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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTOA pprce
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THE ANNALS
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MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF TILE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITII LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTI’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )
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VOL. X.—SEVENTH SERIES. A “a PO N-D:O'N : ce
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1902.
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“Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini; ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper saestimata ; & veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper iniimica fuit.”—Linyavs.
* Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckngr, Théoric du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.
oben boo 0 oo o Jie gale joer: Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,
, 7 d OA AUERE § QFLAMMAM,.
CONTENTS OF VOL. xX:
[SEVENTH SERIES, ]
NUMBER LY.
Page
I. Notes on Scottish Crustacea. By Tuomas Scort, F.LS. Pee el sit AG sone Valin se hua DN NOTE nee es
Il. Descriptions of some new Species of African Solifuge and
wnenee., By th. I. Pocock. (Plates 11. & II.)... 0.60: semen es III. Notes on some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. By ff. Conve and C) MERESCHKOWSKY 2.0.00. .e bee cees ee neces 27 IV. On the Genus Latrodectus, Walck. By FREDERICK PICKARD Sema GHG ERA EY Zi, Si, rae e heele whe WParaln «(ata in tolsrereela'nia\arelara tales abe 38 V. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station —X UI. On the Bees of the Family Nomadide of Ashmead. By T. D. A. Cocmmrenm and EMERSON ATKINS ....ncc0csescncenensnsects 40 VI. New and little-known Species of Eastern and Australian Moths. By Colonel C. Swinnos, M.A., F.LS., &. 22.2... eee 47 VII. Descriptions of a new South-African Galeid Selachian. By SE SeOOULENGER PRS. (Plate. TV.) eines ccc cnet ese mes 51 VIII. Further Remarks on the Carboniferous Ganoid, Benedenius deneensis, Traquair. By G. A. Boutenaer, F.R.S. ............ 52 IX. Notes on the Phyllostomatous Genera Mimon and Tonatia. SRsgreae He EPUSE TG EM AGE CNIS Fog) goa: an a) gs 0! sg arse akacw a graven dh dh-cberenm «4pm, 0% 0) wi0. 6 53 X. Descriptions of new Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera from pieehasia nis, Assam, By P. CAMERON cic. ccee ne eeae nes o4 XI. Diagnoses of new Cichlid Fishes discovered by Mr. J. E. 8. Moore in Lake Nvasa.' By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. .......... 69 New Books:—Paleontologia Indica. Series XVI. Vol. L. Part 3. Fauna of the Upper Cretaceous (Maéstrichtian) Beds of the Mari Hills. By Frirz Norr.ine, Ph.D., Paleontologist, Geol. Surv. India.—Notes on the Morphology of the Pelecypoda. By Frirz Norrie, Ph.D., F.G.S. Paleontologia Indica, New 71—78
WERICRHMVOle leer Arten, CAA Sco cacitelned QAO AT Ahn hae vee
Proceedings of the Geological Society ....c..ceesseee ee eeeee (ONG
1V CONTENTS.
NUMBER LVI.
Page XII. Descriptions of new Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Whasia Hills, Assam, By PC AMMRON | 5. rne ei: ap tee 77
XITI. Some Notes on Nomenclature. By Freprmnick Pickarp CAMBRIDGE, B.A, (F-ZS. ct. s ves cnclecka 1 shale eee ene ee ee 89
XIV. The Morphology of the Madreporaria.—II. Increase of Mesenteries in Madrepora beyond the Protocnemic Stage. By J. E. DvERDEN, Ph.D., A.R.C.Sc, (Lond.), Bruce Fellow, Johns Hopkins University gas oo csh «3. lavas aces ttehels Ste ee pete ee 96
XV. A Revision of the Fishes of the Family Stromateide. By Cy Tare REGAN, IBVAL 4. ce cica aloe se tle eels ae uniter a eiein te een 116
XVI. On the Pelvic Fins in the Postlarval and Young Stages of Onus mustela (the Five-bearded Rockling), By Davin M. Pavt, Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, (Plate V.) ............ 132
XVII. Notes and Descriptions of some Dynastide from Tropical America, chiefly supplementary to the ‘ Biologia Centrali- Americana.’ By GirsERr J; ARROW, EeEuS: (yee eos ye nines enn eee 137
XVIII. Notes on the Classification of Teleostean Fishes.—II1. On the Systematic Position of the Genus Lampris, and on the Limits
and Contents of the Suborder Catosteomi. By G. A. BouLENeEr, BAR Se Gets cas cae eee see ee ees re ws a nlererr es or ie eee 147
XIX. Descriptions of Two new South-American Apodal Batra- chians:~ ByiG.fA. BOULENGER ROR Sites oo scl rhe rt ee 152
XX. Description of a new Cyprinodontid Fish from Eastern Peru. By GAS BOUDENGER, ERIS Mo ienier eyelet rcie ben nt 153
XXI. The Stridulating-organ in the Egyptian Beetle, Graphipterus PaRLEGULUs.. Dyk, Ls PO COCK Waray a oiel eal os eee ia. epee 154
XXII. On Marmosa marmorata and elegans, with Descriptions of new Subspecies of the latter. By OLprirLp THoMas ,......... 168
XXIII. The Genet of the Balearic Islands. By OLDFInLD THomas. 162
XXIV. On Two new Mammals from China. By OLprreip THOMAS) ARIS) 5 SGC ise eeronte Wiese lout lotleke ec Geen Pcactenene tate aia 163
XXV. A new Vole from the Lower Yang-tse-kiang. By OLDERINLD ULHOMASE 9.) pape cet etee spiel ech teria ire eee 166
XXVI. Diagnosis of a new Central-American Porcupine. By ODGMRIEUD EHOMAS, 7 oie. cut eg mi tanpene aoe eee ee ab egeealle ies sete 169
New Book :—Paleontologia Indica, Series IX. Vol. II. Part 2. The Jurassic Corals of Cutch. By J. W. Greeory, D.Sce., (Ch. ee Rae RaOE ais GO SU a Or ork ee oh oce 170
CONTENTS. Vv
NUMBER LVII. Page XXVIII. Rhynchotal Notes.—XIV. Heteroptera: Families Hydro- metride, Henicocephalide, and Reduviide (part.). By W. L. Da MENT Cee RU ee een ete oy aP, Miccckorelet Eigse sisicie.s.¢ sf aekas so. ues 173
XXVIII. A Revision of the Fishes of the Family Stromateide. By SE aPIUAC iL Leta Nea eee ae ete ahd suis shacks Gh scree Wiestedencas hv Sade s 194
XXIX. On the Hymenoptera collected by Mr. W. L. Distant in the Transvaal, South Africa, with Descriptions of supposed new
Species. By Lieut.-Colonel C.T. BINGHAM ..............00008: 207 XXX. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By
Kerem Nerney eM Ea eer NS ad cate «1 ) oY 6 days &: Aula hos oh al 'ela Alex's ead Grarere Blowin oa 223 XXXI. Descriptions of Five new Species of Locustide from South
souaniemy, TENN hel) mel Ca sheh chal al Dis ON Ds eae ee ee 239 XXXII. A new Dik-Dik from British East Africa. By OLDFIELD
1 TESTE. 20.2 nih cg ERASE NOCHE NEES ODEO LCE Ea ae oe 242
XXXII. On a new Monkey from Nyasaland. By OLprreLp TORR. I TAS. SR Le ee ee oer 2 ano tee ne an 243
XXXIV. On Two new Hares allied to Oryctolagus crassicaudatus. By OLDEIELD: THOMAS 4). 20.065 0p 5s 400s oie se Gates ose 244
XXXV. New Forms of Saimirt, Oryzomys, Phyllotis, Coendou, and Giclopess By OLD RENTED) LOMAS 6 oooc5's wa ssiw-os wieyeie ee 6 we ate wove 246
XXXVI. On the Panda of Sze-chuen. By Otpriretp THomas,. 261
XXXVII. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. —No. XXIII. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
(CATE U CAG A) einai Re ee cb Miat a's Cad the: SRN EY ura fata Wear Mats ape cahs 252 XXXVIII. List of the Fishes collected by Mr. W. L. 8S. Loat at Gondokoro., By G; A. BOULENGER,, FURS... 5 cceseees ea sc seems 260
NUMBER LVIII. XXXIX. On new Species of Histerida and Notices of others. By
Aira learenat Set eis Osea eral ers sts ws) 6 eyeis-+. sis, Sade slaves OR ee wey 6 as 265 XL. On the Systematic Position of Zuwvarus imperialis, Rafinesque.
Eee ee Ee EUG AN pst ate cidvcl stoic civ aldapehe (ten ww dialad saelain’s elec 278 XLI. Rhynchotal Notes.—XV. Heteroptera: Family Reduviide
(continued), Piratine and Ectrichodine. By W.L. Distant ..., 282
XLII. Notes on the Classification of Teleostean Fishes.—IV. On the Systematic Position of the Pleuronectide. By G. A. BoULENGER, IPLIR SE —g:a'o'6o-b Sid: CONOR ee ea CIS CTE AICI ONG eee 295
XLUI. A new Arrangement of the existing Species of Equide, with the Description of a new Subspecies of “ Zebra.” By R. I, eae PT aay cr el alate) si iNi's iS Avesta 9) opera) ee We wel eve.» WSS wl» on 504
vl CONTEN Page
XLIV. On the East-African Representative of the Bongo and its Generic Position, By OLpFieLp Tuomas, F.R.S. .............. 309
XLY. On some new Forms of Ofomys. By OLp¥rietp THomas.. 311
XLVI. Some new African Spiders. By R.I. Pocock ........ 315 XLVIL. Descriptions of Two new Coleoptera of the Family Bu- prestide. By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE, FES. ,......20+..00000s 350
XLVIII. Description of Two new Helicoid Land-Shells. By GOK GupE, FAZiSs wot oe be oc ne tee oe ete ee 332
New Bovks :—International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. First Annual Issue. ©. Botany. Vol. I. Part 1.—The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Edited by W. T. Buanrorp. Rhynchota. Vol. I. (Heteroptera), By W.L. Disrant.—Paleeontologia Indica. Series XV. Hima- layan Fossils. Vol. III. Part 1. Upper Triassic Cephalopod Faunee of the Himalaya. By Dr. Epmunp Mogssisovics, EpLEM von Mogsvar, Imp. Acad. Vienna, &c. Translated by Dr. AntHUR H. Foorp, F.G.S,, and Mrs. A. H. Foorp.— Paleontologia Indica. Series XVI. Baluchistan. Vol. I. The Jurassic Fauna. Part 1. The Fauna of the Kellaways of Mazar Drik. By Frirz Nortiine, Ph.D., F.G.S., &e. ...... 333—340
NUMBER LIX.
XLIX. Notes on the Natural History of East Finmark. By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.RS., F.LS. ...... d4l
L. On a new Species of Paramithrax from New Zealand. By
Grornge M. THomson, F.L.S. (Plates VII. & VIIL)............ 361 LI. A Contribution to the Systematics of Scorpions. By R. IL. PGC OC re ten eases oie ae lod Diegsus. eis alan nels bh ee ee B04 LI. Description of a new Genps and Species of Apterous Locust from Heuador. “By W..F.) Kirey, F°1L.S; FESS. .02.6 3.2 a: eee 380 LIU. The Morphology of the Madreporaria,—III. The Signifi- cance of Budding and Fission. By J. Kh. Durrpen, Ph.D., A.R.C.Se. (Lond.), Bruce Fellow, Johns Hopkins University “7-59 s.5 emer 382
LIV. Descriptions of new Batrachians and Reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. By G. A. Boutenerr, F.RS. ...... 304
LV. On the Genns Ateleopus of Schlegel. By G. A. BouLENGER, HARES Ameen essai RAP OEY oh SNe SESS
LVI. A new Rhynchocyon from Nyazaland. By OLpFiEeLp THOMAS © Peis ci ce slewe see eu se + sie ee ena eee e ea
LVII. On new Species of South-African Curculionide of the Genus Hipporrhinus, Schén. By Guy A. K. Marsuatt, F.Z.5. .. 404
403
CONTENTS, Vil
Page LVIII. The Specific Name of the Okapi presented by Sir Harry Johnston to the British Museum. By E. Ray Lanxester, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Director of the Natural History Department of the SUE WYSE Eno bp nce oe ae ea ee 417
New Books :—Paleontologia Indica. New Series. Vol. I. Part 3. Fauna of the Miocene Beds of Burma. By Frrrz Norriine, Ph.D., F.G.S., Paleontologist, Geological Survey of India.— Biologia Centrali-Americana. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Vol. II. By G. C. Cuampion.—Gephyrocrinus Grimaldii, Crinoide nou- veau provenant des campagnes de la ‘ Princesse Alice.’ By R. Koruuer and F. A. BaTHER........ eee Petras teers 418—420
NUMBER LX.
LIX. Descriptions of new Fishes from the Collection made by Mr. EK. Degen in Abyssinia. By G. A. BouLenasr, F.R.S. ...... 421
LX. On new Species of South-African Cureulionide of the Genus Hipporrhinus, Schon, By Guy A. K. Marswatt, F.Z.8......... 439
LXI. On a Collection of Snakes from North-western Argentine and Bolivia containing new Species. By Dr. Ervan LONNBERG .. 457
LXII. Some Recent Additions to and Notes on the Crustacean Fauna of New Zealand. By Grorcr M. Tuomson, F.L.S, ...... 462
LXIII. Some Coccide from Mexico. By T. D. A. Cockrrert.. 465
LXIV. Notes on the Natural History of East Fininark. By Canon Aa we NoaHManN, MA: I CuL,., LL.D., BRS: POLS. li8 a. ic ee 472
LXV. On Five new Mammals from Arabia and Persia. By Oup- TORTS TOMAS. ie) ocs le) 2 cpaai gs. 2/24 sens Rew Dubos Cjone aeeae rece 487
LXVI. Two new Australian Small Mammals. By Onpririp TUES Solano tien ne arr Ceo RATE CO One Meera aa A ayert ao wwe 491
LXVII. On Azara’s “Chauve-souris onziéme” (Myotis ruber, Geoff.) and a new Species allied to it. By OLpriretp Tuomas ..,, 493
LXVIII. Description of a new Snake of the Genus Pseudechis from Queensland. By G. A. BouLencsr, FBS. «1.0.6... eee eee 494
LXIX. New Eastern Heterocera. By Colonel C. Swrynor, M.A., ERS OCR ice ars gies 0 ® SPR ey os stn cinta eye oo 4,8 wiles 5 495
LXX. Some Points in the Morphology and Classification of the Omiliones. By R. 1. Pocock. (Plates IX. & K.)..cce cece eee eee 504
Vill CONTENTS.
Page LXXI. On the Mole of the Roman District. By OLpriELp BRRRO MEAS is ahd Wafesne Jie-t-c 68 4.03918 odebaclt Ean eee 516
New Books :—First Steps in Photo-Micrography. A Handbook for Novices. By F. Martin Duncan, F.R.H.S.—Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the ‘Southern Cross’ ..........e0e005 517
Note on the Hesteride (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1902, vol. x. p. 273), byGhs ewig MELAS... 0.0 cdg aiacsieerdes eerie ee eee 519
PLATES IN VOL. X.
PuaTtE I. Scottish Crustacea. 10) III. | IV. New South-African Galeid Selachian. V. Pelvic fins of Onus mustela. VI. New species of Ceratocephala.
New African Solifugee and Aranez.
VII. | New species of Paramithrax. VIII. § 4 Morphology of the Opiliones.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, [SEVENTH SERIES.]
Uy escosccocnn-Eannoe per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ife sub undas ; Tte, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo. N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl,
No. 55. JULY 1902.
T.—Notes on Scottish Crustacea. By Tuomas Scort, F.L.S.
[Plate I.]
(1) ISOPoDA.
Pleurocrypta longibranchiata (Bate & Westwood), G. O. Sars. (Pls 1. figs. 1&2.)
"The female and male specimens of Plourcerypta represented by the figures 1 and 2 (Pl. I.) were obtained on a specimen of Galathea captured in the Clyde and sent to me by Mr. Alexander Patience, of Glasgow.
The female is nearly symmetrical in form, and its outline, seen from below, is somewhat ovate. The greatest width, which is near the anterior end, is equal to rather more than half the entire length ; the anterior end is broadly rounded, but posteriorly the body becomes gradually narrower and terminates in a small subquadrangular plate. The pleopods and uropods are considerably elongated, but the uropods are
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. 1
2 Mr. T. Scott on Scottish Crustacea.
more slender than the other appendages, as shown in the figure (fig. 1).
The male is somewhat depressed, and when viewed from above is nearly cylindrical. It is very nearly 2 millim. long and its breadth is equal to fully one third of the entire length ; the forehead is broadly and evenly.rounded; the metasome consists of an entire piece of a triangular form, the apex of which is somewhat blunt-pointed.
Both the female and male of this Clyde parasite agree very well with the description and figures of Pleurocrypta longi- branchiata as given in Prof. G. O. Sars’s recently published monograph on the Norwegian Isopoda*, but they differ slightly from the description and figures of the same species in vol. ii. of ‘ British Sessile-eyed Crustacea’ by Bate and Westwood f, the difference being more marked in the male than in the female; the last-mentioned authors in their description of the male state that the ‘ pleon (metasome of G. O. Sars) is composed of an elongate ovate-conic piece, in which the segments are fused together,’ and their figure of the male corresponds with the description. Notwithstanding this difference and the proportionally narrower form of the female, Professor G. O. Nars believes that the species described by him ‘‘is identical with that described in ‘ British Sessile- eyed Crustacea’ as Phryaus longibranchiatus.” It may be remarked that M. Bonnier, in his excellent monograph f, while accepting the identification of the learned author of the ‘Crustacea of Norway,’ does so with a certain amount of reserve.
The Galathea on which the Pleurocrypta recorded here was obtained appeared to be somewhat immature; at first I thought it might ke the Galathea nexa, Embleton, the species on which G. O. Sars obtained his specimens of Pleurocrypta longibranchiata; but I am now inclined to ascribe it to the more common (Cralathea dispersa, Spence Bate; it agrees better with this species in the form of the rostrum than with either G. neza or G. squamifera, Leach, which belong to the same group as G. dispersa. In an interesting monograph of the “Galatheide des Cétes de France” by M. Jules Bonnier §, the author divides Galathea into three groups :— Ist, species furnished with an epipodite on the first pair of
* ‘Crustacea of Norway,’ vol. ii. p. 206, pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 2 (1898).
+ ‘British Sessile-eyed Crustacea,’ vol. 11. p. 246 (1868).
{ ‘Contribution 4 l’Etude des Epicarides: les Bopyride,’ p. 316 (1900).
§ ‘Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique’ (1888), pp: 85-95.
Mr. T. Scott on Scottish Crustacea. 3
thoracic feet only ; this includes only one species, Galathea intermedia, Lilljeborg. 2nd, species furnished with epipo- dites on the first three pairs of thoracic feet; this group comprises G. squamifera, G. newa, and Gt. dispersa. 3rd, species without epipodites on the thoracic feet; only one Galathea (G. strigosa, Fabr.) belongs to this group. Our Galathea belongs to the middle group, but the second and third joints of the third maxillipeds differ somewhat in their proportional lengths from the three species composing the group. I am inclined, however, to ascribe it to the last one, as the form of the rostrum agrees more closely with the rostrum of that species.
Pleurocrypta Patiencei, sp. n.
(PI. I. figs. 3, 4.)
This Pleurocrypta was obtained ona specimen of Caridion Gordont (Spence Bate) dredged in the Clyde by Mr. Alex- ander Patience, of Glasgow, who kindly presented it to me, and in compliment to whom I have named it.
The parasite was attached, as usual, under the cephalic shield, and in the present instance on the left side, of the Caridion, and is represented by both male and female specimens.
The female is distinctly unsymmetrical, and measures about 4°6 millim. (nearly } of an inch) in length; the greatest width, which is near the middle, is equal to about two thirds of the length. The anterior end is obliquely truncate, while posteriorly the sides converge somewhat evenly and terminate in a bluntly rounded apex. The cephalon is deeply immerged in the first segment of the meso- some, and in this respect the female resembles a female Bopyrus or Bopyroides. he uropoda consist of two small elongate-oval plates, similar to those of Pleurocrypta micro- branchiata, G. O. Sars (P. intermedia, Giard and Bonnier), and the pleopoda are also, as in that species, scarcely developed.
The male is subcylindrical and moderately narrow (fig. 4) ; its entire length is about 1°6 millim. (,!; of an inch) and its greatest width is equal to rather more than one third of the length. The head is small, being scarcely one sixth of the entire length; it is broadly rounded in front and rather narrower than the next segment. ‘The segments of the mesosome, though distinct, are not widely separated from
each other, and they are all of nearly equal size. The meta- 1#
4 Mr. 'T’. Scott on Scottish Crustacea.
some, as in the males of other Pleurocrypti, is composed of one piece ; at the proximal end it is about as broad as long, but the sides, which are broadly but slightly unequally rounded, converge posteriorly and terminate in a minute sharp-pointed apex, as shown in the drawing.
So far as know, Pleurocrypta Patiencet appears to be the first Bopyrid parasite that has hitherto been recorded from Caridion Gordoni, and this is the more interesting from the fact. that these parasites have been so carefully and exhaus- tively studied by such eminent investigators as Prof. Giard and M. Bonnier in France and Prof. G. O. Sars in Norway.
Pleurocrypta cluthe, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)
I am indebted for this Bopyrid to the same gentleman who sent me the species just recorded. Pleurocrypta cluthe was obtained on a specimen of Pandalina (Pandalus) brevirostris (Rathke) dredged in the Clyde on April 16th, and is probably identical with the form observed by Dr. (now Professor) J. R. Henderson in the branchial chamber of Pandalina brevirostris, and referred to by him under the general name of “ Bopyrus” in his work on “The Higher Crustacea of the Clyde” *, and which M. Jules Bonnier, in his monograph on the Bopyride already mentioned, ascribes doubtfully to the genus Pseudionet. It is not likely that M. Bonnier had at this time examined specimens of the Bopyrid referred to—at least he had not seen a specimen of a male, which, as will be shown, is different from the male of Pseudione.
The female is about 3°5 millim. (4 of an inch) in length, and in its general form, which is somewhat similar to Plewro- erypta Patiencet, is distinctly unsymmetrical. ‘The anterior end is obliquely truncate and the head deeply immerged in the first segment of the mesosome. The pleopoda are scarcely developed and the uropoda are very like those of Pleurocrypta Patiencet.
The male (fig. 5) is slightly over a millimetre in length and is elongate, narrow, and subcylindrical, its greatest width being scarcely equal to one third of the entire length. The cephalon is bluntly rounded in front and is somewhat narrower than the first segment of the mesosome, to which it appears to be closely applied; the segments of the mesosome are, for the most part, widely separated, as in the male of Pleuro- crypta Hendersont, Giard and Bonnier (P. marginata, G. O.
* Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg , Trans. vol. 1. (n.s.) p. 87 (1886). + ‘Les Bopyride,’ by M. Jules Bonnier, p. 800 (1900).
nad
Mr. T. Scott on Scottish Crustacea. 5
Sars). The metasome, which is undivided, is somewhat triangular in form and rather narrower than the segment of the mesosome to which it is articulated. The sides of the metasome converge gradually and equally to the blunt-pointed apex, as shown in the drawing, and its length is equal to about one fifth of that of the entire animal.
Pleurocrypta cluthe appears to some extent to combine the characters of P. [Hendersoni and P. Patiencet, the female being not unlike the female of the latter species, while, on the other hand, the male is very nearly similar to the male of the former.
All the three species I have recorded appeared to be fully mature.
(2) PAQUP AT EO Did. Tryphana Malmit, Boeck.
A single specimen of this somewhat rare Amphipod was obtained in the deep water about 9 or 10 miles off Aberdeen. Prof. G. O. Sars states that Boeck obtained his specimens at a considerable depth in the outer part of the Hardangerfjord in Norway, and that it has been taken by himself at three other localities *. Bovallius records its occurrence off the Feeroe Islands, and the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing in the North Atlantic, lat. 18° 8’ N., long. 30° 5’ W.; but apparently the only British record other than the present is ae of the Rev. A. M. Norman, who, on behalf of the late T. Edward, records it from Banff +.
It is customary by some learned authors to modify ‘ Try- phana,” the name adopted by Boeck, and use “Tryphena” instead ; but the Rev. ‘Tl’. R. R. Stebbing does not approve of the change, and considers that the name as used by Boeck ought to be retained.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Pleurocrypta longibranchiata (B. & W.), female. xX 16. Fig. 2. Ditto, male. x 38}.
Fy. 3. Pleurocr ypta Patiencei, sp. un. female. X 19.
Fig. 4. Ditto, male. x 383.
Fig. 5. Pleurocrypta clutha, | sp.n., male. X 77.
* ‘Crustacea of Norway,’ vol. i. p. 18. t+ Canon A. M. Norman, “ On British Amphipoda,” Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7) vol. v. (January 1900).
6 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
Il.—Descriptions of some new Species of African Solifuge and Avanex. By R. IL. Pocock.
[Plates II. & III.)
WITtH the exception of the first species mentioned in this paper, all the new forms here recorded have been received within the last few years from South Africa. Most of them were collected by Miss Leppan. Those obtained by Mrs. White were sent to the British Museum by Dr. Schonland, Curator of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown.
Order SOLIFUG “i. Genus Dasta, Koch.
Desia bellula, sp.n. (PI. IL. figs. 1, 1a.)
? .— Colour. Mandibles yellow, with dorsal brown stripes ; head brown, with oval yellow median patch; abdomen yellowish, with three narrow tergal stripes; palpi from the distal half of the femur to the end infuscate; first and second legs only weakly infuseate, third and fourth (especially the fourth) more strongly infuscate, except at the base and apex, which are pale.
Carapace a little shorter than patella of fourth leg, equal to that of palp, a little shorter than tibia and tarsus of palp. Of the four distal teeth on the upper jaw of the mandible the first is smaller than the second, the second and fourth are about equal and largest, and the third smallest ; oue intermediate tooth on the lower jaw.
Palpi entirely without spines, clothed with short hairs and long bristles, which, at least on the lower border of the patella, show a symmetrically paired arrangement.
g .—Smaller than female, but like it in colour except for the indistinetness of the mandibular bands.
Carapace only about two thirds the length of the patella or tibio-tarsus of palp.
Flagellum oval, with narrowed upcurled extremity, its dorsal border folded over, and a small tuft of short hairs at its proximal end. Upper jaw of mandible furnished with a deep oval hollow behind the terminal fang, which distally extends forwards as a narrow channel on each side of the fang, the two being separated by a longitudinal crest; the internal edge of the hollow deeply notched posteriorly, and behind the notch are some small teeth which precede the large principal
Species of African Solifuge and Aranee. 7
tooth ; behind the latter follow four subequal external cheek- teeth; lower jaw toothed as in the female. Patella of palp with long setee beneath; tibia with five inner and three outer strong spines at its distal end.
Measurements in millimetres.— 2. Total length 15; width of head 4; length of palpus 13:5, of fourth leg 20.
3d. Total length 13; width of head 2°5; length of palpus 15.
Loc. Kgypt: Wady Sikait (D. Macalister).
Evidently nearly related to another Kgyptian species, D. Ehrenbergi, Simon, which has a similar hollow on the upper jaw of the mandible. In the latter, however, the hollow is a complete oval, not divided in front and without a notch on its internal edge. The first long tooth, too, is rela- tively much shorter. The female seems to differ principally in colour from that of Lhrenbergi, tunetana, and velox.
Genus BROOMIELLA, nov.
Allied to Desza in having the tarsi of second and third legs bisegmented, the distal segment not half the length of the proximal, but differing in that the tarsus of the fourth is also bisegmented, with the distal segment one third the length of the proximal.
In Desia the segment that corresponds to the proximal segment of Broomiella has a couple of complete joints near its distal end, so that there are four distinct tarsal segments on the fourth leg.
Type Broomiella lineata.
Broomiella lineata, sp.n. (PI. IL. figs. 3, 3 a, 3 6.)
3g .—Colour. Carapace infuscate, mesially pale; tergites with three brown spots, forming a median and a right and left lateral stripe on the back; ventral surface and bases of appendages quite pale; palpi infuscate, legs also infuscate, with pale extremities; mandibles with lightly defined dark stripes.
Width of carapace less than length of patella or tibia of palp, about equal to tibia of fourth leg.
Mandible with upper jaw strong, stout, distally pointed, hollowed out on its inner side, projecting nearly straight forwards, strongly toothed, the first tooth represented by a small excrescence, the second large, third minute, fourth long ; lower jaw with two long principal teeth, one minute inner tooth behind the proximal of these and one between them.
Flagellum with lower edge straight, upcurled, upper edge strongly convex proximally.
8 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
Palpi clothed with fine short hairs and furnished with long bristles; the tibia without cylindrical bristles, armed below with four pairs of spines or spiniform bristles; the three distal of these on the inner side and the one distal on the outer are short spines, and the rest are apically setiform.
Protarsus of third /eg armed with five upper spines and three inferior, two of which are apical, the other anterior ; the proximal tarsal segment with two anterior spines ; third leg similarly armed, except that two of the dorsal protarsal spines take a posterior position; fourth leg without the dorsal protarsal spines, but otherwise similarly armed with an additional small spine on the base of the proximal tarsal segment in front.
Second sternal plate of abdomen with numerous short and ks clavate bristles clustered on each side of the middle ine.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 14; width of head 3-5; length of palpus 15, of fourth leg 18 (both measured from base of femur).
Loc, Pearston, in Cape Colony (Dr. R. Broom).
A single male example.
Genus Ceroma, Karsch.
Ceroma pictulum, sp. n. (Pl. II. fig. 2.)
6 .— Colour yellow ; mandibles with three black stripes; carapace with black ocular tubercle, two ill-defined black stripes behind it and a broader irregular one on each side; abdomen with three sharply defined narrow black.stripes above; legs and palpi infuscate, pale basally, quite pale laterally and below.
Flagellum of male very long, reaching to the middle of the thoracic portion of the carapace, not curved inwards, but ending inaslightly enlarged tip, which appears to be minutely forcipate (?) ; base of flagellum on inner side protected by seven feathery bristles. Upper fang of mandible slender, excavated, lightly curved, armed with only two small teeth in addition to the cheek-teeth, one near the base and the other nearly halfway along the fang on the inner rim of the exca- vation. Lower jaw armed with two relatively small and close-set teeth, the distal of which is smaller; beyond the latter the cutting-edge is convex and sinuous. ‘Tibia of second and third degs with three dorsal spines. Pulvillus deeply cleft.
Total length 15 millim.
Lee. Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown (Miss Leppan).
Species of African Solifuge and Aranee. 9
Resembling C. Sclatert, Purc., in colour, spine-armature of second and third legs, deeply divided pulvillus, &e., but differing entirely in the weak dentition of the mandibles.
Order ARANE. Family Ctenizide.
Genus ACANTHODON, Guér.
Acanthodon ochreolum, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 5, 5 a.)
$ .—Of about the size, colour, and general appearance of A. Thorellit, Cambr. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 156, pl. viii. fig. 6; also Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) i. p. 320, 1898), but with the protarsus of the first leg arcuate in its basal half, with concavity looking inwards, geniculate just past the middle, the remainder of the segment running straight forwards ; the tibial spurs, too, are very unequal, the distal being long, twice as long as the proximal, which is short and conical; the tibia is armed beneath with four spines, the protarsus with two. Except that the patella and tibia are more inflated, the palpus has much the same form in the two species. Anterior median eyes much larger than in A. Thorellii, hardly more than half a diameter apart, less than a diameter from the posterior laterals, which are barely half their area.
Total length 9 millim.; carapace 3°5; first lee 13, fourth 13°5.
Loc. Jansenville (Miss Leppan).
Genus STASIMOPUS, Simon.
Stasimopus palpiger, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 4, 4 a@.)
$ .— Colour. Blackish above, the extremities of the palpi and anterior two pairs of legs distally pale; third and fourth legs yellowish brown, the basal half of each segment darker than the proximal ; lower surface pale.
Carapace granular, a little longer than tibia of first leg, equal to protarsus of fourth, shorter than patella and tibia of fourth. yes of anterior line a little procurved, subequal in size and subequally spaced; eyes of posterior line slightly recurved, small, subequal, the posterior lateral much smaller than anterior lateral and widely separated from it.
Labium and mawille unarmed,
Palpi unarmed, exceedingly long and slender, about three and a half times as long as carapace, and extending as far as the tip of the first pair of legs; the trochanter cylindrical,
10 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
four to five times as long as wide; the patella and tibia sub- equal and nearly as long as the femur; tarsus short, truncate ; organ as in fig. (Pl. II. fig. 4 a).
Legs of first and second pairs very long and slender, with tarsi scopulate and tibia and protarsi spined beneath ; tarsi with one or two spines only; claws with a single basally curved row of eight to ten teeth; third leg with a few short spines on the anterior side of the patella and of the tibia at its distal end; protarsus spined beneath; tarsus scopulate, claw with only two or three strong teeth at the base ; fourth leg with patella armed with short spines in front, a few also on the tibia; long spines beneath the distal end of the pro- tarsus and many spines on the tarsus, which is not scopulate and has the claws armed basally with a few large teeth and distally with some small denticles.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 10 ; carapace 5 ; length of palpus 19, of first leg 19, of second 15, of third 12°5, of fourth 19.
Loc. Graaf Reinet (Miss Leppan).
Apart from the greater length of its palpi and legs and less coarse sculpturing of carapace, the male of this species may be distinguished from that of S. ¢nsculptus, Poc., from King William’s Town (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vil. p. 289),
by the following amongst other particulars :—
a. Lateral eyes on each side separated by a space which
equals about the long diameter of the anterior and
twice the long diameter of the posterior ; posterior
medians less than their diameter from posterior
laterals and barely more than that from: anterior
Vaberals \j.)s a cuss unvcine oquist S10 wore cei oacorsetsitiewets .. isculptus, Poe. b. Lateral eyes on each side separated by a space whic
is much greater than the long diameter of the ante-
rior and about four times that of the posterior ;
posterior medians at least twice their diameter
from the laterals and about four times that from
the anterior Medians 9 iy, 5.510 shore slate sta re fetele palpiger, sp. n.
Stasimopus artifex, sp. n.
In disposition of eyes closely resembling S. oculatus, Poc., from Bloemfontein (P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 728), as also in the presence of spines on the apex of the protarsus of the third leg beneath and the presence of nearly a dozen spines, the anterior of which are regularly arranged, upon the apex of the infero-posterior side of the protarsus of the fourth leg; but differing in that the spines on the protarsus are only about six instead of about fifteen in number, and weak instead of
Species of African Solifuge and Aranex. En
strong. Moreover, the labium is furnished with eight cusps instead of two. The legs also are longer, the carapace being shorter and not longer than the patella+tibia+ protarsus of the second leg, and only slightly exceeding the tibia+ pro- tarsus of the fourth.
Total length 35 millim. ; carapace 15; second leg 28, its pat., tib., and prot. 163; fourth leg 33, its tibia and pro- tarsus 14:5,
Loc. Cuylerville, near Grahamstown (Dr. Schénland).
(The single specimen of this species bears the ticket “Collected Feb. 28th, 1898, by Mr. A. E. C. W.”)
Stasimopus Schénlandi, Poc. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 319, 1900), differs from S. oculatus and S. artifex principally in the following particulars :—The ocular area is typically relatively very flat, the tubercles of the anterior lateral eyes being small and low and the anterior median eyes but little raised. ‘The anterior laterals are, as a rule, small and no larger than the anterior medians or posterior laterals, and all the eyes are widely spaced, the distance between the anterior medians and laterals being equal to about three or four times the diameter of the clear area of the medians and always greater than the long diameter of the laterals. The distance between anterior median and anterior lateral about equal to that between the two laterals on each side. ‘The eyes, however, vary considerably, being larger, and therefore apparently much closer together in younger specimens than in the old. There are no spines on the apex of the underside of the protarsus on the third leg, and the comb on the postero- inferior side of the fourth protarsus consists of a compact single row of about six or seven spines. ‘The carapace is as long as the pat.+tib.+ prot. of first leg, longer than those of the second, and nearly as long as the tib.+prot.+tarsus of fourth.
Measurements in millimetres (of large specimen).—Total length 33; carapace 14°5; second leg 22°65, its pat.+ tib.+ prot. 13°5 ; fourth leg 33.
The British Museum has received a large number of speci- mens of this species from Grahamstown (Dr. Schénland) and Brak Kloof, near Grahamstown (Mrs. White).
Stasimopus astutus, sp. 0.
9 .—Very nearly allied to S. Schénlandi, but distinguish- able by the relative size of the eyes of the anterior line. he laterals transversely elongated, reniform, their long diameter exceeding that of the medians, the space between the lateral
12 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
and median generally noticeably less than the diameter of the median, and always less, generally very much less, than the long diameter of the lateral; distance between the anterior and posterior lateral eyes on each side much greater than that between the anterior lateral and anterior medians.
Loc. Pearston (Dr. Rk. Broom) and Jansenville (Miss Leppan).
Although the relative size of the eyes and the distances between them are subject to considerable variation both with age and individuals, the six specimens presenting the above- described features may be at once distinguished from all the examples of S. Schénlandi that I have seen.
The females of this genus known up to the present time may be diagnosed as follows :—
a, No comb of spines on apex of protarsus of fourth leg beneath on the posterior side ............+- rufidens, Auss. b. A comb of spines on apex of protarsus of fourth leg beneath on the posterior side. a’, Some spines on apex of protarsus of third leg beneath ; comb on fourth protarsus consisting of about a dozen spines, the anterior of which are irregularly arranged and intermixed with adjacent sete. a’. About fifteen strong spines on apex of third protarsus beneath ; labial cusps 2; legs SIWOLtOM ey er yorti tere give tee lces erste heer me etre beeien ye oculatus, Poe. b?, About half a dozen weak spines on apex of third protarsus beneath ; labial cusps 8; legs TONG ORI aici: se Ce CEE ee Pegged kbc artifex, sp. 0. b', No spines on apex of third protarsus beneath ; comb on fourth protarsus formed of a single definite series of 6-7 spines. a°®, Distance between the two lateral eyes on each side about equal to the long diameter of the posterior ; anterior laterals much larger than anterior medians, the space between them less than the diameter of the medians.. astwéus, sp. n. 6°. Distance between the two lateral eyes never less than twice the long diameter of the posterior, and that between the anterior median and lateral not less than twice the diameter of the anterior median .......... Schdnlandi, Poe.
Genus PELMATORYCTER, nov.
Allied to Cyrtauchenius, but with the ocular area scarcely narrowed in front, the posterior line of eyes only the merest fraction wider than the anterior.
Eyes of the anterior line a little procurved, the anterior
Species of African Solifuge and Aranez. 13
edge of the medians about their own diameter behind a line touching the anterior edge of the laterals.
Spinning-mamille longish, the second segment longer than wide, the third nearly or quite as long as the second and longer than wide, acuminate, all the segments of both pairs of mamille studded below with numerous stout spinning- papillae.
A rastellum of many spines on the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the patella of the fourth leg.
Type C. flaviceps, Poc.*
Pelmatorycter colonie, sp. n.
Colour yellowish brown; mandibles darker than head; femora of anterior legs and palpi much darker than distal portion of the appendages.
Carapace a little longer than patella, tibia, and tarsus of palp and than tibia and protarsus of fourth leg, about equal to tibia, protarsus, and tarsus of first leg, nearly one fourth longer than wide, the width about equal to the patella+ tibia of first leg.
Eyes of anterior line slightly procurved, subequally spaced, about a diameter of the medians apart, the laterals con- siderably larger than the medians and much larger than the posterior laterals, which are a little less than their own long diameter from the anterior laterals; posterior medians about midway between the anterior medians and posterior laterals.
Labium and maxille unarmed.
Mandible with an inner row of strong teeth and many . smaller teeth irregularly arranged in two or three rows on the fang-groove. Palpt and anterior legs weak; tibia of palp armed below with strong spiniform sete, the tarsus scopulate laterally and with a few spines below. Protarsus of first leg scantily scopulate, armed below with two basal and three distal spines, the tibia with only spiniform sete below; claws with two complete rows of six or seven teeth. Second leg like the first, but with only two inferior distal protarsal spines. Third leg with patella armed in front with many short spines and a few above ; tibia with many in front, four or five above, of which three form a definite series, and two or three distally behind, and one distal and setiform beneath; protarsus with two bands above, each consisting of about fourteen spines, three spines beneath (one proximal, two distal),and about three above the latter; tarsus with two rows of spines above, the anterior
* Cyrtauchentus flaviceps, Poc. P. Z, 8. 1898, p. 506, from British Kast Africa,
14 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
of three, the posterior of six, and with about eight spines below and in front. Fourth leg with its femur furnished distally above and in front with a rastellum consisting of many close- set curved spines; a few similar but shorter spines on the adjacent area of the patella; tibia with one setiform spine below ; protarsus and tarsus with numerous spines below and in front, the former with one or two superior spines and the latter with none or one. Claws of third and fourth legs reduced in number, but still showing biserial arrangement. Second segment of posterior spinners longer than wide ; third s@gment much longer than wide, nearly as long as the second and tapering.
Total length 18 millim. ; carapace 7 ; first leg 14, second 13, third 10°5, fourth 15:5.
Loc. Jansenville (Miss Leppan).
The two species of this genus known to me may be di- agnosed as follows:—
a. Space between anterior and posterior lateral eyes on each
side narrow, about one fourth only of the long diameter
of the posterior lateral, the anterior not much higher and
scarcely longer than the posterior ; protarsus of first and
second legs with 242 proximal spines; tibia of third
with 3 spines in front, the upperside of its tarsus with
Zaspines introntand | pehind 7.2.0. cl sea eer Jlaviceps, b, Lateral eyes very unequal in size, anterior much Jonger [ Poe.
and higher than posterior, space between them equal to
at least half the long diameter of the posterior; protarsi
of first and second legs with 1+1 proximal spines below ;
tibia of third with more than a dozen anterior spines, its [sp. n.
tarsus With 3-++5 spines above ........60ceecceessere colome,
Genus HERMACHASTES, Poc. FHlermachastes fuligineus, sp. n.
? .—Colour. Carapace and legs ashy black or ashy brown, upperside of abdomen paler ashy brown, without pattern of pale stripes; under surface pale.
Eyes of anterior line slightly procurved, subequally spaced, or the medians a little nearer the laterals than to each other, distance between them barely a diameter; laterals much larger than medians and larger than the posterior laterals, the space between them more than half the long diameter of the posteriors ; posterior medians close to posterior laterals, almost as large as anterior medians, from which they are separated by a space a little exceeding the diameter of the anterior medians.
Species of African Solifugee and Aranex. 15
Carapace slightly longer than pat.+ tib. of first or of fourth leg and than prot.+tarsus of these same appendages, dis- tinctly shorter than tib. + protarsus of these same appendages.
Protarsus of first and second /egs armed beneath with one basal, two submedian, and three apical spines, their tibice unspined.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 20; carapace 8 ; first leg 21, fourth leg 20.
Loc. Brak Kloof, near Grahamstown (Mrs. White).
This species differs from H, collinus, Poc. (Ann.& Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 319, 1900), from Table Mountain, principally in its uniformly blackish-grey colouring. The male will no doubt reveal other distinctive features.
Family Pisauride.
Thalassius Rossii, sp.u. (PI. ill. fig. 1.)
? .— Colour. Carapace castaneous, the whole of the middle of the upperside covered with a mixture of red and white hairs, the red predominating ; a broad rich dark brown band on each side extending from the sides of the clypeus, which is separated from the lateral border by a yellow band formed of red and white hairs, the white predominating. Legs marked above with brown and white; the patella and distal half of tibia brown ; femora of first and second whitish, of third and fourth white distally ; palpi covered with rusty-red hairs intermixed with white. Integument of upperside of abdomen yellow, thickly covered with a mixture of red and white hairs, the white predominating ; this pale field bounded laterally by a broad, sinuous, rich brown band; the whole of the under- side tolerably uniformly testaceous.
Carapace rather low, slightly raised in the cephalic region, very distinctly longer than broad, longer than tibia of fourth leg, about as long as that of first; ocular quadrangle very slightly narrowed anteriorly and slightly longer than wide. Anterior median eyes a diameter apart and about the same distance from the anterior laterals and a diameter and a half from the posterior medians, which are a little larger and barely a diameter apart.
Vulva transversely elongate, the lobes meeting in a longish median suture.
Measurements in millimetres.—T otal length 14; carapace 6 ; first leg 22, fourth leg 24.
Loc. Durban (A. Loss).
This species resembles in its mottled coloration some West-
16 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
African species, but is distinguishable from all by the form of the vulva &c.
Tn addition to the spider here described, Mr. Ross sent to Mr. W. L. Distant, who kindly handed them on to me to determine, examples of the following species from Durban :— Nephila pilipes, Cyrtophora citricola, Argyroepeira Antinorit, Aranea nautica, Sparassus Spenceri, and Sparassus rufilatus. With the exception of Aranea nautica and Sparassus rufilatus, all these species were recorded from Durban in my paper on the Arachnida of Natal published in 1898 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ti. pp. 197-226). Sparassus rufilatus is a particularly interesting capture, the species having been found previously only in the Cameroons. It was described by myself in 1899 (P. Z. 8. p. 878) from a single male example. Mr. Ross also sent a male example from Natal. Slight differences are observable in the size of the eyes between the two, but the differences are not sufficient to justify the formation of a new species for the Natal specimen on the material available for comparison. In the synopsis of West-African species of Sparassus published in the above- cited work S. rufilatus is erroneously accredited with three pairs of inferior tibial spines on the first and second legs and S. benitensis with two pairs, instead of the other way about.
Rothus lineatus, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)
As large as R. catenulatus, Sim. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii. p. 15, 1898), from Kimberley, and &. auratus, Poc., from Namaqualand. Colour variable, but apparently not different from that of a species from various parts of Cape Colony which I judge to be £&. vittatus, Sim. Distinguish- able from the other species by the form of the vulva.
In £. auratus and vittatus the rim of the vulva is thick and the median trilobate sclerite has its lateral lobes not im- pressed, and the anterior median fovea either scarcely invades the anterior border of the sclerite, which is thus superficially flat (wttatus), or extends only about as far as, or a little farther than, the middle of its area. In &. lineatus, on the contrary, the anterior fovea is large, semielliptical, and spreads backwards over the middle of the trilobate sclerite almost to its posterior border, dividing it completely into a right and left portion, each of which bears a deep impression; or perhaps the vulva might be appropriately described as having the median trilobate sclerite marked with three deep impressions; rim of vulva narrow, as compared with that of 2’. auratus and vittatus.
Species of African Solifuge and Aranez. 17
Ff. catenulatus of Simon, which is unknown to me, is described as having the vulva impressed with a hairy, semi- circular, posteriorly thickly marginate fovea.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 15 ; carapace 5 ; first and fourth legs 23.
Loc. Queenstown, Cape Colony (EZ. T. Wells).
The British Museum has specimens that I refer to R. vit- taius from Grahamstown (Dr. Schénland) ; Tea Fountain and Graaf Reinet (Idiss Leppan).
Spencerella signata, sp.n. (PI. III. figs. 4, 4a.)
? .—Colour. Carapace with a broad median white band, covered with olive-yellow hairs laterally, whiter towards the margin ; head and clypeus white; mandible covered with white hairs above ; legs with greyish whitish-yellow hairs ; upperside of abdomen with a broad median white band, olive- yellow at sides; under surface whitish, speckled; sternum with median white stripe.
Anterior lateral eyes more than two diameters apart, each about equidistant from its fellow and from the lateral angle of head; anterior medians small, a trifle more than a diameter apart and about two diameters from the posterior medians, whose radius they equal in size; quadrangle formed by the posterior median and anterior lateral eyes parallel-sided, about twice as long as wide, the anterior medians near the middle of the quadrangle, with their centres in a line with the inner edge of the posterior medians.
Vulva consisting of a subquadrate plate flanked on each side by an S-shaped sclerite, and with its anterior border deeply emarginate.
Measurements in millimetres.—T otal length 13 ; carapace 4; first leg 18, fourth leg 17.
Loc. Grahamstown (Dr. Schénland).
Distinguished from S. lineata, Poc., from Durban (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) i. p. 215, 1898), by having the anterior lateral eyes two diameters instead of one diameter apart, the anterior medians about a diameter instead of half a diameter apart, and only equal to the radius of the posterior medians, ec. (see Pl. III. fig. 5).
The genus Spencerella is very nearly related to Maypacius of Simon, which has representatives in tropical Atrica and Madagascar; but, according to Simon’s description of May- pacius, its species differ from those of Spenceredla in having only two instead of three teeth on the posterior border of the fang-groove. Maypacius has two months’ priority over Spencerella.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. 2
18 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
Euprosthenops pulchellus, sp. n. (PI. ILL. figs. 6, 6 a.)
Colour.— Integument of carapace deep brown, clothed with olive-black hairs, ornamented on each side with a narrow white stripe separated from the margin by a dark band exceeding it in width; cephalic region with a thin median stripe extending from between the posterior median eyes and a curved white line passing from the tubercles over the anterior median eyes; clypeus yellow, clothed with snow- white hairs; mandibles also yellow, naked below, and clothed externally and above with snow-white hairs; palpi and legs yellowish brown, clothed with a mixture of yellowish-brown and whitish hairs; coxe yellow, spotted, clothed with white hairs like the sternum, which is black with a large pale median spot; abdomen blackish above, clothed with dark olive hairs, the dark field relieved by a thin median and a marginal silvery sinuous line; sides of abdomen blackish and silvery, lower surface pale, silvered, with two indistinct yellow bands.
Eyes of ocular quadrangle subequal, the quadrangle very noticeably longer than broad, the posterior eyes more, the anterior less, than a diameter apart, the posterior twice their diameter from the tubercle of the posterior lateral eye; quadrangle formed by the four posterior eyes not much wider behind than it is long.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 11; carapace 5; first and second legs 20, third 18, fourth 24.
Loc. Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown (Miss Leppan, type) ; Graaf Reinet (Miss Leppan).
Apart from the difference in colour and the form of the vulva, this speciesis easily distinguishable from £. australis, Sim. In the latter the eyes of the ocular quadrangle are very unequal ; the ocular quadrangle is a little longer than wide, much nar- rowed in front, its anterior width being about half its posterior width ; the anterior median eyes are much smaller than the posterior medians ; posterior median eyes less than a diameter apart and about the same distance from the base of the tubercle of the posterior lateral eyes ; quadrangle formed by the four posterior eyes about twice as wide aslong, &c. Total length of adult female 24 millim.; carapace 9; fourth leg 50.
Family Palpimanide.
Palpimanus Leppane, sp. n.
@ .—At once distinguishable from the rest of the South- African species by the arrangement of the eyes; the posterior
Species of African Solifuge and Aranex. 19
line is straight and lies far back, the posterior medians are about five or six diameters apart, the distance between them is about two thirds the distance between either and the poste- rior laterals of the same side; median quadrangle very narrowed in front, very long, considerably more than twice as long as its posterior width and more than four times its anterior width. yes of anterior line close-set, procurved, lower edge of medians only a little higher than upper edge of laterals, which are much smaller; clypeus low, only about equal to the height of the quadrangle formed by the eyes of the anterior line, the laterals of which are about twice their diameter above it.
Length 7 millim.
Loc. Jansenville (Miss Leppan).
Family Drasside. Platyotdes pictus, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 7.)
§ .—Carapace and mandibles almost coral-red or pale yellow in the young; legs pale brownish red or yellow; abdomen ashy white, the upperside with a broad marginal black band and a median black, anteriorly bifurcating stripe ; sternum with a dark marginal band.
Anterior median eyes a little larger than the laterals, slightly more than a diameter apart, a little nearer to each other than either is to the lateral; posterior medians large, larger than the anterior medians, elliptical, a little more than their long diameter apart, about twice as far from the poste- rior laterals as from each other.
Mandible with tooth below.
Legs without spines or long hairs; tarsi and_protarsi lightly scopulate.
Horny plate of vulva impressed with a pair of semioval pits, opening behind and separated in front by a V-shaped process; between the lateral lobes of the vulva a somewhat tongue-shaped sclerite is traceable.
- Total length 8 millim. ; length of carapace 3, width 2°5.
Loc. ‘Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown, Cape Colony
(Miss Leppan). Platyoides Leppane, sp.n. (PI. IIT. fig. 8.)
? .—Colour, Carapace and mandibles deep blackish brown ; legs testaceous, infuscate beneath and at extremities ; sternum reddish brown, with a black rim; abdomen ashy or creamy white in alcohol, with a broad marginal black band and a median, posteriorly narrowing, black stripe. :
2%
20 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
Eyes of the anterior line subequal, medians barely a diameter apart and about three diameters from the laterals ; posterior medians small, smaller than anterior medians, about four diameters apart and nearly six diameters from the poste- rior laterals.
Mandibles armed below with two strongish teeth.
Legs bristly, more thickly hairy distally, the tarsi and protarsi of the anterior pairs lightly scopulate beneath, the bristles on the base of the legs on the upperside spiniform.
Area of vulva with a median T-shaped horny plate, the upright of the T pointed at the bottom, each half of the cross- bar lightly arched and curled backwards at the extremity, circumscribing a shallow, irregularly transversely oval de- pression.
g.—Like the female in colour. Legs longer. Palpus with patella and tibia short; tarsus large and inflated, furnished with a long filiform flagellum and below with a forwardly-directed spine ending in a small apical hook.
Measurements in millimetres.— 9 . Total length 11-5; length of carapace 4°5, width 3°8 ; first leg 12°5, second 15, third 13, fourth 14.
&. Length of carapace 3°5; length of first leg 14, of second 16, of third 13, of fourth 14:5.
Loc. Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown (Miss Leppan).
Differs from the foregoing and from P. laterigradus and pusillus in colour, in having two mandibular teeth, and in the form of the vulva.
Apart from their coloration, the four South-African species of this genus known to me may be distinguished as follows :—
a. Legs very smooth, without bristles or long hairs, clothed with short downy hair ; protarsi and tarsi of first and second pairs with scopula of clavate hairs.......... pictus, sp. n. b. Legs furnished with long bristles. a*, Eyes of anterior line not very unequally spaced, distance between median and lateral a little more than the diameter of the median; tibia and pro- tarsus of first leg spined below................4. pusillus, Poe. b?. Eyes of anterior line very unequally spaced, distance between median and lateral at least twice the diameter of the median; no spines, only bristles on the tibia and protarsus of first leg. a*, Tibia and protarsus of first and second leg with short scopula of clavate bristles; distance be- tween median and lateral eye on each side about [Poe. twice the diameter of the median ............ laterigradus, }*. Tibia and protarsus of first and second leg without scopula; distance between median and lateral eye , on each side about three times the diameter of [sp. n. the median... ..f...=s ah ace Sige ie Leppane,
Species of African Solifuge and Aranee. 21
Family Heteropodide. Selenops Marshalli, sp. n. (PI, II. fig. 6.)
3 .—Colour. Integument ochre-brown, covered with a mixture of golden-yellow and blackish hairs; legs mixed with blackish.
Eyes as in S. atomartus and Spencert; those of the median quadrangle strongly recurved, the posterior medians twice the diameter of the anterior medians, with their lower edges only a little lower than the upper edges of the anterior medians, the latter equidistant from each other and from the edge of the clypeus, 7. e. a little more than their own radius ; anterior lateral standing high above the edge of the clypeus, about on a level with the lower border of the posterior medians.
Tibize of first and second legs with seven pairs of inferior spines, protarsi with three pairs.
Palp with its tibia armed with four apophyses—one infe- rior, large, and irregularly quadrate ; one projecting externally almost at right angles and somewhat conical in shape; and two much thinnerand somewhat spiniform, which run forwards to abut against the outer side of the base of the tarsus—of these the outer is blade-like, straighter and shorter, being a little more than half the length of the inner, which is sinuous and upcurled apically ; to abut against its upcurled apical portion the tarsus is furnished externally and basally with a distinct angular prominence.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 11; length of carapace 5:5, of first leg 26, of second 28°5, of third 30.
Loc. Estcourt (4000 feet), in Natal (G. A. K. Marshall).
Selenops Whitee, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 7.)
g.—Nearly allied to the foregoing, but distinguishable by the structure of the palpal spurs &c. The lower tibial apophysis has a much wider and deeper notch on its outer side near the base, and its distal edge, instead of being straight and transverse as in S. Marshalli, is more oblique, the whole apophysis being longer than in that species; the external apophysis, moreover, has its apex not curved down- wards and forwards, but directed straight externally ; of the two forwardly-directed apophyses the outer is thinner, more cylindrical, and less blade-like than in S. Marshalli, while the inner has its upper margin convex in its basal half and concave in the distal, not evenly concave throughout as in S. Marshalli; and, lastly, in S. Whitee there is no
22 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
angular prominence on the base of the tarsus, only a small excrescence,
Measurements in millimetres.—TYotal length 12; cara- pace 5°5; first lez 29, second leg 30, third leg 32, fourth leg 36°5.
Loc, Brak Kloof, near Grahamstown (J/rs. White).
Selenops Schénlandi, sp. un. (PI. III. fig. 15.)
Resembling S. atomarius, Sim., in having five pairs of inferior tibial spines on the first and second pairs of legs *, but much larger and with the eyes of the median quadrangle less strongly recurved, the posterior medians one fourth larger than the anterior medians, standing less than their own diameter above the clypeus, with their lower edge about on a level with the centres of the latter; the distance between the anterior medians a little greater than their radius and a little greater than the distance between the anterior and posterior medians.
Vulva consisting of a horny plate, marked on each side posteriorly with a crest twisted like a ram’s horn, and sepa- rated by a median quadrate area which anteriorly expands and is furnished with a right and left anguliform prominence. In atomardus the crests are sinuous or lightly sigmoid, without the strong ram’s-horn curvature.
Total length 16 millim.; carapace 6°5.
Hab. Cape Colony, Jansenville (Dr. Schénland, type) and Pearston (Dr. Broom); Graaf Reinet (JMiss Leppan).
The British Museum has examples of S. atomartus from Port Elizabeth (/7. A. Spencer and Dr. Broom) and from Brak Kloof, Grahamstown (Mrs. White).
The African species of Selenops occurring south of the Zambesi may be grouped as follows by the spine-armature of their anterior legs :—
A. Protarsiof first and second legs with 2 pairs of spines ; tibize with 3 pairs.......... radiatus, Latr. B. Protarsi of first and second legs with 3 pairs of spines. a. Tibie of first and second legs with 4
PRITS Ol SPINS... ate. leyioss wie eee parvulus, Poe. 6. Tibiz of first and second legs with 56 . . 5 . . . Pairs Of SPINES . 6 .2ses sews cesses atomarius, Sim. ; Broomi,
Poc.; Schénlandi, sp. n.
* In Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vil. p. 288 (1901), I forgetfully assigned seven pairs of tibial spines to S. atomarius in comparing it with S, basutus.
Species of African Solifuge and Aranee. 23
ce. Tibiz of first and second legs with 6
PAITS-OF SPINES ~ fe) ot.) eho weds ees Kraussii, Poe. d, Tibize of first and second legs with 7 pairs of spines .......-...: She Gobe Spencert, Poc.; basutus,
Poe.; Marshalli, sp. n.; White, sp. n.
Palystes Leppane, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 9.)
Dorsal integument palely castaneous, covered with hairs of a greyish-olive hue, with silky lustre, darker on the abdomen and mixed with white spots and blackish lines; clypeus with a yellow band; mandible with two similarly coloured bands above ; sternum and coxe clothed with bright golden-yellow hairs, the former with a pair of mesially interrupted transverse dark stripes ; femora covered with olive-yellow hairs, speckled with clear yellow spots; patella yellowish white below ; tibia with two yellowish-white and two black bands; abdo- men with epigastric area covered with clear yellow hairs, a transverse black crescentic band behind the fold, and the rest of its area covered with a rich umber-red, mottled with numerous small yellow spots.
Vulva of the same type as that of P. perornatus (see Pl. ILI. fig. 10), but with the median sclerite heart-shaped, as wide as long, rounded laterally, bluntly pointed behind and stalked in front.
Total length 24 millim.; carapace 12; first leg 44, fourth 41.
Loc. Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown (Miss Leppan).
Belonging to the same category as LP. perornatus, Poe. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 331, 1900), but differing in the structure of the vulva and slightly in colouring, the white spots on the underside of the femora and abdomen being smaller and more numerous.
These two species and lunatus, Poc. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 60, pl. viii. fig. 5, 1896), which are evidently nearly related, to judge by the form of the vulva, may be distinguished as follows :—
a. Sternum with two bands; femora unspotted ; median HOHGVOLLVHIVA_VORY LOU «i srctwie.«: 31 sys) Aske 0c aPie 0 os lunatus, Poe. b, Sternum with a single anterior band; femora richly spotted with white ; median lobe of vulva short. a’. Median lobe of vulva longer than wide, its sides straight ; spots on abdominal femora fewer .... perornatus, Poe. b’, Median lobe of vulva as wide as long, heart- shaped, with rounded sides ....,,..00005 ..... Leppane, sp. 1,
24 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some new
Palystes Whiter, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 11.)
g.—Upperside of carapace and abdomen mottled with yellowish and brown hairs, the abdomen with a median, posteriorly obsolete, laterally angular band; some white hairs above the anterior eyes, no white clypeal band below them; mandibles black, without white bands, clothed with long greyish-yellow hairs above; upperside of appendages matching the carapace in tint; mouth-parts black; sternum black, with posterior angle pale; coxe of legs yellowish red, spotted with black; femora olive, spotted with paler yellow and with an apical blood-red patch ; patella white; tibia with a median and distal white band, for the rest black ; scopule dusky olive-grey; lower side of abdomen pinkish yellow, marbled with black ; a black patch in front of spinners.
Eyes of posterior line slightly recurved, of the anterior line straight by their centres, the medians about half the diameter of the laterals.
Palp with two tibial spurs, as in P. cultrifer (see Pl. III. figs. 12 & 12a), one being external, just behind the middle, and quadrate in shape, the other distal, but short, stoutish, directed forwards with a slight upward inclination and a lightly hooked extremity; palpal organ furnished with two short processes running straight forwards from the bulb—an outer (the spine), stout, apically pointed, and hooked ; the inner (the conductor) membranous, with an expanded, horny, flattened extremity.
Total length 15 millim.; carapace 8°5.
Loc. Brak Kloof, near Grahamstown (Mrs. White).
This species is nearly allied to P. cultrifer, Poc., and P. lycosinus, Poc. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. pp. 330- 331, 1900), the three resembling each other in colour, except that in P. Whitee there is no black band behind the epi- gastric fold as in the other two, and there is a blood-red patch on theapex of the femora. Further approaching cultr¢fer in having two tibial spurs on the palpus of the male, but the posterior is short and quadrate, the distal also short and but little upeurled. Again, in P. cultrifer the style of the palpal organ is short and pointed, while the conductor is horny throughout, black, and hollowed.
Palystes scutatus, sp. n. (PI. III. fig. 13.)
¢.—Resembling Palystes distictus, Poc., in colour. Posterior median eyes about a diameter and a half apart, a little further away from the laterals, the eyes of this line re- curved, the centres of the laterals about on a level with the
Species of African Solifuge and Aranee. 25
posterior edge of the medians, subequal ; eyes of anterior line straight by their inferior edges, the laterals one fourth longer than the medians ; quadrangle scarcely narrowed in front, a little longer than wide.
Vulva smaller than that of P. distictus, formed of a horse- shoe-shaped sclerite, with a median piece wedged in between the two arms and filling the posterior half of its space, the anterior half being left empty and semilunar in shape.
Measurements in millimetres.—Total length 13; length ot carapace 7, of first leg 26, of fourth leg 25.
Loc. Brak Kloof, Grahamstown (Mrs. White).
Neither of these species falls, strictly speaking, into the genus Palystes, and it is probable that they will have to constitute a separate genus by themselves. ‘The eyes of the posterior line are distinctly recurved ; the ocular quadrangle is only a little longer than wide and only a little wider behind than in front; the posterior lateral eyes are not elevated and the anterior lateral eyes are only a little larger than the anterior medians, which are as large as the posterior medians. There is, however, considerable variation in the eyes in the various species referred to this genus. The colouring, again, of the two known species is quite unlike that of all the South-African Palystes. he latter apparently may be grouped as follows :—
1. P. castaneus, lycosinus, cultrifer, White, mega- cephalus, Chapert.
2. P. lunatus, perornatus, Leppane.
3. P. natalius (=Spencert), Elliott, Johnstoni, Hohnelt, Fornasini.
4. P. distictus, scutatus.
Sparassus fonticola, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 14.)
Colour. Integument of the cephalothorax, jaws, and limbs reddish yellow, scantily clothed with pale hairs; abdomen greyish yellow, faintly mottled.
Carapace as wide as long, a little shorter than patella+ tibia of fourth leg and than tibia of second, and about equal to patella+tibia of third. Eyes of posterior line subequally spaced, scarcely procurved, laterals a little larger ; medians about four diameters apart; quadrangle wider than long, narrowed in front; anterior medians larger than posterior medians ; eyes of anterior line straight by their centres, sub- equally spaced; medians larger than laterals, a little more than a diameter apart.
26 On some new African Solifuge and Arvanee.
Legs 2,1, 4, 8 in length; patella unspined ; tibia of third with 1 superior subdistal spine, tibia of first and second pairs with 2+2 inferior spines ; no apical pair of spines.
Vulva very large, consisting of a long cavity, open behind, with parallel sides, and an expanded and semicircularly rounded anterior extremity ; this cavity is filled by a median flat sclerite with slightly expanded and rounded anterior extremity, parallel sides, and a truncate posterior extremity bearing a median tubercular prominence.
Total length 7 millim. ; length and width of carapace 4; length of first leg 14°5, of second 16.5, of third 11, of fourth 13.
Loc, ‘Tea Fountain, near Grahamstown (J/iss Leppan).
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE IT.
Fig. 1. Outer view of right mandible of Desia bellula, the form of the flagellum shown in outline.
Fig. 1a. Apex of upper jaw of the same from beneath.
Fig. 2. Outer view of right mandible of Ceroma pictulum; flagellum cut short, its proximal end shown in outline.
Fig. 3. Outer view of jaws of Broomiella lineata.
Tig. 3a. Inner view of upper jaw of same, to show flagellum.
Fig. 3b. Tarsi of third and fourth legs of the same.
Fig. 4. Right palp of Stasimopus palpiger, 3.
Fig. 4a. Distal end of the same.
Fig. 5. Outer view of tibia and tarsus of right palp of Acanthodon ochreolum,
Fig. 5a, Distal end of tibia and proximal end of protarsus of first leg of the same.
Fiy. 6. Outer view of tibia of palp of Selenops Marshalh, 3.
Fig.7. Outer view of tibia of palp of Selenops Whitee, 3.
Pratelll. Fig. 1. Thalassius Rossii, sp.n. Vulva.
ig. 2. Rothus lineatus, sp.n. Vulva. Fig. 3. Rothus auratus, Poe. Vulva. Fig. 4. Spencerella signata, sp.n. Vulva. Fig. 4a, Ditto. Eyes represented in a horizontal plane. tg. 5. Spencerella lineata, Poc. Eyes epreaaniel in a horizontal plane. Fig. 6. Euprosthenops pulchellus, sp.n. Vulva. Fig.6a, Ditto. Eyes represented in a horizontal plane. Fig. 7, Platyoides pictus, sp.n. Vulva. Fig. 8. Platyoides Leppane, sp.n. Vulva. Fig. 9. Palystes Leppane, sp.u. Vulva. Fig. 10. Palystes perornatus, sp.n. Vulva. Fig. 11. Palystes Whitee, sp.n. Outer view of tibia of palp of 3.
Fig. 12. Palystes cultrifer, Poc. Outer view of tibia of palp of ¢. Fig. 12a. Ditto. Vulva.
Fig, 13, Palystes scutatus, sp.n. Vulva.
Fig. 14. Sparassus fonticola, sp.n. Vulva.
Fig. 15. Selenops Schinlandi, sp.n. Vulva.
On some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. 27
Note.
During the passage of this paper through the press I re- ceived a small consignment of Arachnida from Mr. Richard Crawshay, who collected them in Basutoland. Amongst them were two examples of a new species of Palystes which may be diagnosed as follows :—
Palystes Crawshayt, sp. n.
9 .—Colour of dorsal surface a fairly uniform greyish brown, obscurely mottled like the back of tarsi; pale clypeal band on base and two superior external pale bands on man- dible ; sternum yellow, with two black bands; coxe yellow ; femora greyish black below, conspicuously spotted with yellowish grey; epigastric area yellow; a transverse black band behind the epigastric fold, the rest of the lower surface dark red variegated with white spots.
Vulva with a deep and wide excavation, which is almost as wide as long, with its lateral margins converging and almost meeting in the posterior middle line ; the anterior half of the space occupied by a skeletal piece, which is irregularly trans- versely oblong in shape and attached by a narrow “stalk” running from the middle of its anterior border to the adjacent anterior rim of the excavation, and laterally by a membranous piece to the anterior part of the lateral rim.
Total length 25 millim. ; length of carapace 11.
Loc. Maseru, in Basutoland.
Closely allied in colouring &c. to P. lunatus, perornatus, and Leppane (see p. 23, antea), but differing in the form of the median sclerite of the vulva, which has its posterior border transverse and not produced. It resembles duwnatus in the presence of two sternal bands and the other two in the spotting of the femora.
Il1.—WNotes on some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. By P. T. CLeve and C. Merescukowsky.
1. G. Karsten. ‘Die Diatomeen der Kieler Bucht.” ‘Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen herausge- geben von der Kommission in Kiel: 1889, 4to.
This in many respects important publication will no doubt be for a long time a vade mecum for all students of living diatoms. ‘The observations of the author concerning the formation of auxospores cannot be overestimated, and the
28 = Prof. P. T. Cleve and Mr. C. Mereschkowsky on
number of interesting and, in the great majority of cases, correctly described facts concerning the cell-contents of the diatoms surpasses all that has been done before.
It is the recognition of the great value of this work and the desire to render it still more valuable and useful, not for finding errors, that has induced us to undertake the publica- tion of the following critical remarks. Mistakes are inevit- able in a work of such great extent and on a subject so delicate and so full of difficulties. We believe therefore that our criticism, undertaken in a friendly spirit and for the sake of truth only, will by no means wound the feelings of the author.
One of us (Cleve) will endeavour to correct as far as possible the errors in the determination of species, the other will deal more particularly with the cell-contents.
February 5, 1902.
A. Notes by P. 'T. CLEVE.
Asterionella Bleakeleyi (p. 23) is a tropical species. The specimens figured agree with Diatoma tenue, Ag., a common freshwater form frequently occurring in slightly brackish water.
Navicula retusa (p. 47).—The figure shows that the median striz are alternately longer and shorter, a characteristic that does not belong to the named species. Doubtless Navicula digito-radiata (var. cyprinus).
Navicula subtilis (p. 53) does not represent Gregory’s species, but rather Navicula cincta.
Navicula ammophila var. lata (p. 54) is too large to be a form of NV. ammophila.
Navicula neglecta (p. 57) is said to be akin to N. formosa, but I have never met with so coarsely striate a form (striz
6-7 in 0°01 mm.).
Navicula latissima var. constricta (p. 57) is a form of N. humerosa.
Navicula pygmaa (p. 59) =N. forcipata, Grev.
Navicula Greffii (p. 60) seems to represent a form of Diploneis fusca. Grunow’s N. Greffit occurs in tropical seas only.
Navicula interrupta (p. 61) probably represents a form of Diploneis splendida or D. bombus. D. interrupta has no striz
some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. 29
or only faint ones in the central part, and has besides a different outline.
Navicula musca (p. 61) does not represent Gregory’s species, which is altogether different, but Diploneis didyma, Khb.
Navicula aucklandica (p. 66): doubtless not Grunow’s species ; indeterminable.
Navicula forcipata, Grev., var.? (p. 67), seems not to differ from N. abrupta, Greg.
Navicula H (p. 68) is nothing but a form of N. lyra, Ehb.
Trachyneis velata, A. S., var.? (p. 70). As this species has been noted from the Southern Hemisphere only (Cape of Good Hope, Cape Horn, Ascension), its occurrence in “ Kieler Bucht’’? seems to be very doubtful. Probably T. aspera, var. pulchella.
Pleurosigma marinum (p. 78) does not represent Donkin’s species, which has an altogether ditterent median line. The outline reminds one of P. Normanii, Ralfs, but the central striation and, according to M. Mereschkowsky, the chromato- phores are different.
Pleurosigma compactum (p. 86): probably Gyrosigma arcticum, Cl.
Donkinia baltica (pp. 85, 86): probably Gyrosigma com- pactum.
Amphiprora incisa (p. 90) =A. duplex, Greg.
Mastogloia Smithii (p. 92).—The right figure does not represent the species of Thwaites, but rather JZ. lanceolata. The striz are, however, radiate throughout, in which charac- teristic it resembles VW. elliptica, Ag.; but the median striz of the latter species are different.
Cocconeis placentula (p. 94) seems to be a small form of C. scutellum.
Cocconeis apiculata (p. 94) seems not to agree sufiiciently with A. Schmidt’s figure (from Cape of Good Hope). [I have once found in plankton from Skagen a diatom the lower valve of which agreed with fig. 117, but the upper valve was identical with Grunow’s Schizostauron Reichardtianum, which thus belongs to Achnanthes, s.1. Another species, hitherto regarded as a Navicula, viz. Stauronets obliqua, has also
30 ~~ Prof. P. T. Cleve and Mr. C. Mereschkowsky on
dissimilar valves, and is most akin to Cocconets flewella, Kiitz., = Achnanthidium flecellum. |
Amphora alpha (p. 106) is doubtful; possibly a form of A. quadrata (Greg. ?), Perag.
Amphora beta (p. 107): doubtful; possibly A. suleata (Bréb. ?), Perag.
Amphora gamma (p. 108) =“‘Hantzschia” marina (Donk.). Amphora delta (p. 108) seems to be akin to A. alata, Perag.
Amphora zeta (p. 109): doubtful; perhaps A. levis, var, minuta, Cl.
Amphora ostrearia (p. 111) certainly does not represent this well-known species, but possibly A. commutata, Grun.
Auricula punctata (p. 115) can scarcely be specifically distinct from A. insecta.
Auricula staurophora (p. 117) is no doubt the same form as Amphora quadrata (Bréb.), Cl.
Nitzschia dubia (p. 122): too coarsely striate (striz 12-13 in 0'01 mm.) to be the species of W. Smith (strize about 23 in 0:01 mm.).
Nitzschia valida (p. 127): probably N. segma. The true
N., valida occurs in warmer seas only.
Campylodiscus parvulus (p. 1382) =C. Thureti, Bréb. There can scarcely be any doubt that C. parvulus, W. S8m.= C. Thu- rett, Bréb., and that C. parvulus, Van Heurck, Syn. (Ixxvii. 2), represents another species akin to C. Lorenztanus, Grun.
B. Notes by C. MERESCHKOWSKY.
Fragilaria striatula, Lyngb. (p. 23),
has, according to Karsten, a single plate (he expresses, however, some doubt about it). The var. californica, Grun., has four plates; it seems most probable that the type also possesses the same number of chromatophores. Also F. hya- lina has four plates. I doubt whether /. crotonensis (A. M.- Edw.), Kitt. p. 24, has only one plate.
Synedra sp. (Hennedyana?) (p. 27)
is doubtless nothing but Cylindrotheca gracilis (Bréb.), Grun. See C. Mereschkowsky, “A List of Californian
some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. 31
Diatoms,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1901, vol. vii. pl. iv. free, 21;
Achnanthes brevipes and A. subsessilis (p. 43),
All true Achnanthidia have four plates united into pairs by a common pyrenoid. ‘This is also correctly represented in Karsten’s figures of both species, and in thie description given in the general part (p. 161) he mentions four plates ; but when on p. 42 he says ‘f Zwei Chromatophoren beiderseits des centralen Kern,” this can easily be misunderstood. We differ, however, in one respect ; according to Karsten the two opposite plates are united by a transverse band of endo- chrome, while in my figures (Et. sur ’Endochrome des Diat. pl. vi. figs. 20, 22) no such band exists, the two plates being united by a colourless body. I have been criticized by Karsten for calling it (as well as similar bodies in Okedenia inflexa and O. pontica) a pyrenoid. Indeed, a colourless pyrenoid seems to be a contradiction in itself, as, according to the generally accepted opinion, a pyrenoid is a body colour- less by itself, but being enclosed in the very substance of the endochrome has therefore necessarily a coloured appearance, This, however, is not quite correct. The pyrenoid can emerge from the chromatophore either partly (MJastoglo‘a, Achnan- thidium) or even entirely. We find all three cases occurring sometimes in the same genus: coloured common pyrenoids [Achnanthidium (Cymbosira) Agardhiti (Kiitz.)], partly out of the endochrome (A. sp.), and completely free (A. glabra- tum). ‘To this latter type also A. brevipes, at least its var. intermedia, seems to belong. I intend to return to this inter- esting subject in a special note.
Navicula dicephala, W. Sm. (p. 51),
cannot be this species, as N. dicephala has the same endo- chrome as Cymbella (one plate), and therefore does not belong even to the family Naviculacee.,
Navicula mollis (W. 8.), Cl. (p. 55, fig. 51).
The third figure (next to the margin) is most probably a Libellus.
Navicula humerosa, Bréb. (p. 56).
Fig. 55 represents either a stage of division or else it is an error, this species having normally two plates along the valves (see Et. s. |’End. d. Diat. pl. 11. fig. 6) ; this is exactly reproduced in fig. 56, representing, according to Cleve, a form of NV. humerosa. In a letter Karsten expresses his opinion that the diatoms which we have both studied, although very
32. ——~ Prof. P. T. Cleve and Mr. C. Mereschkowsky on
similar in their general appearance, may belong to two quite different species. This may indeed be the case, and we see a beautiful example of it in NV. scopulorum; but in the present instance such a supposition seems to be very improbable.
Navicula didyma, Ehr. (NV. bombus, Ehr.) (p. 62, fig. 66).
All the four figures belong to Diploneis didyma, but fig. 67, a 1, is certainly not this species. The cell-contents differ somewhat from what I have observed in California ; the margins of the plates do not join so closely, leaving a broad space in the middle part of the valve; they are more finely and regularly indented. Four central pleoplasts of a very peculiar appearance and two libroplasts * are, of course, not mentioned, as Karsten seems to attribute to them no importance whatever.
Navicula scopulorum, Bréb. (pp. 63, 64).
The descriptions of the endochrome of this species given by Karsten and myself differ in every respect. ‘There can be no doubt as to the correctness of Karsten’s observations, the more so as they fully agree with those of Paul Petit and Brébisson ; neither can my observations be doubted, as they are corroborated by the var. fasciculata, Gr., which has the same endochrome fT. The only possible conclusion is this : there exist two very different diatoms, belonging to two widely separated families (Naviculaceee and Okedeniez), which are identical as regards the structure of their frustules and valves (see also Nitzschia angularis).
Navicula (Libellus) constricta, W. Sm. (p. 65).
Is not the type species, but the var. linearis, Mer.{ Does certainly not belong to the genus Navicula, but represents rather a new genus (Stauronella).
Pleurosigma fasciola, W. Sm. (p. 74).
I have observed hundreds of living specimens of this species in the Mediterranean, in the Pacific Ocean, and in fresh water (California), and I never saw a single individual with four plates. There are always two plates, as in all species of the genus Gyrosigma, Ss. 8.
Pleurosigma tenuissimum, W. Sm. (pp. 75, 76).
The above remark applies to this species also: there
* See for these terms my paper ‘On Sedlaphora,’ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Mar. 1902, p. 187.
+ C. Mereschkowsky, “On Okedenia,” Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1901, vol. viii. pl. vil. figs. 7, 8.
{ C. Mereschkowsky, “‘On Stauronella, a new Genus of Diatoms,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, 1901, vol. viii. p. 424.
some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. 33
are invariably only two plates, which are always disposed very asymmetrically—that is to say, if the left plate is nearer to the upper end of the frustule, the right one is nearer to the lower end. This is a very characteristic and constant feature of Gyrosigma tenuissimum.
Pleurosigma nubecula, W. Sm. (p. 77, fig. $8).
The left figure is too sigmoidal to belong to this species ; it seems rather to represent a small individual of P. deli- catulum, of which it has the endochrome. The right figure might be P. nubecula but for the endochrome, which, according to my observations, is of the same type as in P. Normanit (Et. s. ?End. d. D. pl. iv. figs. 1-5).
Scoliopleura latestriata, Grun. (p. 84) [its right name is Scoliotropis latestriata (Bréb.), Cl.].
In the var. amphora the two opposite plates are united by a common pyrenoid. It is very likely to be the same in the type species also. Karsten represents them as being separated.
Tropidoneis maxima, Greg., var.? (p. 88). Represents two species; the second figure (from the left)
Tropidoneis vitrea, W.Sm., with cell-contents.
% Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. 3
34 Prof. P. T. Cleve and Mr. C. Mereschkowsky on
is probably 7. tetraplasta, a new species, characterized by the presence of four libroplasts instead of two, as is usually the case. The third figure is doubtless the 7’. vitrea, but the description of the endochrome is erroneous; there are two plates, it is true, but they extend all along the connectives, being composed of an upper and a lower part, uniting in the middle by a very narrow band. As the same error has been committed by Pfitzer, I give here a figure (p. 33) of the endochrome of this species. ‘lhe two elongated bodies on the right side represent the two libroplasts, so characteristic for the whole genus.
Mastogloia Smithii, Thor. (p. 92).
Here, again, the description of Karsten can easily mislead the reader, as was the casein regard to Achnanthidium brevipes. When he says “ Zwei Chromatophoren sind vorhanden,” this is certainly not correct. In a letter Professor Karsten explains that he means two pairs of chromatophores united by a common pyrenoid—which is correct, and agrees pretty well with the figures. But the species, as Cleve points out, is not MW. Smithi7, and cannot be the same on account of the position of the plates along the connecting-zones, a position very different from what Cleve and I have observed in M. Smith.
My recent observations on the structure of the genus Mastogloia have shown the descriptions and figures given in my ‘tudes sur ?Kndochrome des Diatomées’ to be very exact.
Cocconeis scutellum, Ehr. (p. 93).
The foramina in the chromatophore-plate are not real. The margins in this species are sometimes deeply indented and the lobes may come in contact, thus producing a kind of pseudo-foramina.
Amphora beta (p. 107).
This is no doubt the same species that I have described in Etudes s. |’End. pl. v. fig. 9. The endochrome is the same, the outlines of the frustule are the same, and as to the divisions of the zone Karsten says ‘‘ Zonen mit punktirten Linien.” I have but little doubt that this is the A. composita Jan figured in A. 8. Atlas, pl. xxvi. fig. 44, which I believe to be a good species. According to Cleve, A. beta might repre- sent A. sulcata (Bréb.?), Per- (Diat. mar. d. Fr. pl. xlvii. fig. 7), but the outlines of the frustules in both species are a little different and the size of the latter is smaller.
some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms. 35
Amphora ehta (p. 109).
This is the same form that is figured in my Etudes sur l’End. pl. v. figs. 4, 5, representing most probably Gregory’s A. excisa. I must have overlooked the pyrenoids.
Amphora ostrearia, Bréb. (p. 110).
I have the same doubt as Cleve concerning the correctness of the determination of this species ; its endochrome, although of the same type as in A. ostrearda, has a different habitus from that of the latter species (see A. teta).
Amphora epsilon (p. 111).
A form with which I am well acquainted. It is A. acuta, var. arcuata, A. 8., the same as in Etudes s. l’Hnd. d. D. pl. vi. fig. 1. I can fully confirm the correctness of this determination.
Amphora teta (p. 112).
This is the genuine A. ostrearia; figure 149 represents the endochrome exactly as I have recently observed it in California, where this species is very common; the plates are large, with undulated and broadly indented margins.
Auricula punctata, Karst. (pp. 115, L16).
Is the same as Aurtcula quadrangu/ata, Mer. (Et. s. End. pl. vi. fig. 18). Seems to differ from A. ¢nsecta, to which it is nearly related, in the presence of puncta.
Auricula staurophora, Karst.
Same as the form described and figured in Et. s. End. pl. vi. fig. 14, under the name of Amphora quadrata, a name which seems to have lost all meaning because of the many and various forms to which it has been applied (see, for in- stance, Perag. D. mar. d. Fr. p. 220, pl. xlix. fig. 19). I do not believe, however, A. staurophora to be sufficiently distinct from Auricula stauroneis, Mer. (/. c. pl. vi. figs. 15, 16), to constitute a good species; one of these should be considered merely a variety of the other. The granules are represented in my paper as_ being elliptical, which is to be attributed to the material not being in a sufficiently fresh condition. I also failed to describe the pyrenoids.
Nitzschia angularis, W. Sm. (p. 120).
Very different from the form I have described under this name (Kt. s. PEnd. pl. vii. figs. 1, 2). In California I have observed quite a number of forms which could hardly be separated trom JN. distans ; at the same time their cell-contents
3%
36 Prof. P. T. Cleve and Mr. C. Mereschkowsky on
are so different that they no doubt represent very distinct species. This would explain the difference in the present case, which is analogous to that of Vavicula scopulorum.
But when Karsten describes the endochrome as_ being composed of a single plate he is certainly wrong. I have carefully studied over fifty species and varieties of Nitzschia, and I can positively affirm that there is not a single species of this genus which has less than two plates. All the state- ments to the contrary are positively erroneous. This error, introduced by Pfitzer, has since been frequently repeated with a remarkable persistency by Paul Petit, Van Heurck (‘A Treat. on the Diat.’ p. 882), &c., and now again by Karsten. There is no such thing as a single plate in the genus Nitzschia.
That is the reason why I do not believe the Hantzschia marina, which, according to Karsten (see Amphora gamma, p- 108), possesses a single plate, to be a Hantzschia or to belong to the Nitzschiew at all. It is, in my opinion, nothing but an Hpithemia, and therefore belongs to the Archaides *, which are usually characterized by a single plate (Auricula, Amphiprora). Its name should be changed into Epithemia marina.
Karsten also erroneously attributes one plate to Niteschia punctata, var. elongata (p. 121), N. litoralis (p. 121), and N. constricta (p. 122).
Nitzschia lanceolata, W. Sm. (p. 129).
We somewhat disagree in regard to this species. One of us must have made an error in the determination, but I could not say positively whether it is Karsten or myself.
Surirella gemma, Hhr. (p. 131).
The figure is correct, but it is not quite exact to say that there are two plates. There is only a single plate, bent at the lower end, and it is only before the division of the frustule that the plate becomes divided.
2. C. Merescuxowsky. ‘ Etudes sur |l’Endochrome des Diatomées.”’ I* Partie. Mémoires de l Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 1901, vol xi. n. 6.
This paper contains a number of erroneous determinations,
* See my paper ‘On Stauronella,’ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 429.
some Recent Publications concerning Diatoms.
37
which would all have been corrected had I received the proofs. The most important are the following :—
Instead of
Diploneis suborbicularis, Greg.(p. 6).
Caloneis formosa, var. quadrilineata, Gr. (p. 6).
Navicula (Iibellus) species prima (p. 14).
L’exactitude de la figure (p. 15, line 11 from top).
VY. 33, MNavicula species P (p. 15).
Amphipleura micans, Lyngb. (p.17).
Pleurosigma elongatum, W. Sm. (p. 20).
Amphora acutiuscula, var. subcon- stricta, Gr. ? (p. 26).
Amphora angularis, Greg. (p. 26).
Amphora Arcus, Greg. ? (p. 26).
Amphora lineolata, Ehr.? (p. 27).
Amphora ocellata, Donk. (p. 28).
Nitzschia Acus, Cl. (p. 35).
Nitaschiella tenuirostris, var. genu- ina, Mer. (p. 37).
3. HEIDEN-ROSsTOCK. Doberan.”’ XA MUM 2.
Read Diploneis papula, A. 8.? Caloneis hber, var, evcentrica, Grun.
Libellus reticulatus, Mer. L’exactitude de la figure 22 d,
Neidium affine, var. amphirhyn- chus (Ehyr.).
Navicula (Dickieia) oblita, Mey.
Pleurosigma delicatulum, W. Sm.
Amphora angularis, Gree.
Amphora alata, var. delta, Kayst.
Amphora composita, Jan,
Amphora species P
A. quadrangulata, Mer.
Nitzschia seriata, Cl.
Nitzschiella tenuirostris, var. hamu- lifera, Mer.
“‘ Diatomeen des Conventer Sees bei Mitth. a. d. Meckb. Geol. Landesanstalt, Rostock, 1900. 4to.
Amphora Geinitzi (fig. 1) = A. arenicola, Grun., var. major,
Cl. Syn. Nav. D.
Mastogloia stauroneiformis, sp. n. (fig. 5) = JZ. Smithii, var.
lacustris, Grun.
Mastogloia varieloculata,
sp. n.
agrees with
(fig 7),¢
M. Braunii, Grun., but the strie are stated to be 82 in 0:01 mm. (perhaps a misprint for 23).
Navicula alluviana, sp. n. (fig. 8)=Pinnularia rectangu-
lata, Greg. ?
Navicula conventus, sp. n. (fig. 9) = WV. directa, var. subtilis, Greg. (in Cl. Syn. Navic. Diat. ii. p. 27, the length is given
as 0'012 instead of 0°12 mm.).
Cocconeis lanceolata, sp. n. (fig. 17)=C. quarnerensis,
Grun.
Nitzschia variepunctata, sp. n. (fig. 22)=NV. navisularis
(Bréb.), Grun.
Polo:
38 Mr. F. P. Cambridge on
4. E. Scutirr. “ Centrifugale und simultane Membran- verdickungen.” Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. xxxv. 3, 1900.
Guinardia baltica (figs. 11, 12)=G. flaccida (Castr.).
Leptocylindrus danicus (fig. 33)=Rhizosolenia delicatula, Cl. (ik. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. vol. xxxii. n. 8, 1900).
Rhizosolenia setigera (fig. 34) = 2. semtspina, Hensen.
Rhizosolenia Hensenii= Jt. setigera, Btw. PT.
5. Scuroper. “ Das Phytoplankton des Golfes von Neapel.” Mitth. aus der zool. Stat. zu Neapel, vol. xiv.
Asteromphalus Ralfsianus (fig. 7) seems to be a small form of A. Heokerd, but the fig. is not sufficient. It cannot repre- sent A. Ralfstanus = A. heptactis, the central space being much too large.
Euodia arcuata, sp. n. (fig. 8) = HWemidiscus cunetformis.
Pe
1V.—On the Genus Latrodectus, Walch. By Freperick PickArD CAmpripGE, B.A., F.Z.8.
In February 1902 a paper on this genus was read before the Zoological Society of London, and a table giving differential characters for the various species and subspecies was added.
While executing the plates for that paper it has become clear that certain characters, based on the clothing of the abdomen, are of greater importance than I had considered at the time to be the case, and I therefore publish the following table as affording a better key to the characters of the different species than that included in my paper read before the Zoolo- gical Society. These characters will all be found illustrated on the plates accompanying my paper in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society.’
Females.
A. Integument of abdomen, at any rate on the lateral area, clothed with minute acanthoid spines, with or without longer bristles or spines.
i, Abdomen clothed on the lateral area with
ee
the Genus Latrodectus, Walch.
minute acanthoid spines, densely on the sides, more sparsely above, variable in length, but without longer and stouter
S/ LUISE wrigsAVe nea b cucu toiRsicie gro nie shin
ii. Abdomen furnished also with longer spines. a, The additional spines short, straight, and
in every direction. Abdomen with
red spots or entirely black ....... .
b'. The additional spines shorter, curved
mainly in the same direction. The
bands on abdomen never broken up
into spots nor (so far as one may
judge from material at hand) ever
entirely black.
a”, Dorsal apical red band on abdomen
clothed with both acanthoid
spines and longer spines ....... .
6’, Dorsal band without acanthoid spines, bristles only.
a*, Bristles on dorsal band at least
their own length apart ......
b*, Bristles on dorsal band less than
half their own length apart,...
B. Integument of abdomen entirely devoid of
acanthoid spines, clothed only with fine
silky hairs (or, in Menavodi, bristles). a‘, Central anterior eyes not larger than the lateral anteriors.
1. Bristles on abdomen of two different lengths. Abdomen with three lateral spots on each side devoid of hair ....
2. Bristles (or hairs) on abdomen of the same length. No lateral spots on abdomen.
GEE DSIZOMATE OTS oc hen el oe bie ativan ae b*, Size smaller. la. Legs much more slender. Femur dv. eight times its width ...... 2a. Legs much stouter. Femur iv. five to six times its width ...... 6*, Central anterior eyes larger than the lateral anteriors .....6....0005 niodaans
39
pallidus, O. P. Cambr.
. Aystrix, Ki. Simon,
tredecim-guttatus, Rossi.
Hasseltvi, Thor.
var. indicus, Simon.
var. from Loyalty Is.
Menavodi, Vinson.
mactans, Fabricius.
geographicus, Hasselt.
katipo, Powell.
geometricus, ©. L. Koch.
Since my former paper was read I have also received Dr. Dahl’s publication on the members of this genus*. Whether the characters deduced from the differences in the hairs of the patella and tibia will bear the weight of importance laid upon them can only be judged by a comparative examination of a
* ¢Sitzunes-Bericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin,’ p. 40 (Feb. 18, 1902): “ Uebersicht der Latrodectus-Arten,”’ by
Friedr. Dahl.
40) Messrs. T. D. A. Cockerell and E. Atkins on
long series of examples. Species are separated, for instance, by the presence of several (six or seven) blunt bristles, or at least one, amongst many pointed bristles from those which possess no blunt bristle. If, however, they vary in this respect between six and one, there is no reason why they should not vary from six to none. So, too, with respect to colour- differences and characters based on the relative length of protarsus i., in connexion at any rate with the distinction of J. geometricus from L. obscurior, new species. In numerous examples of ZL. geometricus from the Amazons, ‘able Moun- tain, Karachi, and Jansenville one finds every variation in coloration from pale whity grey to almost jet-black, while protarsus 1. varies in length from three to four times longer than the tarsus. JL. obscurtor is distinguished from geome- tricus by the variation of protarsus i., three and a quarter to three and a half times the tarsus—that of the latter species being about four times the tarsus.
The variation of colour in L. mactans, too, ranges from the central band and lateral slashes being red (as in the typical North-American form) to almost jet-black, so that one hesi- tates to separate examples even as subspecies on the strength of slight variations in this respect—as, for instance, L. insu- laris, L. ¢nsularts insular’s, and L. insularts lunulifer.
The following are Dr. Dahl’s new species and subspecies :— JL. obscurior, sp. n., Madagascar; L. tnsularis, sp. n., An- tilles; LZ. ensularis tnsularis, subsp. n., St. Thomas; ZL, in- sularts lunulifer, subsp. n., Haiti; L. sagittifer, sp. n., Porto Alegro; L. ancorifer, sp. n., New Guinea; L. Hahli, sp. n., Bismarck Archipelago; L. duzonicus, sp. n., Philippines ; L. Stuhlmann, sp. n., Kast Africa; L. renivulvatus, sp. n.,
German 8.W. Atrica.
V.— Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station. —XIII. On the Bees of the Family Nomadide of Ashmead. 3y T. D. A. CocKERELL and EMERSON ATKINS.
Tue Nomadide of Ashmead (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvi. p- 64) are the parasitic bees with three submarginal cells. Ashmead himself says that they have “‘ undoubtedly originated from other bees, through different lines of descent.” He adds :— It is evident, however, that most of them are descendants from various Anthophorid bees, since they agree more nearly with these bees in venation and the characters of the mouth-parts than with any of the others.” If we admit
the Bees of the Family Nomadide. 4]
that a valid taxonomic group must consist of forms not less related to one another than to forms outside of the group, or, at least, that the group must have a common ancestor ex- hibiting the group-characters, then the family Nomadidz, by the admission of its author, is not valid, or else must be restricted to a small portion of the genera now included in it. In other words, convergent evolution must be distinguished from blood-relationship *
In our studies of these bees we have met with facts which convince us that they are descended from two or three entirely diverse groups, Nomada itself coming from the Panurgine.
NomapA, Scopoli, 1770. Mr. E. Saunders (Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. xxiii. p. 423)
says:—‘ This genus forms a curious transition between the Andrenidee and Apide ; it has many of the characteristics of the latter division, such as the long tongue, the acute para- glosse, and the long basal joint of the labial palpi; on the other hand, however, it has the joints of the labial palpi sub- cylindrical, like the Andrenide, without any tendency to the flat or concave sheath-like form of the Apide, and its species are also parasitic on the Andrenide (with the exception of _N. seafasciata, which frequents the burrows of Eucera). . .
1 should feel inclined to treat it as a very abnormal genus of the Andrenide.”
When we come to compare the mouth-parts of Nomada with those of the Panurgine (which are themselves obviously derived from the Andrenidz) all the difficulties mentioned by Saunders disappear. In the Panurgine mouth we find the long tongue, the long basal joint of the labial palpus, and paraglossee of the same type as Momada. Moreover, certain species of Nomada (e. g. N. similis) are-parasitic on Panurgus.
Of all the Panurgine Panurgus is most like Nomada, having the same slender tapering galea, the same long maxillary palpi, &c. The greatest difference is in the para- glosse, which in Nomada are much more slender; but another Panurgine bee, Dufourea vulgaris, has slender para- gloss, as in Nomada, though it differs from Nomada in the palpi. Nomada, to be sure, has three submarginal cells in
* In the famous paper by De Vries (ef. ‘ Science,’ May 9, 1902, p. 726) new “species” are said to appear repeatedly among the offspring of Ginothera or Onagra Lamarckiana (apparently it should be Onagra grandiflora); thus the “species” Cinothera oblonga originated several hundred times independently. Of course the fact is that ds. Lamarckiana
is polymorphic, and the various mutations haye not yet reached the status of species.—T. D. A. C.
42 Messrs. T. D. A. Cockerell and IX. Atkins on
the wings, whereas the Panurgine have but two; however, Nomada obliterata, Cresson, has constantly only two sub- marginals *, while a form of Dufourea (subg. Trilia, Vachal) has three. Andrena has usually three submarginals, but some species have only two.
As typical examples of Nomada we have studied N. fucata, Panz. (Mallorca, Balearic Is., from Friese), and N. xantho- phila, Ckll. (New Mexico). In Panurgus we have used P. calcaratus and P, Banksianus.
Nomada modesta, Cresson (Las Vegas, N. M., collected by A. Garlick), differs from the other species by the very large and long galea (actually larger than in WV. «anthophila, though the bee is smaller), shorter maxillary palpi (not much over half length of galea), very long paraglosse, long tongue, and very long basal joint of labial palpi (much exceeding the other three joints together). In these characters (except the paraglosse:) WV. modesta closely resembles Calliopsis verbene (also from Las Vegas, N. M.).
There is a singular resemblance in the mouth-parts between Nomada and Lzxomalopsts, but the bees are otherwise entirely different, and are evidently not related.
The following table gives the differential characters of the mouth-parts of several Panurgine bees, placing Nomada among them for purposes of comparison :—
A. Maxillary palpi far surpassing the galea 7. a, First joint of labial palpi longer than the other three together ; galea broad, not bristly 61... -.sseeereer eevee ITalictoides dentiventris, aa. First joint of labial palpi not longer [Nyl. than the other three together. b. First joint of labial palpi about equal with second; the first two ee WON SOE Geeininis oo beieonNe o . LRhophitoides canus bb. First joint of labial palpi conspicu- [(Hversm.). ously longer than second. ce. Tongue very narrow, nearly parallel- sided ; labial palpi long and slen- der ; galea very slender apically, with bristles along its whole hind
* Nomada obliterata may stand as the type of a subgenus Hem- nomada.—T. D. A. C.
t+ The maxillary palpi also surpass the galea in Spinoliella scitula (Cresson) and Hyleosoma atriceps (Cresson), species formerly referred to Calliopsis. Inthe Spinoliella the first joint of the labial palpi is very stout and longer than the other three together; in the Hyleosoma it is scarcely as long as the other three together. In both the galea is broad and bristly at the apex.—T. D. A. C,
the Lees of the Family Nomadide. 43
margin; third joint of maxillary palpi about 3 length of second .. Dufowrea vulgaris,
ce, Tongue broad and sharply pointed [Schenck. (dagger-like) ; galea broad, bristly at tip.
d. Labial palpi stout, first joint very stout; third joint of maxillary palpi hardly half length of SOCOUd pert hustle aten se emehaier Parahalictoides Tinsleyi, dd, Labial palpi rather slender; [(CkIL.). third joint of maxillary palpi about 3 length of second ,... Parahalictotdes paradoxus AA. Maxillary palpi shorter than galea. [(Moraw.). a, First joint of labial palpi much shorter than the other three together; max- illary palpi short and rather stout.... Hesperapis rhodocerata aa. First joint of labial palpi about as long [(Ckll.). as the other three together ; maxillary palpi long, often almost as long as galea, 6. Galea short and broad, sepia-brown, its hind margin only bristly on apical POOEGION eas spincais diss 8,016 asco eiaie ace aha -e Panurginus Boylei (Ckll.). bb. Galea narrow and curved apically, the apical portion mostly hyaline, its hind margin bristly throughout.
e. Paraglosses linear 2920 itwesds Ss Nomada xanthophila, Ckl. ca) (Paraglossas broad). .)s).35 «2 <tsiiids Panurgus Bankstianus aaa, First joint of labial palpi decidedly (tirby).
longer than the other three together. 6, Maxillary palpi about or little over half length of galea. c. Paraglossee long and linear; second joint of labial palpi bristly and longer than the last two joints TORBEN Were aioye Amis yerevels spore eiscs + Nomada modesta (Cresson). cc. Paraglosse shorter and shaped like a knife-blade; second joint of labial palpi short, no longer than CHIE Geeta Gusta eee ee Calliopsis verbene, C. & P, bb. Maxillary palpi not very much shorter than galea. ec. Galea with the apical portion much elongated, very narrow, and CUNVEGs Santis cake serverten mena ale Nomada fucata, Panz. ee. Galea broad, the apical portion not or scarcely elongated. d. First joint of labial palpi not nearly twice as long as the other three together; tongue short (about as in Dasypoda).. Hypomacrotera semirufa dd. First joint of labial palpi at [(CkIL.). least twice as long as the other three together ; tongue longer ; paraglosse quite slender,
44 Messrs. T. D. A. Cockerell and EB. Atkins on
e. First joint of labial palpi very LOM GS we ten datorse steel oe eet Calliopsis coloradensis,
ee. First joint of labial palpisome- { Cresson. what shorter; tongue con- siderably surpassing labial Pal piece yea ere Calliopsis chlorops, Ckll.
The Nomada figured by E. Saunders (/. c.) has the labial palpi of the type of N. canthophila, but the galea, as figured, is more like that of Panurginus Boylet. Saunders does not state the species. The species with the N. wanthophila type of palpi may be regarded as typical Nomada.
Nomada modesta, with the characters indicated in the table, may be taken as the type of a new subgenus, Micronomada.
Calliopsis verbene, with its long galea not abruptly narrowed at apex and the extremely long basal joint of labial palpus, may form the type of a new subgenus, Verbenapis.
We believe that Phileremulus, Neolarra, and probably Allodape are related to Nomada, and are therefore also derived from Panurgine ancestors.
Eprouus, Latr., 1802.
This genus is parasitic on Colletes, but cannot be derived therefrom. From all the genera discussed in connexion with Nomada it differs by its greatly reduced maxillary palpi, which have only two joints. Many species found in North America, formerly referred to LEpeolus, have three-jointed maxillary palpi, and constitute the genus T'riepeolus of Robertson (1901). Robertson thinks that YZrdepeolus is probably a parasite (or, rather, inquiline) of the Melissodinee. Examining 7riepeolus verbesine (CkIll.) as an example of the Epeolus type, we find that it has a broad blunt galea, with erect bristles at intervals on the outer margin, such as we find in several of the Nomada-Panurgine series. But the whole of the mouth-parts indicate the closest affinity with Phileremus. he characters which remove Jpeolus and Phileremus from the Nomada-Panurgine series are the reduced maxillary palpi, and the broadened and flattened two basal joints of the labial palpi, with the two terminal joints diverging laterally, as in the ordinary long-tongued bees.
At this point we note that Calliopsts chlorops (a veritable Panurgine) has the first joint of the labial palpi broadened and flattened, while its paraglosse are very like those of Epeolus. Furthermore, the series of Phileremulus &c., while departing very much in many respects from Phileremus or the Panurgine, nevertheless forms 1n some ways a connecting- link between these groups. ?/ileremulus is remarkable tor
the Bees of the Family Nomadide. 45
having a very long tongue, with entirely Panurgus-like labial palpi. Adlodape, on the other hand, has the labial palpi wholly as in the ordinary long-tongued bees.
It would seem, then, that Hpeolus and Phileremus, with their allies, have been derived from the Panurgine series, but from a higher type than Nomada. ‘The resemblances we find between /peolus and the Anthophorine may be explained by the probable fact that the Anthophorine themselves have a Panurgine ancestry, though they have now travelled far along their own special path.
MeEtect4, Latr., 1802.
Dalla Torre gives this as the first genus of the Nomadine. It is parasitic upon <Anthophora, as also is Crocisa. In Melecta miranda we find the maxillary palpi very small, five- jointed, the last joint minute; the galea is very large, with a few short dark spines at the apex; the tongue and the labial palpi are of the type usual in long-tongued bees. In Antho-~ phora montana we find the third joint of the labial palpi attached laterally some distance betore the end of the second, at about the middle of the terminal narrowed portion of the second joint. The outer side of the two first joints is - covered with bristles, which form a brush at the end of the second. In Epeolus and Melecta the last two joints are attached at the end of the second, as also in Melissodes and Xenoglossa. In Epeolus, however, the second joint is not narrowed apically, whereas in Melecta miranda it is greatly narrowed, with the narrowed portion largely hyaline. ‘The ealea of Anthophora montana has the same general form as that of Melecta miranda, but is distinguished by numerous strong bristles scattered over its surface. Much more similar to that of Me/ecta, when one goes into details, is the galea of the series of Melissodes &e. ‘Thus in Xenoglossa pruinosa we find on the apical part of the galea a longitudinal series of bristles having tubular sockets, while the margin of the galea behind these bristles is abruptly narrowed and hyaline. ‘The same row of bristles appears in the J/electa, but it is longer and the long hyaline area is not narrowed. In Melissodes pallidicincta the hyaline area is extremely small, but recog- nizable in comparison with the other genera. From the above facts we must apparently conclude that AMelecta is really derived from the Anthophorine series, but not from Anthophora itself.
46 On the Bees of the Family Nomadide.
Ericrocis, Cresson, 1887.
We have examined £rtcrocis lata, Cresson. Its evident affinity is with Centris, to which it is allied by the short paraglossee and the vary peculiar form of the labial palpi and galea. The similarity of the galea even extends to the trans- verse brown spots, though the maxillary palpi in Hricrocis are reduced to two joints. Both Centris and Hricrocis are no doubt derived from Hzomalopsis or a similar form.
THALESTRIA, Smith, 1854.
We have studied Thalestria smaragdina, Sm., collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at Chapada, Brazil. The maxillary palpi are reduced to two joints. The galea is large and broad, with the series of bristles having tubular sockets, as seen in Xeno- glossa, while the ill-defined hyaline area is narrowed, though not strongly. The labial palpi are extremely hairy on the inner side, and the third joint is placed at the lateral apex of the second. All this indicates the origin of Thalestria from the Anthophorine series, near to the place of origin of Melecta.
Thus the “‘ Nomadide ”’ are of composite origin and should be divided into groups, somewhat as follows :—
Nomadine, for Nomada and its allies, to follow the Panur- gine.
Phileremine, for Phileremus and Epeolus.
Melectinz, for Melecta, Thalestria, &c., to follow the groups of Xenoglossa Ke.
Ericrocinee, for Hricrocis, to follow the group of Centris &e.
The genus Bombomelecta falls in Melectine, and its affinity with Xenog/ossa is further indicated by the very long para- gloss, which, however, are devoid of hairs. The tip of the galea exhibits a number of flattened hairs, and exactly the same, but not so large, are found in Melissodes. The Bombo- melecta studied is B. thoracica, var. fulvida, Cresson.
It is worth while to remark that the nest-building bees can be recognized by the comb of bristles on the basal part (stipes) of the maxilla. In the parasitic genera this is wholly wanting, the corresponding place presenting at most a series of fine short hairs.
All the slides used in this investigation were prepared by Mrs. W. P. Cockerell.
East Las Vegas, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
May 21, 1902.
On Eastern and Australian Moths. 47
VI.—New and little-known Species of Eastern and Australian Moths. By Colonel C. Swinuor, M.A., F.L.S., &e.
Family Eupterotide.
Eupterote axesta. Euterote axesta §, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894, p. 157, pl. ii. fig. 2.
?. General coloration a uniform pinkish brown; thorax and abdomen slightly darker than the wings and more pinkish ; the wing-markings much as in the male, the inner bands more indistinct, the discal straight bands dark brown- pink, with pale outer edging.
Size similar to the male.
A fine series of females lately received; though I have had many males from the Khasias, I never received a female before.
Family Boarmiide. Corymica latimarginata.
3 ?. Bright yellow, irrorated with minute rufous atoms: fore wings with the costa pale rufous, black and white points on the costal edge, two brownish-grey marks on the costa - before and at the middle, these being the commencement of incomplete outwardly curved obscure grey bands; the outer margin broadly rufous, its inner edge excavated below the middle and in some examples margined by a dark thick brown line: hind wings with a central obscure and irregular grey band and outer marginal narrower rufous band. ‘The hind wing of the male has no tuft of hair on abdominal margin ; the fore wings have the usual fovea of hyaline membrane, but rounder and smaller than usual in the genus; the outer margins of both wings are round and the apex of fore wings is not acute nor produced.
Expanse of wings 1,5 inch.
Lawas, Borneo (Lverett).
There are examples of both sexes of this species from Pulo Laut in the B. M. unnamed.
Family Limacodide.
z Nagoda francesca, nov.
3. Branches of antenna ochreous; shafts of antenne, pectus, head, and body above brown-pink. Wings hyaline,
48 Col. C. Swinhoe on new and little-known
the veins and borders brown-pink: fore wings with the discoidal vein and the stalk of veins 7, 8, and 9 thickened, the costa with a maroon band ; the apical band rather broad, attenuated hindwards; the basal part and a broad band on the hind wings also brown-pink; in the centre of this band is a green spot: hind wings with a fairly uniform narrow band on costa and outer margin and broad band occupying a third of the wing-space on the abdominal margin. Under- side: body and legs ochreous.
On eelead: collar, and abdomen rufous; thorax green: wings of a uniform pale pink or pink-grey, thinly clothed, rufous at the base of fore wings ; a large green round spot at middle of hinder margin ; another similar. spot on costa one fourth from apex ; costa of fore wings and cilia of both wings rufous. Underside: body and legs rufous; wings coloured as above, but without any markings.
E:xpanse of wings, ¢ 75, $ 1%5 inch.
Java.
All nine specimens are males; there are two males and one (the type) female in the B. M.
Parasa ostia, nov.
d. Antenne, palpi and frons, underside of thorax, and legs chestnut-colour ; thorax and fore wings dark bright erass-green ; a chestnut basal patch ; costal line pale chestnut ; cilia pale chestnut, with white patches; abdomen and hind wings paler green, the wings whitish towards the costa and outer margin and tinged with chestnut at the base and on the abdominal margin; cilia whitish, tinged with chestnut at the anal angle. On the underside the wings are of a pale uniform green, the base of both wings and costal line of fore wings chestnut ; cilia of both wings pale chestnut, with white patches.
Eixpanse of wings 2,/, inches.
Khasia Hills ; three e examples.
Family Drepanulide. Ectothyris quadrangulus, nov.
?. Frons pure white; head and collar pale chocolate; a broad pale chocolate-brown band from costa of fore wings before the middle, outwardly curved and broadening hind- wards and across the hind wings, also before the middie, this band containing several darker lines; there are broad choco- late-grey bands on all the borders of both wings, with two
Eustern and Australian Moths. 49
hyaline patches on each wing inside the bands, one on each wing between the base and the medial band and the other between the medial and outer binds; the thorax is grey, the abdomen pale chocolate-coloured ; a duplex grey line limits the outer side of the outer hyaline patches, and there is a dark grey crenellated submirginal line on both wings. On the underside the wings are dark grey, with a broad still darker brownish-grey band before the outer margin across both wings and a brown marginal line.
Expanse of wings | inch.
Goping, Perak (Kunstler).
Allied to Hetothyris trifenestrata, Swinh., from Pulo Laut.
Family Syntomide. Syntomis chroma.
Aydrusa chroma, Swinh, Cat. Hot. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 50 (1892). Syntomis annulata, Ampsn. (part.), Phal. i. p. 72 (1898). Syntomis Clements, H npsn. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. p. 167 (1901).
W. Australia. The types (¢ ?) are marked Australia in O. M.
The type Clements? is from the Sherlock River, W. Aus- tralia, in B. M.
I have lately received over six hundred examples from Roebourne, 60 miles from the Sherlock River, which are identical with Hampson’s type and with the types of chroma; they show very little variation. I never could understand why Sir George Hampson sank chroma as a synonym to annulata, Fabr., in ‘ Phalene,’ vol. i. p. 72.
Family Nycteolide. Ariolica chinensis, nov.
@. Palpi orange-chestnut, with white bands and tip; frons orange-chestnut ; head ochreous grey ; body and wings pure white : fore wings with pale orange-chestnut bands, sub- basal connected on the costa to the base, discal from centre of costa to the hinder angle, its inner side very sinuous, its outer side with two branches, one to the costa before apex and the other to the outer margin in the middle, where it joins a marginal band ; there is also a thin costal band from the centre to the apex; all these bands are more or less mar- gined with black on the sides: hind wings without markings. Underside white, with a blackish marginal band and a large orange-chestnut angular patch on the costa one third from apex, and black costal line broken in the middle.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. 4
50 On Eastern and Australian Moths.
Expanse of wings 7°5 inch.
Omei-shan, W. China.
There are some examples in the B. M. mixed up with A, pulchella, Elwes, but it is nearer the Japanese form A. ar- gentea, Butler ; the bands are coloured with a distinct tinge of orange in them, not olive-green as in pulchella, and they are not one half the width.
Family Trifide.
Leucania Moore?, noy. nom. Leucania abdominalis, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 338 (preeoce.).
Moolten, Shan States (J/anders) ; Dharmsala (//ocking) ; Port Blair, Andamans (Wimberley); Khandala, Bombay (Swinhoe) ; Bengal (Hampson); Khasia Hills (Hamilton).
Nonagria abdominalis, Walker, 1x. p. 131 (1856), from Australia, is a true Leucania, therefore Moore’s name must
fall. Family Thyridide.
Ethodoneura giulia, nov.
g. Orange-red, wings striated with brown-red: fore wings with the costa streaked with white and black at intervals; a black mark at end of cell; a black boot-shaped subapical patch, with the toe touching the outer margin above the middle, and some black dots in the space below it; cilia silvery ochreous white, with some black marks: hind wings with a black medial band, slightly disjointed above the middle; a black streak on outer margin from the anal angle to the middle of the excavation ; the rest of the margin with a few black marks ; cilia as in fore wings, without any black marks. Underside brighter, with numerous, transverse, more or less dislocated, red bands across both wings; three large glack patches on costa of fore wings and the boot-shaped subapical patch.
Expanse of wings 85 inch.
Milne Bay (Meck) ; two examples, type, in B. M.
In the B. M. Coll. this form is put with R. dntimalis, Moore, from Calcutta, as also is brunnealis, South, from China, ulterior, Warren, from Ceylon, compunctalis, Warren, from the Khasia Hills; but 1 do not believe that such very different-looking and different-sized moths can all belong to one species because they are more or less alike on their undersides ; besides the types ¢ 2 of dintima/is, there are two specimens from Calcutta and one from Ceylon.
On a new South-African Galeid Selachian. 51
Family Pyraustide.
FHemiscopys suffusalis.
Scopula (?) suffusalis, Walker, xxxiv. p. 1471 (1865). Botys Snellemannt, Snellen, Midd.-Sum. iv., Lep. p. 61 (1880). Pyrausta violacea, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) vii. p. 263. Type, Ceylon, in B. M.
Type (Snellemanni), Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen.
Type (véolacea), Queensland, in Coll. Lucas.
I have some examples from Queensland that have been
compared with Lucas’s type ; they are identical with Walker’s
type.
VII.—Deseription of a new South-African Galeid Selachian. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.
[Plate IV. ]
SCYLLIOGALEUS, gen. nov.
Characters of Wustelus, but nostrils as in Scyll’um, covered with broad flaps which extend to the border of the mouth.
Scylliogaleus Quecketti. (Pl. IV.)
Distance between the end of the snout and the base of the pectoral fin one fifth of the total length. Snout much de- pressed, twice as broad as deep, with rounded horizontal outline, as long as the distance between the eye and the first gill-cleft, once and two thirds the diameter of the eye ; spiracle small, oval, its diameter about equal to its distance from the eye; nasal flaps large, narrowly separated on the median line ; both jaws with a well-developed labial fold, extending from near the symphysis of the lower jaw to the nasal flap and notched at the angle of the mouth; outline of the mouth evenly curved, not angular; teeth small and very numerous in both jaws, arranged like pavement, flat and ribbed with very feeble ridges; first gill-cleft as long as the eye, fifth two thirds that length ; fourth and fifth gill-clefts above the base of the pectoral. Pectoral as long as its distance from the anterior border of the eye; ventral shorter, equally distant from spiraculum and from caudal fin; claspers small, simple. First dorsal midway between pectoral and ventral, its border strongly notched ; second dorsal similar in form, but a little
4%
52 On Benedenius deneensis, Traquair.
smaller, the posterior half of its base opposed to the small anal. Caudal fin two ninths of the total length, its lower lobe strongly notched. Dermal papille keeled and acutely pointed. Uniform grey above, white beneath; fins grey, caudal edged with white.
Total length 340 millim.
A single male specimen of this remarkable dog-fish was obtained off the coast of Natal in about 40 fathoms, and sent to me by Mr. F. J. Queckett, Curator of the Durban Museum, to whom IJ have much pleasure in dedicating the new species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Scylliogaleus Quecketti, + nat. size, with lower view of head, nat. size, and enlarged view of mandibular teeth.
VIII. — Further Remarks on the Carboniferous Ganoid,
Benedenius deneensis, Traquair. By G. A. BOULENGER, ERs:
Not long ago I had the privilege in these ‘ Annals’ * of adding to our knowledge of the rare fish Benedentus deneensis, of which specimens had been obtained from the original locality, a black-marble quarry at Denée, in Belgium, and deposited in the natural history collection of the Abbey of Maredsous. Quite recently yet another specimen has been brought to light in another quarry at Salet, near Denée, and having been acquired for the Maredsous collection, the Rev. Dom G. Fournier, O.8.B., has again been so kind as to place it in my hands for examination.
This new specimen appears to have been a little larger than the one previously figured in these ‘ Annals’ (pl. ix.), measuring 240 millim. to the base of the anal fin, the caudal region not being preserved. Its bones and scales are in so disturbed a condition that few points call for special comment ; but its chief interest lies in the fortunate fact that it affords the first definite information as to the shape of the teeth, and that, although the head cannot be described, the general proportions of the mouth leave no doubt as to the correctness of Dr. Traquair’s allocation of Wan Beneden’s supposed Paleoniscus to the Platysomide. The length of the gape in this specimen appears to have been only about 25 millim. The teeth in both jaws may be said to be intermediate in shape between those of Mesolepis and those of Lurysomus + ;
* Ser. 7, vol. iv. 1899, p. 445. + Cf. Traquair, Tr. R. Soc. Edinb. xxix. 1879, pl. iv.
~
On the Phyllostomatous Genera Mimon and Tonatia. 53
they are quite blunt, some with almost spherical crowns and with the base slightly but more or less distinctly constricted ; they measure only about 14 millim.
The longest branchiostegal rays, of which several lie scattered in various directions, measure about 25 millim. in length and 2 in width; they are therefore comparatively slender. The right ventral fin, pressed close to the origin of the anal, is well preserved and contains 14 rays, the longest of which measure 27 millim. The depth of the dorsal fin in front is 53 millim.
‘To sum up on the systematic affinities of Benedenius, from the evidence which we now possess, it may be said that that genus agrees most nearly in form and lepidosis with Eury- notus, in dentition with MJesolepis, whilst in the more slender branchiostegal rays it differs markedly from both, as well as fromall Platysomide and Paloniscide figured by Dr. Traquair or of which I have been able to examine specimens.
IX.—WNotes on the Phyllostomatous Genera Mimon and | = y ri Tonatia. By OLprieLD THOMAS.
Mr. ALPHONSE ROBERT has sent from Ypanema, Sao Paulo, a number of interesting leaf-nosed bats, and in working them out the following points have appeared and may be of service to students of the group.
Mimon Bennettit, Gray.
This excessively rare bat has hitherto only been known, so far as records are given, from the deteriorated type specimen, no. 7a in the British Museum, received before 1838. That specimen was without locality, and it is therefore of import- ance to record that Mr. Robert has found the species at Ypanema, whence he has sent half a dozen skins which agree closely in all essential characters with the type. Like it they have only two lower premolars, a point about which Dobson expressed some doubt.
TONATIA.
Dr. Allen * has stated that this name, based on Vampyrus bidens, Spix, antedates and invalidates my Vampyressa of 1900. But the latter was founded, not on Vampyrus bidens, Spix, but on Vampyrops bidens, Dobson, a bat belonging to
* Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. xiv. p. 184 (1901).
De Mr. P. Cameron on new
an entirely different group. The name Tonatia (Gray, 1827) was rightly applied by Mr. T. S. Palmer * in 1898 to the genus called Lophostoma (d’Orb., 1847) in Dobson’s Cata- logue, of which the type is Spix’s species.
Tonatia amblyotis, Wagn.
Examples of this rare bat have been received by the Museum from Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama (H. J. Watson), and Bogota (G@. D. Child). It may be noticed that by a mistranslation of a sentence in Peters’s description (“ durch ein kurzes Band mit der Stirn verbunden”’) the species is erroneously stated by Dobson to have a connecting-band across the forehead between the ears. ‘lhe structure described by Peters is the usual small basal band behind each ear present in all members of the group. The point is of im- portance, as Dobson has placed the character in a prominent position in his synopsis of species.
X.— Descriptions of new Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. CAMERON.
Tis paper is in continuation of previous papers published in this Magazine on the Hymenoptera of the Khasia Hills. The types of the species are in the Collection of Mr. G. A. J. Rothney.
Ampulex Rothneyi, sp. un.
Black, with some violet patches on the head and thorax, the basal half of the hinder femora red; the wings smoky, the stigma and nervures black; the front wings with two cubital cellules. @.
Long. 16-17 mm.
Antenne black, bare ; the third joimt nearly as long as the fourth and fifth united. Head well developed behind the eyes and not much narrowed there; the vertex is strongly punctured, more closely and strongly in front than behind ; the front is coarsely and irregularly punctured ; there is a longitudinal keel down the centre with some less distinet oblique keels running into it. Prothorax stout, twice longer than wide ; the base is narrowed and is separated from the main body by a curved furrow. Mesonotum with two irre- gular transverse rows of furrows on the basal half. The
* Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. xii. p. 111 (1898).
~
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills. 5d
three central keels on the median segment are of equal length and reach to the apical area, which has two irregular longitudinal and two irregular transverse keels; the central part has the transverse striz stout, those on the part border- ing it closer and finer; on the two outer they are stouter and more widely separated; the lateral teeth are broad at the base. The upper half of the mesopleurz is stoutly irregularly longitudinally striated; the lower strongly and closely punctured. The basal part of the metapleuree irre- gularly shagreened ; the lower irregularly obliquely striated. Legs black; the four anterior tibize and femora more or less blue in front; the tarsi are long and slender, with the joints not dilated. Abdomen black, very smooth and shining, The basal segment of the abdomen is narrowed into a narrow distinct petiole, which is clearly separated from the greatly dilated apical part, and it is nearly as long as it. The species is related to C. Consiancee, Cam., but is much larger than it or A. ruficornis, Cam.
Ampulex trichiosoma, sp. n.
Blue, marked with greenish tints ; the wings fuscous, with two transverse cubital nervures ; the head obliquely narrowed behind the eyes ; the pleurse coarsely reticulated.
Long. 13mm. ?.
Antenne black ; the scape dark blue; the third and fourth joints equal in length. The vertex and the upper half of the front are dark blue; they are strongly irregularly striated, and irregularly punctured on the sides; the striae behind and on the sides of the ocelli are curved, on the front they are twisted. The face and clypeus are minutely punctured ; the centre of the clypeus is keeled and ends at the apex in a short blunt tooth. The part behind the eyes is straight and is obliquely narrowed, and ends in a distinctl separated neck, which is not much more than one half of the space behind the eyes. Mandibles black. The head is somewhat thickly covered with long black hair. Prothorax two-thirds of the length of the mesothorax, distinetly but not very closely punctured and covered with long black hair; the prosternum rugosely punctured. Mesonotum strongly, irregularly, and deeply punctured; the punctures run into reticulations behind; the mesopleurz coarsely closely reticulated. Mesosternum coarsely transversely reti- culated. Median segment transversely striated; the three central keels reach to the base of the apical third of the segment ; the keel outside these reaches to the apex of the
56 Mr. P. Cameron on new
segment, which ends laterally in a stout, somewhat trian- gular tooth; the keel outside this again is shorter, reaching only to the base of the lateral tooth. Metapleurz in the middle stoutly irregularly reticulated. Legs dark blue, thickly covered with long black hair; the tarsal joints are long and slender, and not much dilated at their apices. Abdomen shining, with a more distinctly blue tint than the thorax ; the petiole is sparsely, minutely punctured; the . second segment is, if anything, more closely punctured than it at the base, at its apex the punctures are stronger and more numerous; the apical segments are coarsely rugosely reticulated and punctured. Wings fuscous, with a distinct violaceous tint; the first transverse cubital nervure is ob- literated entirely.
Ampulex ruficoxis, sp. 1.
Bluish green, sparsely punctured; the four posterior femora, trochanters, and coxe red; the wings fuscous violaceous, with three transverse cubital nervures ; the front with three longitudinal keels. @.
Long. 13 mm.
Antenne black, slender, bare; the third joint fully one- third longer than the fourth. Head bare; the vertex is sparsely punctured ; on the front a keel reaches from the ocelli to the face and one, two thirds of its length, runs to each antenna. Mandibles black, bare, rufous towards the apex. Protherax bare, in length about one-third longer than the width at the apex; there is a distinct longitudinal furrow in the middle. Mesonotum almost impunctate; the mesopleure with longitudinal rows of deep punctures. The central keel on the median segment is longer than those on either side of it; the outer one unites to that bounding the apex ; the striz are moderately stout and close; the apical slope is shagreened and, on the upper part, is obscurely obliquely striated ; the teeth are stout and bluntly rounded at the apex. The upper part of the metapleure is closely obliquely striated ; the lower impunctate. Legs dark blue; the four hinder femora, except at the apex, the four hinder trochanters, the hinder cox, and the greater part of the middle pair vermilion-red. Wings fuscous violaceous, paler at the base; the three transverse cubital nervures are distinct; the first two are oblique, parallel, and straight. Abdomen smooth and shining; blue for the greater part; the narrowed basal half of the petiole is red, like the femora ; the second segment is one-third longer than the width at the apex; all the segments are impunctate.
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia [Tills. 57
A distinct species. The characteristic features are the red coxze and trochanters, the smooth head and thorax, the longish slender antennze, and the three distinct longish keels on the front.
Cerceris fortinata, sp. 0.
Nigra, facie clypeoque flavis; lineis duabus pronoti, tegulis, post- scutello abdominisque segmento 3° late rufis ; alis hyalinis, anticis fumatis. 9.
Long. 12 mm.
Antennee black, the scape brownish beneath, the former minutely punctured and covered with long white hair. Head black, the face, the inner orbits broadly on the inner side, the clypeus and oral region, except at the apex, lemon-yellow ; front and vertex closely and strongly punctured and sparsely covered with longish white hair; the yellow-coloured part more sparsely punctured and (especially laterally) thickly covered with silvery pubescence; the apex of the clypeus slightly roundly projecting in the middle and depressed. Mandibles black, with a yellow mark at the base. Pro- notum aud mesothorax strongly and closely punctured ; the propleurz stoutly striated, the metapleuree at the base -above obliquely striated, below aciculated ; the apex rngosely punctured. On either side of the pronotum, behind, is a broad band ; the tegule and the postscutellum are rufous. The basal area on the median segment is triangular, is closely longitudinally striated, and has the basal half furrowed in the middle, the furrow being continued to the apex as an elongated area. Legs black, the knees and anterior tibiz and tarsi in front rufo-testaceous, as are also the fore claws ; the spurs are pale. Wings hyaline ; the fore wings broadly smoky in front, especially towards the apex, on the radial and cubital cellules. Abdomen black, the third segment, except for a broad curved mark at base, rufous; the fifth segment is rufous at the apex. Pygidium irregularly wrinkled; the apex smoother and dull rufous; the hypo- pygium is deeply incised in the middle at the apex, the sides forming stout teeth.
Comes into Bingham’s Section C ac’, near C, unifasciata.
Cerceris erythropoda, sp. n.
Head and thorax rufous, largely marked with black; the area on median segment black ; the petiole, the base of the second segment and the apex of the third rufous; the legs
58 Mr. P. Cameron on new
rufous ; the wings for the greater part smoky fuscous; the stigma and the apex of the costa fulvous. 9¢.
Long. 17 mm.
Antenne black ; the basal two joints and the greater part of the third rufous. Head dark rufous; the front except below, the vertex except a large semicircular mark behind the ocelli, and the occiput broadly in the centre, black. Front and vertex closely punctured ; the antennal keel stout, longish, and sharply pointed on the top. The cheeks are closely minutely rugosely punctured ; the face and the centre of the clypeus are shining and distinctly but not closely punctured; the sides are punctured like the cheeks. Man- dibles black, broadly rufous in the centre at the base. The upper part of the thorax is dark rufous, except the sides of the scutellum and postseutellum, and the area on the median segment, which are black; the pro- and mesopleure are black, execpt above. The thorax is closely and minutely punctured, and is thickly covered with bright pale fuscous pubescence. Legs rufous; the apex of the hinder tibize all round, the apical half on the outer side, and the tarsi black. The wings have the radial and cubital cellules darker coloured than the others. Abdomen black; the petiole, a band, rounded at the apex, on the base of the second segment and a narrow band on the apex of the third rufous, ‘The third and following segments are closely and distinctly punctured ; the basal two are less strongly ; the pygidium opaque, irre- eularly reticulated ; the fourth and fifth ventral segments are thickly covered with fuscous pubescence ; the imcision on the last segment is nearly as wide as it is long. The sides of the last segment are irregularly largely punctured. The petiole is short, broad at the sides, and nodose.
The apical margins of the abdominal segments are depressed and smooth. ‘The cheeks are covered densely with a golden pile, as are also the lower inner orbits. The area on the median segment is closely punctured and has a narrow smooth line down the middle. On the lower side of the mesopleure, near the apex, is a short, rounded, not very prominent, tubercle. The apex of the clypeus is roundly and deeply arched in front.
Comes near to C. dentata, Cam., but, apart from the structural differences, it may be known from it by the great extension of the rufous colour avd the absence of yellow markings.
Fossorial ITymenoptera from the Khasia [Hills, 59
Crabro assamensis, sp. 0.
Niger, nitidus, linea pronoti, scutello, postscutello basi apiceque abdominis flavis; coxis posticis subtus dentatis; alis hya- linis. <6.
Long. 8 mm.
Antenne black, the scape lemon-yellow beneath ; the base of the flagellum (the basal four joints) covered on the under- side with long soft white hair. Front and vertex shining, smooth, plumbeous black; the frontal furrow indistinct ; ocellis.*; the face and clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the apex of the clypeus projecting in the middle and transverse. Mandibles yellow, black at the base and apex. Thorax smooth and shining, above with a plumbeous line; a broad line on the edge of the pronotum, shghtly and roundly narrowed in the middle behind; the scutellum and postscutellum and the tubercles yellow. The “ enclosed space’ on the median segment is smooth and shining, and has a shallow furrow down the middle; the apical slope is aciculated irregularly on the upper edges ; the middle furrow is deep; the middle and the sides on the apical part (almost the half) are distinctly keeled ; pleurze smooth and shining ; the mesopleural furrow almost entirely and the lower half - of the metapleural are crenulated. Sternum thickly covered with white hair. Legs black; the apex of the trochanters, the lower part of the four anterior femora, the outer side of the four anterior tibiz, and a line on the outer side of the posterior, yellow ; the middle tarsal joints are more or less rufous, as are also the calcaria; on the inner side of the hinder coxze at the base is a broad tooth, narrowed and rounded at the apex; the intermediate tarsi have the middle joints spined. ‘The petiole above has the sides and apex lemon-yellow ; the black at the apex is dilated in the middle ; below the apex is broadly yellow ; the apex of the penulti- mate and the whole of the last segments are yellow; on the apex of the penultimate ventral segment are, in the middle, two broad projecting spines, which are narrowed towards the top; the base of the hypopygium is broadly raised at the base.
The female may have an irregular mark on the sides of the second and third abdominal segments, that on the third being the larger and more irregular; there may be a minute mark on the sides of the fourth; the large mark on the scutellum may be more or less incised at the apex; the pygidium is for the greater part yellow, and there may be
60 Mr. P. Cameron on new
yellow on the penultimate segment. The quantity of yellow on the tibize and on the femora in the male varies.
Crabro melanotarsis, sp. 1.
Niger, scapo antennarum, linea pronoti, scutello, postscutello,
femoribus, tibiis lineaque basi abdominis segmenti 3! flavis. 9. Long. 12 mm.
Scape of antenne yellow; the flagellum covered with a pale down. Front and vertex alutaceous, sparsely covered with longish fuscous hair and with a golden down. Ocelli .*. Face and clypeus thickly covered with golden-silvery pu- bescence, keeled in the middle; the apex of the clypeus transverse. Mandibles black. Thorax alutaceous, neither punctured nor striated; a broad band on the pronotum, the tubercles, the scutellum, and postscutellum yellow ; there is a longitudinal furrow above the middle of the meso- pleure. ‘The “enclosed spot” on the median segment is alutaceous, there are a few striz outside it; the middle furrow is narrow, but distinct. Legs black; the femora and tibiz yellow. Wings smoky; the stigma fulvous ; the nervures darker. Abdomen black, except for a yellow band near the base of the third segment ; the pygidium is shining, its base bears large deep punctures ; the middle is almost bare, the apex has a few small punctures; the penultimate segment bears a golden down.
Belongs to Bingham’s Section B, in which it might form a new division f. ‘* Mesonotum opaque, alutaceous,” not distinetly punctured as in ¢.
Crabro fulvopilosellus, sp. n. Niger, flagello antennarum subtus testaceo; abdomine flavo macu- lato, medio dense fulvo piloso ; alis fusco-hyalinis. @. Long. 14 mm.
Scape of antennz lemon-yellow ; the base of the flagellum rufo-testaceous, the rest of it testaceous, black above. The front is closely punctured ; the vertex less closely and not quite so distinctly ; the front is densely covered with golden pubescence ; the vertex is sparsely covered with pale fuscous, behind with golden, pubescence ; the outer orbits densely with silvery pubescence. Ocelli *.*; below them is a shallow furrow. Clypeus keeled in the middle, densely covered with pale golden pubescence; its sides are waved; below the eyes the pile is of a brighter golden colour. On the pro- notum is an interrupted yellow band; there isa yellow mark
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia ITills, 61
on its lower edge, a yellow mark on either side of the scutellum at the base, and the postscutellum is for the greater part yellow. The mesonotum is closely obliquely striated at the base; at the apex the striz become longi- tudinal. The postscutellum is longitudinally striated. The “enclosed space” on the median segment has, on either side, three oblique keels, and there is also one on the outer side ;
the sides are irregularly obliquely striated, stoutly on the top, indistinctly and irregularly below. Propleurie irregu- larly and indistinctly striated; the mesopleurze strongly longitudinally striated, the perpendicular furrow with a few
striations ; the metapleurz closely striated. Wings fuscous hyaline; the nervures black. Legs black ; the four posterior trochanters are for the greater ‘part yellow ; the four pos- terior femora are broadly lined with yellow below ; the middle have a yellow mark on the apex above; the four anterior tibize are more or less testaceous in front ; the cal- caria are dark testaceous; the base of the metatarsus is yellow. Abdomen black ; the second and following segments marked laterally with irregular yellow marks, the mark on the second being the larger; on the penultimate is a broad transverse yellow band; the apex of the second narrowly, and the third and fourth are broadly, covered with dark _fulvous pubescence ; the pygidium is depressed at the apex, and has, on the sides, some large deep fovew ; the sides are sharply keeled ; at the base of the depressed part there is, in the centre, a small yellow mark.
Belongs to the section with non-petiolated abdomen, and
comes near to C. auricomus, Bingham (Faun. Br. Ind., Hymen. 1. p. 322).
Crabo khasianus, sp. un.
Niger, basi mandibularum, scapo antennarum, linea pronoti, scutello, postscutello, pedibus lineisque abdominis flavis; pedibus flavis, coxis nigris ; alis fumato-hyalinis, stigmate nervisque fulvis. 9.
Long. 15 mm.
Comes nearest to C. auricomus, Bing.: that species may be known from it by having the base of the median segment reticulated; the pronotum has only “ indications ” jot a median groove, the tibiz have only “very few spines,’’ and the pronotum has no yellow line. Antenne black, short ; the scape straw-yellow, bare, shining. Head large, broad, largely developed behind the eyes ; the face, clypeus, front, and hinder orbits covered with golden pubescence ; the vertex has a bluish tinge, is shining, obscurely punctured, in front
62 Mr. P. Cameron on new
sparsely, behind thickly, covered with dark fulvous hair; the upper part of the front indistinctly, the lower more dis- tinctly furrowed. Mandibles yellow, except at the apex, their base rugose; the eyes are oblique on the inner side above; the ocelli *.* Thorax black ; the apex of the pro- notum, tegule, scutellum, its tubercles, the apex of the postscutellum, the pleural tubercles, and an oblique mark, more than double their length, yellow. The hair on the thorax is dense, short, dark fulvous above, paler on the sides ; the furrow on the centre of the pronotum is deep and moderately wide; the base of the mesonotum is strongly and closely transversely striated, the striz are curved at the sides. Scutellum strongly and closely punctured. Median segment opaque ; its base obscurely longitudinally striated ; the apex has an oblique slope, is furrowed narrowly down the centre, and, at the apex, is irregularly transversely striated. Propleurze opaque, the lower part in the middle with some stout longitudinal keels ; mesopleure shining, finely striated, more strongly and closely below than above ; the metapleurze finely and closely obliquely striated. Mesosternum closely punctured and thickly covered with fulvous hair. Legs yellow, their coxee black; the apices of the tarsi and the hinder knees blackish; the hinder tibize stoutly and thickly spinose. Wings hyaline, with a distinct fulvous tint; the stigma and nervures are dark fulvous. Abdomen black, covered with a fulvous pile; the base of the petiole is trian- galar; there is a transverse yellow line near the apex of the petiole, a large transverse line, roundly incised at the apex, on the middle of the second segment, a narrower one in the centre of the third and fourth, both incised in the middle at the base, and a broader one on the sixth, yellow. The pygidial area is shining, its sides sharply margined, the basal two-thirds with large deep punctures, each haying a long pale hair; the apex is closely finely rugosely punctured. The ventral surface is black; in the centre of the second segment are four small yellow marks, the two central being placed more behind than the others; the apices of the second and third segments are obscure rufous.
The colour of the hair in C. auricomus is not stated ; the strize on the mesonotum are called “ very fine and regular,” the scutellum is said to be “slightly punctured ” only, the wings “hyaline,” in all of which poits it differs from C. khasianus.
The male is similarly coloured; the middle joints of the antenne are broadly dilated on the underside, and the flagellum is brownish on the underside. The apex of the
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Fills. 63
median segment is, in some examples, distinctly trausversely striated.
This is probably a variable species as regards coloration, size, and sculpture.
Psen nigrinervis, sp. 1. Niger, facie clypeoque dense argenteo pilosis; petiolo levo; alis
hyalinis, nervis stigmateque nigris. 2.
Long. 11 mm.
Antenne black ; the scape sparsely covered with longish white hair; the flagellum almost bare. Head shining, the face, clypeus, and the outer orbits, except at the top, densely covered with long silvery hair; the front and vertex finely and closely punctured, more sparsely near the eyes; they are covered with long black hair; the front is not furrowed. Mandibles sparsely covered with white hair, and rufous before the teeth. Pro- and mesothorax sparsely covered with long fuscous hair; the metathorax, except at the base, more thickly with long white hair; the mesonotum closely and moderately strongly punctured ; the scutellum impunc- tate; the basal area on the median segment strongly longi- tudinally irregularly striated, the central more widely separated than the lateral; the apex of the segment has an oblique slope; in the centre above there is a shallow area, rounded at the top; the apex with the sides bordered by oblique keels; the middle with a deep sharply bordered furrow, which becomes wider and deeper towards the apex ; the sides have three stout oblique keels. Pro- and meso- pleuree smooth, the base of the latter with a crenulated furrow ; the upper part of the mesopleure roundly raised and bordered below by a narrow furrow. The apex of the metapleure is reticulated and bordered on the inner side by a stout keel; the base is deeply depressed. Mesosternum smooth, shining, and covered with long fuscous hair; the broad middle furrow has a central keel. Legs covered with longish white hair; the calcaria, spines, and claws rufo- {estaceous. Wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous tinge; the first cubital cellule is half the length of the third, and receives the recurrent nervure in the basal fourth; the second recurrent nervure is interstitial. Abdomen, including the petiole, smooth and shining ; the pygidial area closely acicu- lated, the sides with a few punctures margined by a distinct keel.
The transverse median nervure is not quite interstitial, it being received shortly behind the transverse basal; the apex
64 Mr. PY Cameron on new
of the clypeus projects outwardly and jis slightly incised in the centre; the two longitudinal furrows on the basal half of the Soenoao nana are Sib See ; there is a narrow keel on front extending from the front ocellus to the antennz. The keels on the median segment are very irregular and more or less broken or disconnected ; there is no central depression ; the third joint of the antennz is about one-third longer than the fourth. There is no clearly defined area on the base of the median segment. The species is allied to P. orientalis and P. reticulatus.
Tachytes andreniformis, sp. n.
Nigra, capite thoraceque dense aureo pilosis; pedibus rufis, coxis, trochanteribus basique femorum nigris; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fere fumatis ; cellula cubitali 2* duplo longiore quam 1*. 9°.
Long. 17 mm.
Scape of antennze brownish beneath, sparsely covered with long fuscous hair; the flagellum thickly covered with a pale down. Vertex covered with long fuscous hair, which does not hide the skin; the front, face, and clypeus thickly covered with longish bright golden hair, hiding completely the texture. Base of mandibles covered with “pale golden pile, the middle is rufous; palpi bright rufo- testaceous. Thorax covered all over with bright fulvous hair ; ; the texture under the hair is granular. On the mesosternum behind the transverse keel is a narrower longitudinal one; the meta- sternal area has a narrow keel, narrowed in the middle down the centre, the apex is depressed and rounded. Legs bright rufous, the coxe, trochanters, and sometimes the base of femora, black; the tibial and tarsal spines are rufous. W ings distinctly yellowish hyaline; the nervures rufous, the apex slightly infuscated; at the top the first cubital cellule is equal in length to one-third the length of the second; the first feanecnse cubital nervure is obliquely curved above the lower fourth ; the second recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle of the cellule. Abdo- men black, shining, the basal segment thickly covered with fuscous hair ; the hypopygium is “thickly covered with bright fiery-red pubescence ; ; the epipygium is distinctly incised on the apex, the sides of the incision are somew hat oblique. The second recurrent nervure is roundly curved, not angled anywhere.
Agrees in form and coloration with 7. fulvopilosa, which may be known from it by the first cubital cellule being not
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasta [Hitls. 65
much shorter than the second, by the lower half of the first transverse cubital nervure being roundly curved, and by the lower part of the second recurrent nervure being angled.
Philanthus dentatus, sp. un.
Niger, clypeo, basi mandibularum maculisque duabus metanoti flavis; alis hyalinis, nervis stigmateque testaceils. @. Long, 13-14 mm.
Antenne black, the apex brownish beneath; the base of the flagellum distinctly narrowed, shining. Head black ; the clypeus, a curved mark between the antenne, the inner orbits broadly from the incision, the mandibles, except at the apex, the maxille, and a small mark in the middle behind the eyes, yellow. The eclypeus is broadly and shal- lowly depressed in the middle; the apex is slightly depressed ; black, marked with some indistinct striz and roundly pro- jecting; the sides above in the centre armed with stout black teeth. The vertex bears shallow punctures, which are more widely separated in the middle; the front is closely longitudinally punctured ; the front ocellus anteriorly and the hinder ocelli laterally are bordered by a smooth shining depression; the outer orbits, except at the top, are impunc- tate. Thorax biack, a small spot on the edge of the pronotum, the apex of the tubercles, a small mark behind them, and two small spots on the apex of the median segment, yellow. The pronotum above is transverse, raised and projects trian- gularly at the sides, and finely rugose. Mesonotum strongly and closely punctured. Scutellum shining, smooth, the sides and apex punctured. Postscutellum closely punctured. Median segment closely punctured ; the base more closely than the apex ; the base with a shallow indistinct furrow in the middle; the apex with a much wider deeper depression, which is smooth and shining, especially at the apex. Pleurz closely punctured ; the mesosternum less strongly punctured and more shining. Legs black ; the apex of the femora, tibiz, and the tarsi yellow in front, the posterior femora at the base yellow all round; the spies on the tibize and tarsi are numerous, stout, and sharp. On the apex of the petiole are two rufous marks with a small yellow mark on their outer side; the second segment is rufous, with a wedge- shaped mark in the middle, the narrow end being at the base, and at the apex, on the sides, is a yellow mark; the third, fourth, and fifth segments are lined with yellow at the
Ann. & Mag, N. Hst..ser. 1. Vol. x 3
66 Mr. P. Cameron on new
apex; the last segment is shining, black, and bears a broad row of large punctures outside the middle.
The petiole is longer than the second segment, is narrow at the base, becoming gradually, but not much, wider towards the apex; the second segment has a narrow smooth depres- sion at the base; the ventral segments are yellow on the sides. The eyes are distinctly emarginate on the inner side above.
A distinct species. In Bingham’s arrangement (p. 294) it would come in near depredator and basalis.
Pseudagenia erythropoda, sp. n.
Nigra, dense aureo-pilosa ; pedibus rufis, coxis trochanteribusque nigris ; alis fusco-violaceis. ¢. Long. 18-19 mm.
Hab. Sikkim, Khasia Hills, and Madras.
Antenne entirely black, covered with a depressed pile. Head densely covered with golden pubescence; the hinder ocelli are separated from the eyes by a greater distance than they are from each other. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, bare, the rest covered with golden pubescence. Man- dibles black or dark rufous, and covered thickly with depressed dark fulvous pubescence; the pubescence of variable tint. Thorax densely covered with depressed golden pu- bescence ; the median segment strongly transversely striated, broadly furrowed down the centre, the furrow becoming wider towards the apex; the metapleurze above obliquely striated. Legs rufous; the coxz and trochanters black ; the apices of the tarsal joints more or less black ; the hinder spurs are black, at the base thickly covered with fulvous pubescence. Wings dark violaceous, the hinder pair lighter in colour; the transverse median nervure is received at some distance in front of the transverse basal; the first recurrent nervure is received at the base of the apical third, the second near the apex of the basal third of the cellule. Abdomen pruinose ; the pygidial area is clearly defined, smooth, and shining, and is fringed laterally with long pale fulvous hair.
Comes nearest to P. danaé, which differs from it, inter alia, in having the scape of the antennz and the trochanters ferruginous. The tarsi are rather thickly covered with short stiff spies; the amount of black on the hinder pair varies. Except that the basal cellule is paler, the fore wings are uniformly coloured. The species shows an approach to Macromerus.
Fossorial [Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills, 67
Pseudagenia montanata, sp. nu.
Nigra, femoribus posticis rufis; alis fere hyalinis, nervis nigris, cellula cubitali 2* longiore quam 1%. 9. Long. 13-14 mm.
Face and clypeus densely covered with silvery pubescence ; the sides of the clypeus oblique ; the apex depressed, smooth, and shining ; the base of mandibles thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Palpi black, covered with silvery pu- bescence ; the apex of mandibles piceous. Eyes scarcely converging above. Thorax thickly covered with silvery pubes- cence; scutellum and postscutellum aciculated. Median segment strongly, somewhat irregularly, but not very closely, transversely striated ; the basal part broadly, but not deeply, furrowed down the middle. Pleurz pruinose; the oblique furrow on the mesopleure narrow, but distinct; the part of the metapleure above the furrow is obliquely striated. Legs black, pruinose ; the hinder femora, except at the extreme base and apex, red. Wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous tinge: the first cubital cellule is distinctly shorter than the second above and beneath; the first transverse cubital nervure is roundly curved ; the transverse median nervure is widely remote from the transverse basal; the accessory nervure in the hind wing is shortly appendiculated. The wings have a slight, but distinct, fulvous-violaceous tinge. The tibize are slightly, the tarsi more thickly spmose. Tegule black. The abdomen is as long as the thorax; the base of the petiole is distinctly narrowed ; the apical segments and, to a less extent, the basal are densely pruinose. The upper part of the propleura is broadly rounded; this dilated part is bordered at the apex below by a curved furrow, the part below this is roundly dilated, but not so much as the lower part. The apical part of the pronotum is transverse in the centre at the base. The claws are toothed at the base.
Comes nearest to P. stulta, Bingham.
Pseudagenia gnoma, sp. n.
Nigra, femoribus posticis rufis ; alis hyalinis, macula substigmatali fusca. @. Long. 10 mm.
Face and clypeus densely covered with a silvery pile. The apex of the clypeus depressed, smooth, and shining ; the sides oblique to near the middle, which is rounded. Man- dible black, broadly rufous before the apex; palpi black,
68 On new Ilymenoptera from the Khasia LHills,
covered with white pubescence. Eyes parallel, slightly con- verging at the top and bottom; the hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by double the distance they are from each other. Thorax pruinose; the median segment alutaceous, finely and closely transversely striated, obscurely at the base, more strongly at the apex; on the basal region in the middle is a broad shallow furrow. Legs pruinose, the tibiz and tarsi spinose ; the hinder femora ferruginous, except at the base and apex. Wings hyaline, iridescent, a fuscous cloud at the apex of the stigma, extending to the middle of the discoidal cellule on the inner side of the second recurrent nervure ; the first cubital cellule is slightly shorter than the second ; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly, but distinctly, in front of the middle, the second near the apex of the basal fourth of the cellule. Abdomen pruinose.
Comes nearest to P. hypsipyle in Bingham’s Section D, p. 108, but is abundantly distinct.
Pseudagenia excellens, sp. n.
Ferruginea, dense aureo-pilosa ; metanoto striato ; alis fere hyalinis, neryis fuscis. @. Long. 15 mm.
Antennee of a paler ferruginous colour than the body, bare; the scape covered with short fulvous pubescence; the apical joints blackish. Front and vertex alutaceous, bare ; the clypeus covered with depressed golden pubescence. Clypeus roundly convex, the apex smooth, bare, shining ; the sides of the apex oblique. Mandibles of a shghtly paler tint than the clypeus ; the apex black ; palpi with only the basal joints pilose. Eyes parallel; distinctly curved on the inner side. The propleure before the tegule raised, the raised part at the base bounded by a deep furrow; in the centre of the mesopleuree is a narrow slightly oblique furrow, from its end a broader furrow runs to the bottom, this furrow being dilated at the top and bottom and irregularly striated. Mesosternum black ; the sides at the apex roundly tuberculate. Legs of a brighter, slightly paler tint than the body; the apices of the joints of the hinder tarsi black. Wings hyaline, with a distinct fulvous smoky tint; the nervures dark fulvous; the second and third cubital cellules are equal in length on the top; the first recurrent nervure is received in the middle, the second near the apex of the basal third of the cellule; the basal two transverse cubital nervures are straight, oblique ; the third is roundly curved,
On new Cichlid Fishes from Lake Nyassa. 69
Abdomen shining, the base of the petiole black ; the apex of the pygidium is depressed, smooth, and shining, its sides keeled.
In Bingham’s arrangement (Faun. Br. Ind., Hym. i. p. 107) this species would form a new section of A. “ Wings yellow, apex infuscate.” c. Head, thorax, and abdomen ferruginous, the head covered with a bright golden pile.
[To be continued. |
XI.—Diagnoses of new Cichlid Fishes discovered by Mr.
J, HE. 8. Moore in Lake Nyassa. By G. A. BOULENGER, Bb.
Paratilupia nototenia. D. XVII10. A.IIL9. Sq. 365. Lat. 1. 23/9.
Five series of teeth in both jaws, outer largest. Depth of body 22 times in total length, length of head 8. Snout with convex upper profile, a little longer than the eye, the diameter of which is 4 times in length of head; maxillary extending _ to below anterior border of eye; 3 series of large scales on the cheek; 11 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal spines increasing in length to the last, which measures a little more than 4 length of head. Third anal spine } length of head. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as deep. Scales with finely denticulated border. Brown above, white beneath; a blackish band along each side of the back, above the lateral line; dorsal fin with a regular series of round brown spots between every two rays; ventrals and anal blackish.
Total length 230 millim.
A single badly preserved specimen.
CYRTOCARA, gen. nov.
Allied to Paratilapia, but membrane between the dorsal and anal spines with rectilinear edge, not forming lappets, and four spines in the anal fin. Jaws with broad bands of conical slightly curved teeth, the outer enlarged and pointing out- wards.
Whether or not the hump on the forehead, from which the generic name is derived, is a sexual character, as in some South-American Cichlid, is at present uncertain,
70 On new Cichlid Fishes from Lake Nyassa.
Cyrtocara Moort’. D. XVII. A.1V 8. Sq..37 =: I lat.125/16-
Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 33. Forehead with a strong dermal gibbosity; snout short, its profile descending very steeply ; diameter of eye 34 times in length of head; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; lower jaw projecting ; four series of scales on the cheek ; 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal spines rather feeble, increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 length of head; longest dorsal rays as long as head. Pectoral a little longer than heal. Ventral as long as head. Candal densely scaled, deeply notched. Scales with very indistinctly denticulate border. Brown above, whitish beneath ; fins darker.
Total length 185 millim.
A single specimen.
Petrochromis Nyasse.
D. XIX 8. A. TIL7..Sq..35.57. La lat, 23/14.
Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 3. Diameter of eye 4 times in length of head; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth extremely numerous, forming very broad bands in both jaws; 4 series of scales on the cheek; 13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal spines equal from the seventh, nearly half as long as head. Pectoral a little longer than head, nearly reaching origin of anal; ventral much produced, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal slightly emarginate. Uniform olive- brown; a blackish opercular spot ; dorsal and anal fins edged with blackish.
Total length 185 millim.
A single specimen.
Closely allied to P. polyodon, Blgr., from Lake Tanganyika, but one spine more in the dorsal, pectoral and ventral more elongate, and scales more numerous in a vertical series.
HEMITILAPIA, gen. nov.
Like Tvlapia, Smith, but jaws with moderately broad bands of slender club-shaped movable teeth, with slightly incurved crowns, those of the outer series larger, with the crown obliquely truncate and pointing forwards.
Bibliographical Notices. a
[lemitilapia oxyrhynchus, Dex tia "Ae TIT 9, "Sq..36-—. “Wat: 1. 29/15.
Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 3. Snout pointed, with concave profile, 1 to twice as Jong as the eye, the diameter of which is 4 to nearly 5 times in leneth of head; maxillary extending to between nostril and eye; 4 series of scales on the cheek ; 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Last dorsal spine longest, ? length of head ; longest dorsal rays nearly as long as head. Scales with very finely denticulate border.
Total length 180 millim.
Two specimens, in poor condition.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
Paleontologia Indica. Series XVI. Vol. I. Part 3. Fauna of the Upper Cretaceous (Muéstrichtian) Beds of the Mart Hills. By Fritz Noertine, Ph.])., Paleontologist, Geol. Surv. India. Folio. 79 pages; plates ixxiiil. Calcutta: Geol. Survey Office. London: Kegan Paul & Co. 1897.
Ir is believed that this account of the species here described and figured has a special interest in throwing some light on the geo- graphical distribution of the Upper Cretaceous fauna. ‘The fossils of this formation collected in Baluchistan (77 in number) afford 66 determinable species, of which 42 are new, and 24 are identified with forms previously described. Of these last, there are seyen which hitherto are only known to occur in Indian or Central-Asian beds, viz. :—
—
. Cardita Beaumonti, d@ Arch. § Haime (Sind); var. baluchistan- ensis, Noetd.
. Cardita subcomplanata, @’ Arch. § Haime, Sind.
. Radiolites subdilatata, Muschketoff. In strata of Senonian age in Turkestan.
. Corbula harpa, d' Arch. § Haime. Sind.
. Ovula expansa, d’ Arch. § Haime. Sind.
. Volutilithes latisepta, Stoliczka. In the Ariyahir strata of Southern India.
. Nautilus subfleuriausianus, @’ Arch. § Haime. Sind.
Qoe Co ho
7
There remain, therefore, 17 species, or 26 per cent. of the total number, which the Baluchistan Upper Cretaceous Beds have in common with the Cretaceous Beds of Europe; and it is these we have chiefly to consider in looking for information as to the age and correlation of the //emipneustes beds (as they may be conveniently
72 Bibliographical Notices.
styled). The following table indicates to some extent the geological distribution of these 17 species :—
1. Orbitolites macropora, Defr.......... siatasiigirhaenalert 4a CSE Lees Ss x ZOrbitoides|socialis 127/277) nan-b en. eee cias caace rhe ca eer ene eee eee x 3. Cyclolites regularis, Legi. tue, coniescesncevecep sesh ee ereer anette mee eee ene * Ab yrina avaxensis,"COCLEAt srt sssecerestees se esee eens ee ete eee * 5. Hemipneustes pyrenaicus, Hébert .......24..cccsccdvcecseetaecdeeceenees * 6. Hemipneustes Leymeriei, Hébert .............00c000 SPgogbaczegcood0.ser * (. Ostreavacutinostris.ViZlSs07 tamccecen eee eee eee ce eee rae eee ae ae ee ee xt 8. ‘Ostrea pectinata, Hamarelh, 6.2. .\usen aces scenece ceeteotece eee xt 9. Ostrea ungulata, (Schloihis4...4ai. ssse0- seed san. vocdddectle tea eae % 10)- Gry plea vesicwlaris, Hamarcies.. wat... sagagonrnceaescerdest eee ener x TL, Rxopyra pyrenaieay Ley ii ee-ceras.<aascosscceeess anecuse. none feoudno Sate * 12. Spondylus santoniensis, @’ Orb. ............cceeeceeeee osc ooen nels «es wep tee xt? 13 sVolaiquadricostata, Sw: vn -wecdesscsseccsateeh saetareeee ee cee ae * 14. SPecten Dujardints oemer’\\o. 82 i tncacctieaee ease. saree eee xt 15)Crochus: Wartetiantss Tea: .scecducsisscot soeteeee ean eee * IG Neritaponticand: Archi. wcuccessssetio ne eco ee ee ee xt? 17. Nautilus sublevigatus, d Orb. (N. Labechi, d Arch. §& Haime) ...... xt?
The species marked * belong to the Aturian or Upper Senonian Series ; and those marked t to the Emscherian or Lower Senonian Series also.
It is suggested by the author, with some reserve, that there is good evidence of the Cardita Beaumont: beds belonging to a higher position in the Cretaceous series than Hemipneusies beds; and he thinks that the above list unquestionably shows that the Hemi- pneustes beds of Baluchistin are of Senonian age, representing the upper part (or étage Aturien) of that formation, and most probably homotaxial with the étage Maéstrichtien of the French authors.
As to the relationship of the Hemipneustes beds to those of similar age in other parts of the world, Dr. Noetling finds it difficult to define. In Southern India only six species seem to be common to Baluchistin and Ariyahir in Southern India, namely Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13, together with Volutilithes latisepta, Stoliczka.
““The Upper Cretaceous beds of Asia Minor share only a few species with the Hemzpneustes beds. The fauna of the Upper
‘retaceous beds of the south-western corner of France bears a strong resemblance to that of the Hemipneustes beds of Baluchistin. Except such ubiquitous formsas Vola quadricostata, &c., the following species are common both to the Maéstrichtian of south-western France and the //emipneustes beds of Baluchistéin :—
Orbitolites macropora, Defr. Hemipneustes Leymeriei, /7éb, Orbitoides socialis, Leym. Exogyra pyrenaica, Leym. Cyclolites regularis, Leym. Trochus Lartetianus, Leym. Pyrina ataxensis, Cott. Nerita pontica, d’Arch,
Hemipneustes pyrenaicus, Héb,
«And probably also
Nautilus sublevigatus, 7’ Arch.
“Tt is certainly highly remarkable that, even if we exclude the first and last two species, as occurring elsewhere in similar strata, there are certainly six species which have hitherto only been ob-
Bibliographical Notices. 73
served in the Upper Cretaceous beds of Southern France and the Hemipneustes beds of Baluchistan. This seems to point to similar physical conditions under which the Upper Cretaceous beds were deposited in South-western France and Baluchistan. Another most remarkable fact is that the Hemipuneustes beds do not share a single specimen with the Upper Cretaceous beds of Palestine and North Africa. It may be doubtful whether strata of the age of the Hemi- pneustes beds are developed in Palestine; but they certainly occur in North Africa.
“These considerations lead us to the conclusion that the Hemz- pneustes beds are of Upper Senonian age, and most probably represent the étage Maéstrichtien. The fauna therein contained bears hardly any resemblance to the fauna of similar age in Southern India or Northern Africa. On the other hand, it exhibits the closest relation- ship to the fauna contained in beds of similar age of South-western France. The fauna of the Hemipneustes beds must therefore be considered as belonging to the European province of the later Cretaceous sea, and living probably in close proximity to its eastern shores. This sea was most probably divided by a comparatively narrow land-barrier from the sea in which the Upper Cretaceous fauna of Southern India lived—a view first expressed by Dr, Blan- ford, and not, as I erroneously stated, by the late Professor Neumayr.”
The 23 quarto plates supply good illustrations of seventy-nine Upper Cretaceous Baluchistin species, fully described as 3 Rhizopods, 3 Corals, 16 Echinoderms, 26 Pelecypods, 24 Gasteropods, 6 Cepha- lopods, and 1 Crustacean, The several generic facies remind us of some of the Lower Cretaceous, as well as of many of the Upper Cretaceous, forms of Western Europe.
The author is conscientiously careful in terminology and nomen- elature, and is very correct in orthography; yet the modern confusion in the names of the Ammonoidea has entangled him, as usual with less educated writers, and allowed him to let slip a false concord in the specific name of Zndoveras at several pages.
Notes on the Morphology of the Pelecypoda. By Frirz Noxrrre, Ph.D., F.G.S. Paleontologia Indica. New Series. Vol. I. Part 2. 57 pages, 4 plates (ii. to v.), and 8 cuts. Folio. 1899. Cal- cutta: Geol. Survey Office. London: Kegan Paul & Co.
Arter dwelling on the insufficiency of the common method of describing the hinge-teeth of the Bivalved Molluscs (Bivalvia, Linné, Acephala, Cuvier, Lamellibranchia, Blainville, Pelecypoda, Goldfuss), which are here treated under the group-name given by Goldfuss, the author proceeds to illustrate and explain the well-based and philosophical system of terminology for these teeth as elaborated by Munier-Chalmas, Stefanescu, and Bernard, and founded on the development of the hinge, Although the homologies are as yet
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. 6
v4 Bibliographical Notices.
imperfect, and suggestions may be made for improvement in the details, the eminent scientists have done good in opening up a vast field of research for conchologists. Dr. Noetling gives his reasons for preferring Prof. Bernard’s system, and adopts it with some minor alterations. The following statements are nearly all in the author’s own words.
The teeth have been evolved from primary lamell (that is, simple ridges) on the anterior and posterior side of the cardinal margin. The posterior primary lamelle remained simple throughout the whole life, and no case is known in which secondary teeth originated from them; but whether originally or only subsequently, they are always anteriorly inclined (prosocline). The anterior primary lamelle, however, indicate various changes at their posterior end by thickening and curving, which eventually resulted in the differen- tiation of the cardinal teeth. In the differentiated primary lamelle the anterior laterals are always, and the anterior cardinals mostly, posteriorly inclined (opisthocline), while the posterior cardinals are always prosocline.
It is supposed that the anterior cardinal tooth was formed at the posterior end of the primary lamelle, and by further growth the posterior cardinal was developed. This would prove that (1) the anterior and posterior laterals are the oldest teeth of the bivalve shell, and should therefore be present in the geological oldest species; (2) the anterior cardinal was formed afterwards, and is there- fore younger than the laterals, but older than the posterior cardinal ; (3) the posterior cardinal was formed latest, and therefore must be regarded as the youngest of all the teeth: geologically old species could therefore have no posterior cardinal.
Of the several primary lamelle those on the dorsal side of one another appear to be older than the ventral lamelle, just as the ventral portion of a bivalve shell is younger than the dorsal part, according to the evident direction of growth in the shell.
This relative development of the dorsal primary lamella as older than the ventrals is evident in the hinge of Peetuneulus and Arca, as given by Bernard, for the increase of lamelle takes place at the ventral side of the first; and the more lamella whieh appear ventrally, the more the older lamella move directly and internally until they disappear entirely. Thus the ventral primary lamelle are the youngest ; and an increase of number takes place on the ventral and not on the dorsal side. Shells having a hinge resulting from the evolution of ventrally situated lamelle would therefore represent a modern type; whilst others, in which the hinge has developed from the more dorsal lamelle, represent a more archaie type.
Dr. Noetling states (page 9) that in examining the hinge of several Recent and Miocene genera, represented by 18 species (described at pages 9-57, and illustrated on plates 1i. to v., with 35 figures and 4 diagrams), on the basis of MM. Munier-Chalmas and Bernard’s methods, he has remarked some very noticeable features in the development of the hinge of the Pelecypoda.
Geological Society. 75
The genera here described he classifies in three groups, as follows :—
“J, The first group, including the genus Cardita and the family Veneride, is distinguished by the reduction of the anterior and posterior laterals with regard to number and strength ; on the other hand, the cardinals have strongly developed with regard to their thickness, though there is unquestion- ably a tendency towards the reduction of number by resorption of the posterior cardinals of higher order.
“TI, The second group comprises the genus Mactra. In this genus just the reverse takes place as in the first group ; the anterior and posterior laterals are strongly developed with regard to number and strength ; on the other hand, the cardinals are almost rudimentary, while their number is greatly reduced.
“III. The third group is represented by the genus Metocardia ; in this genus laterals and cardinals are neither reduced in number, nor has the strength of one been increased at the expense of the other; the peeuliar feature is that originally separate teeth, originating from different primary lamelle, have become amalgamated and form composite teeth, which hardly allow their primary elements to be traced. An originally complex hinge has therefore become simplified not by disappearance of some of its elements, but by amalgama- tion of some of them, a feature which has not been noticed in either of the two preceding groups.”
An Appendix (pp. 44-57) on the Variability of Pelecypod Shells suggests a useful “Index” of numerical value, with the figure or formula L/H (length and height placed over the average measure- ment, thus—!/H145); and its application, especially with the graphical method of diagram, in which, the numerical values being grouped in a horizontal line, their heights can indicate the curve of variability in a given species (see plate v.).
PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
March 12th, 1902.—Sir Archibald Geikie, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—
‘On Proterozoic Gasteropoda which have been referred to Murchisonia and Pleurotomaria, with Descriptions of New Subgenera and Species.’ By Miss Jane Donald.
Many of the Paleozoic shells referred to Murchisonia do not agree with the type, and there are at least two separate groups distinguished by the outer lip. The typical group has a slit, the
76 Geological Society.
other merely a sinus. As the outer lip is rarely well preserved, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to decide whether a particular individual belongs to one or other of these two types. With regard to these shells, two important questions require to be answered. Firstly, whether the slit or the sinus characterizes the more primitive type; and, secondly, whether the elongated Mur- chisonia and the shorter Plewrotomaria are both derived from the same stock, and which of them appears the earlier. Before con- sidering the British evidence, the work of foreign paleontologists is reviewed by the authoress. From the material at present available, in the British Isles as well as in America and the Baltic Provinces, elongated forms with a sinus precede those with a slit. There are at least two distinct groups of sinuated shells with a band: one, containing Hormotoma, Ectomaria, etc., having the lines of growth sweeping back to and forward from the band very obliquely; and a second, containing Lophospira, having the lines less oblique and agreeing more in direction with those of Murchisonia, only the band is prominent instead of being grooved. A possible third group is indicated by a subgenus, subsequently described, in which the lines of growth are but slightly oblique and the band grooved. The first two groups in Britain range from Upper Cambrian to Silurian rocks, and the third from the Bala to the Silurian. The genus Murchisonia may have begun in the Wenlock Formation. So far, no light is thrown on the question as to whether Murchisonia and Pleurotomaria were derived from the same stock, nor has the authoress yet met with any specimens showing a transition from sinus to slit.
In the latter part of the paper three new subgenera, eleven new species, and one new variety are described and figured.
April 30th, 1902.—Prof. Charles Lapworth, LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—
‘Revision of the Phyllocarida from the Chemung and Waverly Groups of Pennsylvania.’ By Prof. Charles Emerson Beecher, Ph.D., F.C.G.8.
The specimens described in the paper, as well as those on which the original descriptions were based, were all obtained in the vicinity of Warren, Philadelphia. The chief horizon is in the shale-beds of the Upper Chemung Group, about 50 feet above mean water-level in the Allegheny River. The deposits are called by the writer the ‘ Phyllocarid-Beds.’ Additions and emendations to the original diagnoses of the following genera and species are given :— Echino- caris socialis, Beecher; Tropidocaris, Tr. bicarinata, Beecher, Tr. alternata, Beecher; Elymocaris, E. siliqua, Beecher ; and two new species of Echinocaris are described,
oe Ann.& May. Nat. Hist.S.7Vel.X PUL.
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From the GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE, October 19, 1901, p. 288.
THE FLORA OF THE PRESIDENCY OF BomBay *.
A COMPREHENSIVE account of the botany of the whole Empire of India is provided by Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora. The immense scope of that admirable work, while making it eminently suitable for the botanical expert, renders it difficult of use by anyone whose education has not been specialised in the direction of systematic botany. For the preparation of provincial floras, the great work of Hooker forms an admirable basis; and, on this basis, it is intended to issue floras dealing with the plants of each of the provinces comprised in the Indian Empire, of a sort which shall be fitted for the use alike of the educated native inhabitants and of the European officials and settlers. By the publication of the first part of Dr. Cooke’s Flora of Bombay the initial step has been taken towards the fulfilment of this admirable scheme.
Dr. Cooke, who was for many years Principal of the College of Science at Poona, retired from service in India some years ago; and, since his retirement, he has been devoting his energies to the preparation of a Flora of the Presidency of which he was for so long a distinguished ornament, and in which he amassed, at first as a private individual, and latterly as Director of its Botanical Survey, an extensive herbarium of beautifully preserved specimens.
The first part of Dr. Cooke’s work has now been issued. In form it resembles Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora of British India, and, like that work, it is being issued in parts. The natural families are treated in the sequence of Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum, just as in Hooker’s work. The indigenous species described in this first part number about 335, and they range from Ranunculacee to Rutacee. Notices are also given of the most noteworthy naturalised plants which belong to these families. Some idea of the progress which has been made in acquiring a knowledge of the vegetation of the Presidency may be gained from the fact that this number exceeds by 130 the species of the same families described in the last published Flora of Bombay (that of Dalzell), which was issued in the year 1861.
Dr. Cooke, in this his first part, has struck a high level of excellence which it is sincerely to be hoped may be maintained in the floras of the other provinces which are understood to be now in preparation. His descriptions are terse and graphic, and they are drawn up on the principle of comparing the same organ in the same sequence in each species, Excellent keys to the species are given, and also good keys to the genera,
* By Theodore Cooke, C.1.E., M.A. LL.D., F.L.S., F.G.S., M.Inst.C.E.L, formerly Principal of the College of Science at Poona, and Director of the Botanical Survey of Western India. Part I. (Taylor & Francis. Pp. 192. Price 83.)
( 2 )
which will greatly facilitate the identification of plants by those (may they be many!) who use the book. If there be given with the concluding part of the work equally good keys to the natural families, and also a copious glossary, there will remain no excuse for any inhabitant of the Bombay Presidency, of moderate intelligence and education, for not making himself acquainted with the name of any plant he may find growing wild within its boundaries.
A noteworthy feature in the work is the absence of most of the old and obsolete synonyms, which, howeyer interesting and valuable to the systematic expert, are confusing and meaningless to the classes for whom these pro- vincial floras are mainly intended. While, however, synonymy is thus curtailed, the date of the original publication of each species is given immediately after the name of its author. Notes on the economic uses of plants are given, and also vernacular names; and, in the description of every species, reference is made to Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora. Dr. Watts’ Dictionary of Economie Indian Products is also freely quoted.
The book is published under the auspices of the Secretary of State for India, on the recommendation of Dr. Prain, Director of the Botanical Survey of India, and of Sir William Thiselton-Dyer, Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. It is excellently got up, and it is not unduly costly. In every way it is a publication in respect of which all concerned may be warmly congratulated.
From the JOURNAL OF BOTANY for November 1901, p. 392.
Tur FLora OF THE PRESIDENCY OF BomBay. By THEODORE CookE, C.1L.E., etc., formerly Principal of the College of Science at Poona, and Director of the Botanical Survey of Western India, Part I. Pp. 192. London: Taylor & Francis. Price 8s.
Tue Flora of British India, edited, and for the most part also elaborated, by the veteran botanist, Sir Joseph Hooker, had for its scope, not only the vegetation of the whole of the Empire, from the Himalaya to Cape Comorin and Tenasserim, but also that of the provinces of Malacca and Wellesley, in the Malay Peninsula, and of the adjacent islands of Penang and Singapore. In that monumental work there had been brought together, not only the bulk of the information recorded in the books and scattered papers of the earlier writers on Indian botany, but also descriptions of many of the species named but undescribed in the great Wallichian Herbarium, and of the crowd of species, alike unnamed and undescribed, which had been brought together in the herbaria of numerous Indian travellers and collectors. Sir Joseph’s work is a signal example of the centralization of botanical knowledge. It affords an admirable basis for the elaboration, in greater detail, of the individual floras of the various provinces included in the Indian Empire.
LP 2D
The organization, some years ago, by the Supreme Government of India, of a botanical survey of the Empire, gave an official impetus to a scheme long projected and desired by Indian botanists for the preparation and publication of such floras. A beginning has now been made in the realization of this project by the publication, under the auspices of the Secretary of State for India, of a first part of a Flora of the Bombay Presidency. This is the work of Dr. Theodore Cooke, for many years Principal of the College of Science at Poona, and for some time Director of the Botanical Survey of Western India. Similar Floras of the North-Western Provinces of the Panjab, of the North-Western Himalaya, and of Bengal proper, are under- stood to be well advanced towards publication. <A local Flora of the country round Simla (the summer capital of the Indian Empire), prepared by Major- General Sir Henry Collett, K.C.B., at his own cost and without Government assistance, is now being passed through the press, and it is to be hoped that the preparation of official Floras for the provinces of Assam, Madras, and Burmah may soon be arranged for. The Malayan provinees of Wellesley, Penang, Malacca, and Singapore were removed, shortly before the com- mencement of the preparation of Sir Joseph Hooker's F lora, from the administration of the Viceroy of India, and were formed into a colony under the designation of the Straits Settlements, The preparation of a special Flora of these provinces ceased, therefore, to be a responsibility of the Indian Government. The responsibility has, however, been accepted by the Straits Government; and precursors to a complete Flora, not only of the four provinces just mentioned, but of all the remaining provinces of the Malay Peninsula, have been for some years in course of publication in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, under the title, “ Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula,” and in the Journal of the Straits Settlements, in the form of complete accounts of various monocotyledonous families by Mr. H. N. Ridley.
Dr. Cooke’s appearance as the pioneer of this enterprise must be hailed with satisfaction by everybody interested in the spread of botanical know- ledge amongst our Indian fellow-subjects; but it is sincerely to be hoped that the scheme thus inaugurated may be carried through to the end at the high level of excellence at which it has now been begun. In this first part of Dr. Cooke’s book the natural orders from Ranunculacee to Rutacee are dealt with, the sequence followed being that of Hooker’s Flora. The part contains 192 pages, and gives descriptions of 335 indigenous species, and of a few introduced plants which have become naturalized. Of these species, no fewer than 130 are absent from Dalzell’s census of the corresponding orders made in 1861—a signal proof of how much has been done in the way of exploration during the last forty years. Dr. Cooke’s descriptions are in the form of those of Bentham in his Floras of Australia and Hong-Kong ; and in crispness and graphic force they remind one of those in that excellent but too much forgotten work, Wight and Arnott’s Prodromus Flore Penin- sule Indice. Excellent generic and specific keys are supplied, and the date of the original publication of each specific name is given immediately after the name of its author.
In a Flora which is primarily intended for use by persons who are not botanical experts, full citations of synonyms (some of which are often
ee
doubtful) are a waste of time and space, and Dr. Cooke has exercised a commendable discretion in keeping his references within comparatively narrow limits. Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora is quoted as a matter of course, and so are the catalogues of Graham, Gibson, Talbot, and Woodrow, and also the Flora of Dalzell and Gibson; but old books, such as Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus, are not quoted. Vernacular names are given when such are current. Brief notes of economic uses are supplied, and Dr. Watts’s Dictionary of Economic Products is invariably quoted. In the case of the less widely distributed species, localities are nearly always given. The book is really a model of good systematic work. It is well printed, and its pages are disfigured by very few typographical errors. When it shall have been completed, a great impetus and encouragement may, it is hoped, be given to the cultivation of botanical knowledge by all those whose duties or inclinations lead them into the fields or forests of the senior Presidency of India. G. 3G
THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
[SEVENTH SERIES. ]
No. 56. AUGUST 1902.
XII.—Descriptions of new Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills, Assam. By P. Cameron.
[Concluded from p. 69. ]
Salius intimellus, sp. un. Niger, antennis, clypeo, labro, orbitis oculorum, antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; alis flavo-hyalinis, basi nigra, <¢. Long. 22 mm.
The apical joints of the antennie are infuscated. The inner orbits and the outer above are narrowly lined with rufous ; the parts between and below the antenne including the labium are rufo-testaceous ; the mandibles are black, rufous above to shortly beyond the middle; palpi black, Thorax velvety black, thickly covered with black hairs; the median segment transversely striated. Legs black; the tibiz, except at the extreme apex, and the hinder tarsi rufo- testaceous ; the four anterior tarsi blackish testaceous; the tarsi have one stout tooth near the base. Wings yellowish hyaline, deep blackish violaceous behind the transverse basal nervure and on the lower side to shortly beyond the sub- median nervure. Abdomen velvety black.
Belongs to the section with one tooth on the claws, in which it forms almost a group by itself. It has a consider- able resemblance to S. bellicosus, but that belongs to a different group.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. x. (/
78 Mr. P. Cameron on new
Salius khasianus, sp. n.
Black; the antennz, the head, except round the ocelli, the apical half of the pronotum, and the legs ferruginous ; the coxee, trochanters, and the base of the femor& narrowly black ; the apical three segments of the abdomen rufous, the last thickly covered with rufous hair; the wings uniformly dark fuscous-violaceous, the nervures and stigma black. ¢.
Long. 235 mm.
Antenne ferruginous, the scape covered with a pale pile, bare. The greater part of the occiput and the ocellar region are black; the vertex is sparsely covered with long black hair; the front has a shallow but distinct furrow in the centre. Apical region of the clypeus sparsely covered with long black hair; the apex of the labrum is incised. The mandibles are of a paler colour than the head ; their apex deep black. Thorax black, except the apical half of the pronotum, which is rufous; the mesonotum has a brownish pile; the scutellums are flat; the median segment is irregu- larly transversely striated. The coxee and trochanters are thickly covered with a dull golden pile on the lower side; the claws have one basal tooth. Abdomen black ; the apical three or four segments rufous; the last thickly covered with rufous pubescence.
Looks at first sight like one of the varieties of S. bipar- litus, but, apart from the differences in coloration, it may be known from it by the minute—not large stout—tooth onthe claws. It wants the golden pile found on the head and thorax of S. consanguineus, which has also the prothorax entirely, and the mesonotum and the scutellum also, reddish yellow, and the front immaculate ; its ocelli are more widely sepa- rated, especially the posterior, which are separated from each other by a distinctly greater distance than they are from the anterior, which is not the case with the present species.
Salius assamensis, sp. n.
‘ong. 17 mm. "9".
This species looks like a small example of S. DeNicevilliz, but, apart fromits smaller size (De Nicevilliiis from 20-30 mm. in length), its body is much less pilose, it having hardly any hair; the postscutellum is more prominent, and has the sides and apex more obliquely sloped ; the median segment has a more oblique straight slope from the base to the apex, the latter not being depressed, and the third transverse cubital nervure is broadly rounded, while with the larger
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills. 79
species its upper half has a straight oblique slope. Antenne fulvous, paler towards the apex. Head bright rufo-fulvous, covered thickly with a golden pile; the vertex bears a few longish black hairs. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex; the apical half bears some long dark fulvous hairs. Man- dibles coloured like the head ; the apex broadly black. Ocelli in a triangle; the hinder separated from each other by a slightly less distance than they are from the eyes. Thorax thickly covered with a golden pile; bare except for a few longish hairs on the seutellums ; the base of the mesonotum and of the median segment black. The median segment short, with a somewhat steep rounded slope; it is irregu- larly, somewhat widely, transversely striated, and is furrowed down the middle, the furrow becoming wider towards the apex. The base of the meso- and metapleure more or less blackish, as is also the sternum. Wings yellowish hyaline, with a distinct fuscous- violaceous tinge ; the nervures ful- vous.; the first and third transverse ‘cubital nervures are roundly curved, the second is oblique and roundly curved outw a on the lower half. Legs coloured like the body ; the four hinder cox broadly black at the base behind; the single tooth on the claws is short and stout. Abdomen of a darker red than the thorax, shining, bare, except on the apical segment, which is covered with long fuscous hair and with a bright golden pile.
Salus junctellus, sp. n. Niger, dense aureo-sericcus ; antennis nigris, basi late rufa; alis
flavo-hyalinis, apice fumato. ¢ et 9.
Long. 22 mm.
The five basal jomts of the antennex rufous, the others black. Head above the clypeus black, densely covered with golden pubescence and more sparsely with longish pale hair ; the clypeus apparently fulvous aud densely covered with depressed fulvous pubescence; its apex slightly waved, tri- lubate. Mandibles ferruginous, densely covered with depressed fulvous pubescence ; the apex black. ‘Thorax black, densely covered with depressed golden pubescence. Legs ferruginous, the coxa and trochanters black; the apices of the basal tarsal joimts and the apical two entirely black; the claws with one tooth at the base. Wings yellowish hyaline, the nervures fulvous, the apex smoky from the end of the radial cellule; the first and sccond cubital cellules are equal in length above ; ; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle, the second at the apex of the basal third.
7*
80 Mr. P. Cameron on new
Abdomen densely golden sericeous above, below not so densely; the apical segments densely covered with stiff fulvous hairs. The ground-colour of the body is black ; it is the dense pile which gives it the golden appearance. In addition to the hairs the pygidium is thickly covered with bright, stiff, golden pubescence; the second transverse cubital nervure is broadly and roundly curved outwardly, not straight and oblique as with the allied species.
Allied to S. sericosoma, Sm., from which it differs in having the antenne longer and more slenderly built, in having the apex of the wings distinctly fuscous, in the second transverse cubital nervure roundly curved outwardly, in the second or third apical segment of the abdomen not being ferruginous, and the coxze and trochanters are black.
Salius curvinervis, sp. 0. Rufo-ferrugineus; abdomine nigro lineato; alis brunneo-fumatis,
nervo basali curvato; pedibus ferrugineis; coxis subtus nigris. ?. Long. 18-19 mm.
Antennze short, stout, bare, ferruginous, as is also the head. Eyes parallel, hardly converging above; the ocelh separated from them by the same distance they are from each other; the front is thickly covered with short reddish- green pubescence and is furrowed down the middle. Apex of clypeus transyerse, the sides oblique; mandibles ferru- ginous, black at the apex. Pro- and mesonotum dark ferruginous, thickly covered with golden pile, which shines in certain lights. Median segment irregularly, not very closely, striated, its apex with an oblique slope; the lower side and apices of the meso- and metapleure and their bases more broadly black. Legs coloured like the body; their cox are black behind ; the claws havea large apical and a smaller basal tooth. Wings dark fulvo-hyaline, with a shght vio- laceous tint; the nervures pale yellowish; the first cubital cellule is shorter than the second at top and bottom; the first transverse cubital nervure is oblique, the second is straight, the third roundly curved; the first recurrent nervure is interstitial, the second is received near the apex of the basal third of the cellule; the accessory nervure in the hind wing is interstitial. Abdomen with the base of the petiole broadly, its apex narrowly, the base and apex of the second and third, and the base of the last distinctly, and the middle segments indistinctly, banded with black ; the pygidium is thickly covered on the middle and apex with long bright fulvous hair, the apex is smooth and shining,
Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Khasia Hills. 81
its sides distinctly keeled; the ventral segments are more broadly banded with black.
A species easily known by the roundly-curved transverse basal nervure. The male is similarly coloured to the female. The colour of the wings varies: in some examples it is deep fuscous violaceous, the brownish tint being absent. The species comes close to 8. Jenestratus, Sm.
Salius brevipennis, sp. 0.
Niger, dense aureo-hirtus, basi antennarum late ferruginea ; pedi- bus abdominisque apice rufo-flavis; alis fusco-violaceis, nervis stigmateque nigris, Q.
Long. 18 mm.
Belongs to the section with bifid claws and with “ wings fuscous brown or black, with generally a brilliant purple- blue or green effulgence,” and to the group with “ hyaline spots in the fore wings.” It comes nearest to S. placidus, Bingh., which differs from it in having the hyaline cloud in the first discoidal and the second submedial cellules, and differs further in the pile on the head and thorax being “ silvery grey,’ not golden; the head largely marked with yellow ; the coxze black and the abdomen only black at the base, not black, fulvous at the apex.
The five basal joints of the antennz ferruginous, the rest black. Head black, thickly covered with golden pubescence ; the clypeus ferruginous, black at the base ; the apex trans- verse, the sides rounded ; the apex of the ‘labrum rounded, fringed with long fuscous hairs; the mandibles rufous ; the apex deep black; the palpi testaceous yellow; the eyes distinctly converge towards the bottom; the ocelli are sepa- rated from the eyes by a greater distance than they are from each other. Prothorax large, the base transverse, the sides rounded, above thickly covered with depressed golden pubes- cence, as is also the mesonotum. The scutellum and _post- scutellum not much raised. The median segment has on the apex an oblique slope and is stoutly transversely striated. _ Pro- and mesopleurz covered with golden pubescence and with shallow punctures; the upper part of the metapleure at the base smooth and limited by an oblique keel; the base below this smooth, opaque, and marked with a few scattered punctures, over the coxz strongly punctured; the apical division strongly obliquely striated, punctured near the spiracles. Mesosternum thickly covered with golden pubes- cence and furrowed down the middle. Wings uniformly fuscous violaceous; on the base of the discoidal cellule is a
82 Mr. P. Cameron on new
hyaline spot, followed by a dark one; the radial nervure is curved; the first cubital cellule at the top is, if anything, longer than the third; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond, the second in the middle of the cellule. Legs entirely rufo-fulvous, covered (especially on the tibiz) with a golden down; the claws bifid, the basal claw shorter and thicker; the tibial spines rufous. Abdomen black, covered with golden depressed pubescence ; the basal segment not much narrowed at the base, the apex of the third and fc urth segments and the apical ones ferruginous.
The wings are shorter than usual, not extending beyond the middle of the abdomen.
Pompilus laticollis, sp. n.
Niger, abdomine purpureo, prothorace rufo; alis violaceis, basi hyalinis. 9. Long. 18 mm.
Antennze as long as the thorax, distinctly tapering towards the apex, bare. Head shining, impunctate, pruinose; the sides of the clypeus broadly rounded, the centre transverse. The inner orbits from the top of the eye-incision are bordered with pallid yellow; the top of the occiput to the middle of the eyes lined with red. Ocelli+.*; they are separated from the eyes by a less distance than they are from each other. Prothorax red; meso- and metathorax black, densely pruinose ; the apex of the metathorax is roundly concave, the sides triangular; it has a slightly oblique slope and is furrowed down the middle. Wings violaceous, the base to near the transverse basal nervure hyaline; the hinder pair have slightly more than the basal half hyaline; at the top the second cubital cellule is twice the length of the third, below they are equal; the first transverse cubital nervure is sharply obliquely angled above the middle, the second is only very slightly oblique, the third is roundly curved ; the first re- current nervure is received at the base of the apical third, the second near the middle. Legs pruinose; the claws bifid, the basal claw thick. Abdomen bluish purple, pruinose ; the pygidium has a deep depression, longer than broad, at the apex.
Belongs to the Ferreola group. The head is concave in front, transverse behind;