HANDBOUND AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS 1 THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK I A IN THE XXVIII EDWARD I. A. D. MCCC ; WITH THE ARMS OF THE EARLS, BARONS, AND KNIGHTS, WHO WERE PRESENT ON THE OCCASION ; WITH A TRANSLATION, A HISTORY OF THE CASTLE, AND MEMOIRS OF THE PERSONAGES COMMEMORATED BY THE POET. BY NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, ESQ. OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER AT LAW. LONDON: J. B. NICHOLS AND SON. MDCCCXXVIII. Sf 6320S7 I'IMNTtU UV J. n. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, 1MIILIAMENT STKEIT TO THE KINGS, HERALDS, AND PURSUIVANTS, OF THE College of GENTLEMEN, I do myself the honour of inscribing this volume to you, in testimony of my high respect for your profession, and of my gratitude for the liberal manner in which you have for many years been pleased to allow me access to your invaluable archives. By those individuals of your Corporation, with whom I have long lived on terms of uninterrupted intimacy, I hope this dedication will also be received as evidence that I admire their talents as much as I value their friendship. I have the honour to subscribe myself, Gentlemen, Your very faithful and obliged humble Servant, NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS. February IQth, 1828. PREFACE. THE claims of the following Poem to attention are great and unques- tionable : instead, therefore, of a feeling of surprise being excited at its present appearance, it is extraordinary that it should not long since have been given to the world in an accurate and satisfactory manner. For the Historian — the Poem minutely details the siege of a celebrated fortress in Scotland, by King Edward the First, in July, 1300, of which no other account is to be found, excepting in one line of Peter de Langtoft's rhyming Chronicle, and in a few words of the inedited Chronicle of Lanercost Abbey. For the Antiquary — it abounds in descriptions of considerable interest, chiefly respecting the mode in which a siege was conducted, and the ap- pearance and equipment of an army, at the end of the thirteenth century. By the Bibliographer — its value must be at once admitted, since its antiquity is undoubted. When compared with other poems of the time, its merits as a composition are at least equal if not superior to most of those which are extant, and, from the subject of which it principally treats, it is unique. It is by the lover of Heraldry, however, (if, which it is difficult to believe, such an individual can exist, who is not to a greater or less extent an antiquary,) that this Poem will be the most eagerly perused and the most attentively studied. It contains the accurate blazon of above one hundred Knights or Bannerets of the reign of Edward the First, among whom were the King, the Prince of Wales, and the greater part of the Peers of the realm. At the same time that this production may, perhaps, be considered the earliest blazon of arms which is known, it IV PREFACE. affords evidence of the perfect state of the science of Heraldry at that early period, and from which it is manifest that it was reduced to a science, when it is generally considered to have been but in its infancy. Valuable as the " Siege of Carlaverock" is to Historians and Antiqua- ries, it is difficult to believe that the raciness of the author's descriptions, his quaint notices of the characters of the different personages, and the occasional beauty of his passages, will not possess a charm for far more general readers. The merits of the Poem having been pointed out, it is necessary that the proofs of its authenticity should be briefly noticed. It is sufficient to state the fact that a contemporary copy at this moment exists in the British Museum ;a and, irrefragable as that evidence is, the internal proofs, to which various allusions are made in the biographical memoirs, are no less satisfactory. Although the name of the author has not been decidedly ascertained, there is one line which affords strong presumptive proof of his identity. When speaking of the Earl of Warwick, he says he has alluded to him in his " rhyme of Guy :" ©e Bartoifi le Count Cement feen ma rime fee It may therefore be presumed that the author of the " Siege of Carlave- rock" was Walter of Exeter, a Franciscan friar, who " is said on good authority to have written the romantic history of Guy Earl of Warwick about the year 1292." b Bale asserts that the said Walter wrote " Vitam Guidonis," and which, Warton observes, " seems to imply a prose his- tory."0 An imperfect but contemporary copy of the romance in question is thus described in the Harleian Catalogue, " Historia Feliciee filise Co- mitis Warwicensis, et Guidonis filii Seguarti dispensatoris ejus, aliter dicti Guido Warwicensis, versibus Gallicis:"d and a few extracts from it will a In the Cottonian MSS. Caligula, A. xviii. ' Warton's History of English Poetry, ed. 1774, vol. I. p. 87, apparently on the authority of Bale and Carew. Bishop Nicolson and some other writers state, however, that it was written in 1301, about the same time as the " Siege of Carlaverock." <-• Warton's History of English Poetry, p. 87, note. d Harleian MSS. 3775, art. 2. PREFACE. V be found among the notes at the end of this volume. A copy also occurs in the College of Arms,'1 in the collection of MSS. presented to that body by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, in 1678 ; and perhaps other transcripts exist. Two reasons, besides the lines which have been just extracted, render it probable that the author of the following Poem wrote the one in question ; the date which has been assigned to it, 1292, and its having been written in the same language. Of Walter of Exeter very few particulars are known. Carew considered him to have been born in Cornwall, and says he was " a Franciscan friar of Carocus6 in that county, and that at the request of Baldwin of Exeter he formed the History of Guy of Warwick ;" but Prince claims him, with more probability, as a native of Devon, " as his name plainly'de- monstrates the place to which he owed his nativity, Exeter in Devon." f The biographical facts of him mentioned by that writer, are so few that they will be here inserted. He was, he informs us, a religious man professed, but of what order is not known. Bale thought he was a Dominican, Carew that he was a Franciscan friar, and Izaac that he was a monk of the order of St. Bennet. The greater part of his time was passed in a little cell in Cornwall near St. Caroke, a short distance from Lostwithiel, in study and devotion ; but his chief pursuit was history : "for his knowledge therein he hath obtained this character, ' Quod in historiarum cognitione non fuit ultimus,' and the part of history he was most skilled in was the lives of the saints and other great men, which induced Baldwin, his fellow citizen, to put him upon writing the life of Guy of Warwick." " What more things he wrote," Prince adds, " he does not find, but, dying as is probable in his cell, he lieth interred near that place." The studies for which that monk was distinguished peculiarly fitted him for the task of composing a poem of so historical and biographical a nature '1 Now numbered 27. e Tonkin supposes Carew to have meant Carantocus, Crantock, in Cornwall. f Survey of Cornwall, with Tonkin's notes, published by Lord de Dunstanville in 1811, p. 159. g Worthies of Devon, ed. 1810, p. 345. b Vi PREFACE. as the " Siege of Carlaverock ;" and heraldry and genealogy, of which the writer displays a profound knowledge, were, it is probable, then deemed to form no trifling part of the necessary acquirements of an historian. That it was the production of a priest may be inferred from the laboured eulo- gium of the Bishop of Durham, though Warton supposes that it was un- doubtedly written by a herald :h but in this instance his opinion is not to be relied on, for he could never have examined the Poem with attention, as in the extract which he has given from it, though consisting of only four lines, the most important words, " D'erinine," are printed " Determinee," nor was the banner to which it relates that of John Duke of Brittany, but of his nephew, John of Brittany. Whether it be considered that the Poem was .written by Walter of Exeter or not, the probability is sufficiently great to justify what has been said on the subject. The text has been formed from a MS. copy of the Poem in the auto- graph of Glover, the celebrated herald, preserved in the Library of the College of Arms,' in consequence of the following certificate that it was transcribed from the original : Exemplar verissimum vetusti eundem reverendae antiquitatis monument!, religiose admodum transcript!, renovati, et ab injuria temporis vindicati. Eundem fideliter cum prototipo sive ori- ginal! in omnibus concordare testatur Robert' Gloverus, Somerset!' fecialis regius, Armorum regi cui Norroy nomen inditum, Mariscallus designatus. Qui veritati testimonium perhibere pulchrum ducens, tam hie in fronte, quam etiam in calce, manu propria nomen suum subscripsit, tertio nonas February. Anno Cliristi Salvatoris M. D. lxxx*vij° Regni vero Serm» Reginas Elizabethan tricesimo. GLOVER SOMEKSETT, Mareschal au Norroy Roy d'Armcs. The signature at the end of the Poem is, R. GLOVER SOMERSETT, Mareschal au Norroy Roy d'Armes. It has also been most carefully collated with the contemporary copy in the Museum, and every variation is inserted in the notes. h History of English Poetry, vol. I. p. 335. i Following the Poem in that volume is a catalogue of the names and arms of the Princes and Noble- men and Knights who were with King Edward the First at Calais, with their arms illuminated in the margin. This catalogue has been printed more than once. PREFACE. Vll Another transcript is deposited in the office of Ulster King of Arms at Dublin, to which a similar certificate by Glover is affixed ;k and modern copies are in the possession of various individuals. In 177-9 the Poem was printed in the " Antiquarian Repertory," pro- fessedly from the contemporary copy just alluded to, and with a translation; the text there given is, however, as corrupt as the translation is unfor- tunate. For the former there is no apology ; but of the mistakes in the latter no person is disposed to speak more tenderly than he who now sub- mits one which he is sensible requires but little less indulgence. Perhaps few tasks are more difficult, and certainly none more laborious, than to translate an early French poem. The sacrifice of sense to rhyme, not only in the transposition of words, but in the substitution of one which in some cases almost bears the mark of being coined for the occasion ; the quaint conceits with which these productions abound ; the errors or abbreviations of transcribers ; the allusion to things or events of which no trace remains ; combine to form a host of difficulties which no sagacity can surmount, and which can only be understood by those who have encountered them. As the translation was so unsatisfactory to himself, the Editor was induced to solicit a gentleman of the highest reputation for his acquaintance with the French of the period, and indeed with every thing else which is con- nected with English history, to favour him with his remarks. These will be found in the notes ; and they merit the reader's attention as much as the readiness and kindness with which they were written claim his ac- knowledgments. It is also just to the learned individual by whom they were contributed to add, that he is also indebted to him for the important suggestion that the author of the poem had previously written a romance " of Guy." With the view of rendering the volume as complete as possible, a topo- graphical and general history of Carlaverock Castle has been prefixed to the poem ; and memoirs of every individual who is noticed by the Poet have been added to it. From the information of Sir William Bctham, Ulster King of Arms. viii PREFACE, The description of the banner of each Knight is illustrated by a wood- cut, which has been taken from the illuminations in the margin of the copy of the Poem by Glover, in the College of Arms. The materials for these memoirs, which might almost be entitled " Biographical Notices of the Baronage of England in 1300," since there are but few of them who were not present at the siege, have been chiefly derived from the invaluable labours of Sir William Dugdale, a writer whose fame can derive no lustre from any praise which it is in the power of the Editor to bestow, but who may at least be permitted to express the surprise and regret with which he has lately seen that indefatigable antiquary designated as a mere " plodding and laborious collector of records and dates," by a gentleman who ought to be able to form a more just opinion of productions which tend in so important a degree to illus- trate the history of this country.1 In many instances, however, several facts have been introduced into the account of the Peers who were at Carlaverock which escaped that distinguished Herald, whilst of such persons as it was not the object of his work to notice, very considerable trouble has been taken to collect all the information possible : hence it is presumed that this volume may be useful from the biography which it contains. To apologize for the errors which may be found in a work of this description would be impertinent. Those who can best estimate the time and research which it has consumed, will be sensible that it could not be wholly free from mistakes or omissions. To his friend Charles George Young, Esq. York Herald, F. S. A., Michael Jones, Esq. F. S. A., Dr. Meyrick, F. S. A., Frederick Madden, Esq. F.S. A., for their assistance and suggestions, and to William Constable Maxwell, Esq. the proprietor of Carlaverock Castle, for the account of the present state of his family, the Editor begs to offer his sincere thanks. 1 Preface to Godwin's " History of the Commonwealth." HISTORY OF CARLAVEROCK CASTLE, THE Castle of Carlaverock, which is said to have been the Carbanto- rigum of Ptolemy," stood in the parish of that name, in the county, and about nine miles south of the town, of Dumfries, on the north shore of Solway Frith, at the confluence of the rivers Nith and Locher. Tradition states that it was founded in the sixth century by Lewarch Og, son of Lewarch Hen, a celebrated British poet ; and that it de- rived its name from his own, Caer Lewarch Ogg, which in the Gaelic language signified the city or fortress of Lewarch Ogg, and which was afterwards corrupted to Caerlaverock.b Mr. Grose, however, doubts this etymology ; and it would be a waste of time to speculate upon its correctness. Carlaverock Castle was, according to a MS. pedigree cited by that writer, the principal seat of the family of Maxwell as early as the time of Malcolm Canmore ; but Sir Robert Douglas informs us in his Peerage, that Sir John Macuswell acquired the Barony of Carlaverock about the year 1220. It is impossible to give any other account of the original Castle than the Poet's description of it. He says, " Carlaverock was so strong a Castle that it did not fear a siege, therefore the King came himself, because it would not consent to surrender ; but it was always furnished for its defence, whenever it was required, with men, engines, and provisions. » Cough's Camden, vol. III. p. 327. b Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, vol. I. p. 159. C X HISTORY OF Its shape was like that of a shield/ for it had only three sides, all round, with a tower on each angle ; but one of them was a double one, so high, so long, and so large, that under it was the gate with the drawbridge, well made and strong ; and a sufficiency of other defences. It had good walls, and good ditches filled to the edge with water ; and I believe there never was seen a Castle more beautifully situated ; for at once could be seen the Irish Sea towards the west ; and to the north a fine country, sur- rounded by an arm of the sea, so that no creature born could approach it on two sides, without putting himself in danger of the sea. Towards the south it was not easy, because there were numerous dangerous defiles of wood and marshes, ditches where the sea is on each side of it, and where the river reaches it ; and therefore it was necessary for the host to approach it towards the east, where the hill slopes." d Mr. Grose informs us that the site and foundation of the original castle were very conspicuous and easy to be traced, in a wood about three hundred yards to the south of the present building ; that it appears to have been rather smaller than the second castle, but of a similar form ; and that it was surrounded by a double ditch. Such was the fortress which Edward the First, on his invasion of Scot- land in June, 1300, found it necessary to reduce. By writs tested on the 29th December, 28 Edw. I. 1299, all who owed military service to the crown were ordered to attend at Carlisle on the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist next ensuing, to serve against the Scots.8 The command was punctually obeyed ; and about the first of July the English army quitted Carlisle. The Poet's description of it is very interesting. " They were habited," he says, " not in coats and surcoats, but were mounted on powerful and costly chargers, and, that they might not be taken by surprize, they were well and securely armed. There were many rich caparisons embroidered on silks and satins ; many a beautiful pennon fixed to a lance ; and many a banner displayed. And afar oft' was heard the neighing of horses : hills and vallies were every where covered with c Shields in the thirteenth century were nearly triangular. J Pages 62, 63. e Palgrave's " Parliamentary Writs," and the Poem, p. 2. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XI sumpter horses and waggons with provisions, and sacks of tents and pa- vilions. And the days were long and fine : they proceeded by easy journies, arranged in four squadrons." f He then notices the arms, and, in many cases, personal merits or ap- pearance of each of the Bannerets and some of the Knights who were present, among whom were the King, his eldest son the Prince of Wales, and the most illustrious peers of the realm, to the number of " eighty- seven,"6 but he describes the banners of eighty-eight individuals. The men at arms amounted to three thousand/ and " quite filled the roads to Carlaverock." s If any reliance can be placed upon his statement, it must be inferred that a summons was sent to the Castle before the King deter- mined to besiege it, and that it was in consequence of the refusal to sur- render, for it " was not to be taken like a chess-rook," ° that his Majesty appeared before it in person. h The exact time of the siege cannot be ascertained, but it undoubtedly took place between the 6th and 12th of July, 1300, for on the former day Edward was at Carlisle,11 and on the latter at Carlaverock ;' but as he was at Dumfries on the 10th,J it may be concluded that the Castle was taken either on the 10th or llth of that month. The investiture and siege are minutely described in the Poem. As soon as the English army appeared before the place, it was quartered by the Marshal ; and the soldiers proceeded to erect huts for their accommoda- tion, the account of which is very picturesque.k Soon afterwards the mili- tary engines and provisions were brought by the fleet, and the foot-men immediately marched against the Castle.k A sharp skirmish took place, which lasted about an hour, in which time several were killed and wounded. k The loss sustained by the infantry caused the men at arms to hasten to their assistance ; or, as the Poet has expressed it, many of them " ran there, many leaped there, and many used such haste to go that they did not deign to speak to any one." k It would be difficult to find more appropriate words to detail what ensued than his own : " Then might * f Pages 4-5. g Page 59. h Liber Quoditianus Garderobae, a° 28 Edw. I. p. 72. i Ibid. p. 41. j Ibid. k page 65. Xll HISTORY OF there be seen such kind of stones thrown as if they would beat hats and helms to powder, and break shields and targets in pieces, for to kill and wound was the game at which they played. Great shouts wrere among them when they perceived that any mischief occurred." ' He then notices some Knights who particularly distinguished themselves in the assault ; and proceeds to state that the first body was formed of Bretons, and the second of Lorains, who rivalled each other in zeal and prowess,1" and that those engaged in the attack " did not act like discreet people, nor as men enlightened by understanding, but as if they had been inflamed and blinded by pride and despair, for they made their way right forwards to the very brink of the ditch." n At that moment the followers of Sir Tho- mas de Richmont passed close up to the draw-bridge, and demanded admission, but they received no other answer to the summons " than ponderous stones and cornues." n Sir Robert de Willoughby was wounded in his breast by a stone ; and the valour of Sir John Fitz-Mar- maduke," Sir Robert Hamsart, " from whose shield fragments might often be seen to fly in the air,"" Sir Ralph de Gorges,0 Sir Robert de Tony,0 and especially of the Baron of Wigton, " who received such blows that it was the astonishment of all that he was not stunned," is especially comme- morated.0 The party engaged was reinforced by the followers of the Prince of Wales : «» the walls were mined with considerable effect by Sir Adam de la Forde : ° and Sir Richard de Kirkbride assailed the gate of the Castle in so vigorous a manner, " that never did smith with his hammer strike his iron as he and his did there." q Nor was the bravery of the besieged less con- spicuous. They showered such huge stones, quarrels, and arrows upon their enemies, that the foremost among them became so much hurt and bruised that it was with great difficulty they could retreat.i At that junc- ture Robert Lord Clifford sent his banner and many of his retinue, with Sir Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Sir John de Cromwell, to supply their places/ though they were not permitted to remain there long ; and on 1 Page 65. m page 69. n Page 71. ° Page 75. p Page 73. q Page 77. r page 79. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. Xlll their retiring, Sir Robert la Warde and Sir John de Grey renewed the attack, but the besieged were prepared for their reception, and " bent their bows and cross-bows, and kept their espringalls in readiness both to throw and to hurl." a The retinue of the Earl of Brittany, " fierce and daring as the lions of the mountain," recommenced the assault, and soon covered the entrance to the Castle :* they were supported by the followers of Lord Hastings, one of whom, John de Cretings, is said to have nearly lost his horse on the occasion.1 The courage of the little garrison was not yet subdued. As one of them became fatigued another supplied his place, and they gallantly de- fended the fortress the whole of one day and night, and the next day until about nine o'clock in the morning." But the numerous stones which were thrown from the Robinet depressed then* spirits ;u and it was impossi- ble to resist the effect of three ponderous battering engines on the opposite side, every stroke of which, by " piercing, rending, and overturning the stones, caused the pieces to fall in such a manner that neither an iron hat nor wooden target " could protect them, and many were consequently killed/ Finding resistance to be hopeless, they requested a parley, and in token thereof hung out a pennon ; but the unfortunate soldier who dis- played it was shot through his hand into his face by an arrow," when the others demanded quarter, surrendered the Castle to the King of England, and threw themselves upon his mercy." The Marshal and Constable of the army immediately commanded that all hostilities should cease, and took possession of the place. The English were excessively surprised to find that the whole number of the garrison amounted only to sixty men, who were, the Poet says, " beheld with much astonishment," >' and were securely guarded until the King ordered that life and limb should be granted to them, and bestowed on each a new robe ;? but this account of the treatment of the prisoners differs entirely from that in the Chronicle of Lanercost, where it is said that many of them were hung. s Pages 80, 81. t Page 81. u Page 83. * Page 85. * Page 86. * Page 87. y Page 87. d HISTORY OF As soon as the Castle fell into Edward's hands, he caused his banner, and that of St. George and St. Edward, to be displayed on its battlements, to which were added the banner of Sir John Segrave the Marshal, and of the Earl of Hereford the Constable, of the army ; together with that of Lord Clifford, who was appointed its Governor.y Only two contemporary chroniclers notice the event, and their state- ments are excessively brief. Peter of Langtoft says the rain ... -ran ooton on i\je tttountajm£ and Drenfttea tlje Sir €utoai't> jtaui) tlja papnE.£, find toft ffje gate arfje more ty for.softe, tlje fotemen lift a ffoft, 3. pottere fjamlete tofte, tlje ca^telle ftarelaberoft : The Chronicle of Lanercost gives a much more accurate account of the circumstance, though it is scarcely less concise : A° MCCC. Eodem [anno] circa festum Sancti Johannis Baptistse, Dominus Edwardus Rex Angliae cum pi-oceribus et magnatibus Angliae venit apud Karleolum, cum quo venit Dominus Hugo de Veer, et fecit moram apud Lanercost Et inde transivit Rex in partes Galwithiae usque ad aquam de Grithe, cepitque castruni de Carlaverok, quod dedit Domino Roberto de Clifforde, et fecit plures intus castrum inventos suspend!, fuitque tune annus Jubilei anno pontificatus Boni- facii Papae vj°.z The capture of the Castle is also noticed by Robert Winchelsey, who was then Archbishop of Canterbury, in a letter to the Pope, dated on the 8 id. October, 1300, in which he says that in obedience to his Holiness's commands to present a certain Bull to the King, he proceeded to his Majesty, " versus castrum de Carlaudrok (mod prius ceperat."a The " Liber Quotidianus Garderobce" of that year, contains numerous notices of Carlaverock, the first of which proves that Edward was there on the 12th of July, as on that day an oblation of seven shillings was offered in honour of St. Thomas in his majesty's chapel at that place : xij die Julij in obi' Regis ad altare in capella sua apud Karlaverok, in honore Sancti Thome vijs.b y Page 87. z Cotton. MSS. Claudius, D. vii. f. 209. a Leib. Cod. Jur. gent. vol. II. p. 280. b Liber Quotidianus Garderobse, page 41. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE.' XV But the most important are those which relate to the siege of the Castle, and which will therefore be extracted at length: Magistro Ricardo cle Abyndon, [pro vyndag' vini, &c. et] pro vadiis diversorum operarior' fabroruin ct carpentar' mi.ssorum de Karliol' usque Carlaverok, pro ingen' Reg', per manus Domini Henr' de Sandwyco capellani Domini Joh'is de Drokenesford, liberant" eidem denariis apud Karliol', mense Julij, ij li. iiij s. xj d. c Magistro Ricardo de Abyndon, Clerico, pro vad' carpentar' fabrorum et aliorum operariorum diversorum retentorum ad vadia Regis, per preceptum Regis per literam Thes' de scaccario ad uiiuin catum, unuin multonem, et unam berfrarium, et alia ingenia facienda, per visum et ordi- nacionem D'ni Joh'is de la Dolive, Militis, ad insultum faciend* castro de Karlaverok in adventu Regis et exercitus sui ibidem anno present!, et ad cariend' cum Rege in eadem guerra ad diversa loca Scocie inter xx diem Nov* anno predicto incipien' ad xxiiij diem Julij anno eodem, una cum diversis caring' conductis pro maeremio et aliis diversis pro predictis negociis necessariis cariand' ad loca diversa infra idem comp', sicut patet per comp' predictum, xlvj li .xiij s. jd. ob. d D'no Joh'i de la Dolyve, Const' castri de Dunfres, pro expensis quorumdam hominum eund' circa victualia pro municione dicti castri queremla, expens' quorumdam nunc' defer' literas per diversas vices, ciphis, ligneis, platell', et discis emp' per eundem, calciatura quorumdam balistar' commoranc' in municione predicta, ac expen' suis et quorumdam hominum euncium per pre- ceptum Regis, pro ingeniis querendo de Carliolo usque Carlaverok pro captione ejusdem castri, infra tempus predictum [a ix° die Marcij anno presenti xxviij0 usque xxx diem Julij anno eodem] iijli. xixs. bid. ob. e Magistro Ade Glasham, carpentar' retento eodem modo ad vadia Regis pro ingenio venienc' de Loghmaban ad obsidionem castri de Carlaverok, pro vadiis suis, et vij sociorum suorum carpentar', a x die Jul' usque xx diem ejusdem mensis, utroque comp' per xj dies, predicto Ade per diem vjrf. et cuilibet alio carpentar' per diem iiijrf. jli. xjs. ijrf.f And other carpenters, masons, &c. were retained for the same period. e Roberto de Wodehous, pro den' per ipsum solutis Petro de Preston et ix sociis suis const' cum equis coopertis, pro vadiis suis vj CLX sag1 ped' ven' usque Karliol um de com' Lane', per ij dies, veniendo de Karliolo usque Karlaverok ad Regem viij die Jul' pro primo romp' xij //. xj s. ; eidem, provadiis ij balist' et xlij sag' de municione castri de Roukesburgh, unius balist' et xj sag' peditum de municione castri de Gcddevvorth, per eosdem ij dies, veniendo eodem modo ad Regem j/». ijs. viij d. ; eidem, pro vadiis v hobelar' de municione de Rokesburgh, per idem tempus, sic veniendo, vs. ; eidem, pro vadiis iv carpentai1' et v fossator' per unum diem, videlt, viij diem Jul', veniendo ut supni, ijs. ij d. Summa, xiv/t. xrf. R Steph'o Banyng, mag'ro navis et x sociis suis nautis ejusdem navis, car' in pre- c Liber Quotidianus Garderoba;, page 67. d Ibid, page 140. e Ibid, page 153. Ibid, page 258. g Ibid, page 259. h Ibid. XVI HISTORY OF dicta navi sua quoddam ingen' de Skynburnesse usque Karlaverok, pro vadiis suis, per duos dies, x die Julij, pro primo comp', mag'ro percip' per diem vjd et quol't alio nauta per diem iijrf. vjs.i Several entries occur which tend to prove that the King was at Carlave- rock on the 13thk and 14th of July;1 on the 29th of August, when seven shillings were paid in the King's chapel there in alms,m and on the 30th of that month;" and again on the 3rd of November, on which day the same sum was offered at the altar in his Majesty's chapel there.0 It appears that Edward left Carlaverock Castle in the custody of Lord Clifford a few days after it surrendered, for on the 1/th of July he was at Loghroieton ;? that he proceeded to Kirkcudbright, Twynham, Flete, and Suthesk, and returned to it on the 29th of August ; that he quitted it for Holmcoltram before the 2nd of September, whence he went to Rose Castle, Carlisle, and Dumfries ; and that he came for the last time to Carlaverock on the 3rd of November, where he perhaps remained until the 10th of that month, as on the llth he is stated to have been at Carlisle.? The Castle evidently continued in the possession of the English for several years. On the 1 2th May, 2 Edw. II. 1309, the Sheriffs of Somerset and Dorset were ordered to purchase, and send to Skinburness, 150 quarters of corn and the same quantity of malt, for the munition of the castles of Dumfries and Carlaverock ; ^ and on the 15th of December following Robert Lord Clifford was commanded to furnish the castles of Carlaverock, Dumfries, Dalswynton, and Thybres, with men and provi- sions, and all other necessaries for their defence ; and the Constables of them were respectively enjoined to defend them against the King's rebels and enemies, without any truce or sufferance whatever/ In 1312 Sir i Liber Quotidianus Garderobae, page 272. k Ibid, pages 64-, 248. 1 Ibid, pages 79, 102. In the month of July the following entry occurs : " Ciphus argenti pond' iij marc' di' x st. precij xxft. ixs. vijd. Datur per Dominum J. de Drokenesford, nomine Regis, D'no Salvo dc Parma vcnienti ad Regem apud Karlaverok cum certificatione super creacione cujusdam Cardinalis, mense Julij." Page 339. m Ibid, pages 41, 68, 70, 174. n Ibid. page!38. o Ibid, page 42. Other notices of Carlaverock will be found in pages 72, 82, 127. p Ibid, page Ixviij. By a reference to page 42 of that work, it will be seen that, in this abstract, the King is erroneously said to have been at Carlaverock on the 1st of November. q Rot. Scot. vol. I. r ibid. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. . XV11 Eustace tie Maxwell appears from the following document to have joined the English interest : Pro Eustathio de Maxwelle et securitate castri sui cle Carlaverok. R. clilecto clcrico suo Willielmo de Bevercotes, cancellario suo Scotie, salutem. Ut dilectu^ nobis Eustauthius cle Maxwelle, majorem et securiorem custodiam in castro suo de Carlaverok contra insidias Scotorum inimicorum nostrorum apponat, concessimus ei illas viginti et duas libras annuas quas nobis debet singulis annis ad scaccariam nostram Berewyci, de alba firma pro custodia , castri sui predict! in ejus subsidium, ad securam custodiam castri sui supradicti, ad voluntatem nos- tram. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Eustathio brevia nostra sibi super hoc sufficient!;! sine dilatione habere faciatis. T. R. apud Novum Castrum super Tynam xxx die Aprilis [1312]. Per ipsum Regem.8 It is uncertain how long Sir Eustace de Maxwell supported the invaders of his country, but it is unquestionable that he soon afterwards distinguished himself in the service of Robert Brus. The castle being again besieged by the English, he defended it for several weeks, and obliged them to retire, when, fearing, that it might ultimately fall into their hands, he demolished all its fortifications, for which generous sacrifice King Robert compensated him by the grant of an annual rent, " pro fractione castri de Carlaverok,"1 and moreover released him from the payment of s£32 sterling due to the crown from his lands." Sir Eustace died between 1340 and 134/, and his son, Sir Herbert Maxwell, in September in the year last mentioned, consented to swear fealty to Edward the Third ; about which time he received letters of safe conduct to attend a treaty at London with William de Bohun Earl of Northampton," the result of which is shown by the annexed document. It is also manifest from it, either that Sir Eustace Maxwell did not completely destroy Carlaverock Castle, or that his son had rebuilt it. s Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 1 10. t Wood's Douglas's " Peerage of Scotland," and Robertson's " Index of Records and Charters from 1309 to.l H3," p. 15. u Robertson's " Index," p. 12. Grose says the sura remitted him and his heirs was ten pounds yearly. * Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 703. e Xviii HISTORY OF Protectio pro Herberto Maxwell, Anglicato, et pro castro suo Carlaverok. R. omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis tarn in Anglia quam in Scotia ad quos, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod, cum Herbertus de Maxwell nuper per amicabilem tractatum inter dilectum consanguineum et fidelem nostrum Willielmum de Bohun, comitem Northampton', et ipsum Herbertum de man- dato nostro habitum, idem Herbertus ad obedientiam et ligeantiam nostras gratis venit et certos obsides sufficientes ad castrum de Carlaverok quod in custodia sua existit in manus nostras red- dendum prefato comiti liberaverit : Nos provide volentes securitati ipsius Herberti providere, sus- cepimus ipsum Herbertum, ac omnes homines secum in munitione castri predicti existentes, ac dictum castrum, cum armaturis et victualibus ac aliis bonis et catallis in eodem existentibus, in pro- tectionem et defensionem nostram speciales. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ipsum Herbertum ac homines suos predictos manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis, non inferentes eis vel inferri per- mittentes injuriam molestiam dampnum aut gravamen. Et si quid eis forisfactum fuerit id eis sine dilacione faciatis emendari. Nolumus enim quod de armaturis victualibus ac bonis et catallis in castro predicto existentibus, seu de bladis feni, equis, carectis, cariagiis, victualibus, aut aliis bonis et catallis ipsius Herberti, aut hominum suorum predictorum, per ballivos seu ministros nostros aut alios quoscumque de Marchia Angliae, aut aliunde de obedientia nostra existentes, contra volun- tatem ipsius Herberti aut hominum suorum predictorum ad opus nostrum aut aliorum quicquam capiatur. In cujus, &c. per unum annum duratur. T. custode apud Glouces' quinto die Sep- tembris [21 Edw. III. 1347]. y In 1355 the Castle is said to have been taken by Roger Kirkpatrick, and levelled with the ground ; z and on the death of Sir Herbert Maxwell without issue, the baronial lands of Carlaverock devolved, on his first cousin, Sir John Maxwell, and of which he was possessed in 137 1 : a his son, Sir Robert, is presumed to have erected the present castle. From the said Sir Robert Maxwell it has descended to its present possessor, William Constable Maxwell, of Everingham in Yorkshire, Esq. and which is shown by the following pedigree of the ancient family of Maxwell. y Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b. z " Illic Donaldus Macdowel in ecclesia de Cummok fidelitatem Regi jurat ; et Rogerus Kirkpatricius totam terrain de Niddisdale ad idem induxit : arces de Dalswynton et Carlaverok de adversariorum ma- nibus eripuit, quas solo aequavit." Historia Majoris Britannia; tarn Anglia: quam Scotioe. Per Joannem Majorem, p. 248. a Wood's Douglas's Peerage. See the pedigree. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XIX PEDIGREE OF THE ANCIENT FAMILY OF MAXWELL, LORDS MAXWELL, HERRIES, ESKDALE, AND CARLEILE, AND EARLS OF NITHSDALE ; LORDS OF THE CASTLE AND BARONY OF CARLAVEROCK. [From Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, edit. Wood, vol. II. pp. 311-13, eicepting where other authorities arc cited.] MACCUS, son of UNWIN, attached himself to Earl David, and obtained lands from that Prince on=p the banks of the Tweed, which acquired from him the appellation of Macusville : he was one of the witnesses to the " Inquisitio Davidis," and to the charter of the foundation of the monastery of | Selkirk by King David. HUGO DE MACCUSVILLE, eldest: son : was a witness to a donation from David I. to the monastery of Newbottle. Edmund, 2nd son, witness to a perambulation and division of the lands of Mella. " Liulph filius Maccus," 3rd son, witness to a charter of Malcolm IV. to the abbacy of Kelso, 1159. HERBERT DE MACCUSVILLE, flourished under Malcolm IV. and William I. : =p was sheriff of the county of Roxburgh : ob. circa 1200. Sir JOHN MACUSWELL, eldest son, was Sheriff of Roxburgh, and witnessed agreements^: of the Abbot and Convent of Kelso, 1203 and 1207: was one of the guarantees of the marriage treaty of Alexander II. and Joan of England, 15 June, 1220, and was present at their marriage at York, 18 June, 1221 : ACQUIRED THE BARONY OF CAULAVEROCK : he was constituted Great Chamberlain of Scotland 1231 : ob. 1241. Robert de Macuswell. EUMERUS DE MACUSWELL, of Carlaverock : was a witness to divers charters in: 1232, 1235, and 1239, Chamberlain of Scotland 1258, by which title he is de- signated in the agreement that Scotland should not make a separate peace with England without the consent of the Welsh ; and was Justiciary of Gal- loway. He was removed from the councils of Alexander III. by the King of England in 1255. :MARY, daughter and heiress of Roland de Mearns : she brought to her husband the barony and castle of Mearns in Renfrewshire. Sir HERBERT D MAXESWELL, I'ldost son, ob. ante 1300." Sir John de Makeswell, 2nd son : he obtained from his father the barony of Nether Pollock in Renfrewshire, with other lands, and was ancestor of the Maxwells of Pollock ; of Calderwood ; and of Cardoness, Baronets ; of the Earls of Farnham in Ireland ; of the Maxwells of Park-hill, Newark, and of other families of that name. , • Sir Herbert de Maxwell sat in the parliament of Scone, 5th February, 128S-4, when the nobles agreed to recede Margaret of Norway as their sovereign in the event of the death of Alexander III.; was present in the assembly at Brigham, 19 March, 1889-90, when the marriage of Queen Margaret with Prince Edward was proposed ; was one of the nominees on the part of Robert Bruce, iu his competition for the crown of Scotland in H92 j swore fealty to Edward the First in 1S96' ; and he and a John de Maxwell received letters of credence concerning military service to he performed in parts beyond the sea, in July, 1297. (Palgrave's " Parliamentary Writs," Digest, p. 733.) XX HISTORY OF Sir John de Makeswell, eldest son, swore fealty with his father to Edward I. in 1296. ob. s. P. and most probably be- fore his father. Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, of; Carlaverock, 2nd son, made a donation of some lands to the monastery of Paisley in the lifetime of both his bro- thers, between 1273 and 1300, and a second dona- tion to the monastery about 1300, died before 1312.h Sir EUSTACE MAX-=PHELEN MAXWELL, WELL, of Carlave- ; of the house of rock,eldestson,«died ; Maxwell of Pollok; before September, ; she survived her 1347.d • husband. Alexander de Maxwell, wit- nessed a do- nation of his brother, Sir Herbert, to the monastery of Paisley. JOHN DE MAXWELL, 2nd son : he is supposed to have suc-=p ceeded his nephew, Herbert de Maxwell, as his next heir. He possessed the estate of Pencaitland, and granted an annuity out of it to the monks of Dryburgh. Was one of the prisoners taken at the battle of Durham, 17 October, 1346, and died soon afterwards. HERBERT DE MAXWELL, of Car- laverock, probably his son : he is considered to have died s. p.e Sir JOHN MAXWELL, of Maxwell^CnRis- Eustace Maxwell, ob. and Carlaverock, died soon after TIAN. V.P. ; hisbrother John November, 1373.* became his heir. Sir ROBERT DE MAXWELL, of Carlaverock, died=p about 1420.5 | Agnes, married Robert Pollock, of Pollock. b Rot. Scot. p. 110. His arms were, Argent, a sal tire, Sable. c The castle of Cavlaverock having been besieged by the English, Sir Eustace Maxwell defended it for some weeks, and forced them to retire, but fearing that it might afterwards fall into their hands he dismantled and threw it down, in recompense of which service, " pro fractione castri de Caerlaverok," he obtained a grant of an annual rent from King Robert. He signed the letter to the Pope, asserting the independency of Scotland, on the 6th April, 1320 ; in which year he was tried for being concerned in the conspiracy of the Countess of Strathern against King Robert, but was acquitted. He received 300 marks out of a payment from Ed- ward III. to Edward Baliol, King of Scots, 24 March, 1336 ; and was a witness to a charter of Edward Baliol in 1340. * Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b. • Herbert de Maxwell obtained from David II. a charter of discharge tf the duty of Carlaverock, and in September, 21 Edw. III. 1347, he received letters of protection for himself and his castle of Carlaverock. (Rot. Scot. vol. I. p. 704 b.) His rebellion was punished by David II. who granted to Herbert Murray some lands in Lanarkshire which were forfeited by him. ' Sir John Maxwell confirmed a grant of his father to the abbacy of Dryburgh, in which lie calls himself, " son of the late John rle Maxwell, and heir of Eustace Maxwell his brother." He sat in the parliament at Edinburgh, 26 September, 1357, and received a safe conduct to go into England in 1365. Granted some lands, &c. to the monastery of Kilwinning for the health of his soul, and the soul of Christian his wife, which was confirmed by King David II. in 1367 j and obtained a grant of some forfeited lands, 1 1th November, 137:). t Sir Ro'iert de M xwcll received letters of safe conduct to go into England, with six horses in his retinue, 5th December, 1363 ; again to visit the shrine of St. Thomas of Canterbury, 8th June, 1364; and logo abroad, 16th October, 1365. Obtained from Robert II. a charter dated 19 Sept. 1371, by the description of " Robert de Maxwell, son and heir of John de Maxwell, of Carlave- rock, Knt." of all the lands which the said Sir John held of the King in capite, and which he had resigned into his Majesty's hands on the preceding day, reserving the life-rent of the same to himself, and the terce to Christian his wife if she survived him. Gave lands to the monks of Dryburgh for the welfare of his soul and the soul of Herbert his son and heir. He was one of the Ambassadors to England in 1413. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXI .Sir IlEitDERT=pMARGAKET, (hm.uiul heiress of Sir John MAXWELL, of Carlaverock, eldest son.g do Crapy, of Cragy in Linlithgow, widow of Sir Jolin Stewart. Charter from Robert Duke of Albany, 2.5th Oct. 1407. Amerus de Maxwell, 2nd son ; called " fruter Hi-rberti," in a royal charter 14-21- 5. Margaret, married Sir John de Mont- gomery, of Eglis- ham. MAXWFLL, of Car-^=jANET, dau of Sir laverock, eldest son ; ac- cording to a pedigree cited by Grose he was slain at 15an- nockburn in 1 M-8.'» John Forrester, of Cottorphin, Cham- berlain of Scot- land. Eustace Maxwell, of Tcaling, in Jaiut, married Forfartliirc, which lands he ac- William Dou- quired by his marriage with glas, of Drum- Mary, 3rd sister and coheiress of lanrig. Hugh Giflbrd, of Yester. dau. of sir=pHEKBKRT MAXWELL, of Car-==KATHERiNE, eldest dau. of Sir William Seton, of Herbert I Jerries, of Terregles ; 1st wife. laverock. He is considered to have been the first Lord Maxwell.' •dTs rd w |j, Seton, and widow of Sir Alan Stewart, of Uarnley, >bo was killed in 1439, by whom she was mother of John 1st Earl of Lennox ; 2nd wife.'' ROBERT, 2nd Lord Max-^=jANET, dau. of George Crich- well, eldest son, was j ton, Earl of Caithness. The great seal register, however, contains a charter, dated 25 May, 14-60, of lands to George Maxwell on the resignation of his mother " Janet, dau. of the deceased George Earl served heir of his father, Herbert Lord Maxwell, 4th February, 1453; was guarantee of a truce with England, on the 1 1th June, 1457; again, 12th Sep- tember, 1459 ; sat in par- liament as a peer 14th October, 1467. of Caithness, wife of John Maxwell." Sir Edward Maxwell, ofTinwald: obtained a charter of the ba- rony of Monreith, 15th Jan.l 481 -2. An- cestor of the Mai- wells of Monreith, Baronets. Katherine, married Gilbert Lord Ken- nedy; they had a charter in 1450. r i i i i i i George Maxwell, ancestor of the Maxwells of Garnsalloch. David. Adam Maxwell, ancestor of the Maxwells of Southbar. John Maxwell. William Maxwell. Janet. Mariot. * Sir Herbert Maxwell was appointed Steward of Annandale by his kinsman, Archibald Earl of Douglas, Jth February, 1409-10; was granted lands in the Daruny of Dalswiutuo by Murdoc Duke of Albany, SSth October, 1420 ; obtained letters of safe conduct to go to Durham to .lames I. IS Dec. 1423 ; wan arrested with the Duke of Albany, 1425 ; Warden of the West Marches, 1430 and 1438 ; by the description of " Herbertus Dominus de Carlaverok," was one of the conservators of the truce with England, SOth March, 1438. h Robert Maxwell obtained a charter of the lands of Liliertoun, in the Barony of Carnwath, from hit cousin Thomas de Somcr- ville, l>y the description of" Roberto de Maxwell, filio et heredi Domini Herbert! de Maxwell, Militis, Domini de Carlaverock, et Jonet.i', filioe Joannis Forstare, Domini de C'orstorphin," and to the heirs male of their bodies ; failing which, to Herbert, and tht heirs male of his body ; failing which, to Amerus de Maxwell, brother of Herbert, 13th Jan. 1424-5. 1 Herbert Muxwell was one of the guarantees of a treaty with the English, 15 Dec. 1430, when be was styled " Herbertus, Do- minus de Maxwell," and again in November, 1449 ; was one of the conservators ofa truce, with England, 14th August, 1451 ; again, i.l Ma", 1453, although according to the first edition of Douglas's Peerage he is said to hare died in October, 1453. Captain Rid- dell's MS. in the possession of Mr. Nichols, which will be again noticed, gives the following copy of this nobleman's accounts with the King's Exchequer for the Stcwartry of Annandale in 1452 : " Computtim DTI. Herbert! Domini Maxwell Senescal. Vallis Annsmliir, redditum apud Stryvilin per Herbertum Maxwell, scil. dc« SSth mcnsis Novembris an Don). 1459, de omnibus debitis suis et expcnsis per firmas et exitu. Vallis suse, a die 26 mensis Junii an. Dom. 14-)!), usque in diem presentem, per trcs annns inte^ros ad terminos beati Martini ut infra computum. Imprimis, idem onerat >e de xxxvs. de primitiis terrarum dominicarum de Lowchmaben de dictis septero termiu'u infra computum Regi debitis, quia dicta? terra: se extendunt annuatim ad decem libras ; et de xxxvs. de firmis terrarum de Hetca et de Sroalhame per dictum imprimis computum debitis, quia de dictis terris debenlur d'no Regi annuatim deccm librae, et de xxxvs. de firmis piscari* de Annand d'no Regi, ptr tempus computi de dictis septem tcrminis, quia dicta piscaria auuuatim valet decem libr." k The marriage of Kat'.ierine Seton with Herbert Maxwell, and her issue by him, are proved by a charter of lands in Dumfriesshire, dated 20th March, 1475-6. XX11 HISTORY OF JOHN, 3rd Lo well : slain at Field, 9th Se| 1513.1 JANET, dau.= of Sir Wil- liam Dou- glas, of Drumlanrig, died before September, 1529. 1 •d Max-= Flodden timber, pAoNEs, dau. of Sir George Maxwell [query?]. Alexander Stewart, Thomas Maxwell, ances- of Garlics, living tor of the Maxwells of February, 1492. Kirkconnel."' Janet, wife of John 1st Lord Carlyle of Tortherwald. pRoBERT,=Ac,XE.s, natural dim. of James 4th Lord Karl of Buchan, widow of Maxwell, Adam, 2nd Earl of Bothwell. died 9th She had a charter of half July, of Carlaverock and Mernes 1546." from her husband Lord Max- well, 13th Nov. 1545, mar- ried before September, 1529: '2nd wife. 1 l Herbert Maxwell, 2nd son, ancestor of the Maxwells of Clowdon. Edward Maxwell, 3rd son, was taken prisoner at Solway in 1542, and released in the next yearon the payment of a ransom of sglOO. i i i 1. Mary, married Sir John John- ston, ofjohnston. 2. Agnes, married KobertCharteris, of Amisfield. 3. Elizabeth, mar- ried . . Jardine, of Applegirth. 1 This nobleman, on the resignation of his father, received a charter dated 14 Feb. 1477-8, to John Maxwell, son and heir appa- rent of Robert Lord Maxwell, of the barony of Maxwell in Roxburghshire, Carlaverock in the county of Dumfries, and Mernys in Renfrewshire! he is mentioned in the records of parliament, 12 Dec. 1482, as the son and heir apparent of Robert Lord Maxwell ; Steward of Annandale, and was one of the Commissioners appointed to settle border differences by the treaty of Nottingham, 23rd September, 1484 ; was one of the Conservators of a truce for the West Marches, 3rd July, I486' ; obtained a charter of lands in Wodden to him and to Agnes Stewart his wife, 20th Feb. 1491-2 ; was one of the Commissioners to treat with England, 29th July, 1494 ; received grants of divers lands, Sth June, 1507, and 2nd March, 1507-8, from the King. The following copy of an agreement of man-rent from the Murrays of Cockpool to this nobleman, is of some interest as a specimen of those curious deeds : " Be it kende till all men be this p'nt 1'res, us Shyr Adam of Murraye, Thomas of Murraye son ande apperande ayr to Cuthbert of Murraye of Cockpool, Charlyss of Murrye and Cuthbert of Murrye young' sones to yc said Cuthbert off Murrye off Cockpuil, to be bundync and oblyst ande be thir p'nt 1'res ande ye faith and treuth in our bodies lelelye and treuly bjnds and obless us men ande servands in manrent and service to ane nobill and mychtie Lorde, John Lorde Maxwell, bay1 in peace ande wycr. Ande we sal be till him leill ande trew and neyde reqr his skay' nor see it hot wee sal let it at all cure gudlye power, and gif wee mayen not latt it wee sal wayrne hyme in all possibill hest. Ande gif he schawiss us his counsaill, or any ane off us, wee sail consult it, ande gif he asks at us any consale wee sail gif hyme the best at we can. Ande at wee sail tak an afauld upry' part wy' hyme in all his Icffull and honest actionis causes and querilliss wy' or kyne men and freynds at all or gudly pouer forst befor and againe all y' ciess or dee may als oft ass wee salbe chargit be ye saide Lorde or be ony uther in his name exerpe ande o' allegienss till or Sovracc Lorde the King allandlye for all ye dais oft oure life but fraude or guile. In witness heyr off to yis or bande oft maurent ande service lelely and trewlyle to be kepit in all poynts ande articles above exprimit. Becauss we had na seyll proper present of yer auyn saidc Shyr Adam Thomas of Murraye Cherlyss ande Cuthbert bass wy' the seill oft ane honourabell man Cuthbert Murraye of Cockpule brither to yc saide Shyr Adam and fadyr to y" saide Thomas Charlyss ande Cuthbrt to y's p'nt bande of manrent and service for us to be affixit at Carleverock y« xxvn daye of the monct of August yc zer of Gode a thousande CCCCLXXXVII zcrs befor yir witness Jamess Lymlessayne of Fairgirth, Thomas of Carruthers of yc Holmains, Thomas of Cairns of Orchertoane, Gavind of Murraylwaite, Styne S^ott, Herbert of Johnstonc, and Adam of Jonestone, wy' uthers many diverss." ™ Nisbett, in his Heraldry, vol. I. p. 446, says that Kirkconncll of that Ilk ended about 1421 in an heiress, Janet de Kirkconnell, who married Homer Maxwell, a second son of Herbert Lord Maxwell. " Robert Lord Maxwell obtaiued a charter of lands in Dumfriesshire, 29th Nov. 1510; knighted and was constituted Steward of Annan- dale on his father's resignation, lotlijune, 1513; obtained divers forfeited lauds in 1516, 1526, 1528; to him and to Agnes Stewart, Countess of Bothwell, his wife, 29th Sept. 1529; 1530; 1532; to him and his said wife, 31st July, 1534 ; "f the Barony of Max- well, Carlaverock, and others, 28th July, 1534; to him and his said wife, 10th June, 1535; 1536; to him and his said wife, 12 June, 1541; was guardian of the West Marches, 7th Oct. 1517, and in June, 1540; was appointed a Commissioner of Regency, Tflth August, 1536; Bent as ambassador to France to negociate the marriage of James V. with Mary of Lorraine, in December, 1537 ; » cnaiter passed the great seal 6th June, 1540, of the lands and baronies of Maxwell, Carlaverock, ffcc. to him for life, remainder to Robert, Master of Maxwell, his son and heir apparent ; John, his second son ; Edward Maxwell, of Tynwall ; Edward Maxwell, of Lochruton; John Maxwell, of Cowhill ; Herbert Maxwell, brother german of the said Lord Maxwell; and Edward Maxwell, like- wise his brother german ; and the heirs male of their bodies respectively. Was constituted one of the extraordinary Lords of Session, 2nd July, 1541 ; taken prisoner at Solway in Nov. 1542, and ransomed Ut July, 1543, for 1000 marks. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XX111 ROBERT, 5th Lord Maxwell,^ was served lieir of his father, 5th August, 1550; was one of the Commissioners to treat with the English, 8 May, 1551; died It September, 1552. pBKATiux, '2nd dau. of James, !ird Earl of Mor- ton, mar. about, but after the 25th July, 1530. Margaret, married, first, 9 April, 15 1-3, Archibald Earl of Angus ; secondly, Sir William Baillie, of Lamington. Sir Jons =j MAXWELL, 5th Lord Merries, died before May, IfMtP =A(iSES, eldest daughter and coheiress of William, 4th Lord Merries, of Terregies. JOHN, 6th: Lord Maxwell, a posthu- mous son, slain De- cember 7th, 1593.P ELIZABETH, 2nd dau. of David Dou- glas, 7th Earl of Ang\is,mar.inl572. She mar. secondly, John Wallace, of C'raigie, as appears by a charter dated 5th Aug. 1598, and died at Edinburgh, in Feb. 1637 ; bur. at Lincluden. WILLIAM MAX-: WELL, 6th Lord Herries, was in- feft as heir of his father in May, 1594, and died 10th Octo- ber, 1604. :KATHE- James Maxwell, of Brnchinside, 2nd RINE, son. ^. For his issue see Wood's sister of Douglas's Peerage, vol. II. p. 319. Mark 1. Elizabeth, married in 1563 Sir John Kerr, Gordon, of Lochinvar. ^ first Earl 2. Margaret, married Mark, first Earl of Lo- of Lothian. ^~ thian. 3. Mary, married William, 6th Lord Hay of Yester. She had a charter from him 24th Feb. 1590-1. -f, 4. Grizel. mar. Sir Thomas Maclellan, of Bombie, and was mother of tin- first Lord Kirkcudbright. • Sir John Maxwell, by the description of " John Master of Maxwell," he being then presumptive heir of Robert fifth Lor.l Max- well, obtained a charter dated 1st February, 1549-50, to himself and Agnes his wife, one of the three daughters and coheirs of Wil- liam Lord Berries, of one-third of Terregies and other lands. Whilst guardian of the West Marches he was one of the Commis- sioners to treat of peace with the English, .9 Dec. 1552; was one of the ambassadors sent from the Lords of the Congregation in Feb. 1560, to arrange a treaty with the Duke of Norfolk ; and concluded another treaty with the English, 23 Sept. 1563 ; obtained charters of various lands to himself and his said wife, 22 May, 1561 ; the barony of Terregies and others were erected of new into a lordship and barony, and granted to him and Agnes bis wife by royal charter, 8th May, 1 566 ; sat in parliament as Lord Merries, 1 3th April, 1 567, on which day the Queen of Scotland, in reward of his services for twenty-two years as Warden of the West Marches, confirmed to him and Agnes Herries his wife, a charter and infeftrncnt of the baronies of Terregies and Kirkgunzean of the 8th May, 156G, to them and the heirs male of their bodies, failing which to his nearest and lawful heirs male whatsoever. He was at the battle of Lang- side on the part of the Queen in May, I.'.US ; and was forfeited in parliament, 19 August, 1568, but sentence was deferred; he was one of the Commissioners nominated on the part of Mary in September, 1568 ; and in April, 1569. was committed a prisoner to Edin- burgh castle, but was soon afterwards released, and continued an active adherent to the Queen ; obtained a charter of lands in Kirk- cudbright, lit October, 1572 ; was sent to require Morton to resign the regency in March, 1578. In Captain Riddell's MS. the subjoined copy is inserted of a speech delivered by this nobleman " in the presence of Elizabeth Queen of England," and transcribed " from the original preserved in the archives of the family of Nithsdale :" " Madam, — The Queen my mistress, who is nothing subject to you, but by misfortune, doth desire you to consider that it is an work of an evil example and most pernicious consequence to give way that her rebellious subjects should be heard against her, who being not able to destroy her by arms, do promise themselves to assassinate her, even in your own breast, under colour of justice. Madam, consider the estate of worldly affairs, and bear some compassion to the calamities of your poor suppliant, after the most liorried attempt on the King her husband, the murder of his servants, the cruel designings on her sacred person, after so many prisons and chains, the subjects are heard against their Queen, the rebels against their lawful! mistris, the guilty against the innocent, and the felons against their judge. Where are we, or what do we do ? Though Nature hath planted us in the farthest parts and the extremities of all the earth, yet she hath not taken the sense of humanity from us. Consider she is your own blood, your nearest kinswoman, she is one of the best of Queens in the world, for whom your Majesty is preparing bloody scaffolds in a place where she was promised and expected greatest favours. I want words to express so barbarous a deed, but I am ready to come to the effects, and to justify the innocence of my Queen by witnesses unrcproachable, and by papers written and subscribed by the hands of the accusers. If this will not suffice, I offer myself, by your Majesty's permission, to fight hand to hand, for the honour of my Queen, against tl.e must hardy and most resolat of those who are her accusers. In this I do assure myself of your equity, that you will not deny that favour unto her who acknowledge herself obliged to your bounty." ' John Lord Maxwell was served heir of his father, 24 May, 1 56!) ; with consent of his curators granted a charter of the lands of Mantles, Carlavcrock, S.c. 4th Feb. 1571-2, to Elizabeth, sister of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, in her virginity, for the XXIV HISTORY OF Jons, 7th Lord Max- ROBERT, =pKLiz A BETH, 2. Agnes, -\ i — i — i 1. Sarah, married, first, well, eldest son, was 8th Lord daughter of married ZA- MAX- Sir James Johnston, of served heir male of his Max- Sir Francis William liF.TII, WELL, Johnston, who was kill- father, llth Apr. 1601, well, Beaumont, Douglas, eldest 7th ed by Lord Maxwell 13 Sept. 1603, and 19 died in and a near of Pen- d i. ligh- Lord in 1608 ; Sndly, John, Sept. 1604; married May, relation of zie. ter. Her- 1st Earl of Wigton ; Margaret, only dau. of George Vil- 3. Marga- ries, Srdly, Hugh Montgo- John, first Marquess of liers, Duke ret, mar- only mery, Viscount of Airds Hamilton: hekilledSir of Bucking- riedHugh son, in Ireland ; buried 29th James Johnston, 6th ham. Wallace, died March, 1636. April, 1608, in a feud, of Crai- about 2. Margaret, married for which he was tried, gie. 1627.r Robert Glendonwyn, and beheaded at the of Glendonwyn : mar- cross of Edinburgh, 21 riage contract dated May, 1613, died s. r. <r 14 Jan. 1605. matrimony to he contracted between them ; obtained charters of various lands in 1 573, 1 674, and 1 58 1 ; on the execution and attainder of the Regeut Morton, he, as representative of his mother, obtained a charter of the eaildum, barony, and regality of Moiton, of new erected into the Earldom of Morton, 5th June, 1581, and which was ratified with consent of parliament, 19th Nov. 1581, but the attainder being rescinded, he was deprived of that title in January, 1585 ; was guardian of the West Marches, but being deprived of it, a feud commenced between him and the Laird of Johnston to whom it was grunted, and though restored to that office the ani- mosity continued, and he was killed in an engagement with the Johnstons on the 7th Dec. 1593, " when, being a tall man, and heavy with armour, he was struck from his horse and dispatched ;" buried at Lincludeu. The following account of this affair occurs in Captain Riddell's MS. " The Laird of Johnstone, Warden of the West Marches, opposed Lord Maxwell in his being re-elected Provost of Dumfries ; but Lord Maxwell, with his numerous and armed friends, preoccupying the town on the day of election, had himself continued Provost of Dumfries. Upon this, complaint being lodged against Lord Maxwell at court, where he was out of favour, and being in vain commanded to present some of the Armstrongs for whom he was bound, he was denounced a rebel, and the Laird of Johnstone had orders to pursue him, some soldiers, well officered, being sent to his assistance ; but these ere they joined him were defeated by Lord Maxwell's bastard brother. To revenge this, Johnstone carried fire and sword into the territories of the Maxwells, which they repaying, a destructive war was carried on by the two clans, until the Laird of Johnstone was taken j risouer, when he soon died of grief for his disaster. Lord Maxwell fled to Spain to let the storm blow over. When he returned, the King determined to march against him, for Lord Maxwell had many alliances on the West Border, and the broken men of the Border had repaired to him in Mich numbers that the Warden [then the Lord Herrics] was unable to contend with him. Upon the King's approach Lord Max- well fled to Galloway, and the houses of Langholm, Thrieve, and Carlaverock surrendered to his Majesty. Lochmaben only re- •isted till a train of artillery was brought from Cumberland, when the garrison capitulated for life, from which the Governor was excepted. His name was Maxwell ; he having refused to deliver the castle to the King in person, he was shown no mercy. Castle Milk and Morton Castle James ordered to be burned, and he ordered Sir William Stewart to bring him Maxwell dead or alive, who pursued Lord Maxwell from Kirkcudbright to the Isle of Sky, and from thence to Carrick j he seized him in a cave near the Abbey of Coxcraqwel, and carried him to the King at Edinburgh, who afterwards pardoned him on hi:, giving bond not to disturb the esta- blished religion on pain ofj£l()0,000 sterling. He was again appointed Warden; for some of the name of Johnstone having, ia July, 1590, committed great depredations in the barony of Sanquhar and Drumlaurig, and killed many who pursued to recover the booty, Lord Maxwell, the Warden, was commissioned to pursue the plunderers with the utmost hostility. But not long before the Laird i Robert Lord Maxwell was restored to the title and estates, of his family by letter under the great seal, 13 Oct. 1618, and was served heir of his brother 13 July, 1C1S). Created Earl of Nithsdale, Lord Maxwell, Eskdale, and Carlyle, by patent, dated at Farnham, 20th August, 1640. to him, " suosque hreredcs masculos," with precedency from the 29th October, 1581, the date of the charter of the earldom of Morton to his father. Was appointed a Commissioner to obtain an unconditional surrender of tithes by Charles I. in 1625 ; was, on the 1 1th May, 1630, served heir in general of John Lord Maxwell, abavi, and Robert Lord Maxwell proavi. He joined Montrose in 1644, for which he was excommunicated by the general assembly. ' John Maxwell, 7th Lord Herries, was served heir of his father, 26th Jan. and 26 Dec. 1604 ; and of his grandfather, John Lord Herrics, 2oth Jan. 1609. and 28th Oct. 1617; obtained a charter ofTrailtrow, 31st May, 1610 ; and of Craigley. 5th Jan. 1611. CAHLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXV ROBERT, 2nd Earl Elizabeth Maxwell, JOHN MAXWELL, 8th=;=ELizABETH, eldest dau. Elizabeth, of Nithsdale, and died unmarried in Lord Herries, only 9th Lord Maxwell, only son, diedunm. in October, 1667. s was in that town. dale 1667, ob 1623, at Dumfries, son,t succeeded as when the plague third Earl of Niths- of Sir Robert Gordon, married of Lochinvar, Bart, sis- George, 2nd ter of the first Viscount Earl of Win- Kenmure. toun. ,-•* ROBERT MAXWELL, fourth==LucY, 8th dau. of Wil- Earl of Nithsdale, &c. eldest I liain, first Marquess of son, died in March, 1695. I Douglas. John Maxwell, 2nd son, and William Max- well, 3rd son, both of whom appear to have died issueless. WILLIAM MAXWELL, fifth Earl of Nithsdale, &c.=pWiNiFRED, youngest dau. of William Herbert, first only son, died at Rome, 20th March, 1744." j Marquess of Powis; she died at Rome in 1749." I Laird of Jolmstone had contracted an intimate friendship with hi> Lordship, and had exchanged bonds of man-rent for their mutual defence. Lord Sanquhar and Drumlanrig, knowing how ambitious Lord Maxwell was of being followed, offered him their services, which be eagerly accepted, as he thought this an opportunity not to be omitted for rendering all Nithsdale dependent on him. Ac- cordingly a mutual obligation was signed by them and many in their friendship. This, however, was not kept so secret as it ought to have been. One Johnstone, who served the Warden, carried it to his chief, who, although he was startled with this double dealing of Lord Maxwell, resolved to dissemble his knowledge of it, and only to ask the Warden if the report of his entering into such an engagement was true. Lord Maxwell at first denied ; but missing the bond, he excused the matter, as be was obliged to obey the King, and to do as he was directed. Johnstone now knowing what ho had to expect, associated with the Scotts of Tiviotdale, and the Elliots and Grahams of the Esk ; and, hearing that Lord Maxwell had levied a considerable force, part of which he had garrisoned Lochmaben with, till he himself could come there, be resolved to prevent him, and cut them off. This he executed with a bar- barous precipitation. The Lord Maxwell, to repair this disgrace, entered Annandale with banners displayed, as the King's Lieute- nant, followed by two thousand desperadoes, resolving to raze the houses of Lockwood and Lockerby. Johnstone being inferior in numbers, kept aloof, and detached some prickers only, in the Border way, to watch opportunities. These performed their orders to effectually that they forced back a party who came to attack them with such precipitancy that they even broke their main body. This Johnstone observing, completed their confusion by a furious onset; and in the flight, the Warden, being a heavy man and loaded with armour, was struck from his horse, and unmercifully murdered. This happened in Dec. 1593." . • Robert second Earl of Nithsdale was excommunicated by the General Assembly, 26th /T\ April, 1644, and was in the same year taken prisoner when Newcastle was stormed by the Scot- \/ tish army. On the 3rd February an act was passed restoring him against his father's forfeiture. He was commonly called the Philosopher. ' John Maxwell, eighth Lord Herries, was excommunicated by the General Assembly, S6th April, 1644, for joining Montrose; and was proposed to be excepted from pardon by the articles of Westminster in July, 1 646. He succeeded to the titles of Earl of Nithsdale and Lord Maxwell, &c. and to the family estates, on the death of his kinsman, Robert Earl of Nithsdale, &c. in October, 1667, to whom he was served heir male and of entail, 6th April, 1670, " proavi fratris immediate scnioris," in his estates in several counties. " William Maxwell, fifth Earl of Nithsdale, &c. was served heir male and of line and entail of his father, 36 May, 1696 ; and heir male and of entail of Robert Earl of Nithsdale, " vulgo nuncupat' le Philosopher, pronepotis quondam Robert! Domini Maxwell, fratris immediate senioris quondam Joaunis Domini Herries, proavi quondam Joannis Domini Herries postea Comes de Nithsdale, qui fuit frater nuper Robert! Comitis de Nithsdale patris WUIielmi, nunc Comitis de Nithsdale pronepotis fratris tritavi," 19th May, 1698. Having engaged in the rebellion in 1715, he was taken at Preston on the 14th Nov. in that year, and sent to the Tower of London ; was tried and found guilty in January, 1716, and was sentenced to be ex- ecuted, with the Earl of Derwentwater and Viscount Kenmure, on the S4th Feb. 1716: by the heroism of his wife he, however, effected his escape. By his attainder all his honours became forfeited ; but, liaving disponed his estates to his son in Nov. 1712, they were preserved from forfeiture. The arms of this nobleman were, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, beaked nnd membcred Gules, surmounted by an escutcheon of the First, charged with a saltire of the Second, and surcharged in the centre with a hedgehog Or. His crest: a stag Proper, attired Argent, couchant before a holly bush Proper. His supporters; two stags Proper, attired Argent : and his motto j " Reviresco." 1 See the next pge. g XXVI HISTORY OF JOHN MAXWELL, son and heir, succeeded to=pKATHERiNE, fourth dau. of his father's estates on his death in 1744, and assumed the title of Earl of Nithsdale. He died at London, 4-th August, 1776. Charles Stewart, 4th Earl of Traquair. She died at Lon- don, 6th March, 1773. Anne, married John Lord Bellew, of Ire- land, at Rome in De- cember, 1731. MARY MAXWELL, eldest dau. and coheiress, died at Terregles, unmar- ried, 31 December, 1747, an. 15. WINIFRED MAXWELL, 2nd dau.=pWiLLiAM HAGGERSTON CONSTABLE, of Ever- inpham Park, second son of Sir Carnaby Hag- and eventually sole heiress, suc- ceeded to all her father's estates, including CARLAVEROCK ; mar. at Terregles, 17 Oct. 1758; died at Terregles, 13 July, 1801,8=1.66. gerston, of Haggerston, in the Bishopric of Durham, Bart. He assumed the name and arms of MAXWELL, and died at Terregles, 20th June, 1797. MARMADUKE WIL-= LI AM HAGGEHSTON MAXWELL CONSTA- BLE, born 2nd Jan. 1760, assumed the name of MAXWELL, and succeeded to CARLAVEKOCK and the other estates of that family, married 26th Nov. 1800, died 30th June, 1819. THERESA APPOLO- NiA,dau.of Edmund Wakeman, Esq. bro- ther of William Wakeman, ofBeckford Place, in Worcester- shire, Esq. Charles Haggerston Constable, 3rd and youngest son, assumed the name and arms of Stanley only, of Ackham; mar- ried, first, in Sept. 1793, Elizabeth, sister and heiress of Sir William Stan- ley, of Hooton in Cheshire, who died in 1792, died at London, 23 June, 1797; 2ndly, Miss Macdonald, mar. at York, 24 Feb. 1800. Mary, mar. 24 June, 1794, John Webb Weston.of Sutton Place in Surrey, Esq. who died s. p. She living Jan. 1828. Theresa, unmarried. William = Hagger- ston Con- stable,2nd son, assu- med the name of MIDDEL- TON, of Stockeld Park, in Yorkshire, Esq. :Clara Louisa, only dau. ofVVilliam Grace, Esq. and aunt of the pre- sent Sir William . Grace, Bart. WILLIAM 2. Marmaduke Constable CONSTA- Maxwell, of Terregles, BLEMAX- co. Dumfries, Esq. born 1 WELL, of Jan. 1806. Evering- 3. Peter Constable Max- ham Park well, born 7th Feb. 1807. in York- 4. Henry Constable Max- shire, well,ofMilnhead,co.Dum- Esq. fries, born 28th Dec.1810. Present 5. Joseph Constable Max- LORD OF well, born 27th Oct. 1811. CARLA- Mary, married, 1st May, VEROCK, 1821, Hon. Chas. Lang- eldestson, dale, 4th son of Charles, born 25th 16th Lord Stourton. August, Theresa, m. Jan. 15, 1822, 1804.y Hon. Chas. Clifford, 2nd son of Charles, 7th Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. Ann, born 17th March, 1808,diedl5thJune,1811. Peter Middelton, of Stockeld Park, in Yorkshire, Esq. eld- est son ; married Hon.Juliana, daugh- ter of Charles, 16th Lord Stourton. Francis Middelton, Esq. 2nd son ; mar- ried Alice, daughter and coheiress of James Taylor, of the county of Lan- caster, Esq. Ann, died unmarried, 30th Dec. 1826. Barbara Clara Mid- delton. 1 A circumstantial and most interesting narrative of the escape of the Earl of Nithsdale, from the pen of his Countess, in a letter to her sister Lady Lucy Herbert, was printed in the first volume of the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and some other publications. It has lately been beautifully printed, from a MS. in the possession of Lord Arundel, with illustrative notes and a pedigree, by Sheffield Grace, of Lincoln'« Inn, Esq. brother of Sir William Grace, Bart. ' The arms of this gentleman are, 1st and 4th, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, beaked and membered Gules, surmounted by an escutcheon of the First charged with a saltire of the Second, and surcharged in the centre with a hedgehog Or: MAXWELL. 2nd, Barry of six Or ai.d Azure : CONSTABLE. 3rd, Azure, on a bend cotised Argent three billets Sable, a crescent for difference : HAGGERSTON. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXV11 The little which is known of the history of the Castle after the reign of Edward the Third is detailed in the following narrative of Grose : " This Castle again experienced the miseries of war,z being, according to Camden, in his Annals, in the month of August, 15/0, ruined by the Earl of Sussex, who was sent with an English army to support King James VI. after the murder of the Regent. The same author, in his Britannia, written about 1607, calls it a weak house of the Barons of Maxwell, whence it is probable that only the fortifications of this Castle were demolished by Sussex ; or that, if the whole was destroyed, only the mansion was rebuilt. " The fortifications of this place were, it is said, once more reinstated by Robert, the first Earl of Nithsdale, in the year 1638 ; and, during the troubles under Charles I., its owner nobly supported the cause of royalty, in which he expended his whole fortune ; nor did he lay down his arms till he, in 1640, received the King's letters, directing and authorizing him to deliver up the castles of Thrieve and Carlaverock upon the best condi- tions he could obtain ; in both which castles the Earl maintained con- siderable garrisons at his own expense ; namely, in Carlaverock an hun- dred, and in Thrieve eighty men, besides officers. The ordnance, arms, ammunition, and victuals, were also provided at his cost. " The following particulars respecting the articles of capitulation, and furniture left in this castle, are copied from a curious manuscript in the possession of Captain Riddell. z In a letter from the Earl of Hertford to Lord Wharton and Sir Robert Bowes, April 1544, the Earl desires them to send " Patie Grayme or other trustie and wise felowe, under colour of some other mes-- sage, for to view the castles of Lowmaban, Tress, Carlavroke, and Langholme, being within the rule and custodie of Robert Maxwell," as the King wished " to knowe the strength and scitualions" of them, " whether the same, or any of them, stonde in such sorte, and be of such strength, as, if they were in the King's Majesties hands, they might be kept and holden aynenst the enemyes." In case either of them was tenable, the said messenger was to " ernestly travaile with Robert Maxwell for the delyverie of the same into his Majestie's hands, if with money and rewarde, or other large oflers, the same may be obtayned ;" and Lord Wharton and Mr. Bowes were further instructed, as opportunities might be given them, " to feale the mynde and inclination of the said Robert Maxwell in the same." Hayne's Burleigh Papers, pp. 27-8. XXVlil HISTORY OF " Copy of the Capitulation between the Earl of Nithsdale and Colonel Home, at Dumfries, the 1st day of October, 1640. " The q'lk day, p'ns of the Committee of Nithsdale, residing at Dumfries, compeared Lieute- nant-Colonel Home, and gave in and produced the articles of capitulation past betwixt Robert Earl of Nithsdale and the said Lieutenant-Colonel, at the Castle of Carlaverock, the 26th day of September last by past, and desired the said articles to be insert and registrate in the bukes of the said Committee, and that the extract yrof might be patent to any party havand interest, and the principal articles re-delivered to him, q'lk the said Committee thought reasonable ; of the q'lk articles the tenor follows, viz. " Articles condescended upon betwixt the Earl of Nithsdale and Lieutenant-Colonel Home, the 26th day of September, 1640, at the Castle of Carlaverock. " For the first article it is condescended on that for my Lord, his friends, and followers, that there shall no other course be taken with him and them in their religion, than with others of his and their professions. " Wheras it is desired be my Lord, that he, his friends, and followers, be no farther trouble in their persons, houses, and estates, house guides therein, then according to the common course of the Kingdom ; it it is agreed unto, that no other course shall be taken with him and his foresaids, then with others of his and their professions. " Wheras it is desired he and they may sorte out with bag and baggage ; it is agreed, that he, his friends, and followers, and soldiers, with each of them their arms and shotte, with all their bag and baggage, trunks, household stuff, belonging on their honour and credit to his Lordship and them, w* safe conduct to Langholm, or any other place within Nithsdale, is granted. " Wheras it is desired be my Lord, that guides intromitt with, belonging to his Lordship's friends and followers, restitution thereof be made ; it is agreed to, what course shall be taken with others of his and yr condition, shall be taken with him and them. " It is condescended upon be my Lord, tokened the burden on him for himself, his friends, and followers, that he nor they sail not hi any time coming, tack arms in prejudice of this kingdom, nor shall have any intelligence with any prejudice thereof, upon their honour and credit. " It is condescended on be my Lord, and his friends, and followers, that they sail contribute and do every thing lying incumbent on them, according to the general course of the kingdom. " Lastly, it is condescended on be my Lord, his friends, and followers, that he and they sail deliver up the house and fortalice of Carlaverock to Lieutenant-Colonel Home, w' the cannon, superplus of ammunition, and other provisions ; and that he shall remove himself, officers, and whole garrison and followers, out of the said castle and fortalice. " And this his Lordship obliest himself and his to perform upon his honour and credit, betwixt this and the 29th day of September instant, 1640. (Sic subscribitur,) NITHSDALE. JO'N HOME. " This is the just copy of the said articles of capitulation, extract forth of the Books of the said Committee, by me, Mr. Cuthbert Cunninghame, notter clerk yrof undescribing. (Signed,) CUTHBEKT CUNNINGHAME, Clerk. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXIX " A note of such things as were left in the house of Carlaverock at my Lord's departure, in the year of God, 1640. " Imprimis, in the wine sellar, 4 barrels of seake. Item, in the other seller, 3 hogsheads of French wine, and an iron grate. Item, more, 30 bolls of meal. Item, in the end of die kitchen, 2 barrels of herring. Item, in the high wardrop, 1 locked trunk, and three timber beds, and 1 iron window. Mare, 1 stoller, 1 old katell, and 2 picks and a moald. Item, up high, four cubards and a crucifix. Mare, in the warehouse, an crokpin. Item, in chamber, a cubard. In my Lord Maxwell's chamber, two beds and a cubard, and a locked chest, and another chest. The outer room, two trunks and a bed, and a great tow. Mare, in the musket chamber, a bed and a belows : in the turnpike a cupbord. Mare, in the new wardrope, 3 beds. Item, in the master's chamber a bed and a cupbord. Mare, in the damask bed chamber, a bed, and acupbord, and a targe, and a fire chuvell. Item, in the kitchen, a chimney and grate, and a pair of long raxes. In the new hall, a leid, and a masken fatt, and a study, and a pair of bellies. Item, in the long hall, 6 cases of windows, with 22 pikes, 13 lancies, and 2 sakes of white stules. Item, mare in Sander's cham- ber, 4 beds. Mare, in my Lord's hall, 2 burds and 6 turkies-fowls. Item, mare in the round chamber, without my Lord's chamber, 5 feder beds, 9 bolsters, 4 cods, 5 pair of blankets, and 4 rugs, 6 pieces of buckram, with my Lord's arms, and 2 and another bed with black fring and a painted brods, a cuburd, 9 stooles covered with cloth of silver, 2 great chairs of silver cloth ; mare, a green caniby bed ; mare, a sumber cloth ; mare, 3 great and little , and 4 stoles, and a long coussin, all of black and white stuff; mare, 4 stooles and 2 chairs, coveret with brune cloth passemenlet yealow ; mare, a great locke and a wauroke net ; mare, there is one great chair, 4 stules coveret reid with black passment ; mare, 22 curtain rods, a trunk locked full, and 2 of virginals ; mare, in the drawing room, a brace of iron and canaby bed, with a fender, bed, and a bolster, and 3 tronks locket, a Turky stule, and a rich work stule, and ane old chair, with a cod nailed on ; mare, a frame of a chair. Item, in fire house, is 7 covers of Turkey work for stules, and a coffer, 2 chests, 15 chamber pots, 5 pots for easements, a mortar and a pistol, a brazen pot, a brazen ladle, a bed pan, 4 wine sellers, a little chopin pot, and my Lord and my Ladies pic- tures ; mare, a chest, with some glasses, and 5 fedder beds, 5 bolsters, 3 char pots, 2 red window curtings ; mare, there is in the dining room before my Lady's chamber, a burd, and a falling bed, 2 Turkey stooles, a blue on the case of the knock ; mare, in my Lord's chamber there is a bed furnished of damask, and lead our with gold lace ; mare, there is 2 chairs, and 3 stools of damask, and a ciiburd, and a carpet, and a chair coveret with brune cloth, and a chamber all hanged, a water pot, a tongs and bellies, 1 knoke, 28 muskets, 28 handlers, and 2 2-handed swords, and 9 collers for deggers; mare, in Conheathe's chamber, a bed, and cuburd, and sundries ; mare, in the ould house, 38 spades of iron. " This is the true inventory of the goods left in Carlaverock, taken there be Ardiur M'Machan and William Sleath; there was one locked trunk in the high wardrop, which was full of men's cloaths ; and in that great trunk which was mentioned to be in the round chamber, there was a great wrought bed, a suit of cloaths of silver, chairs and stools to be made up, and an embroidered cannabic of grey sattin to be made up too ; as for the other trunks, which were left in the open h XXX HISTORY OF rooms, it cannot be remembered in particular what was left into them ; and that this is all true we underwritten can witness, (Signed,) WILLIAM WOOD, witness. WILLIAM MAXWELL, witness. THOMAS MAXWELL, witness. " A note of the household stuff intromitten with by Lieutenant-colonel Home of Carlaverock. " Imprimis. He has intromitten with five suit of hangings, there being eight pieces in every suit, the price of every suit overheid estimate threescore pounds sterling. " Item. Has intromitten with five beddies, twa of silk and three of cloth, every bed consisting of five coverings, course rugs, three over ballens, and ane long , with masse silk fringes of half quarter deep, and ane counter pont of the same stuff, all laid with braid silk lace, and a small fringe about, with chairs and stools answerable, laid with lace and fringe, with feather bed and bolster, blankets and rug, pillers, and bedsteid of timber answerable ; every bed estimate to be worth an hundred and ten pounds sterling. " Item. He was intromitten with ten lesser bedies, qrof four are cloth cortens, and six with stuff orferge, every bed furnished with bottoms, vallens, and testers, fedder bed, bolster, rugge, blankets, and pillows, and bedsteid of timber answerable ; every bed estimate to fifteen pounds sterling overheid. " Item. He has intromitten with seventy other beds for servants, consisting of fether bed, bol- ster, rug, blankets, and estimate to seven pound sterling a-piece. " Item. He has intromitten with forty carpets, estimate overheid to forty shillings sterling a-piece. " Item. He has intromitten with the furniture of ane drawing room of cloth of silver, con- sisting of an entire bed cobbert and six stools, all with silk and silver fringe, estimate to one hundred pounds sterl. " Item. He has intromitted with twa dozen of chairs and stools covered with red velvet, with fringes of crimson silk and guilt nails, estimate to threescore pounds sterling. '; Item. He has intromitten with five dozen of Turkey work chairs and stools, every chair esti- mate to fifteen shillings sterling, and every stool to nine shillings sterling. " Item. He has intromitten with an library of books, qlk stood my Lord to twa hundred pounds sterling. " Item. He has intromitten with twa ope truncks full of Holland shirts, and pillabers, and dorock damask table cloths, and gallons, and towells, to the number of forty pair of shittes or thereby, and seventy stand of neprey, every pair of sheets consisting of 7 ells of cloth, at six shillings sterling the ell, amounts to ,£5. 2s. sterling the pair. Inde .£704 sterling. " Item, the stand of neprey, consisting of ane table cloth, of twa dozen napkins, twa long towells, estimate to xx pound ster. " Item. He has intromitten with an knock that stands upon ane table, estimate to xx pound sterling. CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. XXXI " Item. He has suffered his followers to spoil me ane coach of the furniture qlk stood me fifty pounds sterling. " Item. He has intromitten with other twa trunks full of course sheets and neprie, to the number of forty pair or thereby of sheets, and twenty stand of coarse neprie or thereby ; the pair of sheets and the furniture consisting of twelve ells, at half a crown an ell, amounts threttie shillings sterling the pair. Inde vu and xx pound. " Item. The stand of neprie, consisting of table cloth, twa do/en of nepkins, and ane towell, estimate to the stand. Inde " Item. He has intromitten with an trunk full of suits of apparel, qrof there was eight suits of apparell or thereby, some of velvet, some of saten, and some of cloth, every suit consisting of cloaths, bricks, and close dublets with velvet, estimate at the suit. Inde ii — viij — iiij lib." " To this and other complaints of a breach of the articles of capitulation, Col. Home, among various excuses, answered that what he did was by order of the Committee of Estates ; by whose particular directions this place was demolished, on their being informed that the Earl's officers and soldiers had broken their parole, and were then actually in arms. " This castle, like the old one, is triangular, and surrounded by a wet ditch ; it had a large round tower on each angle ; that on the east is de- molished; that on the western angle is called Murdoc's tower, from Murdoc Duke of Albany having been confined there, as has been before mentioned. The entrance into the castle yard lies through a gate on the northernmost angle, machicollated, and flanked by two circular towers. Over the arch of the gate is the crest of the Maxwells, with the date of the last repairs, and this motto, " i BID YE FAIR." The residence of the family was on the east side, which measures 123 feet. It is elegantly built, in the style of James VI. It has three stories, the doors and win- dow cases handsomely adorned with sculpture ; over those of the ground floor are the coats of arms and initials of the Maxwells, and the different branches of that family ; over the windows of the second story are repre- sentations of legendary tales ; and over the third, fables from Ovid's Metamorphoses ; in the front is a handsome door case leading to the great hall, which is 91 feet by 26. " At a considerable distance towards the north-east of the area on which the castle stands, and near the farm-house, is a handsome gate of squared stone, having a circular arch." XXX11 HISTORY OF CARLAVEROCK CASTLE. Several views of the remains of the second castle occur in that work, and others will also be found in Pennant's " Tour in Scotland," in Cardonnel's " Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland," and in Daniell's " Voyage round Great Britain." Mr. Pennant evidently considered the castle of which he speaks as the one which was besieged in 1300. A MS. account of Carlaverock, by Captain Riddell, in 1/87, thus describes the present building. " The present building is triangular. At two of the corners had been round towers, one of which is now demolished ; and on eacli side of the gateway, which forms the third angle, are two rounders. Over the arch is the crest of the Lords Maxwell, and this motto, ' i BID YE FAIR.' This castle yard is triangular ; one side, which seems to have been the family residence, is elegantly built ; has three stones, with very handsome win- dow cases. On the pediments of the lower story are coats of arms carved, with different figures and devices. The opposite side of the court-yard is plain. In the front is a handsome door-case that leads to the great hall, which is ninety feet by twenty-six. The whole internal length of that side is 123 feet"" a Now in the possession of J. B. Nichols, Esq. F. S. A. 2 le ©fege tie ftatlafcetofe* i a millime b tregenteigime c an be ; au iour be geint Sjoiin d atint a Carbuel <€btoarb grant courte6 <E comanba q' f a terme court arout e gi £ome ge appareillaggent «EngettibIe obeoc Ii alaggent h &ur leg <£gcog geg enemig ®ebemg ' te iour que k leur J fu mig Jpu pregte tout le ogt bame m <£ Ii bong iSopg o ga maiginen Cantogt ge bint berg leg €gcog g en coteg et gurcog ° lig gur leg gra'g c^ebaug be prig : ceo q' it ne feuggent gurprig P arme bien tt i geurement %a ont meinte riclje garnement * 25robe gur cenbeaug et gamig * lEeint beau penon en lance mis JEteint baniere begploie u € loing egtoit la noise oie x tote tgtotent moung e baulg z ng "* oe gommerg bb e be cljarroi • The copy of the poem in the Cottonian Library commences with these Una: 31 tconjclr# be orans mou?titcj# 5Cru et (en he tiois Cfteuiars It fns b Milem. • treiceniaine an De Grace au iour, &c. A Joban. « Fu a Carduel e tint grant court. ' Ke. 8 tint. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. IN the year of Grace one thousand three hundred, on the day of Saint John, Edward held a great Court at Carlisle, and com- manded that in a short time all his men should prepare, to go together with him against his enemies the Scots. On the appointed day the whole host was ready, and the good King with his household, then set forward against the Scots, not in coats and surcoats, but on powerful and costly chargers ; and that they might not be taken by surprise, well and securely armed. There were many rich caparisons embroi- dered on silks and satins ; many a beau- tiful penon fixed to a lance ; and many a banner displayed. And afar off was the noise heard of the neighing of horses : mountains and vallies were every where covered with h E ensemble ovee li alassent. ' Dedens. k Ke. ' iour. m banie. » E li roys o sa grant maisnie. ° e sou'cos. P This line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian Library. <i ben e. » guarnement. * Erode sur sendaus et samis. » Meint banier deploie. * Se estoit la noise loign oie. y De henissemens de chevaus. * Par tout estoient mons e vaus. »* Plein. bb somiers. le @>fege He ftattafcerofu <©ue a la bitatle et b la couroi ©e tente^ et de pabillong c € It tour£ egtoit beau£ e longs! 4be erroient d petite^ iourneeg €n quatre e.ScfrielejS6 ordineegf 3teg s quelesS bou# h fcetotfrcaf <8ue ' nulle n'en k tte^pa^erat m tie n compatgnon? et fe fcaniere^ nomement P nier coment IJfenti fe bon Conte de Biri3<tfe r ©e protoe^e enbra^e $ a cole s € en gon coen * le a goutoeraineu Haenan^ le e^c^tele x primeraine y 25antere ot de un cendall ^affrin z <© un lion «» rampant porprin bb ri Robert le fit? toautier cc <©e bien £iet oe arme^ le meatier •" ^>t ee en fegoit qanq'sS ff il deboit €n la taune banier ss aboit entce deu^ cijebron^ bermaug erroint. « Echeles. k ne en> " b e c Be tentis e de paveiloni9 ' ordenis. e Le. h vos- i jje m diray. n des 0 foutes les P De banerez nomement. q Si vo' volez oir coment. ainz. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 5 sumpter horses and waggons with provi- sions, and sacks of tents and pavillions. And the days were long and fine. They proceeded by easy journeys, arranged in four squadrons; the which I will so describe to you, that not one shall be passed over. But first I will tell you of the names and arms of the companions, especially of the banners, if you will listen how. Henry the good Earl of Lincoln, burn- ing with valour, and which is the chief feeling of his heart, leading the first squa- dron, had a banner of yellow silk with a purple lion rampant. With him Robert le Fitz Walter, who well knew the use of arms, and so used them when required. In a yellow banner he had a fess between two red chevrons. r Enris H bons quens de Nicole. • Ki proueste enbraste e acole. < cuer. " soueraine * escbele. ? premeraine. * Baner ont de un cendal safrin. "» lioun. bb purprin. cc O lui Robert le fiz Water. dd Ke ben sont dez armes le master. ee Se. ff Kanques. 88 baner jaune. C s>iege Be fcarlafcerofu a It Ulare^cljau^ b ©ont en 3jrelanbe c ot fa baillie 3ta benae tie or engreillied $ortoit en la rouge baniere *|ue 23arboulf e be grant maniere Jlicije^ fyam$ preu£ e courtoijS f «Hn a^ure s quint fuelled h &e fin or e£mere grant seigneur mout bonore ' i^ k ie bein ' nom'er le cinfiime le Seigneur oe ftime m <Buin portoit rouge obe° un cfjeberon ©e or croi^elle tout enbiron P be «Brai tt ie la $ti ben e noblement ala <©bec ^on bon jJeigneur r Ie Conte SSanier aboit e par Droit conte «De bi s pieci^ l la bouji mejfur 23arre u be argent e be a£ur » Guillems. b Marescaus. c Irlande. <l engreellie. « Bardoul. ( Riches horns e preus e cortois. I asur. h fullez. 1 Une grant seignour mu'lt honnore. k pus< i (,en- THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. / And William le Marshall, who in Ire- land had the chief command. He bore a gold bend engrailed in a red banner. Hugh Bardolf, a man of great appear- ance, rich, valiant, and courteous. He bore, azure, three cinquefoils of pure gold. A great lord, much honoured, may I well name the fifth, Philip the Lord of Kyme, who bore red, with a chevron of gold surrounded by crosslets. I saw Henry de Grey there, who well and nobly attended with his good Lord the Earl. He had a banner, and rec- koned rightly you would find it barry of six pieces of silver and blue. "> Phelippe le seignur de Kyme. " Ki. • O. P De or croissillie tot en viron. 1 Henri. * seignour. * sit. < pecys. u Barree. 8 JLe ©fcffe He AAA Robert De JJion^aut i e£tott ftt mout jjaute entente i mettoit * ®e faire a ijaute Ijoneut b ateinte c 25aniere abort en agure teinte d <©ue un Ipon rampant t> 'argent e <£ compaigneg a cele gent f CfjomajS De lEuItone #e fu aboit baniere1 ee^cu argent obek treig faar^1 De goule^m " armcs' ne f urent pas 5^e giente en la parellement <Cac teller ou regemfalement He %onga£ter entre ftc en (ieu tie une barre mcins Quarter r rouge e iaune luppart s € be telle me^me part ' jpu <5ui[[emi)S u It Jti Darme.si ne^t muet ne aboit beinz conoi^abte or fin oue (a baunce tie sable a • Ky m'lt haute entent metoit. b honur. c atainte. d This line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian Library. c O an lyoun rampant de arge't. ' Acompainiez a eel gent. 5 Moukon, h Ky. ' baner. k O. ' barres. m gouly's. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 9 Robert de Montalt was there, who highly endeavoured to acquire high honor. He had a banner of a blue colour, with a lion rampant of silver. In company with these was Thomas de Multon, who had a banner and shield of silver with three red bars. These arms were not single, for such, or much resembling them, were in the hands of John de Lancaster ; but who, in the place of a bar less, bore a red quarter with a yellow leopard. And of this same division was William le Vavasour, who in arms is neither deaf nor dumb. He had a very distinguishable banner of fine gold with a sable dauncet. • Ses. ° le apparellement. P Kar teles ot re&emM.tntme't. 1 Johans de Langastre. ' Quartier. • lupart. < E le cele meUpart. u Guillames. x Ky de armes ne cst muet tie sours. y Bauer, i ben. la De or fyn o la dance de sable. D 10 le @fege He ens>ement ft i bicn e aDe.^ement b HI a sarnie;* c touted le.si s>ai£onj» 3u Counte d e.s'tott gi e£t ration?' ftc nome£e $oit entref ^a gent fiouge portoit frette D'argcnt s bon Robert le fit? Jlogier b ie jia baniere a rengtet ' cefe au Counte1 en cele alee or etm oe rouge e^quartelee une benDe taint en noier u on fit? et P #on Jbeir «i ftt r Oe Ctabering a ^urnom s Drter^e tie ricn non u Dtun label! x bert jjeulement ^>e e.^totent DU retenement 2u bon Jlonte et au bien ame? Cuit ctl fee ci boujS ai nome e.sf companijS2 fu li Cone^tablejs • ricj]e.bj e mctable^ bb e^toit &e J^erefort SSaniere ot dd oe 3fnbe cenDal fort <© une blandje benbe lee • Johans de Odilslaue. b K/ ben e adesscemellt. c de armes. Rjbert le fiz roger. i arenger. t Let. 1 cunte. m e. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 1 I Also John de Holdeston, who at all times appears well and promptly in arms. He was with the Count, which makes it proper that he should be named among his followers. He bore gules fretty of silver. I saw the good Robert Fitz Roger's banner ranged with that of the Earl in the march : it was quarterly of gold and red with a black bend. That of John his son and lieu-, who has the surname of Clavering, was not at all different, excepting only a green label. All those whom I have named to you were the retinue of the good and well- beloved Earl. His companion was the Constable, who was Earl of Hereford, a rich and elegant young man. He had a banner of deep blue silk, with a white » O un bende uintc en noir. ° La. v t. i boir. ' Ky. • claveringhe a surnoun. ' Ne estoit. u noun. * label. > Le bon conte e le hen ame. * compaigns. " boms. * mectables. « Ky. " ont. le S>fep ce ®e beu£ eo^ticeji entre alec ®e or fin bont au beijor^ a.sgig <©t en rampant [ponceau.;! $i$ b be <t>egrabe n It foe nature aboit embeli ©e corp£ c et d enricl)i oe cuet maitfant pere ot fti getta puer garbed et d le Ipon prijst e^ enf aun£ e enjst aprijSt coragou£ a re.^cmfalec <z£ o les» nobler a^emblec f €il$ s ot la faaniete h ^on pere 2u label rouge por ^on frere gio^an fee li ain^ne? e^toit € fet entere la portoit %i pere^ ot &e la moitfier Cnfe fit? 1 1 ^toient c^ebalier k ^rue et d Ijarbt et d befen^able <© un tpon l be argent en £able Rampant et d be or fin coronne m jFu la bamere h bel ainj»ne foe li <®ueng ^EacejSc^ausi atiott el ^erbice feil " beboit r ce fee feil0 ne i pooit benir ne me? puet pa^ ^oubenir baneret t fuiiS^ent pluji $i It boir boujs en conclug bacheler^ i ot bien •» cent 1 asis. b This line is omitted in the copy in the Coltonian MS. c cors. e enfans. I This line is omitted in the copy inthe College of Arms. THE SIEGE. OF CARLAVEROCK. 13 bend between two cotises of fine gold, on the outside of which he had six lioncels rampant. With him was Nicholas de Segrave, whom nature had adorned in body and enriched in heart. He had a valiant father, who wholly abandoned the garbs, and assumed the lion ; and who taught his chil- dren to imitate the brave, and to associate with the nobles. Nicholas used his father's banner with a red label; by his brother John, who was the eldest, it was borne en- tire. The father had by his wife five sons, who were valiant, bold, and courageous knights. The banner of the eldest, whom the Earl Marshal had sent to execute his duties because he could not come, was sable with a silver lion rampant, crowned with fine gold. I cannot recollect what other Bannerets were there, but you shall see in the conclusion that he had one r Cil. k buner. ' fiz. * chivalier. ' lyonn. » couronne. • Ke il. " li. r This wordu omitted in tht copy in the Cottonian fllS. ' ben. E 14 He €>iege te ftarlatierofc. ®ont nul£ en o^tell a tie b foij tant fie il aient tou? )ie£ c leg pa.^age.S Doutou? <© en£ rbebaudjent rbe.Scun iour lit mare^djal li ficrfaergour d Jtt fibrent placet a logiet a ceu^ fie Doibent e Ijerbcrgier f par tant ai Dit De abant e gartie ftt ^ont DeDetn? h et s fii la gacoe ' It bong <©uenag be B^arene k 5^e lautre egrfjele1 abott la renem & tugtider et gouborner n <Com ° til W P bten gcabot't i mentr «Ben geignourie $ ijonnouree r 5^e or ets be a$>ut egcljequeree * 5fu ga baniere noblement $Jl u ot en gon aggemblement ^enrt be $erci gon nebou ®e fei P gemblott fee eugt fait bou ®e aler leg egcog be rampant x 3|aune o un bleu Ipon rampant jfu ga baniere y faien buable Robert le $il? ^ajinez jJiebable «©t ^a baniere y flanc a flanc J?ouge a pa^anjS Ipon.^ 6e blanc i£ be un ba.s'ton ^ bleu £urgette? • Ostel. i> Nule f herberger. ' chel. » renne. « Cerchiez. lavant. h dedenz. ° a iusticer e governer d hetbirgour. c devent. guarde. k Warenne. 0 cum. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 15 hundred good bachelors there, not one of whom would go into lodgings or tent until they had examined all the sus- pected passes, in which they rode every day. The Marshal, the harbinger, as- signed lodgings to those who were enti- tled to them. Thus far I have spoken of those who are in and form the vanguard. John the good Earl of Warren held the reins to regulate and govern the second squadron, as he who well knew how to lead noble and honorable men. His ban- ner was handsomely checquered with gold and azure. He had in his company Henri de Percy his nephew, who seemed to have made a vow to humble the Scots. His banner was very conspicuous, a blue lion rampant on yellow. Robert le Fitzpayne followed them ; he had his red banner, side by side, with three white lions passant, surcharged with a blue baton. savoit. ' Gent segnonrie e hounouree. ' e. ' eschei|uere. E. » rompant. -' baner. * Robert le fiz paien. " bastoun. 16 le Siege te *3autier£ be Monti a aiou^te? t£.sitoit en cele ccmpaignieb <£ar c tuit f urent be une mai^nie d ct baniere e esSc^eiiucree blanc et f rouge couluree s %t h Valence apmar£ li SBelle ' baniere t fu baiKan^ <©e argent et f be a.^ure burlee k <© la faorbure poralee 3Tout entour be rouge ' meroloji m 14n bailliant Ijom et be grant Io^ <8 lui ^icSoIe be ftarru meinte foi? orent paru fait en coutert et f en lanbe la f elloune gent Oirlanbe ° SSaniere ot iaune bien payable © troi.s pa##aniS Ipon.^ be fiogter 1 be la JEare obec eu^ JUng cjjtoaller ^age et jreu^ r ftp s Ic.s; arme.sJ ot fcermeilfecteg * O blanc Ipon et rrotjtfelectejS u • Wautiers de Money'. ' compaigneye. « Kar. d maisine. * Cil ot baiier. ' e. e couloure. h De. ' Bele. k burelee. 1 roug. s. ™ merlus. » Un vaillant home e de grant los. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 17 Add to these Walter de Money, who was in this company because they were all of one household. He had his banner chequered of silver and red. The valiant Aymer de Valence bore a beautiful banner there of silver and azure stuff, surrounded by a border of red mart- lets. With him Nicholas de Carew, a valiant man of great fame, which had often been displayed both in cover and on the plains against the rebellious people of Ireland. He had a handsome yellow banner with three lions passant sable. With them was Roger de la Ware, a wise and valiant knight, whose arms were red, with a white lion and crosslets. • This line is omitted in the copy in the Cotlonian MS. ' treis lyuiuis pa>s iris de sable. 1 Rogers. ' Uus cbevalers iagis e preus. • Ki. ' vermelleclis. • O blunc Ijoun e croissellectei. F 18 lc ©fege ae ftatlafcerofu ©e SDartoift le Count <Bup * Coment hen ma rime De gup b Be atooit boi^in c De Iuid mellour 2?aniecee ot de rouge toulourf <© fea^e e De or et croi^ifie o croi^ noire engreelie portoit h Cele De STate^ale a oun por sa lialour o cits' tirce <De or De rouge eiScljequeree ' 2u ci)ie£j De ermine outrement k ftauf le fit? «5ut[Ieme autrement l fte cil De Walence portoit Car en lieu De merleg metoit m 2Croi^ cjjapeau^ De rosSeg n bermeillesi fte bien ^eoient a merbetlle^ ° D'l Warewik le conte Guy. b Coment ke en ma rime le guy. " '••» « Baner. • colour. * fesse. " Johans. vesyn 1 luy. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 19 Guy Earl of Warwick, who of all that are mentioned in my rhyme had not a better neighbour than himself, bore a red banner with a fess of gold and cmsilly. John de Mohun bore there, yellow, with a black cross engrailed. Tateshal, for valour which he had dis- played with them, has one of gold and red chequered, with a chief ermine. Ralph le Fitzwilliam bore differently from him of Valence, for instead of mart- lets he had three chaplets of red roses, which became him marvellously. 1 De or e de rouge eschequere. I chef. " outreement. 1 Tkis line is omitted in the copy in the Cottonian MS. "' Car en lieu des merlos mettoit. * roiis . " Ki bien auienent a mervellez. lc ©fege De ftatlattetolu de fto£ fu rouge a a troi.S bou? blanj* <£ la bantere '{ tt barre b tie bin c pom? or et d de goule^ otoelment fJ Tin, in/ Oe 25eauc:bamp proprement e it le f baniere de fcair dou? tensS etd au a fancier h le^ aroutent le ©ont ia be beuiS oi <r de la tierce oier deue^ m • O. b barree. c viiij. d e. e propirment. ' la. * soucf far. k bascier. ' ventailef. k batailes. ' avez. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 21 That which William de Ros displayed there, was red with three white bougets. And the banner of Hugh Pointz was barry of eight pieces of gold and red. John de Beauchamp bore handsomely, in a graceful manner, and with inspiring ardour, a banner vair. The ventailes were soon lowered, and the battalions proceeded on their march. Of two of them you have already been told, and of the third you shall hear. " E de la terce oir Jerez. G 22 3Le Siege He £ *I <£btoarba &ireg be ®e «Egcoceb etc tie .aijjleterre d roig $rince}> ^Bualoig ©uc tie acquitaine' 3la tierce egrfjile un pot Iain8tatnef ConDuit etc gupe arreement ,|>i bet e # ^errements ite nuf# He autre ne ^e i Depart h €n ;Sa baniere' troi# Iupattek ®e oc fin e^toint J mig en rouge Courant felloun fier et tiarouge m ^ar tel jSijjntffantt misf fte auiSt e£t ber# ^ejS enemi^ Et ro# fiet^ feloun^" etc Car ga morjSure ne^t? Bul# fet nen^ #nit enbenime? porqanf tots ej»t ralume? bouce befaonairete U requerent j»e amtsSte <ctc a ga pai^ faeullent benir Cel prince boit bien abenir ®e grans* $tn$ e^tre c^eberaigne •». <f>oun nebou 3io:ban be ce fie plug be fui e£t z ie plug tojSt noumer^ apreji <t»i le aboit it bienbb be^erbi Com cit fit gon oncte ot gertoi cc enfance peniblement * Edewars. b escos. « e. d engleter. « Princes Galois Dues de Aquitaine. ' La lerce eschel un poi longtaine. * serreenient. h Ke nuls de autre ne se depart. ' banier. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 23 Edward King of England and Scotland, Lord of Ireland, Prince of Wales, and Duke of Aquitaine, conducted the third squadron at a little distance, and brought up the rear so closely and ably that none of the others were left behind. In his ban- ner were three leopards courant of fine gold, set on red, fierce, haughty, and cruel; thus placed to signify that, like them, the King is dreadful, fierce, and proud to his enemies, for his bite is slight to none who inflame his anger ; not but his kindness is soon rekindled towards such as seek his friendship or submit to his power. Such a Prince was well suited to be the chieftain of noble personages. I must next mention his nephew John of Brittany, because he is nearest to him ; and this preference he has well deserved, having assiduously served his uncle from his infancy, and left his father k lupart. ' ettoient. ** Courant feloun fier e harouge. " felons. » liaustans. P ne est. i ne en. ' porquant. • tost. ' Kant. " De granz genz estre chievetaine. " bretaigne. ' Pur ce ke plus est de li pres. * Doi. ** nomer. <•<• ben. « De te. 24. JLe @fep He ftartafcerofe* (£t tie guerpia outreement pere etb £on autre lignage Demourer tie gon matfnage foant li iSoi.^ ot beiSoi0nec be <£tb it fie esstoit faeau^ etb 25aniere atooit cotnte etb paree ©e ot ttb De ajucd e^equeree 2ue rouge ourle o iaune^ luparjS ©ermine f tftoit fa quartes parg h oe 25ac iloec' e^tott $tenk la baniere1 2inDe portoit bar^ De or etb £u la rouge ourte engreetltie" oe iBrant ^on palee ©e argent etb oe a^ur ^ureatee0 ©e benbe rouge o troi^ eigfeau.^ portoit oe oc fin bien fate e beau.s 23ien Doi mettreP en mon $te <EIt£ i De aufaigni ti courtoi^ 25aniere ot rouge ou entaillie blanche engreellie • d-guerpi. b e. « bosoign. 1 De ermine. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 25 and other relations to dwell in his house- hold when the King had occasion for his followers. He was handsome and amiable, and had a beautiful and ornamented ban- ner, chequered gold and azure, with a red border and yellow leopards, and a quarter of ermine. John de Bar was likewise there, who, in a blue banner, crusilly, bore two barbels of gold, with a red border engrailed. William de Grandison bore paly silver and azure, surcharged with a red bend, and thereon three beautiful eaglets of fine gold. Well ought I to state in my lay, that the courteous Elias de Aubigny had a red banner, on which appeared a white fess engrailed. « quart. k Johans. ' iluec. k Ke en. ' baner. m Deuz. " eiijjreellie. ° suralee. » mctttru. i Elys. H 26 le ©fcgc He J&arlafcerotu <£urmcniong be la 23rectea bantere eut route rougecteb eugc ct truig en mon conte iflfue oe Uec le fil? au Conte ®e ^enfortjd ete frece #on feoir <© le ourle entente f oe noic 3boit baniere e long ets lee ®e oth ete oe rouge e^uartelee <?c bon renoai none ya.s oe toile1 ^e ot oebant un falanctie egtoite k De Jf5fter^m le appareil «©t ma^cle oe or et oe iiermetf €tu par tant compare le a oun° 2u faon Hlorice Oe Crooun? Robert le Seigneur fi oe CItffort a fei rai^on^ oonne confort ®e ^e.iS enemi^ encombrer r €outejS Ie^ foi^ fie remembrer8 Hi puet Oe £on noble lignage pregn a tetftmoignage * * Mes Eumenions de la Brette. d Oxinfort. « e. c ceus b La baner ot tout rougette. endentee. f &. h ore. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 2J But Eurmenions de la Brette had a banner entirely red. After these I find in my account Hugh de Vere, son of the Earl of Oxford, and brother to his heir. He had a long and narrow banner, not of silk but of good cloth, and quartered gold and red, with a black indented border, and in the upper part a white star. John de Rivers had his caparisons mas- cally of gold and vermillion ; and they were therefore similar to those of the good Maurice de Croun. Robert, the Lord of Clifford, to whom reason gives consolation, who always re- members to overcome his enemies. He may call Scotland to bear witness of his noble lineage, that originated well and 1 De bun cendal non pas de toyle. k E derant une blanche ettoyle. 1 Jobans. m Riviers. » E. • on. T Croon. i teignour. ' emcombrer. • Toutes le foiz ki remembrer. ' ttismuignage. 28 He ©iege te fte biena etb noblement comence Comc cil fci e#t tie la gemence He Conte jaaregrball d It noble $U par oela Con^tanttnoble e 21 unicotnef ge combati <£tb De gou? lujs mort le abati ®e It De par mere e£t bemtjj SL fei fu biena pareil tenug %\ bon jSo!jierh pere £on pere ne ot profce^e1 fti ne apere el fit? Du fit?k coi faien iSai fte onque^ ne en ft? lloenge Dont il ne goit Car en li egt au^i bon 5^e e#tre preuDom Sen nut co'boiem Ee iSot jSon bon Seigneur" conboie ,§a faanier moult Jonnouree0 ®e or etb oe a^ur e^cijequeree P ^ une fe^e bermellette <f)j ie e^toie une pueellette 5je li oonroie ceuri etb coriS Cant e^t de lu r bonjS It record aes bon l^ue le Stt ba^^aument ^ur Ie curlier1 ^aboit oe^rompre une mellee 3La baniere ot e^quartellee" ©e une noirx ba^toun ^urblane gette €tb ue bermeil iaune frette • ben. u e. c cum. d Mareschal. c costcntinuble. 1 unicorn. » li. h Rogers. ' value. k Resusciteeel filzdelfilz. 1 This line, though omitted in the copy in the College of Arms, occurs in the Cottonian MS. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 29 nobly, as he is of the race of the noble Earl Marshal, who at Constantinople fought with an unicorn, and struck him dead be- neath him ; from whom he is descended through his mother. The good Roger, his father's father, was considered equal to him, but he had no merit which does not appear to be revived in his grandson ; for I well know there is no degree of praise of which he is not worthy, as he exhibits as many proofs of wisdom and prudence as any of those who accompany his good Lord the King. His much honoured banner was chequered with gold and azure, with a vermillion fess. If I were a young maiden, I would give him my heart and person, so great is his fame. The good Hugh le Despenser, who loyally on his courser knows how to dis- perse an enemy, had a banner quarterly, with a black baton on the white, and the gules fretty yellow. "> De estre preudom ke en mil ke en voie. • seignour. 0 Sa baniere mout honource. » eschequere. ' quer. ' li. • Uu. ' coursier. " Fu la baniere esquartelee. • noier. I 30 &e Be /w\ 4. flj* « bon $ue be <£ourtenata %a faaniere oblieeb nc aic ®e or fin o troig rouged rondeau? «Etd assuring6 fu It Iafoeau£ E le aumartf oe ^aint amant ti ba proue^ees reclamant e or etd De noir ftette ah cjjtef © tcoi! ronoeau^k be or oerecfyef ®engaigne' te ot iolie o Dance be or croijSgtIie m i ot JBautier be S&eaudjampe" merlog be or el rouge cljampe0 <© une fe^e en lieu be bance Chattier gelon ma ebibance? beji mellour^ futr entre [ ne fu£t trop fier£ etd ne orre? parler it fee" ne ait une « Del bon Hue de Courtenay. b oubliec. c ay. d e. c asurins. ' Amauri. ? prouesie. h au. ' trois. k gasteaus. 1 Johans lie Engaigne. m Rouge dance de or croissillie. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 31 I have not forgotten the banner of the good Hugh de Courtenay, of fine gold with three red roundlets and a blue label. And that of Aumary de Saint Amain!, who advances, displaying his prowess, of gold and black fretty, on a chief three roundlets, also of gold. John de Engaigne had a handsome one of red, crusilly, with a dancette of gold. Next, Walter de Beauchamp bore there, six martlets of gold in a red field, with a fess instead of a dancette. A Knight, according to my opinion, one of the best of the whole, if he had not been too rash and daring ; but you will never hear any one speak of the Seneschal that has not a but. " Wallers c'e beauchamp. ° cbamp. ' Thii line it omitted in the copy in the Cottonian MS. 1 uns. ' fust. • touz. 1 »eiifscal. " ki. He He fcarlafcerofc. O"V" €t( he a tout lucn taicc a ruer lie 3lu £autour noir engreellie 3[aune ot et baniere et penouna 25outourte ot a nomb 2Baniere bel 3Jaune ad crotf rouse engreellie ILa €u^tacl]ee tie ilatbe e^toit oe J©ellegf la pottnit o unes noire h (pon1 rampant ©ont la coue en Doublet jie egpant Robert tie «t>cale# bel et » gent 3Le ot rouge a coptliejS1" tie argent • Jaune baniere ot c penon. b Johan, Boutetourte ot a noun, •apparellie. - o. « Eustace. ' Adam de Welle. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 33 He, who with a light heart, doing good to all, bore a yellow banner and pennon with a black saltire engrailed, was called John Botetourte. The banner of Eustace de Hache was well ornamented : it was yellow with a red cross engrailed. Adam de Welles bore there, gold, a black lion rampant, whose tail spread itself into two. The handsome and amiable Robert ,de Scales bore red with shells of silver. h noir. ' lyoun. k double. ' Robert de Scales. " cokillei. 34, le Be fcatlafcetofe. # c^ebalicc De bon [Os?a 5le ot toernuiUe o b iaune^ merfo? Cele att «£onte He fiougc o une d blanc Ipoun connoiiS e «n eg'toit te ouerlouref Del emcljampeure h £atrifi DC ©unbar fit?1 ie Conte Be la portoit par nul aconte De une label De a.^ure .Steuart1 ftc o eu.^ conber^'e baniere ot apreiStee £1 n croi$i bfancbe a » bou.sf ° ffouretce • Emlam Thouchez chevaliers de bon los in the copy in the Cottonian MS. but the word Emlam hns been subsetjuentty added, though in an ancient hand. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 35 Touches, a knight of good fame, bore red, with yellow martlets. That of the Count of Laonis was known as red with a white lion, and a white bor- der with roses like the field. Patrick of Dunbar, son of the Count, bore in no way different from his father, excepting a blue label. Richard Suwart, who was in company with them, had a black banner painted with a white cross, flowered at the ends. b a. e Lnoiioh. d un. * conois. ' ourleure. • A. k enchampcure. ' fi*. k inde. ' Riehart Suwart. • Noirt. " o. ° boui. 36 le @>fege Be tetofcerofe. tm foegel be cele gent lie ot noira a ro^ette^ tie arjjent Ee beau 25rian le ffl? ©e courtoi.siie et b oe j]onouc 3! i>i o baniere barree ©e or etb oe 0oule# bien paree J&ont DC chalanged e^toit It potn? gac entre Iute ttb $ue goin? ftt portoit eel ne piujs ne mein# marbetlle aboit meinte qe mein?' t fu Cosier f He Jiortaigne $ti #e peme fee Jjonnouc a taigne 3faune le ot o m bleu# [Ponji ©ont Ie^ couejS Double^ I I I 1 n.t t 1 «c Oe Jlontercombe li beaujrh ®e ermine o DeujS roujjeji jumeauji e. « honnour. <i chalenge. « li. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 37 Simon de Fresel, of that company, bore black with roses of silver. The handsome Brian Fitz Alan, full of courtesy and honour, I saw with his well- adorned banner, barry of gold and red; which was the subject of a dispute be- tween him and Hugh Pointz, who bore the same, neither more nor less, at which many and many marvelled. Then there was Roger de Mortaigne, who strives that he may acquire honour ; he bore yellow with six blue lions, the tails of which we call double. And of the handsome Huntercombe, ermine with two red gemelles. ' Rogiers. I dioms. k beiui. t 38 le te OuiUcmc tie tfiQrc t c.stoit uc en [a bantere in tie porroit tie or enlumine? u^ fu %i beauc €boma^ tie fti ftantd ^eoit #uc le cjjebal Be ^embloit ijome fiee siomeille o^ ttf bentie bermeiHe it en la bantere blancfce t>e la JEace une manege goctoit tie argent en rouge ouforee. e le dE^trange le ot libree liouge o oeu^ ll blant? ' lyon.s Avoec. b aclieminez. • beaut. d quant. • ki. ' e. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 39 William de Ridre was there, who in a blue banner bore crescents of brilliant gold. With them marched the handsome Tho- mas de Furnival, who, when seated on horseback, does not resemble a man asleep; he bore six martlets and a red bend in a white banner. John de la Mare bore a silver maiinch worked on red. John le Estrange had red caparisons with two white lions passant. « Johans. K deuz. > blapi. 40 Lc ©fege He \7T7TTT7T /T7T7T /X/XA. €ncore i I u a ie ronnoi.^ang 3>l)an be <Braib fit bireec 3J ot j$a bantere barree ©argent ct &e agur entatfliee rou0e cngceeUic € oBuilfeme^ de Canteto ifte te pac ce^te raijJon fo fce en ^onncucf a tou^s tenji baire nt el rouge e£cu floured h tt li$ tie or De tejSte^ be fupar£ tie iHe bien ^e ^tatioit' fairek amer O ocu.s fe££e£ DC batr (eboit %a baniere fie rouge aboit a £jimon De fte1 abott baniere etd ®e inbe au grifoun rampant De or fin $ernoit la tier^ egc&iet ffnm • fiu. b Gray. c virree. d e. ' bunnour. » touz. h flours. c De argent e de asur entallie. savoit. k fere. ' Ki. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 41 Also I know John de Grey was there, who I saw had his banner barry of silver and blue, with a red bend engrailed. And William de Cantilupe, whom I for this reason praise, that he has at all times lived in honour. He had on a red shield a fess vair, with three fleurs de lis of bright gold issuing from leopards' heads. And then Hugh de Mortimer, who well knew how to make himself loved : he bore a red banner with two fesses vair. But by Simon de Montagu, who had a blue banner and shield with a griffin rampant of fine gold, the third squadron was brought to a close. This line is omitted in the copy in the Coltonian MS. M Ita quart e^cbiet ou gon courop' ConDuit ^DluarD b it fi'I? c le 5[oubenceaug De Dip et £cpt ai (£tc De noutel arme£ portan.^ «|>e corpg f fu beau.^ et e ©e cuer courtoi.^ ete <Ete De^iran.s De lieuh trouber «©u pou^t' #a force e^prouter £>i c^ebaucljoit merbeille^ bel (£te portoit o un bleu lafaellk arme.^ le bon ilop1 ^on pere li Doint Dieu^ grace fee tl pcre baillan^ et e non pa^ mein^ porront en gesS mein^m OTel fit nel beent faire oan Ei prettf ^tfyan" tie j?u pat tout o lui W ^ur tou? #e# sarnemen^0 «ct cijief rouse ot fie or Deu^ molette?1 * cote ete blanci)e^ alette blanc ete baniere blanche 8 o la bermeille manege tie 3Tonp fei bien ^ipe fte il «jSt ou cbe\jatiet a ctgne" * 11 quarte eschiele o son couroi. A Jovencaus de dis e set anst e e. ' peust. k label. ' roi. b Edewars. c fielz. ' cors. s ensegniez. b ben. m Lors iiorront chair en ses meins. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 43 The fourth squadron, with its train, was led by Edward the King's son, a youth of seventeen years of age, and bearing arms for the first time. He was of a well proportioned and handsome person, of a courteous disposition, and intelligent ; and desirous of finding an occasion to display his prowess. He managed his steed won- derfully well, and bore with a blue label the arms of the good King his father. Now God give him grace that he be as valiant and no less so than his father: then may those fall into his hands who from henceforward do not act properly. The brave John de Saint John was every where with him, who on all his white caparisons had upon a red chief two gold mullets. A white surcoat and white alettes, a white shield and a white banner, were borne with a red niaunch by Robert de K>77n/»**f */rf4* Tony, who well evinces that he is a Knight of the Swan. " Julians. ° guarnt niem. P bUncs. i mulectci. ' alectes. ' Purtoit. ' Ruben. ° tie il est clu cbevtler »u cigne. JLe Siege fce fcarla&erofc. Sanicre ot $enri li bfancbe De un poli lioig b un cjbiebron bermeil en mi fie abort fait ami ©e ^uilleme Ded ttatimier $tee la rroi^ patee De oc miec ^octoit en rouge bien poctcaitef ^>a baniere ot cele part traite oe Eepbourne omg jSan^ e me# eth 23aniere i ot o 3|noe o gi.3 blanc rampant1 *£. Sogier k De .mortemer mer1 eth Defa mer a porte quel part fie ait ale 3Ce£cu barreem au cfref pale «E le^ corniere# 0ironnee£n «©e oc eth tie atfur enfumine^0 • Raniere ot Henris li Tyois. •> ' pourtraite. lyois. t Prouesce. 'i ]e. « Ki. ' De incle o sis blans lyouns raropans. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 45 Henry le Tyes had a banner whiter than a smooth lily, with a red chevron in the middle. Prowess had made a friend of William le Latirner, who bore on this occasion a well-proportioned banner, with a gold cross patee, pourtrayed on red. Also William de Leyburne, a valiant man, without but and without if, had there a banner and a large pennon, of blue, with six white lions rampant. And then Roger de Mortimer, who on both sides the sea has borne, wherever he went, a shield barry, with a chief paly and the corners gyronny, emblazoned with gold and with blue, with the escutcheon k Rugiers. ' Ki beca mer e deU mer. " barre. n gyrounces. N 46 Le ©fege He <© le esjttttf)ouna butfcie tie ermine <©becb leg autreg ge arijemme Cat it etc It Defcant nomegd 2u fit? le flop furent rome£ e ©e gon ftein 0uioutf etc guaroein j&eg coment fte ie Ie^ orDein 3Li ^>ein^ 5fotan^ It Hatimurg 2BatlIteh It furent tie^ premier^' ftt ^e e^ctitele areec Dcbotent €omk cil fit plu^ ue ce Cat cuerem ailfourg ne ^eroit 5^eu^n plu# batllang ne tieujc" ami lout furent et c botjsin ° n frete au fit? le lUot cousin etc ^entpp Ie# nome on %t futent fit? mon jftete Ie ?Sot le mieug amei He onque^ oi^e engt nome De ILangca^tre egtoit conte^ r e^t De ge£ arme^ ttel^s It tonte^ <BnsIeterre au label De Jrtante c ne ieul plug mettte en goufftance • escuchon. b Ovoer. ' Guyour. * sains. b Bailie. c e. 1 primers A nomez. k Cum. • reroez. 1 savoient. THE SIEGE OF CAHLAVEROCK. 4? voided of ermine. He proceeded with the others, for he and the before named were appointed to conduct and guard the King's son. But how can I place them ? The St. Johns, the Latimers, were leaders from the first, who ought to have been in the rear of the squadron, as those who best understood such matters, for it would not be wise to seek elsewhere two more valiant or two more prudent men. Their friends and neighbours were two brothers, cousins to the King's son, named Thomas and Henry, who were the sons of Monsieur Edmond, the well-beloved, who was formerly so called. Thomas was Earl of Lancaster : this is the description of his arms ; those of Eng- land with a label of France, and he did not wish to display any others. m querf. • deui. « veisin. r Henri. i Frere le Rui miclz ame. ' Se. • ceui. 48 He ©fcjje tie &atlatierofe. fte De ^enri ne boug rcDie fti tou? iourg toute ge e^tubie Mi$t a rcgemblec gon bon pere <£ta portoit leg avmeg jSon fme 2u bleu ba^toun gan^ label b bel <Eta noblement i fu rcme^c <Se armeg toermeilleg biend i® ma^cle^ De or Ouc cijamp Celuif oont bien fucent «cta acljiebeeg leg amourg apreg gtangs boubtegh eta cremourg OCant fie Dieug ten toult1 Delibre egtre for la Contc^e tie (Sfoucegtre pir lonsk teng gouffri grang? maug ©e or fin o trotg djiobrong ' iiennaug 51 otm baniere geulement" &i ne faigoit pag malement ftant geg propreg armeg tegtoit0 5Cauneg ou le egle beroe egtoit €t nt nomP Sauf De • e. b sanz le label. c remez. d ben. « del. ' Cely. granz. u duubtt z. ' le en volt. k Por ki long. ' chiverons. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 49 Those of Henry I do not repeat to you, whose whole daily study was to resemble his good father, for he bore the arms of his brother, with a blue baton, without the label. William de Ferrers was finely and nobly accoutred and well armed, in red, with gold mascles voided of the field. He by whom they were well supported, acquired, after great doubts and fears until it pleased God he should be deli- vered, the love of the Countess of Glou- cester, for whom he a long time endured great sufferings. He had only a banner of fine gold with three red chevrons. He made no bad appearance when attired in his own arms, which were yellow with a green eagle. His name was Ralph de Monthermer. • J ut. • soulement. « Ke ses propres armet n'estoit in the MS. in the College of Armt. • Se avoit non. O 50 le rUX, mi pcru Iuia bi ie tout premier %t baiUant Robert oe la $te faienb ga baniere0 retoarDe e^t De blanc e &e noir fflllP DC <l»t. 3Io-bnd ^on Ijoir 3lour ot batttie a compaiflnon Sti De ^on pete aboit It noume <Etf Ie^ arme^ au bleu label [e £onte tie 3rounDelh Xeau c^itatier1 etf bien ame 51 bi je ridjement arme €n rouge au tyon rampant De or oe la ^oucfee tremor &ignifioit k fee £u^ &a rouge baniere a1 Car bien gcai ftilm a 3Eres5orn plu^ fee en burce0 penDu ben. ' banier. ''• Jubans de Seint Julian. e n ichart. h Arontlel. ' ebevalier. k signefi ' Richart. « 11011. oii. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 51 After him . I saw first of all the valiant Robert de la Warde, who guards his banner well, which is vaire of white and black. The heir of John de St. John was there a companion ; he bore the name of his father, and also his arms with a blue label. Richard the Earl of Arundel, a hand- some and well-beloved Knight, I saw there, richly armed in red, with a gold lion rampant. Alan de la Zouche, to shew that riches were perishable, bore bezants on his red banner ; for I know well that he has spent more treasure than is suspended in his purse. ' o. ™ Kar bien sai ke il. " Tresour. • bouree. 52 He @>iege 5e fcartafcetofc. fat amouca etb pat compagnie <© eug fu jointe la matfmie c %e noble €be£q. tie ©outaumed %t ptu£ baillant cletfee6 t>ef toiaume ^.oite boires ne cregtiente Si tiou.s en Ditai ncntc cojh j(e entenote me bole? fu etb bien enpatle? Ocoitute[^k etb Be onque^ ticlje Jjome ne ftt plu^ bel otDena^te ^a bie ©tguel coubottjie1 enb enbie aboit it oum tout gette putt J^on potqant ;bautem te cuetn fot $t$ Droitout^0 memtenietP Si Wt ne laiggoit conbenieti Se.s cncmis pat pacience €at Dune' ptopte conscience Si ^autement s»e con^eilloit He cjje.tfcuniS ^en e^metbeilloit s <£n touteg Ie4 guette^u te ilboit e^te oe noble aroi 2. 8tan£x gen^ etb a gran^ Uae^ ie ne s»cai z pat queM aa outtage^ <85ont un^ plaij li fu entamejS €n «3ngletette bb fucc • amours. b e. e maisnie. d Eveske de dureaume. e clerk. ' du. t Voire voir. b Parcoi. ' atcmprez. k droituriers. 1 covetise. ™ del. " Non porqu't hautein ot le quer. • droitures. " meinlenir. 1 Si ke il ne lessoit convenir. ' Car de UIIP. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 53 With them were joined both in com- pany and affection, the followers of the noble Bishop of Durham, the most vigilant clerk in the kingdom, a true mirror of Christianity ; so, that I may tell you the truth, I would be understood that he was wise, eloquent, temperate, just, and chaste. Never was there a great man, nor like person, who regulated his life better. He was entirely free from pride, covetousness, and envy : not, however, that he wanted spirit to defend his rights, if he could not work upon his enemies by gentle measures, for so strongly was he influenced by a just conscience, that it was the astonishment of every one. In all the King's wars he appeared in noble array, with a great and expensive retinue. He was detained in England in consequence of a treaty which was just entered into, but I know not about what wrong, so that he did not come 1 Ke checuns se ensemerveilloit. 'le«. " guerrers. 'grant. 7 This line is followed by the wordi Dont uns plai«, but they are dotted under, to tketv that they were inserted fry mistake, * sai. *• queut. bk Engletere. " estoit. P &e ©iege tic ftarlafcetofe* £i fcena <££coce lorg ne bint Bon puniantb # bien li gaubintc ©u ftoi fie emprise la boied a fte &e geg geng It enboia Cent ete $sots^antef ^omeji a arme£ ©nque^ artour^ s pot tou? ^i beau present ne ot De HUnminieb o un fet DC molin' ©ermine k i enbofa ^e en^eigne1 fti tot Jjonnour engei0nem De J^a^tingue^ a nom° ILa oeboit conouire en gon non? Car il ejStoit o lui n reme^ r 3Lt plu^ ptibe^6 li plusS amesS4 ©e qanque^u il en i aboit <£te boic bien e£tre te Deboit €atx conneu^ egtoit oe tou^y Slu fait He armesS fier^ et e^tou? z •Jen o^tel dou? ete bebonnaireg aa Be onquejS ne fu justice en aire^ boluntierg bb De tiroict" iugiec aboit fort ete legiet baniere oe oeure pareilte dd e or fin o la manege bermeille • Li ke en. b porquant. <= eouvint. d vol. c e. 1 seisante. s Arturs. h vermeille. ' molj n. k De ermine. 1 ensegne. m 7%« line w omitted in the copy in the College of Arms. " Joban. ° non. THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 55 into Scotland ; notwithstanding, being well informed of the King's expedition, he sent him of his people one hundred and sixty men at arms. Arthur, in former times, with all his spells, had not so fine a pre- sent from Merlin. He sent there his en- sign, which was gules with a fer de moulin of ermine. He who all honour displays, John de Hastings, was to conduct it in his name ; for it was entrusted to him, as being the most intimate and the best beloved of any one he had there. And assuredly he well deserved to be so ; for he was known by all to be in deeds of arms daring and reckless, but in the hostel mild and gracious ; nor was there ever a Judge in Eyre more willing to judge rightly. He had a light and strong shield, and a banner of similar work of fine gold with a red inaunch. -i' La conduit o meint compaignon, in the copy in th* College of Arms. i li. ' remez. • privez. « amez. « kanques. ' Kar. r touz. * An fair dcs armes fi-ris e estous. " debonaires. bl> volentris. " druit u pareile. 56 le Siege tie fcarlafcerofc. a a a a n5a £cs» frereg %e [abet noir i fu cuellang 3 fei pa£ ne oeboit faitlic $onnour£ tinnt ge penott cuetlir ioltf etb cointe ©e amour^ etb barmen c bien acointe atjotentd il a compaignon 3|o]}ane gaignel atooit a nomf [a bautcce tcrDe tainteh Oe or fin la mancfce painteh <£t feant li bon^ a €pmon£ ©amcourt ' j^e pout mie benir a court ^ ^c^ Deug bon^ fil? en ^on lieu ' mt?'t k «©m ^a baniere o eu^ trami^t <De inDe coulour De or biletee" O un° Dance ^urgette «Be 3oljan le fit? JHe touti priiSoient pince etb <Etm autre fee It connoi.sJ^oient r 5U baniere rembelli^oint s ?La fe^e etb li troi.^ papegai fte a octree4 blanch en rouge ai • Eymuns. b e. c de armes. d avoint. e Johans. ' non. * Ke en. '' peinte. ' E q'nt li bons Eymo's deincourt. k These lines are transposed in the copy in the College of Arms. ' leu. m E. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 5J Edmond, his valiant brother, chose there the black label. He could not fail of those honours which he took so much pains to acquire. They had a handsome and accomplished bachelor, well versed in love and arms, named John Paignel, as a companion, who in a green banner bore a maunch of fine gold. And, as the good Edmond Deincourt could not attend himself, he sent his two brave sons in his stead, and with them his banner of a blue colour, billette of gold with a dancette over all. Of John le Fitz Marmaduke, whom all esteemed, Prince and Duke and others who knew him, the banner was adorned with a fess and three popinjays, which were painted white on a red field. 11 billetee. » une. P fiz mermenduk. • tuit. • conoissoient. • renbellissoient. ' daviser. a 58 3Le Siege He <£ J&orictg tie 23erftelee fti compaipig fu tie cele alee Saniere o bermeille cum ganc <£roiggillie o un chjebron blanc <©u un label tie agur aboit force q' cessa pete^ inherit |Ee^ aii^antireji tie 25ai«oel Ute a tout bien fereb metoitc le oel 3jaune baniered abort el cfc,amp 31 rouge egcu botDie Du c^amp a cegtut tiaerain6 nommef leg Doubles? astfome eth bint eth ^et bantered 3Bti tienent leg boieg pleniereg 3u chattel be ftarlaberoft fti pag neit1 prig tie egcf)eft de rofe §in? i aura trait &ek lancie ^njjin1 lebe eth balancie €omm noug boug en abiggerong" ftant le aggaut en oebiggerong0 • Force ses i part of the word however is obliterated and a correction inserted in the margin. b faire. c gettoit. d Blanche banier. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 59 And Maurice de Berkeley, who was a companion in this expedition, had a ban- ner red as blood, crusilly with a white chevron, and a blue label because his father was alive. But Alexander de Balliol, who had his eye on doing every good, bore a banner with a yellow ground and a red escutcheon voided of the field. To those last named, without reckoning double, were eighty-seven banners, which quite filled the roads to the castle of Car- laverock, which was not taken like a chess rook, but it will have thrusts of lances, and engines raised and poised, as we shall inform you when we describe the attack. = daerein. ' nome. t sanz. h E. ' Ne pas ne ert. •> e. ' Engin. '" Cum. " ariseroms. ° deriseromi. 60 te @>fe0e De fcartaberofe cagteaug* egtoit <f>i fortb fee jj'iege ne Douhtott6 3in? fee li ftotg tluec benigt Car renDte ne te conbenigtd Sameg mate ftile fugt a gon Droit Oarni? qantf be^oign^ en benDroit ©e jjensii De engine et? De bitaiU Comh ting e£cu£ e^tott De taile Car ne ot fee troi^ coj»te? entouc <£t en ctiejScune' angle une tour •JBeg fee It une egtoit jumelee Cant £autek tant tongue e tant lee lie par fcegou? e^toit la porte 3 pont tourni.^ bien faite et forte1 <£t otn bong murg ets STretou? plaing De eaue re? a re?° €t s croi fee iameg ne berreg P Cljagtet plug bet De tui geoir Car a lun°i puet on beoir ©eberg le toegt la mere' De "SretanDe* «2te berg te norrt) fa bele lanDe ©e un brag De merer enbironnee* &i feil neu e.s't creature nee fti De Deugx parg puigt aprigmer goi mettre en peril De mer • chasteaus. " fors. c doutoit. •> counvenist. James mes ke il. ' Guarnys kai.t. <s e. h Cun,. i chescun. " haut. ' A punt tourniz bien fait e fort. •» E autres deffenses assez. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 61 Carlaverock was so strong a castle, that it did not fear a siege, therefore the King came himself, because it would not con- sent to surrender. But it was always fur- nished for its defence, whenever it was required, with men, engines, and provi- sions. Its shape was like that of a shield, for it had only three sides all round, with a tower on each angle ; but one of them was a double one, so high, so long, and so large, that under it was the gate with a draw-bridge, well made and strong, and a sufficiency of other defences. It had good walls, and good ditches filled to the edge with water ; and I believe there never was seen a castle more beautifully situ- ated, for at once could be seen the Irish sea towards the west, and to the north a fine country, surrounded by an arm of the sea, soi that no creature born could ap- proach it on two sides, without putting himself in danger of the sea. " S« nvoit. • Tres touz pleins de eawe reza rez. ' verrez. i Car al vules. ' de Irlande. • mer. « avirunne. « Si ke il nc. s deuz. i Sanz. R 62 Lc ©iege tie ftarlafcerofc. ©eberg Ie gu legter n'e.s'ta pag Cat it i a meint maubai^ pag ®e faotg be more etb oe trenchjeg 5ta ouc fa tmred le^ a cerchjeg <©u geult la ribtere encontrcr «3tb por ce conbiHt Io^tc entree ^lerjJ Ie e£t ou pendant f e^t It mon.^ •jEtb tluec a It roM ^omoniS arengiecs comh oebott Ijerbergiet arengterunt baneout1 <f>t tet.^t on meint poigneour 3jl Ioetk ^on r^ebal e^proubec «Etb puesSt on iluec trouber mil tiome.^ De armee gent on Ie or etb Ie argent De tou.^" ricjbe^ colour^0 plug nobleg etb leg meillourgp Cregtout Ie bal enlumincr ^ar cot bten trot fte a oebiner €tl ou eba.stelli pu^antr oonqueg ften tel pereil3 ne furent onqueg ©ont it lour peugt goubenir ftant engt noug birent bentr. com engi fumeg rengie1 l" orent Ijerbergie • ne est. b e. c Si cum. d mer. " Ie ost. ' pendans. K Ses bauiles a arengier. h En trues con. ' ..ors se arengierent baneour. k Ilvec. l Troi. m vest. " toutes. ° coulours. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 63 Towards the south it was not easy, be- cause there were numerous dangerous de- files of wood, and marshes, and ditches, where the sea is on each side of it, and where the river reaches it ; and therefore it was necessary for the host to approach it towards the east, where the hill slopes. And in that place by the King's com- . mands his battalions were formed into three, as they were to be quartered ; then were the banners arranged, when one might observe many a warrior there exer- cising his horse : and there appeared three thousand brave men at arms ; then might be seen gold and silver, and the noblest and best of all rich colours, so as en- tirely to illuminate the valley ; conse- quently, those of the castle, on seeing us arrive, might, as I well believe, deem that they were in greater peril than they could ever before remember. And as soon as we were thus drawn up, we were v mellours. i chaste). ' peussent. • Ke en tel peril. 1 E tant cum si fumes rengie. » Mart-seal. 64 JLe &iege tie <£ta tout pac tout placed 3lorg beigt on maigong oubreeg c &ang d djarpentierg et a ©e mult ae &iber£eg faconj. ©e toile falandje eta totfe tetnte6 Ita ot tenoue coroe mdntec lEeint poiiS^on en tcrre f ficijie s iaeinth grant arbre a terref trencljie faire { logesS et a f ueUies* et a floury t$ botsS cuellie!» furent join 31 In tanto.st ?i bten aiunt Ke la nabie a tetref tint <© Ie^ engine eta la tntaile <Eta ja comencoit la pietaile au tebant &u cijajttel aler on entce eupm bolet jJagettesi11 eta quacreauji0 tant cljiec djangent louc Cil Deben? a ceujc P tiejbor# ften peti^t tymt plu.^oure 31 tt et ble^cie? et nabre? r €t ne gcat qan;Ss a moct libre? 2^e.^ quant leg geng* De armeg pecturent" fte li jSergant tel# mau^ recurent • e. b liverees. c 77,^ /jne ^ omitted in the copy in the College of Arms. <> Sanz. ' tainle. ' tere. B fiche. '• Mairit. 1 fere. k dedenz. > genz. ™ eus. » saiettes. « quareau?. THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 65 quartered by the Marshal, and then might be seen houses built without carpenters or masons, of many different fashions, and many a cord stretched, with white and coloured cloth, with many pins driven into the ground, many a large tree cut down to make huts ; and leaves, herbs, and flowers gathered in the woods, which were screwed within ; and then our people took up their quarters. Soon afterwards it fortunately happened that the navy arrived with the engines and provisions, and then the foot-men began to march against the castle; then might be seen stones, arrows, and quarreaus to fly among them; but so effectually did those within exchange then* tokens with those without, that in one short hour there were many persons wounded and maimed, and I know not how many killed. When the men at arms saw that the foot-men had sustained such losses who p Cil de dedenz a ceus. i Ke en petite hocire plusours cors. ' 1 ot blesciez e navirez. • E ne sai quanz. « Kant les gem. u percurent. le ©fegc He $ti comencie orent It a&Jaut j&eint tn i court meint en i gaut <£ta meint $i Ijasrte $i oe alec $e a nul i nen Daigne parlerb i peu£t on reteoic e£ piere^ cyanic €omd ^i on en Deugt pouorec et Jieaumesi effonDrec e et target &e£pecietf Car oe tuec et oe blejScier <2^toit Ii jujss oont til iuoient Itt a gran? cri?b #e entre ijuoient teuant1 mal beoient abenic Ea W je tout premier k benir 5Le bon Bertram de naontboucTjier ©e gouleg furent troi^ pirljier <£n ^on esScu oargent1 Iui^antm <£n Ie ourle noire li bezant «5erarb De ^oun&rontile n o li 25adjeler legier eta j-oli lie egcu ot bair ne plu£ ne €i^t ne orent pa£ oi^eu^eiSP Car meinte pierei amont offrirent <£ta meinte pedant coup t jsouffrirenf " e. b Ke anulli ne enclaigne parler. « ausi. d Cum. ' E chapeaus e heames effrondrer. ' depescier. t ju. k cris THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 67 had begun the attack, many ran there, many leaped there, and many used such haste to go, that they did not deign to speak to any one. Then might there be seen such kind of stones thrown as if they would beat hats and helmets to powder, and break shields and targets in pieces ; for to kill and wound was the game at which they played. Great shouts arose among them, when they perceived that any mischief occurred. There, first of all, I saw come the good Bertram de Montbouchier, on whose shining silver shield were three red pitchers, with besants hi a black border. With him Gerard de Gondronville, an active and handsome bachelor. He had a shield neither more nor less than vaire. These were not resting idle, for they threw up many a stone, and suffered many a heavy blow. Kant. * primer. ' de argent. "• luisant. " Gondronrile. meini. r oi«eu». '' pcre. ' coup soffrirent. GS le Siege He SBretoung egtott It premeratng a <£ It gecon£b £u EoberainjJ ©ont nulg ne troebe lautrec lent ain$id &onente baufcour etf talent 31? autrcsi tie g'e i acuelltrs bint le rf^agtel a^ailletb fit? IKlatmaDuc1 a faamere unk grant route e pleniere bon^ batfjeler^ Robert tie 3j fu tn oc tie intie frette Robert tie ^aun^art1 tout 2i bt bentr o bet" gent iiottjje o troi.s cstoiic.c' De argent Cenant le^cu0 par lt$ enarme^ J^enri tie ^raljam unejS 2bott bermoilleji come? <© uner gautour etf au cljef blaunc8 <©u ot trots* bermeitles? primerains. b secunds. c leatitre. d ainz. e donnent. '• acuellier. h assaitlir. ' Li fiz mermenduc. k une. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 69 The first body was composed of Bre- tons, and the second were of Lorrain, of which none found the other tardy ; so that they afforded encouragement and emula- tion to others to resemble them. Then came to assail the castle, Fitz-Marmaduke, with a banner and a great and full troop of good and select bachelors. Robert de Willoughby, I saw, bore gold fretty azure. Robert de Hamsart I saw arrive, fully prepared, with fine followers, holding a red shield by the straps, containing three silver stars. Henry de Graham had his arms red as blood, with a white saltire and chief, on which he had three red escalop shells. 1 Hamsart. ' apresle. " bele. • le eicu. f cume. i sane. ' un. ' blanc. 70 Le @>iege ne ftatlafeerofc. V 7 De £:d)emonDa fei £ai£ottb De lancet be relief «£ Deu£ jumeau£ De or ctc au fltooit bermeiUeiS armcures Ci.st ne tent com gcng meuregd Be com0 0cti!>f De ^en alumee^ Mt$ com0 ar^e^ ctc enfumee^e ©e ocfluel etc DC mclancolieh Ca: oroit ont leuc' t>o:e acoutiek 5Jufe a la ritie Du fo$$t Ct cil De ftidjcmono a pa^e 3 meintenant jup£s» au pont Ite entree Demanae oti Ii re.spont1 ©e arostfeg ptere^ etc cocnue^ i©p([ebpm en jSe^ abenue.^ <Dt unn peice0 en mi le pijS ©ont bien Detroit porter (e pig &on e$icu ^i te Daignoit faire Ite Gl? .BiiarmaDucP cet affaire £ant entrepri^t a enDurer Com6 li autre i porent Durer Car il e$itoit^ com6 line r^taclje ;Sa baniere ot meinte tacije meint pertui?!r mat a reconiStre tant noblcment ^i mon#tre! De $ttm e^cu moult goufcent Woit on boler Ie taint au bent • Richmont. b fesoit. c e. d Cist ne vont pas cum gens meures. c cum. ' genz. 6 enfumes. h nialencolie. ' lour. k acuellie. ' Le entre demande on li respont. ra Wilebi. ° une. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 71 Thomas de Richmont, who a second time collected some lances, had red armour, with a chief and two gemells of gold. These did not act like discreet people, nor as persons enlightened by understand- ing ; but as if they had been inflamed and blinded with pride and despair, for they made their way right forwards to the very brink of the ditch. And those of Richmont passed at this moment quite to the bridge, and demanded entry ; they were answered with ponderous stones and cornues. Willoughby in his advances received a stone in the middle of his breast, which ought to have been pro- tected by his shield, if he had deigned to use it. Fitz Marmaduke had undertaken to en- dure as much in that affair as the others could bear, for he was like a post ; but his banner received many stains, and many a rent difficult to mend. Hamsart bore himself so nobly, that from his shield fragments might often be 0 piere. ' Le fiz mermenduc. 1 estut. ' percuii. • Hamsart tant noblement se i monstre. ' Ke. 72 He €>iege He fcarlafcerofc. Car it eta cif be Sttbemont ftuent h$b picre# contrementc €omd gi ce fugt ag enbtaile£e til beben.se a beffiaife£ h endjargent te£te£ eta cou£ encombrance ' tie gran? cou£ k Cit tie <3ra5jam' ne fu pa.^ quite# Cat ne toauara beuji promesJ™ quiteji <Banque^ entier n enpocteta ©et e^cu quant0 jSen partira <©#P bou^ la noi^e comencie <©boet euis ^e^ti entre lancie ©eg 0eng le Sos un grant ©ont gi ie toug8 leg nom.^1 <Eta reconta^e" leg bnn Crop men genroit1 pe^an^ H Cant furent eta tant bien It? ferent € non pottant2 pa# ne ^oulfitent ^»an# aa la maijfnie au fit? bb Ie &op cc fti moult i bint tie noble aropdd €atee meinte targe fte^tljement eta guatmff ricibement ijeaume eta meint cijapeau burni Uleint rid]e gamfaoi^on garni ss ©e #>iehh eta cabag eta toton «En lour benue bei^t oun" ©e oiber^e^ tailed eta forged • e. b lour. c contremont. d cum. e euviales. l E. i dcdenz. h Lour. ' emcombiaiice. k cups. ' Cil Graham, in the copy in the College of Arms. m pomes. " Kanques entere. ° kan t. P Es. i se est. ' De genz le Rui une grant masse. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 73 seen to fly in the air ; for he, and those of Richmont, drove the stones upwards as if it were rotten, whilst those within de- fended themselves by loading their heads and necks with the weight of heavy blows. Those led by Graham did not escape, for there were not above two who returned unhurt, or brought back their shields entire. Then you might hear the tumult begin. With them were intermixed a great body of the King's followers, all of whose names if I were to repeat, and recount their brave actions, the labour would be too heavy, so many were there, and so well did they behave. Nor would this suffice without those of the retinue of the King's son, great numbers of whom came there in noble array ; for many a shield newly painted and splendidly adorned, many a helmet and many a burnished hat, many a rich gambezon garnished with silk, tow, and cotton, were there to be seen of divers forms and fashions. • touz. ' nons. " recontaisse. » scroll. r It. * porquant. " Sanz. bb fiz. " roi. •" aroi. « Kar. " guarnie. ** guarni. bb soi. u on. U He @>fege Be 3floegue.!Sa bi ie $auf De C|)ebalierb noubel a Doube ©e ptereg c a terre d tumbe <£t e tie foule plug De une foig f Car tant e.Stoit De grant buffoigs Mh ne £en Oatgnoit' Depattic Cout jnon tiarnoi^ ete ^on atitk ma^cle tie or ete oe a^ut fii e^toient jiur le muc Robert tie iJTonji moult greboit Car en ^a compaignie aboit 3Le faon ^icijart De la tHoKele Dti ceuji oeDen? # enparfiele Jte moult ^oubent le£ fait retraire €il ot gon e.^cu fait portraire1 JBia^cle tie gouleg ete be ermine 3bam De la j?orDe au mut mine €n tel maniere™ com" il puet Car augi Dru com n pluie pluet Wolent #e# piereji enji0 ete fcorg ©ont moult fu Defoule^P It orjS ©e troi^ lionceauji'i couronnejsr ftil8 ot rampant en inDe ne? %e bon 23aroun De JDpgnctone' ^erbeillc^" ej»t fte tout ne e^tone lit faijS Dejs coupe^ x ftt y il i recoit Car ia ce fee benu£ i #oit * Ilveques. b Chevalier. c peres. * I ' bufoiz. h Ke il. ! deignoit. t atire. in (he copy in the College of Arms. m maner. e. ' e. f foiz. ' This line is omitted " cum. ° enz. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 7^ There I saw Ralph de Gorges, a newly dubbed Knight, fall more than once to the ground from stones and the crowd, for he was of so haughty a spirit that he would not deign to retire. He had all his harness and attire mascally of gold and azure. Those who were on the wall Robert de Tony severely harassed ; for he had in his company the good Richard de Rokeley, who so well plied those within that he frequently obliged them to retreat. He had his shield painted mascally of red and ermine. Adam de la Forde mined the walls as well as he could, for his stones flew in and out as thick as rain, by which many were disabled. He bore, in clear blue, three gold lioncels rampant crowned. The good Baron of Wigtown received such blows that it was the astonishment of all that he was not stunned ; for, without defoulcz. ' lyonceaus. ' couronnez. ' Ke il. ' \Vignetone. Merveilleis. * coups. 1 ke. le .§»an? Seigneur a Ijorg de retenance 31 a b plug nen a la contenance oej-ibarfjie c ne egpoentee €t ild portoit borbure enbentee <© trotg egtotleg tie or en gable IKleint e pedant piere tt f qua^abfe Ctt te iftirfebribe h t porta ^leg le e^cu blancjje Debant beta' <© la croig bcroe' enoreUiek <f>i fte moult fu bien gac lui la portem Du Cat onque£ feureiS t>e martel &i ^our j»on fee ne mattelan Com0 il etf li gten ffrent la porqantP tant i ont e£te yctt$$t$ piere^ tempe^te De quarreau.si etf tie De bfejscure^r etf It8 lag etf gi amortt Ste a moult grant peine en gont parti Haeg am? ftil genu fuggent parti? Cil be Cltffort com0 aberti? «£ com ° cil fti ne a eu pourpcg $te ctl beDen? aient repog 31 a ga baniere entooie «ctf tant com0 bien le aix conboie • segnour. t quaissable. k engreellie. b Ja. f Esbahie. d Cil. e Meinte. ' e. '' Kirkebricle. ' Mes les escu blancdrvant buuta. 1 assallie. •" De li la porte. " Si sur son fer martela. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 77 excepting any lord present, none shewed a more resolute or unembarrassed coun- tenance. He bore within a bordure in- dented, three gold stars on sable. Many a heavy and crushing stone did he of Kirkbride receive, but he placed before him a white shield with a green cross engrailed. So stoutly was the gate of the castle assailed by him, that never did smith with his hammer strike his iron as he and his did there. Notwithstanding, there were showered upon them such huge stones, quarrels, and arrows, that with wounds and bruises they were so hurt and exhausted, that it was with very great difficulty they were able to retire. But as soon as they had retreated, he of Cliiford, being advised of it, and like one who had no intention that those within should have repose, sent his banner there, and as many as could properly ° cum. >' purquant. ' quareaus. ' blessures. 1 Ke a m'lt grant peine sont parti. ° —eg aim ke il se en. * a. X 78 He ©fege tie telafcerofu ©e J&abelegmere SBartljolmteug a 3jojbanjj be Crometoelle au mieu£ <©ueb puet i a mige ge entente Car nui.si be ceu£ ne fait atente ®e afae^ter etc pieces* cuelltrd «Etc be ruer etc be aggaillir Cant com6 surer lour puet aleine Mt$ leg sen£f a Ifl cibe.^teleine e He lour lei^enth abotr ^ouiour 2Babel.^mere fit tout le tout 3fluec ^e conttnt bien etc bel portoit en blanc au bleu label rouge entre ocus1 jumcau? It prcu.s It beau£ fte entre le ptere^ ba trtpant €n tnbe ot blanc lpounk rampant Couronne be or au1 double coue Mt$ pag ne croim fie il la regcoue lie iluec ne It jSoit recoupee Cant futn be piereg egtampee0 € brote ain? fill ?'cn a laf cejS beugi rebtnbrent la ilDarbe et c 5I°i)ati^ be s!3rai r be noubet ont enbai* bcben? fit bten atenbent <£t arc^ etu arfaale^teg tenbent • De Badelsmere Bartbolmieuis. b Ke. c e. d cuellier. * cum. ' gcnz. i cbasteleine. '' Icssent. ' deuz. k lyon. ' o. m Mes ne croi pas. " fu. ° estampe THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. ?9 escort it, with Bartholomew de Badles- mere, and John de Cromwell, as those who could best perform his wishes; for whilst their breath lasted, none of them neglected to stoop and pick up the stones, to throw them, and to attack. But the people of the castle would not permit them to remain there long. Bad- lesmere, who all that day behaved him- self well and bravely, bore on white with a blue label a red fess between two ge- melles. Cromwell, the brave and hand- some, who went gliding between the stones, bore on blue a white lion rampant double -tailed, and crowned with gold; but think not that he brought it away, or that it was not bruised, so much was it battered and defaced by stones before he retreated. After these two, La Warde and John de Gray returned there, and renewed the at- tack. Those within, who were fully expect- ing it, bent their bows and cross-bows, » Ebroie ainz ke il se en ala. i Apres ecus deux. ' Gray. • Ke. ' envay. " E ars e. so He ©fep te ftatfafcerofc* <£ta traient oe lour e^ptingaut <£t a bien £e tienent patingaut <£ta au iectetb tta au lanciec font le a^aut recomencitc geng le geigneout oe 25dtatgned Corn6 Ii fpon^f De la montaisne &^& cbecunh iout apernang fait be armg' eta le megtier togt coubrent li portier rfjagtel lout acointement autte plug folonnementk 1 ne leg otent aggailim porqant n ne ont mie faiKi fte fii fie preg biegne ne ait part 3£e lout libtee aing1 qil gen patt° 2Cant fie plug fie agge? li ensemble 2pteg i ceugp ilbec ge 3Ca gent mon geignout be <©u je bi Slogan oe Ctetinqueg r >!Hn peril be perbre un cjjebal ftant gout5 Ii un bint tontte bal «£gperounant au gagette? * J&eg pag ne gemble egtre feintie?" 3fti tant ge Ijagte au fait attainbre* >£n gon blanc egcu ot fait tainbre^ ^In cl)iebron touge o ttoig moletteg » e. b getter. c recomencier. d Le gens mon segnour de Bretaigne. ' cum. ' lyon. f Coraiouses. h chescun. ' armes. k felounement. l Ainz. m assilll. ° porquant. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 81 and prepared their espringalls, and kept themselves quite ready both to throw and to hurl. Then the followers of my Lord of Brit- tany recommenced the assault, fierce and daring as lions of the mountains, and every day improving in both the practice and use of arms. Their party soon covered the entrance of the castle, for none could have attacked it more furiously. Not, however, that it was so subdued that those who came after them would not have a share hi their labours ; but they left more than enough for them also. After these, the people of my Lord of Hastings assembled there, where I saw John de Cretinques in danger of losing a horse. When upon it, one came beneath pricking it with an arrow ; but he did not seem to be dissembling, he used such haste to strike him. On his white shield he had caused to be depicted a red chevron with three mullets. » ke il se enpart. f E apres ceus. « segnour de Hastingues. ' Crttingues. • sur. ' saietiz. " fainliz. ' ateindre. r teindre. V a a a a le ©iege He fcarlafcerofc. fci porte bance eta billettesS or en agur at aggaut court aboit a nomb SBaincourt W tregc bien i figt gon beboir 3ugi lid ffrent bien por boir £n recebant meinte cotee %i bon ftere be 2Berfeelee ©ont li aingne? portoit engt tyt ermine au c}jie£ rouge enbente ®e troi^ molette^ be or ente 3li autre^ be roMie.iS <&])tmm$ troubeoierent e xLU OvOvtlp ^C UL Jnt vll Car toua'iourri com' li un se 3utre i rebienent fre^ eta froit .^ porqanque^k on lour offroit1 t^^au^ ne ^e renbirent beben^ra ain? ^e beffenbirent <£ta ge tinbrent fei fee il anuit Cout eel iour eta toute" la nuit «Hta lenbemain0 iuqueiS a tierce P Mt$ burement eu^ eta lout fierce €ntre leg a.s^au.sJ cssmaia frere Robert fei enboia JBeinte piere par robinet au .soir beg le matinct • e. b non. * m'lt. d le. " E li ij frere, but the figures ij have been subsequently added. ' ausi. I trouveroient. '• Cil de dedenzse or sen alassent. ' touz iourscum. k porquanques. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 83 He who bore a dancette and billets of gold on blue, John Deincourt by name, rushed to the assault, and there extremely well performed his duty. It was also a fine sight to see the good brothers of Berkeley receiving numerous blows ; and the brothers Basset likewise, of whom the eldest bore thus, ermine, a red chief indented, charged with three gold 'A mullets ; the other, with three shells ; found the passages straitened. Those within continually relieved one another, for al- ways as one became fatigued, another re- turned fresh and stout : and, notwithstand- ing such assaults were made upon them, they would not surrender, but so de- fended themselves, that they resisted those who attacked, all that day and night, and the next day until tierce. But their cou- rage was considerably depressed during the attack by the brother Robert, who sent numerous stones from the robinet, without cessation from the dawn of the 1 offrit. " Cil dedenz. " tout. ° lendemein. t terce. ' Juk. 84 le S>fep He 3le tour octant tegge ne atooit <T>c autrc pactea oncore i lenott Croig autreg enpigb moult plug jjran£ c <£td it pentble^ etd engran^ fte Ie dja.stcl Du tout ronfonoc Cent et d reent e met piere enfonDe f et fiangjss ateint fent g coupj! rien ne #e beffent bretejSc?)eh ne groiS fug potquant ne fierent' refutf Slin? tinQrent tougk ^ejS enbiaug Cil oeDen^1 tant fie en mi aug €n fu un$ feru# a la mort UlejS lorjS tljecun^ Dau^m ge remort <Se ^on orguel etd ge e^bacl)tn Car au.s'i It combleg cljai0 par tout pat ou la piece entca €t quant a^cunp de eu^ cncontra oe fec^ targe de fujit gauba fte blende? r ne fu^t ^ants toirent fte plu^ otirec porent* ne plu^ enDurer tequiterent" li compaignon €t bouterontx ijorg uney penon reluiz fci fjorg Ie bouta gcai quelg • part. b engiiu. « granz. d e. • retent. ' en fonde. < Descocbe e quanques. h Bors dc bretesche. 'nenfirent. k touz. 1 Cil de dedenz. » de eus. " esbabi. ° chay. PEkantacun. i Nel pout quarir, in Me copy in the College of Arms. THE SIEGE OP CARLAVEROCK. 85 preceding day until the evening. More- over, on the other side he was erecting three other engines, very large, of great power and very destructive, which cut down and cleave whatever they strike. Fortified town, citadel, nor barrier — no- thing is protected from their strokes. Yet those within did not flinch until some of them were slain, but then each began to repent of his obstinacy, and to be dis- mayed. The pieces fell in such manner, wherever the stones entered, that when they struck either of them, neither iron cap nor wooden target could save him from a wound. And when they saw that they could not hold out any longer or endure more, the companions begged for peace, and put out a pennon, but he that displayed it was shot with an arrow, by some archer, through the hand into the face. Then he ' Ke maintenant blesciez, in the copy in the College of jtrmi. ' Equant. < porrent. • Pas requistrem, in the copy in the College of Arms. * buutercnt. ' un. * celuy. •» Ne sai ques scrguis saitrta. Z 86 le ©feffe tie ftatlaftcrofc. $armi la twin iuqa en fa face 3Lor^ requtgt qeb plu;» ne It face Car le tfya$ttl au $05 c renoront <£td en jto grace bor£ bient>ronte <£td Jlare#cjbausi etd €one£table£ fte a oej! ifuec furent e^tableg 3. eel motf le a^autte Deffen&irent «Htd cil le ci)a£tel lour renoirent ^en i^trent ce e^t la tie unjS fie oe autreg grant merbeille tenu furent ed suartie Cant fee li iftoig en ordena fte1 tie etd membte lour Donnak <Htd a c^agcun1 robe noubele 3Lor^ fu ioieu^em la nouViete i 2 toute la ogt Du cJja.^tel prig fti tant e^toit tie noble pas ^uiiS fi#t le ffiopn porter amont ^a baniere etd la ^>eint <:pmont 51 a &cpnt° George etd fa ^eint Otoart «Ctd o celeji par broit e^toart 3la ^egrate etd fa ^erefort teleP au ^eignour De Cliffort li Cba£teau£ futi DonnesSr • Par mi la mien jok. b com. c Roi. d e. ' vendront. 1 moult, in the copy in the College of Arms. i assault. h scisaut. ' Ki. k doiia. ' cliescun. m ioiuuse. " Rois. ° seint. P tcel. i fu. ' dunnez. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 87 begged that they would do no more to him, for they will give up the castle to the King, and throw themselves upon his mercy. And the marshal and constable, who always remained on the spot, at that notice forbad the assault, and these sur- rendered the castle to them. And this is the number of those who came out of it; of persons of different sorts and ranks sixty rnen, who were beheld with much astonishment, but they were all kept and guarded till the King commanded that life and limb should be given them, and ordered to each of them a new garment. Then was the whole host rejoiced at the news of the conquest of the castle, which was so noble a prize. Then the King caused them to bring up his banner, and that of St. Edmond, St. George, and St. Edward, and with them, by established right, those of Segravc and Hereford, and that of the Lord of Clifford, to whom the castle was entrusted. 88 Le ®iege tie €ta puf^ a li Soiji oroenegb «£oiii cilc fci oe guerre d e£t moult0 js' <EouiSf $t$ cijeminjf eta Comente ira parmih €ele forte1 tcrrek locc. 5[ci' fintjit le £ic0em De ftarlaberofi. " e. b ordentz. l Cum ciU. '' guere. e mut. ' Touz. f Comment. h mie. ' fort. k tere. ' Ci. "' Assault, in the co/iy in the College of Arms. THE SIEGE OF CARLAVEROCK. 8.9 / And then the King, who is well skilled in war, directed in what way his array should proceed. Here ends the Siege of Carlaverock. •2 A MEMOIRS OF Cije $eetfii anti MENTIONED IN THE POEM. The particulars contained in the following Memoirs are throughout taken from Sir William Dugdale's " Baronage," excepting where other authorities are cited in the notes. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. [PAGE 5.] THIS distinguished nobleman, whose name occupies so prominent a place in the records of almost every public event of his time, was the eldest son of Edmund de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, by Alice, the daughter of the Marquess of Saluces in Italy. He succeeded his father in the Earldom8 in 1257, at which time he was probably about nine years of age, his parents having been married in May, 1247.b The first circumstance relating to the Earl after his birth, of which we have any notice, was his marriage, in 1256, to Margaret, the eldest daughter and coheiress of William de Longespee ; the covenants of which are given by Dugdale. In 1269 the Earl became involved in a dispute about some lands with John Earl Warren, a Dugdale says, vol. I. p. 103, that " Edmund de Lacy, the father of Henry, never used the title of Earl of Lincoln, nor was it ever attributed to him in any grant, though he enjoyed the tertium denarium of that county, as may be seen by a record of after time." The late Francis Townsend, Esq. Windsor Herald, in his valuable collections for a new edition of Dugdale's Baronage, has, however, proved that this assertion is erroneous, for he observes, " In the record referred to by Dugdale, relating to Henry his son, this Edmund is expressly described as « Edmundus de Lacy, pater ejusdem Henrici, quondam Comitis Lincolniae ;' and he is also so designated in the patent of safe conduct to the King and Queen of Scotland, dated 5 September, 39 Hen. III. 1255. Fadera, tome I. p. 563." Dugdale's statement, that Henry de Lacy was " made Earl of Lincoln" at the same time that he received the honour of knighthood, does not appear to be supported by evidence, and even if he had been so created, it would not be conclusive that his father had not enjoyed the same honour. Some remarks on the descent of Earldoms at that period, connected with this remark, will be found in vol. XXI. of the Archaeologia. b Mr. Townsend's " MS. Collections for Dugdale's Baronage." 2B 94 HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. and each party prepared to establish his claim by force of arms, but their intention becoming known to the King, he commanded his Justices to hear and determine the cause, who decided it in favour of the Earl of Lincoln. William de Long- espee, his wife's father, died in the 52 Hen. III. and soon afterwards the Countess and her husband performed homage for, and obtained livery of, all the lands which had in consequence devolved upon her. In her right he is considered to have become Earl of Salisbury, the said William de Longespee having been en- titled to that dignity, though he was never allowed it, as son and heir of William de Longespee, the natural son of King Henry the Second by the well known Rosamond Clifford, who obtained the Earldom of Salisbury by his marriage with Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of William d' Evereux. On the feast of St. Edward, 18 March, 1272, the Earl of Lincoln received the honour of knight- hood, and in the same year was appointed governor of Knaresborough Castle. To follow Dugdale in his account of this Earl would not only be a useless repe- tition, but the limits which it is proposed to assign to each of the individuals who are mentioned in the preceding Poem would be considerably exceeded; hence the principal circumstances of his life only will be noticed, and even these must be alluded to as concisely as possible. In the 5 Edw. I. he had livery of the fee which his ancestors had usually received nomine comitat&s Lincoln, with all the arrears from the time he was invested by King Henry the Third with the sword of that Earldom. Upon several occasions between the 6th and 10th Edw. I. he obtained grants of fairs, markets, and free-warrens in different parts of his do- mains ; and in the year last mentioned he accompanied the expedition then sent into Wales. Leland asserts that the Earl built the town of Denbigh, the land of which had been granted to him " from his having married into the blood of those princes, and that he walled it and erected a castle, on the front of which -was a statue of him in long robes ; and that anciently prayers were offered in Saint Hillary's chapel in that place for Lacy and Percy." Dugdale considers that his surrender of the castle and barony of Pontefract to the King, with all the honours thereto belonging, in the 20th Edw. I. arose from his " having been long married, and doubting whether he should ever have issue, but upon condition as it seems," for the King by his charter, dated at Newcastle on Tync, 28 Dec. 21 Edw. I. re-granted the same to him and to the heirs of his body, with remainder to Edmund Earl of Lancaster, the King's bro- ther, and to the heirs of his body, failing which to the King and his heirs. In HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. 95 almost the next paragraph, however, that eminent writer says, " that in the 22nd Edw. I. the Earl received a grant of several manors from the King, with remainder to Thomas, the son of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, and Alice his wife, sole daugh- ter of the Earl, and to the heirs of their two bodies lawfully begotten, and failing such issue, to the right heirs of the said Thomas," from which it would appear that at the time of the surrender by the Earl of Lincoln to the King, the said Alice was living ; and which is further confirmed by his saying in a subsequent page, that she was twenty-eight years of age at the death of her father in 1312, in which case she must have been above seven at the time in question. In the 20th Edw. I. the Earl was sent as ambassador to the King of France to treat on the subject of the restraint of those pirates who robbed some French merchants ; and in the 22nd year of that monarch he again attended him into Wales, and was likewise in the expedition sent into Gascony. He accompanied the Earl of Lancaster in the 24 Edw. I. into Brittany, and was present at various successes of the English forces. On the death of that nobleman he suc- ceeded him in his command, and besieged the town of Aux with great vigour, though without success, and was forced to retreat to Bayonne ; from which place he marched with John de St. John towards Bellegard, which was then besieged by the Count d'Artois. The engagement which took place in the vicinity of that town, does not, from Dugdale's relation of it, appear to have added to the repu- tation of the Earl, as he informs us, upon the authority of Walsinghain, that " approaching a wood about three miles from Bellegard, he divided his army into two parts, whereof the van was led by John de St. John, and the rear by himself; but having past the wood where St. John, meeting the enemy, began the fight, discerning their strength, he retreated to Bayonne, leaving the rest to shift for themselves, so that St. John and many others were by reason thereof taken prisoners." Whatever stain this circumstance might have cast upon his military character, seems to have been partially removed towards the end of that year, by his having obliged the enemy to raise the siege which they had laid to St. Kathcrine's in Gascony ; soon after which he proceeded into Flanders, and thence returned to England. In the ensuing year, 27 Edw. I. he was summoned by writ, tested 17 Sept. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to be at York with horse and arms on the morrow of the feast of St. Martin, to serve against the Scots,0 and in the next c Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 112. 96 HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. year he is stated to have been sent to the Pope, with Sir Hugh Spencer, to com- plain of injuries received from the Scots ; and about the same time he was ap- pointed Lieutenant of Gascony. In the 29th Edw. I. he was made governor of Corfe Castle, from which year, until the 31st of Edw. I. when he was joined in commission with the Bishop of Winchester to treat of peace between England and France, Dugdale gives no account of him. It was, however, on the 24th June, in the 29th Edw. I. anno 1300, when the Earl must have been above fifty years of age, that he commanded the first division of the army which besieged Carlaverock Castle. The only charac- teristic trait recorded of him by the Poet, is that of valour, which we are told was the principal feeling that animated his heart, and in so rude an age this attribute was perhaps the highest and most gratifying praise that could be imagined. His name does not afterwards occur in that production, from which we may conclude that his services at the siege and assault were not very conspi- cuous. In 1305 the Earl was again employed on a mission to the Pope, being deputed with the Bishops of Lichfield and Worcester to attend the inauguration of the Pontiff" at Lyons, and to present him, in the name of the King, with se- veral vessels of pure gold. After having executed this command, it appears that he was once more in the wars in Gascony, and in the ensuing year was similarly employed in Scotland. Upon the death of the King, at Burgh in Cumberland, the Earl was one of the peers who attended him in his last moments, and received his solemn request to be faithful to his son, and not to allow Piers de Gaveston to return into England. Immediately after Edward's demise, he joined some Earls and Barons in a solemn engagement to defend the young King, his honour and authority ; and at his coronation he is recorded to have carried one of the swords borne at that ceremony ;d shortly after which he was appointed governor of Skipton Castle. His conduct seems to have secured the confidence of the new monarch, for upon his expedition towards Scotland in the 3rd and 4th years of his reign, the Earl of Lincoln was constituted Governor of the realm during his absence. The preceding account of this personage has been almost entirely taken from Sir William Dugdale's Baronage. The only facts which have been ascertained relating to him, not stated in that work, are, that he was one of the Main- d Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. part 1, p. 36. HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. 97 pernors for the Earl of Gloucester in 1292 ; that he was a Receiver and Trier of Petitions in 1304 ; that he was present in the parliament held at Carlisle in February, 35 Edw. I. 1307 ; and that he was one of the Peers appointed to regu- late the King's household in May, 3 Edw. II. 1309.° His works of piety were proportionate to his extensive possessions, and, adopt- ing this criterion of his religious sentiments, we may conclude that he was not behind his contemporaries in superstition or devotion. Amongst his more sub- stantial gifts to the church was his large contribution to the " new work" at St.' Paul's cathedral in London ;f and three gilt crosses and a carbuncle, and a cup of silver gilt which was said to have belonged to St. Edmund, to the shrine of St. Edmund in the abbey of Salley. The Earl of Lincoln closed a long and active career, in 1312, at Lincoln's Inn,s in the suburbs of London, being then about sixty-three or sixty-four years of age, and he is reported to have called his son-in-law, the Earl of Lancaster, to him upon his death-bed, and after representing how highly " it had pleased God to honor and enrich him above others," he told him that " he was obliged to love and honor God above all things ;" and then added, " Seest thou the Church of England, heretofore honorable and free, enslaved by Romish oppressions, and the King's wicked exactions ? Scest thou the common people, impoverished by tri- butes and taxes, and from the condition of freemen reduced to servitude ? Seest thou the nobility, formerly venerable throughout Christendom, vilified by aliens in their own native country ? I therefore charge thee by the name of Christ to stand up like a man for the honor of God and his church, and the redemption of thy country, associating thyself to that valiant, noble, and prudent person, Guy Earl of Warwick, when it .shall be most proper to discourse of the public affairs of the- kingdom, who is so judicious in counsel and mature in judgment. Fear not thy opposers who shall contest against thce in the truth, and if thou pursuest e Rot. Parl. vol. I. pp. 75, 76, 159, 188, 443. f Dugd. St. Paul's, ed. 1818, p. 11. g This celebrated Inn of Court is recorded to have been the town residence of the Bishops of Chichester, from the reign of Henry the Third to that of Henry the Eighth. It seems, however, to have been for a short time possessed by the subject of this memoir, who, although the only Earl of Lincoln who resided there, left it the name which it has permanently retained during the five subsequent centuries. The arms of Lacy on the gate-house in Chancery-lane were erected by Sir Thomas Lovel, together with his own, in the year 1518. 2c 98 HENRY DE LACY, EARL OF LINCOLN. this my advice, thou shalt gain eternal honor !" This patriotic speech, which is attributed to him by Walsingham, who wrote in the fifteenth century, is worthy of attention as conveying the view taken of the affairs of the period by a monk about one hundred years afterwards ; for it would require extraordinary credulity to consider that it was really uttered by the dying Earl, whose whole life does not appear to present a single action indicative of the sentiments there attributed to him. His body was buried in the eastern part of St. Paul's cathedral in London, between the chapel of our Lady and that of St. Dunstan. The Earl of Lincoln was twice married, first to Margaret de Longespee be- fore mentioned, by whom he had a son, Edmond de Lacy, who was drowned in a well in a high tower, called the Red Tower, in Denbigh Castle, in his father's life-time ; and a daughter, Alice, the. wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, who was his sole heiress, and at the Earl's death was twenty-eight years of age. His second wife was Joan, sister and heiress of William Baron Martin, who survived him, and was re-married to Nicholas Baron Audley. Alice, Countess of Lancaster, whose romantic life has been made the subject of a popular novel, styled herself, as sole inheritrix of the extensive possessions of her father and mother, Countess of Lincoln and Salisbury. She was thrice married; first, to the Earl of Lancaster; secondly, to Eubolo le Strange; and, thirdly, to Hugh le Frenes ; but died without issue on the Thursday next after the feast of St. Michael, 22 Edw. III. i. e. 2nd October, 1348, when the repre- sentation of the powerful house of Lacy became vested in the descendants of Maud, the sister of Henry Earl of Lincoln, who mar- ried Richard de Clare Earl of Gloucester. The arms of the Earl, on the authority of this Poem, and of a contemporary MS. in the British Museum, Cotton MSS. Caligula, A, xvij. as well as upon that of several of his seals, were, Or, a lion rampant Purpure. 99 ROBERT FITZ WALTER. [PAGE 5.] There is not one name in English history with which our political liberties are so intimately associated as with that of FITZ WALTER, from its having been borne by the illustrious individual to whom we are chiefly indebted for Magna Charta. Robert Fitz Walter, " Marshal of the army of God and the Holy Church," the inflexible leader of those Barons who extorted that palladium of the constitution of this country from King John, was the grandfather of the sub- ject of this memoir ; and although his deeds bear no comparison to those of his renowned ancestor, they were neither few nor unimportant. Robert Fitz Walter was born in 1248, and succeeded his father Walter Fitz Walter in the Barony in 1258, being then ten years of age ; and in 1274 he re- ceived the honour of knighthood. As Constable of Baynard's Castle, or, as it was then called, the Castle of London, to which office he succeeded by inheritance, he was banner-bearer of the city, and in time of war was to serve it by riding upon a light horse, with twenty men at arms, having their horses covered with cloth, into the great door of St. Paul's church, with the banner of his arms carried before him ; and having arrived there, he was to be met by the Mayor, together with the Sheriffs and Aldermen of London, when several cm-monies were to be performed, which are minutely detailed by the historians of London. He was present in the parliament which met at Westminster on the feast of St. Michael, 6 Edw. I. 1278, in which Alexander King of Scotland did homage to Edward ; f and in the 8th Edw. I. he married his second wife, Devorguil, one of the daughters and coheirs of John de Burgh, son of Hubert Earl of Kent, from which time until the 21st Edw. I. when he was appointed Governor of the castle of de la Bere in the county of Merioneth, nothing is recorded of him excepting f Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 224 a. 100 ROBERT FJTZ WALTER. what relates to his lands. In 1292 he was a Mainpernor for the Earl of Glou- cester, s and in the 22nd and 23rd Edw. I. served in the retinue of the Earl of Lancaster in Gascony, and also in Scotland in the 25th of that monarch. He received a summons, tested at Berwick, 29th Dec. 28th Edw. I. 1299, to be at Carlisle with horse and arms on the feast of the nativity of St. John next ensuing, to serve against the Scots, in obedience to which writ he joined the King, and was present with the forces sent to besiege Carlaverock ; at which time he must have been fifty-two years old. Dugdalc states that in the 28th Edw. I. he served in Scotland in the retinue of the Earl of Lancaster, and in the next year in that of the Prince of Wales, but the Poet asserts that he was in the squadron led by the Earl of Lincoln. The merit which he attributes to him is that of expertness in the use of arms, an expression which we may consider as synonymous with the character of a good soldier in the most extensive meaning of the term. In February in the following year he became a party to the letter written at Lincoln by the Barons of England to the Pope, relative to his Holiness's claim to the sovereignty of Scotland, to which important document his seal is still at- tached. He was summoned to parliament from the 23rd June, 23rd Edw. I. 1295, to the 10th of October, 19th Edw. II. 1325, and was also summoned to serve against the Scots in the 34th and 35th Edw. I. and in the 4th, 6th, and 8th Edw. II. In 1304 he petitioned the King that a certain chapel, called a Jew's synagogue, might be granted to him ;h and in the same year he also prayed his Majesty to institute an inquiry relative to his debt to the Crown, and that, after an allowance was made for it out of the sum which was then due to him for his services in Gas- cony, the difference might be determined:1 and a parliament having been ordered to meet at Carlisle in the octaves of St. Hilary, 35th Edw. I. 1306, it is recorded that " he would come with the Cardinal." k This Baron was twice married, first to Eleanor, daughter of Earl Ferrers, and secondly to Devorguil de Burgh ; and died about the 19th Edw. II. 1325, leaving, by his first wife, Robert, his son and heir; and, by his second, a daughter, Christiana, who became heiress to her mother, and married John Baron le Marshall. The barony of Fitz Walter continued vested in the male heirs of the said Robert until the reign of Henry VI. when it passed to the family of Ratcliffe, by marriage with the daughter and heiress of Walter Lord Fitz Walter, who e Rot. Part. vol. I. p. 76. h Ibid. p. 162. i Ibid. p. 169 a. k Ibid. p. 288. WILLIAM LE MARSHALL. 101 died in 1432, and from them to that of Mildmay in 1 669, but fell into abeyance between the coheirs of Mary, the aunt of Benjamin Mildmay, Baron and Earl Fitz Walter, who died in 1756, s. P. The arms of Fitz Walter were, Or, a fess between two chevronels Gules. m WILLIAM LE MARSHALL. [PAGE 6.] William le Marshall was the son and heir of John le Marshall, a Baron in the reigns of Henry the Third and Edward the First, and was born in 1280, being three years old when he succeeded his father in the 12th Edw. I. 1283; about which time his wardship was granted to John de Bohun." Dugdalc's account of this Baron, who was lineally descended from the ances- tor of the Earls of Pembroke, though the latter assumed different arms, is ex- ceedingly imperfect ; as he merely states that he was in the wars of Scotland in the .'Uth Edw. I., that he was summoned to parliament from the 2nd to the 7th Edw. II., and that he departed this life about that time ; and unfortunately there arc but few materials for giving a more enlarged memoir. The Poem informs us that he was present at the siege of Carlaverock, when he could not have been much above twenty years of age, and that he held some office of considerable importance in Ireland, though of what nature does not appear ; but there is little doubt that it referred to his situation of Hereditary Marshal of Ireland, which had been granted in fee, in 1207, to his great-great- grandfather by King John ; for upon his seal attached to the Barons' Letter to the Pope in 1301, are two batons, one on each side of his shield, a distinction which still belongs to the office of Marshal, but of the use of which this seal presents the earliest example. m P. 5. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. and the seal attached to the Barons' Letter, a<> 1301. n Blomefield's Norfolk, ed. 1805, vol. I. p. l:H. 102 WILLIAM LE MARSHALL. In February, in the 29th Edw. I. 1301, the Baron was a party to the Letter to the Pontiff, and though that circumstance is sufficient evidence of the consideration in which he was held, it is singular that he was never summoned to parliament until the accession of Edward the Second, the earliest writ addressed to him being tested on the 9th Jan. 2 Edw. II. 1309, and the last on the 26th Nov. 7 Edw. II. 1313. No other fact connected with him appears to be recorded, excepting that he bore two gold spurs at the coronation of Edward the Second;" that in the 5th year of that monarch's reign he was involved in a personal quarrel with Nicholas de Segrave, which will be more particularly alluded to when speaking of that Baron ; ° that he was one of the Lords appointed in May, 1309, to regulate the King's household;? and that he died in the year 1314, leaving John le Mar- shall his son and heir, who was never summoned to parliament, and died in 1316 without issue, when Hawyse his sister was found to be his heir, at that time wife of Robert Baron Morley, and fifteen years of age, whose descendants are consequently the representatives of this family. In the Letter to the Pope, William le Marshall is described as " Lord of Hengham," a manor in Norfolk, which, with other lands in that county, he in- herited from his father. The arms of Marshall have been uniformly painted, Gules, a bend lozengy Or, which agrees with the appearance of them upon his seal attached to the Barons' Letter ; but they are described in the Poem, as well as in the contemporary MS. so frequently cited, as Gules, a bend engrailed Or. It has been suggested that this discrepancy may be explained by the resemblance which a bend lozengy would present on a banner to a bend engrailed, that what is always considered a bend lozengy might in fact have been a bend engrailed, and, therefore, that the mistake has arisen from the imperfect manner in which the lines have been marked, i n Feeders, N. E. vol. II part I. p. 36. o Ibid. p. 140. P Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 443. q Archaeologia, vol. xxi. p. 214. 103 HUGH BARDOLF. [PAGE 6.] The particulars which have been preserved of this individual are exceedingly few and unsatisfactory. His ancestors had been possessed of baronial rank by tenure of the lordship of Bradwcll in Suffolk from the reign of Henry the Second and that of Wcrmegay in Norfolk was acquired by the marriage of his great grandfather, Doun Bardolf, with Beatrix, the daughter and heiress of William de Warren. Upon the death of his father, William de Bardolf, in 1290/ those lands devolved upon him, and from his being stated to have been forty years of age at the decease of his mother Julian, daughter and heiress of Hugh de Gourney, in the 23rd Edw. I. he was probably born about the year 1255. In June, 1294, Hugh dc Bardolf was summoned to attend a great council on the affairs of the realm, and afterwards accompanied the King into Gascony. He was taken prisoner by the French at the siege of Risunce, but his captivity ap- pears to have been of short duration, for in the 25th Edw. I. he was again in the King's service in Gascony, and in the 28th and 29th Edw. I. attended him in his expedition to Scotland, having been summoned to be present at Carlisle with horse and arms for that purpose on the feast of the nativity of St. John, in 1300. The first attempt against the Scots was the siege of Carlaverock Castle, when Bardolf was present in the division led by the Earl of Lincoln, at which time he must have been nearly forty-five years of age. The Poem states that he made a handsome appearance, and describes him to have possessed some estimable qualities. He was summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27th Edw. 1. 1299, to the 2nd June, 35 Edw. 1. 1302, and was a party to the Letter from the Barons of this country to the Pope in 1301, in which he is styled " Lord of Wirnicgeyc." He was again in the wars of Scotland in the 32d Edw. I. and in the same year he died. His wife was Isabel, daughter and heiress of Robert de Aquilon, who sur- vived him, and, in 1321, petitioned the King and his council relative to a law- r Esch. eod. ann. |Q4 PHILIP DE KYME. suit respecting some tenements in Emmesworth and Warbledon, of which she, her father, and grandfather, had been peaceably seized, under the charters of Henry III. and Edward I.s By her Lord Bardolf left issue Thomas, his son and heir, then twenty-two years of age, and William, a younger son. The Barony of Bardolf continued in the said Thomas and his male desccend- ants, until the reign of Henry IV. when it became forfeited by the attainder of Thomas, the last Baron, who left two daughters his coheirs ; Anne, who married first, Sir William Clifford, and secondly Sir Reginald Cob- ham ; and Joan, who became the wife of Sir William Philip, K. G. sometimes called Lord Bardolf. The arms of Bardolf, according to the Poem and the seal of this Baron, as well as the contemporary MS. Caligula, A. xvii. were Azure, three cinquefoils Or. PHILIP DE KYME. [PAGE 6.] Although the name of this Baron does not often appear in the records of public transactions of his time until about the 22nd Edw. I. his services subse- quent to that period were frequent and laborious, and the Fcedcra bears ample testimony to his zeal and activity. In that year he was summoned to attend the King at Portsmouth, with horse and arms, to accompany him into France, and from that time until his death there was scarcely an expedition in which he was not a companion, or any event connected with military service in which he was not present. It would therefore be tedious to enumerate the different occasions upon which he attended his sovereign in council or in the field, but it is pleasing to observe that his merits were ultimately appreciated, for Edward the Second, in the 10th year of his reign, in consideration of his great services in the wars in the time of King Edward the First, as well as to himself, granted him an immunity from future attendance ; and in the 12th Edw. II. he obtained a discharge for a « Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 388 a. PHILIP DE KYME. 105 debt of fifty pounds owing to the King's exchequer by a recognizance, which money had been borrowed in the time of Edward the First as a supply for the charge of his passage into Gascony. At the siege of Carlaverock he served in the squadron which was commanded by the Earl of Lincoln, and is said to have been highly estimated by his col- leagues. He was also a party to the Barons' letter to the Pope in 1301, and is stated to have been specially excused by the King from attending the parliament which met at Carlisle in the octaves of St. Hillary, 35 Edw. I. ;* but in the par- liament held at Westminster in the 9th Edw. II. he was appointed a Trier of Petitions," though he was not summoned thereto." Having been regularly sum- moned to parliament from the 23rd June, 23rd Edw. I. 1295, to the 26th Nov. 7th Edw. II. 1313, he died in the 16th Edw. II. 1322, leaving by .... his wife, daughter of Hugh Bigot, to whom he had been a ward, William, his son and heir, then forty years old. There are no positive data for calculating the age of this Baron when he was at the siege of Carlaverock, but as he was a minor in 1258, and had a son born in 1282, it would appear that he was very young at the death of his brother, and hence that he was about forty-five at the period in question. William, the son and heir of Philip dc Kyme, was sum- moned to parliament from the 17th Edw. II. to the 9th Edw. III. and died without issue in 1338. Lucia, his sister and heiress, married Gilbert de Umfrevillc Earl of Angus. The arms of Kyme were, Gules, sem6e of cross crosslets, a chevron Or.? t Rot. PaH. vol. I. p. 188 a. « Ibid. p. 350 b. * Appendix to the First Peerage Report. y Page 6. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A xvii. and the seal of Philip de Kyrae, ao 1301. 106 HENRY DE GREY. [PAGE 6.] This individual was born in the year 1254, and succeeded his father, John de Grey, in the lordship of Codnor in 1271, being then seventeen years of age. His life scarcely presents a single occurrence to distinguish it from that of his contemporaries of similar rank ; and it consequently does not afford any materials for biography beyond a few isolated facts, which are too remote, however, in their occurrence to be enlivened either by personal anecdote, or by historical or local description. Henry de Grey was in the royal army in Wales in the 10th of Edw. I. and had scutage from all his tenants in the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent, Essex, Leicester, Nottingham, and Derby, that held of him by military service. In the 22nd Edw. I. he was summoned to a great council to be held on the affairs of the realm, and likewise in September following to attend the King in his expe- dition into Gascony, where he served in the 23rd and 25th of Edw. I. In the 29th and 31st Edw. I. he was in the wars of Scotland, and in the retinue of the Prince of Wales ; and also in the 34th Edw. I., but he was then in the retinue of Aymer de Valence. The " Siege of Carlavcrock" states, however, that he attended his good Lord the Earl of Lincoln on that occasion ; when, it may be added, he was about forty-six years of age. In 1301 he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pontiff, and in the 1st Edw. II. he joined several Earls and Barons in declaring their resolution to adhere to the King with their lives and estates in defence of his crown and dig- nity, and upon the coronation of that monarch and his Queen, this Baron and his wife were specially summoned to attend the ceremony, by writ tested on the 8th Feb. 1308." He was summoned to parliament on the 6th Feb. and 10th April, 27 Edw. I. 1299, on the 10th March, 1 Edw. II. 1308, and on the 6th Aug. 2 Edw. II. 1308 ; and died in 1308. z Foedera, N. E. vol. II. part I. p. 131. ROBERT DE MONTALT. 107 The name of his wife has not been ascertained, but he left issue two sons, Richard, the inheritor of the dignity, and Nicholas, to whom he gave the manor of Barton in Ilidale in Yorkshire. The Barony of Grey of Codnor continued for six generations in the male descendants of the said Henry de Grey, and fell into abeyance, on the death of Henry Lord Grey in 1496, between the three aunts of that nobleman, or their children. The arms of Grey of Codnor are, barry of six, Argent and Azure." ROBERT DE MONTALT. [PAGE 6.] Robert de Montalt, or Monhaut, whose name has afforded the writer of the preceding Poem such an admirable opportunity for that love of iteration, or rather of punning, which, in the fourteenth century, seems to have been deeim-d a peculiar beauty in poetical composition, was born about 1270, and succeeded his brother in his lands in 1297, being then twenty-seven years of age. Dugdale says that this Robert was in the expedition into Gascony in the same year that he inherited the property of his ancestors, that he was in the wars in the 2(>th, 29th, and 31st Edw. I. and again in the 1st, 4th, 7th, 8th, and 10th, and in Gascony in the 19th, of Edw. II. He was present at the siege of Carlaverock in the squadron commanded by the Earl of Lincoln, but the description given of him in the Poem, though it merely implies that he was /ealous to distinguish himself, so evidently appears to have been suggested by his name, that perhaps no reliance can be placed upon it as evidence of his personal merits. a P. 6. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A xvii. and the seal of Henry de Grey, a» 1301. 108 ROBERT DE MONTALT. Lord Montalt was a party to the letter to Pope Boniface in 1301 , in which he is described as Lord of Hawardyn, and on the 22nd January, 1 Edw. II. he was summoned to attend at Dover to receive the King and Queen on their return from France, and to escort them to London.b In the 8th Edw. II. 1314, he petitioned the King to he allowed the lands of which his father Robert died seised in Enlowe, and which belonged to the castle of Hawardyn, in the county of Chester, and which, after the death of the said Robert, fell into the King's hands on account ©f the minority of Roger, his son and heir, the which lands and tenements Joan, the wife of the said Robert, held in dower ; that the said Roger had received two parts of the lands in question when he became of age, and likewise the third part on the death of the said Joan ; that Sir Reginald de Grey, then Justice of Chester, without award or judgment, had ousted the said Roger, who petitioned the King to be restored to them, but before it could be determined he died, in consequence of which, he, the petitioner, as brother and heir of Roger, had sued for them from time to time, and from parliament to parliament; but that by reason of the war in Scotland, and other affairs in which the King had been engaged, his suit had been delayed and impeded: he therefore prayed the King graciously to consider his right, and that he would remember that he had formerly promised him, when he was with his Majesty in his service in Scotland, that he would restore him his lands.0 In the same year Robert de Montalt prayed pourparty as one of the heirs of Hugh Daubeney, late Earl of Arundel,d to whom he was related in the following manner : William de Albini, 3rd Earl of Arundel.^=Isabel,'dau. of William Earl of Warren. _L William de Albini, 4th Earl of Hugh de Albini, 5th Earl of Cicely, 2d sister and=pRoger de Arundel, ob. 1233. s. p. Arundel, ob. 1243, s. p. coheir. j Montalt. John de Montalt, s. and h. ob. s. p. Robert de Montalt, brother and heir.=p , , . — I Roger de Montalt, s. and h. ob. Robert de Montalt, the claimant as coheir of the Earl of 1297, s. p. Arundel in 1314. and in 1320 he was one of the Mainpernors of Henry le Tyes, Constable of Caris- brook Castle, in a cause with Ralph de Gorges.6 Having no issue, in the 1 Edw. III. he settled all his manors and other landed b Fredera, N. E. vol. II. part I. p. 31. c Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 294 a. d Ibid. p. 325. <• Ibid. p. 385. THOMAS DE MULTON. 109 possessions, failing issue male by Emma his wife, upon Isabel Queen of England for life, with remainder to John of Eltham, the King's brother, and his heirs for ever. He was summoned to parliament from 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 13th June, 13 Edw. III. 1329, and died in 1329 without issue male, when the barony became extinct. The arms of Montalt were, Azure, a lion rampant Argent.f THOMAS DE MULTON. [PAGE 8.] Thomas de Multon succeeeded his father Thomas in the lordship of Egremont in Cumberland in 1294, and on the 26th January, 25 Edw. I. 1297, he was sum- moned among other Barons of the realm to attend a parliament, or rather per- haps a great council, at Salisbury, on Monday the feast of St. Matthew next following. In the same year, and in the 26th, 28th, and 29th Edw. I. he was commanded to attend the King with horse and arms in his wars in Scotland, and it appears was at the siege of Carlaverock, at which time he must have been about thirty-seven years of age, as he was above thirty in the 2lst Edw. I. ;S but the Poet takes no other notice of him than to describe his banner. In 1301 he was a party to the Barons' Letter to the Pope, in which he is described as " Lord of Egrcmond," and in the 1st Edw. II. he was ordered to equip himself to assist John Baron of Wygeton and Richard le Brun in defence of the counties of Lan- caster, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, against Robert le Brus, and in the 4th and 8th years of that monarch he was again engaged in the Scottish wars. This Baron, jointly with Thomas de Lucy, petitioned the King in the 9th year of his reign to be allowed certain manors which had been held by Aveline f P. 8. Cotton MSS. Culigula, A. xvii. and the seal of the Baron, a° 1301. 2F K Esch. eod. ann. 110 THOMAS DE MULTON. Countess of Albemarle, they being the coheirs of that personage, as is shewn by the following pedigree, which occurs on the rolls of parliament,1' where the pro- ceedings on the question are recorded. William Fitz Duncan.^= Alicia, his wife. William, ,s. p. Alicia, s. p. — r Amabilla. =p , i Cecilia. =p r— ' Hawyse. =p i Richard. =p Reginald, s. p. William, s. p. r Alicia. =p I -i Amabilla. =p Thomas. =p 1 ' THOMAS DE MULTON, the Claimant. Alicia, s. p. William. == William. =p i Thomas. =p I Thomas, ANTHONY DE s. p. LUCY, the Claimant. 1. John, s. 2. Thomas, 3. Wrilliam, 4. Avicia, s p. 5. AVELINA, who s. p. died seised in the s. p. reign of Edward . p. the First. On the 25th May, 10th Edw. II. 1317, he entered into covenants with the King, that John dc Multon, his son and heir, should marry Joan, daughter of Piers de Gaveston, late Earl of Cornwall, provided the children on attaining a proper age should consent. The King gave ,^1000 for her portion, to be paid to Thomas de Multon in the following manner ; 500 marks in hand, 500 at the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist next following, and 500 at the en- suing feast of St. Michael ; and it was agreed that the said Joan should receive 400 marks per annum for her jointure.1 This transaction is deserving of more attention than at a first view it would appear to merit ; for, whilst it affords evidence that Edward's regard for his favourite did not die with him, it exhibits the virtues of that . young monarch's heart in a striking manner, by providing for the orphan child of the unfortunate object of his attachment. The marriage did not however, Dugdale informs us, take effect, though he docs not state from what cause ; hut as nothing more seems to be known of this lady, she probably died in her childhood. In the 14th Edw. II. Thomas de Multon was one of the Mainpernors of Henry le Tyes in his dispute with Ralph de Gorges ; J and having been summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 15th May, 14 Edw. II. h Vol. I. p. 318-9. John de Multon, the son of this Baron, and Ade Lucy, also petitioned on the same subject in the 1st Kdw. III. Ibid. vol. II. p. 434. ' Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 331. j Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 385. V JOHN DE LANCASTER. Ill 1320, died in 1322, leaving Eleanor his wife surviving, and John, his son and heir, then a minor ; and three daughters, namely, Joan, who married Robert Fitz Walter ; Elizabeth, who was first the wife of Walter de Bermicham, and secondly of Robert de Harrington ; and Margaret, who married Thomas de Lucy, of Cockermouth. John dc Multon, the second Baron, on becoming of age, was summoned to parliament, and continued to receive simi- lar writs until his death, in 1334, without issue, when his sisters became his heirs. The arms of Multon of Egremond were, Argent, three bars Gules.k JOHN DE LANCASTER. [PAGE 8.] The surname of this individual is conjectured to have been derived from his ancestor having been governor of Lancaster castle in the reign of Henry the Second. Roger de Lancaster, his father, died in the 19th Edw. I. leaving him of full age ; and in the 22nd of Edw. I. he was summoned to attend the King with horse and arms into France. Dugdale's account of this Baron is so very short that it is here given verbatim : " In the 25th Edw. I. he was in that expedition then made into Scotland, being of the retinue of Brian Fitz Alan of Bedale in Yorkshire. In 34 Edw. I. he was again in the wars of Scotland. So likewise in 3, 4, and 8 Edw. II. More- over in 1 1 Edw. II. he was employed in guarding the marches of Scotland ; and having been summoned to parliament from [26 January] 25 Edw. I. [1296] k Page 8. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. and the seal of Thomas de Multon in 1301. 112 JOHN DE LANCASTER. until [22 Dec.] 3 Edw. II. [1309] inclusive, departed this life in 8 Edw. III. then seised (inter alia) of the manor of Rydale in Westmoreland, and of divers other lordships in that county, as also in the counties of Northumberland and Essex; leaving Richard, the son of Richard de Plaitz, his next heir, then twelve years of age." To this very little can be added. He was present at Carlaverock in 1300, and was a party to the Letter to the Pontiff in the following year,1 in which he is styled " Lord of Grisdale ;" and in the 8th Edw. II. he was involved in a suit with John de Yeland.1" It appears also that in the 18th Edw. II. he was warden of certain forfeited lands in Lancashire ; that he had been forcibly disseised of some manors in that county in the early part of the reign of Edw. III.;" that about the same time he petitioned the King and his council, representing that he was one of his " Serjeants" in the counties of Chester and Flint for Mons1'. Richard Damory, late Justice of Chester, and had taken as his wages two robes and xl-s. for one year, but that three years wages, namely six robes and ,^vi., were then due to him, of which he prayed payment.0 Upon his death without issue, in 1334, his barony be- came extinct, and though Dugdale states that Richard de Plaitz was his heir, other authorities P affirm that his nephew, John de Lancaster, son of his brother William, was his next heir male. The arms of Lancaster were, Argent, two bars Gules ; on a quarter of the Second a lion passant guardant Or.i 1 Appendix to the First Peerage Report. m Rot. Pad. vol. I. p. 344-. Ibid. p. n Ibid. vol. II. p 380. o Ibid p. 392. P Burn and Nicolson's History of Cumberland and Westmoreland, vol. I. p. 6*. q P. 8. Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. and the seal of the Baron a» 1301. 113 WILLIAM LE VAVASOUR. [PAGE 8.] William le Vavasour, though the first individual of his name who obtained baronial honors, was descended from a family of scarcely inferior rank in Yorkshire. Like many of his colleagues in arms, his deeds are rather to be inferred from the frequency with which he was summoned to the field than from any express memorial of them ; and notwithstanding that the praise bestowed upon him by the poetical historian of the Siege of Carlaverock is of a negative description, it was doubtlessly intended to convey the highest eulogium upon his prowess. It is said that he succeeded his father Johnrle Vavasour, but in what year does not appear ; hence there is no positive information as to the time of his birth. In the 18th Edw. I. he obtained a license from the King to make a castle of his manor house of Heselwode in Yorkshire, and in the 22nd Edw. I. accompanied the expedition into Gascony. In the 27th, 29th, and 32nd Edw. I. and 4th Edw. II. he was in the wars in Scotland, and at the siege of Carlaverock he served in the squadron commanded by the Earl of Lincoln, when we are assured that in arms he was neither " deaf nor dumb." On the 6th April, 33 Edw. I. he was appointed one of the Judges of Trailbaston,8 and is so described in the list of Peers who were summoned to attend a parliament at Lincoln in the octaves of St. Hillary, 33 Edw. I.1 From the 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 7th Jan. 6 Edw. II. 1313, he was regularly summoned to parliament, after which time nothing is known of him. He married Nichola, daughter of Sir Stephen le Walais, and by her had issue three sons, 1st, Sir Robert," who Kimber says was summoned to parliament in the 7th Edw. II., though the writ, tested on the 26th July in that year, was ad- r Harl. MSS. 24k5. f. 132. containing Glover's Collections, but William in Kimber's Baronetage, s Feedera, N. E. vol. I. p. 970. t Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 188 b. " Harl. MSS. 2*5. 2 G 114 JOHN DE HODELSTON. dressed to Walter le Vavasour," and died s. p. M. leaving two daughters and coheirs, Elizabeth, wife to Sir Robert Strelley, and Anne ;? 2nd, Sir Henry, ancestor of the late Baronet of Haselwood ; and 3rd, William, from whom the Vavasours of Deneby in Yorkshire are descended.2 The arms of Vavasour are, Or, a fesse dauncette Sable." JOHN DE HODELSTON. [PAGE 10.] , \ For the little information which we possess relative to this individual, we are indebted to a recent work,b professedly treating of persons who in almost every other respect appear to have enjoyed the rank of a Baron of the realm in the reign of Edward the First, excepting that they are not recorded to have been summoned to parliament. John de Hodelston was the son and heir of the John de Hodelston, who, in the 35th Hen. III., obtained a charter for a market and fair at his lordship of Milburn in the county of Cumberland. In the 24th Edw. I. he was summoned to attend a great council at Newcastle upon Tyne, and on the 26th of September, 26 Edw. I. was ordered to attend the King at Carlisle with horse and arms, in the record of which he is called a Baron.x From the preceding Poem it is manifest that he attended the Earl of Lincoln at the siege of Carlaverock, but no particular description is there given of his person or merits. He was a party Appendix to the First Peerage Report. y Harl. MSS. 245. Kimber's Baronetage, vol. I. p. 335. P. 8 ; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and several drawings of seals in Harl. MSS. 245, passim. Banks' Stemmata Anglicana, under the division of" Barones Rejecti." ROBERT FITZ ROGER. 115 to the Letter from the Barons to Pope Boniface in 1301, in which he is styled " Lord of Ancys," which was in the lord- ship of Milburn before mentioned. In the 30th Edw. I. he obtained a license for a free warren in his demesnes at Mil- burn, and at Whittington and Holme in Lancashire, about which time he probably died, without issue. The arms of Hodelston were, Gules, fretty Argent.d ROBERT FITZ ROGER. [PAGE 10.] This Baron succeeded his father, Roger Fitz John, in his barony about Whit- suntide in 1 249, at which time he was very young. He was committed to the wardship of William de Valence, the King's uterine brother, notwithstanding that Ada de Baillol, his mother, offered one thousand two hundred marks to be allowed the custody of him, a circumstance which affords ample proof of the great extent of his possessions. Nothing further appears to be known of him until the 6th Edw. 1. 1277, when he entered into covenants with Robert de Tibetot, that John, his son and heir, should marry Hawise, the daughter of the said Robert, before the quindesme of St. Martin in the same year ; and that he would endow her upon her wedding day at the church door with lands to the value of ^100 per annum, her portion being 600 marks. In the 19th Edw. I. he obtained a grant of several markets and fairs in his different manors. In the 22nd Edw. I. he was summoned to attend the King into Gascony, and in the 24th, 25th, and 26th Edw. I. was or- dered to serve in the wars of Scotland. In the year last mentioned, he was pre- sent at the battle of Falkirk, being then in the retinue of Roger Bigot, Earl of Norfolk. P. 8 ; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of the Baron in 1301. 116 ROBERT FITZ ROGER. By writ tested on the 30th Dec. 25 Edw. I. this Baron was commanded to attend the marriage of the Count of Holland with Elizabeth, the King's daughter, at Ipswich on Monday in the morrow of the Epiphany next following/ and in the 27th Edw. I. he was joined in a commission with other northern Barons to fortify the King's castles in Scotland, and also for the defence of the Marches, in consequence of which services he had respite for the payment of such debts as he owed to the King. In the 28th, 29th, and 34th Edw. I. he was also engaged in the Scottish war, and, to use Dugdale's own words, " This Robert likewise, and John his son (called John de Clavering by the appointment of King Edward the First), were at that notable siege of Kaer- laverock in Scotland ;" but though his name and arms are noticed by the Poet, no particular circumstance relating to him is stated. He was at that time about fifty years of age, and in the following year was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope, in which he is styled " Lord of Clavering," but he does not appear to have affixed his seal to that important document.? Robert Fitz Roger was summoned to parliament from the 2ndNoy. 23 Edw. I. 1295, to the 16th June, 4 Edw. II. 1311, about which year he died ; leaving, by his wife, Margery le Zouche, John his son and heir, then aged forty-four years, who will form the subject of the next article. The arms of Fitz Roger were, quarterly, Or and Gules, a bend Sable. h f Fcedera, N. E. vol. I. part ii. p. 850. '> P. 8; and Caligula, A. xvii. S Appendix to the First Peerage Report. 117 JOHN DE CLAVERING. [PAGE 10.] f The most remarkable circumstance connected with this individual was, that he and his brothers abandoned the mode by which their ancestors distinguished themselves, according to which they would have been called " Fitz Roger," and adopted the distinct surname of " Clavering," which was evidently derived from their father's principal lordship in Essex. This assumption Dugdale, upon the authority of some ancient rolls which belonged to Sir William le Neve, asserts was made by the appointment of the King. At the time of his father's death he was, as has just been stated, forty-four years of age, and had been summoned to parliament from the year 1299. In con- sideration of the services which he had rendered the King, he obtained a pardon in the 25th Edw. I. " for all his debts due unto the Exchequer, as also for the scutagc then due from himself." He was in Gascony in the 22nd, and in the wars of Scotland in the 26th, 28th, 31st, and 34th Edw. I. and in the 4th and 6th Edw. II., and, as the Poet informs us, was present at the siege of Car- laverock, in the first squadron commanded by the Earl of Lincoln, being then about thirty-three years old. In the 6th Edw. II. he was taken prisoner at the battle of Strivelyn, or Stirling, but he was released very soon afterwards, for in the 8th Edw. II. he was excused from attending parliament, being ordered to serve with horse and arms against the Scots,1 and in the 9th and 12th of Edw. II. he was again engaged in the wars of Scotland. He is recorded in the 8th Edw. II. to have held view of frank pledge in the manors of Thurgerton and Warton,k and to have been appointed, on the 19th January, 14 Edw. II. with several other peers, to treat for peace with Robert de Brus.1 By writ tested on the 30th April in the same year, he was commanded to furnish his castle of Wcrk with men at arms, victuals, and all other necessaries for its defence against the Scots,m » Fuedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 260. k Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 299 1 Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 441. m Ibid. p. 627. 2H JOHN DE CLAVERING. which castle, it appears from a petition of Henry Percy in 1331, he held for his life." In the 4th Edw. III. 1330, he exhibited a petition, complaining that John Payne of Dunwich, and others of that place, had carried away five ships, a boat, and goods and chattels belonging to him at Waldcrswyke to the value of <^?300, and that they had assaulted his men and servants, and beaten, wounded, and im- prisoned them, through which he had been deprived of their services for a long time, at a loss to him of ^1000, which " horrible trespass" he prayed that cer- tain justices might be appointed to hear and determine.0 It seems that John de Clavering was frequently involved in some dispute with the inhabitants of Dunwich, for in that year they petitioned parliament against his bill to establish a market at Blisburgh, which was not above two leagues from Dunwich, in prejudice of their franchise, and to the impoverishment of the said town.P He also petitioned the same parliament to be restored to the possession of certain manors, which were held of him by Robert Thorp, by knight's service.^ The active and useful life of this Baron then drew near its close. Towards the latter part of the reign of Edward the First, being without male issue, he conveyed the greater part of his lands to Stephen de Trafford, with the intention that he should reconvey some part of them to him for life, with re- mainder to that monarch and his heirs, and the other part to him and his wife Hawyse during their respective lives, in consideration of which grant the King settled several manors upon him for his life. He was summoned to parliament from the 10th April, 28 Edw. I. 1299, to the 20th November, 5 Edw. III. 1331; and died in the following year, aged about sixty-four, and was buried in the quire of the conventual church of Langley. By his wife Hawyse, daughter of Robert de Tibetot, to whom, as is stated in the account of his father, he was married in 1278, he left issue Eve, his daughter and heiress, who was born about the year 1305, and married, first, Thomas de Audley, who died s. p. 1 Edw. II. 1307 ; secondly, on the 9th March, 1309, Ralph deUftbrd; and, thirdly, Robert Benhale, whose wife she was in 1342. She died 43 Edw. III. 1369, and from the inquisitiones post mortem held on her decease, it would appear that she had no issue.1 " Rot. Parl. vol. III. p. 63 a. o Ibid. vol. II. p. 33. p Ibid. p. 44. q Ibid. p. 59. <• Mr. Townsend's MS. Collections for Dugdale's Baronage. HUMPHREY DE BOHUN. The male line of Clavering still exists in the person of Sir Thomas John Clavering, Bart, who is said to be lineally descended from Sir Alan Clavering, a younger brother of the subject of this notice. The arms borne by this Baron in his father's life-time were, quarterly, Or and Gules, a bend Sable, with a label Vert;* but after his father's death he probably omitted the label. HUMPHREY DE BOHUN, EARL OF HEREFORD AND ESSEX, AND CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND. [PAGE 10.] By birth, titles, possessions, and alliance, this nobleman was perhaps the most distinguished of his age ; to which advantages he united, at the period when the Poet commemorates him, and which he particularly notices, that of youth, being then not more than twenty-five years of age. He succeeded his father Humphrey, Earl of Hereford and Essex, and Con- stable of England, in his honors in 1298, and being of full age, did homage and obtained livery of his lands. Excepting that he was included in the usual writs to parliament, and to attend the King in his wars, the first circumstance recorded of him, after his accession to his father's earldoms, was his presence at the siege of Carlaverock, on which occasion he executed his hereditary office of Constable, and when he is described as being " young, rich, and elegant." In the following year he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pontiff; and in the 30th Edw. I. it was determined that he should marry Elizabeth Plantagcnet, widow of the Count of Holland, and seventh daughter of the King, for on the 4th August, 1302, the Pope granted a dispensation for their union, they being related within * Page 8, and Caligula, A. xvii. 120 HUMPHREY DE BOHUN. the third and fourth degrees of consanguinity. The grounds for this alliance, as stated in that document, were, that there had been great dissention between the King and the Earl's father, and that by the proposed marriage the peace and tran- quillity of the realm would be effected.* Soon after that event took place, the Earl surrendered his earldoms, together with his office of Constable of England, and all his lordships, into the King's hands, which were regranted to him and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten; failing which, after the death of himself and his wife, it was covenanted that certain lordships, with the Constablcship of Eng- land, should remain to the King and his heirs for ever, and that the manors therein mentioned should revert to his right heirs. In the 33rd Edw. I. the Earl of Hereford was appointed to treat on the affairs of Scotland," and in the ensuing year the King granted to him and his wife Eliza- beth, in tail, the whole territory of Annandale in Scotland ; but in the 35th Edw. I. he incurred the royal displeasure for having left the Scottish wars without license, and only obtained a pardon by the solicitations of the Queen, his mother-in-law. Upon the accession of Edward the Second, he joined several Earls and Barons in an agreement, dated at Bologne, 31st January, 1 Edw. II. 1308, to defend the King's person and the rights of his crown ; and by writ tested on the 22nd of January in that year, the Countess his consort was commanded to attend at Dover to receive the King and Queen upon their return from France." At the coronation of that monarch the Earl of Hereford carried the sceptre which had a cross on the top ;? and in the next year he was in the expedition into Scotland, and was one of the peers who conspired with the Earl of Lancaster to destroy Piers de Gaveston. To Dugdale's account of the Earl from this time until the 8th Edw. II. nothing can be added, and that eminent writer's words are therefore given verbatim : " In 3 Edw. II. he was the principal person sent by the King from York with a sufficient strength for guarding the Marches of Scotland ; and in 5 Edw. II. had restitution of the Constableship of England, which the King had for some rea- sons seized into his own hands. Furthermore in 6 Edw. II. he was the chief person in a commission to continue a treaty begun at Markgate, with Lodovick t Fcedera, N. E. vol. I. p. 941. u Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 267 a. * Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 31. y Ibid. p. 36. HUMPHREY DE BOHUN. 121 Earl of Evreux, the Bishop of Poitou, and others, concerning certain matters of great moment touching the King himself and some of the great noblemen of England, which treaty was to continue at London, but neither the commissioners nor their retinue were to lodge in the city. But after this, in 7 Edw. II., being in that fatal battle of Strivling in Scotland, and the English army routed, he was taken prisoner in the flight near to the castle of Botheville, yet had his liberty soon after by exchange for the wife of Robert de Brus, who had been long cap- tive in England. In 8 Edw. II. he was with the Earl of Lancaster and others of his party at the beheading of Piers Gaveston near Warwick. In 9 Edw. II. he was again in Scotland." At the parliament which met at Lancaster in the quindecim of St. Hillary, in the 8th Edw. II. 1315, he delivered the King's answer to the petition of the Bishops,2 and was one of the Peers appointed in that year to regulate the King's household;* and in 1322 he was charged by Amice, widow of Sir Richard Fitz Simond, with champarty, in behalf of Simond, the son of Richard, valet to the Earl.b The other circumstances recorded of this personage arc not of much im- portance, excepting that he was in the wars of Scotland in the 12th and 13th Edw. II. ; that on the 19th Jan. 14 Edw. II. he was joined in a commission with several other peers to negotiate on the subject of a peace with Robert Bruce ;c and that in the same year the King having been informed that he was levying forces against Hugh le Spencer the younger, sent him a peremptory command to forbear. This he not only disobeyed, but joined the Earl of Lancaster in his rebellion, to whom he most faithfully adhered, and having forced the King to assent to their wishes, Hereford published the edict for the banishment of the Dcspencers in Westminster Hall. In the reverse of fortune which soon attended the Earl of Lancaster's party the Earl of Hereford lost his life. He was slain at the battle of Borough- bridge in Yorkshire on the 16th March, 1322, in the attempt to pass over the bridge, by a soldier who was beneath it running a lance through his body, and thus escaped the disgraceful fate which awaited his treasonable conduct. This powerful nobleman, who at the time of his death was scarcely above * Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 350. » Ibid. p. 443. b Ibid. p. 398. c Feedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 441. 2i 122 NICHOLAS DE SEGRAVE. forty-five years of age, was buried in the Friars Preachers at York. By the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward the First, he had issue six sons and four daughters ; Humphrey, who died young ; John, his son and heir, and the inheritor of his dignities ; Humphrey, who succeeded his brother in all his honors ; Edward, who obtained a grant of several lordships from Edward the Third in 1331 ; William, afterwards created Earl of Northampton ; and ^Eneas, of whom nothing is known. The daughters were, Margaret, who died young ; Eleanor, who married, first, James Boteler, Earl of Ormond,c and, secondly, Thomas Baron Dagworth,c and died in the 37th Edw. III. ;c Margaret, the wife of Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devon ; and Isabel, who died in her childhood. The arms of Bohun Earls of Hereford were, Azure, a bend Argent, cotised Or, between six lions rampant of the Second.d NICHOLAS DE SEGRAVE. [PAGE 12.] The large space which is appropriated by the Poet to Nicholas de Segrave and his elder brother John, is not more than commensurate with that which they fill in the history of their times, and there are consequently ample materials for their biography : but a minute account of their actions would be little short of a chronicle of the greater part of the reigns in which they lived, for almost every thing like individual character is lost, and though we may know that they filled certain offices, or were present on particular occasions, none of those interesting facts are recorded which afford to personal history its greatest, if not its only, interest. Esch. 37 Edw. III. No. 24. d p. IQ. Caligula, A. xvii. and the Earl's seal, a<> 1301. NICHOLAS DE SEGRAVE. 123 Nicholas de Segrave, the father of these Barons, died in the 23rd Edw. I., leaving, as the Poem truly states, five sons ; John, the eldest, who was then thirty-nine years of age, will he spoken of hereafter ; Simon, who for " diverse trespasses and offences" was in prison in the 35th Edw. I. ; Nicholas, the sub- ject of this article ; Henry, and Geoffrey, both of whom were living and of full age in the 35th Edw. I.e In the 22nd Edw. I. Nicholas de Segrave was in the King's service in Gas- cony ; and in the 26th and following years he was in the wars of Scotland, and was present at the battle of Falkirk. At the siege of Carlaverock, in June, 1300, he served in the squadron led by the Earl of Lincoln, at which time he must have been above thirty years of age, and when, we are informed, the qualities of his heart were only equalled by the beauty of his person. In the following year, by the description of " Lord of Stowe," he was a party to the Letter to the Pope, though his seal was not attached to that document ; and in the 33rd Edw. I. this Baron, whom Matthew of Westminster calls one of the most worthy knights in the realm, being accused by Sir John de Cromwell of treason, he, in accordance with the manners of the age, challenged his defamer to personal combat. This affair occupies several pages of the Rolls of Parliament/ but the brief narrative of the contemporary writer just cited, together with a few facts from those records, will afford a sufficient account of the transaction. Not being allowed to fight his accuser in England, Segrave quitted the realm without license to pursue him, and attempted to embark at Dover, but being prevented by Robert de Burghersh, the Constable of that Castle, he proceeded to another sea-port, from which he crossed the sea. His departure gave great offence to the King, and upon his return shortly afterwards, he was arrested at Dover, and brought to trial. He submitted himself to Edward's mercy, and whilst the Judges were deliberating upon his sentence he was committed to the Tower. " After three days consultation," according to the Chronicler, " the Judges declared that he de- served death, and that all his goods should be forfeited, yet that in consideration of his noble descent, and also because he did not go out of England from any offence to the King, but to be revenged on his adversary, they thought that his Majesty would do well to pardon him ; to whom the King answered, ' It is in my power to extend mercy as I please. Who hath ever submitted to my e Mr. Townsend's MS. Collections for Dugdale. f Vol. I. pp. 172 to 174. 124 NICHOLAS DE SEGRAVE. clemency and suffered for it ? Let your sentence be recorded in writing and it shall stand for law.' Whereupon he was committed to prison for a terror to other offenders in the like kind, but after a few days, divers of the nobility interceding for him, and thirty of his peers also, girt with swords, offering to be bound body and goods that he should be forthcoming whensoever the King should require, he was set at liberty and restored to his possessions." The account on the Rolls of Parliament differs but slightly in effect from this narrative, for it states that the King, moved by pity, and preferring the life to the death of those who submitted to his mercy, granted him life and limb, and ordered him to find seven good sureties that he would surrender himself to prison at the King's commands, and give up all his goods whenever his Majesty should require them. In the 34th Edw. I. he was again summoned to attend the King, with horse and arms, against Robert Brus ; and after the accession of Edward the Second he advanced rapidly in honors, for in the 1st year of that monarch's reign he was appointed governor of the castle of Northampton, and on the 12th of March in the same year was constituted Marshal of England. That appointment gave offence to William le Marshall, who considered him- self possessed of an hereditary claim to the office, and the dispute between Segrave and himself was of so serious a description, and was to have been attended with so much violence, that four years afterwards the King was obliged to issue a precept to Segrave, dated on the 20th of July, 1312, in which, after stating that he had been informed of a quarrel between Marshall and himself, and that he intended to come to the next parliament with armed followers, he commanded him not to attend with weapons or in any other manner than had been usual in the time of King Edward the First, s This Baron was summoned to parliament from the 24th June, 23 Edw. I. 1295, to the 25th May, 14 Edw. II. 1321, and died in 1322, leaving by Alice, daughter of Geoffrey de Armenters, who survived him, and married, secondly, Sir Gerard Lisle,11 Maud, his daughter and heiress, then the wife of Edmund de Bohun, and thirty years of age. The arms of Nicholas de Segrave are not described in the Poem in a suffi- ciently explicit manner, and Glover's construction of that account of them seems slightly erroneous ; for, in the Cottonian MS. so frequently cited, they e Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 140. h Baker's History of Northamptonshire. NICHOLAS DE SEGRAVE. 125 are thus blazoned, " De Sable, a un lion ranip;mt de Argent, corone de Or, a un label de Goulcs." The fact mentioned in the Poem, of his father having relinquished the garbs and adopted the lion, is particularly curious, for it esta- blishes a point which hitherto only rested on conjecture ; and still more, because it shows the great accuracy of the Poet's statements. In some remarks on the seals attached to the Barons' Letter to the Pope, in the Archaeologia,' the fol- lowing passage occurs on the seal of John de Segrave, which is introduced here rather than in the account of that Baron, to prevent a recurrence to the subject. " The arms on the seal of John de Segrave, are a lion rampant, crowned ; and on each side of the shield is a garb. This circumstance requires attention, because Burton in his History of Leicestershire, in which he has been followed by a late writer,k states that the ancient arms of Segrave were, Sable, three garbs Argent, banded Gules ; but that they afterwards assumed, Sable, a lion rampant Argent, • crowned Or. It is manifest from the seal of this Baron that Burton's statement was not entirely without foundation, though, unless by the words ' ancient arms' he meant anterior to the reign of Edward the First, it is certain that the arms of that family were what they afterwards bore, but that the garb was introduced on their seals, possibly as an ornament or device. From this and similar devices it is very likely that the subsequent usage of cognizances owed its source." The notice in the Roll of Carlaverock of the garbs and the lion is then alluded to; and it may now be added, that the placing charges on the exterior of the shield on seals approached much nearer to the sub- sequent system of quartering arms, and seems often to have been adopted from a similar principle, namely, of perpetuating a descent from the family of a maternal ancestor. i Vol. XXI. p. 211. Banks' Dormant and Extinct Peerage. 126 JOHN DE SEGRAVE. [PAGE 13.] As is stated in the preceding article, this eminent Baron, who for nearly half a century was constantly in his country's service, and occasionally filled the highest and most important stations, was the eldest son of Nicholas Baron Segrave ; and at his father's death in the 23rd Edw. I. was thirty-nine years of age. In the 54th Hen. III. he married Christian, daughter of Hugh de Plessets, Knight, and at the same time his sister Amabil became the wife of his brother- in-law, Sir John de Plessets. Soon after the accession of Edward the First he was engaged in the wars of Scotland, and in the 13th Edw. I. he attended the King in his expedition into Wales. In the 19th Edw. I. he was with his father in the Scottish wars, and in the 24th Edw. I. executed the office of Constable of the English army. Dugdale asserts that in the 25th Edw. I. John de Segrave was by indenture re- tained to serve Roger le Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal, with six Knights, including himself, as well in peace as war, for the term of his whole life, in Eng- land, Wales, and Scotland, with the following retinue : in time of peace with six horses, so long as the Earl should think fit, taking bouche of court for himself and six knights ; and for his esquires hay and oats, together with livery for six more horses, and wages for six grooms and their horses ; he was also to receive two robes for himself, as for a Banneret, yearly, as well in peace as in war, with the same robes for each of his five knights, and two robes annually for his other bachelors : in war he was bound to bring with him his five knights and twenty horses, in consideration of which he was to receive for himself and his company, with all the said horses, xls. per diem ; but if he should bring no more than six horses, then xxij s. per diem. It was further agreed that the horses should be valued, in order that proper allowance might be made in case any of them should happen to be lost in the service ; and for the performance of this agree- ment he had a grant from the Earl of the manor of Lodene in Norfolk. The preceding document has been cited nearly in Dugdale's own words, be- cause at the same time that it affords much information with respect to the retinue JOHN DE SEGRAVE. 127 by which Segrave was attended to the field, it proves that he was intimately con- nected with the Earl Marshal, which tends to explain his having in the same year, namely on the 12th August, 25 Edw. I. 1297, been appointed by the Earl to appear in his name before the King, in obedience to a precept directed to him and the Constable, commanding them to attend him on the subject of a body of armed men which had assembled in London. The record states that on the appointed day the Earl of Hereford as Constable, and " Monsr John de Segrave, qui excusa le Comte Mareschal par maladie," came accordingly.1 In the 25th Edw. I. this Baron was also summoned to accompany the King beyond the sea, and afterwards at Newcastle upon Tyne, with horse and arms ; and in the next year was present when the English army gained the victory of Falkirk. In the 28th Edw. I. he was again summoned to serve in the wars of Scotland, in which year, when he must have been about forty-five years old, he was at the siege of Carlaverock. The account given of him by the Poet, that he performed the Earl Marshal's duties upon that occasion, because that nobleman was prevented from attending, is not only strongly corroborated by the preceding statement of his having acted as deputy of the Earl Marshal in the year 1297, but also by the following extract from Peter de Langloft's Chronicle, when speaking of the expedition into Scotland in 1300 : after JitdcjttmerV tide, rtjorgij comon ordinance, $0 lenger guld tljci bide, bot forti) and s'tanD to cfjanre, Borrei£ and Aurrete, tljat gertoire aufjt tlje fting, Ijorg and IjarnctiS at Carlele triad .Samnjing ; &lt .Biarjirballe iSogcrc no jjele tjjat tmne mot fjabe, Sje toent toit!) ty* banere /Sir 3!°n fy* £egrabe, €o do alle rtje gertrice tijat longed dje office tilfe, End maimtend alle tty yri?t, tjjer {je j»au!j latoe and After Carlaverock Castle surrendered, Segrave's banner, from his having acted as Marshal during the siege, was displayed on its battlements, together with those of the King, of St. Edward, and St. Edmund, of the Earl of Hereford as Con- stable, and of Robert de Clifford, apparently because he was appointed governor of it, a fact which will be more fully alluded to in the notes ; but, excepting an 1 Foedera N. E. vol. I. p. 872. m p. 309. 128 JOHN DE 'SEGRAVE. occasional notice that " the Marshal" had performed the usual duties incidental to that office, Segrave is not again spoken of in the Poem. In the 30th of Edw. I. he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope, in which he is styled "John Lord of Segrave ;"n and about that time was appointed Governor of Ber- wick, and Warden of Scotland. In the same year, whilst riding out of Berwick with a small escort, he was surprised by an ambuscade of the Scots, wounded, and taken prisoner ; which event is thus noticed by Langtoft : men in ^cotfano toitl) Che &egrabe might not £tan&, &it 3on tofe tlje gap $i# £onne anD hi£ brother of beDDe al£ thei toofce, 3nD jSijrteene ftnpghtejJ other the £cotteg alle them to&e.° His captivity was however, it appears, of short duration, for on Edward's return to England, Segrave was left as his Lieutenant of Scotland. At different periods during the reign of Edward the First he obtained grants of free warren and other privileges in several of his manors, and possessed that elevated place in his sovereign's confidence and esteem which his long and zealous services so justly merited. Nor was he less distinguished by his successor, for soon after the accession of Edward the Second he was constituted Governor of Nottingham Castle, which had belonged to Piers de Gaveston, and was like- wise appointed to his situation of Justice of the Forests beyond the Trent, and Keeper of all the rolls thereto belonging ;P but he resigned these offices in the following year, when they were conferred upon Henry de Percy .1 In the 2nd Edw. II. he was again appointed Warden of Scotland ; in the 6th Edw. II. he was taken prisoner at the battle of Bannockburn, and about twelve months afterwards Thomas de Moram and several other Scots, then prisoners in the Tower of London, were delivered to Stephen de Segrave, son and heir of the Baron, to be exchanged for him. In the 8th Edw. II. commissioners were appointed to hear and determine all disputes relative to the taking up of carriages by him or his agent, in consequence of his offices of Keeper of the Forests beyond the n Appendix to the First Peerage Report. ° P. 319. P Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 116, 117, a<> 4* Edw. II. but Dugdale says he was appointed to these offices as early as the^r.rf Edw. II. q Ibid. p. 163. JOHN DE SEGRAVE. 129 Trent, and of the Castles of Nottingham and Derby.' He was summoned upon several occasions to serve in the Scottish wars during the early part of the reign of Edw. II., and to parliament from the 26th Aug. 4 Edw. I. 1296, to the 6th May, 18 Edw. II. 1325. In the 10th Edw. II. in recompense of his great services, and of his imprisonment in Scotland, he received a grant of ^1000, but what was then due to the crown for money received by him from the time of his appointment of Warden of the Forests beyond the Trent and Governor of Nottingham Castle, was to be deducted from that sum.8 The tide of royal favour at last turned, and he accidentally fell a victim to the displeasure of his sovereign. Having, in 1325, excited Edward's anger by the escape of Roger Lord Mortimer from the Tower, he sent Segrave and the Earl of Kent into Gascony, under the pretence of defending that pro- vince, where he was attacked with a disease then prevalent there, of which he shortly afterwards died, aged about seventy years, leaving John de Segrave, his grandson, son of his eldest son Stephen, who died in his life-time, his heir. The preceding unadorned narrative of John de Segrave's services forms a splendid monument of his fame : for, whilst the impossibility of colouring the biography of his contemporaries with meretricious ornaments of language is strongly felt when their actions are few or obscure, the absence of such assistance tends to the advantage of those who need no other eulogy than the simple record of the occasions upon which they were present in the field, or were selected to execute high and important duties. John de Segrave, the next Baron, added to the honors of his ancestors in an un- precedented manner, by marrying Margaret, the daughter and heiress of Thomas de Brotherton, Marshal of England, younger son of King Edward the First. r Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 325 a. s Dugdale appears to have fallen into an error with respect to this grant, for he says that the same sum, and with precisely the same object, was given to this Baron both in the 9th Edw. I. and 10th Edw. II. which is not only unlikely, but is rendered still more improbable by his stating, upon the authority of Glover's Collections, that he was also Constable of Nottingham Castle and Warden of the Forests beyond the Trent in the 9th Edw. I. both of which offices, it is certain, were conferred upon Segrave after the disgrace of Piers de Gaveston. The mistake probably arose from the accidental insertion of 9 Edw. I. for 9 Edw. II. and under this impression all which is said by that eminent writer to have taken place on the subject in the former, is asserted in the text to have occurred in the latter, of those years. 2L 130 JOHN EARL WARREN. Through the marriage of Elizabeth, their daughter and heir- ess, with John Lord Mowbray, that family attained the Mar- shalship of England. The present representatives of John Baron Segrave, the subject of this article, are the Lords Stourton and Petre, and the Earl of Berkeley. The arms of John de Segrave were, Sable, a lion rampant Argent, crowned Or.1 JOHN EARL WARREN. [PAGE 14.] To do justice to the services of this powerful nobleman and distinguished soldier, would require a volume instead of the short space which can be allowed to each of the individuals mentioned in the Poem ; and consequently only the most important events in his long career can be noticed." John Earl of Warren and Surrey, was the son of William Earl of Warren and Surrey, by his second wife, Maud, widow of Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, and sister and coheiress of Anselm Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. In 1240, being then five years of age,v he succeeded his father in his dignities; in 1247 he married Alice, daughter of Hugh le Brun, Count of March, and uterine sister of King Henry the Third ; and in the following year, though he could not have been above thirteen years of age, he is said to have attended the parliament which met at London in the octaves of the Purification. During the reign of Henry the Third he is stated to have filled those stations which from his high rank naturally devolved upon him, and at the battle of Lewes he served in the van of the royal army with Prince Edward ; but, together with the Earl of Pembroke, * P. 10; Caligula, A. xvii; and the seal of this Baron, a<> 1301. See the preceding article. u A memoir of greater length will be found in Horsfield's Hist, of Lewes,_4to. 1824, pp. 126-132. v Watson's History of the Earls of Warren and Surrey. JOHN EARL WARREN. disgracefully deserted him at the commencement of the action, and fled first to Pevcnsey Castle, and from thence to France. Their flight is thus quaintly alluded to by Peter de Langtoft : x i£rle o£ BDarenne, 3 tootc, Ije £capcD otocr tljc .s'c, 2no &ir tjugj) 23igote al$ toitf) tbe <3rle flea fa. In May following he returned, and claimed the restitution of his possessions, which, notwithstanding his treachery to the Prince, the rebellious Barons had declared to have been forfeited. The refusal of his demand induced him once more to change sides, and he confederated with the Earl of Gloucester for the restoration of the King's power, and was present with the royal forces at the battle of Evcsham. Thus his interest rather than his honor seems to have been his sole rule of action, and unfortunately such conduct was then far too general to entail upon those who adopted it either punishment or reproach. In 1268 he had a dispute with Henry Earl of Lincoln, which has been already noticed in the account of that personage, and about the same time became involved in a serious affray with Alan Lord Zouchc relative to some lands. This affair was attended with great violence, for, finding that he must submit to the judgment of a court of law, he abused his adversary and his son in the strongest terms, and then assaulted them in such an outrageous manner in Westminster Hall, that he nearly killed the Baron, and severely wounded his son. Neither his power nor influence could save the Earl from the vengeance of the laws he had so fla- grantly violated, and, though he retired to his castle at Ryegate, he was closely pursued by Prince Edward with a strong force, and finding that opposition would be useless, he met the Prince on foot, and implored the royal clemency with great humility. For his offence he was fined ten thousand marks ; but this sum was afterwards reduced to eight thousand four hundred, and he was permitted to pay it by annual instalments of two hundred marks each. Of this transaction Robert of Gloucester' gives the following curious account, but he erroneously states that it occurred in 1270, and that Lord le Zouche was slain by the Earl : &utljt!be tjjsr toag at 3lonDone a lute Distance, it]) tocne, "Jn per of ©race tutlf })un&rcD anD ?ij:ti anD tent, * Vol. I. p. 218. >• Ed. Hearne, p. 570. 132 JOHN EARL WARREN. &o tijat tije <£rl o£ JDaretnc islou attc terete touclje, 2?itoore tfje ^tijiti^c^ atte bendje, Sir aiein tie la &tng toa£ tijer of anuio toor tlje grete toou <2rle ijaDDc £0 gret Ijelp tljat fyt o£ £capcDe toel inou rtje &onenoai aEter Hamate bibore dje liing Jje com at IDindje^tre, as! him toa£ i£et, to atontje i^ Dom, n liitae anD tuenti fenijjljte^ tfcun o£ ^uorc ti]ct e ne Du&e it bor non buel nc malice fais'pete cr, j^e in no De^pit o£ tlje fting ; and tor I?e pef tfie fting tuelf IjunDrea marc, anD ip Immediately after the solemnization of the funeral of Henry the Third at Westminster., the Earl of Warren and the Earl of Gloucester proceeded to the high altar, and swore fealty to his son and successor King Edward the First. In the 3rd Edw I. he received that monarch at his castle of Ryegate in so honorable a manner upon his return from Gascony, that Edward was induced to remit him one thousand marks of the sum which he had been fined for the affair with Lord le Zouche. The next circumstance recorded of the Earl is one in which that proud and sturdy spirit for which he was celebrated, was displayed in a manner so con- sonant to the feelings of the present day, that this nobleman has always been a favourite character in English biography, and the pencil was on one occasion successfully employed to perpetuate his independent conduct. After the enact- ment of the statute of quo warranto, the Earl of Warren was, under its provisions, questioned by what title he held his lands ; to which inquiry, first unsheathing an old sword, he is said to have replied, " Behold, my Lords, here is my war- ranty ; my ancestors coming into this land with William the Bastard did obtain their lands by the sword, and with the sword I am resolved to defend them against whomsoever that shall endeavour to dispossess me. For that King did not himself conquer the land and subdue it, but our progenitors were sharers and assistants therein." In the 23rd Edw. I. the castle of Bamburgh was entrusted to his custody, and in the 24th Edw. I. he commanded the forces sent to reduce Dunbar Castle, which, after a siege of three days, surrendered to him ; and having met the Scotch army which came to its relief, he defeated them on Friday, the 27th JOHN DE WARREN. 133 April, and pursued them several miles from the field of battle, when the eneim sustained a loss of above 10,000 men.z Soon after this event the Earl was ap- pointed Regent of Scotland, and in the following year was constituted General of all the English forces north of the Trent. But his previous good fortune now deserted him, and his army sustained a signal overthrow at the battle of Stir- ling, in September, 1297. Of that event one of the Chroniclers before cited gives the following account : of JBarenne t£ fye IDaletg gan brenne, an o?te fcc gaDreD goDe, iln& toent to ;f>trrt)eljine agajm IDaleig IBilliam, 25ot tbe <£rle toitb mph.lle ppne Otfconfite atoap nam. 3nD tbat toa£ btf folie, go long in bte heD gan Iigge, ftntil t\)t JDalti.s partie bad umbilaio tjbe brigge. IDitl] gatcloftc^ anD Darte.d jJuilh ore toajS non jSene, no man t^am Ocparte, ne riDe ne go bituene. fir^t t!)am tauJjt, Jboto tljei oiD faioc hirfie. gate tbe brigge Ije raui)t, of nou|)t our men toere irfie. fyt «erte jjerb gap, tlje brigge Ijoto IDiIliam tofte, in* OouteD to Die tjjat bap, tljat faataile |)C for.sohc. 5(ng[ig toere alle jSlapn, tl)e /t>rotti^ bar tjjem toele, IDalci.ti ba& tfje toajin, at^ maijStere of tljat egdjele. 3t tJjrst ilh .stoiirc toa.s glann on our side ODD men of Ijonour tij.u inaio to tijc bataile biDe.a His misfortune did not however lessen him in Edward's esteem, for he was im- mediately afterwards re-appointed to the command of the English forces, and in the 28th Edw. I. was made Governor of Hope Castle in the county of Derby. In that year also he commanded the second squadron at the siege of Carlaverock, at which time he must have been about sixty-five years of age, but the Poet merely says of him that he was well suited to be the leader of honorable men. In the 29th Edw. I. the Earl was appointed, jointly with the Earl of Warwick * MS. printed in the Archaeologia, vol. XXI. p. 49- a Peter of Langtoft, ed. Ilearne, vol. II. p. 297. 2M 134 JOHN EARL WARREN. and others, to treat with the agents of the King of France relative to a peace between England and Scotland ; and in the same year he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to Pope Boniface VIII., in which he is only styled " Comes Warennc," though on his seal he is also properly called Earl of Surrey.b On the 5th calends of October, 32 Edw. I. i. e. 27 September, 1304, being then, according to Peter de Langtoft,0 employed in Scotland, he died. monetti of September poloen toasi map remembre the tratoaille anD tlje ppn. manp grcte encumbre of in tiacD £toure at 2jru£twicfe opon ^umbre tfjere tie ma& ^ojoure. &ir Sinn of HDarenne that ilft tpme 0an oeie, ^i^ bobp toa^ re&p tfjen in grabe for to Icie. after tlje entennent tlje fting toh Jji# toap, Co the ^>outh, qtc. But according to the registry of the Priory of Lewes, the Earl died on that day at Kennington, having, says Dugdale, been Earl of Surrey no less than fifty-four years, though, as he succeeded his father in 1240, it is evident that he must have borne that title sixty-four years. He was buried in the midst of the pavement in the quire of the abbey of Lewes before the high altar, and the following epi- taph was engraved upon his tomb : £ qe pa&se? ob boucbe clos'e pur celp fee cp repose : •j£n irie come ijou£ e£t$ ja&ijS fu, €t bong tiel ferret? come je £u. 3Johan Count Oe <5arcpn gn^t gen, ©ieu De £a alme eit mercp : ftp pur j»a aime pricra, 5L'roi? milt jouc^ Oe par&on abcra. b See some remarks upon the titles and surname of this Earl in the Archaeologia, vol. XXI. pp. 195, 196. c p. 327. JOHN EARL WARREN 135 Of the subject of this article, but little that is favorable to his memory can be said ; though his faults, or more properly his vices, were those of the age in which he lived. His treachery at the battle of Lewes has, to apply the beautiful expression of a distinguished statesman of the present day, " left indelible stains upon his character which all the laurels of" Dunbar " cannot cover, nor its blood wash away ;" whilst his subsequent conduct was invariably marked by a turbulent and intractable spirit. Not only was he frequently embroiled in dis- putes both with his compeers and his sovereign, but, with almost unparalleled hardihood, he dared in a court of justice to use personal violence towards a baron of the realm. That he should acquire renown in the field, and conse- quently become possessed of the King's esteem, is perfectly consistent with that impetuous temper for which he is celebrated. Bravery is, however, but one redeeming trait in a picture where all besides is dark and repulsive ; and even the bold answer relative to his right to his lands, when properly considered, affords no room for praise, for the same resolute opposition to such an inquiry, would, there is no doubt, have been as readily evinced to defend any part of his property, if it had been acquired by the most flagrant injustice on his part, instead of on that of his ancestors. A proof of the estimation in which the Earl was held by Edward the First is afforded, in Dugdale's opinion, by the fact that the King issued precepts directed to the Bishops of Canterbury and London, and to several Abbots, commanding them to cause masses to be said for his soul ; but this testimony of the royal consideration might have arisen from the near connection between the Earl and his Majesty, as is shown by the annexed table : King John.^=Isabel, daughter and heiress of Aymer==-Hugh le Brun, Count of Count of Angoulesme. March, 2nd husband. King Henry III. = Alice.zpJohn Earl of Warren. r ' -f King Edward I. "P By the said Alice le Brun, who died on the 9th Feb. 1291, the Earl of Warren had issue, William, who died in his father's life-time, leaving his wife enceint with 136 HENRY DE PERCY. John, his son and heir, who succeeded his grandfather in his honors ; Alianor, who married, first, Henry Lord Percy, by whom she had Henry Lord Percy, spoken of in the Poem as the Earl's " nevou," and, secondly, the son of a Scotch Baron ; and Isabel, wife of John Balliol, King of Scotland. The arms of Warren were, cheeky Or and Azure.d HENRY DE PERCY. [PAGE 14.] If the biographer of an ancient warrior is in any degree influenced by that en- thusiasm which deeds of chivalrous courage are calculated to excite, it is only by more than ordinary restraint upon his feelings that he is enabled to relate them in the sober and chastened language suitable to historical truth ; and perhaps in no instance is that caution so necessary as when any member of the house of Percy is the subject of his pen. In the age to which Henry de Percy belonged, as well as in a few succeeding centuries, that name was synonymous with almost uncontrolable power, impetuous valour, and all those stern military virtues which characterized the time ; and the difficulty of successfully detailing the career of an individual is considerably increased, when, as in the case of this Baron, the merits of his descendants have been sung, not only by rude contemporary bards, but have been immortalized by the greatest dramatic genius that ever existed. Henry de Percy was the third son of Henry Lord Percy, by Eleanor, daughter of John Earl Warren and Earl of Surrey, and succeeded to the barony upon the death of his brother John de Percy, who died under age soon after the year 1272, at which time he appears to have been very young. The first circumstance <1 Page 14 ; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii ; and the seals of this Earl. HENRY DE PERCY. 137 recorded of him is, that, in the loth Edw. I., being then in ward, on the King's expedition into Wales, he was acquitted of ,^120 required from him for scutage. In the 22nd Edw. I. 1294, he made proof of his age, obtained livery of his lands, and was summoned to attend the King into Gascony ; and in March, 1296, having accompanied Edward in his invasion of Scotland, he received the honor of knighthood before Berwick. He was present at the battle of Dunbar, and was soon afterwards appointed Governor of Galloway and Aire in Scotland; and in 1297, being with Robert Lord Clifford, commander for the King of England in the eastern parts of Scotland, they were appointed to receive Margery, daughter of Robert Brus Earl of Carrick, as an hostage for his fidelity to Edward. About the same time he was sent by the Earl Warren, then General of all the English army beyond the Trent, with the forces at Carlisle into Scot- land, and having entered Annandalc with 300 men at arms and 40,000 foot about the 10th of August, he proceeded to Aire, where he endeavoured to per- suade the inhabitants of Galloway to submit. Finding that a party of Scots were on their route to oppose him he marched towards them, but from the infe- riority of their numbers they surrendered upon condition of being pardoned. It would exceed the prescribed limits of these sketches to follow the biographers of this Baron in the minute details which they have recorded of his military career ; and it will therefore only be remarked that he was constantly engaged in the King's wars, and appears to have enjoyed his sovereign's fullest confidence and esteem, whilst the annexed brief summary of his services, from Dugdale and Collins' account of him, will amply shew their nature and extent. In the 26th Edw. I. Lord Percy was again in the wars of Scotland, in which year he obtained a grant of the lands forfeited by Ingelram de Umfreville ; and in the following year was present at the siege of Carlaverock, a fact unnoticed by either of the writers just mentioned, when he must have been about forty-two years of age. The Poet alludes to his determined hostility .against the Scots, which feeling appears to have been inherited by his descendants, and describes him as the " nevou" of the Earl Warren, which, like the word " nepos," seems to have been used for grandson as well as nephew, he being the son of Eleanor, the daughter of that nobleman. In February, 28 Edw. I. 1301, he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to Pope Boniface, wherein he is styled " Lord of Topclive," and in the 34th Edw. I. was again sent into Scotland to oppose Robert Bruce, 2N HENRY DE PERCY. against whom he valiantly defended Kenteir. In the 35th Edw. I. he was a party to the treaty of peace with Scotland.6 On the accession of Edward the Second, he was, in common with the other peers of the realm, summoned to attend that monarch's coronation, and in the 3rd Edw. II. he purchased the celebrated Castle of Alnwick, which is now pos- sessed by his representative the Duke of Northumberland. In the 5th Edw. II. he succeeded John de Segrave as Constable of Nottingham Castle and Justice of the Forests beyond the Trent/ and about the same period was constituted Go- nernor of Scarborough and Bamburgh Castles. From a writ tested on the 14th September, 1309, it appears that he was then Constable of the Castle of York, and in that and the preceding years he was again in the wars of Scotland. Lord Percy distinguished himself by his enmity to Piers de Gaveston, and it is perhaps just to consider that his hostility arose from patriotic motives ; but there is a suspicion attached to his behaviour towards the unhappy favorite, which the biassed historian of the house of Percy has rather increased than lessened by his laboured attempt to remove. It appears that Gaveston was besieged in Scarborough Castle by the Earl of Pembroke, that he surrendered upon con- dition that his life and person should be secured, and that both the Earl and Percy solemnly pledged themselves to that effect. Through a false reliance however on the Earl's honor, by Percy, as Collins relates it, the promise was speedily broken, and Gaveston perished on the scaffold at Warwick Castle. This is a version of the tale which so partial a biographer as that writer uni- formly shews himself e would naturally give ; but, although the impossibility of e Feedera, N. E. vol. I. p. 212. f Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 163. S The servile praise bestowed by Collins upon every individual of whom he speaks, called down the following censure from Mr. Burke, which, however well-merited in that particular instance, was ill applied to the College of Heralds of his time, and happily would be far less appropriate to those of the present day. " These historians, recorders, and blazoners of virtues and arms, differ wholly from that other description of historians who never assign any act of politicians to a good motive. These gentle historians, on the contrary, dip their pens in nothing but the milk of human kindness. They seek no further for merit than the preamble of a patent, or the inscription on a tomb. With them, every man created a peer is first a hero ready made. They judge of every man's capacity for office by the offices he has filled, and the more offices the more ability. Every general officer with them is a Marlborough, every statesman a Burleigh, every judge a Murray or a Yorke. They who, alive, were laughed at or pitied by all their acquaintance, make as good a figure as the best of them in the pages of Guillim, Edmondson, and Collins." HENRY DE PERCY. 139 ascertaining the real merits of the case render it unjust to pass a positive censure upon Percy's conduct, it is at least equally unfair to conclude that the whole shame of the transaction belongs to his colleague, and that his only error arose from a misplaced confidence. Certain, however, it is, that the King con- sidered him guilty of Gaveston's death, for he issued special precepts, tested on the 30th and 31st July, 1312, for his apprehension, and for the seizure of all his lands, tenements, and chattels. Towards the end of that year, however, Percy was included in the treaty between the King and the Barons, and on making his submission his offence was pardoned and his lands restored to him. The acquittance of the King to Thomas Earl of Lancaster, Guy Earl of War- wick, Robert dc Clifford, and this Baron, of the jewels and horses that belonged to Gaveston, dated on the 6th February, 1313, 6 Edw. II. by which he acknow- ledges to have received from them the articles therein-mentioned, by the hands of Humphrey Earl of Hereford, is still preserved. The document is highly curious ; and, with the hope of relieving the dulness of this memoir, the fol- lowing interesting extracts from it are introduced : Un and o'or, ob un tfaphir, icqucl scint ©ungtan forga be sea1 mamis1. line bai.stc b'argent en b'orte? put porter emi? un anel entout Ic col be un ijomme. line grant rubi ijorrf b'or, que fust trobe s'ur s'ire picr.sf be Oatoa.a'ton quant i( fust pns ; le pns" be millr litotes?. •Crois gran? ruins" en aneaur, une amttaube, un biamaunb be grant pri0, en une boitfte b'argent cnamille, que fust trotoe s'ur le bit pierres quant il fust pns. ;Dcur scaur un grant e un petit ; e un petit seal une diet' pcnbaunte, un evening plte, et un ralccboiinc ; les qucur futent trotoe? en la burs'c quant il fuit pns. £n un cofre, lie be feet, une mirour b' argent enamaille ; un pignc ; un pnhet, que fust bone au ftoi pat (a Ounrcssc be 2?ar a Oant. 11 n coronal b'oc ob ottoers'c pene, pns be cent mars. Un cijapelet b'argent garni?' be bitoer.s'e pcne, pns' be oo?e sout?. <cn un autre cofre, un grant pot b'argcnt oa troi.^ pci? pur cfjaufet eatoe, que poi^e ^i^ I'Aires ciunnc sout? Sis' bcncrs'. €toi.^ plated b'argcnt por eiSpecicric, c potent quatte litore^. 5Dcu>: plated b'argent pur fruit, be^ armetf be roj? b'«Cngleterre, que potent ?'e.^ant bi.S oit j, quatrc bencrg. line bur^e be brap b'or otoe bcur pierrc.^ be 3erlm' bcben?. 140 HENRY DE PERCY. mn mots* b'argent ob quatre botong b'orre?, ob beu): liong pur cibaq'e tie cuir. Jttn beil jSeal entaille, e un pere be Calceboine. Cro# furcftegceg b'argent pur mangier poireg. Mne ceinture be fil be argent falanfe. rfjapelet be gang, prig be gig gou? oit bcnerg. garnement? beg armeg le bit $iereg, otoeft leg atetteg garni? et frette? be €n un ^aft un bacenet burn? ob ^urcil^. €n autre £aaft une peire be treppeji beg atme£ be bit ©euj: coteg be belbet pur plated tobertr. lilne Boucije pur paletret, beg armc^ bu Jjop. «2uatre cljemige^ et troig braig be Oa^coigne orfre^e?. itlne beille banere beg armeg le bit JMerg. <©uarant un begtreg et coucerg e un patefrei. cjjaretterg. t;baretteg ob tut te l)erneig.h Great part of Gavcston's plate was marked with an eagle, and several articles of jewellery were in that form ; his arms being, Vert, six eagles displayed Or. The little that remains to be said of this Baron may be related in a very few words. In 1313 he received letters of safe conduct from the King for all his dominions ; in June, in the following year, he was present at the fatal battle of Bannockburn ; and was regularly summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 29th July, 8 Edw. II. 1314. He died in 1315, and was buried in the abbey of Fountains in Yorkshire ; and by Eleanor his wife, daughter of John Earl of Arundel, who survived him, he left issue, Henry, his eldest son, then aged sixteen years ; and William, who was made a Knight of the Bath 20 Edw. II. and died in 1355. From the subject of this article sprung a line of peers which flourished in increased honor as Earls of Northumberland for several centuries ; and from the deeds of the celebrated Hotspur having been described by Shakspeare, the name of PERCY is as well known to the world in general as to the genealogist and his- h Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p 203. HENRY DE PERCY. 141 torian ; nor will it cease to be associated with every thing that is chivalrous and brave, until the works of the immortal bard and the annals of England are alike forgotten. Thus, then, its renown stands upon an imperishable basis ; and though those turbulent times which produced actions that dazzle the imagina- tion have long since past, its ancient fame is not impaired by the conduct and character of its present illustrious representative. The arms borne by Henry Lord Percy were those of Lou- vaine, Or, a lion rampant Azure ; ' his ancestor, Josceline de Louvaine, a younger son of the ducal house of Brabant, having retained his paternal coat, notwithstanding that he assumed the name of Percy upon his marriage with the heiress of William Baron Percy in the reign of Henry the Second. ' P 14 ; Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of the Baron a" 1301. It has been suggested that the arms, crest, and name of Percy, admit of one of the most appropriate " canting" mottoes that has ever been devised — Per se nobilis, — for whether applied to that noble animal the lion, or to the noble conduct of those who for ages have borne it as part of their heraldic honors, its truth is unquestionable. 2o 142 ROBERT FITZ PAYNE. [PAGE 14.] Robert Fitz Payne, of whose life very few circumstances are known, was the eldest son of a Baron of the same names, whom he succeeded in the 9th Edw. I. at which time he was seventeen years of age ; but notwithstanding his minority ? Dugdale states that he immediately did homage and had livery of his lands, and in the following year obtained a charter for a market and fair at his manor of Ockford Nicholl (also called from this family Ockford Fitzpayne, the name it now retains) in Dorsetshire, with a grant of free warren in all his demesne lands there ; and in the 10th Edw. I. he was commanded to attend the expedition into Wales. He was summoned to the wars of Scotland in December, 1299, and was present at the surrender of Carlaverock in the June following, at which time he was about thirty-six years old; but nothing is recorded of his person or character by the Poet of that event. In February, 1301, he was a party to the Letter from the Barons of England to Pope Boniface the Eighth, and is described as " Lord of Lammer," and was again in the Scottish wars in the 31st Edw. I. Fitz Payne was appointed Governor of Corfe Castle in the 33rd Edw. IJ and in the 34th Edw. I. was made a Knight of the Bathk with Prince Edward, soon after which he accompanied him into Scotland, and in the same year that the Prince ascended the throne he was constituted Governor of the Castle of Winchester. In the 2nd of Edw. II. being then Steward of the King's household, he was sent with Otho de Grandison upon a mission to the Pope, and on the 17th May, 1309, was joined in a commission with several other peers for the reformation of the Royal household.1 In the 8th Edw. II. he was again summoned to the wars of Scotland, and in that year was ordered to hold an assize in the county of Wilts."1 This Baron was summoned to parliament from the 26th January, 25 Edw. I. 1297, to the 23rd October, 8 Edw. II. 1314, and died in 1315. By Isabell his wife, daughter and at length sole heiress of Sir John Clifford, of j See also Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 305 a. k Dugdale, but no notice of the circumstance occurs in Anstis's Order of the Bath. 1 Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 433 b. m Ibid. p. 333. WALTER DE MOUNCY. 143 Frampton in Gloucestershire," he left issue Rohert his son and heir, then about twenty-eight years of age, who succeeded his father in his honors, and was sum- moned to parliament. It would, however, appear that Fitz Payne either married a former wife or was affianced to one, for among the ancient charters in the British Museum, is an agreement, dated in the 19th Edw. I., between Bartho- lomew de Badlesmere and Robert Fitz Payne, that the said Robert should marry Mary, daughter of the said Bartholomew. The present representatives of Robert Lord Fitz Payne are Evcrard Lord Arundel of Wardour, Eleanor-Mary Lady Clifford, and William Lord Stourton. The arms of Fitz Payne are, Gules, three lions passant Argent, a bend Azure.0 WALTER DE MOUNCY. [PAGE 16.] This individual, though unquestionably a Baron of the realm, has escaped the notice of Dugdale, and such of the following particulars of him, for which other authorities are not cited, are extracted from Mr. Banks's " Stemmata Anglicana." Of his parentage nothing is positively known, and perhaps the earliest record of him extant, is that of the writ by which he was commanded to be at Carlisle with horse and arms to serve against the Scots, in the 26th Edw. I.P In the following year he obtained a grant of free warren in his demesne lands of Thorn- ton juxta Skipton, Everley, and Kelebroke, in Yorkshire ; and on the 6th May, 27th Edw. I. he was again ordered to attend the Scottish wars.*! At the siege n Mr. Townsend's MS. Collections for Dugdale's Baronage. In the 13th Edw. II. she described herself as Isabella de Fitz Payne, Lady of Frampton, formerly wife of Robert Fitz Payne, and gave to her cousin, William de Clifford of Frampton, certain lands. " P. 1-t; Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of the Baron, a° 1301. P Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 100. q Ibid. p. 107. 144 WALTER OE MOUNCY. of Carlaverbck he was in the squadron led by the Earl of Lincoln, to whose retinue or household he appears to have been attached ; and in the 29th Edw. I. he was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope relative to his Holiness's claim to the sovereignty of Scotland, in which document he is described as " Lord of Thornton."1" With the exception of his name being frequently men- tioned in writs of service and to parliament, the only facts concerning him which have been ascertained, are, that the lands of Thomas de Belhous were committed to his custody ; s that he was present in the parliament which met at Carlisle in the octaves of St. Hillary in the 33rd Edw. I. ;* and that in the 1st Edw. II. he was Gustos of the Castle of Framlyngham. Walter de Mouncy was summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 22nd February, 35 Edw. I. 1307, and died in the 2nd Edw. II. for in that year the King's Escheator was ordered to take into his hands the lands of which he was seised at his demise. His heir is supposed to have been a female, who married Grashall, and by him was mother of two daughters and coheirs, namely, Isabel, wife of Durand Bard ; and Margaret, who married, first, Despenser, by whom she had a son, Philip Despenser, and, secondly, John de Roos, younger son of William Lord Roos : but he died s. p. in the 12th Edw. III. and his widow in the 22nd Edw. III. The arms of Mouncy were, cheeky Argent and Gules," and from the seal of this Baron attached to the Barons' Letter it would seem that his crest was a fox, the helmet being surmounted by an animal resembling one, and engraved as if dead or asleep. r Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report, pp. 97, 98. « Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 169 a. t Ibid. y. 188. " P. 16; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron, a° 1301. 145 AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. [PAGE 16.] There is something pleasing in the reflection that the ravages of time have not entirely swept away the memorials of those who in past ages occupied pro- minent parts in the drama of public life ; that there is yet contemporary and splendid evidence of their wealth and importance, which alike claims the admi- ration and challenges the criticism of the most fastidious taste ; and that a name which once filled England with respect, is not remembered alone by the dull antiquary or patient historian. These observations are suggested by that beau- tiful monument of Aymer de Valence in Westminster Abbey, which still renders his name familiar to those who either pity or despise the pursuits by which a know- ledge of his deeds and character are alone to be acquired. The following attempt, however, to present a slight account of this celebrated Earl, is rendered the less necessary by the biographical notice which accompanies a recent engraving of his tomb, and whilst the subject affords an almost unrivalled specimen of one branch of the arts in the fourteenth century, that plate is perhaps a no less ex- traordinary example of them in another department in the present age.x Aymer de Valence was the third son of William de Valence, who was created Earl of Pembroke by his uterine brother King Henry the Third. He was born about 1280/ and succeeded his father in his honors on the 13th of June, 1296; both of his elder brothers having previously died without issue. The earliest notice of him which is recorded, is, that on the 26th January, 25 Edw. I. 1297, he was summoned to parliament as a Baron,z though, according to modern opinions on the subject, he was fully entitled to the earldom of Pembroke, nor was the title ever attributed to him in public records until the 6th November, * Blore's Monumental Remains, part IV. A more elaborate and equally beautiful representa- tion of this tomb is given in Stothard's " Monumental Effigies," a work which need only be seen to excite the gratitude and respect of every real antiquary, accompanied by feelings of sincere regret at the early fate of its indefatigable author. y Esch. 1 Edw. II. and 3 Edw. II. * Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 77. 2p 146 AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. 1 Edw. II. 1307 ;a and the first writ to parliament addressed to him as " Earl of Pembroke," was tested on the 18th of the following January .b Upon this remark- able circumstance some observations have recently been made ; c but it is wholly impossible to explain the cause of the anomaly in a satisfactory manner. Although never styled " Earl of Pembroke" until the accession of Edward the Second, it is manifest that from the death of his father he ranked above all Barons, ex- cepting Henry of Lancaster, who, being of the blood royal, is uniformly mentioned next to Earls ; hence" it appears that, notwithstanding his claim was not positively acknowledged, he was considered to be entitled to a higher degree of precedency than belonged to the baronial dignity. In the 25th Edw. I. he was in the expe- dition into Flanders, and in the same year was appointed a commissioner to ratify an agreement between the King and Florence Count of Holland, relative to some auxiliaries from the Count in that war, and was likewise one of the ambassadors sent by Edward to treat for a truce between England and France. In the 26th and 27th Edw. I. he was in the Scottish wars, and in June, in the 28th Edw. I. 1300, was present at the siege of Carlaverock, when he must have been about twenty-one years of age ; but the Poet pays him no other compliment than what a pun upon his name suggested, %t Valence 2pmarg li maillans*. In the following year he was a party to the Barons' Letter to the Pope, in which, though his name occurs immediately after that of the Earl of Arundel, and before Henry de Lancaster's, he is only styled " Lord of Montiniac." Shortly afterwards he was appointed to treat with the ambassadors of the King of France on the subject of peace. In the 31st Edw. I. he was again in the wars of Scotland, and in the same year received permission to leave the realm upon his own'affairs. He obtained a grant in 1305 of the castles of Selkirk and Traquair, and of the borough of Peebles in Scotland, to hold by the service of one knight's fee, together with other possessions in that kingdom ; and in the 34th Edw. I. was constituted Guardian of the Marches of Scotland towards Berwick, when he was entrusted with the sole command of the English forces which had been levied against Robert Bruce. In the instrument by which he a I'oedera, N. E. vol. II. part I. p. 11. b Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 176. c Archseologia, vol. XXI. p. 20i. AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. 147 was appointed to that important duty, as well as in most others, he is styled, " Dilectum consanguineum et ndclum nostrum." The appellation of " cousin" was not then a mere title of honor when addressed to a peer, but was used in its most literal sense, and Aymer de Valence's claim to it is shown by the following slight pedigree : Hugh le Brun, Count of the Marches^=Isabel, dau. and heiress of Aymer==King John, ob. 1216, of Acquitaine, 2nd husband. Count of Angoulesme. 1st husband. William de Valence, created Earl of Pembroke, ob. 1296.=p King Henry the Third, ob. 1272. =;= AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL or KINO EDWARD THE FIRST, ob. 1307. =;= PEMBROKE, ob. 1323. ( - • - 1 KINO EDWARD THE SECOND. The successes which attended this nobleman against Robert Bruce are thus described by a contemporary chronicler : os tijc 2?vus about, tocrrc tie tljin&ig to tijc ii.itrbcD out, to tljc umg tljc tolD. <jQtoaro tljan Ijc toftc folk toitlj Ijui lanere, <£ije vjrrlc tocnt of pcmbroltc, ijijj name toag &tt Omcre. 3nb otbcr men fuilc gobe, baron.s and barony pert, Jt tnme toed tljri stoDr, and oib there better:. <Cijc bate teas a tljousanb tljrcc bunbrtD mo bi ^er, HMjan tlje tocrre o£ ^cotlanb tjjorgb tbe 2Bru^ eft toer." " -Sire €pmere of Halence lap at ^apnt 2jon toun, gin btf alienee toitlj man? erle anb baroun, Of .Scotlanb tJje be.^t toere tljan in IjtjJ feitfj Cljer tjjci gan alle re.^t, tillc tljei b«t> "the: greitlj. ,Sir fiobett tjje 23rus» .Sent to .§ir «e?mere, 3nb bob \)t ^ulb rcfu^ tfjat tym tab for^afeen ilft a pantenere, trajitour.s of h,i.s!e tljat jjim l)ab forsSafien, fi J»ulf to tlje :Jetoi^f , toljan tljei fye toton bao toftrn ; totter bap on tlje morn com tlje 23ru£ fioberb, toton toijSt it faeforn, tljorugb ^pieiS tljat tjjei ttrb : &it «t*)imere toilb Ijaf gon out, &\i ^ngram Umfrepbtle pceib Jjim for to lout, tille it toere none tljat toljilt." 148 AVMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. " 3Jf toe noto out toenDe anD lebe fyt toun alone 3Tf)ci get tjje faireD cnDe, anD toe be £fajm ilftone ; 23ot Do trie tijorg!) t&e toun. tbat non for toele no too, 3!n gtrete toalfe up anD Doton bot to t!)er inne£ go." ****** " <©n jSapnt .IKtargarete Dap &it ^Digram anD Com on tijam th,er tljet tap ade Digfjt to tfie Dpncre : 3[l)er toaumtoarD toa£ gone Digi)t, our 3^81$ ^a& ttierbaile, 3T|bei toere ;5o ^one at tfie figjjt, anD reDy to 3L])t ^nQlig tjborglj tj]am ran anD IjaD tlje fairer IJ)e <t)Cotti# life a man ti)e lorDe^ Dur.^t not biDe. J^ere noto a contrebore rtjorgJ) iHoberDejj Slbotoen tjier armore DiD ^erfii^ anD tJ)ei fleDDe on rotoe, in Ipnen toljite a.d mtlfie, non ^uID tjiam fenotoe, tJjer arme^ toiiilfe toere men tljat toilD fiaf DeDe, bar tljem fortlje fulle £toute, ^>ir €?mer JjaD no DreDe, Ije ^erc1)iD tjiam alle oute; at tjje fir^t compng ije ^loutlj ^>ir €pmere jSteDe DID fiobect tjie ftpng, anD turneD bafe anD »eDe; Epmer IjaD tnotoe, tljat IjorsJiD l}im agepn, lloberte^ men Ujet ^lotoe, tlje numbre uncertepn ; JZCjjan bigan tije c?]ace, anD Drof tlje ftpng Sobpn, £o reiSte IjaD Jje no gpace, long to Duelle t^enn."d Valence, after the contest, pursued Bruce, and presuming that he would take refuge in Kildrummie Castle, he gained possession of that place, but finding only Nigel de Bruce, brother of Robert, there, he caused him and all who were with him to be immediately hung. This action has given rise to some pertinent remarks by the able biographer of the Earl in the beautiful work before noticed,6 who has satisfactorily shown that Nigel was not put to death by him, but that at least the forms of law were observed on the occasion. On the death-bed of Edward the First, Pembroke, with some other personages, received the King's dying injunctions to afford his son their counsel and support, and not to permit d Peter of Langtoft, pp. 331. 333. 335. e Blore's Monumental Remains. AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. 149 Piers de Gavcston to return into England. His strict adherence to this com- mand naturally excited the favourite's displeasure ; and he is said, in derision of his tall stature and pallid complexion, to have termed him " Joseph the Jew." In the first year of the young monarch's reign, Valence was, as has heen before observed, allowed and summoned to parliament by his proper title of Earl of Pembroke ; and at the coronation of that monarch he carried the King's left boot/ but the spur belonging to it was borne by the Earl of Cornwall. In the same year, after performing homage upon the death of his mother for her lands, he was joined with Otho de Grandison in an embassy to the Pope ; and in the 3rd Edw. II. was found heir to his sister Agnes, or more probably Anne.* It has been considered from the circumstance of the Earl being a witness1" to the instrument by which the King recalled Gaveston, and bestowed the possessions of the Earl of Cornwall upon him, that he approved of, or at least consented to, those acts : but this idea rests upon far too uncertain evidence to be relied upon ; and if he ever changed his opinion it was of short duration, for in the 3rd Edw. II. he joined the Earl of Lancaster against Gaveston, and when he was banished the realm in 1311, the Earl of Pembroke was one of the persons deputed to petition the King that he should be rendered incapable of ever holding any office. As in the notice of Henry de Percy the manner in which Pembroke was concerned in the death of the noxious favourite was alluded to, it is unne- cessary to recur to the subject. In the 6th Edw. II. he was again sent on a mission to Rome, and in the same year obtained a grant of lands in London, in which was included the New Temple. In the 7th Edw. II. he was appointed Gustos and Lieutenant of Scotland until the arrival of the King, and was present at the fatal battle of Bannockbourn. Two inedited MSS. cited in the " Monumental Remains," allude to the Earl's con- duct upon that occasion in words fatal either to his loyalty or courage : the one stating that " Insuper Comes de Pembrok, Henricus de Bellomonte, et multi magnates, cordctonis Pliarlsei, a certamine recesserunt ;" and the other, that " in pedibus suis cvasit ex acie, et cum Valensibus fugientibus se salvavit." In all probability, however, the language was in both instances that of an enemy, and deserves but little credit ; though, even if it were true, " there is no great disgrace," f Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 36. 5 Esch. 3 Edw. II. h Foedera, N. E. vol. II. part II. p. 2. 2 a 150 AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. as the learned biographer from whose memoir these extracts are taken has truly remarked, " in seeking safety by flight when defeat was inevitable, and the whole army pursued a similar course."1 In the 9th Edw. II. the Earl was a commis- sioner for holding a parliament in the King's absence,! and took an active part in the proceedings therein.k Being sent to Rome on a mission to the Pontiff, a singular misfortune befel him, as he was taken prisoner on his return by a Bur- gundian called John de Moiller, with his accomplices, and sent to the Emperor, who obliged him to pay a ransom of 20,000 pounds of silver, upon the absurd pretence that Moiller had served the King of England without being paid his wages. Edward used every exertion to procure the Earl's liberty, and wrote to several sovereign princes soliciting them to interfere on the subject ; but he did not immediately succeed. In the llth Edw. II. Pembroke was once more in the Scottish wars, and was appointed Governor of Rockingham Castle ; and upon the King's purposed voyage, in the 13th Edw. II. to do homage to the King of France for the Duchy of Acquitaine, he was constituted Guardian of the realm during his absence, being then also Gustos of Scotland. In the 15th Edw. II. he sat in judgment on the Earl of Lancaster at Pontefract ;l and for his conduct on the occasion was rewarded with the grant of several manors. With the preceding narrative, Dugdale's account of the Earl closes ; nor has his recent biographer supplied any further particulars : but the following facts are on record, previous to citing which, the annexed notice of him in Selden's Titles of Honorm merits insertion, especially as it also relates to two other knights who were present at the siege of Carlaverock : " Anno MCCCXVI. Dominus Rich, de Rodney factus fuit miles apud Keynsham die translationis Sancti Thomae mar- tyris in praesentia Domini Almarici Comitis de Pembroch, qui cinxit eum gladio, et Dominus Mauritius de Berkley super pedem dextrum posuit unum calcar, et Dominus Bartholomeus de Badilesmere posuit aliud super pedem sinistruin in aula, et hoc facto recessit cum honore." In March, 1309, the Earl of Pembroke was one of the peers appointed to regulate the royal household ;n in the 5th Edw. II. he was commanded not to Monumental Remains. j Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 350 b. Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 352 b. 354 b. 359 a. 361 b. 1 Ibid. vol. II. p. 3. » P. 642, cited in Anstis's Collection of Authorities on the Knighthood of the Bath, p. 8. Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 443. AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. 151 approach the place where the parliament was held with an armed retinue, or in any other manner than was observed in the time of the late King ; ° in the 8th Edw. II. he was a commissioner to open and continue a parliament at York ;P in the 12th Edw. II. he was sent to Northampton with others to treat with the Earl of Lancaster for the better government of the realm, and was one of the peers then appointed to be about the King's person,*! at which time he signed the agreement between the King and that Earl ; r he advised the reversal of the judgment against Hugh Ic Despenser the younger;* by writ tested on the 19th Jan. 14 Edw. II. 1321, he was appointed a Commissioner to treat for peace with Robert de Brus ;' and in the 18th Edw. II. the Earl, as Justice in Eyre of the Forest of Essex, claimed the appointment of the Marshal thereof." The Earl of Pembroke accompanied Isabell the Queen of England to France in 1323 ; and is said to have lost his life in that year, at a tournament given by him to celebrate his nuptials with his third wife, Mary, daughter of Guy de Chastillon, Count of St. Paul's ; though from the obscure manner in which his death is mentioned by some chroniclers, and the attempt which they have made to consider it as a mark of the vengeance of Heaven for his conduct relative to the death of the Earl of Lancaster, Dugdale asserts that he was murdered on the 23rd June, 1324, " by reason he had a hand" in that affair. But the former state- ment his recent biographer considers to be corroborated by the following lines in a long MS. poem, containing a life of the Earl, in the Cottonian collection", written by Jacobus Nicholaus de Dacia, who calls himself a scholar of Mary de St. Paul Countess of Pembroke ; by which he probably meant that he belonged to Pembroke Hall, which she had founded : .ltlor.3 Comittm oinmitum necuit, mortf ipga cruenta rruorc cubcum campum facit ct rubicundum. From the annexed account of the Earl's death, however, by another contempo- rary writer,* whose statement on the subject is now for the first time cited, it would rather appear that he died of apoplexy : o Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 447. P Ibid. p. 450. q Ibid. p. 4-53 b. r Ibid. vol. III. p. 362. « Ibid. vol. I. p. 427 b. » Ibid. p. 454 a. v Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 441. u Claudius, A. xiv. * Robert of Reading. Cottonian MSS. Cleopatra, A. xvi. f. 133 b. For a reference to this MS. 152 AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. " Ea vero tempestate primorum consultu direxit ad partes transmarinas Rex Almaricum de Valencia Comitem de Penbrokia, virum siquidem ad queque ne- pharia peragcnda iuxta sue propinquitatis nequiciarn continue paratum, regis Francorum presencie nuncium super dictis negociis assistendum, vt eiusdem regis Francorum animum ah inceptis revocaret, ut ipsius benevolenciam afFectum regis Angloruin varijs blandic-iis inrlinaret. Quo perveniente, ac iuxta proposita suorum verborum responsis acceptis, .per Pykardiani rediens, ad quoddam municipium mi. villa, id est, dimidia villa, nuncupaturn, tribus leucis a Compyne distans, in vigilia sancti Johannis declinavit pransurus, ubi Christus voluit virum sanguineum et dolosum non dimidiare dies suos. Sed finita refectionis hora thalamum ingre- ditur, deambulando statim in atrio corruit, ac sine confessione et viatico salutari infelicem animam subito in solo sufflavit." The Poem alluded to is deemed, by the highly competent judge just mentioned, not to contain any thing worthy of observation ; for he says that " throughout five hundred lines of exaggerated panegyric, not a single incident, anecdote, or trait of character is to be found."" The Earl was thrice married ; first, to Beatrix, daughter of Ralph de Noel Constable of France ; secondly, to a daughter of the Earl of Barrc ; and thirdly, to Mary, daughter of Guy de Chastillon Count of St. Paul : but he had no issue, and the descendants of his sisters, Isabel, the wife of John Baron Hastings ; and Joan, who married John Comyn of Badenoch, are consequently his representa- tives. His eldest sister, Anne, married, first, Maurice Fitz Gerald ; secondly, Hugh de Baillol ; and, lastly, John de Avennes ; and probably died s. p. in the 3rd Edw. Il.y Mary Countess of Pembroke is chiefly known to the present age by an action which seldom fails to ensure immortality. She was the foundress of a College for the purposes of learning and religion, which still bears the name of Pembroke Hall ; and was likewise a benefactress to several religious houses which were sup- pressed by the cupidity of Henry the Eighth. She died about 1376, and on the 13th of March in that year made her will, at Braxtcd in Essex, by which she the Editor willingly expresses his obligation to Frederick Madden, Esq. whose profound knowledge of early English writers is only equalled by the readiness with which his information is imparted to his friends. * Monumental Remains. y Esch. cod. ann. See page 149 ante. AYMER DE VALENCE, EARL OF PEMBROKE. ordered her body to be buried in the church of the sisters of Denny, where she had caused her tomb to be made ; and bequeathed to the church of the Abbey of Westminster, where her husband was interred, a cross with a foot of gold Jind emeralds, which Sir William de Valence, Knt. brought from the Holy Land.* The body of the Earl of Pembroke was conveyed to England, and buried in the Abbey of Westminster ; but upon the beautiful tomb erected to his memory it is unnecessary to say a single word, ample justice having been done to it in the work so frequently referred to, both by the artist and author. The arms of Valence were, barry, Argent and Azure, an orle of martlets Gules.* z Testamenta Vetusta, p. 100. It may not be uninteresting to observe, that there is in the pos- session of G. Pocock, Esq. of Lincoln's Inn Fields, a small brass cofler, which, from the arms enamelled on it, is supposed to have belonged to this illustrious woman. This curious relic was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries a short time since, but it did not appear to excite the attention which it merited. » P. 16; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; the seal of the Earl a<> 1301 ; and the arms on his tomb. 154 NICHOLAS DE CAREW. [PAGE 16.] That there should be such a paucity of materials extant for a memoir of this individual is surprising, for very few of his contemporaries excelled him in descent, rank, or military merit. Indeed, in the latter qualification he was so celebrated by his services in Ireland, that the Poet has particularly alluded to the circumstance ; and the consideration in which he was held is sufficiently mani- fested by his being frequently a colleague of the Barons of the realm, though he was never summoned to parliament. The house of Carew is supposed to have sprung from Otho de Windsor, the common ancestor of the illustrious families of Windsor and Fitz-Gerald. The grandfather and father of Nicholas de Carew had both married into distinguished Irish families ; and it seems that they consequently became intimately connected with Ireland. Little notice, however, occurs of the subject of this article in records until the 29th Edw. I., when he was a party to the Barons' Letter to the Pontiff, in which he is described as " Lord of Mulcsford ;"b but from the Poem we learn that he was present in the preceding year at the siege of Carlaverock, in the squadron commanded by the Earl of Lincoln. He was, it is there said, a man of great renown, and had often displayed his valour against the rebellious people of Ireland. He married, according to some pedigrees, Ann, daughter and heiress of the Baron Digon, Lord of Adrone in Ireland;0 and, agreeably to others, Amicia, sister of sir John Pevercll ;d but the point is involved in great obscurity : and died in the 3rd Edw. II., leaving John his son and heir.c From this John de Carew has descended a most extensive family, which has ramified into almost every county in England, and was in one branch ennobled by Queen Elizabeth, and further b Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. c Harl. MSS. 380. d Kimber's Baronetage. e Esch. eod. ann. ROGER LA WARE. 1 .">."> advanced to the dignity of Earl of Totness by James the First; whilst in others it was elevated to the rank of baronets. The issue of some of the younger sons still flourish in the male line in Devonshire. The arms of Carew are, Or, three lions passant in pale Sable.f ROGER LA WARE. [PAGE 16.] The earliest notice of Roger la Warre, the first of his name who attained tin- rank of a Baron, is in the 10th Edw. I., in which year, having been in the expe- dition then made into Wales, he had scutage of all his tenants who held of him by military service ; and in the 13th Edw. I. he obtained the King's license for a weekly market in his manor of Warrewikc in Gloucestershire, with other pri- vileges. In the 15th Edw. I. he was summoned to attend with horse and arms at Gloucester,? and in the 22nd Edw. I. was commanded to repair speedily to the King to deliberate on the affairs of the realm.h Shortly afterwards, namely on the 26th June in the same year, he was summoned to Portsmouth to accom- pany his Majesty into France.' In the 26th Edw. I. he was Governor of the Castle of Burgh in Gascony ; on the 30th September, 28 Edw. I. 1299, he was ordered to be at Carlisle on the ensuing feast of St. John the Baptist, to serve against the Scots ; and in the following year was present at the siege of Carlaverock, when his sagacity and valour are eulogised by the Poet of the expedition. In the 29th Edw. I. he was party to the Letter to the Pope, wherein he is called " Lord of Isefeld," but his seal is not affixed to that document.14 From that period until f Page 16; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii ; and the seal of this Baron a" 1301. g Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 51. h Ibid. p. 56. ' Ibid. p. 5.5. k Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. 156 ROGER LA WARE. the 8th Edw. II. he was frequently in the wars of Scotland ; and he appears to have passed through life without being distinguished either by brilliant services, or by the commission of any crime, which would have caused his name to be more frequently recorded. He was one of the manucaptors for William de Montagu, who was a prisoner in the tower of London in the 33rd Edw. I. ;' and in the 35th Edw. I. was attached for not having obeyed the King's writ to attend at Carlisle, or paid the usual fine.m This Baron was summoned to parliament from the 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 16th June, 4 Edw. II. 1311, and died in 1320; leaving by his wife Cla- rice, daughter and coheir of John Baron Trcgoz, John la Warr his son and heir, then forty years of age, who was summoned to parliament several years before his father's death. The representatives of this Baron are the heirs of Mary, the daughter and eventually sole heiress of Sir Owen West, half brother of Thomas West Baron la Warr, K. G. who died s. p. in 1554, who was lineally descended from Thomas Baron West by his wife Joan, half sister and heiress of Thomas le Warr, great- great-grandson of the Baron who was present at Carlaverock. By a most extraordinary anomaly in the descent of dignities that originated in a writ of summons, the issue of Sir Owen West were passed over ; and the barony was allowed to the heir male of the above-mentioned Thomas West Lord la Warr who died in 1554, namely William, the son and heir of sir George West, younger brother of sir Owen ; and it has consequently been presumed to be now vested in his heir, George John, Earl de la Warr. Mary, the daughter and heiress of Sir Owen West, was twice married ; first, to Sir Adrian Poynings, Knt. by whom she had three daughters, Elizabeth, Mary, and Anne; and, 2ndly, to Sir Richard Rogers, Knt. Sir Adrian Poynings, justly deeming that his issue were entitled to the barony of La Warr, caused a case to be prepared in 1567 urging their claim ; but the heralds of the day, though upon what grounds it is impossible even to guess, were of a different opinion." The arms of La Warr are, Gules, seme'e of cross crosslets, a lion rampant Argent.0 1 Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 176. ™ Ibid. p. 216. n MSS. in the College of Arras : also Harl. MSS. 1323, f. 280. ° P. 16; and Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. 157 GUY DE BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF WARWICK. [PAGE 18.] This nobleman, whose actions corresponded in importance with the elevated station which he held in the realm, is supposed to have derived his baptismal name from the renowned Guy of Warwick, the favourite hero of romance. He succeeded his father, William Earl of Warwick, in May or June 1296, at which time he was twenty-six years of age. Almost the earliest circumstance recorded of him is that he eminently distinguished himself in the field ; for, having been summoned to serve against the Scots in the year in which his father died, he was present at the battle of Falkirk, and for his valour on that day was rewarded with the lands forfeited by Geoffrey de Mowbray. In the 27th Edw. I. he was again in the wars of Scotland, and in that year was also employed beyond the sea in the King's service. At the siege of Carlaverock, in the 28th Edw. I. he was present in the first squadron under the Earl of Lincoln, when he was about twenty-nine years old ; and, though the praise bestowed upon him by the Poet is expressed in a very obscure manner, it may be interpreted to mean that none of his companions in arms were superior to him in merit. He was a party to the Letter to Pope Boniface the Eighth in 1301 ;P from which time to the end of the reign of Edward the First he was frequently in the Scottish wars, and received that monarch's dying command to protect the interests of his son, and not to allow Gaveston to return into England. The Earl partook largely of the for- feited lands of John de Baillol, and evidently derived considerable advantages from his presence in the royal army. At the coronation of Edward the Second the Earl of Warwick carried one of the swords borne at that ceremony ;i and in the 5th Edw. II. he joined the Earl of Lancaster against Piers de Gaveston. A similar anecdote to that related in the account of the Earl of Pembroke is preserved, explanatory of the chief cause of the Earl's hatred of that favourite ; for we are informed that Ga- veston, in allusion to his swarthy complexion, called him " the black dog of Arden." Though Warwick had been pardoned by the King for the part he had p Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. q Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 36. 2s 158 GUY DE BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF WARWICK. taken in the destruction of the Earl of Cornwall, Dugdale, upon the authority of Walsingham, considers that he had not forgiven his Majesty ; and that he there- fore refused to obey his commands to attend him into Scotland. In February, 7 Edw. II. he obtained an acquittance from the King of the jewels and plate which had belonged to Gaveston ;r and on the 17th May, 1309, was one of the noblemen appointed to regulate the royal household.8 In the 5th Edw. II. he was prohibited from attending the parliament with armed followers, or in any other manner than was usual in the reign of Edward the First ; * and on the 4th of August, 1312, was cited with other peers to appear in the royal presence for the reformation of certain ordinances." Of the public life of this Earl nothing more is known ; and his sumptuous benefactions to religious houses, and especially to the monks of Bordsley, though characteristic of the age, do not require any particular notice ; excepting that it was so liberal to the latter fraternity, as to induce them to style him, in a public instrument in full chapter by which they allowed him to present two monks to their convent, " Dilecto et speciali arnico." The Earl of Warwick made his will at Warwick Castle on Monday next after the feast of St. James, July 28, 1315, by which he ordered that his body should be buried in the abbey of Bordsley, without pomp ; that Alice his Countess should have a proportion of his plate, with a crystal cup, and half his bedding, together with all the vestments and books belonging to his chapel. The other half of his beds, rings, and jewels he gave to his two daughters. To Maud, his daughter, he left a crystal cup ; and to Elizabeth, his other daughter, the profits of the marriage of Astley's heir, but whom she herself married. To Thomas, his son, he bequeathed his best coat of mail, helmet, and suit of harness, with all which belonged thereto ; and to his son John, his second best coat of mail, helmet, and harness. He further desired that_ the rest of his armour, bows, and other warlike implements, should remain in Warwick Castle for the benefit of his heir. The Earl died at Warwick Castle on the 12th of August, 1316, aged about forty-four years, and was suspected to have been poisoned. He left by Alice his wife, widow of Thomas de Leybourne, and daughter of Ralph, and sister and r Foedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 203. s Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 443 b. t Ibid. p. 447 b. u Ibid. p. 448. JOHN DE MOHUN. 159 heiress of Robert de Tony, two sons, Thomas, his successor in the earldom ; and Sir John Beauchamp, a celebrated knight, and one of the founders of the order of the Garter : also five daughters, Maud, who married Geoffrey Lord Say ; Emma, wife of Rowland Odingsells ; Isabel, wife of Clinton ; Elizabeth, who married Thomas Lord Astley ; and Lucia, wife of Robert de Napton. The Countess of Warwick, in the year after her lord's demise, gave five hundred marks for license to marry William le Zouche of Ashby, of whom she accordingly became the wife. The arms of Beauchamp Earls of Warwick were, Gules, crusilly, and a fess Or ;* or, as they are now blazoned, Gules, a fess between six cross crosslets Or. JOHN DE MOHUN. [PAGE 18.] The life of this individual affords no incident of the slightest interest ; and all which is recorded of him is, that he performed the duties attendant upon the rank of a Baron of his times. John de Mohun was the eldest son of John de Mohun, a Baron by tenure, by Eleanor, daughter of Sir Reginald Fitz Piers ;v and succeeded his father, who * P. 16; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of the Earl, a° 1301. Upon the reverse of his seal the Earl bore the arms of Newburgh Earls of Warwick. See Archaeologia, vol. XXI. pp. 199, 200. y This Eleanor remarried William Martin. By the name of Eleanor de Mohun, wife of William Martin, she joined him in a conveyance of lands to their son William Martin in the 13th Edw. II. Her seal contains three shields; 1st, Martin, with a label; 2nd, Mohun, though different from the usual coat, it being a hand issuing from a maunch holding a fleur de lis ; 3rd, three lions rampant, Fitz Piers. Cotton MSS. Julius, C. vii. 160 JOHN DE MOHUN. died in France, on the llth June, 1279. He was born about the year 1269, and in the 22nd and 25th Edw. I. was summoned to attend with horse and arms in Gascony. In the 26th and 27th Edw. I. he was in the wars of Scotland, and in the year last mentioned exchanged his lands in Ireland with the King for the manor of Long Compton in Warwickshire. At the siege of Carlaverock he served in the first division of the English army, when he must have been above thirty years of age ; but the Poet takes no other notice of him, than to describe his banner. In the 29th Edw. I. Mohun was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope, in which he is described as " Lord of Dunsterre ;" and was again in the Scottish wars in the 31st Edw. I. and 4th and 8th Edw. II.Z From the 6th February, 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 23rd October, 4 Edw. III. 1330, a period of thirty-one years, John de Mohun was regularly summoned to parliament; and died in 1330, at the age of sixty-one. By his second wife,6 Auda, daughter of Sir Pain de Tibetot, he had issue two sons ; John, and Regi- nald. John, the eldest son, died in his father's life-time, leaving by Christian, daughter of John Lord Segrave, a son, John, who succeeded to his grandfather's honors, at which time he was ten years of age. Reginald, the second son, was the ancestor of the Mohuns of Cornwall, and of the Barons Mohun of Okehampton.b Upon the death of the last mentioned John Lord Mohun, K. G. about the year 1373, s. P. M., the barony fell into abeyance amonj; his three daughters and coheirs ; namely, Philippa, who married, first, Walter Lord Fitz Walter, secondly Sir John Golafrc, and thirdly Edward Plantagenet Duke of York, but died s. p. in the 10th Hen. VI. ; Elizabeth, the wife of William de Montacute Earl of Salisbury ; and Maud, who married John Lord Strange of Knockyn. The arms of Mohun were, Or, a cross engrailed Sable. c z Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. a Glover's Collections, Harl. MSS. 807. Dugdale calls her the daughter of Sir Robert Tiptoft ; from a petition on the Rolls of Parliament in the 7th Edw. III. vol. II. p. 71, it would however appear that the said Auda was his first wife, and that his second wife, who survived him, was called Sybilla. b Harl. MSS. 807. >> P. 18 ; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron, a<> 1301. 161 ROBERT DE TATESHALL. [PAGE 18.] This Baron was born in 1274, and succeeded his father of the same name in his dignity and possessions in 1297. In the 8th Edw. I., when he was scarcely more than six years of age, he married Eve, the daughter of Robert de Tibetot, who had for her portion six hundred marks of silver, and was then nearly thir- teen years old. In the 25th Edw. I. he was in the expedition into Gascony, and in the 26th and 28th Edw. I. attended the King in the wars of Scotland. At the siege of Carlaverock, at which time he was about twenty-seven, he served in the first squadron, but the usual attribute of valour is the only qualification assigned to him by the Poet. He was a party to the Barons' Letter to the Pontiff in 1301, and is described in it as " Lord of Bukenham."d In the 30th Edw. I. he petitioned the King for the office of Butler, which he claimed in right of his grandmother, Amabilla, eldest sister and coheir of Hugh d'Albini Earl of Arundcl ; to whom, he states, in the division of the Earl's property, that office was apportioned.6 Tateshall was summoned to parliament from the 6th February, 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 13th Sept. 30 Edw. I. 1302, and died in 1303; leaving by the said Eve de Tibetot, who survived him, Robert, his son and heir, then fifteen years of age ; but he dying in his minority without issue, the sisters, agreeably to Dugdale, or, according to another authority to which the utmost credit is due/ the mints of the subject of this memoir, or their children, became his representatives. m m m A Ik The arms of Tateshall were, Cheeky Or and Gules, a chief Ermine, e (1 Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. « Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 1/51. f The late Francis Townsend, Esq. MS. Collections for Dugdale's Baronage. e P. 18; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron a" 1301. The latter, how- ever, seems to have been engraved in the life-time of his father, as the arms are distinguished by a label. 2r 162 RALPH FITZ WILLIAM. [PAGE 18.] The career of this Baron differs very slightly from that of his contemporaries ; and the relation of it will therefore present little but a statement of barren and uninteresting facts. He was the son of William Fitz Ralph Lord of Grimsthorp in Yorkshire, and in the 10th Edw. I. paid a fine of one hundred marks for license to marry Margery, widow of Nicholas Corbet, and daughter and coheir of Hugh de Bolebec. In the 24th Edw. I. he succeeded his brother Geoffrey Fit/. William in his lands ; and was summoned to serve with horse and arms in Scotland in the 25th, 26th, and 27th Edw. I. In the year last mentioned he was constituted Lieutenant of Yorkshire and Warden of the Marches, and was joined in a com- mission with the Bishop of Durham and others, to fortify the castles in Scotland. He was present at the siege of Carlaverock in the 28th Edw. I., in the first squadron, under the Earl of Lincoln ; but the only circumstance relating to him noticed by the Poet is, that he made a fine appearance when dressed in his sur- coat of arms ; and in the following year he was a party to the Letter to Pope Boniface the Eighth, in which he is styled " Lord of Grimthorp."h In the 31st and 34th Edw. I. and 4th Edw. II. he was again in the Scottish wars, in the retinue of Aymer de Valence : in the 7th Edw. II. he was made Governor of Berwick upon Tweed, and was joined with Lord Mowbray and others in the wardenship of the Marches ; and in the 8th Edw. II. he was appointed Governor of Carlisle. The Rolls of Parliament afford the following additional particulars of this Baron. In the 34th Edw. I. his proof of having performed knight's service was respited ;l in the 8th Edw. II. he was several times appointed with others to hold inquests ;k in the parliament which met at Lincoln in February, 9 Edw. II. he was a Trier of Petitions from Wales, Ireland, and Scotland ; l and on the 1 7th March, 1' Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. i Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 216 b. k Ibid. pp. 288. 304. 306. 342. 1 Ibid. p. 350. RALPH FITZ WILLIAM. 163 1310, he was one of the peers appointed to regulate the King's household.1™ In the 15th or 16th Edw. II. Alan de Hellcbcck, Clerk, complained that Ralph Fitz William had been appointed by the King, guardian of the castles and lands which belonged to Sir Robert Clifford, in the county of Westmoreland, for the which trust he was fully paid by his Majesty, but that he had obliged the petitioner to take victuals from poor people and others by force, to the value of «5^x., without paying any thing for them, for which payment he was bound ; and he consequently prayed a remedy. It was answered that Fitz William was dead, and that he must proceed against his executors." Upon the death of John Baron Greystock this Baron succeeded by settlement to that lordship, and in 1317 "Greystock" was adopted by his grandson as his surname. The relationship between Fitz William and Lord Greystock is not generally known ; hence the following slight pedigree of that family, compiled from Escheats and other evidence, may prove acceptable. Thomas de Greystock, living 1244. =p= de Greystock, William de Greystock, brother Thomas de Joan.==Ralph Fitz ca 1253, s. p. and heir, ob. 1288. T Greystock. =^= T William. 1 i A RON GREYSTOCK, r Margaret de la r Elizabeth, wife of Thomas n *-• Alice. WiMiarn 35, s. p. Val, ob. 1 Edw. Pickering ; found to be cousin Fitz , ob . ante 1327, III. S. P. and one of garet de la the heirs of Mar- Val, 1 Edw. III. Ralph. T r William, s. p. . . -- — — Peter Backard ; found cousin and one of the RALPH FITZ WILLIAM, succeeded to the lord- heirs of Margaret de la Val, 1 Edw. III. ship of Greystock by settlement, 1305. =p I ---- 1 Robert Fitz Ralph. = Ralph de Greystock. =p * Thus, though the descendants of this Baron assumed the name and inherited the lands of Greystock, they were not the representatives in blood of that family ; unless, which does not appear to be fact, the issue of Thomas de Greystock, uncle of John Baron Greystock, had failed. Ralph Fitz William was regularly summoned to parliament from the 24th June, 23rd Edw. I. 1295, to the 6th October, 9 Edw. II. 1315. He died "an aged man," says Dugdale, about the feast of All Saints, 1316, and was buried at Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 443. n Ibid. p. 400. 164 WILLIAM DE RODS. Nesham in the Palatinate of Durham." By his wife Margery de Bolehec, before mentioned, he had issue two sons ; William, who died without issue in his father's life-time ; and Robert, his successor, who was forty years of age in L31G. The barony of Fitz William, or, as it was afterwards called, of Grcystock, con- tinued vested in the male descendants of the subject of this memoir until the commencement of the reign of Henry the Seventh, when it fell into abeyance among the daughters and coheirs of the last Baron ; and is now in abeyance between their repre- sentatives, the Earl of Carlisle, Lord Stourton, and Lord Petre. The arms of Fitz William were, Barry, Argent and Azure, three chaplets Gules.0 WILLIAM DE ROOS. [PAGE 20.] Among the Barons of the age in which he lived, William de Roos was equally conspicuous by his services and his fidelity to his sovereign ; and although this short memoir of him will present little or nothing which can interest our feelings, it will at least contain ample proof of those qualities which alone commanded n Mr. Surtees, in speaking of the relics of Nesham Abbey in his valuable History of Durham, mentions " a very gallant monumental effigy of a Baron of Greystoke, preserved in Miss Ward's garden at Hurworth. The effigy is, as usual, recumbent ; the hands elevated and clasped on the breast ; the sword hangs from a rich baldric ornamented with quatrefoils, the shield represents a barry coat seme'e of crosslets, the legs are mutilated, but rest on a lion, which seems defending himself against several dogs." Vol. III. p. 260. At the end of that volume is a beautiful en- graving of the effigy alluded to, and which was, in all probability, that of the subject of the above notice. o Page 18; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron, a<> 1301. WILLIAM DE RODS. 16T, respect or excited esteem in the barbarous period in which he flourished. If then, the common error be avoided of measuring the conduct of individuals in the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries by the standard of morality which now regulates society ; if we do not look for the milder virtues in the character of a soldier, and bear in mind that those pursuits which arc at present deemed to dignify mankind, were then thought to be alone suitable to a cloister; and that reckless bravery, a daring and impetuous deportment, a contempt for every species of danger, together with a skilful management of his horse and arms, formed the chief if not the only objects of a nobleman's ambition, the subject of this article will possess some claim to our notice. He was born about the year 1261, and succeeded his father Robert de Roos, in the 19th Edw. I. at which time he stood in the important situation of claimant of the crown of Scotland. His pretensions to that throne appear, however, to have been grounded on no solid foundations, for his great-grandmother, Isabel, in whose right he claimed, is generally considered to have been the bastard daughter of William the Lion ; and consequently upon failure of the legitimate line of that monarch, the issue of his brother, David Earl of Huntingdon, became the next in succession. In the 22nd Edw. I. Roos was summoned to a great council upon the affairs of the realm, and he frequently received writs to attend in the field in subsequent years. About 1295 a remarkable instance of his fidelity to Edward is recorded. Understanding that his kinsman, Robert de Roos, Lord of the Castle of Werk in Northumberland, intended to join the Scots in their invasion of England, he immediately repaired to the King at Newcastle upon Tyne ; and having informed him of the meditated treason, he solicited some assistance to defend that castli , and received a thousand men for that purpose ; but the Scots, being told of the circumstance, entered the village of Prestfen in the night, in which they were quartered, and killed the greater part of them. Edward lost not a moment in retrieving this loss, for he advanced from Newcastle and possessed himself of Work Castle, and in reward of this Baron's loyalty entrusted that fortress to his custody, with power to appoint Robert de Roos, his brother, his deputy during his absence. In the 26th Edw. I. he served in Scotland in the retinue of Ralph de Monthermer ; and in the 28th Edw. I. June, 1300, he was present at the siege of Carlavcrock, being then thirty-nine years of age ; he was on that occasion in the retinue of the Earl of Lincoln ; but the Poet takes no other 2u 166 WILLIAM DE ROOS. notice of him than to describe his banner. In the following year he was a party to the Letter relative to the sovereignty of Scotland from the baronage of England to the Pontiff in which he is described as " Lord of Hamelak." His services obtained a substantial reward in the 30th Edw. T. by the grant of the castle of Werk, which had been forfeited by the rebellion of its former possessor. Roos was again in the Scottish wars in the 31st and 34th Edw. I. ; and in the 1st Edw. II. was, with Robert de Umfreville Earl of Angus, and Henry Baron Beaumont, constituted the King's Lieutenant in Scotland from Berwick upon Tweed to the river Forth, as also in the Marches of Annandale, Carrick, and Galloway. This office was, however, conferred shortly afterwards upon John de Segrave ; and in the 7th Edw. II. he was appointed with others Warden of the West Marches of Scotland. He was commanded to attend in the field for the last time in the 10th Edw. II., and having been summoned to parliament from tho 24th June, 23rd Edw. I. 1295, to the 6th Oct. 9 Edw. II. 1315, died in 1316, at the age of little more than fifty-five, and was buried in the Priory of Kirkliam. By Maud, daughter and coheiress of John de Vaux, he left issue William, his son and heir, then of full age ; John, a younger son ; and a daughter, Ann, wife of Pain de Tibetot. The present representatives of this Baron, whose descendants in the male line enjoyed his honors for several centuries, are Sir Henry Hun- loke, Bart. ; George Earl of Essex ; and Charlotte Fit/ Gerald de Roos, the present Baroness de Roos, in whose favour the abeyance of the barony was terminated on the 9th May, 1806. The arms of Roos are, Gules, three water bougets Argent. P P Page 20; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron, ao 1301. 167 HUGH POINTZ. [PAGE 20.] Less appears to be known of this Baron than of almost any other person of hi* rank who is noticed by Dugdale. He was the son and heir of Nicholas Points of the county of Somerset, and succeeded his fauicr in his lands in the 1st Edw. I. 1273, at which time he was of full age. In the 5th, 10th, llth, and 15th Edw. I. he was summoned to attend with horse and arms in Wales ;i and was present in the wars of Gascony in the 25th Edw. I. ; and in those of Scotland in the 26th, 27th, and 28th Edw. I. In June in the year last mentioned, anno 1300, he was at the siege of Carlave- rock, when he must have been at least forty-eight years old ; and, though the Poet in speaking of him merely describes his banner, yet when noticing Brian Fitz Alan, who bore precisely the same arms, he says that that circumstance had frequently been the subject of a dispute between them. This fact will be again alluded to, both in the account of Fitz Alan and in the notes, because it is illus- trative of the custom at the period that no two persons should bear the same banner. In the 28th Edw. I. Pointz was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope, in which document he is described as " Lord of Cory Malet,"r a manor which he inherited in right of his grandmother, Hclewise, sister and co- heiress of William Baron Malet, and for the relief of which he paid fifty pounds in the llth Edw. I. It appears that the seal which he affixed to that document belonged to his son, for his arms are charged with a label of five points, and is inscribed " S. Nicholai Poyntz."8 In the 35th Edw. I. he petitioned relative to his lands in Somersetshire ;' and, having been summoned to parliament from the 24th June, 23 Edw. I. 1295, to the 26th August, 1 Edw. II. 1307, died in the <) Appendix to the First Peerage Report, pp. 38. 13, 48. 51-. r Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. s Archaeologia, vol. XXI. p. 216. t Rot. Par!, vol. I. p. 196. 108 JOHN DE BEAUCIIAMP. same year. Bv , daughter of , this Baron had issue Nicholas, his son and heir, who was thirty years of age at his father's demise, and who was regu- larly summoned to parliament until his death, when his son, Hugh, inherited the barony. He died in 1333, and left one son, Nicholas Poyntz, who was never summoned to parliament, and died s. p. M., leaving two daughters and coheirs ; Margaret, who married Sir John de Newburgh ; and Avicia, who was the wife of John Barry, but her issue having failed, the barony created by the first writ to the subject of this memoir, is now vested in the descendants of the said Mar- garet Lady Newburgh. The arms of Pointz were, Barry, Or and Gules." JOHN DE BEAUCHAMP. [PAGE 20.] Although the life of John de Beauchamp was not extended to a great age, he served under three sovereigns ; but, so far as the barren facts which are preserved of him allow of the inference, his career was undistinguished by any action of great importance. During the turbulent scenes which he witnessed, he appears to have conducted himself with more than ordinary prudence, and to have escaped with more than ordinary good fortune the vicissitudes which at- tended so many of his contemporaries. He was born in 1273, being ten years of age when he succeeded his father in the 12th Edw. I., and the first notice taken of him by Dugdale is in the 29th » Pp. 20 and 36; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii.; and the seal of this Baron, a<> 1301. JOHN DE BEAUCHAMP. 169 Edw. I., when he obtained a grant from the King of a weekly market and yearly fair in his manor of Hsu-he in Somersetshire ; but it is certain that he had ful- filled some of the duties of his station some years before. In the 24th Edw. I., about which time he became of sige, he was summoned to serve with horse and arms against the Scots;" in January following he was commanded to attend a great council sit Ssdisbury ;? and in the same year to be at London to accompany the expedition into Gsiscony/ In the 26th and 27th Edw. I. he was again sum- moned to the Scottish wars ; a smd in June, 1300, was present at the siege of Carlaverock. His deportment is described to have displayed grace and ardour, and as he wsis then but little more than twenty-seven years of age, we may con- clude that his personal appearance attracted much attention. In the 29th Edw. I. Beauchamp wsis a party to the Letter from the Barons to Pope Boniface, in which he is styled " Lord of Hache ;"b and in the 34th year of that monarch we are told that he received the honor of knighthood with Prince Edward, the King's eldest son, but it is much more probable that it was the son of this Baron who was then honored with that dignity, for it is almost incredible that he should not have been knighted many years before. Beauchamp was summoned to the field upon numerous occasions during the reign of Edward the Second ; and in the 14th Edw. II. he succeeded his mother in her lands, at which time he is said to have been forty years old, but his age must have been nearer forty-seven, as he is stated to have been ten at his father's death in 1283, and which is corro- borated by his having a writ of service addressed to him as early as the 24th Edw. I., when, it is evident, he was of full age. In the 2nd Edw. II. he paid a fine of xx marks to be allowed to sunortize certain hinds at Stoke in Somerset- shire, for the support of five chaplains to sing in the chapel of St. Nicholas of that place.0 John de Beauchamp was summoned to parliament from the 29th December, 28 Edw. I. 1299, to the 22nd January, 9 Edw. III. 1336, in which year he died ; leaving by Johanna, daughter of Chenduit, two sons ; John, his successor in his honors, then siged thirty ; and Thomas, his second son.d * Appendix to the First Peerage Report, p. 72. y Ibid. p. 78. * Ibid. p. 80. a Ibid. pp. 98. 100. 104. 107. 110. b Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report, c Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. '274 b. d Marl. MSS. 1559. 2x 170 7TT\ TTTL TJTJ KING EDWARD THE FIRST. In 1.360 the barony of Beauchamp fell into abeyance between tbe granddaughters of this Baron ; namely, Cecily, who married, first, Sir Roger Seymour, ancestor of the Duke of Somerset, and, secondly, Sir Gilbert Turbeville ; and Elea- nor, the wife of John Merrett. The arms of Beauchamp of Somerset are, Vaire.e KING EDWARD THE FIRST. [PAGE 22.] Neither the limited space to which the memoirs of the individuals who were at Carlaverock must be confined, nor the immediate object with which they are introduced, will justify even a biographical sketch of this monarch. The life of a sovereign is the history of his reign ; hence it would be hopeless in this place to attempt to give any satisfactory account of him whose name is so com- pletely identified with the annals of this country. All then which will be said of Edward will relate to the information respecting him which is afforded by the Poet. At the time when he is spoken of he had just completed his sixty- first year, and we learn that he led the third squadron of the army which in- vested Carlaverock castle in June It300. His conduct towards his enemies, the Poet says, resembled the lions on his banner, for to them he was fierce, haughty, and cruel ; whilst his vengeance was terrible to those who excited his displeasure. Towards such, however, as submitted to his power, his kindness was soon re- kindled, and he possessed every qualification which should distinguish the chief- tain of noble personages. It is worthy of observation that the simile in the P. 20; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. ; and the seal of this Baron, ao 1301. JOHN OF BRITTANY. 171 Poem respecting the royal arms, likewise occurs in some contemporary Latin verses lately published from the City archives : anglor* nobilitf boratuiS £t ct £'tabi(i)5 tanquam lcopart>u£, ct non Deb.li£, toelop et non potnpo.su.si JOHN OF BRITTANY. [PAGE 22.] John dc Dreux, afterwards Earl of Richmond, was the youngest son of John Duke of Brittany, by Beatrice Plantagenet, second daughter of King Henry the Third. He was born in 1266, f and we learn from the Poem that he was placed under the protection of his uncle, King Edward the First, at a very early age ; and that he served him with great zeal and fidelity. The first information which is recorded of him by Dugdale is in 1293, when he states that he was General of the English army then sent into Gascony. In the following year, being the King's Lieutenant in Brittany, he was joined in commission with the Seneschal of Aquitaine and others to conclude a league with the King of Castile, upon which mission he accordingly proceeded. In a skirmish with the French near Bourdeaux in the 24th Edw. I. he was taken prisoner, and in the 27th Edw. I. as a reward for his eminent merits, he received a grant of one thousand pounds per annum out of the exchequer until a better provision should be made for him. At the siege of Carlaverock, in the 28th Edw. I., he is commemorated by the Poet of the event, and the particulars which he gives of him are important materials for his memoir. It has been just observed, upon that authority, that f Anderson's Royal Genealogies. 272 JOHN OF BRITTANY. John de Dreux was placed with the English monarch when a child, and that he had repaid his uncle's kindness by devoting himself to his service. He was, we learn, handsome and amiable, and occupied a situation in the march close to the King. The courageous behaviour of his followers also receives the Poet's commendation, for he tells us that they were fierce and daring as lions of the mountains.? In the 33rd Edw. I. he was constituted Lieutenant of Scotland, with a grant of three thousand marks per annum out of the issues of that king- dom ;h and in the same year he was summoned to parliament as a Baron, by writ addressed to "John dc Brittany junior," tested at Wymingwcld on the 13th July, 33 Edw. I. 1305 ; shortly after which, namely, in the parliament which met at Westminster on the Sunday next after the feast of St. Matthew following, he was appointed a Trier of Petitions.1 On the loth October, 1306, he was created Earl of Richmond, and was summoned to parliament by that title on the 3rd of the ensuing November. He was one of the mainpernors for Amaric de St. Amand, who was a prisoner in the Tower of London in the 33rd Edw. I. ;k and was present in March, 1305, at the non-allowance of a papal provision.1 On the 22nd of March, 35 Edw. I. 1307, he was commanded to attend Edward the King's son into France;"1 in the same year he was forbidden to disturb Eleanor de Genovere in the enjoyment of her dower of the third part of the manor of Biwell;n and in the 1st of Edw. II. was again constituted Lieutenant of Scotland. On the 17th March, 3 Edw. II. 1310, the Earl of Richmond was one of the peers appointed to regulate the royal household;0 in the 6th Edw. II. he was nominated one of the commissioners to open the parliament, when he is styled the King's dearest kinsman ;P and in the 12th Edw. II. was one of the noblemen engaged in the treaty between the Earl of Lancaster and the King.i The Earl was taken prisoner by the Scots in the 13th Edw. II. ; and Dugdale re- lates, upon the authority of Walsingham, that the King required for his ransom a subsidy in parliament in the 17th Edw. II., but he could not obtain it, and the money was raised by contribution from his tenants. He had, however, recovered g P. 81. 1> Rot. Pat. 33 Edw. I. m. 6, cited in Banks's Stemmata Anglicana. i Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 159. k Ibid. p. 176 b. 1 Ibid. p. 179 b. m Foedera, N. E. vol. I. p. 1012. n R0t. Parl. vol. I. p. 199 a. ° Ibid. p. 443 b. P Ibid. p. 448 a. q Ibid. p. 45-K JOHN OF BRITTANY. 17.3 his liberty in the 18th Edw. II., when he was one of the ambassadors sent by Edward to the King of France on the subject of the Duchy of Acquitaine. These are the only facts which are known of one of the most eminent person- ages in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, but it is necessary to add that he has been suspected of having designed to murder the Queen and her son Prince Edward. No evidence of the truth or injustice of this charge can now be adduced, and it would therefore be idle to enter into any discussion on the subject. The Earl of Richmond survived the accession of Edward the Third several years, but the only circumstance related of him after that event is that, in the 1st Edw. III., he obtained a license to grant the Earldom of Richmond to his brother Arthur Duke of Brittany ; that in the 5th Edw. III. he received a similar permission to grant to Mary St. Paul, Countess of Pembroke, some, castles and manors belonging to that earldom ; that in the 7th Edw. III. leave was given him to reside beyond the sea ; and that he bestowed ^300 on the building of the church of the Grey Friars in London, and presented it with several valuable jewels and ornaments. This celebrated nobleman is said to have died on the 17th January, 1334,r though the inquisition on his demise was not taken until the 8th Edw. III. anno 1336. He was never married ; and was buried in the church of the Cordeliers at Nantes.8 The Earl was about sixty-eight years of age at his decease, and was consequently thirty-four when he served under King Edward at the siege of Carlaverock. The arms borne by the Earl of Richmond were, Cheeky Or and Azure, a bor- dure Gules charged with lions passant gardant of the First; a quarter Ermine:1 or as they are blazoned in the contemporary MS. which has been so frequently referred to, " Les armes de Garine, a un quarter de Ermine, od la bordure de Engleterre."" This coat presents an example of the arrangement of different r Anderson's Royal Genealogies ; but according to the Histoire de Bretagne, tome I. p. 243, ed. 1750, he died on the 7th January 1333-4. s Histoire de Bretagne, ed. 1750, tome I. p. 243, where he is also stated to have presented to the cathedral church of that city a cross of gold enriched with a large piece of the true cross and many relics. Other authorities assert that the Earl was buried at Vannes in Brittany. * P. 22. u Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. 2 Y 174 JOHN DE BARR. I V I i M arms upon the same shield before the system of quartering was adopted, which is too curious to be allowed to pass unobserved. The arms of Dreux were cheeky Or and Azure: on the marriage of that house with the heiress of Brittany, they placed the coat of that family, Ermine, on a quarter ; and, as a distinction, the ensigns of the subject of this memoir were surrounded by a border of England, his mother's arms. JOHN DE BARR. [PAGE 24.] The trouble which has been taken to obtain some particulars of this individual has not, unfortunately, been attended with the slightest success ; and it can only be conjectured from his arms that he was one of the ten children of Thibaut second Count of Bar, who died about 1296, by Jean de Toci.x As Henry Count de Bar, the eldest son of Thibaut, had a few years before married Eleanor, the daughter of King Edward the First, it is highly probable that the brother of his son-in-law served in his retinue ; and as his name occurs imme- diately after the King's nephew, John of Brittany, it would appear that he was also attached to the royal person in con- sequence of that alliance. The arms of John de Barr were those of his family, Azure, semee of cross crosslets, two barbels endorsed Or, within a bordure engrailed Gules/ * L'Art de Verifier Acs Dates. y P. 24. In the church of Berwick St. John in Wiltshire, is the effigy of a knight in mai] armour, whose shield is charged with the coat of Barr, and apparently within a bordure. It might possibly have been this individual, though the conjecture is unsupported by any other evidence than what the arms present. 175 WILLIAM DE GRANDISON. [PAGE 24.] The life of William dc Grandison was not distinguished by any event which entitles him to consideration. He was the younger brother of Otho de Grandi- son, and the first notice which occurs of him is that, for his faithful services though in a menial capacity to Edmond Earl of Lancaster, that nobleman re_ warded him with the manors of Radley and Menstreworth in Gloucestershire, by deed dated on the llth October, 10 Edw. I. 1282. In the following year he obtained a confirmation of that grant from the King, and also of such estovers as he was accustomed to have in the forest of Dene for repairing of his flood- gates in that manor. He petitioned to be recompensed for his loss in some pre- mises in Dimock in the 18th Edw. I.,z and in the same year held an inquest at Ewelowe.8 In the 20th Edw. I. license was given him to make a castle of his house at Asperton in Herefordshire ; and in the 22nd Edw. I. he was in the expedition into Gascony. From the 25th to the 31st Edw. I. Grandison was frequently in the Scottish wars ; and in June 1300 the Poem records that he was present at the siege of Carlaverock. No notice of his person or character occurs, and we can only infer from other circumstances that he could not have been then less than forty years of age. He was summoned to parliament from the 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 10th Oct. 19 Edw. II. 1325, and is men- tioned as being present at the parliament which met at Carlisle in the octaves of St. Hilary, in the 35th Edw. I. 1307.b It appears from the Rolls of Parliament that he petitioned for a writ de allocate relative to some debts due from him to the Grown,0 and that he was on one occasion bail for his brother Otlio,d but the precise years when these circumstances took place cannot be ascertained. This Baron was again summoned to serve in the wars of Scotland in the 8th Edw. II., in which year he obtained an allowance of .^103. 6*. 8rf., to be paid out of the Exchequer, in recompense of some horses which he had lost in Gascony in the Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 61. » Ibid. p. 64. h Ibid. p. 188 b. Ibid. p. 4.62 b. d Ibid. p. 4-64 b. 176 WILLIAM DE GRANDISON. service of King Edward the First, the value of which was certified by Henry Earl of Lincoln, who was then Lieutenant of that province. William de Grandison married Sybilla, youngest daughter and coheiress of John Baron Tregoz. Dugdale states that they exchanged the manors of Idenne and I haii i in Sussex with Edward the First for a rent of ^46. 6*. 3d. out of the manors of Dertford and Cranstede in Kent, but it is manifest from their peti- tion to the King in the 8th Edw. III. that they had exchanged the manors in question for that of Dymok ; for, after stating that such was the case, they com- plained that the tenants of Dymok had never attorned to them, and entreated that they might be compelled to do so.e With that record of this Baron our information respecting him closes, excepting that he died in 1355, leaving three sons : Peter, who succeeded him in his honors, and who was then forty years of age ; John, Bishop of Exeter ; and Otho ; also three daughters : Katherine, wife of the Earl of Salisbury ; Agnes, who married John de Northwode ; and Mabel, who was the wife of Pateshull. Peter, the next Baron, died s. p. L. in 1358, when that dignity devolved upon John, Bishop of Exeter, his bro- ther, upon whose demise, in July, 1369, Thomas de Grandison, his nephew, son of his brother Otho who died in 1364, became his heir, and who was then thirty years old. The said Thomas died s. P. in 1375, when the representation of the William Baron Grandison, the subject of this article, became vested in the issue of his sisters above-mentioned. The arms of Grandison are, Paly Argent and Azure, on a bend Gules three eagles displayed Or.f Rot. Parl. vol. II. p. 83. f P. 24. ; and Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. 177 ELIAS D'AUBIGNY. [PAGE 24.] The information given by Sir William Dugdale of this Baron scarcely extends to six lines ; nor can much be added to his statement. He succeeeded his brother Philip in the Barony in the 22nd Edw. I. 1294, at which time he was thirty years old;? and, from the only notice which occurs of him on the Rolls of Par- liament, we learn that he was born out of the realm ; for in the 23rd Edw. I. the King, in consideration of the services which he and his ancestors had rendered to him and his predecessors, granted that in all his courts he should be con- sidered an Englishman, or, in other words, he was then naturalized.11 He was summoned to parliament from the 2nd Nov. 23 Edw. I. 1295, to the 22nd Jan. 33 Edw. I. 1305 ; and it appears from the Poem that he was present at Carla- verock in June, 1300, when he was about thirty-six years of age, and upon which occasion his courteous deportment is alluded to. He died in the 33rd Edw. I. 1305 ;' and, though Dugdale says that he, " with Hawise his wife, conferred on the canons of Newhus, in the county of Lincoln, for the health of the soul of William de Albini (who gave them Saxelby and other lands in that county), all their right in the church of Saxelby, viz. the third part thereof, with certain lands in Dryholrne, on the south side of Fossedike ; his sons, Oliver and Ralph, con6rm- ing the grant ;" it is evident, from the inquisition on his death, that his wife's name was Johanna, and that Ralph, his son and heir, was then only eleven years old.k Ralph Daubeney, the son and heir of this Baron, who did not become of age until 1315, received but one writ of summons to parliament ; and none of his de- scendants were deemed Barons of the realm until the reign of Henry the Seventh, g Esch. eod. ami. h Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 135 a. ' Esch. eod. ann. k Esch. 12 Edw. II. No. 14. 2z 178 EURMENIONS DE LA BRETTE. when Giles Daubeney, the great-great-grandson and heir of the Baron who was at Carlaverock, was created Baron Daubeney by patent, dated 12th March, 1486. His pre- sent representatives are the coheirs of the barony of Fitz Warine. The arms of Daubeney are, Gules, a fess engrailed Argent.1 EURMENIONS DE LA BRETTE. [PAGE 26.] Though evidently not a native of England, few persons were so constantly engaged in the diplomatic affairs of this country in the fourteenth century as this individual ; and from one circumstance, which will be particularly noticed, it would appear that he enjoyed the highest reputation for sagacity and wisdom in the councils of Edward the First and Second. All which is known of him has been derived from the Fredera, hence the few particulars which have been ascer- tained stand upon unquestionable authority ; and they undoubtedly entitle him to much consideration. La Brett was descended from a noble family in Gascony, and the earliest record in which he is mentioned informs us of the name of his father ; for on the 4th April, 1289, by the appellation of our faithful valette, son of the late Amaneus de le Brett, Knight, the King, in reward of his services, granted him the parish 1 P. 24; and Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. The arms of Daubeney are usually blazoned, Gules, four fusils in fess Argent; but see some observations in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. XCVI. part I. p. 410, attempting to prove that such blazon is a corruption from the original bearing, both in this and in many other instances of similar charges; for example, Dinham, Mar- shal, Raleigh, &c. EURMENIONS DE LA BRETTE. 179 of Pissons and other lands in Gascony and Acquitainc.m On the 3rd July, 1294, he was appointed one of the ambassadors from Edward to treat with those of the King of Spain ;n and he received a similar appointment to the Pope in January, 1296, in which he is styled a Knight.0 A few years afterwards, namely on the 22nd April, 1299, he was constituted one of the commissioners for placing cer- tain lands and inhabitants of Gascony in the hands of the Pope;P and he was one of the ambassadors who executed the treaty with the Pontiff at Mostreul sur Mer on Friday before the feast of St. John the Baptist in the same year.i The next occasion on which he is mentioned is in the preceding Poem, from which we learn that he was at the siege of Carlaverock ; but all that is said of him relates to his banner, nor is there any evidence from which his age can be ascertained. On the 26th Sept. 1300, by the description of Amaneus Lord of la Brette, he, the Earl of Lincoln, Otho de Grandison, and Hugh le De- spenser, were appointed ambassadors to the Pope;r and on the 25th April, and 29th October, 1307, he was selected by Edward to treat for peace between England and France.9 The latter appointment is thus alluded to by Peter de Langtoft : !3;. #or perille of guilh gopnges* the fting purtoeieD to go, &ir «3!on °E ^agtpngeg ty tea*! firgt of tjjo, 3nD <|>ir <£tmrp tljc SSrette, to ^agcopne forto toenDc, 3to bioe fyt terme js'ette, tljc treu.s Ijota it .s'ulD On the 6th April, 1305, he was ordered to treat with a French prelate for the exchange of certain castles ;u and in the same year was nominated, with the Bishops of Chester and Lincoln, the Earl of Warwick, Lord le De- spenser, Otho de Grandison, and others, to deliver a message from the King to parliament." Upon the young Prince Edward's voyage to France in March, 1307, La Brette, with the Earls of Richmond and Warwick and other noblemen, were commanded to attend hiin.y It is evident that he survived the accession of Edward the Second, but the only notice of him in that reign deserving of atten- m Foedera, N. E. tome I. p. 708. »» Ibid. p. 805. » Ibid. p. 834. P Ibid. p. 906. q Ibid. p. 907. r Ibid. p. 922. « Ibid. pp. 940. 945. t p. sis. u Fcedera, vol. I. p. 971. * Hot. Par!, vol. I. p. 210 b. y Feeders, vol. I. p. 1012. 180 EURMENIONS DE LA BRETTE. tion, is one which tends to establish the high opinion that was entertained of him ; for by a writ tested on the 5th April, 1312, the King, from a full reliance on his former services both to his father and himself, entreated him in the most urgent manner to attend a council on some important affairs.2 His name again occurs in February, 1314,a but nothing more can with certainty be said of him, though, as it is just possible from the dates that it might have been the same person, it is necessary to observe that a Sir Amayen de la Brett, whose arms were, Gules, a lion passant gardant in chief Or, was at the siege of Calais, with a retinue of three knights, twelve esquires, and seventeen hobilers, under Edward the Third, in 1346 ;b and that the name of the " Sieur de la Brett" often occurs on the Rolls of Parliament about the same time.c In all probability, however, the Sir Amayen last mentioned was the son of the subject of this article, for if living he must have been nearly eighty years of age. The merits of Eurmenions de la Brette can only be inferred from his services, and this criterion justifies the opinion that he was celebrated for his talents in council rather than for his prowess in the field. Of his marriage, issue, and death, nothing is known ; but, from the fact just men- tioned, it would seem that he was succeeded in his lord- ship in Gascony by a son of his own name, and who also appears to have been a person of much consideration. The arms of Eurmenions de la Brette were merely Gules. Fcedera, vol. II. p. 163. a Ibid. p. 242. Mores' Nomina et Insignia Gentilitia, &c. p. 96. Vol. II. pp. 222 b. 236 b. 299 b. See also Calend. Rot. Pat. 34 Edw. III. 181 HUGH DE VERB. [PAGE 26.] Few of the individuals who were at Carlaverock were so distinguished by their birth and actions as Hugh de Vere. He was a younger son of Robert Earl of Oxford, by Alice, the daughter and heiress of Gilbert de Sandford. The first notice which occurs of him is in the 21st Edw. I., when, being in the wars of France, he was appointed Governor of St. Cyverine ; and in the following year he was present at the ratification of the peace made between England and that country. In the 25th Edw. I. he was sent, with the Bishops of Winchester and Ely, the Earl of Pembroke, and others, to treat for peace with France, and re- mained in Gascony in the King's service for some time. He was ordered to Rome upon an important mission in the 26th Edw. I., and in the 29th Edw. I. was employed with the Earl of Warren to treat with the French ambassadors relative to a peace with Scotland. At the siege of Carlaverock, in June, 1300, this Baron served in the third squadron, and the Poet's description of him and his banner are equally minute. In the February following Vere was a party to the Letter from the Barons to the Pontiff, in which he is styled " Lord of Swains- chaumpfP in the 33rd Edw. I. he was one of the manucaptors of Almaric de St. Amand, who was then a prisoner in the Tower of London ;i and in March in the same year he was present at the non-allowance of a pap.il provision.11 He was again in the Scottish wars in the 34th Edw. I. ; and upon the accession of Edward II. he and his wife were commanded by writ, tested on the 8th Feb. 1 Edw. II. 1308, to attend the King and Queen's coronation.8 Hugh de Vere was summoned to parliament from the 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 3rd March, 11 Edw. II. 1318, and is presumed to have died about the 12th Edw. II. without issue. He married, before the 25th Edw. I., Dionysia, daughter and eventually sole P Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. q Rot. Pad. vol I. p. 176. r Ibid. p. 179 b. - Fcedera, N. E. vol. II. p. 31. 182 JOHN DE RIVERS. I heiress of Warine de Montchensy, and obtained livery of the lands of her brother, who died in that year, as a reward, Dugdalc says, for his services, as she was not then of full age. This lady died without issue in the 7th Edw. II., when Aymer de Valence, afterwards Earl of Pembroke, was found to be her heir. The arms of Hugh dc Vere were, Quarterly Gules and Or, in the first quarter a mullet Argent; the whole within a bor- durc indented Sable.' The border was assumed as a difference from the arms of his brother the Earl of Oxford. JOHN DE RIVERS. [PAGE 26.] As this family, though unquestionably Barons of the realm, escaped the atten- tion of Sir William Dugdale, but very little is known of them. John de Rivers, who was at the siege of Carlaverock, is stated to have been the son and heir of a person of the same name, and to have succeeded him in his lands in the 22nd Edw. I." Besides the circumstances already mentioned, all which is recorded of him is, that he was summoned to parliament from the 6th Feb. 27 Edw. I. 1299, to the 26th August, 1 Edw. II. 1307 ;x that he was a party to the Letter from the Barons of England, in February, 1301, to Pope Boniface the Eighth, in which he is styled" Lord of Angre,"? but his seal is not attached to that » Page 26; Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii.; a contemporary painting on glass in the south win- dow of the chancel of Dorchester church in Oxfordshire ; aud the seal of this Baron a° 1301. From the latter it would appear that his crest was a boar passant. See some observations on the point in the Archaeologia, vol. XXI. u Banks's Stemmata Anglicana. x Appendix to the First Peerage Report. y Appendix to the Fourth Peerage Report. JOHN DE RIVERS. 183 document ; and that in the 4th Edw. II. he paid ten marks for license to enfeoff John, his son and heir, of his said manor of Aungre.z This Baron died in 1311, leaving his son John his heir, who was also summoned to parliament, and died circa 1339. Edmund, his son, died s. p. M., whose daughter, Katherine, was his heir. She was twice married ; first, to William Lenthall, by whom she had a son, John, who died on the 13th Feb. 17 Hen. VI. s. p. ; and, secondly, to John Hall, but it does not appear that she had any issue by him. Upon the death of John Lenthall above mentioned, in the 17th Hen. VI. William Bulkelcy, of Eaton, co. Chester, son and heir of John, eldest son of Bulkeley, by Christian, daughter of John second Baron Rivers, and grand- daughter of the Baron who was at Carlaverock, became his representative. The arms of Rivers, according to the Poem, were, Mas- cally Or and Gules ; a but the contemporary MS. so fre_ quently cited states that they were, " De Goules, a vj mascles de Or ;b and which Glover evidently deemed to be the correct blazon, as he has drawn them in a very similar manner in the MS. from which the annexed wood-cut was copied. * Banks's Stemmata Anglicana, on the authority of Orig. 4 Edw. II. rot. 18. » Page 26. b Cotton MSS. Caligula, A. xvii. 184 MAURICE DE CREON. [PAGE 26.] It is extremely difficult, even if it be not impossible, to identify this knight ; for, although the family whose name and arms c he bore were not only one of the most illustrious in Anjou, but were nearly related to King Edward the First, the attempt to ascertain in what way he was connected with it has wholly failed; nor has any thing concerning his life or character been discovered. The genea- logy of the house of Craon is minutely detailed by Monsieur Augustin du Paz, in his " Histoire Genealogique de plusieurs Maisons Illustrcs de Brctagne," from which it appears that Maurice Sire de Creon, son and heir of Maurice de Creon, by Isabel de la Marche, sister of William de Valence Earl of Pembroke, and uterine sister of Henry the Third,d died in February, 1293, hence it is impossible it could have been the individual mentioned by the Poet. No other Maurice occurs in the pedigree until the birth of the grandson of that Baron in 1309, consequently no light is thrown on the point by that work. In July, 1280, Morice Sire de Craon, and Greforoi de Grenville, two of Edward the First's c The arms of Craon of Anjou were, Lozengy Or and Gules, but the terms lozengfe and mascallfe were often used synonymously in the fourteenth century. d This marriage is thus proved by records, from which it will also be seen that the said Isabel remarried the Duke of Burgundy, a fact unnoticed by Du Paz, from whom however we learn that she died on the 14th January, 1299-1300, and was buried in the dress of the order of St. Francis in the chapel of St John the Baptist which her son Maurice de Creon had built in the church of St. Francis in Angers. P. 755. Fcedera, vol. I. p. 278. — The grant of a pension to " our sister Isabel, who was the wife of Mau- rice de Craon, of c marks per annum," 10th July, 35 Hen. III. 1251. See also the Calendar to the Patent Rolls. Calend. Rot. Pat. 4O Hen. III. — " Marriage between Isabel de Croun, sister of the King, and the Duke of Burgundy." Ibid. 54 Hen. III. — The King restored Maurice de Croun, his nephew, to the manor of Bourne, which, the record states, had belonged to Almaric his father, though it is evident, from the above extracts from that Calendar, as well as from the Fcedera, that his father's name was Maurice. Query, if it should not have been, « Almaric his grandfather?" ROBERT DE CLIFFORD. 185 Knights, addressed a letter to him, reporting their proceedings with the King of France relative to the King of Castile;6 and in a letter from Edward to the French monarch on the same subject, dated in 1282, he states that he had ordered " our cousin Monsr Morice dc Croun, and our subject John dc Greilly," to represent to him that, in consequence of the wars in which he was engaged in Wales, he could not assist him against the King of Spain/ But these notices apparently refer to the Baron who is said by Du Paz to have died in 1293 ; and it is uncertain whether the Maurice de Craon who was a guardian of Robert de Montalt in 1290,e was the knight who served at the siege of Carlaverock, though it is extremely probable. As the Poet merely calls him the good Maurice de Creon, and states that his arms were the same as those borne by John de Rivers, no information is afforded on the point in question, and it would therefore be useless to say any more upon the subject. The arms of Maurice de Craon appear to have been, Mascally Or and Gules ; or, more probably, Gules, seven mascles Or.h ROBERT DE CLIFFORD. [PAGES 27 AND 28.] Among the Barons of Edward the First's court there was one, who, whilst equal in birth and possessions to any of his compeers, stood almost unrivalled in the splendour and extent of his services. In every military event he is recorded to have occupied a distinguished station ; nor for a long series of years did a e Fcedera, tome I. p. 583. I> Page 26. f Ibid. p. 607. 3B e Rot. Parl. vol. I. p. 39 a. 186 ROBERT DE CLIFFORD. circumstance of the least importance occur without that individual having shared in a pre-eminent degree in its dangers or responsibility. In this description every one who is at all acquainted with the history of the commencement of the four- teenth century cannot fail to recognize Robert de Clifford ; and these remarks are not only justified by the pages of chroniclers and the national records, but they are corroborated by the Poet of the siege of Carlaverock, who has devoted a larger space to him than to any other person, and in the most emphatic and poetical manner says that he was possessed of every possible merit. His lineage being particularly alluded to, some attention must be paid to the subject, both because it illustrates a passage in the poem, and evinces the critical knowledge of genealogy possessed by the writer. Why Scotland could testify his exalted birth is not easily explained, excepting that his possessions were in the vicinity of that kingdom ; nor is the exploit which is said to have been per- formed by the Earl Marshal at Constantinople in slaying an unicorn, which probably referred to a tradition familiar at the time of some deed of one of the Marshal family in the Holy Land, elsewhere commemorated ; but his descent from that house " through his mother" is thus shewn : William Earl Marshal, Earl of Pembroke,=^Isabel, dau. and heiress of Richard Earl ob. 1219. of Pembroke. Maud de Marshal, sister and coheiress of Anselm Earl MarshakpHugh Bigot Earl of Norfolk, ob. and Earl of Pembroke. 9 Hen. III. 1224. Ralph Bigot, 3d son.zpBerta, dau. of Lord Furnival. Isabel Bigot, dau. and heiress.=pJohn Fitz Geoffrey. Isabel Fitz Geoffrey, dau. and=pRobert de Vipount, Lord of Westmoreland, ob. coheiress. 49 Hen. III. 1264. Isabel de Vipount, eldest dau. and=pRoger de Clifford, ob. vita patris, coheiress. 11 Edw. I. 1282. ROBERT DE CLIFFORD, son and heir, succeeded his grandfather Roger Lord Clifford 1285. Robert de Clifford was the eldest son of Roger de Clifford, who was acci- dentally slain between Snowdon and Anglesey in 1280, and whose merits are highly eulogised by the Poet. He was born about Easter, April, 1274 ; and in the 14th Edw. 1. 1286, he succeeded his grandfather in his baronial honours, being then twelve years of age. In the 13th Edw. I. he was found to be one of the heirs ROBERT DE CLIFFORD. 187 of Ralph de Gaugy, and paid ,^100 for his relief; after which, the next circum- stance which has been found recorded of him is, that he was summoned to attend the King with horse and arms in his expedition beyond the sea on the 4th May, 25 Edw. I. 1297;' and on the 26th September following he was ordered to be at Carlisle, similarly equipped to serve against the Scots, at the ensuing feast of Pentecost ;k but Dugdale asserts that he was present at the battle of Dunbar in the 24th Edw. I. ; that in the 25th Edw. I. he was sent with a hundred men at arms and twenty thousand foot from Carlisle to plunder in Scotland, and that after much slaughter he returned with considerable booty on Christmas eve. In that year he was also appointed Justice of all the King's forests beyond the Trent ; in the 26th Edw. I. he was made Governor of Nottingham Castle ; and in the 27th Edw. I., being constituted the King's Lieutenant and Captain General in the counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancaster, and throughout Annan- dale and the Marches of Scotland, he was joined in commission with the Bishop of Durham and others to consider of the means of garrisoning the castles in that kingdom, and for guarding the Marches. Clifford was again summoned to the Scottish wars on the 7th May, 27 Edw. I. 1299 ;' and received his first writ to parliament on the 29th December in the same year. The early age at which this nobleman was entrusted with these important duties is worthy of remark, for he did not attain his majority till 1295, and consequently could not have been above twenty-five when he was thus honoured with his sovereign's confidence, a fact which