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CLEMSON LIBRARY
Zion National Park Statement for Management
June 1987
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DEFINITION
The statement for management (SFM) provides an up-to-date inventory of the park's condition and an analysis of its
problems. It does not involve any prescriptive decisions
on future management and use of the park, but it provides
a format for evaluating conditions and identifying major issues and information voids.
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Zion National Park
United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service
116
80,008-A
JULY '84
I. LOCATION
Zion National Park is in southern Utah in Washington, Kane, and Iron Counties and the First Congressional District .
II. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
The erosional features of the area were originally protected by Presidential Proclamation No. 877 on July 31, 1909, when President Taft established Mukuntuweap National Monument. In 1918, the monument was enlarged and the name changed to Zion National Monument. The enlargement was effected to protect "...unusual archeological , geologic, and geographic interests...," and to provide opportunities for visitor enjoyment of its grandeur and scenic features. The proclamation also states that the entire area should be preserved intact for the purpose of scientific research and for the enjoyment and enlightenment of the public. The monument received National Park status in 1919. (See Appendices A and B for Summary of Legislation affecting the park. )
Several themes are represented in Zion National Park as a function of its proximity to the Colorado Plateau. The park is situated on the western extremity of the Colorado Plateau Province and encompasses the southern and western perimeter of the Kolob Terrace, a southern extension of the Markagunt Plateau, which is delineated by the Hurricane Fault on the west and the Sevier Fault on the east. Rocks of the Cambrian through Eocene sequence are exposed in the Zion area. The characteristic topography of this area, as evidenced by the sculptured landscape, is large plateaus bounded by receding escarpments. The arid climate and spasmodic rainfall promote canyon cutting. Surface water is not a significant feature. The rivers and streams are characterized by turbid water which has incised deep canyons. Watershed damage, water withdrawal, and human activities have altered water conditions in the area. Due to the downcutting of the Virgin River, Zion Canyon provides an outstanding display of exposed Triassic and Jurassic sediments, the most spectacular of which is the 2 ,000-foot-thick Navajo sandstone. These formations continue west and north of Zion canyon proper to the Kolob "finger" canyons, where the Navajo sandstone cliffs take on added color and vie with the folding and faulting for attention. A secondary geologic feature, but hardly less spectacular than the sedimentary rocks, is the volcanism which is evidenced
especially in the western section of the park by lava flows and cinder cones representing many different ages .
Vegetation in Zion National Park is characterized by desert species at the lower elevations, the pinyon- juniper complex at the middle elevations, and the ponderosa pine-Douglas fir-white fir complex at the higher elevations.
III. INFLUENCES: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
A. LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
Zion National Park is a natural area and is planned and managed as such, by a resident Superintendent, in accordance with the administrative policies for this category, as set forth in the various acts of establishment, including the Antiquities Act of 1906 and the National Park Service Act of 1916 and 1978 (16 USC 1A) .
The erosional features of the area were originally protected by Presidential Proclamation No. 877 (36 Stat. 2498) on July 31, 1909, when President Taft established Mukuntuweap National Monument. On March 18, 1918, President Wilson signed Presidential Proclamation No. 1435 (40 Stat. 1760) which enlarged the monument and established the name change to Zion National Monument. The area received national park status by the provisions of the Act of November 19, 1919 (41 Stat. 356). Subsequent Presidential Proclamation No. 2221 of January 22, 1937, established a Zion National Monument adjacent to the then existing park. The park and monument were combined in 1956 by an act of Congress. The acts of Congress which guide the management of Zion National Park are as follows:
Act of Congress November 19, 1919 (41 Stat. 356)
Act of Congress June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 593)
Act of Congress May 28, 1928 (45 Stat. 787)
Act of Congress June 13, 1930 (46 Stat. 582)
Act of Congress July 11, 1956 (70 Stat. 527)
Act of Congress February 20, 1960 (74 Stat. 4)
Act of Congress October 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 971)
The management of Zion National Park is also guided by, but not limited to, the following acts, contracts, and agreements .
1 . Concessions/Visitor Services
a. TW Recreational Services, Inc., the principal concessioner in Zion National Park, provides lodging, food service, gift merchandising, interpretive tram and bus tours, and miscellaneous services, and is operating under Contract CC 1590-04-0002, implemented on January 1, 1984, and continuing through December 31, 2003.
b. Bryce/Zion Trail Rides, Inc. provides horseback services and is operating under Contract 1590-1-0001 which expired on December 31, 1984. The concessioner operated under amendatory extensions in 1985 and 1986. A new contract is nearing completion. The concessioner continues operation under the old contract in 1987.
c. The cooperating association, Zion Natural History Association, provides visitor-convenience items consisting of film and related supplies and stamps, in Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and Pipe Spring National Monument, under Concession Permit CP-1590-6-0001 with effective dates of October 1, 1985, through September 30, 1989. Zion Natural History Association also operates under an agreement that expires October 1, 1987, to allow general operations within Zion National Park.
2. Fire Protection and Management
a. A cooperative fire protection agreement with the Rockville/Springdale Fire Protection District was signed by both parties in January 1984 and is in effect. The agreement provides for secondary response from the National Park Service for structural and wildfire assistance in the adjacent communities of Rockville and Springdale. Reciprocally, the Fire Protection District will serve as a secondary support for fires in the park. This outside fire response capability alters the long-standing policy which required the Park Service to provide total fire protection to adjacent communities.
b. An agreement was signed October 1, 1982, between the Department of Interior and the Department of Agriculture to give authority to the various field units to cooperate in wildland fire management and suppression activities. Zion participates as one of eleven cooperating units in a local agreement. An operating plan is updated and signed annually.
3 . Highways
The Act of February 20, 1960, authorized the Secretary to convey to the Utah State Road Commission certain lands deemed necessary for the realignment of U.S. Highway 91 (now Interstate 15). Additionally, an agreement with Utah Department of Transportation is being drawn up to allow for a realignment and improvement of highway lanes at the park's South Entrance.
4 . Land Acquisition
The Act of February 20, 1960, revised the boundaries, added land to the park, and authorized the Secretary of the Interior to acquire privately-owned lands or interests within said boundaries. The Land Acquisition Plan of 1980 is superseded by the Land Protection Plan (LPP) , which was approved in 1984 and updated in January, 1987, and which prescribes a more liberal approach for land protection through less-than-f ee acquisition where possible.
5 . Utilities
a. The Act of May 28, 1928, provided for the relief of the Town of Springdale, Utah, by diverting water from within the park.
b. Agreement with the Town of Springdale, Utah, dated October 20, 1976, provides for the delivery of culinary water to the town for an agreed-upon fee and in exchange for pipes , tanks , and other property within the park. An additional agreement addressing similar water issues was signed in November 1985.
c. A sewer construction agreement with the Town of Springdale, Utah, provides facilities outside the park for the transport and treatment of all wastewater generated from park facilities in Zion Canyon. Under this agreement, the Service provided a portion of the funds required to construct a sewage transport and treatment facility for the town.
d. A formal right-of-way agreement with the Springdale Irrigation Company needs to be prepared to provide for activities along the irrigation canal or along a proposed pressurized pipeline. A maintenance agreement also needs to be completed for either the ditch or pipeline.
e. Garkane Power Company supplies electricity to the East Entrance of the park.
f. It is necessary to prepare formal right-of-way agreements and special use permits authorizing electric and telephone utility operations and corridors throughout the park. Companies to be so permitted will include Mountain Bell and Utah Power and Light. Previous special use permits are inadequate and do not comply with NPS-53.
6 . Wilderness
Wilderness recommendations were submitted to Congress on April 9, 1975. This required the management of 130,984 acres as wilderness. These recommendations were updated in 1982, but Congress has not acted upon them at this time.
7 . Cultural Resources
A cultural resources draft plan has been submitted to WASO for review. When formal revision is completed, a final plan will be done. The park now has a completed List of Classified Structures.
8 . Water Resources
Executive Order 11988, "Floodplain Management;" Executive Order 11990, "Protection of Wetlands;" and Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts. There are several dams proposals for the park's main watershed, which could cause significant alterations to the ecosystems in the park. The adjudication process of the Virgin River began in 1986. The park staff is assisting the Fort Collins Water Resources Division in gathering data for the Justice Department's defense of a Federal Reserved Water Rights claim in court.
9 . Air Quality Resources
The Clean Air Act of 1976 and the Clean Air Act amendment of 1977, recognized the need to protect the exceptional visibility in the national parks. Zion is designated as a Class I visibility area. Visibility monitoring in the park continues to provide air quality data for airshed protection.
B. RESOURCES
The park comprises an area of 146,551.10 acres, and ranges in elevation from approximately 3,700 feet to 8,700, feet representing four life zones--Lower and Upper Sonoran , the Transition, and a limited area of the Canadian. From various observation points in the park, panoramic vistas can be viewed showing the variety and diversity of the surrounding landscape. The clean, dry air allows the viewing of distant features such as the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona.
Characterizing the lower elevations are such plants as creosote bush, mesquite, blackbrush, and cholla cactus; while the higher plateaus support stands of Douglas fir, white fir, blue spruce, and aspen. In between is a wide variety of plant life with varying adaptations such as cottonwood, ash, and boxelder of the riparian habitat; the pinyon-juniper pygmy forest of the talus slopes and mesa tops; and sagebrush and scrub oak associations phasing into stands of ponderosa pine through the Transition zone. The plateau is dissected by numerous steep and narrow canyons where there is sufficient shade and moisture to invite montane types of vegetation to invade the lower elevations. Conversely, some species more typical of the desert may be found on dry, exposed sections of the plateau top. Hanging gardens drape the canyon walls in places where water, seeping through porous sandstone, keeps them permanently wet. Here also is found the endemic Zion snail, which has adapted to a cliffside habitat.
Although animal life is less restricted than the vegetation and many species roam freely throughout the range, a few are characteristic of their respective habitats. Representative of the desert communities are the roadrunner , Sonoran woodrat , and antelope ground squirrel; while the Clark's nutcracker, Steller's jay, golden mantled ground squirrel, and yellow-bellied marmot occupy the montane environment. The larger mammals found in the park are deer, coyote, mountain lion, bobcat, and beaver. A few reintroduced desert bighorn sheep are occasionally sighted.
Recent archeological studies suggest that there may be many more prehistoric sites in Zion National Park than were indicated during archeological studies in the 1930' s. Parunuweap Canyon contains at least 33 recorded sites. An excellent petroglyph site lies just off the East Entrance approach road. In Cave Valley, a
site exhibits varied and unusual pictographs. At the upper end of the Oak Creek residential area is a group of colored pictographs which were partially buried by a waterline overflow in the early 1930' s.
History plays a comparatively minor but fascinating role in the Zion story. A number of sites lend understanding of the struggles of the Mormon and other early settlers; most notable is the cable works atop Cable Mountain. This fragile structure remains from the turn of the century, when lumber was lowered from the high plateau to the canyon floor. In connection with the cable, there are lumber mill sites at Sawmill Spring and Stave Spring. Other historic sites include irrigation canals in Pine Creek and Zion Canyon and at least two pioneer trails in Parunuweap Canyon. These are in the vicinity of Steven's Wash and Shunes Creek, the latter being known as the Wiggle Trail which was used to transport mail between Long Valley and Toquerville.
Zion National Park has a limited inventory of basic resource data. Studies of various phases of the natural sciences have been made since the early 1920' s. However, much of the work is lacking in detail and scope and much additional work is needed to provide adequate information to protect the resource. There is a need for continuing observations to determine the effects of heavier visitor use and changing land-use practices in the surrounding area on air and water quality, wildlife, and plant life. In order to provide data, monitoring has been conducted in the valley and at Taylor Creek in the Kolob Canyons for the past several years. The Canyon telephotometer will not be officially operational after May 1, 1987, because of a lack of support from the Air Quality Division.
The documentation of local and more recent historic events is under way, and, although only one pioneer structure other than canals and trail remnants exists, a roster of former residents has been contacted for an oral history that will add to the historic lore of the canyon. An initial survey of historic and archeological sites was conducted early in 1976, but only in the southern portion of the park. While most of the prehistoric structures have eroded down to their foundations, the locations have been mapped. Yet, intensive studies of the sites could reveal much about the former inhabitants. Actually, the extent and significance of Zion's cultural resources are still largely unknown. A detailed List of Classified
10
Structures survey, along with a separate archeological survey, was conducted in 1984. A final List of Classified Structures was completed in 1986.
In recent years, maintaining all concession utilities, plus providing the Town of Springdale with culinary water, has become a continuing part of the maintenance program. Maintenance of facilities in Zion National Park is complicated by flash floods, by the continuing erosion of the Virgin River, and by rock slides which are very common in this area. The river is controlled at several sites to protect manmade structures and facilities. Efforts are made to protect and blend all facilities with the natural features of the park. During low water, these structures are a barrier to fish movement in the river.
C. LAND USES AND TRENDS
There are 146,551.10 acres within Zion National Park of which 3,757.14 acres are in private ownership. All State of Utah fee and mineral lands have been exchanged for lands outside the park. The private lands are used for cattle grazing. Several have recreational cabin sites, and there is an old tavern, a gravel pit, and numerous tracts which have no activity. It is difficult to manage parklands interspersed with private lands. Some livestock trespass takes place and some environmental impact is noted. Since 1985, 11 miles of new fence have been constructed and 12 miles of old fence rehabilitated. Additional construction is planned for FY's 87 and 88. (Refer to the park's land protection plan for more detail.)
Zion National Park encompasses some of the most scenic canyon country in the United States. The region abounds in natural, cultural, and recreational attractions; such as, Bryce Canyon and Grand Canyon National Parks, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Cedar Breaks and Pipe Spring National Monuments , and the Kaibab and Dixie National Forests. The proximity of the Piute and Navajo Indian Reservations adds to the diversity of the visitor attractions in the area.
The Zion region is in a state of economic transition. Historically, the economy centered around small-scale farming, ranching, logging, and mining; the remnants of which are still visible today. However, improved access, specifically along Interstate 15 and Interstate 70, has encouraged vacationers—originating from once-remote metropolitan centers such as Los Angeles,
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Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, Denver and Phoenix--to visit the area, and tourism has recently become a major factor in the regional economy. Indicative of the changing economy is the fact that St. George and Cedar City, the region's major urban centers, have both recorded economic upswings — in part the result of the enterprises evolved to serve the needs of visitors.
Concurrent with the economic changes are changing environmental problems. While grazing and logging operations have been greatly reduced in the Virgin River watershed, there has been a boom in summer-home development. Also, there is a strong possibility of mining operations opening on the headwaters of several park watersheds. If the proposed Warner Valley coal-fired power plant movement comes to life again, it could pose air quality problems to the park. Scenic views long used by the visiting public could be degraded by airborne pollution from power plants and associated mining activities. The population increase, which the project may bring about, could also have an effect on the regional economy. A possible slurry pipeline, for the transportation of coal from Alton, Utah, to the markets south of the park, would skirt the southeastern watershed of the park, if built.
Zion National Park is bordered by public and private lands. The Bureau of Land Management administers roughly 60 percent, State-owned land amounts to 1 percent or less, and the balance is in private ownership. It is significant that the more fragile and strategic areas, namely the watersheds and high plateaus, are nearly all private. There are no National Forest lands adjacent to Zion National Park. In this delicate zone, more and more ranchers are subdividing their land and more and more summer property owners are adding to the pollution of streams and ground water and subjecting the area to accelerated erosion. There is growing pressure for improving and upgrading the Kolob Reservoir Road which passes through the park.
On March 30, 1984, the House Subcommittee on Public Lands and National Parks conducted a hearing on H.R. 1214, a bill designed to transfer jurisdiction of certain lands from the Bureau of Land Management to the National Park Service because of their wilderness value but limited size. As a result of the hearings, the National Park Service was given time to prepare resource assessments of the proposed additions to the boundary to determine the desirability and
12
appropriateness of such a proposal. Park and regional personnel assessed the value of 10 wilderness study areas (WSA's) adjacent to Zion National Park following criteria given by the Director, and six such areas were submitted for inclusion within the park. The WSA's, as recommended in 1984 and again in 1987 for consideration are, in priority order, as follows: 1) North Fork, 2) Deep Creek, 3) Orderville, 4) La Verkin Creek, 5) Watchman, and 6) Goose Creek.
Portended developments, industrial or domestic, will certainly result in the degradation of air and water. As peripheral developments increase, Zion National Park will become more of a wilderness island, but management will continue to be confronted with the formidable challenge to maintain any semblance of wilderness. The quality of every visitor's park experience will be lessened proportionately.
D. VISITOR USE ANALYSIS
The annual visitation pattern generally continues to rise. This rise has averaged out to about 5 percent for the 10-year period from 1976 to 1986. With the opening of the Kolob Canyon's Visitor Center on Interstate 15 in 1984, visitation increased substantially.
The park experiences a visitation season that begins in March and lasts through October. The increase in March occurs during the spring breaks of educational institutions. Easter vacation brings even larger numbers of visitors and the visitation continues to climb as young families and travelers from northern areas enjoy this area's balmy spring weather. Spring weekends are usually quite busy. Heavy visitation in June, July, and August reflect school vacations across the country and throughout the world. When fall months arrive, the snowbirds begin to move south again, but they linger in the park into November unless chased out by early winter storms.
Holiday periods bring additional visitation. In recent years the visitation at the Zion Canyon Visitor Center has been running from 3,000 to 4,000 daily during Easter, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day weekends, depending on extant weather conditions. The visitor centers typically receive approximately 40 percent of the total park visitation for a given day.
An increase in weekend visitation is particularly
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Zion National Park
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noticeable during the pleasant spring and fall months as people from the Las Vegas and Salt Lake City areas make their weekend escapes to Zion.
A census of visitor origin indicates that 33 percent of the total park visitation are residents of California, 20 percent are international visitors , and 30 percent are Utahans . At the present time, German citizens are the largest international group, with significant representation from other parts of Europe. It is interesting to note that more citizens of Korea and China visit the park than do citizens of Japan.
Over 90 percent of visitor use is concentrated along 25 miles of road which includes the Zion-Mt. Carmel Highway (part of Utah State Route 9) , the 6-mile Zion Canyon scenic drive, and the Kolob Canyons road. Heavy traffic congestion throughout the park (and particularly within Zion Canyon) during summer and holiday periods is infringing upon the quality of the visitor experience and is resulting in resource degradation along the roads.
Since 1980, annual backcountry use has slightly increased, with most of the increase occurring from 1984 through 1986. The backcountry-use season in Zion usually begins in April and declines in October. The use normally peaks in May or June, depending on the weather. The heaviest hiking-use periods coincide with holidays and spring school breaks. In winter, the plateau areas accumulate significant snow and the canyons become cold and wet. However other park areas, which are too hot in the summer, become pleasant offering year-round hiking opportunities in Zion.
From 1984 to 1986, the number of backcountry permits issued increased from 1594 to 1725, an 8.2 percent increase. The number of permit user-days went from 12,089 to 13,497, an 11.6 percent increase. Permits are issued for all overnight use or climbs, and through canyon day-use in the Zion Narrows.
The majority of day-hikers visit frontcountry areas. Day hike information, for both frontcountry and backcountry trails, is generated from trail registers, trail counters and interpretive walk records. Trail register and counter results are conservative. (High density use on trails with trail counters has resulted in twenty to fifty percent accuracy rates. Surveys of trail register compliance indicates rates of less than 25%.) Trail-use reports have been compiled for the
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years 1980 - 1986 and show a range of from 174,692 to 228,267 total hikes per annum. Based on registration compliance rates and counter accuracy estimates, trail use is estimated at between 700,000 and one million hikes for 1986.
Other overnight backcountry-use data gathered for the years 1980 - 1986: 1) the average length of stay ranges from 1.57 to 2.13 nights, 2) the average party size ranges from 2.34 to 2.92 persons, 3) trail use accounts for 76 percent of the total permit user-days, and 4) off-trail use takes up 24 percent of the total user-days .
The Zion Canyon and Kolob Canyons' Visitor Centers are open every day of the year. Interpretive programs, such as guided walks and evening programs , are offered from mid-March to early November, while daily demonstration talks are presented during the busiest part of the season. Between June and early August, the Zion Nature Center conducts programs for children 6 through 12 years old. The annual Southern Utah Folklife Festival takes place on the Thursday, Friday, and Saturday following Labor Day.
E. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ANALYSIS
1 . Nonhistoric Roads and Trails
There are 60 miles of paved roads and 16 miles of unpaved roads. There are 139 miles of trail which can be further catalogued as 116 miles of backcountry trails and 23 miles of paved, frontcountry trails.
Two tunnels are located on State Highway No. 9 which traverses the park east to west. The larger 1.1-mile tunnel was completed in 1930. Both tunnels and 10 bridges on Highway No. 9 within the park are included on the List of Classified Structures. There are 10 foot-bridges, 20 miles of irrigation ditches, with two diversion dams on the Virgin River, and two protection dams for under-river utilities.
2 . Nonhistoric Buildings and Facilities
There are 72 buildings and structures containing over 87,000 square feet. These buildings fall into three broad categories—visitor service facilities, park operation support facilities, and buildings leased by the concessioner. All buildings in the park have been inventoried, photographed, and documented for park
16
review and possible inclusion on the List of Classified Structures .
Five new handicap campsites were constructed and eleven restroom facilities were renovated during 1987, to increase access for disabled persons.
Two auto campgrounds with amphitheaters are adjacent to the South Entrance and have a total of 373 sites. An eight-site primitive campground is located at Lava Point.
3. Utility Systems
Domestic water is supplied from within the park from six separate springs and two wells. Storage capacity totals 1.55 million gallons. Production capability is approximately 350 gallons-per-minute combined for all systems. Consumption at peak use is approximately 350 gallons-per-minute, including 60 gallons-per-minute provided to the Town of Springdale, Utah. In emergency situations, up to 120 gallons-per-minute are allocated.
The primary waste water collection system is tied directly to the Springdale town sewer system for disposal. Five roadside vault toilets and six septic systems provide sewage disposal for Kolob Canyons, East Entrance, Lava Point, and the horse concession operation.
Electric power is provided by Utah Power and Light Company and Garkane Power Company. A solar photovoltaic system provides limited electrical services for the Lava Point Ranger Station. Most overhead power and telephone lines have been removed and placed underground.
4 . Historic Structures
The significance of the historical resources within Zion National Park derive from their association with four historic themes: (1) pioneer Mormon settlement; (2) transportation — trails , roads, bridges, and tunnels; (3) concessionaire as well as Park Service structures designed and built in the National Park Service (NPS-Rustic) architectural style; and (4) archeological considerations. Cultural resources located within the boundaries of Zion National Park are significant and extensive. Presently, the park has two historic areas entered in the National Register of Historic Places. They are the 60-acre Cable Mountain
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Draw Works Site and the Zion Lodge Historic District.
The Zion Lodge Historic District contains several significant examples of "Rustic-style" architecture: five duplex and ten quadraplex cabins, the mattress storage cabin, the food storage shed, the female dormitory, and the male dormitory. These unobtrusive structures built of native materials, were designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood for the Utah Park Company and set the style for later construction in the park.
Other Zion buildings which retain "NPS-Rustic" architectural integrity and which have been nominated for the National Register include the Nature Center, checking station and comfort station (South Campground) , three residences and two garages (Pine Creek) , the Grotto residence and comfort stations (Grotto Picnic Area), five maintenance buildings, Ranger Dormitory, seven residences and four garages (Oak Creek Historic District) , the tack and storage cabin (Kolob Canyon) , the East Entrance residence and checking station (East Entrance) , and the machine shop and five-stall shed (Birch Creek Utility Area) .
Other park structures eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places include the East and South Entrance Signs, the Virgin River Bridge (at Canyon Junction), the Pine Creek Bridge, the Zion-Mt. Carmel Tunnel, and the Zion-Mt. Carmel Highway.
Park structures that need to be evaluated include the Steve Hollow and Lemon Springs Lumber Mill Sites, the La Verkin Creek Cattle Trail Corral, and the Lava Point Fire Lookout.
In addition, approximately 26 miles of maintained trails — constructed before 1935--are located within the park's borders. These horseback trails and hiking footpaths are comprised of hundreds of manmade improvements including rock slab retaining walls, observation platforms, rock-work and wood bridges, sandstone benches, and intricately-chisled switchbacks. Many of these were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Project Administration, and Public Works Administration personnel.
5 . Major Equipment
Maintenance shops are well equipped for automotive, plumbing, electrical, carpentry, roads, trails, and related maintenance activities utilizing end loaders,
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motor grader, backhoe, road roller, oil distributor, road broom, tractors, mowers, crane truck, liquid asphalt storage, and explosives storage. A fleet of General Services Administration vehicles and several National Park Service-owned "Cushman type" vehicles are utilized for park operations.
A gasoline and diesel fuel storage/distribution area is located at the park maintenance area.
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20
G. EXISTING MANAGEMENT ZONING
1 . Natural Zone
Total acreage in the park is 146,551 acres. Of this total 142,154 acres are zoned as natural. Within this natural zone are two subzones—wilderness and natural environment. The wilderness subzone represents the resources that have been recommended for wilderness and are presently managed to protect the wilderness values. This subzone contains 130,984 acres. The known archeological resources are found along the Zion Canyon/ Parunuweap Canyon areas and are protected as part of the wilderness and natural environment subzones. The natural environment subzone, totalling 11,170 acres, contains resources that are available for environmentally-compatible recreational activities, and it is managed to protect the natural environment. A total of 3,747 acres of land within the boundary of the park, and within the natural subzone, is privately-owned and is primarily used for agricultural purposes .
2 . Development Zone
These are areas of park development and intensive use which are managed to serve the needs of park management and the largest number of park visitors. These areas (approximately 200 acres) are as follows:
South and Watchman Campgrounds (109 acres)
Zion Canyon Visitor Center, administration building, and parking area (2 acres)
Oak Creek residential area and maintenance area (16 acres)
Watchman residential area (16 acres)
Pine Creek residential area (4 acres)
Birch Creek concession area, water storage facility, and sewage facility (3 acres)
Weeping Rock parking area (1 acre)
Concessions lodge and cabins (21 acres)
Lodge water storage facilities (1 acre)
21
To Ml Carmel
Legend
— park boundary _» public use road ... park operations road
mm
v^r\
inholding access road-
7b Cedar City
to be closed
natural zone (97%) wilderness subzone
natural environment subzone
development zone (1.25%) (see narrative for historic zoning)
special use zone ( 1 .75 %)
To Cedar City
visitor center
. w ^admfnlstrative building
ak Creek / j^tjsj^rjtjaY Area
/ maintenance' area
<%,
. South a Watchman Campgrounds
• Watchman Residential Area
N
<^
j Taylor Creek Entrance
Existing Management Zoning Map To virgin zion National Park
Kerne, Washington, a Iron Counties, Utah Un„.d s,o,.. D.par.m.n, <rf th. mfrior-NCioo* id s.™c
To
SI George
l'6 I SO.Q62 JULY '84 I RMRO
Grotto picnic area (3 acres)
Temple of Sinawava parking area and comfort stations (3 acres)
East Entrance (2 acres)
Lava Point (2 acres)
Kolob Canyons Visitor Center and parking area (2 acres)
Kolob Canyons picnic ground (2 acres)
Gravel pit-Kolob Terrace Road (2 acres).
In these areas, there exists a total of 51 structures within 3 historic districts which are eligible for inclusion on the List of Classified Structures and nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.
IV. MAJOR ISSUES
A. ACCESS
Several popular back-country destinations can be accessed only through private lands. A major thrust of this administration is to isolate these issues, obtain legal opinions relative to each, communicate and cooperate with park neighbors controlling these access points, and resolve access issues through easements, cooperative agreements , and land exchanges .
B. LIVESTOCK TRESPASS
Park land has been encroached upon in several locations due to inadequate fencing and unacceptable grazing practices of several park neighbors/ inholders . As with the access concern, this is a major issue and will require operating funds to construct, maintain, and monitor fence lines in areas of trespass .
C. WATER ADJUDICATION
The Federal government has now been enjoined by the State of Utah for the determination and adjudication of water rights in Zion National Park. It is the responsibility of the National Park Service to determine both consumptive and non consumptive water needs in preparation for this legal process. The park staff is working with the Fort Collins Water Resources Division in gathering data for this process. Other
25
issues associated with water rights include concern for potential impact of hydroelectric and diversion dams on the North Fork of the Virgin and Crystal Creek; the culinary water supply to the Town of Springdale, Utah; and water impoundments on Camp Creek and Shunes Creek and the East Fork of the Virgin River.
D. Z1QN CANYON FACILITIES AND CONGESTION
A voluntary tram system in Zion Canyon, as suggested in the Zion Canyon Development Concept Plan, has not been initiated. A full transportation study is needed to address alternative actions for alleviating the congestion problem.
E. ZION/MT. CARMEL TUNNEL
Of equal concern is the increasing use of the tunnel by large recreational vehicles, driven by inexperienced operators who are not aware of clearance requirements. Improved signing and measuring devices, and vehicle convoys led by rangers are being used to better control the problem that is the result of a tunnel constructed in 1930, predating the development of today's larger vehicles .
F. WILDERNESS STUDY UNITS
Ten parcels of Bureau of Land Management land adjacent to and contiguous with Zion National Park have been studied for their appropriateness as inclusions to the park. A study in June of 1984 provided the data necessary to support the addition of six of the ten units. The criteria for inclusion was based on scientific, scenic, and recreational needs in harmony with a definite management concern. Three of these units were recommended for inclusion based on their importance in protecting watersheds above the park, to ensure ecological maintenance of the Virgin River and its tributaries.
G. AIR QUALITY
Monitoring and preservation of the Class I airshed in Zion National Park has been an ongoing process for several years. The park staff operates a camera system in Taylor Creek (an area of Kolob Canyons) to document air quality.
26
H. ADJACENT ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
There is a great potential for energy development, particularly coal, to the east and north of the park. Major concerns revolve around air and water quality effects of coal mining and the development of access roads to previously-remote areas. An additional concern that needs to be addressed is the visibility impact of major equipment moving or working within the park viewshed.
V. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
A. NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION
To protect and enhance the natural scenic values of the park by eliminating existing incompatible uses and the possibility of such uses in the future, and to secure — through cooperative agreements, easements, acquisition, and other appropriate means--a land base adequate to achieve the park's purpose.
To maintain the quality and flow of water from all
natural water sources that have been traditionally
important in serving domestic needs and in perpetuating the park's ecological communities.
To the degree possible, to restore and perpetuate the
native plant and animal life and natural evolutionary
forces that existed prior to disturbance by European man.
B. PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES
To identify, evaluate, monitor, preserve, and interpret the park's cultural resources in a manner consistent with historic preservation law, National Park Service policies, and the natural resources conservation objectives .
To establish the existing archeological sites to the extent possible, and to enhance public appreciation of archeological remains.
C. DATA BASE COLLECTION
To secure, through research or other means, adequate information to perpetuate the park's natural resources, preserve its cultural resources, and provide diverse opportunities for environmentally-compatible public use of the park.
27
D. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND ORIENTATION
To orient visitors to the park's resources, recreational opportunities, and visitor services by providing--on a year-round basis--inf ormational materials and opportunities for personal contact with the park staff at the central visitor center and at other appropriate locations in the park. (Safety, and interpretive messages are broadcast over the Travelers' Information Stations.)
E. PUBLIC USE
To provide opportunities for appropriate year-round public enjoyment of the park, except in areas such as the Narrows during periods of flooding; in areas in which weather conditions preclude the safe use of the area, such as in winter months; and in other areas as may be deemed necessary for park management.
To foster public understanding and appreciation of the park's unique geological features through interpretive programs and devices that focus on the forces responsible for their continuing evolution.
To provide secondary interpretive emphasis on the park's other natural features and cultural resources.
To promote safe use of the park through a network of well maintained trails and improved access to back-country trailheads.
F. CONCESSIONS
To ensure that concession facilities are of the minimum and quality necessary to provide essential visitor services in the park.
G. DEVELOPMENT
To ensure that future park development is constructed in environmentally-compatible locations, away from flood-prone areas, eroding areas, rock-slide zones, and other natural hazards in a manner that minimizes energy consumption and maintenance cost.
H. COOPERATION
To cooperate with other governmental agencies, local communities, private organizations, and members of the public in:
28
1. Planning and developing appropriate commercial and recreational facilities in environmentally-compatible locations outside the park.
2. Ensuring that grazing, logging, mining, summer-home development, and other land uses in the park's immediate vicinity are compatible — to the greatest degree possible—with long-term perpetuation of the park's scenic vistas and natural values.
3. Ensuring that energy development in the park's airshed is implemented in a manner that preserves existing air quality in the park.
4. Maintaining a deer herd in the park and in reestablishing native wildlife species such as Gambel's quail and desert bighorn, where scientific evidence shows that such reestablishments are ecologically desirable and technically possible (particular cooperation needed with Utah State Division of Wildlife Resources and regional universities) .
5 . Studying and monitoring air and water quality in the park in order to develop programs for their improvement and protection from degradation.
29
APPENDIX A 54 II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION
MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT
Embracing Sections 3,4,5,6,8,9,10,14.15.16. 2I.2Z.23.Z6.27.2S
35and34 inT4O5.RI0; and all of ihc ''u-untuwtop cc'-jon
in T4I5. RIO all west of the Salt Lake Meridian
UTAH
//A".".'/ Monument Bounjj/y
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GENERAL LAND OFFICE Fred Dennett, Commissioner
30
APPENDIX B
16. Zion National Park
Muluntuvrtap National Monument established: Proclamation (No. 177) of July SI, 1 909 $1
Zion National Monument established: Proclamation (No. 14J5) of March It.
I91f 51
MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT,1 UTAH »Y THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
[No. 177— July 31, 1909—36 Stat. 2491]
Whereas, the Mukuntuweap Canyon, through which flows the North Fork of the Rio Virgin, or Zion River, in Southwestern Utah, is in extraordinary example of canyon erosion and is of the greatest scientific interest, and it appears that the public interest would be promoted by reserving it as a National monument, with such other land as may be neces- sary for its protection ;
Now, therefore, I, William H. Taft, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the power in me vested by Section 2 of the Act of Congress approved June 8, 1906, entitled, "An Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities", do hereby set aside, as the Mukuntuweap National Monument, the Mukuntuweap Canyon of the North Fork of the Rio Virgin, or Zion River, embracing Sections three, four, five, six, eight, nine, ten, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty- six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, thirty-three and thirty-four, Township forty South, Range ten, and all of the said canyon of the Rio Virgin, or Zion River, in Township forty-one South, Range ten. all west of the Salt Lake Meridian, Utah,- as shown upon the diagram hereto attached and made a part of this proclamation.
Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure or destroy any feature of this National Monument, or to locate or settle upon any of the lands reserved by this proclamation.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this 31st day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nine, and of the
[seal] Independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty- fourth.
Wm. H. Taft.
By the President:
Huntington Wilson,
Acting Secretary of State.
Zion National Monument, Utah*
by the president of the united states of america
A PROCLAMATION
[No. 1435 — Mar. IS, 1911— »0 Stat. 1760] Whereas, It has been established by the research of competent observer!
•Name changrd to Zion National Monument by proclamation of March IS, 1911, immroSaieljr following.
> Monument vat establithrd ai Zioo National Park by act of November 19, 1919 (41 Sul JS«). Set Vol. I. p. 217.
53
31
II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION
55
that certain lands directly bordering upon tlic Mukuntuweap National Monument, reserved by proclamation dated July 31, 1909, said monument and adjacent lands being in the State of Utah, contain many natural features of unusual archaeologic, geologic, and geographic interest, unknown at the time the monument was created,
And WHEREAS, The archacologic features perttain to the prehistoric races of America and to the ancestral Indian tribes,
AND WHEREAS, The geologic features include craters of extinct volcanoes. fossiliferous deposits of unusual nature, and brilliantly colored strata of unique composition, among which are some believed to be the best repre- sentatives in the world of a rare type of sedimentation,
And whereas, The features of geographic interest include a labyrinth of remarkable canyons with highly ornate and beautifully colored walls, in which arc plainly recorded the geologic events of past ages,
And whereas, It appears that the entire area herein referred to should be preserved intact for the purpose of scientific research and for the enjoyment and enlightenment of the public,
And whereas, The canyon of the North Fork of the Virgin River, the principal natural feature of geologic and geographic interest included within the boundaries of the said Mukuntuweap National Monument, was named "Zion Canyon" by Mormon settlers many years before the name "Mukuntuweap" was given to this region because it was regarded as a safe refuge in the event of Indian attacks on neighboring settlements,
And whereas, The name "Zion" is still applied to this region to the exclusion of the name "Mukuntuweap,"
And whereas, It is desirable that the national monument embracing said region shall bear the generally accepted name "Zion,"
Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested by section two of the Act of Congress entitled "An Act for the preservation of American antiquities," approved June 8, 1906 (34 Stat., 225), do pro- claim that there are hereby reserved from all forms of appropriation under the public-land laws, and set apart as the ZiorrNational Monument, certain tracts of land particulaily described as follows, to wit, all of township forty- south, range ten west; all of township forty south, range ten and one-half west, with the exceptions of sections one and two; sections one, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, thirty- five, and thirty-six of township forty south, range eleven west; sections one, two, three, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, twenty -two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, and twenty-seven of town- ship forty-one south, range eleven west; and sections one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, the noith half and southeast quarter of twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty- four, twenty-five, twenty-six, the south half and northeast quarter of twenty-seven, thirty, thirty-four, thirty-five, and thirty-six of township forty-one south, range ten, all west °f the Salt Lake Meridian in the State of Utah, which tracts include the «nds embraced in the Mukuntuweap National Monument as reserved by the proclamation of July 31, 1909, and that the boundaries of said Zion National . Monument arc as shown on the diagiam hereto attached and nude a pai t hereof.
Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate or !"jure any natural feature of this monument or to occupy, exploit, settle, or
32
•56 i|. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION
locate upon any of the lands reserved by this proclamation.
The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and control of this monument, as provided in the Act of Congress entitled "An Act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes," approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535).
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done in the District of Columbia This eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen, and [seal] of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty-second.
Woodrow Wilson. By tKe President: Robert Lansing.
Secretary of Slate.
33
II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION
UTAH
•t::':.".^',:j:t rx :tt.c::°" cwashincton county?
"• 0****»' ********** 0**<*Vj
£***"'*"~f s**'),"**','* /JO is -». >#
I.KM
hta«
N ■ ■0 — r
^**v
I
ZION NATIONAL. MONUMENT
57
34
17. Zion National Park
Pag*
Act of November 19, 1919, establishing the Zion National Park 217
Excerpt from act of June 7, 1924, authorizing the exchange of alienated
liodj in the Zion National Park for other lands 217
Act of May 28, 1928, for the relief of the town of Sprinsfdale, Utah 217
Act of June 13, 1930, adding certain lands to the Zion National Park 218
An Act -To establish the Zion National Park la the State of Utah, approved Kovemher 19, 1919 (41 Stat. 356)
B< it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tive* of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Zion National Monument, in the SSjmSjT"1 county of Washington, State of Utah, established and ■"•«><•» oatiooai designated as a national monument under the Act of 5?.""^ to. June 8, 1906, entitled "An Act for the preservation of l£*\£ **• American antiquities," by Presidential proclamations of »•{• »«. p- »•_•• : July 31, 1909, and March 18, 1918, is hereby declared to ~L 40, + be a national park and dedicated as such for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, under the name of the Zion National Park, under which name the aforesaid national park shall be maintained by allotment of funds heretofore or hereafter appropriated for the national monuments, until such time as an independent appropria- tion is made therefor by Congress. (U.S.C., title 16, sec. 344.)
Sec. 2. That the administration, protection, and pro- fflffy^ff1™^ motion of said Zion National Park shall be exercised y^J"^ _ jjj. under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior bysMp. t.' the National Park Service, subject to the provision of the Act of August 25, 1916, entitled "An Act to estab- lish a National Park Service, and for other purposes," and Acts additional thereto or amendatory thereof. (U.S.C, title 16, sec. 345.)
Xxcerpt from " An Act To establish the Utah National Park in the State of Utah," approved Jane 7, 1924 (43 Sut. 593)
The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to E.l<*jn?10,J_
I t' «• »• i- » i J % 2 » alienated lands
exchange, in his discretion, alienated lands in * * * in Zion National Zion National Park for unappropriated and unreserved public lands of equal value and approximately equal area in the State of Utah outside of said park. (U.S.C, title 16, sec. 346.)
An Act For the relief of the town of Springdale, Utah, approred May 28, 1928 (45 Stat. 787)
Be it enacted by the $enat* and flouzc of Representa- tives of the United States of AuXenca in Congress asseni-
217
Park lor other lamia
35
218
LAWS FOR NAT. PARK SERVICE, PARKS, A MONUMENTS
BpriorMt. u«fch. bled, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby awthor- Sau/'rra ized ar>d directed, under such reasonable regulations as STn«ilp Zjo° ^e ma^ Presor>De? to grant permission to the town of Springdale, Utah, to divert through such piping facili- ties as may be necessary, for domestic and other uses within the limits of said town of Springdale. Utah, water from certain springs in the Zion National Park. Utah, situated at the head of what is known as Oak Creek, which crosses the main highway about one-half mile below the park boundary, and located in approxi- mately section 20, township 41 south, range 10 west. Salt Lake meridian.
Aa Act To add certain landi to the Zion National Park it the Stat* of Utah, and for other purposes, approved Jn_ae 13, 1930 (46 Sut. US)
Be it enacted by the Senate and Heme of Representa- tives of the United States of Arjierica in Congress assem- bled, That sections 7, 17, 18. 19, 20. 29. 30, 31. and 32. •dd«d to. township 41 south, range 9 west; unsurveyed sections 5. 6, 7, 8, 17, and 18, township 42 south, "range 9 west: unsurveyed sections 5, 6. 7. and 8, township 42 south. range 9y2 west; unsurveyed actions 1. 2. and the north half and southeast quarter section 3: northeast quarter section 4, east half section 10. sections 11 and 12. town- ship 42 south, range 10 west: all of section 21. south- west quarter section 22. northwest quarter section 27. southeast quarter unsurveyed section _'S: c-ast half unsur- veyed section 33, township 41 south, range 10 west: and all of sections 34, 35, and 36. township 41 south, range 11 west, all with reference to the Salt Lake meridian, be..
Deo Vattooal firt
nd the same are herebv, added to and made a part of he Zion National Park'in the State of Utah, subject to all laws and regulations applicable to and governing said park. (U.S.C, Cth supp., title 16, sec. 340a.)
a the
36
330 VIII. NATIONAL MONUMENTS— ZION
appropriate, injure, destroy,, or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.
The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and control of this monument as provided in the act of Congress entitled "An Ac: To establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes", approved August 25. 1916 (ch. 40S, 39 Stat. 535, U. S. C, title 16, sees. 1 and 2), and acts supplementary thereto or amendatory thereof.
The reservation made by this proclamation supersedes as to any of the above-described lands affected thereby the temporary withdrawals for classification and other purposes made by Executive Orders No. 5573 of March 7, 1931, and No. 6910 of November 26, 1934, as amended, and Executive Order of April 17, 1926, creating Public Water Reserve No. 107. lx witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington this 22d day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and thirty-seven and of the Inde- [seal] pendence of the United States of America the one hundred and sixty-first.
Franklin D. Roosevelt. By the President: Cord ell Hull,
The Secretary of State.
37
«».'>. ZiOll NatilMKlI M«»IIlIIalU«i;
<<*
Ksfablishrnvni ; I'rocl.iinjiion (No. 2221) hi' Jjiui.u. 22, .937 .,29
BY Tun ''resident ok the united states oj- am erica A PROCLAMATION
[No. 2221— January 22. :J:7— iO St:.i. l&0'>;
Whereas i\s :.."• , i.olic lands in the- Stare ot U«..h coiim!.". voKanic phenomena oi umiMial scientific value, and have situated thereon various or! r objects or' geological and scientific interest; and
Whereas it appears that it would be to the public interest to . rve such land- is a national monument, to be known as the Zion N*. >nal Minimum:
Now. T..EREKORE, I. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Preside:.*. or the United State* .".' America, under and by virtue of the autnority vested in :r.c by scctio:. ? oi the act of June 8, 1906. ch. 3060. 34 Stat. 225 (U. S. C. title 16. s.\ . 431), do proclaim that, subject re .dl valid existing rights, the r'ollo'vmg-describcd lands in Utah arc hereby reserved from all forms of ..rpropriation under the public-land laws and set apart as the Zion National Monument:
Salt Lake Meridian
T. 39 S.. R. 10 W.. sec. 31, lots 4 to 14. and 19 to 30, inclusive. T. 40 S., R. l0j/$ W.. sec. 1 and unsurveved fractional sec. 2. T. 3S S.. R. 1 1 W., sees. 3 1 , 32 and 33
T. 39 S.. R. 1 1 W.. sees. 4 to 9, and 16 to 21, inclusive, partly un- surveved ; sec. 24. NEJ4 and S'/2 ; sees. 25 to 29, and 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 40 S., R. 1 1 W., sees. 2. 3. 4, 9, 10, 15, 16. 21, 22. 27, 2S, 33 ana 34. T. 4 1 S.. R. 11 W.. sec. 4 ;
sec. 5. E*/i ; sec. 8. NE-4; sees. 9. 16 and 21. T. 3S S.. R. 12 W.. sec. 10, lots 3 to 10. inclusive; sec. ll.S/a; >cc. 12. Syi; sees. 13. 14 and 15 ; sec. 21 EK-; sees. 22 to 2S, inclusive; sec. 29. lot 1 and lots 3 to 8, inclusive, sees. 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 39 S., K. 12 W., sees. 1 to 4, and 9 to 15, inclusive, partly un- surveved ; sec. 16. E"/S;
sees. 22, 23 and 24, partly •>n>urveycd, containing approximately 49,150 acres.
Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to
329
38
27. Zion National Park
Pat*
Inclusion of the prrsent area of Zion National Monument within Zi-n
National Tark Act of July 11, 1! 5 178
Revision of boundaries of park Act of February 20, li«^0 178
Zion National Park.
Administra- tion.
Fooda.
Zion National Park. Ctah.
An Act To include the present area of Zion National Monument within Zion National Park, in the State of Utah, and for other purposes, approved July 11, lf-55 (70 Stat. 527)
Be it enacted by the Scruite arid House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Cona rests assembled, That for the jpurpose of combining Zion Na- tional Park and Zion National Monument, Utah, in a single national park unit, in the interest of efficient ad- ministration and to preserve adequately the features thereof, Zion National Park hereafter shall comprise the present area of the National Park and the pre.^rit area of the Zion National Monument : Prodded, That the en- actment of this Act shall not afTect adversely r-ny valid rights or privileges heretofore existing within the areas hereby established as the Zion National Park. (16 C.S.C. § 346b.)
Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to administer Zion National Park as hereby established in accordance with his authority over the park heretofore granted by the Congress and In accordance with the gen- eral laws governing areas of the national park system. (16 U.S.C. 8 346c.)
Sec. 3. All funds heretofore made available for pur- poses of Zion National Park and Zion National Monu- ment may be used for purposes of Zion National Park as established by this Act. (16 U.S.C. § 346d.)
An Act To revise the boundaries of the Zion National Tark in the State of Utah, and for other purposes, approved February 20, 1960 (74 Stat. 4)
Be it enacted by (he Senate c*d Bouse of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress as- sembled, That the boundaries of the Zion National Park are hereby revised to include the following described lands:
SALT LAKE >rLRTPlAN*
Township 39 south, range 10 west: Section ?0. *hose portions of lots 1 to 7, inclusive, lying south of K«»lob Creek and lots 8 to 32, inclusive; section 31, lots 1, 2, 3, 15,16,17. IS, 31 and 32.
Township 41 south, range 10 west: Section CS, north- east quarter, that portion of the northwest quarter lying cast of the North Fork of the Virgin River and lot 9 of
178
39
II. NATIONAL PARKS — ZION 179
tho O. D. GifTord survey, the ownership of which is re- corded on page 247 of deed book U12 in Washington County, Utah; section 29, west half; section 31; section 32 (partly surveyed), northeast quarter northwest quarter and west half northwest quarter.
Township 39 south, rango 11 west: Section 13, south- east quarter southeast quarter; section 32, north half and southeast quarter.
Township 40 south, rango 11 west: Section 5, lots 1 and 2 and south half northeast quarter.
Township 38 south, range 12 west: Section 29, those portions or lot 2 and of the southwest quarter lying east of the easterly right-of-way line of United States High- way 91, identified as project numbered 1-01-1 (1 ) , Wash- ington County, Utah, said line being 150 feet from and parallel the centerline of such highway, as constructed. (16 U.S.C. §346a-l [Supp. II].)
Sec. 2. Privately owned land, or interests therein, ^e||£,<}_t,0B within the aforesaid revised boundary may be acquired by the Secretary of the Interior by purchase, donation, with donated funds, or by such other means as the Sec- retary may consider to be in the public interest. When acquired, such land and interests in land shall be admin- istered as a part of the Zion National Park in accord- ance with the provisions of the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended. (16 U.S.C. § 346a-2 [Supp.
Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to convey to the Utah State Road Commission under such terms and conditions as he may deem necessaiy such lands or interests in land in lot 3, section 29, township 38 south, range 12 west, Salt Lake meridian, concainiii" approximately four and one-half acres, as are required by the Commission for the realinemeut and construction of United States Highway 91: Provided, That in ex- change, the State of Utah constructs an interchange of design, type, and location acceptable to the Secretary which will provide vehicular access between the said highway and Zion National Park. Such conveyed lauds shall thereafter be considered as excluded from the Zion National Park and the easterly right-of-way line of United States Highway 91, identified as project num- bered 1-01-1(1), Washington County, Utah, shall be- come the westerly boundary of the Zion National Park in lot 3, section "29, township 3S south, ranije 12 west, Salt Lake meridian. (16 U.S.C. § 34Ga-3 [Supp. II].)
le use. i-4.
Land eoorey-
40
236 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAWS
23. Zion
An Act to provide for increase* in appropriation ceilings and boundary change* in certain units of the National Park Sys- tem, and for other purpose*. (90 Stat. 2732) (P.L. M-678)
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
TITLE III— MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SON NATIONAL PARK
Sec 318. The boundary of Zion National Park is here- by revised to include the area as generally depicted on the map entitled "Land Ownership Types, Zion National Park, Utah", numbered 116-80,003, which map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the offices of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior may acquire the property included by this section by donation only.
Approved October 21, 1976.
g. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1987-776-063/65202
Clemson University "
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