^%A^^

tt Dalrymplc'i Taaics^

' . * A brigade to confift of 3 regiments, a regiment of 3 batti* Jionsy a battalion of 3 coqipanies, a company of 3 fquads, § /quad of 3 xneffesy a mefs of 3 files» and a file of 3 men, ^ach divifion divided into 3 parts ; right, left, and center. Each file divided into front, center, and rear. ^Every divilion to have it9 commander, and each man his aiGgned place in the battalion.'

For forming his corps three deep, he gives the followiog reafon :

* In America, it has been the praftice to adopt the formation of two deep : but as troops may be employed in different countries and situations, we would haye an eftablifhnient calculated accordingly | whenever the depth of our battalions is reduced, the extent mnftibe increafed, and the column of march being lengthened confiderably* the movement of great bodies becomes more difficult ; befides, in an open country, the fire of three ranks mui} give a nianifell fuperi« prity over the feeble efforts of two ranks.'

Here the Colonel takes for granted a matter which is con« ' troverted by many officers of experience, /. /. that great fupe-« riority of fire is obtained by a third rank ; whereas, efpecially vhen formed in the ufual manner, with the tailed men in th<$ front, it has been generally conceived, that mod of the fire of the rear rank is ineffedual *. But to refume his arrangement. It being neceffary, fays he, to bring the brigade complete into the field, to preferve an uniformity of aSidfi,' there fhould be a a number of fupernumerary men, who arc to le clothed and trimmed like the reft of the foldiery ; and who are ditlcdfidrratty to fill up the vacancies, as they may happen ; in the meaa tinie are to be employed as workmen, bat- men, iic, &c.

We muft here beg leave to obferve, that if, from this arrange* tnent, or combination, any particular number of men be ne- ireiTary to procure an uniformity of ad^on, it feems to prove it deficient in the very property or advantage for which it is faid tto be calculated, /• e. the preserving a con-ftant harmony of pro* portion between the whole body and its parts, however re- duced ', beAde, if the regiment is moderately complete, there Vf'ill be a much greater number of fupernumeraries than can with propriety be employed as bat-m^n, or than ought to be ab^ fent from conAant field exercjfe.

* A'mefs (continues the Colonel) to confift of j corporal, or bead of mefs, 9 foldiers, and 3 fupernumeraries. A fquad, of

* Col. Dalrymple, in a note, fays. It were better that the ihort- ffl man be placed in the front, as he has more command ovef his firelock iii fuch pofition, than that now in pradlice. This is 'done in feveral regiments in the following manner: On the word. Ranis', /f

jmtr firing Order, The regiment faces to the right. March', The 'men of the front rank fpring fideways through the interval, imme* (diately behind them, into the rear, dreiGng to the left. At the woc4 Xo the left Face.g the whole conie to their fpriner from.

jPalrjnnpIe^/ Tariff* %$

jr lieutenatit, or head of fquad, i drummer^, and 3 mefles. A ^mpany, of 1 captain^ 1 pay ferjeant, i drill ferjeant, i quar- ^r-mafter ferjeant, i armourer, and 3 fquads. A battalion, of I commandant, i furgeon'^s mate, i colour bearer, i ferjeant «iajor, and 3 companies. A regiment to confift of i colone), 3 Commandants, 9 captains, 27 lieutenants, or heads of fquads, ^ pay ferjeants, 9 drill Serjeants, 9 quarter- mafter ferjeants, 8f <:orporals or heads of mefles, 27 horns, trumpeters, or drum- mers, 729 foldiers, 243 fupernumeraries, i major, 1 adjutant, I quarter^mafter, i pay-mafler, i furgeon, i engineer, 3 colour .^arers, 34'urgeon'^s mates, 3 fergeant majors, 1 trumpet major, .^nd 9- armourers. Total of a regiment, 1172 men. Thrcfe regiments, 3516 men. For the brigade ftafF, 1 general of bri- gade, I -adjutant of brigade, i aid-de-camp, i quarter-mafter ^f brigade, i 4iiajor of brigade, i chaplain, i chief engineer, and I proyoft. The whole brigade, ftafF and other officers in- cluded, will xonfift of 3524 men. From this arrangement, tha proportion 0f non-commiffion officers to the private men is ^greater, and that of the fubalterns lefs, than is allowed in our lprefeot«ftabli(|tunent: by the firft the.fervice would be benefited ^ 4)ut.in'tbe courfe of an aAive campaign, the diminution of the 4atter might ^perhaps be foand inf:j>nvenient, the duty commonly ^running irery hard on the fubaltern officers.'

Inftead of the ordinary mode of doing duty by detachments "from dciFereat corps, our Author recommends that all duties jfhould be done by mefies, fiquads, companies, and battalions, whereby the men would be Supported by their comrades, and Immediately under the cogimand and obfervation of their re«- fpeSive officers, acquainted with their difpofltions, and with whom it would be material to them to keep a fair charader ; whereas the good or bad opinion of officers of another corps, whom thc^y may perhaps never fee again, will be efteemed, by many, of very little confequence. Some few objedions may be urged againft this method ; but none, in our opinion, fi^fficient to counterbalance the benefits that would accrue Irom it.

To lender this eflablifhment more perfeA, it is propofed to attach a body of light horfe to each regiment, greater or fmaller, i^ccording to the nature of the country in which they are to aft. *

In difcuffing the appointment of light infantry and grenadier companies, our Author does not feem an advocate for either. Of the firft he obferves, < that as we are not like the Romans,

* * A drum is a ndoft wretched inflrumcnt, the firft Aower of nin renders it ^ifclefsi the bugie horn, or trumpetj has greatly the frcfereace.' ^ .

C 4 «tvi^\iv&i«x^^

^4 DdkympWs T^Sfica

encumbered with armour, or armed with difiercnt weapons, ther^ fore the diHindlion of heavy and light-armed infantry cannot Itid made amongft us. We have no other weapons for offence or defence,* thaa the firelock and bayonet ; and from their powers they fhould be ufed alike by all. A light infantry man can be only a markf- ' man ; every foldier, thus armed, ought to be t]ie fa^e. As to drefs* if a man can march better, and is more at his eafe in a jacket than ft coat, why fhould he be encumbered with the latter ; if a cap be ^ore ufeful than a hat, why fhould not every man wear one ! The inoft convenient mode of carrying ammunition is fully as requifite for one man as another: in fhort, our whole infantry, if properly clothed and difciplined, ought to be equally ufeful in every Situa- tion. A foot foldier fhould be trained for the fervice of a plain, a y^ood, ^r a mountain, either feparately or conjointly; were that once the cafe, we fhould find little occafion for an appointmen^, which is at leaft unneceffary.' ' Grenadiers,' he fays, * are a conftaiit drain of the talleft and moft ufeful men, and when formed fpr fcis- vice, being feparated from their own corps, and placed under a^i accidental commander, who is totally unacquainted with either of- ficers or men, are fubjefl, both themfelves and the regiments from which they are detached, to numberlefs inconveniences.

* A corps d^elite may be nece/Fary with an army; but it fhould be • formed under diilindl commanders, who have been accuflomed to its fixed and eftabliflied government the men fhould be chofen confpi- cuous for their conduct and behaviour, without reference to fize, and recruited from the army at large : each regiment might be obliged to fend annually a proportion, of mei;i of this deftription to com- plete it.*

Armed as the light infantry are a^ pfefent, much may be fai^ both for and againft his obfervations on that appointment ; but in the article of the grenadiers, particularly v^ith refpeft to fome of the inconveniences pointed out, his dedu£lions are draw^ from rather a partial ftate of the fa£is. The grenadiers are, it \s true, detached from their regiment, but it is with and under the Cfdmmand of the officers of their own company ; they are be- fides always formed into battalions, commanded by field officeic$ appointed for that duty, who are feldom or never changed djiring the campaign : a very few days fervice produces a fzr iniliarity between the bSicers an^ men of the di^erent corps, affimilatmg and uniting them into one body.

The cldihing of a foldier next comes under his coniideration. This he propofes to regulate by the principle of the moft healthful defence againft the weather, at the fame time to per- mit a free ufe of the body and limbs. After examining and /reprobating npany of the ufuai appointments, he determines i(i favour of a light round hat, a jacket fomewfaat like thofe worn by our light infantry, alight cloak, woollen fpatterdaOies, and on fervice thin flannel waiftcoats, inftead of Ihirts. Reviewinfl; the arms and accoutrements, he approves of the miufkit and bayenct, in which he propofes fope alterations, as alfo in the ' ' ' ' ' ' ' conftrudioa

DalrympIeV TaffUsm 55

Conftru£tion of the pouch ; the efpontoons and halberts,, carried )>y the officers and ferjeant?, he would^ exchange for fufili aiyl bayonecs, giving each oflEicer and ferjeant a fmall pouch con« taining at lead twelve cartridges, to be ufed only on particular emergencies. The caliber of the fufil to be the fame with the .firelocks of the men. The colonel, commandants, majors, ad* jutants, colour bearers, quarter-mafters, ferjeant and drum ma* jors, and -drummers, he arms with the (word only. The clothing and appointments of the officers, he would have fimiliir to thofe of the men ; their rank to be notified by fome diflin- guifhing oiark.

Having clothed and armed his foldier, he proceeds to train- ing ; in doing which, he very properly recommends gentlenefs and attention ; the contrary often tending to caufe, in a recruit, an infuperable difguft to his aew profeffion. He then enters on |he operations of the drill, for which the Reader is referred to the work itfeif.

We cannot help remarking, that the pofition in which he* places his recruit, while (landing under arms, that is with his heels clofe together, feems of all poflible pofitions the moft un- natural, and the leaft (lable, and may not unaptly be compared ' to balancing a pyramid on its apex. It may be urged that fol- dier^ arp by ufe enabled to (land (leadily in tha( podure;— fo tumblers acquire the power of ftandlog on their heads ; but it does not therefore follow, that it is either the moil convenient or (leady manner of (landing. In juflice to the Colonel it is ne- cefTary to obferve, that he is neither the inventor, nor fole ap« prover of this attitude, it being the mode diredled in the regu- lations for our prefent exercife.

The inftruftions for regulating the (laps in marching are ju- dicious, and have been pradifed with fuccefs by many of the ^eft difciplined regiments. In the article of handling the (ire* lock, the Colonel is too good a foldier to encumber his fydem with a long manual exercife; his motions are few, fimple, and chiefly confined to the moft efTential ogprations of the firelock and bayonet, loading, firing, and charging. His men are not taught tQ come down as froqt rank, a method now almoft uni- verfally explpded ^ nor was the authority of Marfhal Saxe's opi- nion, which he has quoted in a note, at ail neceflTary to jufiify that omidion, to any but mere parade officers; his advice to j)ra£life recruits in firing at the target cannot be enough at- tended to, though it (bould be more with a view to make them goo4 inarkfmen, than that oiF acquiring a celerity in loading and firing.

Qn Points of Vie\y, for direding bodies on a march, here fre fome exce]lept rules and obfervations. In this very e(rential point of difciplirie, moft of the £ngli& regiments are extremely deficient ; many old officers have fcarce ever heard o^ 1\\^ Mt1^% jind more zre unacf^usLintcd ytith the theory andvU vji^VvcixSati

to praflice. It is from this caufe that few regiments march we? in line, and that a brigade can hardly move an hundred yard9^ without fluduatingor breaking.

As Points of View are nece^ary to guide the march of a body of men, fo are Points of Alignment to direA it in forming. An attention to both cannot be too much inculcated. The Reader will find ?chefe fubjeds accurately explained and illuftrated botk by words and a diagram. Our neighbours the French are cx^ tremely particular in acquiring and pradifing tbefe indifpenfiblc articles of the TaSic fcience.

On the article of Wheeling, out Author ftews the difiiculty of performing it uniformly in line, by a body of even a mode^ fate extent; and therefore he recommends wheeling by files, by the pivot man facing to the front required, the center and rear vtnen immediately covering him, the whole body then to follow ^filc by file from the ;pivot outwards^ dreffing with the pivot file; a method infinitely preferable to the former^ and now pretty generally adopted.

Diredions are given for drawing up com|)anies in difFerent orders, and for difFerent occafions; as adfo for the forming a regiment in order of battle. Thefe will be beft underfiood by 'inrpe<£ling the explanatory plates.

Treating of the March, the Colonel fays, * It muft be confi- ^red as the firft fpring of military mechanifm ; by it an army i« Enabled to move from one point to another, and change its po- •fition with facility. It may be divided into the march of route, and march of man<suvre. The march of route, at the rate of an hundred paces in a minute, isfomewhat more than three miles in an hour; that of manceuvre, at an hundred and twentj in a minute, gives upwards of three miles and five furlongs ia the fame time.'

The Manteuvrts next follow, wherein are treated the Form- ' ing. Marching, and Reducing difitrent columns, under a va- riety of circumftances ; the explanations of thefe movements jrefer to a fet of plans annexed. Marching in line ; Pafiing a de- file; Obfervations on the attack of infantry; The defence of infantry againft cavalry; The principles of central motions, with forae other important articles, are difcuiTed in an accurate and inftru£live manner : but as in many inftances they refer to the figures, they cannot be here intelligibly abridged.

Some general rules for the movement of fecond lines, clofe this ingenious performance ; a careful perufal of which is ftre- nuoufly recommended to every young officer, defirous of attain* ^ ing the knowledge of his profeffion. We would not be under« fiood to confine this recommendation to young officers only, as the moft experienced will here find a variety of obfervations worthy of their attention. AlA Manii^ tranilatioh of Ziaizfro}HTa£cL^%\tk o^ i^^xU

t »f 3

|Irt. VI. Thrii Poem : I. Siddons, a Poem. H, A poedcal Bp!fU« . to Sir Aftiton Lever. III. An Elegy on the Death of a Young Officer ^f the Army. By Perdval Stockdale. 410. is. 6d. Flexaey. 1784.

TH E traveller, who is condemned |o pars over rocky moiui* Uins, and dreary waftes^ when he meets .with a green tree^ ilops and gazes jit it with tranfport. Such are the feelinga of a jKeviewer, when a poetical production prefents itfelf, in which he can trace any marks of genius and imagination. His mind ia then relieved, and he forgets the tra(h through which he haa toiled.

Such were our feelings in perufing thefe three poems, whidi are the produ£tton of an author, in whofe writings we have generally found poetic fire, and macks of a vigorous mind^ though we have almoft as frequently felt ourfelvea inclined cq cenfure his ftrong tendency to fattre. The pieces now before us are more than ufuallv inoderate, though. not wholly free from attacks, which we muft condemn.

In the firft poem, the cfaarader of Mrs. Siddons, as an ac« Irefs, is drawn with judgment, and the defcriptive powers of the poet appear to great advantage :

* Siddons ! bright fubjefl for a poet's .pi^ ! Born to augment the glory pf the Itage I

Our foul of tragedy reftor'd I fee ; A Garnck's genius is renew'd in thee. To give our nature all its. glorious course ; With moral beauty, with refiillefs force. To call forth all the paiSons of the mind. The good, the brave, the vengeful, the refin'd % The Seh, the thrill, the ilart, the angel's tear ; Thy luibella is our Garrick's Lear.

* 'Tis not the beauties of thy form alone. Thy graceful motion, thy impaffion'd tone ; Thy charming attitudes, thy magic paufe. That fpeaks the eloquence of nature's laws r Not thefe have giv'n thee high theatric fame, Nor-fir'd the mufe to celebrate thy name.

* When Thompson'/ Epitbits^ to*nature true. Recall her brighteft glories to my view ; Whenever his mind-illumin'd afpefi brings The look that speaks unuttbrabli things ; In fancy, then, thy image I (hall fee ; Then, heav'nly artift, I ili^l think on thee ! Whatever paffion animates thine eye ; Thence, whether pity fteals, or. terrors fly 5

^ Or Heav'n commands, ta kx a yttit benign.

With pow'r miraculous, thy face to (Kiivc •, * Whatever feeling 'tis thy aim to move, fjear, vengeance, Aate, benevolence, or loye •. ,

jtS StockdalfV Pvems.

Still do thy looks ufurp divine controul,

j^nd on their objedls rivet all the foul :

Thy lightning far outftrips the poet's race ;

Ev'n Otway's numbers yield to Siddons* fac6.* The fecond poem is likewife in the ftrain of panegyric, and tbe praifes are as well merited by Sir Afliton Lever, as thofe in the former poem are by Mrs. Siddons. The poet recommends the Hobfihttficon to the patronage of the fair fex ; and we confefs w# fliould be happy to bear, that Sir Afhton were rewarded amply for the tafte and labour, expencc and liberal, fpirit with which h« has formed fo noble a mufeum.

The third poem, on the death of a Young Officer, is, perhaps^ the beft, and moft highly finiflied. The genius of the poet feems to have been animated by the afFedion of the friend. After praifing the virtues of this youth, and lamenting his lofs, he thu^ proceeds :

. ' And let not the fevere, ye martial train, »

. . Tell me my grief is weak, and flows in vain I

Oh ! let the Ihort-liv'd joys, and hopes of youth, ^

Jmprefs you, ever, with important truth !

Since life is fhort, with virtue fill the fpan ;

The habits of the youth decide the man. *

The good from fate theii* deathlefs graces favc.

And are mature, though minors, for the grave, * And oft to pleafure's gay, luxuriant bow'r.

Contrail the dark, irrevocable hour ; .

Which, haply, gives you, long, the golden light^

Or adds it*s gloom to the returning night.

For not alone, on Mars's purple field.

The fons of war their gen'rous fpirits yield ; '. Death flill attends us, on whatever ground ;

Lurks in our frame, and hovers all around ;

Oft, even the light elaftic fpring of life.

With life's duration is at fatal ftrife :

We draw our difTolution with our breath ;

Our vital air impregnated with death ;

And thus as furely by an atom fall.

As by the Culverin's deftruftive ball.* From thefc fpecimens, our Readers may judge of the merits of the prefeht poems, which convince us, that if Mr. Stockdale would courageoufly and firmly refolve to banifh fatire and in- ve£live fcpm his writings, his works would be more univerfally read, and he would have lefs caufe to complaii\ of

* The patron's coldnefs, and the critic's g^ll *.'

* Siddons, Y^rfe 2.

I 19' I

Art. VIL Commentann and EJays : publiflicd by the Socieey for promoting the Knowledge of the iScnptures. Namber I. (To be continued occafionally). Contents. I. An Attempt to iliufbate John xiv. I, 2, 3. n. A new Tranflation of Ifaiah, Hi. 13.—

' liii. 12, with Notes. III. The lUoftration of Chrift's laft Dif- conrfe with his Difciples continued, John xiv. 4 — (3. gvo. is.

* Johnfon. 17^^*

TH £ plan which has given birth to this pamphlet, havings for its obje£t the improvement of religious knowledge, merits particular attention. It appears, from the prefixed fketch of this plan, that the Society by which it is to be executed, un« dertakes to publifh fuch original papers, explanatory of the Scrip- tures, or in vindication of the right of private judgment, as fhalL be communicated and approved ; and alfo to reprint fuch trads upon thefe fubjedsas fliall be thought worthy of renewed atten« tion. The particular advantage which the Society expeds to ob- tain from the mifcellaneous mode of publication which they have adopted, is thus explained in the introdudion :

' It has been too much the pradice of thofe members of the Chrif- kan cborch, to whom the office of inflru£Uon has been delegated, to dired the 'attention of mankind to certain tenets of religion, which, the authority of former ages, rather than the decifions of their un- l^ialTed judgment, had taught them' to reiped as fundamental —to commence their own refearches with an ailumption of their truth — and to employ their learned labours in what proved, very frequently, a vain attempt to eflablifh their conformity to holy writ.

* Such was the procefs of antient philofophy in its unfuccefsful ef* fbrts to unfold the laws of tlie viiible creation— ^to explain the works of God.

* A theory, or an hypothefis, framed by human fancy, anticipated, what ought to have been the refult of a laborious inveiUgacion into faa.

' But when, afcending with fteady ftep from each well eftablifhed ebfervation, human induftry reverfed the former procefs, and the conclufion flowed from experiment as its only proper fource, truth (iifclofed itfelf to the enraptured underftanding in its genuine fim- plicity ; and the laws and ordinances ftood revealed, which the* great Creator had impofed upon the larger mafles of material being, when he donftrufted the ftupendous fabric of the world,

* Let fimilar wifdom direft our movements, and iimilar fuccefs maV be expeded, when, with that humility and patient attention, which ihould ever accompany fuch refearches, our labours are employed ia the inveiligation of religious truths

* The word of God, revealed in the Scriptures of both Tefla- ments, like the book of nature, lies open to us all — like the laws of nature, the dodrines of revelation may be conceived to be at once both fimple and fublime — fufficient to affed the improved mind with wonder and delight 5 yet fuch as the moil unlettered underftajfiding aiay apprehend with facility, when the cloud of humaa {re^vid\ce<&«

ga* CmmeHkirtH and Effayf*

which has (o long obfcufed the heavenly light of truths ihall t)6 td« tsdly withdrawn.

* The Society prefumes, that it will affift in the removal of thefe prejudices, and at the fame time tend to inform the mind of the true believer with jufi: and proper fentiments.of the benevolence of thef great Creator, exhibited in the gofpd,. that laft beft gift of God to ' man, if the friends to religious inquiry be invited fedulouily to.purfae^ what may not unaptly be termed, the analytic mode of enquiry into the genuine dodrines of the Scriptures.

' Indead of afTuPiing a pofition, and attempting a demonftration of its truth, by authorities from Scripture, which bears a refemblance to the Jyntbetic method in philofophy, they would propofe to invert! the procefs, by previoufly eflablilhing the genuine fenfe of thoie authorities, which may have been brought in evidence of the doc* trine propofed.'

The defign here propofed, of iaveftigating Scripture dodrinCp in die fame manner in which we inveftigate the principles o£ natural knowledge, is certainly the moft rational that can be adopted. But in the execution of it one material difficulty muft occur ; that it is fcarcely poffible to find a Scripture critic fo perfe£^ly difengaged from the influence of fyftem^ a« the fuccefs of the plan feems to require. Even in philofophical refeardiea^ jt h not always eafy fo completely to dived ourfelveS' of all at- tachment to received fyftems, or to upftart hypothefes, as to make experiments accurately, and relate them faithfully. lit fettling the fenfe of doubtful pafTages in the Greek and Roinait claffics, it is well known tbat critics have not always preferved tf ialm and compofed temper. It is therefore fcarcely confifte^it with the experienced imbecillity of the human mind, to expe£k that, in profecuting theological inquiries, men will preferve tbem^. ielves free from prejudice. So much has already been written to eftablifh different creeds, and fuch care is commonly uken, by inftrudlors of different orders, to give their hearers an early bias towards fome fyftem, that it is hardly poffible, even for a young man, to fit do^n to the inveftigation of the meaning of the Scriptures, with a mind that is not warped in favour offomefpe^ tific opinion. After the moft diligent ftudy of the languages in which the Scriptures are written, the moft accurate attention to various readings, and the moft extenfive knowledge of cuftoms. alid fa^s alluded to in the phrafcology of the feveral writers ; diflFerent perfons, under the bias of their refpedive preconcep- tions, wUt put a different conftruAion upon, and deduce dif« ferent conclufions from, the fame pafTages of Scripture : dif- ferent opinions will, after all, remain, concerning the degree ol value which belongs to certain figurative modes of fpeech ; fome inclining to (he freeft latitude of interpretation, in order to bring the Scriptures to an accommodation with the philofophical prin- ciples which they think itneceffary to fupport; others adhering^ more cjofcly to fvbat appears the literal conftrudlion^ althougb

Vmay lead them to conclufions of which it naj not fee eaQr C9

£*ve a fatisfadlory explanation.* Thus difierent fyftems maf II be maintained ; and different paTties will ftill charge each other^ as the aotbor of the fecond Efiay, in this Number, charge* Bi(hop Lowth, with having been ^ mifled by early prejudices^ and an undue attachment to eftabliflied fyftems/

III this manner we are apprehenfive that, after all the ekici^ (btions of Scripture which this defign may add to the great ttbundance of materials of this fort already before the Public, i» the feveral forms of commentaries, diflertations, and fermons^ ma»y pointa of polemical theology will remain unfettled. But, though we are not very fanguine in our expedations from plan» •f this kind, we do not, however, mean to infinuate that they are without their ufe« Such attempts may be of great fcrvice^ £ie3Iy, m elucidating the facred volumes ; and, indire£tly, by Viewing, that many opmions^ which the heat of theological con* troverfy, in the early ages of the church,, introduced as articles sf faith, derive as littlb fupport from the authority of Scripture as from that of reafon. And if the farther profecution of thefr itfearches fhould not produce that uniformity of opinion whicb many feem toexpeft, it will probably produce an t&8t not lefs- important, a general con virion that the efiential articles of the Chriftian faith are few and obvious, and a general agreement to jrop the farther profecution of thofe points of difpute, which ihall appear, either from the nature of the fubjed,^ or for wan( of fufficient Aita^ not to admit of a certain decifion.

Having thus freely expreiled our fentiments concerning the- plan of thefe Commentaries^ we fhall fatisfy ourfelves witb lajring before our reader& a general view of the contents of thi» * &ft number.

The £rft Efiay treats upon the opening of Chrift^s farewef difcourfeto his difciples, John xiv. i, 2, 3. The author call» In queftion the propriety of the interpretation which has been given of this paiTage, by the unanimous confent of comment tators, as referring to a future ftate ; and maintains,, that by * hia . fiither^s houfe,^ our Saviour means his church, and by ^ many manfions,* the different departments and ofEces which his- apoflles and difciples were to occupy after his death. In the- lemainder of the paflage, he underftands our Saviour as afluring kis difciples, thitt his departure would be the means of fupplying them with powers and qualifications for this office; that he ^ould come to them again,, and abide with them in thofe mira« eulous gifts with which they f&ould be endowed after his refur-* il^on J and that they (hould be his aflbciates, or fellow-labour-^ to, bccUpykig the fame ftation in which he had been, and being employed in the fame work.-— After carefully perufing the fnttor^ ftrgamenti in favour of this interpretatioivi nv^ o^ntv'xtF '

2 U5S^%X%^

* jp ilhttothita Topograptica BrH*^ca.

'' s^pears to' us (perhaps through the in&uencc of garfy prefudic^^> by no meaas fatisfadory. I « ,

• The fecond EfTay giv^ a newyeffion oflfaiab lii. ij.-r-Iiii. it. ^d juftifies by many authorities and arguments thjB paGages ii^ which this tranflation differs from Bifliop Lowth's.

The laft EflTay is a paraphraftic illuftration of the remainder of Chrift's laft difcourfe, 'with feve.ral inferences. ' This publication is to be continued occafionally* as materials.

* are communicated to the Society, through the hands of the Pub* ]iCher, or any of the Members.

■ I I ■ ■ I I ■ II I ■ ■■■111 ■ m^^m^^

Art, VIII. Bibliotheca Topograpbica BritaTtnica. Continued. See Review for February laft, p. ii6.

OUR induftrious Compiler maintains a Aeady and a rapid courfe. Though his work has now advanced to a confi- derable bulk, he feems not to be at a lofs in difcovering mate- rials for its continuance. In his progrefs, he appears unwilling that any minutta fliould efcape, of which we have had frequent evidence, and have now a farther proof in the article before us^ viz*

No. XIV. Additions to Stoke Newington *.

The firft ftven pages confift of arms, infcriptions, and epi* ^aphs in the church and church-yard ; the remainder is chiefly employed in an account of the Abney family, fo noted in this place, and the manor which has been for many years in their pofTefSon. Among other remarks, he takes notice of the fhare which Sir Thomas Abney had in eftablifhing the Proteftant fuc« ceflion in thefe kingdoms, the whole or principal merit of whlcli is faid to have been afcribed to him in his funeral fermon : a confiderable perfon then living aflured hini. on this occafion, that he had done more fervrce to the Iting (William) than if he had raifed him a million of money. The annual revenue of the manor, particulars of which are here given, is faid to be 826 pounds. . No. XV. ExtraSls from the MS. Journal of Sir Sittionds

D*Ewes, with feveral Letters to and from 5ir Simonds and

his Friends +.

This number is compofed from the originals in the Britifll Mufeum. The family of EweSy or Des Ewes^ were formerly * Lords of the dition of KeJfeU in the dutchy of Guelderldnd!^ from whence they were driven to England by the intcftine wars, in the time of Philip the Archduke, and his fon Charles V. The journal of the life of Sir Simonds was written by himfelf, and is faid to ^ contain fome curious particular fads, which^

♦ Quarto. 6d. Nichols. 1783. f 4to. 3s. Nickols. 1783. , ^ bavin{

Bih&otheca Tdfigrapbiia Britatmica, 33

hiving befti recorded foon after they happened^ give to the nar- ntive a degree of aathenticity to which modern biftoriant can* not pretend/ Should the Reader objed^ that feveral paflages of this Diary have already been publifhed in fome of Hearne*d pieees^ the Editor's apology is^ that they are here conAeded in one viefir.

Sir Simonds D'Ewes was well acquainted with Sir Robert Cot- ton and Mr. Selden, two of the moft extenfive fcholars of their time. He was a man of literature ; an antiquary, very fedu- )ou8 in his colle&ions ; a friend to public utility and liberty, but not to anarchy and confufion, though a member of the long parliament* His library, containing, befide books, various manufcripts^ coins, &c. was very dear to him; he exprefles great (blicitude concerning it in his will, fome parts of which are here inferted, directing that it might be kept entire, but not fo engrofled as to prevent an accefs to it, for the public benefit, by lovers of learning, and men of known virtue and integrity. Yet great and earneft as his afFedion and zeal for his library were, after having mentioned fome particulars relative to Sir Robert Cotton, who in the latter part of his life fufFered the mortification of having his library < locked up from his ufe*/ Sir Simonds adds concerning himfelf— * When I afterwards read, in the great and moft elegant Latine hiftorie of Monf. James de ■Thou, of fome learned men who deceafed with ereif after their libraries had been pillaged and fpoiled by the vicncnce of war, it made me call to my fad remembrance the lofs the commonwealth had in our judicious Cotton ; and it might Well induce me often to pray, that it by tyranny or injuftice my library (hould be wreftcd from me, 1 might account it but a creature comfort, "land fo fubnnt to Ood's will in it with patience and humility/

TheextraAs which form the principal pare of this number are indeed curious and entertaining} they relate to events of the day, and give us accounts of, Robert Cecil (irft Earl of Salif^ bury ) the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury ; of Carr earl of So- merfet and his wife ; I^ing James's going to parliament in 1621 } Bacon^s delivery of the Great Seal } King Jameses death and funeral ; aflaffination of the Duke of Buckingham ; Prince Charles's journey into Spain, with feveral other particulars of a public and private nature* We (hall infert only a few ihort extracts from this journal.

The behaviour of Sir Francis Bacon on delivering the Great Seal is thus related : Four Lords * coming to York houfe, told him they were forry to vifit him on fuch an occafion, a<id wifhed it had been better. ** No, my Lords, replied he, the occafion is good;'' then delivering the Great Seal, he added, ^* It was the King's favour that gave me this, and it is my fault that hath taken it away } Rex dedit^ culpa ahjiulit^^ or words to that efFc<ft.'

Rev. July, 1784. D , Ql

34 Biblioihsca 7opograpbica Britannica*

^ Of Archbifhop Laud this fhort defcription is given : < Dr* Laud, Bifhop of London, a Httle, low, redd-faced man, of meane parentage, fucceeded him (Dr. George Abbott). I (hall jieede to fay no more of him heere, bj^caufe his owne fpeech, made in the Starre-chamber, June i^, Wednefday, 1637, at the cenfure of fome godlie men, being iince printed, fu^cientlie ihewes his allowance and prafiice of the adoring or bowing to and towards the altar, with other tenets which made me even tremble when I read it.'

Of William Prinne, Efq; barriftcr of Lincoln's Inn it is faid ; ' He was a moft learned religious gentleman — — I went to vifit him a while after (the execution of his fentence} in the Fleet, and to comfort him ; and found in him the rare effeds of an upright heart, and a goo^ confcience^ by his ferenitie of fpirit and cheareful patience.'

Of Sir Robert Cotton and Mr. Selden, with whom Sir Si- monds was on friendly terms, and to each of whom, in one of his wills, he. had ordered a refpedable legacy, we, notwith* ftanding, meet with the following account : ' 1624. On Tuef* day, September 28, going, as I frequently ufed, to vifit Sir Ro- bert Cotton, England's prime antiquary, I there met with Mr. John Selden, a man of deep knowledge and almoft incomparable learning, as his many publiflied works do fufficientiy witnefs, with whom Sir Robert, our joint friend, brought me acquainted^ and we held ever after a good outward correfpondence; but both q{ them being more learned than pious, I never fought after, or ever attained unto, any great entirenefs with them ; yet I had much more familiarity with Sir Robert Cotton than with Mr. Selden, being a man exceedingly puft up with the apprehenfion of bis own abilities.'

Of King James the Firft our Journalift fays, * It did not a. little amaze me, to fee all men generally fleight and difregard, the lofs of fo mild and gentle a prince, which made me even then to fear that the enfuing times might yet render his lofs more fen&ble, and his memory more dear to pofterity ; for though it cannot be denied but that he had his vices and devia- tions, and that the truexhurch of God was well near ruined in Germany, while he fat ftill and looked on ; yet if we confider his virtues and learning on the other hand, his care to maintain the doSrine of the church of England pure and found, his op<» poiition againft James Armiiiius, Conradius, Vorftius, and other blafpbemous Jnabaptifts^ and his augmenting the liberties of the Engliih, rather than his opprefEng them by any unlimited or. illegal taxes arid corroflons ; we cannot but acknowledge that his death deferved more forrow and.condolement from bis fub- je£ls than it found/

BMothicd Topcgraphiea Britdnhicit ^5

fiy w^hat IS faid, above, of oppofition to blafhhemous Anahaptifts^ as in fome other infiances, it appears that Sir Simonds partook^ in a degree, of the bigotry and fc^lly of the times.

Among other ihemorand urns, a fliort one, dated Feb. 16, 1624, informs us, that divers Lordjs, in their robes, attended the King on horfeback to the houfe of parliament* Sir Simonds gives an interefting account of the aifaiiination of George Duke of Buckingham : from hence^ a^ well a^ from other relations, it feems that Felt^n Was unconnedtcd in the affair, and aded from the impulfe of his own mind, verily perfuaded, however un- ijuflifiable the action in itfelf^ that it was the part of juflice and benevolence to free the Public from an extravagant^ tyrannical^ •and wicked minifler.

No. XVI. * C$lleniom toimrds a ParaMal Htftory (?/* Berkfliire :

Being the Anfiver 5 returned to Mr. Mores*i circular Letters and

^eries for the Parijhes of Bi(ham, Chadlefworth^ Coleibill,

Cumner, Eaft Garfton, Shaw, Shiffbrd, Sparfholt, Speen^

Stanford, Suthamftede, <7;7</ Yatrenden : To which are added a

fhu Particulars tolleSied by the Editbr for thofe of Aid worthy

Shottelbrooke, and White Waltham ♦.*

Mr. Mores, in his introdudion to the queries for Berkfliire^

circulated by him in 1737, obfcrvcs, ' That they are previous

to an intended perfonal vifltation of each parifh ; and are de-

figned to render fuch a perambulation more expeditious and

more effeilual.* Had Mr. Mores accompliihed his purpofe^ and

added his own obfervations^ thefe defcriptions would doubtlefs

have been rendered more fatisfa£lory and complete! at prefent they

are very imperfed, and to be regarded chiefly as eflays and aifift-

ances towards a performance more exad^, more inftrudHve, and

more fatisfaQory, We {hall obferve the ufual method of prc-

fenting our Readers with a few ihort extrads of what may feem

remarkable or amufing.

. Mr. Buckley, vicar of Cumner, among other things relative to that parifl), prefents a copy of certain fmall fums of money direded to be given at different places on the perambulation cir« cuit in the Rogation days ; he adds^ ' Our proceffions here arr very regularly kept up, and you will fee the reafon o^ it from the above table \ the feveral fums of money there mentioned being diftributed in bread and cheefe and beer to thofe who at* tend the proceifion, at the refpe£tive farms*' Among other re** marks we are told, ' Six (hillings and eight pence (being one of the fums ordered in the table aforefaid) is always, according to this order, brought to the vicar, at £n(bam Ferry, in a bafon of Water by the ferry-man, who waits on him with a clean nap- kin : the vicar, after having fifhed for the money and wiped his

* jftQ. j5. MchcJs. X783«

D 2 £irv^t%^

36 Bihli9th€Cd Topograpbica Bniamha,

fingers', is expefied to dtftribute the water among the jnting people who come within his reach, as a token of remembrance to them of the cuftom/

One of the beft papers in this Number is written by the late Dr. Collet of Newbury, being part of a letter to Dr. Pococke, Sifhop of OfTory, and publifhed in the fiftieth volume of Phi* lofophical Traofaflions. It is rather wonderful, that Mr^ ' Moies had not applied to Dr. Collet to affift him in his defign, which it does not appear that he did, though it is particularljr recommended to him by one of his correfpondents. This ex* Uz& relates to the peat which is dug up near Newbury* It 'w found in the middle of the valley on each fide of a river, extend* ing in all from between a quarter of a mile to about half a mile in breadth, and in length about nine miles weflward and feveti eaflvirard. This peat ferves not only the poor, but many other perfons for firing, and the afhes prove a very good manure for both grafs and arable land : it is found at various depths^ from one to eight feet below the furface of the ground : it is a compofition of wood, branches, twigs, leaves, and roots of trees^ with grafs, flraw, plants, and weeds, and lying continually 10 water makes it eafy to be cut through with a (harp peat-fpade. Great numbers of trees are plainly vifible in the true peat, ly* ing irregularly one on another ; even cart-loads of them have been taken out and dried for firing ; but the nearer they lie to the furface of the ground, the }^fs found js the wood. No acorns are found, though many cones of the fir-tree are, and a great num* ber of nut*&ells : they are of a darkifh colour; the nuts are hollow within, and fome have a hole at the broad end. Several (Other particulars are mentioned concerning this. curious and ufe* ful prod u6) ion. This paper is dated in the year 1756, as are moft of the reft about that time, and about the year 1759.

Mr. Forfler, in defcribing the parifh of Shrffwdy or, as he con]cAuTcs Sheep'/prdy in anfwer to one of the queries, fays» Our fports are foot-ball, wrefUing, and cudgelling ; Ludi qui» demy fed nmnunquam feria dueunt in mala ^. He adds a parti* cular account of their corrupt pronunciation ; and among the refJ, that when they ibould fay, I told him fo to hisface^ they fay^ / told him fo to bis head. Concerning this place, and Brighi IFalton^ he alfo remarks, that they are fo much out of the way, and io hid by the woods, that as the tradition goes, they were never vifited or molefted by any one, Royalifl or Republican^ during the whole courfe of the civil war. An infcription, how* ever, tn the church -regifter feems a little to oppofe this tradi* tion, when it is faid, ^ This was that Thomas Nelfon thi^C J ' I .^

♦ Sports or di^trjioks indeed y iut Jbmetimes they bring w ferioue e^.'ih..

2 fought

JfiUUtbica Tcp^gTMphica BrUmmic4* yj

fought two dragoons in Hangman Stone Lane, in the time of the civill- warr, aiid was never well afterwards.'

In defcribing the parifb of Childrey, a long account is given of a perpetual, chantry, founded by William Fetciplace Efq; with an Alms-houfe. We chiefly take notice of it on account of the fums ordered to be annually paid on the celebration of the Obitj, as it is called, or the anniverfary of the founder's fu* neral, and others of the family. ^ To fifteen poor people of the parifli, 55. To the parfon or curate of the church of Childrey, aod. For lights, 6d. To four other priefls, 2s. To the ringers, ^.d. To the clerk for ringing every night at feven o'clock the great bell (per fe curfew pulfatum) 6s. 8d. To the pari(bioners of Childrey, and efpeciaily to the poor ones, who fliall be prefent at the faid obit, immediately after it is ended, in bread and drink, 2s. 8d/ This chauntry, with an almflioufe for, three poor men, and a free fchool, were founded in the year 1526.

Among other particulars of theparifh of Shaw, fome of which are entertaining, we obferve the following : * The river Lam* bourne, or, as anciently called Lambefbourne, rendered famous, and with reafon, by Sylvefter in his tranflation of Du Bartas^

P-55»

Little Lambefbume

AH fummer long, while all thy fifters (brink.

Then of thy tears a million daily drink

runs through this pari(b. It rifes about eleven miles oiF, at a town called Lambourn \ and it is actually certain, that this little ftream is fuller in fummer than in winter, one year with- another. In fome additional remarks concerning this pariQi of Shaw, of a later date than the former, the account above is ra* ther contradi£ted ; but in the defcrlption of the parilh of Gar- fton, by Mr. J. Whitaker, it is faid, * This little ftream, which is of infinite importance to a country confifting chiefly of dry ftony downs, covered with large flocks of iheep, rifes in the bottom of Mr. Hippefley's paddock, and poiTefles the Angular quality of ceafing to flow in the winter, and of flowing brifkly JQ the fummer. In a vifit I paid to Mr, Hippefley about three weeks ago *, he informed me, that, according to cuftom, it had then begun to flow more languidly than in any part of the fum* mer*' After having mentioned an attempt fome naturalifts have made to explain -this phsenomenon, he farther adds; ' What-i^ ever may be the phyfical caufes of this extraordinary property,^ it is certainly a great inftance of providential fuperintendency i that fuperintendency which raifes the water^cane amid the burn- iog heats of the tropics, and lends the genial warmth of the fur

to the frozen inhabitants of the polar regions.'

^ J '■ — " *

• This letter is dated Sept. 3, 1759.

38 Natural HiJIorj of the various Orders ofilonis^

The ctytnolpgy of names, if not rcftcd on fanciful con* jefture, but attained with certainty, or a good degree of proba^ oility, is fometimes not only pleafant, but ufeful. Etymology, therefore, is enquired after in the firft of the Parochial ^ertes. But often an anfwer is not returned, or very imperfedily. We are however pr^fented with a f?w derivations. Cumner^ fome- times Cumemray is, in one record, belonging to the Abbey of ^ Abingdon, called Colman opa^ properly interpreted Colwanfii ripa^ i. e. Colman's bank, brow, or fhore. Colman, or Cuman, it is well known, was a Scotch or Irifli fainr, in great repute in many p;»rts of Britain. Probably the firft church in the Parilh might be dedicated to him. Speen feems to have its rile from the word Spina ^ a name which the Romans gave to the place, from whence it may be conjedured that it abounded in thorns and buflics. Suthamjhad^ the fouthern village, Shaw^ a Cop- pice. Garjlon^ a town among the ftirzc; Gars fignifying furze, Jldworthy old town, place, or ftreet, or farm.

Many pages are added to make up the volume from Mr. Hearne^s letter to a friend, containing an account of antiquities' between Wind for and Oxford, firft publifhed in the Monthly Mifcellany 1708 and 1709^ afterwards by itfelf in 1735, and again in Hearne's edition of Leland's Itinerary, vo!. v» p. 127, The extracts here made chiefly relate to the pariflies of fVhite JFahhatn^ and Shottijbrockey or Sottejbrooke, Here are fcveral en- ^rtaining remarks, and among the reft a (hort iiairaiive of the celebrated Mr. Henry D^^dwel], who Jived feyeral years in th^ parifh of Shottefbrooke, ai^.ii was buried in that church.

This Number contains three plates (befide what are printed on the Letter-prefs) of fponuments, &c. in churches.

N. B, The fupcecding Numbers from ^Vli. to XX. arc publifhed 5 and will be du|y noticed.

Art. IX. yohn Phyfifiphilus^s Specimen of the Natural Hiftery ef the <uancus Orders of Monks y afcer the Manner of the Lmnaeaa jsyil^n. Tranilated from the Latin, printed at Augiburgh. 8vo. 2S. 6d. with Plates. Johnfon. 1783.

IF ridicule be not the tcft of truth, it is often employed, with great fuccefs, in exppfing error. There are fome errors that we i^rc incapable of attacking on the common ground of reafoii and argument; beeaufe principles which apply to the common fenfe of mankind^ are denied by their abettors. In fuch a cafe^ , fidicule muft fupply the place of logic; and fatire will prove more eiFedual than difputation. Nature, which made nothing in vain, hath defigned, that fatire and ridicule (hould of then* ' felves, without the intervention of the laboured fteps of argu* iijcnt, find^ by a jtcc an^ ^aiy ro^d^ a way to the povert of ab*

furjjity,

UatwralHiflorydf the various Ordir$tf M^hku jg •

fuldity, that by prefenting it to the light in its own colours, it might bring forward its own evidence, that it might be expofed and condemned by itfelf. It is, indeed, a Ihort and compen* dious method. It fuperfedes the neceffity of logical deduAion : for it is itfelf the logic of common fenfe, without the forms of the fcbools, and faves a man all the toil and trouble of proving nonfenfe to be nonfenfe, and contradiSion contradidiQn.

The writer of the prefent work feemed to have entertained . this general idea of the power of ridicule: and hath fingled out from the mafs of Romifh abfurdities, the various orders of the Monks, as a very proper fubjeft for a trial. The fubjeft, in- deed, lay open to every (haft of wit and fatire: his mode of attack is, however, fomewhat new and fmgular.

This production is attributed to Baron Born, of Vienna, who (as his tranflator obferves) hath himfelf been (ignalized, as one of thofe naturalifts alluded to in the Author's preface, and who is fufficiently known in England by the fine collec- tion of natural hiftory which he difpofed of to the earl of Bute. The reader may be gratified to learn another circumftancc, which is, that this fatirical performance is thought to be pa- tronized by the emperor of Germany : the fatire in return fa- cilitating the enterprizes of that prince againft the orders of Monks.

The preface, by the tranflator, contains a number of juft refledions on the feeblenefs and abfurdity of the monaftic or- ders; though on the whole it is a piece of dry and formal de- clamation, in which we find nothing either new, or pointed, or animated. The work itfelf confiders the various clailes of ihefc cumber^s of the ground^ as a * genus of animals giving fuck, diftinA from the man : a middle link between the man and the ape, with more affinity to the latter.' This ludicrous reprefent- ation (not indeed very happy for its wit or confiftency — for^it is like the pi£)ure which Horace's ffiends would hold in contempt) is defigned to exhibit the Monks in fuch a light as to produce in the Spedator — not difgutt at the painter, but an abhorrence of the original. How far he hath effeded his purpofe, may be^ in fome degree, colleded from the following fpecimen : ' 2. The DOMINICAN MONK.

The Dominican monk is without a beard : his head is (haved, with a chaplet of hair, broad and unbroken : he has fhoes on his feet« and his tail is covered : his tunic is white* and of a woolly texture, with a belt of the breadth of three fingers : his hood is verfatile, gibbous about the neck, the hem gathered, and blunted at the poiDt : the appendix of the hood, or the fcucnm, the front is round- ed, the back is pointed, with a longitudinal feam dividing both ^efe fcota : his fleeves are of equal width throughout, and folded back: his collar is white, and fcarcely vifible, efpecially when a large and fat chin hangs over the trunk oi the body : whciv Vic ^oc^

40 Natural IRJlary $/ the varioui Orders bfMonhi '

out he is 'covered with a long black \v<>olIeD cloak, with a blkck hoo4 and fciuum, back and front/ covering an inner white one. Hii inner coverings are for the mod part white ; the fleeve of his waift-* coat is clofe, and projedling beyond the wide fleeve of his tunic.

* The lay brothers are without a cloak ; they never lay afide the brack hood and fcapulary. ,

* The gait of the Dominican monk is hypocritical ; his carnage is amorous, and his countenance deceitful. He barks at midnight,

,with ahoarfe and unpleafant voice.

* He is diftinguifhed by the acutencfs of his fcent, fmelling out wine and herefy at a great didance. Devouring every thing, he i» always hungry. The younger of this fpecies go through a proba^ tion of failing. The old ones^ banifhing all employment and all thought, indulge their palate, nouriih themfelves with fuccalent meats, fleep upon down, go to b«d drunk, rife very late in the day, arid are much attached to the flefh of fwine, that all they cat may be converted into fat, and that their own fubftance »ay attain th^ pature of bacon. ' Of confequence they always carry about with them an infinite belly. Enemjes to the vow of chafHty, they ralh headlong to indifcriminate venery.

^ A fpecies mod inimical to human kind and human reafon, and in the formation of which, nature feems to have been fomewhat ne-.. gligent. He efpies his prey from a diflance, he often hints iihy., the direftlon of others, he obtains it fometimes by cunning, anfa fometimes by main force ; he drives it upon a pile which he has previoufly lighted ; the pile is then furrounded by a whoJe troop of ihefe animals, who infult over the dreaming blood of the panting fuilerers, and the various tortures of their roiferable prey, applaud- ing themfelve? with horrible howls and execrable barkinj^, and finally dividing among themfelves the fpoils of the vidim. We arc told, that the inquiiitor general is of all thefe fpecies the moft bkrbatoas, and that he kills his prey merely by looking upon it. The moft noxious are foacid in Spain, Portugal, and South America. But; ours are by no means deditute of venom, which becomes deadly when they are tranfported into a warmer climate. Nature has en- dowed them with the property of changing the appearance of ^eif ikin, now appearing of a white, and now* of a black tint, that un- der this concealment they may be the more terrible. The b^ne** li'cent creator has given rulers to the human fpecies, who, left thcfo animals diould be too fatal, might either exterminate their fpecies, or by the. employment of certain charms, might render thenf in-, noxious.

*> The Dominican nun differs little from the male, except in the wearing a white veil, and being a Uttle more gentle in her car-* Wage;

* The Dominican monk follows the ^ul^ pf Doniinic, a native of Spain, who fird, by the confent of the chief pried of Europe,, dtn droyed the human kind by fire ; and led the fpeci^es fhould' be want- ing who might exercife this mifchievous employment, inftituted in the thirteenth century, an order of n^onks teaching religioji by fire

aud fivord, ' The fymbol of this fpecies isi ^ mad dog, %t^^^Uk^^ \\gjited, forcA, ap4 cJ^r^a^^nin^ racks, tortures, aud dt^^iK

\^^

Bijiip Aituhury's Epifiolary (UrrefpMJknce^ dfc 4^

We have extraded this fpecimen as the mod favourable^ The Reader will fee how fiudioiifly the Linnaean manner is attempted to be preferved : and indeed throughout, the form of expreffion is fuch, as evidently (hews the Author to be moft per* fedly acquainted with the fyftem of the great Naturalift.

This performance hath undoubtedly the merit of Originality both in its plan and execution. The application of the Linnsean fyflem, which is confined to natural objeds in the animal and vegetable world, to an eccleflaftical order, was the projed of a ftrange fancy; — but the projed, though novel, is iK)t pleafing. It is conducted on principles of ftrained aflbciation. The aT- lufions are far-fetched and unnatural : the images are difcordani and heterogeneous, and the whole performance wants both eafe and fpirit to engage the attention of the Reader, Thofe who are curious in Natural Hiflory, will be gratified to fee how arti- ficially the feveral ciafTes of church znicmls are ranged by this ingenious wjritejr. The Engraver has likewife contributed hit (hare towards the Reader's entertainment.

^*« An Edition of the Original * is likewife publiihed by Mr. Johnfon. Price is. 6d,

A ax. X. 2%^ Efiftolan Corrcfpondcnct^ Vifitation Charges y Speeches ^ 41hJ Mi/cellanies^ of tie Right, Re<v. Francis 4tterburyy D.D, Lord ^.Bijhop of Rachefier. With hiftorical Notes. V&l. UI. 8vo. 5$, boards, Nichols. 1784.

" How pleading Atterbury's foftcr hour!

*' How fhin'd the Soul unconquer'd iu the 7Vu;V/'*

THUS fung the Poet, who would have laughed at any other Poet for the Bathos at the conclufion of this cele* brated Eulogy on the focial qualities and fleady heroifm of this admired and diftinguifhed Prelate. He who partook of the entertainment which Atterbury condefcended to aflFord his friends in a feleft Circle, and in a Family way ^ was beft quali* fied to defcribe the pleafures of {o great an indulgence. Bu( thofe who were never admitted to fuch familiarity, muft give others credit for the luxury of be'mg at eafe with a man, whofe *< unconquered foul'' both in the tower and out of it, always repels us with the idea of haughty referve in behaviour, and unyielding tenacity in opinion. What he was on the public theatre of life is well known; and we do not perceive that hi$ familiar correfpondence was mellowed by the ipild (hades of what the Poet calls his ^^fofier hours.'* A fpirit of ffern dig- nity, like his ruling principle, pervaded even the private and more humble intercourfes of life ; and pride and Atterbury feem (0 be as infeparable as the name of Phidias and his Jbield. The greateft part of the letters in this coUeftvoiv v^tte ^ii-

'» T^^-^^f/^ /j^erifs^reat conimcndatiou.

4* • Bijhop Attcrbury'jr Epijlolary Curnfpondime^ b'r.

drefled to Biftiop Trelawnejr, who was one of Atterbury'a carlfeft friends, and who continued to be his zealous and adtive patron. This generous attachment to his intercft was acknowledged by' Atterbury, with a warmth of expreffion which did honour to his feelings. It is a correfpondenie of twenty years (from lyco to 1720), which is here publifhed ; and was communicated to the Editor by Sir Harry Trelawncy, the great nephew of the Bifiiop, and the heir of his titje and eftate. Many of thd letters are wholly of a private and perfonal concern : though moft of them contain references to matters which will afford amufement to Readers of a particular clafs, — Readers who are fond of pri* vate anecdotes, which refpedi fome great and diftinguiibed cha* raders in the church and ftatc^ though they throw little light on thofe characters, and add nothing to the flock of ufeful know- ledge. There are, however, fome letters in this colleftion which are rntrinfically valuable, and may afford much profit and entertainment to Readers of a higher clafs. In general, they are models of eafy and correft writing ; and dtfcover an • elegant tafle, and an accomplifhed mind. Neverthelefs, they are io frequently tin£lured with the prejudice of party, and fbmetimes fo deeply ^^ palkd in the dunneji fmoke** of bigotry and intolerance, that we cannot help lamenting, that fuch great talents fhould be mixed with qualities {o unfriendly to the in- terefls' of Liberty, and fo unworthy of the charafter of a Chriflian Bifhop,

The refloration of the dignity and authority of the Convo- cation, W4S an object which Atteibury had much at heart j and no one purfucd it with more zca! and fpirit than he did. One of his carlieft publicaJoiis on this fuhjeS involved him in dif- putcs with fever^l clergymen * of learning and eminence, whocn he treated with a haughtineTs and difdain, which even his fupcrior abilities did not warrant him to aflume. Many of the letters now pubhflud give a particular (we cannot fay a very enter- taining, or a vrry inte:efting} account of this forgotten ftruggle, : which terminated in the defeat of the Champion of the Con* vocation.

The following Extracts will fuSiciently difcover the fpirit of Dr. Atterbury, and with what views he exerted himfelTin tha. defence of (what Samuel VVefley pathetically calls in his Elegy on the Bifhop} ** long negie^fed Sacerdotal Rights.*'

* Dr, Jane hath taken the chair in the Committee for infpefling books written againll the Truth of the Chriflian Religion. We fat to-da/, and feveral books were brought in to be cenfured ; and an - bAiratt from one Toland's *' Chriftianity not myflerious" laid be- fore us. Dr. Jane is very hearty in it, and moved that we might fic if£ ilie in diem till we had finiihed our buflnefs.f

* Wake, Nichoifon, Hody, Kennct, a^c. &c.

* I bring

NJbop AtterburyV Epiftolary Cofrefpdndincij l^c. 43

* I bring in to-morrow a book of one • Craig, a Scotchman, Chaplain totheBiihopof Sarum [Burnet] to prove, bf mathematical calculation, that according to the pretenfion of the probability of hif- torical evidence in fuch a fpace of time (as he mentions) the ChriHian JReligion will not be credible. It is dedicated to the Bifhop.

Perhaps its having been written by a Chaplain of Bi(hop Burnet, was a principal motive that induced Atcerbury to pro. pofe it to the Convocation for cenfure. His avcrfion to that Bifhop was of the moft rancorous fort ; and whenever he men- tions his name, he betrays an enmity of foul which nothing could excufe. It is eafy to guefs it the fource of his hatred, ^urnet/s attachment to the principles of the Revolution, and the moderation of his temper with rcfpefi to ccclefiaftical rights and religious controveriies, gave great oiFence to the Jacobites and High Churchmen j and every engine of malice and crafc was employed to degrade his charader, and obftru6t his ufeful- ne/s. As a fpecimen of that atrocious policy, by which his ene- mies endeavoured to ruin his reputation, we will prefent our Readers with two Extracts from thefe Letters,

Let. XXXVIL * 1 fcnt your Lord/hip \BiJhop Trelaivney) a tran- icript of part of a Letter, relating to a Right Rev. Prelate. I have, iiace that, an account of a matter of fadl imparted to me, in which he js faid to be deeply concerned. It is of f) high and fcandalous a nature, that I dare not venture to write it to your LordOiip till I am better acquainted with, and aiTured of the particulars, and then I will fend your Lordfhip an account of it.'

' /^jET. XXXVJIL * What I hinted to your Lordfhip in my lafl, about the Bifliop of Sarum, is a very fcandalous llory indeed, and comes to town well attefted by fome very confiderable clergyman of his diocel'e. It relates to one Mutal, a late Chaplain of his, who was almoft forced by the Bifhop to marry a French Nun, lately converted by the Bilhop : in twenty weeks time after which Mrs Mutal was brought to bed of a child. Mutal openly complains that he had no thoughts of marrying her; but the Bifhop prcfTed him to it, and would not let him be eafy till he had done it. And the Gentlemen ^•ho fend this account 4o not not Hick to give the reafon of this con-

• Craig T)ieologix Chrifl. priijcipia mathematica, Lond. 1699.

4,to. Dr. Warburton fpeaks of this work in the v^ry entrance of

his Divine Legation of Mofes \ but confiders it as rather a " ijubim' JicaV* than an heretical, or impious performance. He admits the principle of the Scotchman's hypothecs in a qualified degree,^ but is unwilling to carry the conclufion fo far as it feems to have been ear- ned by Mr. Craig. >* Time may (fays he) and doth efface memo* rials, out of which the fjr/rrW evidence of Chriflianity is compofed; which evidence muH therefore become more 'and more imperfeft, vithout being affeded by that whimfical and partial calculation, to vhich a certain Scotfman would fubje^ it." Div. Legate Vol. L p. I. § I. p. 2. Sie aljo ihi note in tpe margin f

dud;

44..- Sifibp.AtttAury^s Epljhtity Cmrefpondtmi^ ^ ISc^

ciud; and openly in their letters tp fay, that th£ Biihop wanted ^ cover for his lewdnefs.' The Editor juflly conilders this as an ixn* probable, malignant ftory^

In Let. XXHL The E^l of Nottingham is faid to ^ be as deep , as any body in all the new methods of moderation :' and in the foU lowing Letter, we have the fame fneer thrown out againft thofe who poffcffed fome portion of his Lordftiip's fpirit. ' Things go not well here. The fpirit of niofiiration prevaiU o an immo4frate degree ; and the church is dropped by confent of both parties. Caftaires, find the agent for the IriQi Pre/byterians, are ipore familiarly feen, and more eafily received at the levees of fome great Minifters (who %it, called our friends) than much honefter men: and our Lam- beth friends in Convocation triumph exceflively in the late eccleii^ aftxcal promotions. The Bifhop ofCarlifle is going to Cambridge for his degree. The Letter, for it was propofed to the Heads of the Houfes at Oxford, and they deferred paffing it till the Vicechancellor bad received a fuitable anfwer, and that he fent Nicholfpn, of which police being fent the Biihop, he refoived to fend no anfwer, but ap<» ply himfelf elfcwhere.'

Nicholfon, who had been the Archdeacon of Carlifle, was one of Atterbury's antagonifts about the rights of the Convoca^ tion, and returned him his own uncivil and difdainfu} language^ An Extra^ from a Letter to Dr. White Kennet will fliew the opinion he entertained of Atterbury's talents for a fubje& that wa» conne£led with the Antiquities of Britifl) Hiftory, < Th^ man that quotes Gervafe of Dover in words at length j that thinks a hired Clerk (though it (ignifies neither more nor lefs than a Court Chaplain) an ^ odd expreffion in the Saxon Chro^ nicle, may brufli up his eye-brows as high as he pleafes; but he is not at all that /^r/ man that he takes himfelf to be ia matters of £ngli(h Hiftory and Antiquities.' In theconclufion of this very fcvere Letter, Nicholfon (afterwards BiQiop of Carlifle) laments that ^ many men of gravity and good learn^ . ing ihould carefs an empty mifreprefenter of our hiftories, anti« quities, and records ; and {hoyld patronize an ambitious zuretck in bis infolent attempts againft our antient and apoftolica} church government/

One great objeft of Atterbury, in his attempts to reftore th« power of the Convocation, was to fupprefs the feminaries of education among the Diflenters,

The eagcrnefs with which he was difpofed to carry on any profecution againft the Tutors aqd Schoolmafters of that deno* mination,' breaks out in feveral letters, and (hews a fierce and tyrannical fpirit.

Let. XXXVIIL \ The caufe of Sandercock (a DilTenting Mi,

nifter of Taviftock) is ripe for fentence : and I think to order Mr^

Lye to make him draw up and fign an acknowledgment of his fault.

2nd a defire of pardon ; and after that, to condemn him in fall cofts :

^/jd CO admonifh him W)% to attempt an^ Xhin^ q{ \,Kc (ime kind.

tmder the penalty ofexcommunicatioii. This will be a fufficientcKocIc to him and to the party *.'

Let. XXXil. * Gilling {uDiJentti^ Minifter 9/ Ninvtm Abba in pevoajhire) is under profecution in my court (vi^. «/ Archdeacom ^fTotiu/s) but Welih» of King's Kerfwell, was nerer oomplained of to me. If there be any body ready to give evidence agarnft hiui^ Mr. hyt ihall take care to profecute him ^e^ually and fpeedily.* Taut^ene animis cctlefiihus Irm!

But we would turn from this dark part of the Bifliop's^ha* t%Bi^Xy though we c^n fcarcely turo to any part of it that it not, in fome meafure, (haded by it.

Let. XXXIX. * Mr. St. Evreraond \ died renouncing the Chrift- ian religion | ; yet the church of Weflminfler thought fit, in honour to his memory, td give his body room in the Abbey, and to allow *him to be buried there gratis, as far as the Chapter was concerned, though he left 800 1. ilerling behind him §, which is thought evexy way an unaccountable piece of mifmanagement. Sartree || buried him roundly, and hoptd that his brother would rife to life eternal. Dr. fiirch ** proffered to be at the expence of the funeral, on account of the old acquaintance between St. Evreihond and kis' father Wal* lerf fy but that proffer not being accepted, is i^folved to have the honour of laying a marble ilone on his grave.

« My

* In apoflfcript to Letter XXXIX. he fays, « I am like to havie a great deal of trouble with the Nonconformiil at I'aviftock, for in- ftead of fubmitting, he hath demanded a copy of the Articles, ih order, as is fuppofed, to a prohibition. But I intend, by the hhjff^ ing o/Godf-togo through with that matter, whatever the trouble amd charge of it be.'

The Editor's Notes.

f He died September 9, 1703, aged ninety years,.five months and twenty days.

t Amongft other legacies, he gave 20 1. " to the poor French re- fa^ees," and 20 1. ** to the poor Roman Catholics, or of any other religion." His MSS. to the Earl of Galway, his executor. N. B. la a fubfequent letter of Atterbury it is faid, that St. Evremond com* pofed verfes a few days before he died, * which,' fays he, * are re- markable for nothing but his hardinefs in dying profefTedly of Epi- curus's religion. They are called his Demrgres Soupires.*

§ He ordered, by his Will, that he ihould be buried mthout pomp, which was complied with.

II A Prebendary of Weftminfter. He married a fiftfer of Addifon, " a fort of Wit," fays Swift, " very like her brother." Mr. Sartree died September 30, 1713. His widow, (afterwards married to Daniel Combe, Eiq.) died March 2, *750,aml left hcr'eftate, after fome legacies were paid for the erection of a monument in Weftminfter Abbey, to her brother's memory. There is a tablet in the Cloifters. there to the memory of Mrs. Addifon, probably her mother, " Sept. 30* 1719.*'

** Dr. Peter %rch, •one of the Prebendaries. at\d Atc\v4«^coti ^ Weftmin^w-.—i/emamcrftAc'c/aughter of Waller the poet.

ft See /bmc of Jus veifes to Waller in NichoU'a *' S«\taCo\-

46 Sifiop Atterbury'i Epifiolary Correfpondenciy Uti

* My Lord Duke of Buckingham's houfe *, which your Lordflifel fx9f riiing lafl winter, is almofl finiihed. He hath placed four {tvtrkl mottoes upon the four fides of it« which is fomewhat iingular; and, which is worfe, they who pretend to judge of fuch things^ like norfe of them. On the front, ** Sic iiti laetantur lares t«" On the back .front, •* Rus in urbe." On the fide next the road, " Spcftator faftidiofus fibi moleftus." On the North fide, ** Leilte ixxoepit, cito pcrfecit.'*.

It appears from a Letter in this Collc£Honj dated June 29th, ,1704^ that the authors of the ** Tale of a Tub" Were generalfy fuppofed at Oxford, at its firft publication^ to have l^en Ed- mund Smith (commonly called Rag Smith), and John Philiips, author of the celebrated poems entitled, Cyder^ the Splendid Sbilr Ung^ &c, — * I wifli, fays Atterbury to Bifliop Trelawny, their pens were employed in the way your Lord(hip mentions : they would be able to do fervice.' What the way was, is not expli-* citly faid ; but it is not difficult to conjedlure. In another Let- ter, written foon after the former, Atterbury fays, • The au- thor of a ^^ Tale of a Tub'' will not as yet be known ; and if be be the man I guefs, he hath reafon to conceal himfelf, A/* iaufi of the prophane Jirokes in that piece j which would do his npu- tation and intereji in the world more harniy than his wit can do him good. I think your Lordlhip hath found out a very proper em- ployment for his pen, which he would exec^ite very happily. Nothing can pleafe more than that book doth here in London/ It undoubtedly flattered the High Church party to fee the firft wit in the world enlifted under their baaners ; and eager to join his fplendid talents with their rigid zeal to cruih fchifm and ht- refy, and give luftre and ftability to the pillars of hierarchy and orthodoxy. The profanenefs of ^* The Tale of a Tub'* forne-* times made the graver fons of the church '* ftiake their heads ^t Df. Swift." But ftill tie was not to be renounced. Their

ledlion," Vol. I. p. i?3> and '* Verfes written in his Eflays.''^ Vole V. p. 85. iiy Pitt he is thus ftrongly charaderized':

** Old Evremond, renown'd for wit and dirt,

^* Would change his living oft'ner than his (hirt.

•* Roar with the Rakes of State a month ; and come

•* To ftarve another in his hole at home."

* Now the Queen's Palace.

f This Motto occasioned the following lines: Happily plac'd thefe lares are To ieed on viflos and freHi air ; To dine with Humphry's Duke each day^ And gaze their fupper-time away ! But Ceres, with her^^^^/'of corn„ Would better Sbeffield*% houfe adorn : To which if Bacchus grapes would bring. Then might thefe merry lares J^ng.

9 caofe

JB/^^^ Attcrbury'i Epijiolary Correfpcndimij &c. ^y

caufe needed the fupport of his abilities ; and the end he bad m view atoned for a little profanenefs in the meatis by which he ca- deavoured to accomplifli it.

The 92d Letter in this Colleflion was written to Dr. .Attcr- bury by Mr. Bryan Fairfax, Secretary to the Archbifliop of Canterbury, and contains an account of Edward Fairfax, the tranilator of Taflb, with fome very curious particulars relatitig to bis family. The Editor's notes are vcrv fatisfadiory.

The concluding Letters are of a critical and controverfial na- ture. They paffed between Bifhop Attcrbury, Dr. Wall, and Biihop Potter. It is this correfpondence to which he alludes in bis fpeech, when he urges the improbability of his being con- cerned in a plot when (amidft a variety of domeQic incidents and employments of a tender and preiSng nature, enough to oc« cupy all his thoughts) *^ he was engaged aifo in a correfpondence with two learned men about a fubjed^ of great ufe and equzl difficulty, the fettling the times of writing the Four Gofpcls.'*

The objedl: of thefe letters is to eftablifli, chiefly indeed by internal evidence, and arguments a priori^ the very early date of the Gofpels.

The following conclufions Bifhop Atterbury fpeaks of as * fo clear, that he doubted not of proving them to the fatisfadion of every indifferent mind,' vh&.

That the Gofpels were all written in the fame order in whicH they are now placed: — that St. Mark's Gofpel was written partly as an epitome, and partly and chiefly as a fupplement to St. MathewV: — that St. Luke had feen both thefe Gofpels when he wrote his own : — that St. John had feen the three pre- ceding Gofpels, and intended to fupply what was flill wanting in all of them : — that the Gofpel of St. Luke was written many years before the A£ls, and between the 46th and 57th years of our Lord, and nearer to the firft than to the laft of thefe pe* riods: — the confequence from whence is, that St. Mark's Go- fpel muft have been written yet nearer to our Lord's afcent.

The Bifhop produces fcveral arguments to prove that the Gofpel of John was written before the deflrudlion of Jerufa- lem. He lays a confiderable flrefs on the following words in 2d verfe of the 5th chapter of that Gofpel : " Now there is [fft] at Jerufalem, by the fhee'p- market, a pool, which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethefda ; having five porches." * The whole tenor of the words (fays he) to my apprehenfion implies that that edifice with five porches (and consequently Jerufalem itfelf) wa^ then flanding when this pafTage was written. In* deed the Complutenflan and Wechelian editions read irti and iv, but without any authority that I can find ; there being no Ms. now extant that reads the text otherwife than we do ; nor any verfion^ befide two of no great weight, the Arabic and Perflan,

that

J^ Ci:>oVs Tayage to th Pacific Ocean.

that tdUtitenances fuch a^ading : and perhaps thefe two vef* £ons may appear otherwife to thofe who have recourfe to \ht originals in the Polyglott^ for Dr. Millj whofe authority I foU low in this cafe^ owns that he only confulted the Latin tranila« tions of thefe/

The Bilhop thinks the credit of the Gofpcl of St. John very much depends on the fuppofition of its having been written be* fore the de(lru£tion of Jerufalem. * The allowing,' fays he, • a Gofpel in which thefe paffages (viz. thofe prophetical Of thi fate of that city) to have been written after Jerufalem was laid wafie, without any notice thej e taken of the events does, in my humble ojpinion^ tend towards fuggefling a refle£tion that may he made ufe of by infidels to difparage the character of St. John^ and weaken the credit of his teftimony. I dare not explain my my meaning.' Surely it needed no explanation. But the Bifliop's caution and delicacy is a great proof of his reverence for the Scriptures ; and of the apprehenfions he had formed of the danger refulting from fpeciilations that tended to weaken their authority, and under the pretence of freedom produce % flu&uating fpirit of fcepticifm, if not an abfolute and inveterati? infidelity. Speaking of the concluding verfe of the Gofpel of Mark, he fays, ^ It is poffible that verfe might have been added many years after the Gofpel was pubiilhed ; and there are many antient MSS. without the latter part of St. Mark in them. But this is a way of arguing I am not willing to take refuge in ) having always thought that Grotius indulged his conjeSures of this kind too freely.' And Grotius hath had too maiiy imitators | men unqualified to follow him in the more noble paths of learn- ing and criticifm, have found it a very eafy matter to imitate the hiore exceptionable part of his charafler as a commentator on the Word of God } and veho, while far — very far behind him in all that we revere, outrun him in that which deferved to be cenfured.

Art. XI. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, Performed under the Di- re^ion of Captains Cook, Cierke, and Gore. [Continued from the Review for June lail, p. 474O

HAVING given a general account of this valuable and enter- taining work, we ihall now endeavour to follow our cele*- : brated navigator through this third, long, and dangerous voyage ; at ^tbefame time extradling from his plaini yet well-written narrative, fuch particulars as moil engaged our attention in the perufal of it.

Captain Cook failed from Plymouth found, in the Refolution, on^ the 12th of July X776, leaving his intended confort, the Difcovery, behind him, on account of her Captain being detained in London longer than was cxpefted ; and paiTed Cape Finiftcrre on the 24th. On the 3t?th, being in Laiitudc 31* xo' N. they obferved a total

cclipfe

Cook'j Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. 49

^c1ip(b of the moon, which gave 15® 35'! W. Long, for tficfituation of the Ihip at that time. On the ift of Augult they anchored in the Road of Santa Cruz, at the ifland of Tencriffe, where they took on board a plentiful fupply of wine and vegetables, and recruited their fiock of water. They alfo parch a fed at this place large qnantitics of corn and hay, for the fubfiftencc of the numerous ftock of live ani- mals which they carried with them, and defigned to leave at the dif- ferent iflands they might touch at in the South Seas. Captain Cook gives a pretty full account of the inhabitants, foil, produce, and trade of this ifland ; but as matter, more interefling in its nature, and more in quantity than our fcanty limits will aiford room for, oilers itfelf to our coniideration in the courfe of the voyage, we ihall omit it, obferving only that great alterations in every one of the articles, mentioned above, feem to have taken place fince Captain Glas wrote his account of the group of iflands, of v^hich this makes one.

They left Tcnerific on the 4th of Auguft, pafTcd the iflands of Bonavifta and Mayo on the loth and 12th, and looked into Porto Praya Bay, in the ifland of St. Jago, on the 13 th in the morning ; but JDOt finding the Difcovery there, as they expcded, they made the beft of their way for the Cape of Good Hope, where they arrived, and anchored in Table Bay, on the i8th of Odober, Here Captain Cook took every flep that prudence, foreiight, and experience could didattf for refrefliing and refloring the health of his people ; by fup- plying them, in the moft plentiful manner, with frefh meat, foft bread, vegetables, and fruits, of every kind that the place afforded.

On the loth of November the. Difcovery anchored in the Bay, having failed from England on the firfl of Auguft ; and fhe arrived at the Cape without meeting with any accident, or any thing re- markable, except lofing one of her marines, who fell overboard. This ihip aitived with her crew in perfect health ; but the Refohition had three or four fickly, of complaints which they brought with them from England.

Having completely refrefhed the crews of both fliips, and got on board as many ftores, and as much provifion and water, as the fhips could flow, they failed from the Cape on the 30th of November; ihaping a fouth-eafterly courfe for the ifland which had been difco- vered by M. Marion du Frefne, in 1772. At the Capo, Captain Cook added' to his original flock of animals, which he intended for the iflands in the South Seas, by purchafmg two young bulls, two hwfcrs, two young horfes, two mares, two rams, fevcral ewes and goats, and fome rabbits and poultry. The inconvenience which he pat himfelf to, and which ihc ofiicers and crew fubmitted to with ch^rfulnefs, and even pleufure, for the fake of their friends in thofe remote regions, deferves to be taken notice of; and it will be ac- knowledged by every one who knows what it is to live fo long on board a fhip crowded with animals, and efpecially of fuch a fize as many of thefe were. But what is it that benevolent hearts will not, themfelves, fubmit to, when they confider that they are, by that means, lenabled to bcftow bleflings of fuch a magnitude as they were then iptent on beftowing, and on fo large a portion of their fellow- creatures ? Bleffings which will laft as long as the world e«dures ;

Rev.* July, 1784. E ^tv^.

50 .Go6kV Vo;fage to the^ Pacific Oceaft.

arid, cbnfequently, of which innumerable millions, yet unborn, Witf bfc pkrtakers ! /

On the 5th of December they were overtaken wi-th a fudden and violent fquall of wind ; in which the Refolution loft her topmaft ^ and, on the 6th, being in Lat. 39'' x^' S. and Long. 23® 56' E- they paffed through feveral fpots of water of a reddifti colour. Some of this water was taken up, and found to^abound with fmall animaU culae of a rtd hue, which (he mierofcope difcovered te be like a cray-fifli. On the 12th, at ivoon*, they (aw land to the fouth-eaft, which proved to be two iflands: the krgeft, abo»t >5L leagues in cir- cuit, is iaLat. ^&^ y'^' S. and Long. 37^46 E, I'he other, about ^ Icagjtfes in-circuit^i is in Lat. 46*' 40 S. and Long. 38"* 8' E- The ihores of b«th were bold and rocky ; the land of a. confiderable height; utterly barren, and in moll places covered with £(?9w:. and i^cy faw notirthe leaft Appearance of ihelter for a (hip any where oa their coafls. Capt. Cook called them Prince Edward's Ifles.

They pa^ed to the fouthward of thefe i (lands, flill keeping a Ibuth-eaft^rly c&urfe,. with' an intention of getting into the latitude . of the land which had been difcovered by M. Kerguelen in 1772.; aiid vifited again, by the fame navigasor,. in the latter end- et* tlie year i>773« On the i6th they met with penguins, divers, and recb- ^veed, fioatitig on the Tea-; and they continued to meet with more or lefs of thefe figns of land until the 24th, during almoft all which tii6e they had turbulent and thick foggy weather, which rendere4 their fituation extremely dangerous, and their navigation troablt- fome and tedious. On the 24th, however, about {\x o'clock in the mormng, the fog clearing away a Iktle, they difcovered land, con- £(ting of one pretty large^ and feveral fmaller iilanda; extendii^ from 48^ 30' to about 5® degrees' of fbuth latitude;, and from aboat &^ L5' to 7<5>^ 30' of caft longitude.

The coafts of this land are, in general," pretty bold^ and bcohei^; of coarfe, (helter for fhlps may be expedted there;- a4id, indeed^ Capt. Cook anchored in, and has defcribed two very convenient' harbours, and given plans of them;— -Frefti water was met with hi plenty, and good ; but befide that, very little refrelhniehts of any Kind.- Ducks, of a fmall fort, and well- flavoured,, were fband;. but no other fowls that are gcner^Iy efteeined eatable* There went/' however, great numbers of penguins, alba^-offesy ftiaggs, gull*, and peterels. Seals were the only quadruped* found there, and the whole* catalogue of plants did not exceed fixteen or eighteen : but, oillt of thefe, three were eatable ; and, dreffed fome ways, not unpalataitlll*' On the whole, this land appears to be more dreary,.; defoliate, and ban-en ehan any which has yet been difcovered in fo low a latitude: and the examination of it coft more animals than all'Ulat irvnll ev^f produce are likely to be worth ; for the bad weather which Captain Cook met with while he continoed-on the coaib of it, killed twooF the bulls,^ one heifer, two rams,, and feveral of the goats, which He-* had taken on board with an intention of leaving them at the Friendl^f Society, and other i^ands that he mi^ht happen to meet with in. the c^urfe of his voyage. The \cry great teridernefs^ of males> in. Conl- pajdfon of females, has frequently been remarked in the haman ipe- cies : indeed, the pi^o& of it ar^ abundaiitj. ibr no pevfonr can mk

6 ittta

Cook^ Voyage to the Pacific Oaan'. %i

into the parochial regiilcrs of human mortality, attentively, without {>eing ilruck with it. Does not this circumdance feem to point out i, finiilsir defed in the conflitutions of the males in the brute creation ? "Since out of ^\t animals, the fexes of which are here difcriminatcd, and which died of the hardfhips they experienced in their new /itu« ation^ foiir appear to have been males. This part of Captain Cook's narriktion is accompaiiied with pretty extenfive notes, added by the ^tvy ingenious Editor, with a view of comparing Captain Cook's accoant of this land with thofe bf M. </f Kerguehn arid M. Pages, to Which accduhts Captain Cook \Vas an otter flranger: and as this comparifon does honour to the integrity of each of thefe three cele- •bratcd navigators ; but particularly to the fagacity and penetration of the indefatigable condodtor of the voyage under conftderation, we tire perfuaded every candid reader V^ill feci himfelf obliged by them.

Leaving this place, they fteered Eaft by North for Van Dicmen's land, which they faw on the 24th of January 1777, about three o'clock in the ihorriing, and anchored in Adventure Bay (fo named hy Captain Furiicau^; in the former voyage),* on the 26th ini the after- faoon. The next morning difierent parties were fent on fhore to fill Vater^ fell wood; and cut grais for the cattle ; aiid of every one of thefe Articles they found plenty, and good of its kind;^ as well as reafonably convenient to come at. They silfo hauled the (bine; and taught great plenty of fifh \ but chiefly of that kiiid which feameii tall the elephant fi(h, a reprefentation of which niay be feen in Plate XVII. of Frezier's voyage to the Sobth Sea, where it is called ^jegalio, or thfe cock-fifh. They alfo caught feveral large rays, iinrfe&^'a fe^ fole^ arid flounders, two forts of gurnaMs, fome fmall maUet, and a few others. The only animal they faw here was a fort of OpoiTum, abont twice the fize of a large rat ; but the KangooroOf mentioned in Captain Cook*s firft Voyage, without doubt, inhabits this part of New Holland, as well as thofe further North, fined (everal pieces of its ikin were found on the natives. The birds arc large brown hawks or eagles^ large pigeons^ wild-ducks, fhaggs, paroqiiets and plover, arid many others of a fmaller fize, befide great Variety of the giiU kind. The reptiles and infefts were large blackilh fnakes, lizards, fcorpions, fplders, dragon, gad, and camel Hies^ biufquitoes; and a large black ant, the pain of whofc bite is almoft intolerable^ for the (hort time it lafls.

iThe foreft tree^ arb all of one fort, growing to a great height, and generally quite ftraight, and without branches, except near the top. Tfte bark is white and thick ; and, within, afe fometlmes collected -pieces of a reddifh tranfparent gum; or refin, which has an aftringent tafte; The leaves are long, narrow and pointed ; and it bears eloflers of fmall white flowers, the cups of which were, at this time, fcattered plentifully about the ground, with another fort that re- fembled them in fhape,- but were much larger; which makes it pro- table -that there are two Jpecies of this tree. The wood is very long, and clofe- grained 5 extremely tough ; and, confeqnently, fie for fparSf oars; arid many other ufes ; and woul S on occafion, make very good mads (perhaps none better) if a method could be found to ftghteri hi The bark of the fmaller branches, fruit, and leaves^ have

£ 2 ^

52 CooVi Voyage to thi Pacific Ocean.

an agreeable pungent tafte, and aromatic fmell ; and. In its natHref lias lome affinity to the myrius of botanifts. Be£ides this, there is buC ' one tree which is very common, and that a dwarf, fcarcely ever ex- ceeding ten feet in height. It branches very much, has a large yel- low cylindrical flower, coniifting only of a vail number of filaments ; which, being fhed, leave a fruit like the cone of a pine. The under* wood confifls chiefly of ^wo fmall (hrubs ; one of which feems to be the lepto/permum of Forfler, and the other a new fpecies of the mela-- leuca of Linnaeus. Other plants are by no means numerous, con? fjfting chiefly of a /pedes of gladiolus^ rufh, bell flower, famphire, wood-forrel, milk- wort, and fome few others : there are alfo (everat kinds of fern, and fome mofTes ; but none of them very uncommon ; and they foand not one among the vegetable productions of this place that afforded the fmallefl fubfiflence for man.

The firft day ©ur voyagers were afhore at this place, they fawnone ^the inhabitants ; but on the fecond, in the afternoon, eight men and a boy made their appearance at the place where the people were cutting wood. They made their approach without the leall figns of fear ; and none of them had any weapons, except one, who held in in his hand a flick of about two feet in length, and pointed at one end. * Being defirous,' fays Captain Cook, * of knowing the ufe of this (lick, I made figns to him to fhew me | and fo far fucceeded^ that one of them fet up a piece of wood as a mark, and threw ait it, at the djftance of about twenty yards : but we had little reafon ta commend his dexterity; for, after repeated trials, he was ftill very wide from the objed. Omai, to (new them how much fuperior cur weapons were to theirs, then fTred his mufquet at it; which alarmed them fo much, that notvvithflanding all we could do or iBy* they ran inllantly into the woods. One of them was fo frightened^ that he let drop an axe and two knives, that had been given to him. From us," however, they went to the place where fome of the Dif* covery's people were employed in taking water into their boat* The officer of that party, not knowing that they had paid us ib friendly a vifit, nor what their intent might be, fired a mufquet in the air, which fent them off with the greateft precipitation. Thus ended our firft interview with the natives.

* Thefe people were quite naked, and wore no ornaments ; unle&- we coniider as fuch, and as a proof of their love of finery, fome large pun£lures or ridges raifed on different parts of their bodies^ fome m ilraight, and others in curved lines.

* They were of the common flature, but rather flender. Th^ (kin was black, and alfo their hair, which was as woolly as that t£ any native of Guinea ; but they were not diflinguifhed by remarkaUf thick lips, nor flat nofes. On the contrary, their features were far' from being difagreeable. They had pretty good eyes; and thdr teeth were tolerably even, but very dirty. Mod of them had their hair and beards fmeared with a red ointment ; and fome had their faces alfo painted with the fame compofition. ^

' They received every prefent we made them without the leaifc ap* pearance of fatisfadion : and when fome bread was given, as foon at they underflood that it was to be eaten, they either returned it, or threw it away, without evcu tafiing it. They alfo refufbd fome

elephant

Cook'i Vcyagi U the Pacific (kwu 53

elephant fifh, both raw and drelTed,' which we offered them : . but, on giving fome birds to them, they did not retarn thefe, and eafily made 119 comprehend that they were fond of fuch food.'

The 29th being quite calm, and confequently no poffibility of fail- ing* Captain Cook fent the ufual parties on (hore, and accompaniod the wooding party himfelf, as he faw feveral of the natives fauntering alonfi^ the fhore near the part which our people were going to, and which aifured him, that though their conflemation had made them run away fo abruptly the day before, they were convinced that no jnifchief was intended them^ and were deiirous of renewing the in- cercourfe.

' We had not been long landed,* fays he, * before about twenty of them, men and boys, joined us, without expreffing the lead fign of fear or diftrofl. There was one of this co npany confpicuoufly de- formed ; and who was not more diilinguifhed by the hump upon his back, than by the drollery of his geftures, and the feeming humour of his ipeeches ; which he was very fond of exhibiting, as we fuppofed, for oar entertainment. But, unfortunately, we could not underftand bim ; the language fpoken here being wholly unintelligible to us. It appeared to me, to be different from that fpoken by the inhabitants of the more Northern parts of this country, whom I met with in my firft voyage ; which is not extraordinary, fince thofc we now faw, and thofc we then vi/ited, differ in many och^r refpefts. Nor did they appear fuch miferable wretches as the natives whom Dampier mentions to have feen on its Weftern coaft.'

From thefe extradb it is manifeff that Captain Cook thought the natives of thefe three parts of the fame ifland, differed from one another very materially ; but the Editor has added two notes on this part, feemingly with a view to fhew, that the difference is not (b great, but that they may have originated from one common (lock : of this let the learned judge. The accounts of Dampier and Hawkefworth are in every perfon's hands ; and we will not pretend to decide for them. We ought, however, to obferve, that the opinion of Mr. Anderfon, the furgeon of the Refolution, accords perfe^ly ifrith this opinion of the Editor.

Some of the natives, who made their appearance this latter time, wore, round their necks, three or four folds of fmall cord, made of tke fur of fome animal ; and others had a narrow flip o the Kati' fcor9o*$ fkin, tied round their ancles. The Captain gave to each of tkefll a firing of beads and a medal ; which, he thought, they re* ceived with fome degree of fatisfadion. They appeared to fet no nine on iron, or on iron tools ; and were even ignorant of the ufe of fiihhooks : at lead they appeared to be fo, from the little notice they took of fome which were fhewn to them. After flaying about an hour with the wooding party. Captain Cook left them, and went to the other f!de of the bay, where the haymakers were at work, and thence he returned on board to dinner ; where Lieutenant Kine ar- rived foon after. From him Captain Cook learned that he had but joft left the (hore, when feveral women and children made their ap« pevance, and were introduced to Mr. King by fome of the men who attended them. He gave prefen^s to all of them, of fuch trifles as ha h/id aboQt hioi* Thefe females wore a kangooroo fkin (in the fame

E3 • fti*ig%

54 CooV^sVofage to the Tacijic Ocean.

ihapc as it came from the animal) tied about their fhouloers, and rpuii(f the waift : but its only ufe Teemed to be to fupport their children^ , when carried on tl>eir backs ; for i( did not cover thofe pares whicl^ ipolt nations conceal ; (hey being, in 4II pther refpeds, as naked as ilie men, and as black ; apd their bodies marljied with fears in the iame manner. In this, however, they diiFered from the men, that though their hair was of the fame colour ^nd texture, fpme of them' had their heads completely fhorn, or fh^ved : in others, this opera- tion had been performed only on one fide, while the reft of them had ail the upper part of the head fhorn clofe, leaving a circle of hair allr round, fomewhat like the tonf^-e pf the Romifti ecclefiaflics. Many of thp children had fine features, and were thought pretty ; but of* the perfoi^s of the women, efpecially thofe advanced in years, a Icfs favourable report was made.

* The land is, for the mofl part, of a good height, diverfiiied with' hills and vallies, and every where of a greenifl^ hue. It is well wooded ; and if we may judge from appearances, and from what we ijiet with at Adventure Bay, is not ill fupplied with water.' Thq latitude of Adventure Bay 15.4^° 2\\ S. its Long. ^47*^ zq E. The variation of the cpmpafs 5® 15' Eaft; and the dip of the needle's South end 70** 15'f.

On the 30th of January they weighed and failed from Adventure Jay, with a light breeze at Wefl ; which foon after veered round to the South, and increafed to a perfcfl itorm. This gale was indicatedl. by the barometer ; for the wind no fooner began to rife, than the ipercury began to fall. Another remarkable circy^nftaiice ^ttende4 the coming oh of this gale, which was very faii^t a^ the firll : it brought; with it a degree of heat which was almoft intolerable. The mer- cury in the thermometer rofc, almoft inftantaneoully, from abput 70* to near 90°; but this heat was of fo fhort a duration> that it feemed to be wafted away before the gale that brought it, though th^t was exceeding lliort ; fo that Ame on board did not perceive* it. They purfued their courfe to the Eaftward,and on ^hc loth pf February, iq ■ tlie afternoon, difcovered the land of New Zealand ; and On the iztb^ in the morning, anchored in Queen Charlotte's Sound.

On the 13th, the al^ronomical obfervatories were erected on thq fame fpot whef^ they had been eredied before \ and alfp two ^ents, one froni each i}iip, for the accommodation pf the; aftrphoiners; guard, tjie cooper, and other people whpfe avocations Required tbemT to be on fhore. f wo men were employed ii) brewing fpruce beer: the carpenter and h^s crew were fent on Ihore to cut wood \ and dif- ferent parlies of men were apJ)ointed to water and refit the fhip.

'When our people firft arrived in the Sound, the natives were very fhy, and fe'cmingly fearful of coming on board the fhip. This was accounted' for on a fupp'oiition that t^iey we^c apprehenfive this new viiic td'thefr country' was made to revenge the deaths of Captain Far- hcaux's people*/ * But if any fufpicions of this ltin4 were entertain^ by them,', iays Captain Cook, ' they very fopn lajd them afidc ^ for diiring the courfe' of this ^ny (the 14th), a great number of families came from different parts of thecoaft, And took up their refidence cfofe to us ; to that there was not a fpot in the cove, where a hu^ CQuI4 be put up, that vTas not occujpied by them, except the place ' "* ' - '" ' ■ whero

CJook?/ Voyage to th Pacific Ocean. 55

•w^crc we had fixed our little encampment. This they left us in quiet |>o0efSon of; buc they came and took away the ruins of lome old Lilts that were there, as m:itencils for their new ere^ions.

* It is curious to obferve with what facility they build thefc occa* £onal places of abode, I have feen above twenty of them ercAed on a /pot of ground, that, not an hour before, was covered with fhrubs and plants. They generally bring fom« part of the materials witk them ; the reft they find upon the premifcs. I was prcfcntwhen a number of peopJe landed, and built one of thefe vilkgw. The mo- ment the canoes reached the fhore, the men leaped out, knd took poileflion at t)nce of a piece of ground, by tearing up the plants and ihrubs, or flicking up fome part-of the framing of an hut. They then returned to their canoes, and fecured their weapons, by fettin^ them up again ft a tree, or placing them in fuch a pofition, that they conld be laid hold of in an inftant. I took particular notice that ne one ncgleAed this precaution. While the men were employed in raiiing theliuts, the women were not idle. Some were fiationed to take care of the canoes 3 others to -fecure the provifions, and the few vtenfils in their pofleflion ; and the reft went to gather dry fticks, that ■Si fire might be prepared for drefling their vifluals. As to the children^ I kept them, as aUb fome of the more aged, fulBciently occupied in fcrambling for i»eads^ till 1 had emptied my pockets, and then I left (hem.

* Thefe temporary habitattons are abundantly fufficicnt to afford belter from the wind and rain^ which is the only purpofe they are meant to anfwer. I obferved that, generally, if not always^ the fame tribe or family, though it were ever fo large, afibciated and built together; fo that we frequently faw a village, as well as their larger towns, divided ipto diffi^rent diftridls, by low pallifades, or fome fimilar mode of feparation.

* Amongft our occafional vifitors was a diief named Kahoora ; %ho, as i was infi>rn>ed, Jheaded the party tbat cu!t oft' Captain Fur* neaux's people, and hoa^i^d that he himfelf had killed Mr. Roe, the

' officer who commanded. To judge of the chara^er of Kahoora, by what I heard from many of his countrymen, he feemed to be jnore feared than beloved amongft them. Not fatisfied with telling me that he was a very bad man, fome of them even importuned me to. kill him; and, i beHev^, they were not a little furprifed that I did not liften to them; for, according to their ideas of equity, this doght to have been done r, 'Iwt if I had followed the advice of all our pretended friends, I miglvt have extirpated the whole race ; for the people of each hamlet or village, by turns, applied to me to deftroy the other.

* On the 1 6th, ^t day4>rcak, I fet out with a party-of men and five hcykcs to colled food for our cattle. Captain Clerke, feveral of the officers, Omai, and two of the natives went with me. We proceeded about three leagues up the Sound, and landed on the fiaft-^fide, where we cot as much grafs as loaded the two launches.

* As we returned, we vifited Grafs-Cove, the memorable fcene flfthc maftacreof Captain Furneaux's people. Here I met with my old friend Pedro, mentioned in my la^ voyage. He, and anot^ier jof jus coontryiaen^ received ns on the beach, armed with a -pa*too koA

E 4 t^^M*

^ Cook*5 Voyage to the Pacific Ocean:

fpear. Whether this reception was a mark of their cotirtcfyV or of tbeir fear, I cannot fay ; but I thought they betrayed many £gns of the latter. However, if they had any apprehenfions, a fijw prefe^its foon removed them, and brought down to the beach twooriJthree'niore of the family ; but the greateft part of them remained oat of 'fight.- . * Whilll we were at this place, our curio/ity prompted us to inquire ♦ into the circum fiances attending the fate of our countrymen ; and I Omai was made ufe of as our interpreter for this purpofe. Pedro. -^ and the refl of the natives prefent, anfwered all the quedions that r were put to them on the fubjefl, without referve, and like men who * are under no dread of punilhmcnt for a crime of which tliey are not i guilty. For we already knew that none of them had been conccrnc4 in the unhappy tranfadlion. They told us, that while our people were. ; fitting at dinner, furroundcd by feveral of the natives, fome of thi*^ latter Hole, or fnatched from them, fome bread and fifh^'for whicl^,: they were beat. This being refented, a quarrel enfued, and two .New, * Zealanders were (hot dead, by the only two mufauets that were fired. - For before our people had time to difcharge a third, or load agaii^ thofe that had been fired, the natives ruined in upon themt, over- J powered them with their numbers, and put them all to death. Pedro, 1 ^nd his companions, bcfides relating the hiftory of the raafTacre, mad^ us acquainted with the very fpot that was the fcene of it. It is at thej - corner of the cove, on the right hand. They pointed to the place of the fun, to mark to us at what hour of the day it happened ; and, according to this, it mufl have been late in the afternoon. They alfo fhewed us the place where the boat lay ; and it appeared to b<j about two hundred yards diftant from that where the crew were feated. One of their number, a black fervant of Captain Furneaux, was Jcft in the boat to take care of her.

* We were afterward told that this black was the caufe of thp quarrel, which was faid to have happened thus : One of the native^ iiealing fomething out of the boat, the negro gave him a fevere blow • with a Hick. I'he cries of the fellow being heard by his country- men at adiftance, they imagined he was killed, and immediately began the attack on our people ; who, before they had time to reach the boat, or to arm themfelves againii: the unexpected impending dan- ger, fell a facrifice to the fury of tlieir favage affailants.

' The £rll of thcfe accounts was confirmed by the tcflimony of many of the nativci?, whom we convcrfed v^ith, at diflerent times, and who I think could have no intereil in deceiving us. The fecond manner of relating the tranfadion, refls upon the authority of the Young New Zealander, who chofe to abandon his country and go away with us, and who, confequently, could have no pofHblc view in difguifing the truth. All agreeing that the quarrel happened while the boat's crew were fitting at their meal, it is highly probable that both the accounts are true, as they perfedlly coincide. For we inay very naturally fuppofe, that while fome of the natives were fleal. ing from the man who had been left in the boat, others of them might take the fame liberty with the property of our people who were on fhore. Be this as it will, all agree, that the quarrel took its rife from fome thefts^ in the commifiion of which the natives were dcte^ed. All agree, alfo, that there was no premeditated plan of

bloodihed ;

Coolc'i Vojagi to the Pactfo Ouan, 57

Uoodffaed ; and that if thefe thefts had not been, unfortanately, too jhailily refented, no mifchief would have happened. For Kahoora's jgreateft enemies, (hofe who folicited his defbuAion mod earneftly, at the fame time confeiled that he had no intention to qnarrel, mach lefs t . kill, till the fray had aftaally commenced. It alfo appears, that the anhappy vidims were under no fort of appreheniion of their fate, otherwife they woujd never have ventured to fit down to a re- paftj at fo coniiderable a diflance from their boat» amongft people fvho were the next moment to be their murderers. What became of the boat I never could learn . Some faid fhe was pulled to pieces, and burnt ; others told us that ihe was carried, they knew not whi- ther, by a party of flrangers.*

On the 23d, having got as much wood and water for the ufe of the ihip, and grafs for the cattle, as could be ilowed away, they jQxuck their tents, and on the 24th \yeighed and failed out of Ship Cove : but both wind and tide proving unfavourable, they came to again without the ifland of Motuara, where feveral natives came on board to take tlieir leave, and laft prefents ; and amongll them came JS^ahoora. ' This,* fays Captain Cook, ' was the third time he had vifited us, without betraying the fmall: fl appearance of fear. Omai prefently pointed him out, and folicited me to fhoot him. Not fatis£ed with this, he addrefTed himfelf to Kahoora, threaten- ing to be his executioner, if ever he prefumed to vifit us again. • * The New Zealander paid fo little regard to thefe threats, that he returned, the next morning, wi:h his whole family, men, wo- men, and children, to the number of twenty and upwards. Omai was the firft who acquainted me with his being along- fide the ihip, and deiired to know if he ihould afk him to come on board. I told him he might ; and accordingly he introduced the chief into the ca- bin, faying, " There is Kahoora, kill him !" But, as if he had forgot his former threats, or were afraid that I (hould call upon him to per- form them, he immediately retired. In a ihort time, however^ he returned ; and feeing the chief unhurt, he expoftulaied with me very earneftly, faying, " Why do you not kill him ? You tell me, if a man kills another in England, that he is hanged for it. This man has killed ten, and yet you will not kill him ; though many of his countrymen defire it, and it would be very good." Omai's ar- guments, though fpecious enough, having no weight with me, I de- fired him to a& the chief. Why he had killed Captain Purneaux's people ?

' ' ijit this queilion, Kahoora folded his arms, hung down his head, and looked like one caught in a trap ; and I firmly be- lieve, he expeded inflant death. But no fooner was he aiTured of his fafety, than he became cheerful. He did not, however, feem willing to give me an anfwer to the queflion that had been put to him,, till I had again and again repeated my promife, that he fliould not be hurt.

' Then he ventured to tell us, that one of his countrymen having* brought a ilone hatchet to barter, the man to whom it was offered took it, and would neither return it,, nor give any thin^; for it ; on which the owner of it fi^atched up the bread as an equivalent, and then the quarrel began*

58 CooVs Vayage to the Pacific Ocean.

< The remainder of Kahoora's account of this unhappy affair dif* fercd wtry little from what we had before learned from the reft of his countrymen. He mentioned the narrow efcape he had during the fray; a mufquet being levelled at him, which he avoided by ikulking behind the boat, and another man, who flood clofe tohim^ v/as fhot dead. As foon as the mufquet was difcharged, he inflantly ieizcd the opportunity to attack Mr. Rowe, who commanded the party, and who defended himfelf with his hanger (with whici|i he wounded Kahoora in the arm) till he was overpowered by numbers.

* Mr. Burney, who was fent by Captain Furneaux the next day, vith an armed party, to look for his mifling people, upon difcover- ang the horrid proofs of their fhocking fate, had fired feveral voUies amoDgft the crowds of natives who Hill remained afTembled on the fpot, and were, probably, partaking of the deteftable banqaet. It ?vas natural to fiippofe that he had not fired in vain ; and that there* fore fome of the murderers and devourers of our unhappy country- men had fufFcred under our jufl refentment. Upon enquiry, how- ever, into this matter, not only from Kahoora, but from others who had opportunities of knowing, it appeared that our fuppofition was groundlefs, and that not one of the fhot fired by Mr, Burney's peo^ |)le had taken efFed, fo as to kill, or even to hurt, a fingle perfon.*

We have laid the whole of Captain Cook's information concern- ing this unhappy affair before our Readers, not only on account of. its being a fubje^ that every one who had read the former relations mull be intepeftcd in, but alfo as it conveys to our knowledge many iingular traits in the charadlers of this bold and intrepid, but favage , people.

From this place Omai was permitted to take away, but with their, f. own confent, as well as the ccnfent of every one of their friends, two youths : one of them was the only fon of a deceafed chief, who had a mother living, who parted from him in fuch a manner as a mothef may be fuppofcd to part from a fon ; the other was the child of aa. inferior perfoo, who was fent with the former as his attendant or fcrvant. Captain Cook fays, * He was prefented to me by his own father, who, 1 believe, would have parted from his dog with far lefi • indifterence.' The former of thefe boys was about 17 or 18 years of, , age, and very intelligent. From him they learnt that a fhip, ut- terly unknown to us, had arrived at New Zealand, and put into a port on the north -weft fide of Tegrawittee, but a few years before, the Endeavonr, which they always diflinguifh by calling it Tnpia's ihip; and that the captain of her had a child by a woman of the country, who was now about the age of the other boy, «i//«. nine or ten years. From this young New Zealander they alfo learned, thi^t there are in that country fnakes and lizards of a moil enormous fize^ which fometimes feize and devour men. He defcribed the latter as about eight feet in length, and a$ much round as a man's body. They could not miilake his meaning, notwithiftanding no fuch thing has ever been feen by any Ettropean who vifited that country ; for he drew with his own hand a very good reprefentation both of a fnake and a lizard. Some few other particulars concerning this country sind \^ natives, which were not known before, ace as follow :

' They

Cook*f Voyage to thi Pacific Ocean, 59

They believe that the fouls of fuch as are killed in battle, and fheir flefh afterwards eaten by the enemy, are doomed to perpetual ^ ; while the fouls of thofe who die a natural death, or whofe bo- dies are preferved from fuch ignominious treatment, afcend to the habitations of the gods. The common method of difpoiing of their dead is by interment in the earth ; but, if they have more of theic ilaughtered enemies than they can eat, they throw them into the fea. They have no fuch things as morais, or other places of public wor« Ihip ; nor do they ever aflemble together with this view : but thejr have priefts who alone addrefs the Deity in prayer for the proiperity pf their tempioral affairs, fuch as an enterprize againft a hoftile tribe, a fiihing party, or the like. Polygamy is allowed ; and it is not un«» ^mmon for a man to have two or three wives.

On the a5th they weighed, and failed out of the found ; andi^ as foon as they had cleared Cook's Streights, fleered Eafl by Nortb^ with a fine gale. Soon after they lofl fight of the land, the two New Zealand adventurers being overtaken by the fea-ficknefs, which in all probability gave a turn to their reflexions, began to liqpent heartily of the flep they had taken. All the foothing encou? ragement their new friends could adminiHer availed but little. They wept, both in public and in private ; and made their lamentations- ip a kind of fong, which, as far as the meaning of the words could he comprehended* was expreilive of the praifes of their own country 9nd people, from which they were to be feparated for ever. Thu^ they continued for m^ny days, till their ficknefs wore off, and the tumult of their mind^ began to fubfide. Then thefe fits of lamenta*' 6ptk became lefs and le^ frequent, and at length entirely ceafed. Their native country and their friends were, by degrees, forgotten, iiid they appeared to be as firmly attached to our people, as if the/ bad been born among them.

They continued to make nearly an eafterly courfe, without any ac- cident intervening worth notice, till the iiih of March; when, be* }ag in Lat. 39**^ S. and Long. 196^ £• the wind veered round to t)ie Eailward : they, however, continued to make fome Eafting, alonfi; with much Northing, until the 16th of the fame month, at ^hich time they were in 33** 40' S. and 198® 50' E. The wind then bc- c^edue £aft, and fometimes even to the northward of it, fo that they gpncr^lly ipade no better than a north coyrfe, and fometimes to t{ie \yeftvyard even of that. On the 27 (h they crofled the tropic of Ca- pricorn, ;n Long. 201^ 23^ E. and on the zgth they faw land, which f{is foon foi)nd to be inhabited ; ai^d fome of the inhabitants came off towards fhe il^ip ; one of which, after much entreaty and encou- ragement, went pn board her. They appear to be the fame race which is found at ptaheite and the Friepdly Ifles, their language, manners, and drefs, t)eipg not greatly different. The ifland is full five leagues in circuity $)f a moderate and pretty equal height through- one, and its (hores guarded with a reef of coral rock, in thofe parts, at leafl, which Captain Cook was pn. He fays that it appeared ca- pable of fupplying all their waiits ; but they fount) no anchorage, tor place fit to land at. Its name i$ fifiingeeay and its iltuation Lat. 2i*57' $• and Long. 201** 53' E.

They

6o CookV Voyage to the Pacific Ocean.

They left Mangeea on the 30th, and at noon the next day faw ano^ ther ifland, bearing N. E. byN. They came abreaft of it next morn* ing, and then faw another right a-head. The former being the larger| and about the fize of that they had left, they made for it ; bat the wind b.ing fcant, as well as contrary, they were two leagues from it the next morning. However, being in great want of fodder for fbeir cattle, Captain Cook fent two boats, armed, to look for An- chorage and a landing-place ; and flood after them as fad as he qould. Soon after the boats left the fhip, feveral canoes were fccn coming from the fhore. Three of them, each conduced by a iingle nan, came along-fide the Refolution ; and, with a little perfuafion,. one of them made his canoe fail to the ihip, and went on board her ; SHid the other two^ encouraged by his example, foon followed him. Several other canoes foon after came from the fhore, one of which brought a prefent from the chief of the ifland, exprefsly for Captain Cook, whofe name he had learned from Omai, who went in the feoats that were fent to feek anchorage. • Thefe victors were afraid to come near the cows and horfes, nor could they form the leafl coiKeption of their natures ; but the fheep and goats, they pre- tended, did not furpafs the limits of their ideas, as they gave as to nnderfland that they knew them to be birds. It will appear,^ adds Captain Cook, ' incredible that human ignorance coald ever xxMike fo llrange a miflake ; as there is not the mofl diflant fimilitude* between a fheep or goat and a winged animal. But thefe ^people iircmed to know nothing of the exiftence of any land animals befides hfogs, dogs, and birds. Our fheep and goats, they could fee, were iiery different creatares from the two firft, and therefore they in£uv 7cd chat they mufl belong to the latter clafs, in which they kneiv] fbere is a confiderable variety of fpecies.'

In the afternoon the boats returned ; and Lieutenant Gore was of eptnion that much good food might be got for the cattle, if boatt viTeYe fent to lie jufl without the furf, by prevailing on the natives to Iring off to them fuch articles as were mofl wanted. Captain Cook llifpatched lieutenant Gore with three boats to try the experiment» wiuch he was the rather induced to do, as there was little or no wind, and therefore the delay of a day or two was of little momefct 9 and as he had reafon to believe he could depend on Mr. Gore's dili<« gence and ability, he left it entirely to him to a£l, as from circum-i flance»he fhould judge to be proper. The fhip's beine a full league, from the ifland when the boats put off, and having but very little wind, it was noon before they could work up to it. They then iaw the boats riding jufl without the furf, and a prodigious number ©f the natives on the fhore, abreaft of them. From this circum.- jlance they concluded that fome of the gentlemen had landed. The whole afternoon was fpent without any of the boats returning, during all which time Captain Cook kept plying to and from, as near the rtei us prudence would permit, with a view of being as near at hand as poilible, if any improper ufe fhould be made by the iKiiives of the confidence which, it now plainly appeared, had been put in them. The natives, however, kept coming off to the fhips, wiih a few cocoa-nuts ; and thefe occauonal viiits ferved to lefien

the

Cook*j Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. 6 1

tlie folicitude of thofe on board for their companions who were on fliore, as their venturing on board Teemed to imply, at lead, that their countrymen had no bad intentions towards them. At length* 7L tittle before fan-(et, ihey had the fatisfadion to fee the boats pot off; and, when they got on board, it was foand that Mr. Gore himfelf, Omai, Mr. Anderfon> and Mr. Burney, were the only per- sons who had landed.

Mr. Anderfon, wte narrates the tranfaflions of the day, fays, ' We deterauned to go on ihorc unarmed, to create a greater confi- dence in the natives, and thereby run the hazard of being treated ill or wdL Mr. Bumey and I went in one canoe, a little before the others ; and when we landed, an iflander took hold of each of us, but obviouHf with no other intent than to fupport us in walk- ing over the rugged rocks to the beach ; .where feveral others met us, holdin|; green boughs in their hands, and they faluted us by ap- plying their nofes to ours. We were led from the beach by our gindes,*tlu-ocigh a great crowd of people, who flocked with eager ca- iiofity to look at us, and through whom we fhould not have made owway, if thofe who attended us, and feemed to be of authority, had not dealt blows, with little diAindion, among them. We were led up an avenue of cocoa-nut trees, and foon came to two rows of meat with clubs, which they relied on their (houlders, as we do snuiquets, and between which we were led till we came to a perfon who fat fanning himfelf, and feemed to be a chief. This man we were defired to falute, which we did, and then proceeded on, amongft the men armed with clubs, until we came to a fecond chief, who likewife fat crofs-legg'd on the ground, fanning himfelf. la the fame manner we were condu£led to a third, who feemed older than either of the others. After faluting him